[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163938},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list":3,"nav-reference":2144},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2137,"extension":2138,"meta":2139,"navigation":149,"path":2140,"seo":2141,"stem":2142,"__hash__":2143},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2100},"minimark",[9,13,17,22,202,208,296,311,315,337,341,344,347,365,368,417,421,446,458,462,467,470,590,594,663,668,682,686,689,734,738,752,755,841,845,878,888,894,899,902,917,921,954,958,991,995,1033,1037,1058,1062,1099,1103,1135,1146,1150,1153,1156,1172,1233,1237,1276,1282,1285,1289,1292,1296,1299,1326,1329,1354,1364,1367,1414,1418,1442,1445,1484,1492,1497,1533,1537,1639,1646,1683,1687,1713,1717,1720,1758,1761,1798,1802,1805,1824,1828,1891,1894,1913,1917,1920,1923,1958,1962,1966,1969,1977,1981,1984,2004,2011,2017,2021,2024,2034,2042,2046,2090,2096],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,15,16],"p",{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[18,19,21],"h2",{"id":20},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[23,24,29],"pre",{"className":25,"code":26,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n","python","",[30,31,32,67,108,119,144,151,166,178,190],"code",{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34,37,41,45,49,53,56,59,61,64],"span",{"class":35,"line":36},"line",1,[33,38,40],{"class":39},"su5hD","numbers ",[33,42,44],{"class":43},"smGrS","=",[33,46,48],{"class":47},"sP7_E"," [",[33,50,52],{"class":51},"srdBf","1",[33,54,55],{"class":47},",",[33,57,58],{"class":51}," 2",[33,60,55],{"class":47},[33,62,63],{"class":51}," 3",[33,65,66],{"class":47},"]\n",[33,68,70,73,75,77,81,85,87,89,92,95,97,99,101,104,106],{"class":35,"line":69},2,[33,71,72],{"class":39},"names ",[33,74,44],{"class":43},[33,76,48],{"class":47},[33,78,80],{"class":79},"sjJ54","\"",[33,82,84],{"class":83},"s_sjI","Ana",[33,86,80],{"class":79},[33,88,55],{"class":47},[33,90,91],{"class":79}," \"",[33,93,94],{"class":83},"Ben",[33,96,80],{"class":79},[33,98,55],{"class":47},[33,100,91],{"class":79},[33,102,103],{"class":83},"Cara",[33,105,80],{"class":79},[33,107,66],{"class":47},[33,109,111,114,116],{"class":35,"line":110},3,[33,112,113],{"class":39},"empty_list ",[33,115,44],{"class":43},[33,117,118],{"class":47}," []\n",[33,120,122,125,127,131,134,136,139,141],{"class":35,"line":121},4,[33,123,124],{"class":39},"letters ",[33,126,44],{"class":43},[33,128,130],{"class":129},"sZMiF"," list",[33,132,133],{"class":47},"(",[33,135,80],{"class":79},[33,137,138],{"class":83},"abc",[33,140,80],{"class":79},[33,142,143],{"class":47},")\n",[33,145,147],{"class":35,"line":146},5,[33,148,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},true,"\n",[33,152,154,158,160,164],{"class":35,"line":153},6,[33,155,157],{"class":156},"sptTA","print",[33,159,133],{"class":47},[33,161,163],{"class":162},"slqww","numbers",[33,165,143],{"class":47},[33,167,169,171,173,176],{"class":35,"line":168},7,[33,170,157],{"class":156},[33,172,133],{"class":47},[33,174,175],{"class":162},"names",[33,177,143],{"class":47},[33,179,181,183,185,188],{"class":35,"line":180},8,[33,182,157],{"class":156},[33,184,133],{"class":47},[33,186,187],{"class":162},"empty_list",[33,189,143],{"class":47},[33,191,193,195,197,200],{"class":35,"line":192},9,[33,194,157],{"class":156},[33,196,133],{"class":47},[33,198,199],{"class":162},"letters",[33,201,143],{"class":47},[14,203,204],{},[205,206,207],"strong",{},"Output:",[23,209,211],{"className":25,"code":210,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[30,212,213,230,260,265],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,214,215,218,220,222,224,226,228],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,216,217],{"class":47},"[",[33,219,52],{"class":51},[33,221,55],{"class":47},[33,223,58],{"class":51},[33,225,55],{"class":47},[33,227,63],{"class":51},[33,229,66],{"class":47},[33,231,232,234,237,239,241,243,246,248,250,252,254,256,258],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,233,217],{"class":47},[33,235,236],{"class":79},"'",[33,238,84],{"class":83},[33,240,236],{"class":79},[33,242,55],{"class":47},[33,244,245],{"class":79}," '",[33,247,94],{"class":83},[33,249,236],{"class":79},[33,251,55],{"class":47},[33,253,245],{"class":79},[33,255,103],{"class":83},[33,257,236],{"class":79},[33,259,66],{"class":47},[33,261,262],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,263,264],{"class":47},"[]\n",[33,266,267,269,271,274,276,278,280,283,285,287,289,292,294],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,268,217],{"class":47},[33,270,236],{"class":79},[33,272,273],{"class":83},"a",[33,275,236],{"class":79},[33,277,55],{"class":47},[33,279,245],{"class":79},[33,281,282],{"class":83},"b",[33,284,236],{"class":79},[33,286,55],{"class":47},[33,288,245],{"class":79},[33,290,291],{"class":83},"c",[33,293,236],{"class":79},[33,295,66],{"class":47},[14,297,298,299,302,303,306,307,310],{},"Use square brackets ",[30,300,301],{},"[]"," for most lists. Use ",[30,304,305],{},"list()"," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[30,308,309],{},"range()",".",[18,312,314],{"id":313},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[316,317,318,322,325,328,334],"ul",{},[319,320,321],"li",{},"What a list is in Python",[319,323,324],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[319,326,327],{},"How to create an empty list",[319,329,330,331,333],{},"How to create a list with the ",[30,332,305],{}," function",[319,335,336],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[18,338,340],{"id":339},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,342,343],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,345,346],{},"This means:",[316,348,349,352,355,358],{},[319,350,351],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[319,353,354],{},"The order of items is kept",[319,356,357],{},"A list can hold different data types",[319,359,360,361,364],{},"A list is ",[205,362,363],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,366,367],{},"Example:",[23,369,371],{"className":25,"code":370,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,372,373,402,406],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,374,375,378,380,382,384,387,389,391,394,396,400],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,376,377],{"class":39},"items ",[33,379,44],{"class":43},[33,381,48],{"class":47},[33,383,80],{"class":79},[33,385,386],{"class":83},"apple",[33,388,80],{"class":79},[33,390,55],{"class":47},[33,392,393],{"class":51}," 10",[33,395,55],{"class":47},[33,397,399],{"class":398},"s39Yj"," True",[33,401,66],{"class":47},[33,403,404],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,405,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,407,408,410,412,415],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,409,157],{"class":156},[33,411,133],{"class":47},[33,413,414],{"class":162},"items",[33,416,143],{"class":47},[14,418,419],{},[205,420,207],{},[23,422,424],{"className":25,"code":423,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[30,425,426],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,427,428,430,432,434,436,438,440,442,444],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,429,217],{"class":47},[33,431,236],{"class":79},[33,433,386],{"class":83},[33,435,236],{"class":79},[33,437,55],{"class":47},[33,439,393],{"class":51},[33,441,55],{"class":47},[33,443,399],{"class":398},[33,445,66],{"class":47},[14,447,448,449,453,454,310],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[273,450,452],{"href":451},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python Lists Explained for Beginners"," or ",[273,455,457],{"href":456},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","What is a List in Python?",[18,459,461],{"id":460},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,463,298,464,466],{},[30,465,301],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,468,469],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[23,471,473],{"className":25,"code":472,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[30,474,475,495,527,555,559,569,579],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,476,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,478,40],{"class":39},[33,480,44],{"class":43},[33,482,48],{"class":47},[33,484,52],{"class":51},[33,486,55],{"class":47},[33,488,58],{"class":51},[33,490,55],{"class":47},[33,492,63],{"class":51},[33,494,66],{"class":47},[33,496,497,499,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,517,519,521,523,525],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,498,72],{"class":39},[33,500,44],{"class":43},[33,502,48],{"class":47},[33,504,80],{"class":79},[33,506,84],{"class":83},[33,508,80],{"class":79},[33,510,55],{"class":47},[33,512,91],{"class":79},[33,514,94],{"class":83},[33,516,80],{"class":79},[33,518,55],{"class":47},[33,520,91],{"class":79},[33,522,103],{"class":83},[33,524,80],{"class":79},[33,526,66],{"class":47},[33,528,529,532,534,536,539,541,543,546,548,550,553],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,530,531],{"class":39},"mixed ",[33,533,44],{"class":43},[33,535,48],{"class":47},[33,537,538],{"class":51},"10",[33,540,55],{"class":47},[33,542,91],{"class":79},[33,544,545],{"class":83},"hello",[33,547,80],{"class":79},[33,549,55],{"class":47},[33,551,552],{"class":398}," False",[33,554,66],{"class":47},[33,556,557],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,558,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,560,561,563,565,567],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,562,157],{"class":156},[33,564,133],{"class":47},[33,566,163],{"class":162},[33,568,143],{"class":47},[33,570,571,573,575,577],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,572,157],{"class":156},[33,574,133],{"class":47},[33,576,175],{"class":162},[33,578,143],{"class":47},[33,580,581,583,585,588],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,582,157],{"class":156},[33,584,133],{"class":47},[33,586,587],{"class":162},"mixed",[33,589,143],{"class":47},[14,591,592],{},[205,593,207],{},[23,595,597],{"className":25,"code":596,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[30,598,599,615,643],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,600,601,603,605,607,609,611,613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,602,217],{"class":47},[33,604,52],{"class":51},[33,606,55],{"class":47},[33,608,58],{"class":51},[33,610,55],{"class":47},[33,612,63],{"class":51},[33,614,66],{"class":47},[33,616,617,619,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639,641],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,618,217],{"class":47},[33,620,236],{"class":79},[33,622,84],{"class":83},[33,624,236],{"class":79},[33,626,55],{"class":47},[33,628,245],{"class":79},[33,630,94],{"class":83},[33,632,236],{"class":79},[33,634,55],{"class":47},[33,636,245],{"class":79},[33,638,103],{"class":83},[33,640,236],{"class":79},[33,642,66],{"class":47},[33,644,645,647,649,651,653,655,657,659,661],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,646,217],{"class":47},[33,648,538],{"class":51},[33,650,55],{"class":47},[33,652,245],{"class":79},[33,654,545],{"class":83},[33,656,236],{"class":79},[33,658,55],{"class":47},[33,660,552],{"class":398},[33,662,66],{"class":47},[664,665,667],"h3",{"id":666},"key-points","Key points",[316,669,670,676,679],{},[319,671,672,673,675],{},"Use ",[30,674,301],{}," to make a new list",[319,677,678],{},"Separate items with commas",[319,680,681],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[18,683,685],{"id":684},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,687,688],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[23,690,692],{"className":25,"code":691,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[30,693,694,703,707,718],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,695,696,699,701],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,697,698],{"class":39},"my_list ",[33,700,44],{"class":43},[33,702,118],{"class":47},[33,704,705],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,706,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,708,709,711,713,716],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,710,157],{"class":156},[33,712,133],{"class":47},[33,714,715],{"class":162},"my_list",[33,717,143],{"class":47},[33,719,720,722,724,727,729,731],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,721,157],{"class":156},[33,723,133],{"class":47},[33,725,726],{"class":156},"len",[33,728,133],{"class":47},[33,730,715],{"class":162},[33,732,733],{"class":47},"))\n",[14,735,736],{},[205,737,207],{},[23,739,741],{"className":25,"code":740,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[]\n0\n",[30,742,743,747],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,744,745],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,746,264],{"class":47},[33,748,749],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,750,751],{"class":51},"0\n",[14,753,754],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[23,756,758],{"className":25,"code":757,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[30,759,760,768,772,791,809,827,831],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,761,762,764,766],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,763,72],{"class":39},[33,765,44],{"class":43},[33,767,118],{"class":47},[33,769,770],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,771,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,773,774,776,778,781,783,785,787,789],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,775,175],{"class":39},[33,777,310],{"class":47},[33,779,780],{"class":162},"append",[33,782,133],{"class":47},[33,784,80],{"class":79},[33,786,84],{"class":83},[33,788,80],{"class":79},[33,790,143],{"class":47},[33,792,793,795,797,799,801,803,805,807],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,794,175],{"class":39},[33,796,310],{"class":47},[33,798,780],{"class":162},[33,800,133],{"class":47},[33,802,80],{"class":79},[33,804,94],{"class":83},[33,806,80],{"class":79},[33,808,143],{"class":47},[33,810,811,813,815,817,819,821,823,825],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,812,175],{"class":39},[33,814,310],{"class":47},[33,816,780],{"class":162},[33,818,133],{"class":47},[33,820,80],{"class":79},[33,822,103],{"class":83},[33,824,80],{"class":79},[33,826,143],{"class":47},[33,828,829],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,830,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,832,833,835,837,839],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,834,157],{"class":156},[33,836,133],{"class":47},[33,838,175],{"class":162},[33,840,143],{"class":47},[14,842,843],{},[205,844,207],{},[23,846,848],{"className":25,"code":847,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[30,849,850],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,851,852,854,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,853,217],{"class":47},[33,855,236],{"class":79},[33,857,84],{"class":83},[33,859,236],{"class":79},[33,861,55],{"class":47},[33,863,245],{"class":79},[33,865,94],{"class":83},[33,867,236],{"class":79},[33,869,55],{"class":47},[33,871,245],{"class":79},[33,873,103],{"class":83},[33,875,236],{"class":79},[33,877,66],{"class":47},[14,879,880,881,310],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[273,882,884,887],{"href":883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[30,885,886],{},"append()"," method",[18,889,891,892],{"id":890},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[30,893,305],{},[14,895,672,896,898],{},[30,897,305],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,900,901],{},"Common inputs include:",[316,903,904,907,910,913],{},[319,905,906],{},"strings",[319,908,909],{},"tuples",[319,911,912],{},"sets",[319,914,915],{},[30,916,309],{},[664,918,920],{"id":919},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[23,922,924],{"className":25,"code":923,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,925,926,944],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,927,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,929,124],{"class":39},[33,931,44],{"class":43},[33,933,130],{"class":129},[33,935,133],{"class":47},[33,937,80],{"class":79},[33,939,138],{"class":83},[33,941,80],{"class":79},[33,943,143],{"class":47},[33,945,946,948,950,952],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,947,157],{"class":156},[33,949,133],{"class":47},[33,951,199],{"class":162},[33,953,143],{"class":47},[14,955,956],{},[205,957,207],{},[23,959,961],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[30,962,963],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,964,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,966,217],{"class":47},[33,968,236],{"class":79},[33,970,273],{"class":83},[33,972,236],{"class":79},[33,974,55],{"class":47},[33,976,245],{"class":79},[33,978,282],{"class":83},[33,980,236],{"class":79},[33,982,55],{"class":47},[33,984,245],{"class":79},[33,986,291],{"class":83},[33,988,236],{"class":79},[33,990,66],{"class":47},[664,992,994],{"id":993},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[23,996,998],{"className":25,"code":997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,999,1000,1023],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1001,1002,1004,1006,1008,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1003,40],{"class":39},[33,1005,44],{"class":43},[33,1007,130],{"class":129},[33,1009,1010],{"class":47},"((",[33,1012,52],{"class":51},[33,1014,55],{"class":47},[33,1016,58],{"class":51},[33,1018,55],{"class":47},[33,1020,63],{"class":51},[33,1022,733],{"class":47},[33,1024,1025,1027,1029,1031],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1026,157],{"class":156},[33,1028,133],{"class":47},[33,1030,163],{"class":162},[33,1032,143],{"class":47},[14,1034,1035],{},[205,1036,207],{},[23,1038,1040],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[30,1041,1042],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1043,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1045,217],{"class":47},[33,1047,52],{"class":51},[33,1049,55],{"class":47},[33,1051,58],{"class":51},[33,1053,55],{"class":47},[33,1055,63],{"class":51},[33,1057,66],{"class":47},[664,1059,1061],{"id":1060},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[23,1063,1065],{"className":25,"code":1064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[30,1066,1067,1088],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1068,1069,1072,1074,1076,1078,1081,1083,1086],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1070,1071],{"class":39},"values ",[33,1073,44],{"class":43},[33,1075,130],{"class":129},[33,1077,133],{"class":47},[33,1079,1080],{"class":156},"range",[33,1082,133],{"class":47},[33,1084,1085],{"class":51},"5",[33,1087,733],{"class":47},[33,1089,1090,1092,1094,1097],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1091,157],{"class":156},[33,1093,133],{"class":47},[33,1095,1096],{"class":162},"values",[33,1098,143],{"class":47},[14,1100,1101],{},[205,1102,207],{},[23,1104,1106],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,1107,1108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1109,1110,1112,1115,1117,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1133],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1111,217],{"class":47},[33,1113,1114],{"class":51},"0",[33,1116,55],{"class":47},[33,1118,1119],{"class":51}," 1",[33,1121,55],{"class":47},[33,1123,58],{"class":51},[33,1125,55],{"class":47},[33,1127,63],{"class":51},[33,1129,55],{"class":47},[33,1131,1132],{"class":51}," 4",[33,1134,66],{"class":47},[14,1136,1137,1139,1140,310],{},[30,1138,305],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[273,1141,1143,1145],{"href":1142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[30,1144,305],{},": Function Explained",[18,1147,1149],{"id":1148},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,1151,1152],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,1154,1155],{},"Examples include:",[316,1157,1158,1160,1163,1166,1169],{},[319,1159,906],{},[319,1161,1162],{},"integers",[319,1164,1165],{},"floats",[319,1167,1168],{},"booleans",[319,1170,1171],{},"other lists",[23,1173,1175],{"className":25,"code":1174,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,1176,1177,1218,1222],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1178,1179,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1180,1181],{"class":39},"data ",[33,1183,44],{"class":43},[33,1185,48],{"class":47},[33,1187,80],{"class":79},[33,1189,84],{"class":83},[33,1191,80],{"class":79},[33,1193,55],{"class":47},[33,1195,1196],{"class":51}," 25",[33,1198,55],{"class":47},[33,1200,399],{"class":398},[33,1202,55],{"class":47},[33,1204,48],{"class":47},[33,1206,52],{"class":51},[33,1208,55],{"class":47},[33,1210,58],{"class":51},[33,1212,55],{"class":47},[33,1214,63],{"class":51},[33,1216,1217],{"class":47},"]]\n",[33,1219,1220],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1221,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,1223,1224,1226,1228,1231],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,1225,157],{"class":156},[33,1227,133],{"class":47},[33,1229,1230],{"class":162},"data",[33,1232,143],{"class":47},[14,1234,1235],{},[205,1236,207],{},[23,1238,1240],{"className":25,"code":1239,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[30,1241,1242],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1243,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1245,217],{"class":47},[33,1247,236],{"class":79},[33,1249,84],{"class":83},[33,1251,236],{"class":79},[33,1253,55],{"class":47},[33,1255,1196],{"class":51},[33,1257,55],{"class":47},[33,1259,399],{"class":398},[33,1261,55],{"class":47},[33,1263,48],{"class":47},[33,1265,52],{"class":51},[33,1267,55],{"class":47},[33,1269,58],{"class":51},[33,1271,55],{"class":47},[33,1273,63],{"class":51},[33,1275,1217],{"class":47},[14,1277,1278,1279,310],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[205,1280,1281],{},"nested list",[14,1283,1284],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[18,1286,1288],{"id":1287},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[14,1290,1291],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[664,1293,1295],{"id":1294},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,1297,1298],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[23,1300,1302],{"className":25,"code":1301,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[30,1303,1304,1310],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1305,1306],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1307,1309],{"class":1308},"sutJx","# Wrong\n",[33,1311,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1313,40],{"class":39},[33,1315,44],{"class":43},[33,1317,48],{"class":47},[33,1319,52],{"class":51},[33,1321,58],{"class":51},[33,1323,63],{"class":51},[33,1325,66],{"class":47},[14,1327,1328],{},"Correct version:",[23,1330,1332],{"className":25,"code":1331,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,1333,1334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1335,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1337,40],{"class":39},[33,1339,44],{"class":43},[33,1341,48],{"class":47},[33,1343,52],{"class":51},[33,1345,55],{"class":47},[33,1347,58],{"class":51},[33,1349,55],{"class":47},[33,1351,63],{"class":51},[33,1353,66],{"class":47},[664,1355,1357,1358,1361,1362],{"id":1356},"using-instead-of","Using ",[30,1359,1360],{},"()"," instead of ",[30,1363,301],{},[14,1365,1366],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[23,1368,1370],{"className":25,"code":1369,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[30,1371,1372,1394,1398],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1373,1374,1377,1379,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1375,1376],{"class":39},"my_values ",[33,1378,44],{"class":43},[33,1380,1381],{"class":47}," (",[33,1383,52],{"class":51},[33,1385,55],{"class":47},[33,1387,58],{"class":51},[33,1389,55],{"class":47},[33,1391,63],{"class":51},[33,1393,143],{"class":47},[33,1395,1396],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1397,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,1399,1400,1402,1404,1407,1409,1412],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,1401,157],{"class":156},[33,1403,133],{"class":47},[33,1405,1406],{"class":129},"type",[33,1408,133],{"class":47},[33,1410,1411],{"class":162},"my_values",[33,1413,733],{"class":47},[14,1415,1416],{},[205,1417,207],{},[23,1419,1421],{"className":25,"code":1420,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,1422,1423],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1424,1425,1428,1432,1434,1437,1439],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1426,1427],{"class":43},"\u003C",[33,1429,1431],{"class":1430},"sbsja","class",[33,1433,245],{"class":79},[33,1435,1436],{"class":83},"tuple",[33,1438,236],{"class":79},[33,1440,1441],{"class":43},">\n",[14,1443,1444],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[23,1446,1448],{"className":25,"code":1447,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[30,1449,1450,1470],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1451,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1453,1376],{"class":39},[33,1455,44],{"class":43},[33,1457,48],{"class":47},[33,1459,52],{"class":51},[33,1461,55],{"class":47},[33,1463,58],{"class":51},[33,1465,55],{"class":47},[33,1467,63],{"class":51},[33,1469,66],{"class":47},[33,1471,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1473,157],{"class":156},[33,1475,133],{"class":47},[33,1477,1406],{"class":129},[33,1479,133],{"class":47},[33,1481,1411],{"class":162},[33,1483,733],{"class":47},[664,1485,1487,1488,1491],{"id":1486},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words","Expecting ",[30,1489,1490],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,1493,1494,1496],{},[30,1495,305],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[23,1498,1500],{"className":25,"code":1499,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,1501,1502,1522],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1503,1504,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1518,1520],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1505,1506],{"class":39},"result ",[33,1508,44],{"class":43},[33,1510,130],{"class":129},[33,1512,133],{"class":47},[33,1514,80],{"class":79},[33,1516,1517],{"class":83},"hello world",[33,1519,80],{"class":79},[33,1521,143],{"class":47},[33,1523,1524,1526,1528,1531],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1525,157],{"class":156},[33,1527,133],{"class":47},[33,1529,1530],{"class":162},"result",[33,1532,143],{"class":47},[14,1534,1535],{},[205,1536,207],{},[23,1538,1540],{"className":25,"code":1539,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[30,1541,1542],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1543,1544,1546,1548,1551,1553,1555,1557,1560,1562,1564,1566,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1635,1637],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1545,217],{"class":47},[33,1547,236],{"class":79},[33,1549,1550],{"class":83},"h",[33,1552,236],{"class":79},[33,1554,55],{"class":47},[33,1556,245],{"class":79},[33,1558,1559],{"class":83},"e",[33,1561,236],{"class":79},[33,1563,55],{"class":47},[33,1565,245],{"class":79},[33,1567,1568],{"class":83},"l",[33,1570,236],{"class":79},[33,1572,55],{"class":47},[33,1574,245],{"class":79},[33,1576,1568],{"class":83},[33,1578,236],{"class":79},[33,1580,55],{"class":47},[33,1582,245],{"class":79},[33,1584,1585],{"class":83},"o",[33,1587,236],{"class":79},[33,1589,55],{"class":47},[33,1591,245],{"class":79},[33,1593,245],{"class":79},[33,1595,55],{"class":47},[33,1597,245],{"class":79},[33,1599,1600],{"class":83},"w",[33,1602,236],{"class":79},[33,1604,55],{"class":47},[33,1606,245],{"class":79},[33,1608,1585],{"class":83},[33,1610,236],{"class":79},[33,1612,55],{"class":47},[33,1614,245],{"class":79},[33,1616,1617],{"class":83},"r",[33,1619,236],{"class":79},[33,1621,55],{"class":47},[33,1623,245],{"class":79},[33,1625,1568],{"class":83},[33,1627,236],{"class":79},[33,1629,55],{"class":47},[33,1631,245],{"class":79},[33,1633,1634],{"class":83},"d",[33,1636,236],{"class":79},[33,1638,66],{"class":47},[14,1640,1641,1642,1645],{},"If you want words, use ",[30,1643,1644],{},"split()"," instead:",[23,1647,1649],{"className":25,"code":1648,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[30,1650,1651,1672],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1652,1653,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1669],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1654,1655],{"class":39},"words ",[33,1657,44],{"class":43},[33,1659,91],{"class":79},[33,1661,1517],{"class":83},[33,1663,80],{"class":79},[33,1665,310],{"class":47},[33,1667,1668],{"class":162},"split",[33,1670,1671],{"class":47},"()\n",[33,1673,1674,1676,1678,1681],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1675,157],{"class":156},[33,1677,133],{"class":47},[33,1679,1680],{"class":162},"words",[33,1682,143],{"class":47},[14,1684,1685],{},[205,1686,207],{},[23,1688,1690],{"className":25,"code":1689,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['hello', 'world']\n",[30,1691,1692],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1693,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1709,1711],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1695,217],{"class":47},[33,1697,236],{"class":79},[33,1699,545],{"class":83},[33,1701,236],{"class":79},[33,1703,55],{"class":47},[33,1705,245],{"class":79},[33,1707,1708],{"class":83},"world",[33,1710,236],{"class":79},[33,1712,66],{"class":47},[664,1714,1716],{"id":1715},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,1718,1719],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[23,1721,1723],{"className":25,"code":1722,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[30,1724,1725,1729],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1726,1727],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1728,1309],{"class":1308},[33,1730,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1750,1752,1754,1756],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1732,72],{"class":39},[33,1734,44],{"class":43},[33,1736,48],{"class":47},[33,1738,80],{"class":79},[33,1740,84],{"class":83},[33,1742,80],{"class":79},[33,1744,55],{"class":47},[33,1746,91],{"class":79},[33,1748,1749],{"class":83},"Ben', ",[33,1751,80],{"class":79},[33,1753,103],{"class":39},[33,1755,80],{"class":79},[33,1757,66],{"class":83},[14,1759,1760],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[23,1762,1764],{"className":25,"code":1763,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[30,1765,1766],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1767,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794,1796],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1769,72],{"class":39},[33,1771,44],{"class":43},[33,1773,48],{"class":47},[33,1775,80],{"class":79},[33,1777,84],{"class":83},[33,1779,80],{"class":79},[33,1781,55],{"class":47},[33,1783,91],{"class":79},[33,1785,94],{"class":83},[33,1787,80],{"class":79},[33,1789,55],{"class":47},[33,1791,91],{"class":79},[33,1793,103],{"class":83},[33,1795,80],{"class":79},[33,1797,66],{"class":47},[664,1799,1801],{"id":1800},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,1803,1804],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[316,1806,1807,1810,1813,1818],{},[319,1808,1809],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[319,1811,1812],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[319,1814,1815,1816],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[30,1817,305],{},[319,1819,1487,1820,1823],{},[30,1821,1822],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[664,1825,1827],{"id":1826},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[23,1829,1831],{"className":25,"code":1830,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[30,1832,1833,1843,1857,1871],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1834,1835,1837,1839,1841],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1836,157],{"class":156},[33,1838,133],{"class":47},[33,1840,715],{"class":162},[33,1842,143],{"class":47},[33,1844,1845,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,1846,157],{"class":156},[33,1848,133],{"class":47},[33,1850,1406],{"class":129},[33,1852,133],{"class":47},[33,1854,715],{"class":162},[33,1856,733],{"class":47},[33,1858,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,1860,157],{"class":156},[33,1862,133],{"class":47},[33,1864,726],{"class":156},[33,1866,133],{"class":47},[33,1868,715],{"class":162},[33,1870,733],{"class":47},[33,1872,1873,1875,1877,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,1874,157],{"class":156},[33,1876,133],{"class":47},[33,1878,1879],{"class":129},"list",[33,1881,133],{"class":47},[33,1883,1080],{"class":156},[33,1885,133],{"class":47},[33,1887,1085],{"class":51},[33,1889,1890],{"class":47},")))\n",[14,1892,1893],{},"These help you confirm:",[316,1895,1896,1899,1902,1905],{},[319,1897,1898],{},"what the list contains",[319,1900,1901],{},"whether the value is really a list",[319,1903,1904],{},"how many items it has",[319,1906,1907,1908,1910,1911],{},"what ",[30,1909,305],{}," does with ",[30,1912,309],{},[18,1914,1916],{"id":1915},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,1918,1919],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,1921,1922],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[316,1924,1925,1946,1951],{},[319,1926,672,1927,1931,1932,1938,1939,1945],{},[273,1928,1929],{"href":883},[30,1930,886],{},", ",[273,1933,1935],{"href":1934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[30,1936,1937],{},"extend()",", and ",[273,1940,1942],{"href":1941},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[30,1943,1944],{},"insert()"," to add items later",[319,1947,672,1948,1950],{},[273,1949,452],{"href":451}," for a broader introduction",[319,1952,672,1953,1957],{},[273,1954,1955,1145],{"href":1142},[30,1956,305],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[18,1959,1961],{"id":1960},"faq","FAQ",[664,1963,1965],{"id":1964},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,1967,1968],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[23,1970,1971],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,1972,1973],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1974,1975],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1976,264],{"class":47},[664,1978,1980],{"id":1979},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,1982,1983],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[23,1985,1986],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,1987,1988],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,1989,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,1991,217],{"class":47},[33,1993,52],{"class":51},[33,1995,55],{"class":47},[33,1997,58],{"class":51},[33,1999,55],{"class":47},[33,2001,63],{"class":51},[33,2003,66],{"class":47},[664,2005,2007,2008,2010],{"id":2006},"what-does-list-do-in-python","What does ",[30,2009,305],{}," do in Python?",[14,2012,2013,2014,2016],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[30,2015,309],{},", into a list.",[664,2018,2020],{"id":2019},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,2022,2023],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[664,2025,2027,2028,2030,2031,2033],{"id":2026},"what-is-the-difference-between-and","What is the difference between ",[30,2029,301],{}," and ",[30,2032,1360],{},"?",[14,2035,2036,2038,2039,2041],{},[30,2037,301],{}," creates a list. ",[30,2040,1360],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[18,2043,2045],{"id":2044},"see-also","See also",[316,2047,2048,2052,2060,2066,2072,2080,2084],{},[319,2049,2050],{},[273,2051,452],{"href":451},[319,2053,2054],{},[273,2055,2056,2057,2059],{"href":883},"Python list ",[30,2058,886],{}," Method",[319,2061,2062],{},[273,2063,2056,2064,2059],{"href":1934},[30,2065,1937],{},[319,2067,2068],{},[273,2069,2056,2070,2059],{"href":1941},[30,2071,1944],{},[319,2073,2074],{},[273,2075,2076,2077,2079],{"href":1142},"Python ",[30,2078,305],{}," Function Explained",[319,2081,2082],{},[273,2083,457],{"href":456},[319,2085,2086],{},[273,2087,2089],{"href":2088},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","Mutability in Python Explained",[14,2091,2092,2093,2095],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[30,2094,886],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2097,2098,2099],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":2101},[2102,2103,2104,2105,2108,2109,2115,2116,2126,2127,2136],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":339,"depth":69,"text":340},{"id":460,"depth":69,"text":461,"children":2106},[2107],{"id":666,"depth":110,"text":667},{"id":684,"depth":69,"text":685},{"id":890,"depth":69,"text":2110,"children":2111},"Create a list with list()",[2112,2113,2114],{"id":919,"depth":110,"text":920},{"id":993,"depth":110,"text":994},{"id":1060,"depth":110,"text":1061},{"id":1148,"depth":69,"text":1149},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":2117},[2118,2119,2121,2123,2124,2125],{"id":1294,"depth":110,"text":1295},{"id":1356,"depth":110,"text":2120},"Using () instead of []",{"id":1486,"depth":110,"text":2122},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":1715,"depth":110,"text":1716},{"id":1800,"depth":110,"text":1801},{"id":1826,"depth":110,"text":1827},{"id":1915,"depth":69,"text":1916},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":2128},[2129,2130,2131,2133,2134],{"id":1964,"depth":110,"text":1965},{"id":1979,"depth":110,"text":1980},{"id":2006,"depth":110,"text":2132},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":2019,"depth":110,"text":2020},{"id":2026,"depth":110,"text":2135},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":5,"description":2137},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",[2145,3742,5441,7131,9266,11462,12981,15157,17360,19819,21658,24223,26319,28601,30549,32460,34457,35896,37720,40244,42403,43631,45002,46650,48970,50813,52793,54481,55732,57424,59174,60977,62727,64827,66187,68138,69701,71692,73487,75387,77829,79907,82547,84576,86539,88727,90731,93044,94726,96171,97365,98543,100383,102823,104527,106542,108066,109311,110474,111856,113927,115824,117598,119464,121583,123323,124785,126379,128302,129979,131914,133403,136187,137764,139323,141351,143303,144766,145955,147841,149252,150948,152502,153924,155327,157225,159619,161450],{"id":2146,"title":2147,"body":2148,"description":3736,"extension":2138,"meta":3737,"navigation":149,"path":3738,"seo":3739,"stem":3740,"__hash__":3741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2149,"toc":3708},[2150,2153,2160,2163,2174,2177,2181,2246,2248,2268,2273,2277,2282,2285,2300,2303,2328,2331,2335,2338,2354,2357,2383,2385,2443,2445,2460,2470,2480,2484,2487,2540,2542,2562,2565,2589,2596,2600,2605,2611,2613,2650,2652,2661,2667,2685,2688,2700,2704,2709,2713,2716,2737,2739,2797,2799,2807,2810,2814,2846,2848,2856,2859,2863,2868,2916,2918,2926,2930,2990,2992,3000,3003,3007,3011,3014,3037,3046,3062,3112,3114,3129,3140,3144,3147,3176,3183,3187,3192,3233,3235,3246,3249,3292,3294,3302,3306,3311,3333,3335,3344,3353,3357,3362,3384,3386,3456,3458,3505,3508,3511,3514,3594,3596,3627,3629,3633,3636,3640,3643,3647,3650,3654,3666,3670,3673,3675,3705],[10,2151,2147],{"id":2152},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2154,2155,2156,2159],{},"The ",[30,2157,2158],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2161,2162],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[316,2164,2165,2168,2171],{},[319,2166,2167],{},"a number without its negative sign",[319,2169,2170],{},"the distance between two numbers",[319,2172,2173],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2175,2176],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[18,2178,2180],{"id":2179},"quick-example","Quick example",[23,2182,2184],{"className":25,"code":2183,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[30,2185,2186,2205,2220],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2187,2188,2190,2192,2195,2197,2200,2203],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2189,157],{"class":156},[33,2191,133],{"class":47},[33,2193,2194],{"class":156},"abs",[33,2196,133],{"class":47},[33,2198,2199],{"class":43},"-",[33,2201,2202],{"class":51},"7",[33,2204,733],{"class":47},[33,2206,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2218],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2208,157],{"class":156},[33,2210,133],{"class":47},[33,2212,2194],{"class":156},[33,2214,133],{"class":47},[33,2216,2217],{"class":51},"3.5",[33,2219,733],{"class":47},[33,2221,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232,2235,2238,2241,2244],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2223,157],{"class":156},[33,2225,133],{"class":47},[33,2227,2194],{"class":156},[33,2229,133],{"class":47},[33,2231,2199],{"class":43},[33,2233,2234],{"class":51},"2",[33,2236,2237],{"class":43},"+",[33,2239,2240],{"class":51},"3",[33,2242,2243],{"class":1430},"j",[33,2245,733],{"class":47},[14,2247,207],{},[23,2249,2251],{"className":25,"code":2250,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[30,2252,2253,2258,2263],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2254,2255],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2256,2257],{"class":51},"7\n",[33,2259,2260],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2261,2262],{"class":51},"3.5\n",[33,2264,2265],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2266,2267],{"class":51},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2269,672,2270,2272],{},[30,2271,2158],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[18,2274,2276],{"id":2275},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2278,2279,2281],{},[30,2280,2158],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2283,2284],{},"That means:",[316,2286,2287,2290,2293],{},[319,2288,2289],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[319,2291,2292],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[319,2294,2295,2297,2298],{},[30,2296,1114],{}," stays ",[30,2299,1114],{},[14,2301,2302],{},"Examples:",[316,2304,2305,2313,2321],{},[319,2306,2307,2310,2311],{},[30,2308,2309],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[30,2312,1085],{},[319,2314,2315,2310,2318],{},[30,2316,2317],{},"abs(9)",[30,2319,2320],{},"9",[319,2322,2323,2310,2326],{},[30,2324,2325],{},"abs(0)",[30,2327,1114],{},[14,2329,2330],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[18,2332,2334],{"id":2333},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,2336,2337],{},"The syntax is:",[23,2339,2341],{"className":25,"code":2340,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"abs(x)\n",[30,2342,2343],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2344,2345,2347,2349,2352],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2346,2194],{"class":156},[33,2348,133],{"class":47},[33,2350,2351],{"class":162},"x",[33,2353,143],{"class":47},[14,2355,2356],{},"Here:",[316,2358,2359,2375,2380],{},[319,2360,2361,2363,2364,1931,2367,2370,2371,2374],{},[30,2362,2351],{}," is usually an ",[30,2365,2366],{},"int",[30,2368,2369],{},"float",", or ",[30,2372,2373],{},"complex"," number",[319,2376,2377,2379],{},[30,2378,2158],{}," returns a new value",[319,2381,2382],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2384,367],{},[23,2386,2388],{"className":25,"code":2387,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[30,2389,2390,2403,2419,2423,2433],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2391,2392,2395,2397,2400],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2393,2394],{"class":39},"number ",[33,2396,44],{"class":43},[33,2398,2399],{"class":43}," -",[33,2401,2402],{"class":51},"12\n",[33,2404,2405,2407,2409,2412,2414,2417],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2406,1506],{"class":39},[33,2408,44],{"class":43},[33,2410,2411],{"class":156}," abs",[33,2413,133],{"class":47},[33,2415,2416],{"class":162},"number",[33,2418,143],{"class":47},[33,2420,2421],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2422,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,2424,2425,2427,2429,2431],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,2426,157],{"class":156},[33,2428,133],{"class":47},[33,2430,2416],{"class":162},[33,2432,143],{"class":47},[33,2434,2435,2437,2439,2441],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,2436,157],{"class":156},[33,2438,133],{"class":47},[33,2440,1530],{"class":162},[33,2442,143],{"class":47},[14,2444,207],{},[23,2446,2448],{"className":25,"code":2447,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"-12\n12\n",[30,2449,2450,2456],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2451,2452,2454],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2453,2199],{"class":43},[33,2455,2402],{"class":51},[33,2457,2458],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2459,2402],{"class":51},[14,2461,2462,2463,2465,2466,2469],{},"Notice that ",[30,2464,2416],{}," is still ",[30,2467,2468],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2471,2472,2473,2479],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[273,2474,2476,333],{"href":2475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[30,2477,2478],{},"type()"," can help.",[18,2481,2483],{"id":2482},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2485,2486],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[23,2488,2490],{"className":25,"code":2489,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[30,2491,2492,2508,2523],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2493,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2495,157],{"class":156},[33,2497,133],{"class":47},[33,2499,2194],{"class":156},[33,2501,133],{"class":47},[33,2503,2199],{"class":43},[33,2505,538],{"class":51},[33,2507,733],{"class":47},[33,2509,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2521],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2511,157],{"class":156},[33,2513,133],{"class":47},[33,2515,2194],{"class":156},[33,2517,133],{"class":47},[33,2519,2520],{"class":51},"8",[33,2522,733],{"class":47},[33,2524,2525,2527,2529,2531,2533,2535,2538],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2526,157],{"class":156},[33,2528,133],{"class":47},[33,2530,2194],{"class":156},[33,2532,133],{"class":47},[33,2534,2199],{"class":43},[33,2536,2537],{"class":51},"4.2",[33,2539,733],{"class":47},[14,2541,207],{},[23,2543,2545],{"className":25,"code":2544,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[30,2546,2547,2552,2557],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2548,2549],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2550,2551],{"class":51},"10\n",[33,2553,2554],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2555,2556],{"class":51},"8\n",[33,2558,2559],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2560,2561],{"class":51},"4.2\n",[14,2563,2564],{},"What each line does:",[316,2566,2567,2575,2582],{},[319,2568,2569,2572,2573],{},[30,2570,2571],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[30,2574,538],{},[319,2576,2577,2572,2580],{},[30,2578,2579],{},"abs(8)",[30,2581,2520],{},[319,2583,2584,2572,2587],{},[30,2585,2586],{},"abs(-4.2)",[30,2588,2537],{},[14,2590,2591,2592,310],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[273,2593,2595],{"href":2594},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[18,2597,2599],{"id":2598},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2601,2602,2604],{},[30,2603,2158],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2606,2607,2608,2610],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[30,2609,1114],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2612,367],{},[23,2614,2616],{"className":25,"code":2615,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[30,2617,2618,2635],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2619,2620,2623,2625,2627,2630,2632],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2621,2622],{"class":39},"value ",[33,2624,44],{"class":43},[33,2626,63],{"class":51},[33,2628,2629],{"class":43}," +",[33,2631,1132],{"class":51},[33,2633,2634],{"class":1430},"j\n",[33,2636,2637,2639,2641,2643,2645,2648],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2638,157],{"class":156},[33,2640,133],{"class":47},[33,2642,2194],{"class":156},[33,2644,133],{"class":47},[33,2646,2647],{"class":162},"value",[33,2649,733],{"class":47},[14,2651,207],{},[23,2653,2655],{"className":25,"code":2654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5.0\n",[30,2656,2657],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2658,2659],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2660,2654],{"class":51},[14,2662,2663,2664,2033],{},"Why ",[30,2665,2666],{},"5.0",[316,2668,2669,2674,2680],{},[319,2670,2671,2672],{},"the real part is ",[30,2673,2240],{},[319,2675,2676,2677],{},"the imaginary part is ",[30,2678,2679],{},"4",[319,2681,2682,2683],{},"the magnitude is ",[30,2684,2666],{},[14,2686,2687],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[316,2689,2690,2697],{},[319,2691,2692,2694,2695],{},[30,2693,2158],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[30,2696,2369],{},[319,2698,2699],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[18,2701,2703],{"id":2702},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2705,2706,2707,310],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[30,2708,2158],{},[664,2710,2712],{"id":2711},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2714,2715],{},"A very common pattern is:",[23,2717,2719],{"className":25,"code":2718,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"abs(a - b)\n",[30,2720,2721],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2722,2723,2725,2727,2730,2732,2735],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2724,2194],{"class":156},[33,2726,133],{"class":47},[33,2728,2729],{"class":162},"a ",[33,2731,2199],{"class":43},[33,2733,2734],{"class":162}," b",[33,2736,143],{"class":47},[14,2738,367],{},[23,2740,2742],{"className":25,"code":2741,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[30,2743,2744,2753,2763,2767,2786],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2745,2746,2748,2750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2747,2729],{"class":39},[33,2749,44],{"class":43},[33,2751,2752],{"class":51}," 3\n",[33,2754,2755,2758,2760],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2756,2757],{"class":39},"b ",[33,2759,44],{"class":43},[33,2761,2762],{"class":51}," 10\n",[33,2764,2765],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2766,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,2768,2769,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,2770,2771],{"class":39},"distance ",[33,2773,44],{"class":43},[33,2775,2411],{"class":156},[33,2777,133],{"class":47},[33,2779,2729],{"class":162},[33,2781,2199],{"class":43},[33,2783,2734],{"class":162},[33,2785,143],{"class":47},[33,2787,2788,2790,2792,2795],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,2789,157],{"class":156},[33,2791,133],{"class":47},[33,2793,2794],{"class":162},"distance",[33,2796,143],{"class":47},[14,2798,207],{},[23,2800,2801],{"className":25,"code":2257,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,2802,2803],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2804,2805],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2806,2257],{"class":51},[14,2808,2809],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[664,2811,2813],{"id":2812},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[23,2815,2817],{"className":25,"code":2816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[30,2818,2819,2831],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2820,2821,2824,2826,2828],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2822,2823],{"class":39},"temperature_change ",[33,2825,44],{"class":43},[33,2827,2399],{"class":43},[33,2829,2830],{"class":51},"6\n",[33,2832,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841,2844],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2834,157],{"class":156},[33,2836,133],{"class":47},[33,2838,2194],{"class":156},[33,2840,133],{"class":47},[33,2842,2843],{"class":162},"temperature_change",[33,2845,733],{"class":47},[14,2847,207],{},[23,2849,2850],{"className":25,"code":2830,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,2851,2852],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2853,2854],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2855,2830],{"class":51},[14,2857,2858],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[664,2860,2862],{"id":2861},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2864,2865,2866,2479],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[30,2867,2158],{},[23,2869,2871],{"className":25,"code":2870,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[30,2872,2873,2885,2901,2905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2874,2875,2878,2880,2882],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2876,2877],{"class":39},"balance_change ",[33,2879,44],{"class":43},[33,2881,2399],{"class":43},[33,2883,2884],{"class":51},"25\n",[33,2886,2887,2890,2892,2894,2896,2899],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2888,2889],{"class":39},"safe_value ",[33,2891,44],{"class":43},[33,2893,2411],{"class":156},[33,2895,133],{"class":47},[33,2897,2898],{"class":162},"balance_change",[33,2900,143],{"class":47},[33,2902,2903],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2904,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,2906,2907,2909,2911,2914],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,2908,157],{"class":156},[33,2910,133],{"class":47},[33,2912,2913],{"class":162},"safe_value",[33,2915,143],{"class":47},[14,2917,207],{},[23,2919,2920],{"className":25,"code":2884,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,2921,2922],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2923,2924],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2925,2884],{"class":51},[664,2927,2929],{"id":2928},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[23,2931,2933],{"className":25,"code":2932,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[30,2934,2935,2945,2955,2959,2979],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2936,2937,2940,2942],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2938,2939],{"class":39},"guess ",[33,2941,44],{"class":43},[33,2943,2944],{"class":51}," 42\n",[33,2946,2947,2950,2952],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,2948,2949],{"class":39},"target ",[33,2951,44],{"class":43},[33,2953,2954],{"class":51}," 50\n",[33,2956,2957],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,2958,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,2960,2961,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2977],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,2962,2963],{"class":39},"difference ",[33,2965,44],{"class":43},[33,2967,2411],{"class":156},[33,2969,133],{"class":47},[33,2971,2939],{"class":162},[33,2973,2199],{"class":43},[33,2975,2976],{"class":162}," target",[33,2978,143],{"class":47},[33,2980,2981,2983,2985,2988],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,2982,157],{"class":156},[33,2984,133],{"class":47},[33,2986,2987],{"class":162},"difference",[33,2989,143],{"class":47},[14,2991,207],{},[23,2993,2994],{"className":25,"code":2556,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,2995,2996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,2997,2998],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,2999,2556],{"class":51},[14,3001,3002],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[18,3004,3006],{"id":3005},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[664,3008,3010],{"id":3009},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3012,3013],{},"This causes an error:",[23,3015,3017],{"className":25,"code":3016,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[30,3018,3019],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3020,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3022,157],{"class":156},[33,3024,133],{"class":47},[33,3026,2194],{"class":156},[33,3028,133],{"class":47},[33,3030,80],{"class":79},[33,3032,1085],{"class":83},[33,3034,80],{"class":79},[33,3036,733],{"class":47},[14,3038,3039,3042,3043,3045],{},[30,3040,3041],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[30,3044,2158],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3047,3048,3049,453,3055,3061],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[273,3050,3052],{"href":3051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[30,3053,3054],{},"int()",[273,3056,3058],{"href":3057},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[30,3059,3060],{},"float()",":",[23,3063,3065],{"className":25,"code":3064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[30,3066,3067,3089],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3068,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3070,157],{"class":156},[33,3072,133],{"class":47},[33,3074,2194],{"class":156},[33,3076,133],{"class":47},[33,3078,2366],{"class":129},[33,3080,133],{"class":47},[33,3082,80],{"class":79},[33,3084,1085],{"class":83},[33,3086,80],{"class":79},[33,3088,1890],{"class":47},[33,3090,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3108,3110],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3092,157],{"class":156},[33,3094,133],{"class":47},[33,3096,2194],{"class":156},[33,3098,133],{"class":47},[33,3100,2369],{"class":129},[33,3102,133],{"class":47},[33,3104,80],{"class":79},[33,3106,3107],{"class":83},"-3.2",[33,3109,80],{"class":79},[33,3111,1890],{"class":47},[14,3113,207],{},[23,3115,3117],{"className":25,"code":3116,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5\n3.2\n",[30,3118,3119,3124],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3120,3121],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3122,3123],{"class":51},"5\n",[33,3125,3126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3127,3128],{"class":51},"3.2\n",[14,3130,3131,3132,3135,3136,310],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[30,3133,3134],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[273,3137,3139],{"href":3138},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[664,3141,3143],{"id":3142},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3145,3146],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[23,3148,3150],{"className":25,"code":3149,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[30,3151,3152],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3153,3154,3156,3158,3160,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3173],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3155,157],{"class":156},[33,3157,133],{"class":47},[33,3159,2194],{"class":156},[33,3161,3162],{"class":47},"([",[33,3164,52],{"class":51},[33,3166,55],{"class":47},[33,3168,58],{"class":51},[33,3170,55],{"class":47},[33,3172,63],{"class":51},[33,3174,3175],{"class":47},"]))\n",[14,3177,3178,3179,3182],{},"This raises a ",[30,3180,3181],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[664,3184,3186],{"id":3185},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3188,3189,3191],{},[30,3190,2158],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[23,3193,3195],{"className":25,"code":3194,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[30,3196,3197,3209,3219,3223],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3198,3199,3202,3204,3206],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3200,3201],{"class":39},"x ",[33,3203,44],{"class":43},[33,3205,2399],{"class":43},[33,3207,3208],{"class":51},"9\n",[33,3210,3211,3213,3215,3217],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3212,2194],{"class":156},[33,3214,133],{"class":47},[33,3216,2351],{"class":162},[33,3218,143],{"class":47},[33,3220,3221],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3222,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,3224,3225,3227,3229,3231],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,3226,157],{"class":156},[33,3228,133],{"class":47},[33,3230,2351],{"class":162},[33,3232,143],{"class":47},[14,3234,207],{},[23,3236,3238],{"className":25,"code":3237,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"-9\n",[30,3239,3240],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3241,3242,3244],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3243,2199],{"class":43},[33,3245,3208],{"class":51},[14,3247,3248],{},"If you want to store the result:",[23,3250,3252],{"className":25,"code":3251,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[30,3253,3254,3264,3278,3282],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3255,3256,3258,3260,3262],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3257,3201],{"class":39},[33,3259,44],{"class":43},[33,3261,2399],{"class":43},[33,3263,3208],{"class":51},[33,3265,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3276],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3267,3201],{"class":39},[33,3269,44],{"class":43},[33,3271,2411],{"class":156},[33,3273,133],{"class":47},[33,3275,2351],{"class":162},[33,3277,143],{"class":47},[33,3279,3280],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3281,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,3283,3284,3286,3288,3290],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,3285,157],{"class":156},[33,3287,133],{"class":47},[33,3289,2351],{"class":162},[33,3291,143],{"class":47},[14,3293,207],{},[23,3295,3296],{"className":25,"code":3208,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,3297,3298],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3299,3300],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3301,3208],{"class":51},[664,3303,3305],{"id":3304},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3307,3308,3310],{},[30,3309,2158],{}," does not round numbers.",[23,3312,3314],{"className":25,"code":3313,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[30,3315,3316],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3317,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3319,157],{"class":156},[33,3321,133],{"class":47},[33,3323,2194],{"class":156},[33,3325,133],{"class":47},[33,3327,2199],{"class":43},[33,3329,3330],{"class":51},"4.7",[33,3332,733],{"class":47},[14,3334,207],{},[23,3336,3338],{"className":25,"code":3337,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"4.7\n",[30,3339,3340],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3341,3342],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3343,3337],{"class":51},[14,3345,3346,3347,3349,3350,3352],{},"If you expected ",[30,3348,1085],{},", that is a different operation. ",[30,3351,2158],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[18,3354,3356],{"id":3355},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3358,3359,3361],{},[30,3360,2158],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[316,3363,3364,3371,3378],{},[319,3365,3366,3368,3369],{},[30,3367,2366],{}," input → returns an ",[30,3370,2366],{},[319,3372,3373,3375,3376],{},[30,3374,2369],{}," input → returns a ",[30,3377,2369],{},[319,3379,3380,3375,3382],{},[30,3381,2373],{},[30,3383,2369],{},[14,3385,367],{},[23,3387,3389],{"className":25,"code":3388,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[30,3390,3391,3411,3432],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3392,3393,3395,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405,3407,3409],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3394,157],{"class":156},[33,3396,133],{"class":47},[33,3398,1406],{"class":129},[33,3400,133],{"class":47},[33,3402,2194],{"class":156},[33,3404,133],{"class":47},[33,3406,2199],{"class":43},[33,3408,1085],{"class":51},[33,3410,1890],{"class":47},[33,3412,3413,3415,3417,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427,3430],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3414,157],{"class":156},[33,3416,133],{"class":47},[33,3418,1406],{"class":129},[33,3420,133],{"class":47},[33,3422,2194],{"class":156},[33,3424,133],{"class":47},[33,3426,2199],{"class":43},[33,3428,3429],{"class":51},"3.2",[33,3431,1890],{"class":47},[33,3433,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3435,157],{"class":156},[33,3437,133],{"class":47},[33,3439,1406],{"class":129},[33,3441,133],{"class":47},[33,3443,2194],{"class":156},[33,3445,133],{"class":47},[33,3447,2240],{"class":51},[33,3449,2629],{"class":43},[33,3451,1132],{"class":51},[33,3453,2243],{"class":1430},[33,3455,1890],{"class":47},[14,3457,207],{},[23,3459,3461],{"className":25,"code":3460,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[30,3462,3463,3477,3491],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3464,3465,3467,3469,3471,3473,3475],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3466,1427],{"class":43},[33,3468,1431],{"class":1430},[33,3470,245],{"class":79},[33,3472,2366],{"class":83},[33,3474,236],{"class":79},[33,3476,1441],{"class":43},[33,3478,3479,3481,3483,3485,3487,3489],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3480,1427],{"class":43},[33,3482,1431],{"class":1430},[33,3484,245],{"class":79},[33,3486,2369],{"class":83},[33,3488,236],{"class":79},[33,3490,1441],{"class":43},[33,3492,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501,3503],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3494,1427],{"class":43},[33,3496,1431],{"class":1430},[33,3498,245],{"class":79},[33,3500,2369],{"class":83},[33,3502,236],{"class":79},[33,3504,1441],{"class":43},[14,3506,3507],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3509,3510],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3512,3513],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[23,3515,3517],{"className":25,"code":3516,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[30,3518,3519,3533,3543,3557,3561,3575],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3520,3521,3523,3525,3527,3530],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3522,2622],{"class":39},[33,3524,44],{"class":43},[33,3526,91],{"class":79},[33,3528,3529],{"class":83},"-5",[33,3531,3532],{"class":79},"\"\n",[33,3534,3535,3537,3539,3541],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3536,157],{"class":156},[33,3538,133],{"class":47},[33,3540,2647],{"class":162},[33,3542,143],{"class":47},[33,3544,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3546,157],{"class":156},[33,3548,133],{"class":47},[33,3550,1406],{"class":129},[33,3552,133],{"class":47},[33,3554,2647],{"class":162},[33,3556,733],{"class":47},[33,3558,3559],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,3560,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,3562,3563,3566,3568,3570,3573],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,3564,3565],{"class":39},"user_input ",[33,3567,44],{"class":43},[33,3569,91],{"class":79},[33,3571,3572],{"class":83},"-3.7",[33,3574,3532],{"class":79},[33,3576,3577,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589,3592],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,3578,157],{"class":156},[33,3580,133],{"class":47},[33,3582,2194],{"class":156},[33,3584,133],{"class":47},[33,3586,2369],{"class":129},[33,3588,133],{"class":47},[33,3590,3591],{"class":162},"user_input",[33,3593,1890],{"class":47},[14,3595,207],{},[23,3597,3599],{"className":25,"code":3598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[30,3600,3601,3607,3622],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3602,3603,3605],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3604,2199],{"class":43},[33,3606,3123],{"class":51},[33,3608,3609,3611,3613,3615,3618,3620],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3610,1427],{"class":43},[33,3612,1431],{"class":1430},[33,3614,245],{"class":79},[33,3616,3617],{"class":83},"str",[33,3619,236],{"class":79},[33,3621,1441],{"class":43},[33,3623,3624],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3625,3626],{"class":51},"3.7\n",[18,3628,1961],{"id":1960},[664,3630,3632],{"id":3631},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3634,3635],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[664,3637,3639],{"id":3638},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3641,3642],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[664,3644,3646],{"id":3645},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3648,3649],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[664,3651,3653],{"id":3652},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3655,3656,3658,3659,453,3661,3663,3664,310],{},[30,3657,3134],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[30,3660,3054],{},[30,3662,3060],{}," before using ",[30,3665,2158],{},[664,3667,3669],{"id":3668},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3671,3672],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[18,3674,2045],{"id":2044},[316,3676,3677,3684,3690,3696,3701],{},[319,3678,3679],{},[273,3680,3681,3683],{"href":3051},[30,3682,3054],{}," function explained",[319,3685,3686],{},[273,3687,3688,3683],{"href":3057},[30,3689,3060],{},[319,3691,3692],{},[273,3693,3694,3683],{"href":2475},[30,3695,2478],{},[319,3697,3698],{},[273,3699,3700],{"href":3138},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[319,3702,3703],{},[273,3704,2595],{"href":2594},[2097,3706,3707],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":3709},[3710,3711,3712,3713,3714,3715,3721,3727,3728,3735],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":2275,"depth":69,"text":2276},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":2482,"depth":69,"text":2483},{"id":2598,"depth":69,"text":2599},{"id":2702,"depth":69,"text":2703,"children":3716},[3717,3718,3719,3720],{"id":2711,"depth":110,"text":2712},{"id":2812,"depth":110,"text":2813},{"id":2861,"depth":110,"text":2862},{"id":2928,"depth":110,"text":2929},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":3722},[3723,3724,3725,3726],{"id":3009,"depth":110,"text":3010},{"id":3142,"depth":110,"text":3143},{"id":3185,"depth":110,"text":3186},{"id":3304,"depth":110,"text":3305},{"id":3355,"depth":69,"text":3356},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":3729},[3730,3731,3732,3733,3734],{"id":3631,"depth":110,"text":3632},{"id":3638,"depth":110,"text":3639},{"id":3645,"depth":110,"text":3646},{"id":3652,"depth":110,"text":3653},{"id":3668,"depth":110,"text":3669},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2147,"description":3736},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3743,"title":3744,"body":3745,"description":5435,"extension":2138,"meta":5436,"navigation":149,"path":5437,"seo":5438,"stem":5439,"__hash__":5440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3746,"toc":5399},[3747,3753,3759,3762,3779,3781,3835,3845,3852,3856,3875,3878,3895,3898,3902,3910,3927,3930,3969,3972,3979,3985,4060,4062,4091,4097,4101,4105,4144,4146,4155,4162,4166,4205,4207,4216,4226,4230,4283,4285,4293,4296,4299,4346,4348,4356,4362,4369,4374,4377,4380,4447,4449,4457,4460,4527,4529,4537,4551,4554,4565,4569,4575,4578,4580,4596,4598,4606,4609,4612,4615,4632,4635,4638,4668,4670,4683,4685,4689,4692,4706,4711,4714,4741,4748,4751,4791,4798,4804,4812,4815,4867,4874,4938,4943,4952,4955,4973,4979,4982,5124,5130,5135,5138,5149,5152,5206,5208,5216,5219,5278,5280,5288,5291,5302,5304,5310,5319,5328,5331,5338,5341,5349,5362,5364,5396],[10,3748,2076,3750,2079],{"id":3749},"python-all-function-explained",[30,3751,3752],{},"all()",[14,3754,3755,3756,3758],{},"Python’s ",[30,3757,3752],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3760,3761],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[316,3763,3764,3767,3770],{},[319,3765,3766],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[319,3768,3769],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[319,3771,3772,2572,3775,3778],{},[30,3773,3774],{},"all([])",[30,3776,3777],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[18,3780,21],{"id":20},[23,3782,3784],{"className":25,"code":3783,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[30,3785,3786,3806,3821],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3787,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3789,40],{"class":39},[33,3791,44],{"class":43},[33,3793,48],{"class":47},[33,3795,52],{"class":51},[33,3797,55],{"class":47},[33,3799,58],{"class":51},[33,3801,55],{"class":47},[33,3803,63],{"class":51},[33,3805,66],{"class":47},[33,3807,3808,3810,3812,3815,3817,3819],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,3809,1506],{"class":39},[33,3811,44],{"class":43},[33,3813,3814],{"class":156}," all",[33,3816,133],{"class":47},[33,3818,163],{"class":162},[33,3820,143],{"class":47},[33,3822,3823,3825,3827,3829,3832],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,3824,157],{"class":156},[33,3826,133],{"class":47},[33,3828,1530],{"class":162},[33,3830,3831],{"class":47},")",[33,3833,3834],{"class":1308},"  # True\n",[14,3836,3837,2572,3839,3841,3842,310],{},[30,3838,3752],{},[30,3840,3777],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[30,3843,3844],{},"False",[18,3846,3848,3849,3851],{"id":3847},"what-all-does","What ",[30,3850,3752],{}," does",[14,3853,3854,3061],{},[30,3855,3752],{},[316,3857,3858,3861,3867,3872],{},[319,3859,3860],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[319,3862,3863,3864,3866],{},"returns ",[30,3865,3777],{}," if all items are truthy",[319,3868,3863,3869,3871],{},[30,3870,3844],{}," if any item is falsy",[319,3873,3874],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3876,3877],{},"Basic syntax:",[23,3879,3881],{"className":25,"code":3880,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"all(iterable)\n",[30,3882,3883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3884,3885,3888,3890,3893],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3886,3887],{"class":156},"all",[33,3889,133],{"class":47},[33,3891,3892],{"class":162},"iterable",[33,3894,143],{"class":47},[14,3896,3897],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[18,3899,3901],{"id":3900},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3903,3904,3905,453,3907,3909],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[30,3906,3777],{},[30,3908,3844],{}," in conditions.",[316,3911,3912,3920],{},[319,3913,3914,3917,3918],{},[205,3915,3916],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[30,3919,3777],{},[319,3921,3922,3917,3925],{},[205,3923,3924],{},"Falsy",[30,3926,3844],{},[14,3928,3929],{},"Common falsy values include:",[316,3931,3932,3936,3941,3946,3951,3955,3959,3964],{},[319,3933,3934],{},[30,3935,1114],{},[319,3937,3938],{},[30,3939,3940],{},"0.0",[319,3942,3943],{},[30,3944,3945],{},"''",[319,3947,3948],{},[30,3949,3950],{},"None",[319,3952,3953],{},[30,3954,3844],{},[319,3956,3957],{},[30,3958,301],{},[319,3960,3961],{},[30,3962,3963],{},"{}",[319,3965,3966],{},[30,3967,3968],{},"set()",[14,3970,3971],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3973,3974,3975,310],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[273,3976,3978],{"href":3977},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3980,3981,3982,3061],{},"You can test this with ",[30,3983,3984],{},"bool()",[23,3986,3988],{"className":25,"code":3987,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[30,3989,3990,4025,4029],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,3991,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4005,4007,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4023],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,3993,1071],{"class":39},[33,3995,44],{"class":43},[33,3997,48],{"class":47},[33,3999,52],{"class":51},[33,4001,55],{"class":47},[33,4003,4004],{"class":51}," 0",[33,4006,55],{"class":47},[33,4008,4009],{"class":79}," ''",[33,4011,55],{"class":47},[33,4013,245],{"class":79},[33,4015,545],{"class":83},[33,4017,236],{"class":79},[33,4019,55],{"class":47},[33,4021,4022],{"class":398}," None",[33,4024,66],{"class":47},[33,4026,4027],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4028,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,4030,4031,4033,4035,4038,4040,4042,4044,4048,4051,4054,4057],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,4032,157],{"class":156},[33,4034,3162],{"class":47},[33,4036,4037],{"class":129},"bool",[33,4039,133],{"class":47},[33,4041,2351],{"class":162},[33,4043,3831],{"class":47},[33,4045,4047],{"class":4046},"sVHd0"," for",[33,4049,4050],{"class":162}," x ",[33,4052,4053],{"class":4046},"in",[33,4055,4056],{"class":162}," values",[33,4058,4059],{"class":47},"])\n",[14,4061,207],{},[23,4063,4065],{"className":25,"code":4064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[30,4066,4067],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4068,4069,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4070,217],{"class":47},[33,4072,3777],{"class":398},[33,4074,55],{"class":47},[33,4076,552],{"class":398},[33,4078,55],{"class":47},[33,4080,552],{"class":398},[33,4082,55],{"class":47},[33,4084,399],{"class":398},[33,4086,55],{"class":47},[33,4088,552],{"class":398},[33,4090,66],{"class":47},[14,4092,4093,4094,4096],{},"This matters because ",[30,4095,3752],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[18,4098,4100],{"id":4099},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[664,4102,4104],{"id":4103},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[23,4106,4108],{"className":25,"code":4107,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[30,4109,4110,4130],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4111,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4113,40],{"class":39},[33,4115,44],{"class":43},[33,4117,48],{"class":47},[33,4119,52],{"class":51},[33,4121,55],{"class":47},[33,4123,58],{"class":51},[33,4125,55],{"class":47},[33,4127,63],{"class":51},[33,4129,66],{"class":47},[33,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4133,157],{"class":156},[33,4135,133],{"class":47},[33,4137,3887],{"class":156},[33,4139,133],{"class":47},[33,4141,163],{"class":162},[33,4143,733],{"class":47},[14,4145,207],{},[23,4147,4149],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\n",[30,4150,4151],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4152,4153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4154,4148],{"class":398},[14,4156,4157,4158,2572,4160,310],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[30,4159,3752],{},[30,4161,3777],{},[664,4163,4165],{"id":4164},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[23,4167,4169],{"className":25,"code":4168,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[30,4170,4171,4191],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4172,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4174,40],{"class":39},[33,4176,44],{"class":43},[33,4178,48],{"class":47},[33,4180,52],{"class":51},[33,4182,55],{"class":47},[33,4184,4004],{"class":51},[33,4186,55],{"class":47},[33,4188,63],{"class":51},[33,4190,66],{"class":47},[33,4192,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4194,157],{"class":156},[33,4196,133],{"class":47},[33,4198,3887],{"class":156},[33,4200,133],{"class":47},[33,4202,163],{"class":162},[33,4204,733],{"class":47},[14,4206,207],{},[23,4208,4210],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"False\n",[30,4211,4212],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4213,4214],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4215,4209],{"class":398},[14,4217,4218,4219,4221,4222,2572,4224,310],{},"The value ",[30,4220,1114],{}," is falsy, so ",[30,4223,3752],{},[30,4225,3844],{},[664,4227,4229],{"id":4228},"example-strings","Example: strings",[23,4231,4233],{"className":25,"code":4232,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[30,4234,4235,4269],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4236,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4256,4258,4260,4262,4265,4267],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4238,1655],{"class":39},[33,4240,44],{"class":43},[33,4242,48],{"class":47},[33,4244,236],{"class":79},[33,4246,386],{"class":83},[33,4248,236],{"class":79},[33,4250,55],{"class":47},[33,4252,245],{"class":79},[33,4254,4255],{"class":83},"banana",[33,4257,236],{"class":79},[33,4259,55],{"class":47},[33,4261,245],{"class":79},[33,4263,4264],{"class":83},"cherry",[33,4266,236],{"class":79},[33,4268,66],{"class":47},[33,4270,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4272,157],{"class":156},[33,4274,133],{"class":47},[33,4276,3887],{"class":156},[33,4278,133],{"class":47},[33,4280,1680],{"class":162},[33,4282,733],{"class":47},[14,4284,207],{},[23,4286,4287],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4288,4289],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4290,4291],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4292,4148],{"class":398},[14,4294,4295],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4297,4298],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[23,4300,4302],{"className":25,"code":4301,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[30,4303,4304,4332],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4305,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328,4330],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4307,1655],{"class":39},[33,4309,44],{"class":43},[33,4311,48],{"class":47},[33,4313,236],{"class":79},[33,4315,386],{"class":83},[33,4317,236],{"class":79},[33,4319,55],{"class":47},[33,4321,4009],{"class":79},[33,4323,55],{"class":47},[33,4325,245],{"class":79},[33,4327,4264],{"class":83},[33,4329,236],{"class":79},[33,4331,66],{"class":47},[33,4333,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4335,157],{"class":156},[33,4337,133],{"class":47},[33,4339,3887],{"class":156},[33,4341,133],{"class":47},[33,4343,1680],{"class":162},[33,4345,733],{"class":47},[14,4347,207],{},[23,4349,4350],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4351,4352],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4353,4354],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4355,4209],{"class":398},[14,4357,4358,4359,4361],{},"The empty string ",[30,4360,3945],{}," is falsy.",[18,4363,4365,4366,4368],{"id":4364},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[30,4367,3752],{}," works with conditions",[14,4370,4371,4373],{},[30,4372,3752],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4375,4376],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4378,4379],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[23,4381,4383],{"className":25,"code":4382,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,4384,4385,4405,4433,4437],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4386,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4388,40],{"class":39},[33,4390,44],{"class":43},[33,4392,48],{"class":47},[33,4394,52],{"class":51},[33,4396,55],{"class":47},[33,4398,58],{"class":51},[33,4400,55],{"class":47},[33,4402,63],{"class":51},[33,4404,66],{"class":47},[33,4406,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4431],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4408,1506],{"class":39},[33,4410,44],{"class":43},[33,4412,3814],{"class":156},[33,4414,133],{"class":47},[33,4416,3201],{"class":162},[33,4418,4419],{"class":43},">",[33,4421,4004],{"class":51},[33,4423,4047],{"class":4046},[33,4425,4050],{"class":162},[33,4427,4053],{"class":4046},[33,4429,4430],{"class":162}," numbers",[33,4432,143],{"class":47},[33,4434,4435],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,4436,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,4438,4439,4441,4443,4445],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,4440,157],{"class":156},[33,4442,133],{"class":47},[33,4444,1530],{"class":162},[33,4446,143],{"class":47},[14,4448,207],{},[23,4450,4451],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4452,4453],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4454,4455],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4456,4148],{"class":398},[14,4458,4459],{},"Here is one that fails:",[23,4461,4463],{"className":25,"code":4462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,4464,4465,4487,4513,4517],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4466,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4468,40],{"class":39},[33,4470,44],{"class":43},[33,4472,48],{"class":47},[33,4474,52],{"class":51},[33,4476,55],{"class":47},[33,4478,2399],{"class":43},[33,4480,2234],{"class":51},[33,4482,55],{"class":47},[33,4484,63],{"class":51},[33,4486,66],{"class":47},[33,4488,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4490,1506],{"class":39},[33,4492,44],{"class":43},[33,4494,3814],{"class":156},[33,4496,133],{"class":47},[33,4498,3201],{"class":162},[33,4500,4419],{"class":43},[33,4502,4004],{"class":51},[33,4504,4047],{"class":4046},[33,4506,4050],{"class":162},[33,4508,4053],{"class":4046},[33,4510,4430],{"class":162},[33,4512,143],{"class":47},[33,4514,4515],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,4516,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,4518,4519,4521,4523,4525],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,4520,157],{"class":156},[33,4522,133],{"class":47},[33,4524,1530],{"class":162},[33,4526,143],{"class":47},[14,4528,207],{},[23,4530,4531],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4532,4533],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4534,4535],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4536,4209],{"class":398},[14,4538,4539,4540,4543,4544,4546,4547,2572,4549,310],{},"The expression ",[30,4541,4542],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[30,4545,3777],{},", then ",[30,4548,3752],{},[30,4550,3777],{},[14,4552,4553],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4555,4556,4557,2030,4561,310],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[273,4558,4560],{"href":4559},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[273,4562,4564],{"href":4563},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[18,4566,4568],{"id":4567},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4570,4571,2572,4573,310],{},[30,4572,3774],{},[30,4574,3777],{},[14,4576,4577],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4579,367],{},[23,4581,4583],{"className":25,"code":4582,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all([]))\n",[30,4584,4585],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4586,4587,4589,4591,4593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4588,157],{"class":156},[33,4590,133],{"class":47},[33,4592,3887],{"class":156},[33,4594,4595],{"class":47},"([]))\n",[14,4597,207],{},[23,4599,4600],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4601,4602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4603,4604],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4605,4148],{"class":398},[14,4607,4608],{},"Why?",[14,4610,4611],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4613,4614],{},"Think of it this way:",[316,4616,4617,4624,4627],{},[319,4618,4619,2572,4621,4623],{},[30,4620,3752],{},[30,4622,3844],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[319,4625,4626],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[319,4628,4629,4630],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[30,4631,3844],{},[14,4633,4634],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4636,4637],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[23,4639,4641],{"className":25,"code":4640,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[30,4642,4643,4654],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4644,4645,4647,4649,4651],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4646,157],{"class":156},[33,4648,133],{"class":47},[33,4650,3887],{"class":156},[33,4652,4653],{"class":47},"(()))\n",[33,4655,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4657,157],{"class":156},[33,4659,133],{"class":47},[33,4661,3887],{"class":156},[33,4663,133],{"class":47},[33,4665,3945],{"class":79},[33,4667,733],{"class":47},[14,4669,207],{},[23,4671,4673],{"className":25,"code":4672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nTrue\n",[30,4674,4675,4679],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4676,4677],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4678,4148],{"class":398},[33,4680,4681],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4682,4148],{"class":398},[18,4684,1288],{"id":1287},[664,4686,4688],{"id":4687},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4690,4691],{},"This is wrong:",[23,4693,4695],{"className":25,"code":4694,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[30,4696,4697,4701],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4698,4699],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4700,1309],{"class":1308},[33,4702,4703],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4704,4705],{"class":1308},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4707,4708,4710],{},[30,4709,3752],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4712,4713],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[23,4715,4717],{"className":25,"code":4716,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[30,4718,4719],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4720,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4722,157],{"class":156},[33,4724,133],{"class":47},[33,4726,3887],{"class":156},[33,4728,3162],{"class":47},[33,4730,52],{"class":51},[33,4732,55],{"class":47},[33,4734,58],{"class":51},[33,4736,55],{"class":47},[33,4738,63],{"class":51},[33,4740,3175],{"class":47},[664,4742,4744,4745,4747],{"id":4743},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[30,4746,3752],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4749,4750],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[23,4752,4754],{"className":25,"code":4753,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[30,4755,4756,4777],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4757,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4771,4773,4775],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4759,40],{"class":39},[33,4761,44],{"class":43},[33,4763,48],{"class":47},[33,4765,1085],{"class":51},[33,4767,55],{"class":47},[33,4769,4770],{"class":51}," 5",[33,4772,55],{"class":47},[33,4774,4770],{"class":51},[33,4776,66],{"class":47},[33,4778,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4780,157],{"class":156},[33,4782,133],{"class":47},[33,4784,3887],{"class":156},[33,4786,133],{"class":47},[33,4788,163],{"class":162},[33,4790,733],{"class":47},[14,4792,4793,4794,4797],{},"This does ",[205,4795,4796],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4799,4800,4801,4803],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[30,4802,1085],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[23,4805,4806],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,4807,4808],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4809,4810],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4811,4148],{"class":398},[14,4813,4814],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[23,4816,4818],{"className":25,"code":4817,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[30,4819,4820,4840],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4821,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4823,40],{"class":39},[33,4825,44],{"class":43},[33,4827,48],{"class":47},[33,4829,1085],{"class":51},[33,4831,55],{"class":47},[33,4833,4770],{"class":51},[33,4835,55],{"class":47},[33,4837,4770],{"class":51},[33,4839,66],{"class":47},[33,4841,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4843,157],{"class":156},[33,4845,133],{"class":47},[33,4847,3887],{"class":156},[33,4849,133],{"class":47},[33,4851,3201],{"class":162},[33,4853,4854],{"class":43},"==",[33,4856,4770],{"class":51},[33,4858,4047],{"class":4046},[33,4860,4050],{"class":162},[33,4862,4053],{"class":4046},[33,4864,4430],{"class":162},[33,4866,733],{"class":47},[664,4868,4870,4871,4873],{"id":4869},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[30,4872,1114],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[23,4875,4877],{"className":25,"code":4876,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[30,4878,4879,4905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4880,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4902],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4882,157],{"class":156},[33,4884,133],{"class":47},[33,4886,3887],{"class":156},[33,4888,3162],{"class":47},[33,4890,52],{"class":51},[33,4892,55],{"class":47},[33,4894,58],{"class":51},[33,4896,55],{"class":47},[33,4898,4004],{"class":51},[33,4900,4901],{"class":47},"]))",[33,4903,4904],{"class":1308},"       # False\n",[33,4906,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4935],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,4908,157],{"class":156},[33,4910,133],{"class":47},[33,4912,3887],{"class":156},[33,4914,3162],{"class":47},[33,4916,236],{"class":79},[33,4918,273],{"class":83},[33,4920,236],{"class":79},[33,4922,55],{"class":47},[33,4924,245],{"class":79},[33,4926,282],{"class":83},[33,4928,236],{"class":79},[33,4930,55],{"class":47},[33,4932,4009],{"class":79},[33,4934,4901],{"class":47},[33,4936,4937],{"class":1308},"  # False\n",[14,4939,4940,4941,310],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[30,4942,3844],{},[664,4944,4946,4947,4949,4950],{"id":4945},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[30,4948,3774],{}," is ",[30,4951,3777],{},[14,4953,4954],{},"This is expected behavior:",[23,4956,4958],{"className":25,"code":4957,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[30,4959,4960],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4961,4962,4964,4966,4968,4971],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4963,157],{"class":156},[33,4965,133],{"class":47},[33,4967,3887],{"class":156},[33,4969,4970],{"class":47},"([]))",[33,4972,3834],{"class":1308},[14,4974,4975,4976,4978],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[30,4977,3777],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4980,4981],{},"Useful quick tests:",[23,4983,4985],{"className":25,"code":4984,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[30,4986,4987,5009,5031,5078,5114],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,4988,4989,4991,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,4990,157],{"class":156},[33,4992,133],{"class":47},[33,4994,3887],{"class":156},[33,4996,3162],{"class":47},[33,4998,52],{"class":51},[33,5000,55],{"class":47},[33,5002,58],{"class":51},[33,5004,55],{"class":47},[33,5006,63],{"class":51},[33,5008,3175],{"class":47},[33,5010,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5012,157],{"class":156},[33,5014,133],{"class":47},[33,5016,3887],{"class":156},[33,5018,3162],{"class":47},[33,5020,52],{"class":51},[33,5022,55],{"class":47},[33,5024,4004],{"class":51},[33,5026,55],{"class":47},[33,5028,63],{"class":51},[33,5030,3175],{"class":47},[33,5032,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071,5073,5075],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,5034,157],{"class":156},[33,5036,3162],{"class":47},[33,5038,4037],{"class":129},[33,5040,133],{"class":47},[33,5042,2351],{"class":162},[33,5044,3831],{"class":47},[33,5046,4047],{"class":4046},[33,5048,4050],{"class":162},[33,5050,4053],{"class":4046},[33,5052,48],{"class":47},[33,5054,52],{"class":51},[33,5056,55],{"class":47},[33,5058,4004],{"class":51},[33,5060,55],{"class":47},[33,5062,4009],{"class":79},[33,5064,55],{"class":47},[33,5066,245],{"class":79},[33,5068,545],{"class":83},[33,5070,236],{"class":79},[33,5072,55],{"class":47},[33,5074,4022],{"class":398},[33,5076,5077],{"class":47},"]])\n",[33,5079,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,5081,157],{"class":156},[33,5083,133],{"class":47},[33,5085,3887],{"class":156},[33,5087,133],{"class":47},[33,5089,3201],{"class":162},[33,5091,4419],{"class":43},[33,5093,4004],{"class":51},[33,5095,4047],{"class":4046},[33,5097,4050],{"class":162},[33,5099,4053],{"class":4046},[33,5101,48],{"class":47},[33,5103,52],{"class":51},[33,5105,55],{"class":47},[33,5107,58],{"class":51},[33,5109,55],{"class":47},[33,5111,63],{"class":51},[33,5113,3175],{"class":47},[33,5115,5116,5118,5120,5122],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,5117,157],{"class":156},[33,5119,133],{"class":47},[33,5121,3887],{"class":156},[33,5123,4595],{"class":47},[18,5125,5127,5128],{"id":5126},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[30,5129,3752],{},[14,5131,5132,5134],{},[30,5133,3752],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5136,5137],{},"Common use cases:",[316,5139,5140,5143,5146],{},[319,5141,5142],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[319,5144,5145],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[319,5147,5148],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5150,5151],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[23,5153,5155],{"className":25,"code":5154,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[30,5156,5157,5192],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5158,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5170,5172,5174,5176,5179,5181,5183,5185,5188,5190],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5160,72],{"class":39},[33,5162,44],{"class":43},[33,5164,48],{"class":47},[33,5166,236],{"class":79},[33,5168,5169],{"class":83},"Alice",[33,5171,236],{"class":79},[33,5173,55],{"class":47},[33,5175,245],{"class":79},[33,5177,5178],{"class":83},"Bob",[33,5180,236],{"class":79},[33,5182,55],{"class":47},[33,5184,245],{"class":79},[33,5186,5187],{"class":83},"Charlie",[33,5189,236],{"class":79},[33,5191,66],{"class":47},[33,5193,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5195,157],{"class":156},[33,5197,133],{"class":47},[33,5199,3887],{"class":156},[33,5201,133],{"class":47},[33,5203,175],{"class":162},[33,5205,733],{"class":47},[14,5207,207],{},[23,5209,5210],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,5211,5212],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5213,5214],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5215,4148],{"class":398},[14,5217,5218],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[23,5220,5222],{"className":25,"code":5221,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[30,5223,5224,5248],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5225,5226,5229,5231,5233,5236,5238,5241,5243,5246],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5227,5228],{"class":39},"scores ",[33,5230,44],{"class":43},[33,5232,48],{"class":47},[33,5234,5235],{"class":51},"75",[33,5237,55],{"class":47},[33,5239,5240],{"class":51}," 80",[33,5242,55],{"class":47},[33,5244,5245],{"class":51}," 50",[33,5247,66],{"class":47},[33,5249,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5261,5264,5266,5268,5271,5273,5276],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5251,157],{"class":156},[33,5253,133],{"class":47},[33,5255,3887],{"class":156},[33,5257,133],{"class":47},[33,5259,5260],{"class":162},"score ",[33,5262,5263],{"class":43},">=",[33,5265,5245],{"class":51},[33,5267,4047],{"class":4046},[33,5269,5270],{"class":162}," score ",[33,5272,4053],{"class":4046},[33,5274,5275],{"class":162}," scores",[33,5277,733],{"class":47},[14,5279,207],{},[23,5281,5282],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,5283,5284],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5285,5286],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5287,4148],{"class":398},[14,5289,5290],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5292,5293,5294,2030,5298,310],{},"For related tasks, see ",[273,5295,5297],{"href":5296},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[273,5299,5301],{"href":5300},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[18,5303,1961],{"id":1960},[664,5305,2007,5307,5309],{"id":5306},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[30,5308,3752],{}," return in Python?",[14,5311,5312,5313,5315,5316,5318],{},"It returns ",[30,5314,3777],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[30,5317,3844],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[664,5320,5322,5323,5325,5326,2033],{"id":5321},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[30,5324,3774],{}," return ",[30,5327,3777],{},[14,5329,5330],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[664,5332,5334,5335,5337],{"id":5333},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[30,5336,3752],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5339,5340],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[664,5342,2027,5344,2030,5346,2033],{"id":5343},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[30,5345,3752],{},[30,5347,5348],{},"any()",[14,5350,5351,5353,5354,5356,5357,310],{},[30,5352,3752],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[30,5355,5348],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[273,5358,2076,5360,3683],{"href":5359},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[30,5361,5348],{},[18,5363,2045],{"id":2044},[316,5365,5366,5372,5376,5381,5386,5391],{},[319,5367,5368],{},[273,5369,2076,5370,3683],{"href":5359},[30,5371,5348],{},[319,5373,5374],{},[273,5375,3978],{"href":3977},[319,5377,5378],{},[273,5379,5380],{"href":5300},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[319,5382,5383],{},[273,5384,5385],{"href":5296},"How to filter a list in Python",[319,5387,5388],{},[273,5389,5390],{"href":4559},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[319,5392,5393],{},[273,5394,5395],{"href":4563},"What is an iterable in Python",[2097,5397,5398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":5400},[5401,5402,5404,5405,5410,5412,5413,5422,5424,5434],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":3847,"depth":69,"text":5403},"What all() does",{"id":3900,"depth":69,"text":3901},{"id":4099,"depth":69,"text":4100,"children":5406},[5407,5408,5409],{"id":4103,"depth":110,"text":4104},{"id":4164,"depth":110,"text":4165},{"id":4228,"depth":110,"text":4229},{"id":4364,"depth":69,"text":5411},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4567,"depth":69,"text":4568},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":5414},[5415,5416,5418,5420],{"id":4687,"depth":110,"text":4688},{"id":4743,"depth":110,"text":5417},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4869,"depth":110,"text":5419},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4945,"depth":110,"text":5421},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5126,"depth":69,"text":5423},"When to use all()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":5425},[5426,5428,5430,5432],{"id":5306,"depth":110,"text":5427},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5321,"depth":110,"text":5429},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5333,"depth":110,"text":5431},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5343,"depth":110,"text":5433},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3744,"description":5435},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5442,"title":5443,"body":5444,"description":7126,"extension":2138,"meta":7127,"navigation":149,"path":5359,"seo":7128,"stem":7129,"__hash__":7130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5445,"toc":7104},[5446,5449,5457,5460,5474,5482,5525,5534,5538,5543,5546,5563,5566,5577,5589,5593,5596,5611,5616,5618,5630,5633,5716,5719,5740,5746,5748,5756,5770,5772,5806,5808,5811,5872,5874,5891,5894,5921,5923,5931,5943,5947,5950,5989,5991,5999,6001,6017,6025,6028,6071,6073,6081,6086,6090,6098,6101,6128,6131,6134,6207,6209,6217,6224,6248,6259,6262,6341,6343,6351,6358,6362,6367,6382,6384,6392,6395,6401,6404,6450,6452,6469,6473,6478,6489,6492,6604,6607,6666,6672,6674,6679,6683,6685,6704,6710,6713,6732,6736,6745,6772,6774,6782,6790,6794,6800,6823,6825,6833,6840,6844,6847,6898,6901,6952,6955,6957,6961,6968,6972,6979,6983,6991,6995,6998,7020,7022,7072,7074,7101],[10,5447,5443],{"id":5448},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5450,5451,5453,5454,310],{},[30,5452,5348],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[205,5455,5456],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5458,5459],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[316,5461,5462,5465,5467,5469,5471],{},[319,5463,5464],{},"lists",[319,5466,909],{},[319,5468,912],{},[319,5470,906],{},[319,5472,5473],{},"generator expressions",[14,5475,5476,5477,453,5479,5481],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[30,5478,3777],{},[30,5480,3844],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[23,5483,5485],{"className":25,"code":5484,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[30,5486,5487,5507],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5488,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5490,1071],{"class":39},[33,5492,44],{"class":43},[33,5494,48],{"class":47},[33,5496,1114],{"class":51},[33,5498,55],{"class":47},[33,5500,4009],{"class":79},[33,5502,55],{"class":47},[33,5504,4770],{"class":51},[33,5506,66],{"class":47},[33,5508,5509,5511,5513,5516,5518,5520,5523],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5510,157],{"class":156},[33,5512,133],{"class":47},[33,5514,5515],{"class":156},"any",[33,5517,133],{"class":47},[33,5519,1096],{"class":162},[33,5521,5522],{"class":47},"))",[33,5524,3834],{"class":1308},[14,5526,672,5527,5530,5531,5533],{},[30,5528,5529],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[30,5532,3777],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[18,5535,5537],{"id":5536},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5539,5540,5542],{},[30,5541,5348],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5544,5545],{},"It returns:",[316,5547,5548,5553,5558],{},[319,5549,5550,5552],{},[30,5551,3777],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[319,5554,5555,5557],{},[30,5556,3844],{}," if all items are falsy",[319,5559,5560,5562],{},[30,5561,3844],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5564,5565],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[316,5567,5568,5571,5574],{},[319,5569,5570],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[319,5572,5573],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[319,5575,5576],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5578,5579,5580,5583,5584,310],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[205,5581,5582],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[273,5585,5587],{"href":5586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[30,5588,3752],{},[18,5590,5592],{"id":5591},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5594,5595],{},"The syntax is simple:",[23,5597,5599],{"className":25,"code":5598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"any(iterable)\n",[30,5600,5601],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5602,5603,5605,5607,5609],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5604,5515],{"class":156},[33,5606,133],{"class":47},[33,5608,3892],{"class":162},[33,5610,143],{"class":47},[14,5612,5613,5614,310],{},"The argument must be an ",[205,5615,3892],{},[14,5617,901],{},[316,5619,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628],{},[319,5621,5464],{},[319,5623,909],{},[319,5625,912],{},[319,5627,906],{},[319,5629,5473],{},[14,5631,5632],{},"For example:",[23,5634,5636],{"className":25,"code":5635,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[30,5637,5638,5660,5678,5698],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5639,5640,5642,5644,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5641,157],{"class":156},[33,5643,133],{"class":47},[33,5645,5515],{"class":156},[33,5647,3162],{"class":47},[33,5649,1114],{"class":51},[33,5651,55],{"class":47},[33,5653,4004],{"class":51},[33,5655,55],{"class":47},[33,5657,1119],{"class":51},[33,5659,3175],{"class":47},[33,5661,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5663,157],{"class":156},[33,5665,133],{"class":47},[33,5667,5515],{"class":156},[33,5669,1010],{"class":47},[33,5671,3844],{"class":398},[33,5673,55],{"class":47},[33,5675,552],{"class":398},[33,5677,1890],{"class":47},[33,5679,5680,5682,5684,5686,5689,5691,5693,5695],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,5681,157],{"class":156},[33,5683,133],{"class":47},[33,5685,5515],{"class":156},[33,5687,5688],{"class":47},"({",[33,5690,1114],{"class":51},[33,5692,55],{"class":47},[33,5694,58],{"class":51},[33,5696,5697],{"class":47},"}))\n",[33,5699,5700,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,5701,157],{"class":156},[33,5703,133],{"class":47},[33,5705,5515],{"class":156},[33,5707,133],{"class":47},[33,5709,80],{"class":79},[33,5711,545],{"class":83},[33,5713,80],{"class":79},[33,5715,733],{"class":47},[14,5717,5718],{},"Expected output:",[23,5720,5722],{"className":25,"code":5721,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[30,5723,5724,5728,5732,5736],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5725,5726],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5727,4148],{"class":398},[33,5729,5730],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5731,4209],{"class":398},[33,5733,5734],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,5735,4148],{"class":398},[33,5737,5738],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,5739,4148],{"class":398},[14,5741,5742,5743,310],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[273,5744,5301],{"href":5745},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[18,5747,3901],{"id":3900},[14,5749,3904,5750,453,5753,3909],{},[205,5751,5752],{},"truthy",[205,5754,5755],{},"falsy",[316,5757,5758,5764],{},[319,5759,5760,3917,5762],{},[205,5761,3916],{},[30,5763,3777],{},[319,5765,5766,3917,5768],{},[205,5767,3924],{},[30,5769,3844],{},[14,5771,3929],{},[316,5773,5774,5778,5782,5786,5790,5794,5798,5802],{},[319,5775,5776],{},[30,5777,3844],{},[319,5779,5780],{},[30,5781,1114],{},[319,5783,5784],{},[30,5785,3940],{},[319,5787,5788],{},[30,5789,3945],{},[319,5791,5792],{},[30,5793,301],{},[319,5795,5796],{},[30,5797,3963],{},[319,5799,5800],{},[30,5801,3968],{},[319,5803,5804],{},[30,5805,3950],{},[14,5807,3971],{},[14,5809,5810],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[23,5812,5814],{"className":25,"code":5813,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[30,5815,5816,5830,5848],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5817,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5819,157],{"class":156},[33,5821,133],{"class":47},[33,5823,5515],{"class":156},[33,5825,3162],{"class":47},[33,5827,52],{"class":51},[33,5829,3175],{"class":47},[33,5831,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5842,5844,5846],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5833,157],{"class":156},[33,5835,133],{"class":47},[33,5837,5515],{"class":156},[33,5839,3162],{"class":47},[33,5841,236],{"class":79},[33,5843,545],{"class":83},[33,5845,236],{"class":79},[33,5847,3175],{"class":47},[33,5849,5850,5852,5854,5856,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,5851,157],{"class":156},[33,5853,133],{"class":47},[33,5855,5515],{"class":156},[33,5857,5858],{"class":47},"([[",[33,5860,52],{"class":51},[33,5862,55],{"class":47},[33,5864,58],{"class":51},[33,5866,55],{"class":47},[33,5868,63],{"class":51},[33,5870,5871],{"class":47},"]]))\n",[14,5873,5718],{},[23,5875,5877],{"className":25,"code":5876,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[30,5878,5879,5883,5887],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5880,5881],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5882,4148],{"class":398},[33,5884,5885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5886,4148],{"class":398},[33,5888,5889],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,5890,4148],{"class":398},[14,5892,5893],{},"And these are all falsy:",[23,5895,5897],{"className":25,"code":5896,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[30,5898,5899],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5900,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5902,157],{"class":156},[33,5904,133],{"class":47},[33,5906,5515],{"class":156},[33,5908,3162],{"class":47},[33,5910,1114],{"class":51},[33,5912,55],{"class":47},[33,5914,4009],{"class":79},[33,5916,55],{"class":47},[33,5918,4022],{"class":398},[33,5920,3175],{"class":47},[14,5922,5718],{},[23,5924,5925],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,5926,5927],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5928,5929],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5930,4209],{"class":398},[14,5932,5933,5934,2030,5937,310],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[273,5935,3978],{"href":5936},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[273,5938,5940,5942],{"href":5939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[30,5941,3984],{}," explained",[18,5944,5946],{"id":5945},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5948,5949],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[23,5951,5953],{"className":25,"code":5952,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[30,5954,5955,5975],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5956,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5958,1071],{"class":39},[33,5960,44],{"class":43},[33,5962,48],{"class":47},[33,5964,1114],{"class":51},[33,5966,55],{"class":47},[33,5968,4009],{"class":79},[33,5970,55],{"class":47},[33,5972,4770],{"class":51},[33,5974,66],{"class":47},[33,5976,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985,5987],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,5978,157],{"class":156},[33,5980,133],{"class":47},[33,5982,5515],{"class":156},[33,5984,133],{"class":47},[33,5986,1096],{"class":162},[33,5988,733],{"class":47},[14,5990,207],{},[23,5992,5993],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,5994,5995],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,5996,5997],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,5998,4148],{"class":398},[14,6000,4608],{},[316,6002,6003,6008,6012],{},[319,6004,6005,6007],{},[30,6006,1114],{}," is falsy",[319,6009,6010,6007],{},[30,6011,3945],{},[319,6013,6014,6016],{},[30,6015,1085],{}," is truthy",[14,6018,6019,6020,2572,6023,310],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[30,6021,6022],{},"any(values)",[30,6024,3777],{},[14,6026,6027],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[23,6029,6031],{"className":25,"code":6030,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[30,6032,6033,6057],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6034,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6036,1071],{"class":39},[33,6038,44],{"class":43},[33,6040,48],{"class":47},[33,6042,1114],{"class":51},[33,6044,55],{"class":47},[33,6046,4009],{"class":79},[33,6048,55],{"class":47},[33,6050,4022],{"class":398},[33,6052,55],{"class":47},[33,6054,552],{"class":398},[33,6056,66],{"class":47},[33,6058,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6060,157],{"class":156},[33,6062,133],{"class":47},[33,6064,5515],{"class":156},[33,6066,133],{"class":47},[33,6068,1096],{"class":162},[33,6070,733],{"class":47},[14,6072,207],{},[23,6074,6075],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6076,6077],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6078,6079],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6080,4209],{"class":398},[14,6082,6083,6084,310],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[30,6085,3844],{},[18,6087,6089],{"id":6088},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6091,6092,6094,6095,310],{},[30,6093,5348],{}," is often used with a ",[205,6096,6097],{},"generator expression",[14,6099,6100],{},"This is a common pattern:",[23,6102,6104],{"className":25,"code":6103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[30,6105,6106],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6107,6108,6110,6112,6115,6118,6121,6123,6126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6109,5515],{"class":156},[33,6111,133],{"class":47},[33,6113,6114],{"class":162},"condition ",[33,6116,6117],{"class":4046},"for",[33,6119,6120],{"class":162}," item ",[33,6122,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6124,6125],{"class":162}," items",[33,6127,143],{"class":47},[14,6129,6130],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6132,6133],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[23,6135,6137],{"className":25,"code":6136,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[30,6138,6139,6166,6170,6197],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6140,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6154,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6142,40],{"class":39},[33,6144,44],{"class":43},[33,6146,48],{"class":47},[33,6148,2679],{"class":51},[33,6150,55],{"class":47},[33,6152,6153],{"class":51}," 7",[33,6155,55],{"class":47},[33,6157,2399],{"class":43},[33,6159,2234],{"class":51},[33,6161,55],{"class":47},[33,6163,393],{"class":51},[33,6165,66],{"class":47},[33,6167,6168],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6169,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,6171,6172,6174,6176,6179,6181,6183,6185,6187,6189,6191,6193,6195],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,6173,1506],{"class":39},[33,6175,44],{"class":43},[33,6177,6178],{"class":156}," any",[33,6180,133],{"class":47},[33,6182,3201],{"class":162},[33,6184,1427],{"class":43},[33,6186,4004],{"class":51},[33,6188,4047],{"class":4046},[33,6190,4050],{"class":162},[33,6192,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6194,4430],{"class":162},[33,6196,143],{"class":47},[33,6198,6199,6201,6203,6205],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,6200,157],{"class":156},[33,6202,133],{"class":47},[33,6204,1530],{"class":162},[33,6206,143],{"class":47},[14,6208,207],{},[23,6210,6211],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6212,6213],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6214,6215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6216,4148],{"class":398},[14,6218,6219,6220,6223],{},"This works because ",[30,6221,6222],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[316,6225,6226,6234,6241],{},[319,6227,6228,6231,6232],{},[30,6229,6230],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[30,6233,3844],{},[319,6235,6236,6231,6239],{},[30,6237,6238],{},"7 \u003C 0",[30,6240,3844],{},[319,6242,6243,6231,6246],{},[30,6244,6245],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[30,6247,3777],{},[14,6249,6250,6251,6253,6254,6256,6257,310],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[30,6252,3777],{}," result, ",[30,6255,5348],{}," can return ",[30,6258,3777],{},[14,6260,6261],{},"Here is another example:",[23,6263,6265],{"className":25,"code":6264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[30,6266,6267,6296,6300,6330],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6268,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279,6281,6283,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6270,1655],{"class":39},[33,6272,44],{"class":43},[33,6274,48],{"class":47},[33,6276,80],{"class":79},[33,6278,386],{"class":83},[33,6280,80],{"class":79},[33,6282,55],{"class":47},[33,6284,6285],{"class":79}," \"\"",[33,6287,55],{"class":47},[33,6289,91],{"class":79},[33,6291,4255],{"class":83},[33,6293,80],{"class":79},[33,6295,66],{"class":47},[33,6297,6298],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6299,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,6301,6302,6305,6307,6309,6311,6314,6316,6318,6320,6323,6325,6328],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,6303,6304],{"class":39},"has_empty_string ",[33,6306,44],{"class":43},[33,6308,6178],{"class":156},[33,6310,133],{"class":47},[33,6312,6313],{"class":162},"word ",[33,6315,4854],{"class":43},[33,6317,6285],{"class":79},[33,6319,4047],{"class":4046},[33,6321,6322],{"class":162}," word ",[33,6324,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6326,6327],{"class":162}," words",[33,6329,143],{"class":47},[33,6331,6332,6334,6336,6339],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,6333,157],{"class":156},[33,6335,133],{"class":47},[33,6337,6338],{"class":162},"has_empty_string",[33,6340,143],{"class":47},[14,6342,207],{},[23,6344,6345],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6346,6347],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6348,6349],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6350,4148],{"class":398},[14,6352,6353,6354,310],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[273,6355,6357],{"href":6356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[18,6359,6361],{"id":6360},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6363,6364,6365,3061],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[30,6366,3844],{},[23,6368,6370],{"className":25,"code":6369,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([]))\n",[30,6371,6372],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6373,6374,6376,6378,6380],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6375,157],{"class":156},[33,6377,133],{"class":47},[33,6379,5515],{"class":156},[33,6381,4595],{"class":47},[14,6383,207],{},[23,6385,6386],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6387,6388],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6389,6390],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6391,4209],{"class":398},[14,6393,6394],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6396,6397,6398,6400],{},"The reason is simple: ",[30,6399,5348],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6402,6403],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[23,6405,6407],{"className":25,"code":6406,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[30,6408,6409,6419,6434],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6410,6411,6413,6415,6417],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6412,157],{"class":156},[33,6414,133],{"class":47},[33,6416,5515],{"class":156},[33,6418,4653],{"class":47},[33,6420,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6432],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6422,157],{"class":156},[33,6424,133],{"class":47},[33,6426,5515],{"class":156},[33,6428,133],{"class":47},[33,6430,6431],{"class":79},"\"\"",[33,6433,733],{"class":47},[33,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6447],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,6437,157],{"class":156},[33,6439,133],{"class":47},[33,6441,5515],{"class":156},[33,6443,133],{"class":47},[33,6445,6446],{"class":129},"set",[33,6448,6449],{"class":47},"()))\n",[14,6451,207],{},[23,6453,6455],{"className":25,"code":6454,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[30,6456,6457,6461,6465],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6458,6459],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6460,4209],{"class":398},[33,6462,6463],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6464,4209],{"class":398},[33,6466,6467],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,6468,4209],{"class":398},[18,6470,6472],{"id":6471},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6474,672,6475,6477],{},[30,6476,5348],{}," when you want to:",[316,6479,6480,6483,6486],{},[319,6481,6482],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[319,6484,6485],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[319,6487,6488],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6490,6491],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[23,6493,6495],{"className":25,"code":6494,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[30,6496,6497,6522,6526,6536,6540,6554,6573,6583,6588,6592],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6498,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6520],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6500,40],{"class":39},[33,6502,44],{"class":43},[33,6504,48],{"class":47},[33,6506,52],{"class":51},[33,6508,55],{"class":47},[33,6510,63],{"class":51},[33,6512,55],{"class":47},[33,6514,4770],{"class":51},[33,6516,55],{"class":47},[33,6518,6519],{"class":51}," 8",[33,6521,66],{"class":47},[33,6523,6524],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6525,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,6527,6528,6531,6533],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,6529,6530],{"class":39},"found_even ",[33,6532,44],{"class":43},[33,6534,6535],{"class":398}," False\n",[33,6537,6538],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,6539,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,6541,6542,6544,6547,6549,6551],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,6543,6117],{"class":4046},[33,6545,6546],{"class":39}," number ",[33,6548,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6550,4430],{"class":39},[33,6552,6553],{"class":47},":\n",[33,6555,6556,6559,6561,6564,6566,6569,6571],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,6557,6558],{"class":4046},"    if",[33,6560,6546],{"class":39},[33,6562,6563],{"class":43},"%",[33,6565,58],{"class":51},[33,6567,6568],{"class":43}," ==",[33,6570,4004],{"class":51},[33,6572,6553],{"class":47},[33,6574,6575,6578,6580],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,6576,6577],{"class":39},"        found_even ",[33,6579,44],{"class":43},[33,6581,6582],{"class":398}," True\n",[33,6584,6585],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,6586,6587],{"class":4046},"        break\n",[33,6589,6590],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,6591,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,6593,6595,6597,6599,6602],{"class":35,"line":6594},10,[33,6596,157],{"class":156},[33,6598,133],{"class":47},[33,6600,6601],{"class":162},"found_even",[33,6603,143],{"class":47},[14,6605,6606],{},"You can write:",[23,6608,6610],{"className":25,"code":6609,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[30,6611,6612,6636],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6613,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6615,40],{"class":39},[33,6617,44],{"class":43},[33,6619,48],{"class":47},[33,6621,52],{"class":51},[33,6623,55],{"class":47},[33,6625,63],{"class":51},[33,6627,55],{"class":47},[33,6629,4770],{"class":51},[33,6631,55],{"class":47},[33,6633,6519],{"class":51},[33,6635,66],{"class":47},[33,6637,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6639,157],{"class":156},[33,6641,133],{"class":47},[33,6643,5515],{"class":156},[33,6645,133],{"class":47},[33,6647,2394],{"class":162},[33,6649,6563],{"class":43},[33,6651,58],{"class":51},[33,6653,6568],{"class":43},[33,6655,4004],{"class":51},[33,6657,4047],{"class":4046},[33,6659,6546],{"class":162},[33,6661,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6663,4430],{"class":162},[33,6665,733],{"class":47},[14,6667,6668,6669,6671],{},"Both work, but ",[30,6670,5348],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[18,6673,1288],{"id":1287},[14,6675,6676,6677,310],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[30,6678,5348],{},[664,6680,6682],{"id":6681},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6684,4691],{},[23,6686,6688],{"className":25,"code":6687,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any(5))\n",[30,6689,6690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6691,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6693,157],{"class":156},[33,6695,133],{"class":47},[33,6697,5515],{"class":156},[33,6699,133],{"class":47},[33,6701,1085],{"class":51},[33,6703,733],{"class":47},[14,6705,6706,6707,6709],{},"It causes an error because ",[30,6708,1085],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6711,6712],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[23,6714,6716],{"className":25,"code":6715,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([5]))\n",[30,6717,6718],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6719,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6721,157],{"class":156},[33,6723,133],{"class":47},[33,6725,5515],{"class":156},[33,6727,3162],{"class":47},[33,6729,1085],{"class":51},[33,6731,3175],{"class":47},[664,6733,6735],{"id":6734},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6737,6738,6740,6741,6744],{},[30,6739,5348],{}," needs only ",[205,6742,6743],{},"one"," truthy item.",[23,6746,6748],{"className":25,"code":6747,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[30,6749,6750],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6751,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6753,157],{"class":156},[33,6755,133],{"class":47},[33,6757,5515],{"class":156},[33,6759,3162],{"class":47},[33,6761,3844],{"class":398},[33,6763,55],{"class":47},[33,6765,552],{"class":398},[33,6767,55],{"class":47},[33,6769,399],{"class":398},[33,6771,3175],{"class":47},[14,6773,207],{},[23,6775,6776],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6777,6778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6779,6780],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6781,4148],{"class":398},[14,6783,6784,6785,6789],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[273,6786,6787],{"href":5586},[30,6788,3752],{}," instead.",[664,6791,6793],{"id":6792},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6795,6796,6797,310],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[30,6798,6799],{},"\"True\"",[23,6801,6803],{"className":25,"code":6802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[30,6804,6805],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6806,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6808,157],{"class":156},[33,6810,133],{"class":47},[33,6812,5515],{"class":156},[33,6814,3162],{"class":47},[33,6816,80],{"class":79},[33,6818,3844],{"class":83},[33,6820,80],{"class":79},[33,6822,3175],{"class":47},[14,6824,207],{},[23,6826,6827],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,6828,6829],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6830,6831],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6832,4148],{"class":398},[14,6834,6835,6836,6839],{},"That is because ",[30,6837,6838],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[664,6841,6843],{"id":6842},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6845,6846],{},"This works:",[23,6848,6850],{"className":25,"code":6849,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[30,6851,6852,6872],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6853,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6855,40],{"class":39},[33,6857,44],{"class":43},[33,6859,48],{"class":47},[33,6861,52],{"class":51},[33,6863,55],{"class":47},[33,6865,58],{"class":51},[33,6867,55],{"class":47},[33,6869,63],{"class":51},[33,6871,66],{"class":47},[33,6873,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6875,157],{"class":156},[33,6877,133],{"class":47},[33,6879,5515],{"class":156},[33,6881,3162],{"class":47},[33,6883,3201],{"class":162},[33,6885,4419],{"class":43},[33,6887,58],{"class":51},[33,6889,4047],{"class":4046},[33,6891,4050],{"class":162},[33,6893,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6895,4430],{"class":162},[33,6897,3175],{"class":47},[14,6899,6900],{},"But this is usually better:",[23,6902,6904],{"className":25,"code":6903,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[30,6905,6906,6926],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,6907,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,6909,40],{"class":39},[33,6911,44],{"class":43},[33,6913,48],{"class":47},[33,6915,52],{"class":51},[33,6917,55],{"class":47},[33,6919,58],{"class":51},[33,6921,55],{"class":47},[33,6923,63],{"class":51},[33,6925,66],{"class":47},[33,6927,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,6929,157],{"class":156},[33,6931,133],{"class":47},[33,6933,5515],{"class":156},[33,6935,133],{"class":47},[33,6937,3201],{"class":162},[33,6939,4419],{"class":43},[33,6941,58],{"class":51},[33,6943,4047],{"class":4046},[33,6945,4050],{"class":162},[33,6947,4053],{"class":4046},[33,6949,4430],{"class":162},[33,6951,733],{"class":47},[14,6953,6954],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[18,6956,1961],{"id":1960},[664,6958,6960],{"id":6959},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6962,5312,6963,6965,6966,310],{},[30,6964,3777],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[30,6967,3844],{},[664,6969,6971],{"id":6970},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6973,6974,2572,6976,6978],{},[30,6975,5348],{},[30,6977,3844],{}," for an empty iterable.",[664,6980,6982],{"id":6981},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6984,6985,6987,6988,6990],{},[30,6986,5348],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[30,6989,3752],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[664,6992,6994],{"id":6993},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6996,6997],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[23,6999,7000],{"className":25,"code":6103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,7001,7002],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7003,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016,7018],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7005,5515],{"class":156},[33,7007,133],{"class":47},[33,7009,6114],{"class":162},[33,7011,6117],{"class":4046},[33,7013,6120],{"class":162},[33,7015,4053],{"class":4046},[33,7017,6125],{"class":162},[33,7019,143],{"class":47},[14,7021,5632],{},[23,7023,7024],{"className":25,"code":6903,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,7025,7026,7046],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7027,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042,7044],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7029,40],{"class":39},[33,7031,44],{"class":43},[33,7033,48],{"class":47},[33,7035,52],{"class":51},[33,7037,55],{"class":47},[33,7039,58],{"class":51},[33,7041,55],{"class":47},[33,7043,63],{"class":51},[33,7045,66],{"class":47},[33,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058,7060,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7049,157],{"class":156},[33,7051,133],{"class":47},[33,7053,5515],{"class":156},[33,7055,133],{"class":47},[33,7057,3201],{"class":162},[33,7059,4419],{"class":43},[33,7061,58],{"class":51},[33,7063,4047],{"class":4046},[33,7065,4050],{"class":162},[33,7067,4053],{"class":4046},[33,7069,4430],{"class":162},[33,7071,733],{"class":47},[18,7073,2045],{"id":2044},[316,7075,7076,7082,7086,7090,7095],{},[319,7077,7078],{},[273,7079,7080,3683],{"href":5586},[30,7081,3752],{},[319,7083,7084],{},[273,7085,3978],{"href":5936},[319,7087,7088],{},[273,7089,5380],{"href":5745},[319,7091,7092],{},[273,7093,7094],{"href":6356},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[319,7096,7097],{},[273,7098,7099,3683],{"href":5939},[30,7100,3984],{},[2097,7102,7103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":7105},[7106,7107,7108,7109,7110,7111,7112,7113,7119,7125],{"id":5536,"depth":69,"text":5537},{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592},{"id":3900,"depth":69,"text":3901},{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":6088,"depth":69,"text":6089},{"id":6360,"depth":69,"text":6361},{"id":6471,"depth":69,"text":6472},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":7114},[7115,7116,7117,7118],{"id":6681,"depth":110,"text":6682},{"id":6734,"depth":110,"text":6735},{"id":6792,"depth":110,"text":6793},{"id":6842,"depth":110,"text":6843},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":7120},[7121,7122,7123,7124],{"id":6959,"depth":110,"text":6960},{"id":6970,"depth":110,"text":6971},{"id":6981,"depth":110,"text":6982},{"id":6993,"depth":110,"text":6994},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5443,"description":7126},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7132,"title":7133,"body":7134,"description":9260,"extension":2138,"meta":9261,"navigation":149,"path":9262,"seo":9263,"stem":9264,"__hash__":9265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7135,"toc":9223},[7136,7139,7148,7158,7160,7257,7259,7288,7304,7308,7313,7316,7326,7332,7338,7354,7356,7364,7371,7375,7378,7393,7398,7416,7421,7423,7471,7473,7490,7494,7500,7503,7537,7539,7645,7647,7684,7688,7696,7698,7718,7720,7841,7843,7872,7875,7898,7900,7908,7916,7920,7926,7930,7971,7973,7981,7984,8011,8013,8021,8025,8054,8056,8064,8096,8098,8106,8110,8161,8163,8171,8179,8183,8186,8239,8241,8261,8268,8272,8278,8281,8289,8311,8313,8321,8329,8352,8354,8362,8367,8372,8384,8386,8427,8438,8442,8451,8454,8457,8514,8517,8569,8572,8577,8593,8599,8601,8606,8614,8617,8639,8641,8649,8654,8657,8692,8694,8702,8706,8711,8749,8761,8764,8818,8826,8830,8833,8855,8864,8867,8908,8910,8933,8939,8945,8960,8962,8982,8985,9004,9006,9025,9029,9035,9114,9117,9131,9138,9140,9144,9151,9155,9159,9163,9168,9172,9177,9181,9188,9190,9220],[10,7137,7133],{"id":7138},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7140,2155,7141,7143,7144,453,7146,310],{},[30,7142,3984],{}," function converts a value to either ",[30,7145,3777],{},[30,7147,3844],{},[14,7149,7150,7151,7153,7154,7157],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[30,7152,3984],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[30,7155,7156],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[18,7159,21],{"id":20},[23,7161,7163],{"className":25,"code":7162,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[30,7164,7165,7179,7193,7207,7225,7235],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7166,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7168,157],{"class":156},[33,7170,133],{"class":47},[33,7172,4037],{"class":129},[33,7174,133],{"class":47},[33,7176,1114],{"class":51},[33,7178,733],{"class":47},[33,7180,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7182,157],{"class":156},[33,7184,133],{"class":47},[33,7186,4037],{"class":129},[33,7188,133],{"class":47},[33,7190,52],{"class":51},[33,7192,733],{"class":47},[33,7194,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7196,157],{"class":156},[33,7198,133],{"class":47},[33,7200,4037],{"class":129},[33,7202,133],{"class":47},[33,7204,6431],{"class":79},[33,7206,733],{"class":47},[33,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7210,157],{"class":156},[33,7212,133],{"class":47},[33,7214,4037],{"class":129},[33,7216,133],{"class":47},[33,7218,80],{"class":79},[33,7220,545],{"class":83},[33,7222,80],{"class":79},[33,7224,733],{"class":47},[33,7226,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7228,157],{"class":156},[33,7230,133],{"class":47},[33,7232,4037],{"class":129},[33,7234,4595],{"class":47},[33,7236,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7238,157],{"class":156},[33,7240,133],{"class":47},[33,7242,4037],{"class":129},[33,7244,3162],{"class":47},[33,7246,52],{"class":51},[33,7248,55],{"class":47},[33,7250,58],{"class":51},[33,7252,55],{"class":47},[33,7254,63],{"class":51},[33,7256,3175],{"class":47},[14,7258,5718],{},[23,7260,7262],{"className":25,"code":7261,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[30,7263,7264,7268,7272,7276,7280,7284],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7265,7266],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7267,4209],{"class":398},[33,7269,7270],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7271,4148],{"class":398},[33,7273,7274],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7275,4209],{"class":398},[33,7277,7278],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7279,4148],{"class":398},[33,7281,7282],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7283,4209],{"class":398},[33,7285,7286],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7287,4148],{"class":398},[14,7289,672,7290,7293,7294,453,7296,7298,7299,7301,7302,310],{},[30,7291,7292],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[30,7295,3777],{},[30,7297,3844],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[30,7300,3844],{},". Most other values become ",[30,7303,3777],{},[18,7305,7307],{"id":7306},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7309,7310,7312],{},[30,7311,3984],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7314,7315],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[316,7317,7318,7322],{},[319,7319,7320],{},[30,7321,3777],{},[319,7323,7324],{},[30,7325,3844],{},[14,7327,7328,7329,7331],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[30,7330,7156],{}," statements.",[14,7333,7334,7335,7337],{},"You can also call ",[30,7336,3984],{}," with no argument:",[23,7339,7341],{"className":25,"code":7340,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool())\n",[30,7342,7343],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7344,7345,7347,7349,7351],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7346,157],{"class":156},[33,7348,133],{"class":47},[33,7350,4037],{"class":129},[33,7352,7353],{"class":47},"())\n",[14,7355,207],{},[23,7357,7358],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,7359,7360],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7361,7362],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7363,4209],{"class":398},[14,7365,7366,7367,310],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[273,7368,7370],{"href":7369},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[18,7372,7374],{"id":7373},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7376,7377],{},"The basic syntax is:",[23,7379,7381],{"className":25,"code":7380,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bool(value)\n",[30,7382,7383],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7384,7385,7387,7389,7391],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7386,4037],{"class":129},[33,7388,133],{"class":47},[33,7390,2647],{"class":162},[33,7392,143],{"class":47},[14,7394,2155,7395,7397],{},[30,7396,2647],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[316,7399,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7411,7413],{},[319,7401,163],{},[319,7403,906],{},[319,7405,5464],{},[319,7407,909],{},[319,7409,7410],{},"dictionaries",[319,7412,912],{},[319,7414,7415],{},"other objects",[14,7417,7418,7419,310],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[30,7420,3844],{},[14,7422,367],{},[23,7424,7426],{"className":25,"code":7425,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[30,7427,7428,7442,7461],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7429,7430,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7431,157],{"class":156},[33,7433,133],{"class":47},[33,7435,4037],{"class":129},[33,7437,133],{"class":47},[33,7439,538],{"class":51},[33,7441,733],{"class":47},[33,7443,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454,7457,7459],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7445,157],{"class":156},[33,7447,133],{"class":47},[33,7449,4037],{"class":129},[33,7451,133],{"class":47},[33,7453,80],{"class":79},[33,7455,7456],{"class":83},"Python",[33,7458,80],{"class":79},[33,7460,733],{"class":47},[33,7462,7463,7465,7467,7469],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7464,157],{"class":156},[33,7466,133],{"class":47},[33,7468,4037],{"class":129},[33,7470,7353],{"class":47},[14,7472,207],{},[23,7474,7476],{"className":25,"code":7475,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[30,7477,7478,7482,7486],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7479,7480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7481,4148],{"class":398},[33,7483,7484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7485,4148],{"class":398},[33,7487,7488],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7489,4209],{"class":398},[18,7491,7493],{"id":7492},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7495,7496,7497,7499],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[205,7498,5755],{}," values.",[14,7501,7502],{},"Common examples:",[316,7504,7505,7509,7513,7517,7521,7525,7529,7533],{},[319,7506,7507],{},[30,7508,1114],{},[319,7510,7511],{},[30,7512,3940],{},[319,7514,7515],{},[30,7516,6431],{},[319,7518,7519],{},[30,7520,301],{},[319,7522,7523],{},[30,7524,1360],{},[319,7526,7527],{},[30,7528,3963],{},[319,7530,7531],{},[30,7532,3968],{},[319,7534,7535],{},[30,7536,3950],{},[14,7538,367],{},[23,7540,7542],{"className":25,"code":7541,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[30,7543,7544,7558,7572,7586,7596,7606,7617,7631],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7545,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7547,157],{"class":156},[33,7549,133],{"class":47},[33,7551,4037],{"class":129},[33,7553,133],{"class":47},[33,7555,1114],{"class":51},[33,7557,733],{"class":47},[33,7559,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7561,157],{"class":156},[33,7563,133],{"class":47},[33,7565,4037],{"class":129},[33,7567,133],{"class":47},[33,7569,3940],{"class":51},[33,7571,733],{"class":47},[33,7573,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7575,157],{"class":156},[33,7577,133],{"class":47},[33,7579,4037],{"class":129},[33,7581,133],{"class":47},[33,7583,6431],{"class":79},[33,7585,733],{"class":47},[33,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7589,157],{"class":156},[33,7591,133],{"class":47},[33,7593,4037],{"class":129},[33,7595,4595],{"class":47},[33,7597,7598,7600,7602,7604],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7599,157],{"class":156},[33,7601,133],{"class":47},[33,7603,4037],{"class":129},[33,7605,4653],{"class":47},[33,7607,7608,7610,7612,7614],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7609,157],{"class":156},[33,7611,133],{"class":47},[33,7613,4037],{"class":129},[33,7615,7616],{"class":47},"({}))\n",[33,7618,7619,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,7620,157],{"class":156},[33,7622,133],{"class":47},[33,7624,4037],{"class":129},[33,7626,133],{"class":47},[33,7628,6446],{"class":129},[33,7630,6449],{"class":47},[33,7632,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,7634,157],{"class":156},[33,7636,133],{"class":47},[33,7638,4037],{"class":129},[33,7640,133],{"class":47},[33,7642,3950],{"class":398},[33,7644,733],{"class":47},[14,7646,207],{},[23,7648,7650],{"className":25,"code":7649,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[30,7651,7652,7656,7660,7664,7668,7672,7676,7680],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7653,7654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7655,4209],{"class":398},[33,7657,7658],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7659,4209],{"class":398},[33,7661,7662],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7663,4209],{"class":398},[33,7665,7666],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7667,4209],{"class":398},[33,7669,7670],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7671,4209],{"class":398},[33,7673,7674],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7675,4209],{"class":398},[33,7677,7678],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,7679,4209],{"class":398},[33,7681,7682],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,7683,4209],{"class":398},[18,7685,7687],{"id":7686},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7689,7690,7691,7693,7694,7499],{},"Many values become ",[30,7692,3777],{},". These are often called ",[205,7695,5752],{},[14,7697,7502],{},[316,7699,7700,7703,7706,7709,7712,7715],{},[319,7701,7702],{},"non-zero numbers",[319,7704,7705],{},"non-empty strings",[319,7707,7708],{},"non-empty lists",[319,7710,7711],{},"non-empty tuples",[319,7713,7714],{},"non-empty sets",[319,7716,7717],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7719,367],{},[23,7721,7723],{"className":25,"code":7722,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[30,7724,7725,7739,7755,7773,7795,7813],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7726,7727,7729,7731,7733,7735,7737],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7728,157],{"class":156},[33,7730,133],{"class":47},[33,7732,4037],{"class":129},[33,7734,133],{"class":47},[33,7736,1085],{"class":51},[33,7738,733],{"class":47},[33,7740,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751,7753],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7742,157],{"class":156},[33,7744,133],{"class":47},[33,7746,4037],{"class":129},[33,7748,133],{"class":47},[33,7750,2199],{"class":43},[33,7752,2234],{"class":51},[33,7754,733],{"class":47},[33,7756,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7758,157],{"class":156},[33,7760,133],{"class":47},[33,7762,4037],{"class":129},[33,7764,133],{"class":47},[33,7766,80],{"class":79},[33,7768,545],{"class":83},[33,7770,80],{"class":79},[33,7772,733],{"class":47},[33,7774,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791,7793],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7776,157],{"class":156},[33,7778,133],{"class":47},[33,7780,4037],{"class":129},[33,7782,3162],{"class":47},[33,7784,52],{"class":51},[33,7786,55],{"class":47},[33,7788,58],{"class":51},[33,7790,55],{"class":47},[33,7792,63],{"class":51},[33,7794,3175],{"class":47},[33,7796,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7798,157],{"class":156},[33,7800,133],{"class":47},[33,7802,4037],{"class":129},[33,7804,1010],{"class":47},[33,7806,52],{"class":51},[33,7808,55],{"class":47},[33,7810,58],{"class":51},[33,7812,1890],{"class":47},[33,7814,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825,7828,7830,7832,7834,7837,7839],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7816,157],{"class":156},[33,7818,133],{"class":47},[33,7820,4037],{"class":129},[33,7822,5688],{"class":47},[33,7824,80],{"class":79},[33,7826,7827],{"class":83},"name",[33,7829,80],{"class":79},[33,7831,3061],{"class":47},[33,7833,91],{"class":79},[33,7835,7836],{"class":83},"Sam",[33,7838,80],{"class":79},[33,7840,5697],{"class":47},[14,7842,207],{},[23,7844,7846],{"className":25,"code":7845,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[30,7847,7848,7852,7856,7860,7864,7868],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7849,7850],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7851,4148],{"class":398},[33,7853,7854],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7855,4148],{"class":398},[33,7857,7858],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,7859,4148],{"class":398},[33,7861,7862],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,7863,4148],{"class":398},[33,7865,7866],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,7867,4148],{"class":398},[33,7869,7870],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,7871,4148],{"class":398},[14,7873,7874],{},"One important example is this:",[23,7876,7878],{"className":25,"code":7877,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[30,7879,7880],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7881,7882,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7883,157],{"class":156},[33,7885,133],{"class":47},[33,7887,4037],{"class":129},[33,7889,133],{"class":47},[33,7891,80],{"class":79},[33,7893,3844],{"class":83},[33,7895,80],{"class":79},[33,7897,733],{"class":47},[14,7899,207],{},[23,7901,7902],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,7903,7904],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7905,7906],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7907,4148],{"class":398},[14,7909,7910,7911,7913,7914,310],{},"Even though the text says ",[30,7912,6838],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[30,7915,3777],{},[18,7917,7919],{"id":7918},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7921,7922,7923,7925],{},"You can use ",[30,7924,3984],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[664,7927,7929],{"id":7928},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[23,7931,7933],{"className":25,"code":7932,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[30,7934,7935,7957],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7936,7937,7939,7941,7943,7945,7947,7950,7952,7955],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7938,377],{"class":39},[33,7940,44],{"class":43},[33,7942,48],{"class":47},[33,7944,538],{"class":51},[33,7946,55],{"class":47},[33,7948,7949],{"class":51}," 20",[33,7951,55],{"class":47},[33,7953,7954],{"class":51}," 30",[33,7956,66],{"class":47},[33,7958,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967,7969],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,7960,157],{"class":156},[33,7962,133],{"class":47},[33,7964,4037],{"class":129},[33,7966,133],{"class":47},[33,7968,414],{"class":162},[33,7970,733],{"class":47},[14,7972,207],{},[23,7974,7975],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,7976,7977],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7978,7979],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7980,4148],{"class":398},[14,7982,7983],{},"With an empty list:",[23,7985,7987],{"className":25,"code":7986,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[30,7988,7989,7997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,7990,7991,7993,7995],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,7992,377],{"class":39},[33,7994,44],{"class":43},[33,7996,118],{"class":47},[33,7998,7999,8001,8003,8005,8007,8009],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8000,157],{"class":156},[33,8002,133],{"class":47},[33,8004,4037],{"class":129},[33,8006,133],{"class":47},[33,8008,414],{"class":162},[33,8010,733],{"class":47},[14,8012,207],{},[23,8014,8015],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8016,8017],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8018,8019],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8020,4209],{"class":398},[664,8022,8024],{"id":8023},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[23,8026,8028],{"className":25,"code":8027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[30,8029,8030,8040],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8031,8032,8035,8037],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8033,8034],{"class":39},"name ",[33,8036,44],{"class":43},[33,8038,8039],{"class":79}," \"\"\n",[33,8041,8042,8044,8046,8048,8050,8052],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8043,157],{"class":156},[33,8045,133],{"class":47},[33,8047,4037],{"class":129},[33,8049,133],{"class":47},[33,8051,7827],{"class":162},[33,8053,733],{"class":47},[14,8055,207],{},[23,8057,8058],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8059,8060],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8061,8062],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8063,4209],{"class":398},[23,8065,8067],{"className":25,"code":8066,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[30,8068,8069,8082],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8070,8071,8073,8075,8077,8080],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8072,8034],{"class":39},[33,8074,44],{"class":43},[33,8076,91],{"class":79},[33,8078,8079],{"class":83},"Mia",[33,8081,3532],{"class":79},[33,8083,8084,8086,8088,8090,8092,8094],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8085,157],{"class":156},[33,8087,133],{"class":47},[33,8089,4037],{"class":129},[33,8091,133],{"class":47},[33,8093,7827],{"class":162},[33,8095,733],{"class":47},[14,8097,207],{},[23,8099,8100],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8101,8102],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8103,8104],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8105,4148],{"class":398},[664,8107,8109],{"id":8108},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[23,8111,8113],{"className":25,"code":8112,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[30,8114,8115,8129,8146,8150],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8116,8117,8120,8122,8124,8127],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8118,8119],{"class":39},"username ",[33,8121,44],{"class":43},[33,8123,91],{"class":79},[33,8125,8126],{"class":83},"alex",[33,8128,3532],{"class":79},[33,8130,8131,8134,8136,8139,8141,8144],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8132,8133],{"class":39},"has_name ",[33,8135,44],{"class":43},[33,8137,8138],{"class":129}," bool",[33,8140,133],{"class":47},[33,8142,8143],{"class":162},"username",[33,8145,143],{"class":47},[33,8147,8148],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,8149,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,8151,8152,8154,8156,8159],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,8153,157],{"class":156},[33,8155,133],{"class":47},[33,8157,8158],{"class":162},"has_name",[33,8160,143],{"class":47},[14,8162,207],{},[23,8164,8165],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8166,8167],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8168,8169],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8170,4148],{"class":398},[14,8172,8173,8174,453,8176,8178],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[30,8175,3777],{},[30,8177,3844],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[664,8180,8182],{"id":8181},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8184,8185],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[23,8187,8189],{"className":25,"code":8188,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[30,8190,8191,8211,8215,8223],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8192,8193,8195,8197,8199,8201,8203,8205,8207,8209],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8194,40],{"class":39},[33,8196,44],{"class":43},[33,8198,48],{"class":47},[33,8200,52],{"class":51},[33,8202,55],{"class":47},[33,8204,58],{"class":51},[33,8206,55],{"class":47},[33,8208,63],{"class":51},[33,8210,66],{"class":47},[33,8212,8213],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8214,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,8216,8217,8219,8221],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,8218,7156],{"class":4046},[33,8220,4430],{"class":39},[33,8222,6553],{"class":47},[33,8224,8225,8228,8230,8232,8235,8237],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,8226,8227],{"class":156},"    print",[33,8229,133],{"class":47},[33,8231,80],{"class":79},[33,8233,8234],{"class":83},"The list is not empty",[33,8236,80],{"class":79},[33,8238,143],{"class":47},[14,8240,207],{},[23,8242,8244],{"className":25,"code":8243,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The list is not empty\n",[30,8245,8246],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8247,8248,8250,8252,8255,8258],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8249,2155],{"class":39},[33,8251,1879],{"class":129},[33,8253,8254],{"class":43}," is",[33,8256,8257],{"class":43}," not",[33,8259,8260],{"class":39}," empty\n",[14,8262,8263,8264,310],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[273,8265,8267],{"href":8266},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[18,8269,8271],{"id":8270},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8273,8274,8275,8277],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[30,8276,3984],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8279,8280],{},"It does not do that.",[664,8282,8284,2572,8287],{"id":8283},"boolfalse-returns-true",[30,8285,8286],{},"bool(\"False\")",[30,8288,3777],{},[23,8290,8291],{"className":25,"code":7877,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8292,8293],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8294,8295,8297,8299,8301,8303,8305,8307,8309],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8296,157],{"class":156},[33,8298,133],{"class":47},[33,8300,4037],{"class":129},[33,8302,133],{"class":47},[33,8304,80],{"class":79},[33,8306,3844],{"class":83},[33,8308,80],{"class":79},[33,8310,733],{"class":47},[14,8312,207],{},[23,8314,8315],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8316,8317],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8318,8319],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8320,4148],{"class":398},[664,8322,8324,2572,8327],{"id":8323},"bool0-returns-true",[30,8325,8326],{},"bool(\"0\")",[30,8328,3777],{},[23,8330,8332],{"className":25,"code":8331,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[30,8333,8334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8335,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8337,157],{"class":156},[33,8339,133],{"class":47},[33,8341,4037],{"class":129},[33,8343,133],{"class":47},[33,8345,80],{"class":79},[33,8347,1114],{"class":83},[33,8349,80],{"class":79},[33,8351,733],{"class":47},[14,8353,207],{},[23,8355,8356],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8357,8358],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8359,8360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8361,4148],{"class":398},[14,8363,8364,8365,310],{},"This happens because both values are ",[205,8366,7705],{},[14,8368,8369,8371],{},[30,8370,3984],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8373,8374,8375,8380,8381,8383],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[273,8376,8378],{"href":8377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[30,8379,3134],{},", because ",[30,8382,3134],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8385,367],{},[23,8387,8389],{"className":25,"code":8388,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[30,8390,8391,8412],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8392,8393,8396,8398,8401,8403,8405,8408,8410],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8394,8395],{"class":39},"user_value ",[33,8397,44],{"class":43},[33,8399,8400],{"class":156}," input",[33,8402,133],{"class":47},[33,8404,80],{"class":79},[33,8406,8407],{"class":83},"Enter True or False: ",[33,8409,80],{"class":79},[33,8411,143],{"class":47},[33,8413,8414,8416,8418,8420,8422,8425],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8415,157],{"class":156},[33,8417,133],{"class":47},[33,8419,4037],{"class":129},[33,8421,133],{"class":47},[33,8423,8424],{"class":162},"user_value",[33,8426,733],{"class":47},[14,8428,8429,8430,8432,8433,8380,8435,8437],{},"If the user types ",[30,8431,3844],{},", the result will still be ",[30,8434,3777],{},[30,8436,6838],{}," is not empty.",[18,8439,8441],{"id":8440},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8443,8444,8445,8447,8448,8450],{},"In many ",[30,8446,7156],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[30,8449,3984],{}," yourself.",[14,8452,8453],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8455,8456],{},"Instead of this:",[23,8458,8460],{"className":25,"code":8459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[30,8461,8462,8482,8486,8499],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8463,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8465,698],{"class":39},[33,8467,44],{"class":43},[33,8469,48],{"class":47},[33,8471,52],{"class":51},[33,8473,55],{"class":47},[33,8475,58],{"class":51},[33,8477,55],{"class":47},[33,8479,63],{"class":51},[33,8481,66],{"class":47},[33,8483,8484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8485,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,8487,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,8489,7156],{"class":4046},[33,8491,8138],{"class":129},[33,8493,133],{"class":47},[33,8495,715],{"class":162},[33,8497,8498],{"class":47},"):\n",[33,8500,8501,8503,8505,8507,8510,8512],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,8502,8227],{"class":156},[33,8504,133],{"class":47},[33,8506,80],{"class":79},[33,8508,8509],{"class":83},"List has items",[33,8511,80],{"class":79},[33,8513,143],{"class":47},[14,8515,8516],{},"You can simply write:",[23,8518,8520],{"className":25,"code":8519,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[30,8521,8522,8542,8546,8555],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8525,698],{"class":39},[33,8527,44],{"class":43},[33,8529,48],{"class":47},[33,8531,52],{"class":51},[33,8533,55],{"class":47},[33,8535,58],{"class":51},[33,8537,55],{"class":47},[33,8539,63],{"class":51},[33,8541,66],{"class":47},[33,8543,8544],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8545,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,8547,8548,8550,8553],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,8549,7156],{"class":4046},[33,8551,8552],{"class":39}," my_list",[33,8554,6553],{"class":47},[33,8556,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,8558,8227],{"class":156},[33,8560,133],{"class":47},[33,8562,80],{"class":79},[33,8564,8509],{"class":83},[33,8566,80],{"class":79},[33,8568,143],{"class":47},[14,8570,8571],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8573,1357,8574,8576],{},[30,8575,3984],{}," is still helpful when:",[316,8578,8579,8582,8590],{},[319,8580,8581],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[319,8583,8584,8585,453,8587,8589],{},"you want to store a real ",[30,8586,3777],{},[30,8588,3844],{}," value",[319,8591,8592],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8594,8595,8596,310],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[273,8597,8598],{"href":2475},"Python type() function explained",[18,8600,3006],{"id":3005},[14,8602,8603,8604,310],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[30,8605,3984],{},[664,8607,1487,8609,8611,8612],{"id":8608},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[30,8610,8286],{}," to return ",[30,8613,3844],{},[14,8615,8616],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[23,8618,8619],{"className":25,"code":7877,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8620,8621],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8622,8623,8625,8627,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8624,157],{"class":156},[33,8626,133],{"class":47},[33,8628,4037],{"class":129},[33,8630,133],{"class":47},[33,8632,80],{"class":79},[33,8634,3844],{"class":83},[33,8636,80],{"class":79},[33,8638,733],{"class":47},[14,8640,207],{},[23,8642,8643],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8644,8645],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8646,8647],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8648,4148],{"class":398},[14,8650,8651,8652,6839],{},"Why? Because ",[30,8653,6838],{},[14,8655,8656],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[23,8658,8660],{"className":25,"code":8659,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[30,8661,8662,8674],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8663,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8665,2622],{"class":39},[33,8667,44],{"class":43},[33,8669,91],{"class":79},[33,8671,3844],{"class":83},[33,8673,3532],{"class":79},[33,8675,8676,8678,8680,8682,8684,8686,8688,8690],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8677,157],{"class":156},[33,8679,133],{"class":47},[33,8681,2622],{"class":162},[33,8683,4854],{"class":43},[33,8685,91],{"class":79},[33,8687,3777],{"class":83},[33,8689,80],{"class":79},[33,8691,143],{"class":47},[14,8693,207],{},[23,8695,8696],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,8697,8698],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8699,8700],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8701,4209],{"class":398},[664,8703,8705],{"id":8704},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8707,8708,8710],{},[30,8709,3134],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[23,8712,8714],{"className":25,"code":8713,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[30,8715,8716,8735],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8717,8718,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8731,8733],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8719,2622],{"class":39},[33,8721,44],{"class":43},[33,8723,8400],{"class":156},[33,8725,133],{"class":47},[33,8727,80],{"class":79},[33,8729,8730],{"class":83},"Enter yes or no: ",[33,8732,80],{"class":79},[33,8734,143],{"class":47},[33,8736,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745,8747],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8738,157],{"class":156},[33,8740,133],{"class":47},[33,8742,4037],{"class":129},[33,8744,133],{"class":47},[33,8746,2647],{"class":162},[33,8748,733],{"class":47},[14,8750,8429,8751,8754,8755,8757,8758,8437],{},[30,8752,8753],{},"no",", the result is still ",[30,8756,3777],{}," because ",[30,8759,8760],{},"\"no\"",[14,8762,8763],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[23,8765,8767],{"className":25,"code":8766,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[30,8768,8769,8799],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8770,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785,8788,8791,8794,8797],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8772,2622],{"class":39},[33,8774,44],{"class":43},[33,8776,8400],{"class":156},[33,8778,133],{"class":47},[33,8780,80],{"class":79},[33,8782,8730],{"class":83},[33,8784,80],{"class":79},[33,8786,8787],{"class":47},").",[33,8789,8790],{"class":162},"strip",[33,8792,8793],{"class":47},"().",[33,8795,8796],{"class":162},"lower",[33,8798,1671],{"class":47},[33,8800,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8814,8816],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8802,157],{"class":156},[33,8804,133],{"class":47},[33,8806,2622],{"class":162},[33,8808,4854],{"class":43},[33,8810,91],{"class":79},[33,8812,8813],{"class":83},"yes",[33,8815,80],{"class":79},[33,8817,143],{"class":47},[14,8819,8820,8821,8823,8824,310],{},"This gives ",[30,8822,3777],{}," only when the user enters ",[30,8825,8813],{},[664,8827,8829],{"id":8828},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8831,8832],{},"These are different:",[316,8834,8835,8839,8843,8847,8851],{},[319,8836,8837],{},[30,8838,3844],{},[319,8840,8841],{},[30,8842,1114],{},[319,8844,8845],{},[30,8846,6431],{},[319,8848,8849],{},[30,8850,301],{},[319,8852,8853],{},[30,8854,3950],{},[14,8856,8857,8858,8860,8861,8863],{},"They all become ",[30,8859,3844],{}," with ",[30,8862,3984],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8865,8866],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[23,8868,8870],{"className":25,"code":8869,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[30,8871,8872,8880,8894],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8873,8874,8876,8878],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8875,2622],{"class":39},[33,8877,44],{"class":43},[33,8879,118],{"class":47},[33,8881,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890,8892],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8883,157],{"class":156},[33,8885,133],{"class":47},[33,8887,1406],{"class":129},[33,8889,133],{"class":47},[33,8891,2647],{"class":162},[33,8893,733],{"class":47},[33,8895,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,8897,157],{"class":156},[33,8899,133],{"class":47},[33,8901,4037],{"class":129},[33,8903,133],{"class":47},[33,8905,2647],{"class":162},[33,8907,733],{"class":47},[14,8909,207],{},[23,8911,8913],{"className":25,"code":8912,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[30,8914,8915,8929],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8916,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8918,1427],{"class":43},[33,8920,1431],{"class":1430},[33,8922,245],{"class":79},[33,8924,1879],{"class":83},[33,8926,236],{"class":79},[33,8928,1441],{"class":43},[33,8930,8931],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,8932,4209],{"class":398},[664,8934,1357,8936,8938],{"id":8935},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[30,8937,3963],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8940,8941,8942,8944],{},"In Python, ",[30,8943,3963],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[23,8946,8948],{"className":25,"code":8947,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type({}))\n",[30,8949,8950],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8951,8952,8954,8956,8958],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8953,157],{"class":156},[33,8955,133],{"class":47},[33,8957,1406],{"class":129},[33,8959,7616],{"class":47},[14,8961,207],{},[23,8963,8965],{"className":25,"code":8964,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[30,8966,8967],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8968,8969,8971,8973,8975,8978,8980],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8970,1427],{"class":43},[33,8972,1431],{"class":1430},[33,8974,245],{"class":79},[33,8976,8977],{"class":83},"dict",[33,8979,236],{"class":79},[33,8981,1441],{"class":43},[14,8983,8984],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[23,8986,8988],{"className":25,"code":8987,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(set()))\n",[30,8989,8990],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,8991,8992,8994,8996,8998,9000,9002],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,8993,157],{"class":156},[33,8995,133],{"class":47},[33,8997,1406],{"class":129},[33,8999,133],{"class":47},[33,9001,6446],{"class":129},[33,9003,6449],{"class":47},[14,9005,207],{},[23,9007,9009],{"className":25,"code":9008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[30,9010,9011],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9012,9013,9015,9017,9019,9021,9023],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9014,1427],{"class":43},[33,9016,1431],{"class":1430},[33,9018,245],{"class":79},[33,9020,6446],{"class":83},[33,9022,236],{"class":79},[33,9024,1441],{"class":43},[18,9026,9028],{"id":9027},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9030,9031,9032,9034],{},"If ",[30,9033,3984],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[23,9036,9038],{"className":25,"code":9037,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[30,9039,9040,9054,9068,9078,9096],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9041,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050,9052],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9043,157],{"class":156},[33,9045,133],{"class":47},[33,9047,4037],{"class":129},[33,9049,133],{"class":47},[33,9051,2647],{"class":162},[33,9053,733],{"class":47},[33,9055,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9057,157],{"class":156},[33,9059,133],{"class":47},[33,9061,1406],{"class":129},[33,9063,133],{"class":47},[33,9065,2647],{"class":162},[33,9067,733],{"class":47},[33,9069,9070,9072,9074,9076],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,9071,157],{"class":156},[33,9073,133],{"class":47},[33,9075,2647],{"class":162},[33,9077,143],{"class":47},[33,9079,9080,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,9081,157],{"class":156},[33,9083,133],{"class":47},[33,9085,2622],{"class":162},[33,9087,4854],{"class":43},[33,9089,91],{"class":79},[33,9091,3777],{"class":83},[33,9093,80],{"class":79},[33,9095,143],{"class":47},[33,9097,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,9099,157],{"class":156},[33,9101,133],{"class":47},[33,9103,2647],{"class":162},[33,9105,310],{"class":47},[33,9107,8790],{"class":162},[33,9109,8793],{"class":47},[33,9111,8796],{"class":162},[33,9113,7353],{"class":47},[14,9115,9116],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[316,9118,9119,9122,9125,9128],{},[319,9120,9121],{},"what the value really is",[319,9123,9124],{},"whether it is a string",[319,9126,9127],{},"whether it contains spaces",[319,9129,9130],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9132,9133,9134,310],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[273,9135,9137],{"href":9136},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[18,9139,1961],{"id":1960},[664,9141,9143],{"id":9142},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9145,9146,9147,453,9149,310],{},"It returns either ",[30,9148,3777],{},[30,9150,3844],{},[664,9152,9154],{"id":9153},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9156,5312,9157,310],{},[30,9158,3844],{},[664,9160,9162],{"id":9161},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9164,9165,9166,310],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[30,9167,3777],{},[664,9169,9171],{"id":9170},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9173,9174,9175,310],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[30,9176,3844],{},[664,9178,9180],{"id":9179},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9182,9183,9184,453,9186,3909],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[30,9185,3777],{},[30,9187,3844],{},[18,9189,2045],{"id":2044},[316,9191,9192,9197,9201,9206,9210,9215],{},[319,9193,9194],{},[273,9195,9196],{"href":5936},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[319,9198,9199],{},[273,9200,8267],{"href":8266},[319,9202,9203],{},[273,9204,9205],{"href":8377},"Python input() function explained",[319,9207,9208],{},[273,9209,8598],{"href":2475},[319,9211,9212],{},[273,9213,9214],{"href":9136},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[319,9216,9217],{},[273,9218,9219],{"href":7369},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2097,9221,9222],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":9224},[9225,9226,9227,9228,9229,9230,9236,9242,9243,9251,9252,9259],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":7306,"depth":69,"text":7307},{"id":7373,"depth":69,"text":7374},{"id":7492,"depth":69,"text":7493},{"id":7686,"depth":69,"text":7687},{"id":7918,"depth":69,"text":7919,"children":9231},[9232,9233,9234,9235],{"id":7928,"depth":110,"text":7929},{"id":8023,"depth":110,"text":8024},{"id":8108,"depth":110,"text":8109},{"id":8181,"depth":110,"text":8182},{"id":8270,"depth":69,"text":8271,"children":9237},[9238,9240],{"id":8283,"depth":110,"text":9239},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8323,"depth":110,"text":9241},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8440,"depth":69,"text":8441},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":9244},[9245,9247,9248,9249],{"id":8608,"depth":110,"text":9246},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8704,"depth":110,"text":8705},{"id":8828,"depth":110,"text":8829},{"id":8935,"depth":110,"text":9250},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9027,"depth":69,"text":9028},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":9253},[9254,9255,9256,9257,9258],{"id":9142,"depth":110,"text":9143},{"id":9153,"depth":110,"text":9154},{"id":9161,"depth":110,"text":9162},{"id":9170,"depth":110,"text":9171},{"id":9179,"depth":110,"text":9180},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7133,"description":9260},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9267,"title":9268,"body":9269,"description":11456,"extension":2138,"meta":11457,"navigation":149,"path":11458,"seo":11459,"stem":11460,"__hash__":11461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9270,"toc":11418},[9271,9277,9283,9290,9295,9306,9313,9419,9423,9491,9496,9501,9506,9509,9520,9525,9528,9539,9546,9548,9553,9557,9582,9586,9595,9599,9662,9666,9699,9703,9748,9752,9789,9793,9796,9852,9856,9901,9904,9909,9948,9952,9975,9978,9992,10005,10009,10014,10081,10085,10121,10124,10132,10135,10199,10203,10235,10241,10243,10303,10310,10313,10391,10395,10428,10432,10435,10479,10483,10519,10522,10539,10542,10545,10598,10601,10612,10619,10628,10631,10689,10693,10734,10742,10750,10756,10764,10776,10781,10792,10865,10868,10880,10895,10899,10904,10908,10910,10953,10959,10961,11024,11028,11031,11040,11045,11082,11086,11089,11097,11100,11139,11143,11146,11197,11201,11222,11229,11231,11237,11263,11266,11320,11323,11334,11336,11343,11351,11357,11362,11369,11372,11379,11386,11388,11415],[10,9272,2076,9274,2079],{"id":9273},"python-dict-function-explained",[30,9275,9276],{},"dict()",[14,9278,9279,9280,9282],{},"The built-in ",[30,9281,9276],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9284,9285,9286,9289],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[205,9287,9288],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9291,9292,9294],{},[30,9293,9276],{}," is commonly used to:",[316,9296,9297,9300,9303],{},[319,9298,9299],{},"create an empty dictionary",[319,9301,9302],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[319,9304,9305],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9307,9308,9309,310],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[273,9310,9312],{"href":9311},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[23,9314,9316],{"className":25,"code":9315,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[30,9317,9318,9352,9362,9366,9404],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9319,9320,9322,9324,9327,9329,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9345,9347,9350],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9321,1181],{"class":39},[33,9323,44],{"class":43},[33,9325,9326],{"class":129}," dict",[33,9328,133],{"class":47},[33,9330,7827],{"class":9331},"s99_P",[33,9333,44],{"class":43},[33,9335,236],{"class":79},[33,9337,5169],{"class":83},[33,9339,236],{"class":79},[33,9341,55],{"class":47},[33,9343,9344],{"class":9331}," age",[33,9346,44],{"class":43},[33,9348,9349],{"class":51},"25",[33,9351,143],{"class":47},[33,9353,9354,9356,9358,9360],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9355,157],{"class":156},[33,9357,133],{"class":47},[33,9359,1230],{"class":162},[33,9361,143],{"class":47},[33,9363,9364],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,9365,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,9367,9368,9371,9373,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9389,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,9369,9370],{"class":39},"pairs ",[33,9372,44],{"class":43},[33,9374,9375],{"class":47}," [(",[33,9377,236],{"class":79},[33,9379,273],{"class":83},[33,9381,236],{"class":79},[33,9383,55],{"class":47},[33,9385,1119],{"class":51},[33,9387,9388],{"class":47},"),",[33,9390,1381],{"class":47},[33,9392,236],{"class":79},[33,9394,282],{"class":83},[33,9396,236],{"class":79},[33,9398,55],{"class":47},[33,9400,58],{"class":51},[33,9402,9403],{"class":47},")]\n",[33,9405,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9417],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,9407,157],{"class":156},[33,9409,133],{"class":47},[33,9411,8977],{"class":129},[33,9413,133],{"class":47},[33,9415,9416],{"class":162},"pairs",[33,9418,733],{"class":47},[14,9420,9421],{},[205,9422,207],{},[23,9424,9426],{"className":25,"code":9425,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[30,9427,9428,9463],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9429,9430,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9454,9456,9458,9460],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9431,9432],{"class":47},"{",[33,9434,236],{"class":79},[33,9436,7827],{"class":83},[33,9438,236],{"class":79},[33,9440,3061],{"class":47},[33,9442,245],{"class":79},[33,9444,5169],{"class":83},[33,9446,236],{"class":79},[33,9448,55],{"class":47},[33,9450,245],{"class":79},[33,9452,9453],{"class":83},"age",[33,9455,236],{"class":79},[33,9457,3061],{"class":47},[33,9459,1196],{"class":51},[33,9461,9462],{"class":47},"}\n",[33,9464,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9466,9432],{"class":47},[33,9468,236],{"class":79},[33,9470,273],{"class":83},[33,9472,236],{"class":79},[33,9474,3061],{"class":47},[33,9476,1119],{"class":51},[33,9478,55],{"class":47},[33,9480,245],{"class":79},[33,9482,282],{"class":83},[33,9484,236],{"class":79},[33,9486,3061],{"class":47},[33,9488,58],{"class":51},[33,9490,9462],{"class":47},[14,9492,672,9493,9495],{},[30,9494,9276],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[18,9497,3848,9499,3851],{"id":9498},"what-dict-does",[30,9500,9276],{},[14,9502,9503,9505],{},[30,9504,9276],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9507,9508],{},"A dictionary:",[316,9510,9511,9514,9517],{},[319,9512,9513],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[319,9515,9516],{},"lets you look up values by key",[319,9518,9519],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9521,9522,9524],{},[30,9523,9276],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9526,9527],{},"Common uses include:",[316,9529,9530,9533,9536],{},[319,9531,9532],{},"making an empty dictionary",[319,9534,9535],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[319,9537,9538],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9540,9541,9542,310],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[273,9543,9545],{"href":9544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[18,9547,2334],{"id":2333},[14,9549,9550,9552],{},[30,9551,9276],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[664,9554,9556],{"id":9555},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[23,9558,9560],{"className":25,"code":9559,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[30,9561,9562,9572],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9563,9564,9566,9568,9570],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9565,1181],{"class":39},[33,9567,44],{"class":43},[33,9569,9326],{"class":129},[33,9571,1671],{"class":47},[33,9573,9574,9576,9578,9580],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9575,157],{"class":156},[33,9577,133],{"class":47},[33,9579,1230],{"class":162},[33,9581,143],{"class":47},[14,9583,9584],{},[205,9585,207],{},[23,9587,9589],{"className":25,"code":9588,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{}\n",[30,9590,9591],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9592,9593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9594,9588],{"class":47},[664,9596,9598],{"id":9597},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[23,9600,9602],{"className":25,"code":9601,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[30,9603,9604,9638,9652],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9605,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9607,9370],{"class":39},[33,9609,44],{"class":43},[33,9611,9375],{"class":47},[33,9613,236],{"class":79},[33,9615,273],{"class":83},[33,9617,236],{"class":79},[33,9619,55],{"class":47},[33,9621,1119],{"class":51},[33,9623,9388],{"class":47},[33,9625,1381],{"class":47},[33,9627,236],{"class":79},[33,9629,282],{"class":83},[33,9631,236],{"class":79},[33,9633,55],{"class":47},[33,9635,58],{"class":51},[33,9637,9403],{"class":47},[33,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9641,1181],{"class":39},[33,9643,44],{"class":43},[33,9645,9326],{"class":129},[33,9647,133],{"class":47},[33,9649,9416],{"class":162},[33,9651,143],{"class":47},[33,9653,9654,9656,9658,9660],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,9655,157],{"class":156},[33,9657,133],{"class":47},[33,9659,1230],{"class":162},[33,9661,143],{"class":47},[14,9663,9664],{},[205,9665,207],{},[23,9667,9669],{"className":25,"code":9668,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[30,9670,9671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9672,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9674,9432],{"class":47},[33,9676,236],{"class":79},[33,9678,273],{"class":83},[33,9680,236],{"class":79},[33,9682,3061],{"class":47},[33,9684,1119],{"class":51},[33,9686,55],{"class":47},[33,9688,245],{"class":79},[33,9690,282],{"class":83},[33,9692,236],{"class":79},[33,9694,3061],{"class":47},[33,9696,58],{"class":51},[33,9698,9462],{"class":47},[664,9700,9702],{"id":9701},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[23,9704,9706],{"className":25,"code":9705,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[30,9707,9708,9738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9709,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9711,1181],{"class":39},[33,9713,44],{"class":43},[33,9715,9326],{"class":129},[33,9717,133],{"class":47},[33,9719,7827],{"class":9331},[33,9721,44],{"class":43},[33,9723,236],{"class":79},[33,9725,5169],{"class":83},[33,9727,236],{"class":79},[33,9729,55],{"class":47},[33,9731,9344],{"class":9331},[33,9733,44],{"class":43},[33,9735,9349],{"class":51},[33,9737,143],{"class":47},[33,9739,9740,9742,9744,9746],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9741,157],{"class":156},[33,9743,133],{"class":47},[33,9745,1230],{"class":162},[33,9747,143],{"class":47},[14,9749,9750],{},[205,9751,207],{},[23,9753,9755],{"className":25,"code":9754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[30,9756,9757],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9760,9432],{"class":47},[33,9762,236],{"class":79},[33,9764,7827],{"class":83},[33,9766,236],{"class":79},[33,9768,3061],{"class":47},[33,9770,245],{"class":79},[33,9772,5169],{"class":83},[33,9774,236],{"class":79},[33,9776,55],{"class":47},[33,9778,245],{"class":79},[33,9780,9453],{"class":83},[33,9782,236],{"class":79},[33,9784,3061],{"class":47},[33,9786,1196],{"class":51},[33,9788,9462],{"class":47},[664,9790,9792],{"id":9791},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9794,9795],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[23,9797,9799],{"className":25,"code":9798,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[30,9800,9801,9842],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9836,9838,9840],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9804,1181],{"class":39},[33,9806,44],{"class":43},[33,9808,9326],{"class":129},[33,9810,9811],{"class":47},"([(",[33,9813,236],{"class":79},[33,9815,273],{"class":83},[33,9817,236],{"class":79},[33,9819,55],{"class":47},[33,9821,1119],{"class":51},[33,9823,9824],{"class":47},")],",[33,9826,2734],{"class":9331},[33,9828,44],{"class":43},[33,9830,2234],{"class":51},[33,9832,55],{"class":47},[33,9834,9835],{"class":9331}," c",[33,9837,44],{"class":43},[33,9839,2240],{"class":51},[33,9841,143],{"class":47},[33,9843,9844,9846,9848,9850],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9845,157],{"class":156},[33,9847,133],{"class":47},[33,9849,1230],{"class":162},[33,9851,143],{"class":47},[14,9853,9854],{},[205,9855,207],{},[23,9857,9859],{"className":25,"code":9858,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[30,9860,9861],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9862,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9864,9432],{"class":47},[33,9866,236],{"class":79},[33,9868,273],{"class":83},[33,9870,236],{"class":79},[33,9872,3061],{"class":47},[33,9874,1119],{"class":51},[33,9876,55],{"class":47},[33,9878,245],{"class":79},[33,9880,282],{"class":83},[33,9882,236],{"class":79},[33,9884,3061],{"class":47},[33,9886,58],{"class":51},[33,9888,55],{"class":47},[33,9890,245],{"class":79},[33,9892,291],{"class":83},[33,9894,236],{"class":79},[33,9896,3061],{"class":47},[33,9898,63],{"class":51},[33,9900,9462],{"class":47},[18,9902,9556],{"id":9903},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9905,672,9906,9908],{},[30,9907,9276],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[23,9910,9912],{"className":25,"code":9911,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[30,9913,9914,9924,9938],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9915,9916,9918,9920,9922],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9917,1181],{"class":39},[33,9919,44],{"class":43},[33,9921,9326],{"class":129},[33,9923,1671],{"class":47},[33,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9927,157],{"class":156},[33,9929,133],{"class":47},[33,9931,1406],{"class":129},[33,9933,133],{"class":47},[33,9935,1230],{"class":162},[33,9937,733],{"class":47},[33,9939,9940,9942,9944,9946],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,9941,157],{"class":156},[33,9943,133],{"class":47},[33,9945,1230],{"class":162},[33,9947,143],{"class":47},[14,9949,9950],{},[205,9951,207],{},[23,9953,9955],{"className":25,"code":9954,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[30,9956,9957,9971],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9958,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9960,1427],{"class":43},[33,9962,1431],{"class":1430},[33,9964,245],{"class":79},[33,9966,8977],{"class":83},[33,9968,236],{"class":79},[33,9970,1441],{"class":43},[33,9972,9973],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,9974,9588],{"class":47},[14,9976,9977],{},"This gives the same result as:",[23,9979,9981],{"className":25,"code":9980,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\n",[30,9982,9983],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,9984,9985,9987,9989],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,9986,1181],{"class":39},[33,9988,44],{"class":43},[33,9990,9991],{"class":47}," {}\n",[14,9993,9994,9995,9997,9998,10001,10002,10004],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[30,9996,3963],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9999,10000],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[30,10003,9276],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[18,10006,10008],{"id":10007},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10010,10011,10012,310],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[30,10013,9276],{},[23,10015,10017],{"className":25,"code":10016,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[30,10018,10019,10057,10071],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10020,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10022,9370],{"class":39},[33,10024,44],{"class":43},[33,10026,9375],{"class":47},[33,10028,236],{"class":79},[33,10030,7827],{"class":83},[33,10032,236],{"class":79},[33,10034,55],{"class":47},[33,10036,245],{"class":79},[33,10038,5169],{"class":83},[33,10040,236],{"class":79},[33,10042,9388],{"class":47},[33,10044,1381],{"class":47},[33,10046,236],{"class":79},[33,10048,9453],{"class":83},[33,10050,236],{"class":79},[33,10052,55],{"class":47},[33,10054,1196],{"class":51},[33,10056,9403],{"class":47},[33,10058,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10060,1181],{"class":39},[33,10062,44],{"class":43},[33,10064,9326],{"class":129},[33,10066,133],{"class":47},[33,10068,9416],{"class":162},[33,10070,143],{"class":47},[33,10072,10073,10075,10077,10079],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,10074,157],{"class":156},[33,10076,133],{"class":47},[33,10078,1230],{"class":162},[33,10080,143],{"class":47},[14,10082,10083],{},[205,10084,207],{},[23,10086,10087],{"className":25,"code":9754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,10088,10089],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10090,10091,10093,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10092,9432],{"class":47},[33,10094,236],{"class":79},[33,10096,7827],{"class":83},[33,10098,236],{"class":79},[33,10100,3061],{"class":47},[33,10102,245],{"class":79},[33,10104,5169],{"class":83},[33,10106,236],{"class":79},[33,10108,55],{"class":47},[33,10110,245],{"class":79},[33,10112,9453],{"class":83},[33,10114,236],{"class":79},[33,10116,3061],{"class":47},[33,10118,1196],{"class":51},[33,10120,9462],{"class":47},[14,10122,10123],{},"Each pair becomes:",[316,10125,10126,10129],{},[319,10127,10128],{},"the first item as the key",[319,10130,10131],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10133,10134],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[23,10136,10138],{"className":25,"code":10137,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[30,10139,10140,10175,10189],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10141,10142,10144,10146,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10143,9370],{"class":39},[33,10145,44],{"class":43},[33,10147,10148],{"class":47}," ((",[33,10150,236],{"class":79},[33,10152,273],{"class":83},[33,10154,236],{"class":79},[33,10156,55],{"class":47},[33,10158,1119],{"class":51},[33,10160,9388],{"class":47},[33,10162,1381],{"class":47},[33,10164,236],{"class":79},[33,10166,282],{"class":83},[33,10168,236],{"class":79},[33,10170,55],{"class":47},[33,10172,58],{"class":51},[33,10174,733],{"class":47},[33,10176,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10178,1181],{"class":39},[33,10180,44],{"class":43},[33,10182,9326],{"class":129},[33,10184,133],{"class":47},[33,10186,9416],{"class":162},[33,10188,143],{"class":47},[33,10190,10191,10193,10195,10197],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,10192,157],{"class":156},[33,10194,133],{"class":47},[33,10196,1230],{"class":162},[33,10198,143],{"class":47},[14,10200,10201],{},[205,10202,207],{},[23,10204,10205],{"className":25,"code":9668,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,10206,10207],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10208,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10210,9432],{"class":47},[33,10212,236],{"class":79},[33,10214,273],{"class":83},[33,10216,236],{"class":79},[33,10218,3061],{"class":47},[33,10220,1119],{"class":51},[33,10222,55],{"class":47},[33,10224,245],{"class":79},[33,10226,282],{"class":83},[33,10228,236],{"class":79},[33,10230,3061],{"class":47},[33,10232,58],{"class":51},[33,10234,9462],{"class":47},[14,10236,10237,10238,310],{},"Each item must contain ",[205,10239,10240],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10242,3013],{},[23,10244,10246],{"className":25,"code":10245,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[30,10247,10248,10288],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10249,10250,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10251,10252],{"class":39},"bad_data ",[33,10254,44],{"class":43},[33,10256,9375],{"class":47},[33,10258,236],{"class":79},[33,10260,273],{"class":83},[33,10262,236],{"class":79},[33,10264,55],{"class":47},[33,10266,1119],{"class":51},[33,10268,55],{"class":47},[33,10270,10271],{"class":51}," 100",[33,10273,9388],{"class":47},[33,10275,1381],{"class":47},[33,10277,236],{"class":79},[33,10279,282],{"class":83},[33,10281,236],{"class":79},[33,10283,55],{"class":47},[33,10285,58],{"class":51},[33,10287,9403],{"class":47},[33,10289,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10301],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10291,1506],{"class":39},[33,10293,44],{"class":43},[33,10295,9326],{"class":129},[33,10297,133],{"class":47},[33,10299,10300],{"class":162},"bad_data",[33,10302,143],{"class":47},[14,10304,10305,10306,10309],{},"Python raises an error because ",[30,10307,10308],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10311,10312],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[23,10314,10316],{"className":25,"code":10315,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[30,10317,10318,10367,10381],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10319,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10321,9370],{"class":39},[33,10323,44],{"class":43},[33,10325,9375],{"class":47},[33,10327,236],{"class":79},[33,10329,273],{"class":83},[33,10331,236],{"class":79},[33,10333,55],{"class":47},[33,10335,1119],{"class":51},[33,10337,9388],{"class":47},[33,10339,1381],{"class":47},[33,10341,236],{"class":79},[33,10343,273],{"class":83},[33,10345,236],{"class":79},[33,10347,55],{"class":47},[33,10349,10350],{"class":51}," 99",[33,10352,9388],{"class":47},[33,10354,1381],{"class":47},[33,10356,236],{"class":79},[33,10358,282],{"class":83},[33,10360,236],{"class":79},[33,10362,55],{"class":47},[33,10364,58],{"class":51},[33,10366,9403],{"class":47},[33,10368,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10370,1181],{"class":39},[33,10372,44],{"class":43},[33,10374,9326],{"class":129},[33,10376,133],{"class":47},[33,10378,9416],{"class":162},[33,10380,143],{"class":47},[33,10382,10383,10385,10387,10389],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,10384,157],{"class":156},[33,10386,133],{"class":47},[33,10388,1230],{"class":162},[33,10390,143],{"class":47},[14,10392,10393],{},[205,10394,207],{},[23,10396,10398],{"className":25,"code":10397,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[30,10399,10400],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10401,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10403,9432],{"class":47},[33,10405,236],{"class":79},[33,10407,273],{"class":83},[33,10409,236],{"class":79},[33,10411,3061],{"class":47},[33,10413,10350],{"class":51},[33,10415,55],{"class":47},[33,10417,245],{"class":79},[33,10419,282],{"class":83},[33,10421,236],{"class":79},[33,10423,3061],{"class":47},[33,10425,58],{"class":51},[33,10427,9462],{"class":47},[18,10429,10431],{"id":10430},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10433,10434],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[23,10436,10437],{"className":25,"code":9705,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,10438,10439,10469],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10440,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10442,1181],{"class":39},[33,10444,44],{"class":43},[33,10446,9326],{"class":129},[33,10448,133],{"class":47},[33,10450,7827],{"class":9331},[33,10452,44],{"class":43},[33,10454,236],{"class":79},[33,10456,5169],{"class":83},[33,10458,236],{"class":79},[33,10460,55],{"class":47},[33,10462,9344],{"class":9331},[33,10464,44],{"class":43},[33,10466,9349],{"class":51},[33,10468,143],{"class":47},[33,10470,10471,10473,10475,10477],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10472,157],{"class":156},[33,10474,133],{"class":47},[33,10476,1230],{"class":162},[33,10478,143],{"class":47},[14,10480,10481],{},[205,10482,207],{},[23,10484,10485],{"className":25,"code":9754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,10486,10487],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10488,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10490,9432],{"class":47},[33,10492,236],{"class":79},[33,10494,7827],{"class":83},[33,10496,236],{"class":79},[33,10498,3061],{"class":47},[33,10500,245],{"class":79},[33,10502,5169],{"class":83},[33,10504,236],{"class":79},[33,10506,55],{"class":47},[33,10508,245],{"class":79},[33,10510,9453],{"class":83},[33,10512,236],{"class":79},[33,10514,3061],{"class":47},[33,10516,1196],{"class":51},[33,10518,9462],{"class":47},[14,10520,10521],{},"In this form:",[316,10523,10524,10532],{},[319,10525,10526,10528,10529],{},[30,10527,7827],{}," becomes the string key ",[30,10530,10531],{},"'name'",[319,10533,10534,10528,10536],{},[30,10535,9453],{},[30,10537,10538],{},"'age'",[14,10540,10541],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10543,10544],{},"Valid examples:",[23,10546,10548],{"className":25,"code":10547,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[30,10549,10550,10588],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10551,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10563,10565,10567,10570,10572,10574,10577,10579,10581,10584,10586],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10553,1181],{"class":39},[33,10555,44],{"class":43},[33,10557,9326],{"class":129},[33,10559,133],{"class":47},[33,10561,10562],{"class":9331},"city",[33,10564,44],{"class":43},[33,10566,236],{"class":79},[33,10568,10569],{"class":83},"Paris",[33,10571,236],{"class":79},[33,10573,55],{"class":47},[33,10575,10576],{"class":9331}," country",[33,10578,44],{"class":43},[33,10580,236],{"class":79},[33,10582,10583],{"class":83},"France",[33,10585,236],{"class":79},[33,10587,143],{"class":47},[33,10589,10590,10592,10594,10596],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10591,157],{"class":156},[33,10593,133],{"class":47},[33,10595,1230],{"class":162},[33,10597,143],{"class":47},[14,10599,10600],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[316,10602,10603,10606,10609],{},[319,10604,10605],{},"spaces",[319,10607,10608],{},"hyphens",[319,10610,10611],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10613,10614,10615,10618],{},"For example, this is ",[205,10616,10617],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[23,10620,10622],{"className":25,"code":10621,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[30,10623,10624],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10625,10626],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10627,10621],{"class":1308},[14,10629,10630],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[23,10632,10634],{"className":25,"code":10633,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[30,10635,10636,10679],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10637,10638,10640,10642,10645,10647,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10639,1181],{"class":39},[33,10641,44],{"class":43},[33,10643,10644],{"class":47}," {",[33,10646,236],{"class":79},[33,10648,10649],{"class":83},"first-name",[33,10651,236],{"class":79},[33,10653,3061],{"class":47},[33,10655,245],{"class":79},[33,10657,7836],{"class":83},[33,10659,236],{"class":79},[33,10661,55],{"class":47},[33,10663,245],{"class":79},[33,10665,10666],{"class":83},"first name",[33,10668,236],{"class":79},[33,10670,3061],{"class":47},[33,10672,245],{"class":79},[33,10674,7836],{"class":83},[33,10676,236],{"class":79},[33,10678,9462],{"class":47},[33,10680,10681,10683,10685,10687],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10682,157],{"class":156},[33,10684,133],{"class":47},[33,10686,1230],{"class":162},[33,10688,143],{"class":47},[14,10690,10691],{},[205,10692,207],{},[23,10694,10696],{"className":25,"code":10695,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[30,10697,10698],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10699,10700,10702,10704,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10701,9432],{"class":47},[33,10703,236],{"class":79},[33,10705,10649],{"class":83},[33,10707,236],{"class":79},[33,10709,3061],{"class":47},[33,10711,245],{"class":79},[33,10713,7836],{"class":83},[33,10715,236],{"class":79},[33,10717,55],{"class":47},[33,10719,245],{"class":79},[33,10721,10666],{"class":83},[33,10723,236],{"class":79},[33,10725,3061],{"class":47},[33,10727,245],{"class":79},[33,10729,7836],{"class":83},[33,10731,236],{"class":79},[33,10733,9462],{"class":47},[18,10735,10737,10739,10740],{"id":10736},"dict-vs",[30,10738,9276],{}," vs ",[30,10741,3963],{},[14,10743,10744,10745,2030,10747,10749],{},"Both ",[30,10746,9276],{},[30,10748,3963],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[664,10751,672,10753,10755],{"id":10752},"use-when",[30,10754,3963],{}," when:",[316,10757,10758,10761],{},[319,10759,10760],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[319,10762,10763],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[23,10765,10766],{"className":25,"code":9980,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,10767,10768],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10769,10770,10772,10774],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10771,1181],{"class":39},[33,10773,44],{"class":43},[33,10775,9991],{"class":47},[664,10777,672,10779,10755],{"id":10778},"use-dict-when",[30,10780,9276],{},[316,10782,10783,10786,10789],{},[319,10784,10785],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[319,10787,10788],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[319,10790,10791],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[23,10793,10795],{"className":25,"code":10794,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[30,10796,10797,10834],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10798,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821,10823,10825,10827,10829,10831],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10800,1181],{"class":39},[33,10802,44],{"class":43},[33,10804,9326],{"class":129},[33,10806,9811],{"class":47},[33,10808,236],{"class":79},[33,10810,273],{"class":83},[33,10812,236],{"class":79},[33,10814,55],{"class":47},[33,10816,1119],{"class":51},[33,10818,9388],{"class":47},[33,10820,1381],{"class":47},[33,10822,236],{"class":79},[33,10824,282],{"class":83},[33,10826,236],{"class":79},[33,10828,55],{"class":47},[33,10830,58],{"class":51},[33,10832,10833],{"class":47},")])\n",[33,10835,10836,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10837,10838],{"class":39},"info ",[33,10840,44],{"class":43},[33,10842,9326],{"class":129},[33,10844,133],{"class":47},[33,10846,7827],{"class":9331},[33,10848,44],{"class":43},[33,10850,236],{"class":79},[33,10852,5169],{"class":83},[33,10854,236],{"class":79},[33,10856,55],{"class":47},[33,10858,9344],{"class":9331},[33,10860,44],{"class":43},[33,10862,9349],{"class":51},[33,10864,143],{"class":47},[14,10866,10867],{},"So:",[316,10869,10870,10875],{},[319,10871,10872,10874],{},[30,10873,3963],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[319,10876,10877,10879],{},[30,10878,9276],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10881,10882,10883,10887,10888,310],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[273,10884,10886],{"href":10885},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[273,10889,10891,10892,887],{"href":10890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[30,10893,10894],{},"get()",[18,10896,10898],{"id":10897},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10900,10901,10902,310],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[30,10903,9276],{},[664,10905,10907],{"id":10906},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10909,4691],{},[23,10911,10913],{"className":25,"code":10912,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[30,10914,10915,10939],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10916,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10918,377],{"class":39},[33,10920,44],{"class":43},[33,10922,48],{"class":47},[33,10924,236],{"class":79},[33,10926,273],{"class":83},[33,10928,236],{"class":79},[33,10930,55],{"class":47},[33,10932,245],{"class":79},[33,10934,282],{"class":83},[33,10936,236],{"class":79},[33,10938,66],{"class":47},[33,10940,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,10942,1181],{"class":39},[33,10944,44],{"class":43},[33,10946,9326],{"class":129},[33,10948,133],{"class":47},[33,10950,414],{"class":162},[33,10952,143],{"class":47},[14,10954,10955,10956,310],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[30,10957,10958],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10960,1328],{},[23,10962,10964],{"className":25,"code":10963,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[30,10965,10966,11000,11014],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,10967,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994,10996,10998],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,10969,377],{"class":39},[33,10971,44],{"class":43},[33,10973,9375],{"class":47},[33,10975,236],{"class":79},[33,10977,273],{"class":83},[33,10979,236],{"class":79},[33,10981,55],{"class":47},[33,10983,1119],{"class":51},[33,10985,9388],{"class":47},[33,10987,1381],{"class":47},[33,10989,236],{"class":79},[33,10991,282],{"class":83},[33,10993,236],{"class":79},[33,10995,55],{"class":47},[33,10997,58],{"class":51},[33,10999,9403],{"class":47},[33,11001,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11003,1181],{"class":39},[33,11005,44],{"class":43},[33,11007,9326],{"class":129},[33,11009,133],{"class":47},[33,11011,414],{"class":162},[33,11013,143],{"class":47},[33,11015,11016,11018,11020,11022],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,11017,157],{"class":156},[33,11019,133],{"class":47},[33,11021,1230],{"class":162},[33,11023,143],{"class":47},[664,11025,11027],{"id":11026},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11029,11030],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[23,11032,11034],{"className":25,"code":11033,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[30,11035,11036],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11037,11038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11039,11033],{"class":1308},[14,11041,11042,11043,3061],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[30,11044,44],{},[23,11046,11048],{"className":25,"code":11047,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[30,11049,11050,11072],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11051,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062,11064,11066,11068,11070],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11053,1181],{"class":39},[33,11055,44],{"class":43},[33,11057,9326],{"class":129},[33,11059,133],{"class":47},[33,11061,7827],{"class":9331},[33,11063,44],{"class":43},[33,11065,236],{"class":79},[33,11067,5169],{"class":83},[33,11069,236],{"class":79},[33,11071,143],{"class":47},[33,11073,11074,11076,11078,11080],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11075,157],{"class":156},[33,11077,133],{"class":47},[33,11079,1230],{"class":162},[33,11081,143],{"class":47},[664,11083,11085],{"id":11084},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11087,11088],{},"This will not work:",[23,11090,11091],{"className":25,"code":10621,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,11092,11093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11094,11095],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11096,10621],{"class":1308},[14,11098,11099],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[23,11101,11103],{"className":25,"code":11102,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[30,11104,11105,11129],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11106,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11108,1181],{"class":39},[33,11110,44],{"class":43},[33,11112,10644],{"class":47},[33,11114,236],{"class":79},[33,11116,10649],{"class":83},[33,11118,236],{"class":79},[33,11120,3061],{"class":47},[33,11122,245],{"class":79},[33,11124,7836],{"class":83},[33,11126,236],{"class":79},[33,11128,9462],{"class":47},[33,11130,11131,11133,11135,11137],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11132,157],{"class":156},[33,11134,133],{"class":47},[33,11136,1230],{"class":162},[33,11138,143],{"class":47},[664,11140,11142],{"id":11141},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11144,11145],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[23,11147,11149],{"className":25,"code":11148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[30,11150,11151,11187],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11152,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167,11169,11171,11173,11175,11177,11179,11181,11183,11185],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11154,1181],{"class":39},[33,11156,44],{"class":43},[33,11158,9326],{"class":129},[33,11160,9811],{"class":47},[33,11162,236],{"class":79},[33,11164,2351],{"class":83},[33,11166,236],{"class":79},[33,11168,55],{"class":47},[33,11170,1119],{"class":51},[33,11172,9388],{"class":47},[33,11174,1381],{"class":47},[33,11176,236],{"class":79},[33,11178,2351],{"class":83},[33,11180,236],{"class":79},[33,11182,55],{"class":47},[33,11184,58],{"class":51},[33,11186,10833],{"class":47},[33,11188,11189,11191,11193,11195],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11190,157],{"class":156},[33,11192,133],{"class":47},[33,11194,1230],{"class":162},[33,11196,143],{"class":47},[14,11198,11199],{},[205,11200,207],{},[23,11202,11204],{"className":25,"code":11203,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'x': 2}\n",[30,11205,11206],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11207,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216,11218,11220],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11209,9432],{"class":47},[33,11211,236],{"class":79},[33,11213,2351],{"class":83},[33,11215,236],{"class":79},[33,11217,3061],{"class":47},[33,11219,58],{"class":51},[33,11221,9462],{"class":47},[14,11223,11224,11225,310],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[273,11226,11228],{"href":11227},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[18,11230,3006],{"id":3005},[14,11232,11233,11234,11236],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[30,11235,9276],{}," include:",[316,11238,11239,11248,11254,11257],{},[319,11240,11241,11242,1361,11245],{},"passing a list like ",[30,11243,11244],{},"['a', 'b']",[30,11246,11247],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[319,11249,11250,11251],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[30,11252,11253],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[319,11255,11256],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[319,11258,11259,11260,11262],{},"confusing ",[30,11261,9276],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11264,11265],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[23,11267,11269],{"className":25,"code":11268,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[30,11270,11271,11285,11295,11306],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11272,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11274,157],{"class":156},[33,11276,133],{"class":47},[33,11278,1406],{"class":129},[33,11280,133],{"class":47},[33,11282,1230],{"class":162},[33,11284,733],{"class":47},[33,11286,11287,11289,11291,11293],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11288,157],{"class":156},[33,11290,133],{"class":47},[33,11292,1230],{"class":162},[33,11294,143],{"class":47},[33,11296,11297,11299,11301,11304],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,11298,157],{"class":156},[33,11300,133],{"class":47},[33,11302,11303],{"class":162},"list_of_pairs",[33,11305,143],{"class":47},[33,11307,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,11309,157],{"class":156},[33,11311,133],{"class":47},[33,11313,726],{"class":156},[33,11315,133],{"class":47},[33,11317,11303],{"class":162},[33,11319,733],{"class":47},[14,11321,11322],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[316,11324,11325,11328,11331],{},[319,11326,11327],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[319,11329,11330],{},"what data is being passed in",[319,11332,11333],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[18,11335,1961],{"id":1960},[664,11337,2027,11339,2030,11341,2033],{"id":11338},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[30,11340,9276],{},[30,11342,3963],{},[14,11344,11345,11347,11348,11350],{},[30,11346,3963],{}," is the short literal form. ",[30,11349,9276],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[664,11352,5334,11354,11356],{"id":11353},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[30,11355,9276],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11358,11359,11360,310],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[30,11361,11247],{},[664,11363,5322,11365,11368],{"id":11364},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[30,11366,11367],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11370,11371],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[664,11373,11375,11376,11378],{"id":11374},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[30,11377,9276],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11380,11381,11382,11385],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[30,11383,11384],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[18,11387,2045],{"id":2044},[316,11389,11390,11395,11399,11404,11410],{},[319,11391,11392],{},[273,11393,11394],{"href":9544},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[319,11396,11397],{},[273,11398,9312],{"href":9311},[319,11400,11401],{},[273,11402,11403],{"href":10885},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[319,11405,11406],{},[273,11407,10891,11408,887],{"href":10890},[30,11409,10894],{},[319,11411,11412],{},[273,11413,11414],{"href":11227},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2097,11416,11417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":11419},[11420,11422,11428,11429,11430,11431,11438,11444,11445,11455],{"id":9498,"depth":69,"text":11421},"What dict() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":11423},[11424,11425,11426,11427],{"id":9555,"depth":110,"text":9556},{"id":9597,"depth":110,"text":9598},{"id":9701,"depth":110,"text":9702},{"id":9791,"depth":110,"text":9792},{"id":9903,"depth":69,"text":9556},{"id":10007,"depth":69,"text":10008},{"id":10430,"depth":69,"text":10431},{"id":10736,"depth":69,"text":11432,"children":11433},"dict() vs {}",[11434,11436],{"id":10752,"depth":110,"text":11435},"Use {} when:",{"id":10778,"depth":110,"text":11437},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10897,"depth":69,"text":10898,"children":11439},[11440,11441,11442,11443],{"id":10906,"depth":110,"text":10907},{"id":11026,"depth":110,"text":11027},{"id":11084,"depth":110,"text":11085},{"id":11141,"depth":110,"text":11142},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":11446},[11447,11449,11451,11453],{"id":11338,"depth":110,"text":11448},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11353,"depth":110,"text":11450},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11364,"depth":110,"text":11452},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11374,"depth":110,"text":11454},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9268,"description":11456},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11463,"title":11464,"body":11465,"description":12975,"extension":2138,"meta":12976,"navigation":149,"path":12977,"seo":12978,"stem":12979,"__hash__":12980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11466,"toc":12944},[11467,11474,11480,11487,11489,11550,11555,11560,11565,11583,11586,11590,11592,11608,11611,11624,11628,11631,11765,11767,11834,11837,11853,11859,11865,11868,11950,11952,11966,11970,11976,12041,12043,12051,12054,12077,12083,12146,12152,12155,12169,12182,12186,12197,12202,12213,12219,12223,12229,12351,12353,12379,12382,12399,12402,12513,12515,12564,12566,12579,12588,12593,12598,12609,12611,12714,12737,12739,12743,12762,12765,12823,12826,12852,12854,12861,12864,12870,12874,12881,12889,12895,12898,12900,12941],[10,11468,11470,11471,2059],{"id":11469},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[30,11472,11473],{},"clear()",[14,11475,11476,11479],{},[30,11477,11478],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11481,11482,11483,11486],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[205,11484,11485],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[18,11488,2180],{"id":2179},[23,11490,11492],{"className":25,"code":11491,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[30,11493,11494,11526,11537],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11495,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11510,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522,11524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11497,1181],{"class":39},[33,11499,44],{"class":43},[33,11501,10644],{"class":47},[33,11503,80],{"class":79},[33,11505,273],{"class":83},[33,11507,80],{"class":79},[33,11509,3061],{"class":47},[33,11511,1119],{"class":51},[33,11513,55],{"class":47},[33,11515,91],{"class":79},[33,11517,282],{"class":83},[33,11519,80],{"class":79},[33,11521,3061],{"class":47},[33,11523,58],{"class":51},[33,11525,9462],{"class":47},[33,11527,11528,11530,11532,11535],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11529,1230],{"class":39},[33,11531,310],{"class":47},[33,11533,11534],{"class":162},"clear",[33,11536,1671],{"class":47},[33,11538,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,11540,157],{"class":156},[33,11542,133],{"class":47},[33,11544,1230],{"class":162},[33,11546,3831],{"class":47},[33,11548,11549],{"class":1308},"  # {}\n",[14,11551,11552,11554],{},[30,11553,11473],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[18,11556,3848,11558,3851],{"id":11557},"what-clear-does",[30,11559,11473],{},[14,11561,2155,11562,11564],{},[30,11563,11473],{}," method:",[316,11566,11567,11570,11573,11578],{},[319,11568,11569],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[319,11571,11572],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[319,11574,11575,11576],{},"Returns ",[30,11577,3950],{},[319,11579,11580,11581],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[30,11582,3963],{},[14,11584,11585],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11587,9308,11588,310],{},[273,11589,9312],{"href":9311},[18,11591,2334],{"id":2333},[23,11593,11595],{"className":25,"code":11594,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict.clear()\n",[30,11596,11597],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11598,11599,11602,11604,11606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11600,11601],{"class":39},"my_dict",[33,11603,310],{"class":47},[33,11605,11534],{"class":162},[33,11607,1671],{"class":47},[14,11609,11610],{},"Important points:",[316,11612,11613,11618,11621],{},[319,11614,11615,11617],{},[30,11616,11473],{}," takes no arguments",[319,11619,11620],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[319,11622,11623],{},"It empties that dictionary",[18,11625,11627],{"id":11626},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11629,11630],{},"Here is a basic example:",[23,11632,11634],{"className":25,"code":11633,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[30,11635,11636,11646,11667,11681,11698,11702,11706,11726,11730,11741,11745],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11637,11638,11641,11643],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11639,11640],{"class":39},"user ",[33,11642,44],{"class":43},[33,11644,11645],{"class":47}," {\n",[33,11647,11648,11651,11653,11655,11657,11659,11662,11664],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11649,11650],{"class":79},"    \"",[33,11652,7827],{"class":83},[33,11654,80],{"class":79},[33,11656,3061],{"class":47},[33,11658,91],{"class":79},[33,11660,11661],{"class":83},"Maya",[33,11663,80],{"class":79},[33,11665,11666],{"class":47},",\n",[33,11668,11669,11671,11673,11675,11677,11679],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,11670,11650],{"class":79},[33,11672,9453],{"class":83},[33,11674,80],{"class":79},[33,11676,3061],{"class":47},[33,11678,1196],{"class":51},[33,11680,11666],{"class":47},[33,11682,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11696],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,11684,11650],{"class":79},[33,11686,10562],{"class":83},[33,11688,80],{"class":79},[33,11690,3061],{"class":47},[33,11692,91],{"class":79},[33,11694,11695],{"class":83},"Berlin",[33,11697,3532],{"class":79},[33,11699,11700],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,11701,9462],{"class":47},[33,11703,11704],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,11705,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,11707,11708,11710,11712,11714,11717,11719,11721,11724],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,11709,157],{"class":156},[33,11711,133],{"class":47},[33,11713,80],{"class":79},[33,11715,11716],{"class":83},"Before:",[33,11718,80],{"class":79},[33,11720,55],{"class":47},[33,11722,11723],{"class":162}," user",[33,11725,143],{"class":47},[33,11727,11728],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,11729,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,11731,11732,11735,11737,11739],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,11733,11734],{"class":39},"user",[33,11736,310],{"class":47},[33,11738,11534],{"class":162},[33,11740,1671],{"class":47},[33,11742,11743],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,11744,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11757,11759,11761,11763],{"class":35,"line":11747},11,[33,11749,157],{"class":156},[33,11751,133],{"class":47},[33,11753,80],{"class":79},[33,11755,11756],{"class":83},"After:",[33,11758,80],{"class":79},[33,11760,55],{"class":47},[33,11762,11723],{"class":162},[33,11764,143],{"class":47},[14,11766,5718],{},[23,11768,11770],{"className":25,"code":11769,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[30,11771,11772,11825],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11773,11774,11777,11779,11781,11783,11785,11787,11789,11791,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11775,11776],{"class":39},"Before",[33,11778,3061],{"class":47},[33,11780,10644],{"class":47},[33,11782,236],{"class":79},[33,11784,7827],{"class":83},[33,11786,236],{"class":79},[33,11788,3061],{"class":47},[33,11790,245],{"class":79},[33,11792,11661],{"class":83},[33,11794,236],{"class":79},[33,11796,55],{"class":47},[33,11798,245],{"class":79},[33,11800,9453],{"class":83},[33,11802,236],{"class":79},[33,11804,3061],{"class":47},[33,11806,1196],{"class":51},[33,11808,55],{"class":47},[33,11810,245],{"class":79},[33,11812,10562],{"class":83},[33,11814,236],{"class":79},[33,11816,3061],{"class":47},[33,11818,245],{"class":79},[33,11820,11695],{"class":83},[33,11822,236],{"class":79},[33,11824,9462],{"class":47},[33,11826,11827,11830,11832],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11828,11829],{"class":39},"After",[33,11831,3061],{"class":47},[33,11833,9991],{"class":47},[14,11835,11836],{},"What happens here:",[316,11838,11839,11844,11850],{},[319,11840,11841,11843],{},[30,11842,11734],{}," starts with three items",[319,11845,11846,11849],{},[30,11847,11848],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[319,11851,11852],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[18,11854,3848,11856,11858],{"id":11855},"what-clear-returns",[30,11857,11473],{}," returns",[14,11860,11861,2572,11863,310],{},[30,11862,11473],{},[30,11864,3950],{},[14,11866,11867],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[23,11869,11871],{"className":25,"code":11870,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[30,11872,11873,11907,11911,11926,11930,11940],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11874,11875,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11899,11901,11903,11905],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11876,11877],{"class":39},"my_dict ",[33,11879,44],{"class":43},[33,11881,10644],{"class":47},[33,11883,80],{"class":79},[33,11885,2351],{"class":83},[33,11887,80],{"class":79},[33,11889,3061],{"class":47},[33,11891,1119],{"class":51},[33,11893,55],{"class":47},[33,11895,91],{"class":79},[33,11897,11898],{"class":83},"y",[33,11900,80],{"class":79},[33,11902,3061],{"class":47},[33,11904,58],{"class":51},[33,11906,9462],{"class":47},[33,11908,11909],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11910,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,11912,11913,11915,11917,11920,11922,11924],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,11914,1506],{"class":39},[33,11916,44],{"class":43},[33,11918,11919],{"class":39}," my_dict",[33,11921,310],{"class":47},[33,11923,11534],{"class":162},[33,11925,1671],{"class":47},[33,11927,11928],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,11929,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,11931,11932,11934,11936,11938],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,11933,157],{"class":156},[33,11935,133],{"class":47},[33,11937,1530],{"class":162},[33,11939,143],{"class":47},[33,11941,11942,11944,11946,11948],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,11943,157],{"class":156},[33,11945,133],{"class":47},[33,11947,11601],{"class":162},[33,11949,143],{"class":47},[14,11951,207],{},[23,11953,11955],{"className":25,"code":11954,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\n{}\n",[30,11956,11957,11962],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11958,11959],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11960,11961],{"class":398},"None\n",[33,11963,11964],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,11965,9588],{"class":47},[664,11967,11969],{"id":11968},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11971,11972,11973,11975],{},"Do ",[205,11974,4796],{}," do this:",[23,11977,11979],{"className":25,"code":11978,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[30,11980,11981,12013,12027,12031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,11982,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009,12011],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,11984,11877],{"class":39},[33,11986,44],{"class":43},[33,11988,10644],{"class":47},[33,11990,80],{"class":79},[33,11992,2351],{"class":83},[33,11994,80],{"class":79},[33,11996,3061],{"class":47},[33,11998,1119],{"class":51},[33,12000,55],{"class":47},[33,12002,91],{"class":79},[33,12004,11898],{"class":83},[33,12006,80],{"class":79},[33,12008,3061],{"class":47},[33,12010,58],{"class":51},[33,12012,9462],{"class":47},[33,12014,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12016,11877],{"class":39},[33,12018,44],{"class":43},[33,12020,11919],{"class":39},[33,12022,310],{"class":47},[33,12024,11534],{"class":162},[33,12026,1671],{"class":47},[33,12028,12029],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12030,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12032,12033,12035,12037,12039],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12034,157],{"class":156},[33,12036,133],{"class":47},[33,12038,11601],{"class":162},[33,12040,143],{"class":47},[14,12042,207],{},[23,12044,12045],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,12046,12047],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12048,12049],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12050,11961],{"class":398},[14,12052,12053],{},"Why this happens:",[316,12055,12056,12062,12067],{},[319,12057,12058,12061],{},[30,12059,12060],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[319,12063,12064,12065],{},"The method returns ",[30,12066,3950],{},[319,12068,12069,12070,12073,12074,12076],{},"Then ",[30,12071,12072],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[30,12075,3950],{}," in the variable",[14,12078,12079,12080,12082],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[30,12081,11473],{}," by itself:",[23,12084,12086],{"className":25,"code":12085,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[30,12087,12088,12120,12130,12134],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12089,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098,12100,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112,12114,12116,12118],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12091,11877],{"class":39},[33,12093,44],{"class":43},[33,12095,10644],{"class":47},[33,12097,80],{"class":79},[33,12099,2351],{"class":83},[33,12101,80],{"class":79},[33,12103,3061],{"class":47},[33,12105,1119],{"class":51},[33,12107,55],{"class":47},[33,12109,91],{"class":79},[33,12111,11898],{"class":83},[33,12113,80],{"class":79},[33,12115,3061],{"class":47},[33,12117,58],{"class":51},[33,12119,9462],{"class":47},[33,12121,12122,12124,12126,12128],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12123,11601],{"class":39},[33,12125,310],{"class":47},[33,12127,11534],{"class":162},[33,12129,1671],{"class":47},[33,12131,12132],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12133,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12135,12136,12138,12140,12142,12144],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12137,157],{"class":156},[33,12139,133],{"class":47},[33,12141,11601],{"class":162},[33,12143,3831],{"class":47},[33,12145,11549],{"class":1308},[18,12147,12149,12151],{"id":12148},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[30,12150,11473],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12153,12154],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[23,12156,12157],{"className":25,"code":11594,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,12158,12159],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12160,12161,12163,12165,12167],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12162,11601],{"class":39},[33,12164,310],{"class":47},[33,12166,11534],{"class":162},[33,12168,1671],{"class":47},[23,12170,12172],{"className":25,"code":12171,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {}\n",[30,12173,12174],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12175,12176,12178,12180],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12177,11877],{"class":39},[33,12179,44],{"class":43},[33,12181,9991],{"class":47},[664,12183,12184],{"id":11534},[30,12185,11473],{},[316,12187,12188,12191,12194],{},[319,12189,12190],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[319,12192,12193],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[319,12195,12196],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[664,12198,12199],{"id":11601},[30,12200,12201],{},"my_dict = {}",[316,12203,12204,12207,12210],{},[319,12205,12206],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[319,12208,12209],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[319,12211,12212],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12214,12215,12216,310],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[273,12217,12218],{"href":2088},"mutable vs immutable types in Python",[18,12220,12222],{"id":12221},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12224,12225,12226,12228],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[30,12227,11473],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[23,12230,12232],{"className":25,"code":12231,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[30,12233,12234,12267,12277,12281,12292,12296,12316,12336],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12235,12236,12239,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12237,12238],{"class":39},"original ",[33,12240,44],{"class":43},[33,12242,10644],{"class":47},[33,12244,80],{"class":79},[33,12246,273],{"class":83},[33,12248,80],{"class":79},[33,12250,3061],{"class":47},[33,12252,1119],{"class":51},[33,12254,55],{"class":47},[33,12256,91],{"class":79},[33,12258,282],{"class":83},[33,12260,80],{"class":79},[33,12262,3061],{"class":47},[33,12264,58],{"class":51},[33,12266,9462],{"class":47},[33,12268,12269,12272,12274],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12270,12271],{"class":39},"other_ref ",[33,12273,44],{"class":43},[33,12275,12276],{"class":39}," original\n",[33,12278,12279],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12280,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12282,12283,12286,12288,12290],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12284,12285],{"class":39},"original",[33,12287,310],{"class":47},[33,12289,11534],{"class":162},[33,12291,1671],{"class":47},[33,12293,12294],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,12295,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12297,12298,12300,12302,12304,12307,12309,12311,12314],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,12299,157],{"class":156},[33,12301,133],{"class":47},[33,12303,80],{"class":79},[33,12305,12306],{"class":83},"original:",[33,12308,80],{"class":79},[33,12310,55],{"class":47},[33,12312,12313],{"class":162}," original",[33,12315,143],{"class":47},[33,12317,12318,12320,12322,12324,12327,12329,12331,12334],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,12319,157],{"class":156},[33,12321,133],{"class":47},[33,12323,80],{"class":79},[33,12325,12326],{"class":83},"other_ref:",[33,12328,80],{"class":79},[33,12330,55],{"class":47},[33,12332,12333],{"class":162}," other_ref",[33,12335,143],{"class":47},[33,12337,12338,12340,12342,12344,12347,12349],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,12339,157],{"class":156},[33,12341,133],{"class":47},[33,12343,12238],{"class":162},[33,12345,12346],{"class":4046},"is",[33,12348,12333],{"class":162},[33,12350,143],{"class":47},[14,12352,207],{},[23,12354,12356],{"className":25,"code":12355,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[30,12357,12358,12366,12375],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12359,12360,12362,12364],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12361,12285],{"class":39},[33,12363,3061],{"class":47},[33,12365,9991],{"class":47},[33,12367,12368,12371,12373],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12369,12370],{"class":39},"other_ref",[33,12372,3061],{"class":47},[33,12374,9991],{"class":47},[33,12376,12377],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12378,4148],{"class":398},[14,12380,12381],{},"This shows:",[316,12383,12384,12391,12396],{},[319,12385,12386,2030,12388,12390],{},[30,12387,12285],{},[30,12389,12370],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[319,12392,12393,12395],{},[30,12394,11473],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[319,12397,12398],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12400,12401],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[23,12403,12405],{"className":25,"code":12404,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[30,12406,12407,12439,12447,12451,12459,12463,12481,12499],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12408,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12410,12238],{"class":39},[33,12412,44],{"class":43},[33,12414,10644],{"class":47},[33,12416,80],{"class":79},[33,12418,273],{"class":83},[33,12420,80],{"class":79},[33,12422,3061],{"class":47},[33,12424,1119],{"class":51},[33,12426,55],{"class":47},[33,12428,91],{"class":79},[33,12430,282],{"class":83},[33,12432,80],{"class":79},[33,12434,3061],{"class":47},[33,12436,58],{"class":51},[33,12438,9462],{"class":47},[33,12440,12441,12443,12445],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12442,12271],{"class":39},[33,12444,44],{"class":43},[33,12446,12276],{"class":39},[33,12448,12449],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12450,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12452,12453,12455,12457],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12454,12238],{"class":39},[33,12456,44],{"class":43},[33,12458,9991],{"class":47},[33,12460,12461],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,12462,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12464,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,12466,157],{"class":156},[33,12468,133],{"class":47},[33,12470,80],{"class":79},[33,12472,12306],{"class":83},[33,12474,80],{"class":79},[33,12476,55],{"class":47},[33,12478,12313],{"class":162},[33,12480,143],{"class":47},[33,12482,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,12484,157],{"class":156},[33,12486,133],{"class":47},[33,12488,80],{"class":79},[33,12490,12326],{"class":83},[33,12492,80],{"class":79},[33,12494,55],{"class":47},[33,12496,12333],{"class":162},[33,12498,143],{"class":47},[33,12500,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509,12511],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,12502,157],{"class":156},[33,12504,133],{"class":47},[33,12506,12238],{"class":162},[33,12508,12346],{"class":4046},[33,12510,12333],{"class":162},[33,12512,143],{"class":47},[14,12514,207],{},[23,12516,12518],{"className":25,"code":12517,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[30,12519,12520,12528,12560],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12521,12522,12524,12526],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12523,12285],{"class":39},[33,12525,3061],{"class":47},[33,12527,9991],{"class":47},[33,12529,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12531,12370],{"class":39},[33,12533,3061],{"class":47},[33,12535,10644],{"class":47},[33,12537,236],{"class":79},[33,12539,273],{"class":83},[33,12541,236],{"class":79},[33,12543,3061],{"class":47},[33,12545,1119],{"class":51},[33,12547,55],{"class":47},[33,12549,245],{"class":79},[33,12551,282],{"class":83},[33,12553,236],{"class":79},[33,12555,3061],{"class":47},[33,12557,58],{"class":51},[33,12559,9462],{"class":47},[33,12561,12562],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12563,4209],{"class":398},[14,12565,2356],{},[316,12567,12568,12574],{},[319,12569,12570,12573],{},[30,12571,12572],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[319,12575,12576,12578],{},[30,12577,12370],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12580,12581,12582,310],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[273,12583,12585],{"href":12584},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[30,12586,12587],{},"dict.copy()",[18,12589,5127,12591],{"id":12590},"when-to-use-clear",[30,12592,11473],{},[14,12594,12595,12597],{},[30,12596,11473],{}," is useful when you want to:",[316,12599,12600,12603,12606],{},[319,12601,12602],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[319,12604,12605],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[319,12607,12608],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12610,367],{},[23,12612,12614],{"className":25,"code":12613,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[30,12615,12616,12625,12641,12661,12674,12678,12682,12687,12698,12702],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12617,12618,12621,12623],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12619,12620],{"class":39},"session_data ",[33,12622,44],{"class":43},[33,12624,11645],{"class":47},[33,12626,12627,12629,12632,12634,12636,12639],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12628,11650],{"class":79},[33,12630,12631],{"class":83},"user_id",[33,12633,80],{"class":79},[33,12635,3061],{"class":47},[33,12637,12638],{"class":51}," 101",[33,12640,11666],{"class":47},[33,12642,12643,12645,12648,12650,12652,12654,12657,12659],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12644,11650],{"class":79},[33,12646,12647],{"class":83},"theme",[33,12649,80],{"class":79},[33,12651,3061],{"class":47},[33,12653,91],{"class":79},[33,12655,12656],{"class":83},"dark",[33,12658,80],{"class":79},[33,12660,11666],{"class":47},[33,12662,12663,12665,12668,12670,12672],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12664,11650],{"class":79},[33,12666,12667],{"class":83},"logged_in",[33,12669,80],{"class":79},[33,12671,3061],{"class":47},[33,12673,6582],{"class":398},[33,12675,12676],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,12677,9462],{"class":47},[33,12679,12680],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,12681,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12683,12684],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,12685,12686],{"class":1308},"# Reset for a new session\n",[33,12688,12689,12692,12694,12696],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,12690,12691],{"class":39},"session_data",[33,12693,310],{"class":47},[33,12695,11534],{"class":162},[33,12697,1671],{"class":47},[33,12699,12700],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,12701,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,12703,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,12705,157],{"class":156},[33,12707,133],{"class":47},[33,12709,12691],{"class":162},[33,12711,3831],{"class":47},[33,12713,11549],{"class":1308},[14,12715,12716,12717,12723,12724,310,12728,12730,12731,310],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[273,12718,12720],{"href":12719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[30,12721,12722],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[273,12725,12727],{"href":12726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9999,12729],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[273,12732,12734],{"href":12733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[30,12735,12736],{},"dict.popitem()",[18,12738,3006],{"id":3005},[14,12740,10901,12741,3061],{},[30,12742,11473],{},[316,12744,12745,12751,12756,12759],{},[319,12746,12747,12748,12750],{},"Assigning the result of ",[30,12749,11473],{}," to a variable",[319,12752,1487,12753,12755],{},[30,12754,11473],{}," to return a new dictionary",[319,12757,12758],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[319,12760,12761],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12763,12764],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[23,12766,12768],{"className":25,"code":12767,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[30,12769,12770,12780,12794,12809],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,12771,12772,12774,12776,12778],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,12773,157],{"class":156},[33,12775,133],{"class":47},[33,12777,11601],{"class":162},[33,12779,143],{"class":47},[33,12781,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,12783,157],{"class":156},[33,12785,133],{"class":47},[33,12787,1406],{"class":129},[33,12789,133],{"class":47},[33,12791,11601],{"class":162},[33,12793,733],{"class":47},[33,12795,12796,12798,12800,12803,12805,12807],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,12797,157],{"class":156},[33,12799,133],{"class":47},[33,12801,12802],{"class":156},"id",[33,12804,133],{"class":47},[33,12806,11601],{"class":162},[33,12808,733],{"class":47},[33,12810,12811,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,12812,157],{"class":156},[33,12814,133],{"class":47},[33,12816,12271],{"class":162},[33,12818,12346],{"class":4046},[33,12820,11919],{"class":162},[33,12822,143],{"class":47},[14,12824,12825],{},"What these show:",[316,12827,12828,12834,12840,12846],{},[319,12829,12830,12833],{},[30,12831,12832],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[319,12835,12836,12839],{},[30,12837,12838],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[319,12841,12842,12845],{},[30,12843,12844],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[319,12847,12848,12851],{},[30,12849,12850],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[18,12853,1961],{"id":1960},[664,12855,12857,12858,12860],{"id":12856},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[30,12859,11473],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12862,12863],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[664,12865,2007,12867,12869],{"id":12866},"what-does-dictclear-return",[30,12868,11478],{}," return?",[14,12871,5312,12872,310],{},[30,12873,3950],{},[664,12875,2027,12877,2030,12879,2033],{"id":12876},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[30,12878,11473],{},[30,12880,3963],{},[14,12882,12883,12885,12886,12888],{},[30,12884,11473],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[30,12887,3963],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[664,12890,12857,12892,12894],{"id":12891},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[30,12893,11473],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12896,12897],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[18,12899,2045],{"id":2044},[316,12901,12902,12906,12910,12917,12924,12931,12936],{},[319,12903,12904],{},[273,12905,9312],{"href":9311},[319,12907,12908],{},[273,12909,11394],{"href":9544},[319,12911,12912],{},[273,12913,10891,12914,887],{"href":12719},[30,12915,12916],{},"pop()",[319,12918,12919],{},[273,12920,10891,12921,887],{"href":12733},[30,12922,12923],{},"popitem()",[319,12925,12926],{},[273,12927,10891,12928,887],{"href":12584},[30,12929,12930],{},"copy()",[319,12932,12933],{},[273,12934,12935],{"href":2088},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[319,12937,12938],{},[273,12939,12940],{"href":12726},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2097,12942,12943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":12945},[12946,12947,12949,12950,12951,12955,12960,12961,12963,12964,12974],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":11557,"depth":69,"text":12948},"What clear() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":11855,"depth":69,"text":12952,"children":12953},"What clear() returns",[12954],{"id":11968,"depth":110,"text":11969},{"id":12148,"depth":69,"text":12956,"children":12957},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12958,12959],{"id":11534,"depth":110,"text":11473},{"id":11601,"depth":110,"text":12201},{"id":12221,"depth":69,"text":12222},{"id":12590,"depth":69,"text":12962},"When to use clear()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":12965},[12966,12968,12970,12972],{"id":12856,"depth":110,"text":12967},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12866,"depth":110,"text":12969},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12876,"depth":110,"text":12971},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12891,"depth":110,"text":12973},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11464,"description":12975},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12982,"title":12983,"body":12984,"description":15151,"extension":2138,"meta":15152,"navigation":149,"path":15153,"seo":15154,"stem":15155,"__hash__":15156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12985,"toc":15123},[12986,12991,12996,13006,13008,13096,13100,13141,13146,13153,13171,13180,13182,13203,13206,13218,13220,13299,13303,13344,13346,13349,13477,13481,13561,13564,13582,13585,13589,13595,13597,13608,13610,13804,13808,13914,13917,13935,13938,13945,13950,13954,13968,13970,14097,14101,14181,14194,14200,14203,14211,14215,14341,14345,14419,14424,14555,14559,14633,14636,14650,14654,14658,14672,14674,14810,14814,14883,14885,14890,14912,14915,15022,15025,15036,15043,15045,15051,15054,15061,15064,15071,15079,15083,15086,15088,15120],[10,12987,11470,12989,2059],{"id":12988},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[30,12990,12930],{},[14,12992,12993,12995],{},[30,12994,12587],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12997,12998,12999,13001,13002,13005],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[30,13000,12930],{}," makes a ",[205,13003,13004],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[18,13007,2180],{"id":2179},[23,13009,13011],{"className":25,"code":13010,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[30,13012,13013,13050,13067,13071,13082],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13014,13015,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13016,13017],{"class":39},"student ",[33,13019,44],{"class":43},[33,13021,10644],{"class":47},[33,13023,80],{"class":79},[33,13025,7827],{"class":83},[33,13027,80],{"class":79},[33,13029,3061],{"class":47},[33,13031,91],{"class":79},[33,13033,84],{"class":83},[33,13035,80],{"class":79},[33,13037,55],{"class":47},[33,13039,91],{"class":79},[33,13041,9453],{"class":83},[33,13043,80],{"class":79},[33,13045,3061],{"class":47},[33,13047,7949],{"class":51},[33,13049,9462],{"class":47},[33,13051,13052,13055,13057,13060,13062,13065],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13053,13054],{"class":39},"student_copy ",[33,13056,44],{"class":43},[33,13058,13059],{"class":39}," student",[33,13061,310],{"class":47},[33,13063,13064],{"class":162},"copy",[33,13066,1671],{"class":47},[33,13068,13069],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,13070,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13072,13073,13075,13077,13080],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,13074,157],{"class":156},[33,13076,133],{"class":47},[33,13078,13079],{"class":162},"student_copy",[33,13081,143],{"class":47},[33,13083,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,13085,157],{"class":156},[33,13087,133],{"class":47},[33,13089,13054],{"class":162},[33,13091,12346],{"class":4046},[33,13093,13059],{"class":162},[33,13095,143],{"class":47},[14,13097,13098],{},[205,13099,207],{},[23,13101,13103],{"className":25,"code":13102,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[30,13104,13105,13137],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13106,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13108,9432],{"class":47},[33,13110,236],{"class":79},[33,13112,7827],{"class":83},[33,13114,236],{"class":79},[33,13116,3061],{"class":47},[33,13118,245],{"class":79},[33,13120,84],{"class":83},[33,13122,236],{"class":79},[33,13124,55],{"class":47},[33,13126,245],{"class":79},[33,13128,9453],{"class":83},[33,13130,236],{"class":79},[33,13132,3061],{"class":47},[33,13134,7949],{"class":51},[33,13136,9462],{"class":47},[33,13138,13139],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13140,4209],{"class":398},[14,13142,672,13143,13145],{},[30,13144,12930],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[18,13147,13149,13150,13152],{"id":13148},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[30,13151,12930],{}," method does",[316,13154,13155,13160,13163,13168],{},[319,13156,13157,13159],{},[30,13158,12587],{}," returns a new dictionary",[319,13161,13162],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[319,13164,13165,13166],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[30,13167,12930],{},[319,13169,13170],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13172,13173,13174,453,13177,310],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[273,13175,9312],{"href":13176},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[273,13178,9545],{"href":13179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[18,13181,2334],{"id":2333},[23,13183,13185],{"className":25,"code":13184,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[30,13186,13187],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13188,13189,13192,13194,13197,13199,13201],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13190,13191],{"class":39},"new_dict ",[33,13193,44],{"class":43},[33,13195,13196],{"class":39}," old_dict",[33,13198,310],{"class":47},[33,13200,13064],{"class":162},[33,13202,1671],{"class":47},[14,13204,13205],{},"Key points:",[316,13207,13208,13212,13215],{},[319,13209,13210,11617],{},[30,13211,12930],{},[319,13213,13214],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[319,13216,13217],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13219,367],{},[23,13221,13223],{"className":25,"code":13222,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[30,13224,13225,13268,13284,13288],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13226,13227,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13264,13266],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13228,13229],{"class":39},"colors ",[33,13231,44],{"class":43},[33,13233,10644],{"class":47},[33,13235,80],{"class":79},[33,13237,273],{"class":83},[33,13239,80],{"class":79},[33,13241,3061],{"class":47},[33,13243,91],{"class":79},[33,13245,13246],{"class":83},"red",[33,13248,80],{"class":79},[33,13250,55],{"class":47},[33,13252,91],{"class":79},[33,13254,282],{"class":83},[33,13256,80],{"class":79},[33,13258,3061],{"class":47},[33,13260,91],{"class":79},[33,13262,13263],{"class":83},"blue",[33,13265,80],{"class":79},[33,13267,9462],{"class":47},[33,13269,13270,13273,13275,13278,13280,13282],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13271,13272],{"class":39},"new_colors ",[33,13274,44],{"class":43},[33,13276,13277],{"class":39}," colors",[33,13279,310],{"class":47},[33,13281,13064],{"class":162},[33,13283,1671],{"class":47},[33,13285,13286],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,13287,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13289,13290,13292,13294,13297],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,13291,157],{"class":156},[33,13293,133],{"class":47},[33,13295,13296],{"class":162},"new_colors",[33,13298,143],{"class":47},[14,13300,13301],{},[205,13302,207],{},[23,13304,13306],{"className":25,"code":13305,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[30,13307,13308],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13309,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13311,9432],{"class":47},[33,13313,236],{"class":79},[33,13315,273],{"class":83},[33,13317,236],{"class":79},[33,13319,3061],{"class":47},[33,13321,245],{"class":79},[33,13323,13246],{"class":83},[33,13325,236],{"class":79},[33,13327,55],{"class":47},[33,13329,245],{"class":79},[33,13331,282],{"class":83},[33,13333,236],{"class":79},[33,13335,3061],{"class":47},[33,13337,245],{"class":79},[33,13339,13263],{"class":83},[33,13341,236],{"class":79},[33,13343,9462],{"class":47},[18,13345,11627],{"id":11626},[14,13347,13348],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[23,13350,13352],{"className":25,"code":13351,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[30,13353,13354,13392,13408,13412,13434,13438,13457],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13355,13356,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13357,13358],{"class":39},"person ",[33,13360,44],{"class":43},[33,13362,10644],{"class":47},[33,13364,80],{"class":79},[33,13366,7827],{"class":83},[33,13368,80],{"class":79},[33,13370,3061],{"class":47},[33,13372,91],{"class":79},[33,13374,13375],{"class":83},"Liam",[33,13377,80],{"class":79},[33,13379,55],{"class":47},[33,13381,91],{"class":79},[33,13383,9453],{"class":83},[33,13385,80],{"class":79},[33,13387,3061],{"class":47},[33,13389,1196],{"class":51},[33,13391,9462],{"class":47},[33,13393,13394,13397,13399,13402,13404,13406],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13395,13396],{"class":39},"person_copy ",[33,13398,44],{"class":43},[33,13400,13401],{"class":39}," person",[33,13403,310],{"class":47},[33,13405,13064],{"class":162},[33,13407,1671],{"class":47},[33,13409,13410],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,13411,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13413,13414,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13428,13431],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,13415,13416],{"class":39},"person_copy",[33,13418,217],{"class":47},[33,13420,80],{"class":79},[33,13422,9453],{"class":83},[33,13424,80],{"class":79},[33,13426,13427],{"class":47},"]",[33,13429,13430],{"class":43}," =",[33,13432,13433],{"class":51}," 26\n",[33,13435,13436],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,13437,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13439,13440,13442,13444,13446,13449,13451,13453,13455],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,13441,157],{"class":156},[33,13443,133],{"class":47},[33,13445,80],{"class":79},[33,13447,13448],{"class":83},"Original:",[33,13450,80],{"class":79},[33,13452,55],{"class":47},[33,13454,13401],{"class":162},[33,13456,143],{"class":47},[33,13458,13459,13461,13463,13465,13468,13470,13472,13475],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,13460,157],{"class":156},[33,13462,133],{"class":47},[33,13464,80],{"class":79},[33,13466,13467],{"class":83},"Copy:",[33,13469,80],{"class":79},[33,13471,55],{"class":47},[33,13473,13474],{"class":162}," person_copy",[33,13476,143],{"class":47},[14,13478,13479],{},[205,13480,207],{},[23,13482,13484],{"className":25,"code":13483,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[30,13485,13486,13523],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13487,13488,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13489,13490],{"class":39},"Original",[33,13492,3061],{"class":47},[33,13494,10644],{"class":47},[33,13496,236],{"class":79},[33,13498,7827],{"class":83},[33,13500,236],{"class":79},[33,13502,3061],{"class":47},[33,13504,245],{"class":79},[33,13506,13375],{"class":83},[33,13508,236],{"class":79},[33,13510,55],{"class":47},[33,13512,245],{"class":79},[33,13514,9453],{"class":83},[33,13516,236],{"class":79},[33,13518,3061],{"class":47},[33,13520,1196],{"class":51},[33,13522,9462],{"class":47},[33,13524,13525,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13559],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13526,13527],{"class":39},"Copy",[33,13529,3061],{"class":47},[33,13531,10644],{"class":47},[33,13533,236],{"class":79},[33,13535,7827],{"class":83},[33,13537,236],{"class":79},[33,13539,3061],{"class":47},[33,13541,245],{"class":79},[33,13543,13375],{"class":83},[33,13545,236],{"class":79},[33,13547,55],{"class":47},[33,13549,245],{"class":79},[33,13551,9453],{"class":83},[33,13553,236],{"class":79},[33,13555,3061],{"class":47},[33,13557,13558],{"class":51}," 26",[33,13560,9462],{"class":47},[14,13562,13563],{},"What happened here:",[316,13565,13566,13572,13579],{},[319,13567,13568,13571],{},[30,13569,13570],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[319,13573,13574,13575,13578],{},"Changing ",[30,13576,13577],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[319,13580,13581],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13583,13584],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[18,13586,13588],{"id":13587},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13590,13591,13001,13593,310],{},[30,13592,12930],{},[205,13594,13004],{},[14,13596,2284],{},[316,13598,13599,13602,13605],{},[319,13600,13601],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[319,13603,13604],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[319,13606,13607],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13609,367],{},[23,13611,13613],{"className":25,"code":13612,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[30,13614,13615,13623,13641,13664,13668,13672,13686,13690,13714,13718,13736,13755,13770],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13616,13617,13619,13621],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13618,13017],{"class":39},[33,13620,44],{"class":43},[33,13622,11645],{"class":47},[33,13624,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13626,11650],{"class":79},[33,13628,7827],{"class":83},[33,13630,80],{"class":79},[33,13632,3061],{"class":47},[33,13634,91],{"class":79},[33,13636,84],{"class":83},[33,13638,80],{"class":79},[33,13640,11666],{"class":47},[33,13642,13643,13645,13648,13650,13652,13654,13657,13659,13662],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,13644,11650],{"class":79},[33,13646,13647],{"class":83},"grades",[33,13649,80],{"class":79},[33,13651,3061],{"class":47},[33,13653,48],{"class":47},[33,13655,13656],{"class":51},"90",[33,13658,55],{"class":47},[33,13660,13661],{"class":51}," 85",[33,13663,66],{"class":47},[33,13665,13666],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,13667,9462],{"class":47},[33,13669,13670],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,13671,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13673,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,13675,13054],{"class":39},[33,13677,44],{"class":43},[33,13679,13059],{"class":39},[33,13681,310],{"class":47},[33,13683,13064],{"class":162},[33,13685,1671],{"class":47},[33,13687,13688],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,13689,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13691,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13705,13707,13709,13712],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,13693,13079],{"class":39},[33,13695,217],{"class":47},[33,13697,80],{"class":79},[33,13699,13647],{"class":83},[33,13701,80],{"class":79},[33,13703,13704],{"class":47},"].",[33,13706,780],{"class":162},[33,13708,133],{"class":47},[33,13710,13711],{"class":51},"100",[33,13713,143],{"class":47},[33,13715,13716],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,13717,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,13719,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,13721,157],{"class":156},[33,13723,133],{"class":47},[33,13725,80],{"class":79},[33,13727,13448],{"class":83},[33,13729,80],{"class":79},[33,13731,55],{"class":47},[33,13733,13059],{"class":162},[33,13735,143],{"class":47},[33,13737,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13753],{"class":35,"line":11747},[33,13739,157],{"class":156},[33,13741,133],{"class":47},[33,13743,80],{"class":79},[33,13745,13467],{"class":83},[33,13747,80],{"class":79},[33,13749,55],{"class":47},[33,13751,13752],{"class":162}," student_copy",[33,13754,143],{"class":47},[33,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768],{"class":35,"line":13757},12,[33,13759,157],{"class":156},[33,13761,133],{"class":47},[33,13763,13017],{"class":162},[33,13765,12346],{"class":4046},[33,13767,13752],{"class":162},[33,13769,143],{"class":47},[33,13771,13773,13775,13777,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802],{"class":35,"line":13772},13,[33,13774,157],{"class":156},[33,13776,133],{"class":47},[33,13778,13779],{"class":162},"student",[33,13781,217],{"class":47},[33,13783,80],{"class":79},[33,13785,13647],{"class":83},[33,13787,80],{"class":79},[33,13789,13427],{"class":47},[33,13791,8254],{"class":4046},[33,13793,13752],{"class":162},[33,13795,217],{"class":47},[33,13797,80],{"class":79},[33,13799,13647],{"class":83},[33,13801,80],{"class":79},[33,13803,4059],{"class":47},[14,13805,13806],{},[205,13807,207],{},[23,13809,13811],{"className":25,"code":13810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[30,13812,13813,13860,13906,13910],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13814,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13816,13490],{"class":39},[33,13818,3061],{"class":47},[33,13820,10644],{"class":47},[33,13822,236],{"class":79},[33,13824,7827],{"class":83},[33,13826,236],{"class":79},[33,13828,3061],{"class":47},[33,13830,245],{"class":79},[33,13832,84],{"class":83},[33,13834,236],{"class":79},[33,13836,55],{"class":47},[33,13838,245],{"class":79},[33,13840,13647],{"class":83},[33,13842,236],{"class":79},[33,13844,3061],{"class":47},[33,13846,48],{"class":47},[33,13848,13656],{"class":51},[33,13850,55],{"class":47},[33,13852,13661],{"class":51},[33,13854,55],{"class":47},[33,13856,10271],{"class":51},[33,13858,13859],{"class":47},"]}\n",[33,13861,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,13863,13527],{"class":39},[33,13865,3061],{"class":47},[33,13867,10644],{"class":47},[33,13869,236],{"class":79},[33,13871,7827],{"class":83},[33,13873,236],{"class":79},[33,13875,3061],{"class":47},[33,13877,245],{"class":79},[33,13879,84],{"class":83},[33,13881,236],{"class":79},[33,13883,55],{"class":47},[33,13885,245],{"class":79},[33,13887,13647],{"class":83},[33,13889,236],{"class":79},[33,13891,3061],{"class":47},[33,13893,48],{"class":47},[33,13895,13656],{"class":51},[33,13897,55],{"class":47},[33,13899,13661],{"class":51},[33,13901,55],{"class":47},[33,13903,10271],{"class":51},[33,13905,13859],{"class":47},[33,13907,13908],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,13909,4209],{"class":398},[33,13911,13912],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,13913,4148],{"class":398},[14,13915,13916],{},"Notice the difference:",[316,13918,13919,13927],{},[319,13920,13921,4949,13924,13926],{},[30,13922,13923],{},"student is student_copy",[30,13925,3844],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[319,13928,13929,4949,13932,13934],{},[30,13930,13931],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[30,13933,3777],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13936,13937],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13939,13940,13941,310],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[273,13942,13944],{"href":13943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[18,13946,5127,13948],{"id":13947},"when-to-use-copy",[30,13949,12930],{},[14,13951,672,13952,10755],{},[30,13953,12930],{},[316,13955,13956,13959,13962,13965],{},[319,13957,13958],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[319,13960,13961],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[319,13963,13964],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[319,13966,13967],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13969,367],{},[23,13971,13973],{"className":25,"code":13972,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[30,13974,13975,14014,14030,14034,14054,14058,14077],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,13976,13977,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14005,14007,14009,14012],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,13978,13979],{"class":39},"settings ",[33,13981,44],{"class":43},[33,13983,10644],{"class":47},[33,13985,80],{"class":79},[33,13987,12647],{"class":83},[33,13989,80],{"class":79},[33,13991,3061],{"class":47},[33,13993,91],{"class":79},[33,13995,12656],{"class":83},[33,13997,80],{"class":79},[33,13999,55],{"class":47},[33,14001,91],{"class":79},[33,14003,14004],{"class":83},"font_size",[33,14006,80],{"class":79},[33,14008,3061],{"class":47},[33,14010,14011],{"class":51}," 14",[33,14013,9462],{"class":47},[33,14015,14016,14019,14021,14024,14026,14028],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14017,14018],{"class":39},"settings_backup ",[33,14020,44],{"class":43},[33,14022,14023],{"class":39}," settings",[33,14025,310],{"class":47},[33,14027,13064],{"class":162},[33,14029,1671],{"class":47},[33,14031,14032],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14033,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14035,14036,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,14037,14038],{"class":39},"settings",[33,14040,217],{"class":47},[33,14042,80],{"class":79},[33,14044,14004],{"class":83},[33,14046,80],{"class":79},[33,14048,13427],{"class":47},[33,14050,13430],{"class":43},[33,14052,14053],{"class":51}," 16\n",[33,14055,14056],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,14057,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14059,14060,14062,14064,14066,14069,14071,14073,14075],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,14061,157],{"class":156},[33,14063,133],{"class":47},[33,14065,80],{"class":79},[33,14067,14068],{"class":83},"Current:",[33,14070,80],{"class":79},[33,14072,55],{"class":47},[33,14074,14023],{"class":162},[33,14076,143],{"class":47},[33,14078,14079,14081,14083,14085,14088,14090,14092,14095],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,14080,157],{"class":156},[33,14082,133],{"class":47},[33,14084,80],{"class":79},[33,14086,14087],{"class":83},"Backup:",[33,14089,80],{"class":79},[33,14091,55],{"class":47},[33,14093,14094],{"class":162}," settings_backup",[33,14096,143],{"class":47},[14,14098,14099],{},[205,14100,207],{},[23,14102,14104],{"className":25,"code":14103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[30,14105,14106,14144],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14107,14108,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14142],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14109,14110],{"class":39},"Current",[33,14112,3061],{"class":47},[33,14114,10644],{"class":47},[33,14116,236],{"class":79},[33,14118,12647],{"class":83},[33,14120,236],{"class":79},[33,14122,3061],{"class":47},[33,14124,245],{"class":79},[33,14126,12656],{"class":83},[33,14128,236],{"class":79},[33,14130,55],{"class":47},[33,14132,245],{"class":79},[33,14134,14004],{"class":83},[33,14136,236],{"class":79},[33,14138,3061],{"class":47},[33,14140,14141],{"class":51}," 16",[33,14143,9462],{"class":47},[33,14145,14146,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14147,14148],{"class":39},"Backup",[33,14150,3061],{"class":47},[33,14152,10644],{"class":47},[33,14154,236],{"class":79},[33,14156,12647],{"class":83},[33,14158,236],{"class":79},[33,14160,3061],{"class":47},[33,14162,245],{"class":79},[33,14164,12656],{"class":83},[33,14166,236],{"class":79},[33,14168,55],{"class":47},[33,14170,245],{"class":79},[33,14172,14004],{"class":83},[33,14174,236],{"class":79},[33,14176,3061],{"class":47},[33,14178,14011],{"class":51},[33,14180,9462],{"class":47},[14,14182,14183,14184,453,14190,310],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[273,14185,14187],{"href":14186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[30,14188,14189],{},"dict.update()",[273,14191,14192],{"href":12977},[30,14193,11478],{},[18,14195,14197,14199],{"id":14196},"copy-vs-assignment",[30,14198,12930],{}," vs assignment",[14,14201,14202],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14204,1357,14205,14207,14208,14210],{},[30,14206,44],{}," does ",[205,14209,4796],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[664,14212,14214],{"id":14213},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[23,14216,14218],{"className":25,"code":14217,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[30,14219,14220,14252,14261,14265,14285,14289,14307,14327],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14221,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14223,12238],{"class":39},[33,14225,44],{"class":43},[33,14227,10644],{"class":47},[33,14229,80],{"class":79},[33,14231,2351],{"class":83},[33,14233,80],{"class":79},[33,14235,3061],{"class":47},[33,14237,1119],{"class":51},[33,14239,55],{"class":47},[33,14241,91],{"class":79},[33,14243,11898],{"class":83},[33,14245,80],{"class":79},[33,14247,3061],{"class":47},[33,14249,58],{"class":51},[33,14251,9462],{"class":47},[33,14253,14254,14257,14259],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14255,14256],{"class":39},"assigned ",[33,14258,44],{"class":43},[33,14260,12276],{"class":39},[33,14262,14263],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14264,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14266,14267,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,14268,14269],{"class":39},"assigned",[33,14271,217],{"class":47},[33,14273,80],{"class":79},[33,14275,2351],{"class":83},[33,14277,80],{"class":79},[33,14279,13427],{"class":47},[33,14281,13430],{"class":43},[33,14283,14284],{"class":51}," 99\n",[33,14286,14287],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,14288,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14290,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,14292,157],{"class":156},[33,14294,133],{"class":47},[33,14296,80],{"class":79},[33,14298,13448],{"class":83},[33,14300,80],{"class":79},[33,14302,55],{"class":47},[33,14304,12313],{"class":162},[33,14306,143],{"class":47},[33,14308,14309,14311,14313,14315,14318,14320,14322,14325],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,14310,157],{"class":156},[33,14312,133],{"class":47},[33,14314,80],{"class":79},[33,14316,14317],{"class":83},"Assigned:",[33,14319,80],{"class":79},[33,14321,55],{"class":47},[33,14323,14324],{"class":162}," assigned",[33,14326,143],{"class":47},[33,14328,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,14330,157],{"class":156},[33,14332,133],{"class":47},[33,14334,12238],{"class":162},[33,14336,12346],{"class":4046},[33,14338,14324],{"class":162},[33,14340,143],{"class":47},[14,14342,14343],{},[205,14344,207],{},[23,14346,14348],{"className":25,"code":14347,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[30,14349,14350,14382,14415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14351,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14353,13490],{"class":39},[33,14355,3061],{"class":47},[33,14357,10644],{"class":47},[33,14359,236],{"class":79},[33,14361,2351],{"class":83},[33,14363,236],{"class":79},[33,14365,3061],{"class":47},[33,14367,10350],{"class":51},[33,14369,55],{"class":47},[33,14371,245],{"class":79},[33,14373,11898],{"class":83},[33,14375,236],{"class":79},[33,14377,3061],{"class":47},[33,14379,58],{"class":51},[33,14381,9462],{"class":47},[33,14383,14384,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14385,14386],{"class":39},"Assigned",[33,14388,3061],{"class":47},[33,14390,10644],{"class":47},[33,14392,236],{"class":79},[33,14394,2351],{"class":83},[33,14396,236],{"class":79},[33,14398,3061],{"class":47},[33,14400,10350],{"class":51},[33,14402,55],{"class":47},[33,14404,245],{"class":79},[33,14406,11898],{"class":83},[33,14408,236],{"class":79},[33,14410,3061],{"class":47},[33,14412,58],{"class":51},[33,14414,9462],{"class":47},[33,14416,14417],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14418,4148],{"class":398},[664,14420,1357,14422],{"id":14421},"using-copy",[30,14423,12930],{},[23,14425,14427],{"className":25,"code":14426,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[30,14428,14429,14461,14476,14480,14499,14503,14521,14541],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14430,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14432,12238],{"class":39},[33,14434,44],{"class":43},[33,14436,10644],{"class":47},[33,14438,80],{"class":79},[33,14440,2351],{"class":83},[33,14442,80],{"class":79},[33,14444,3061],{"class":47},[33,14446,1119],{"class":51},[33,14448,55],{"class":47},[33,14450,91],{"class":79},[33,14452,11898],{"class":83},[33,14454,80],{"class":79},[33,14456,3061],{"class":47},[33,14458,58],{"class":51},[33,14460,9462],{"class":47},[33,14462,14463,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14464,14465],{"class":39},"copied ",[33,14467,44],{"class":43},[33,14469,12313],{"class":39},[33,14471,310],{"class":47},[33,14473,13064],{"class":162},[33,14475,1671],{"class":47},[33,14477,14478],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14479,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14481,14482,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,14483,14484],{"class":39},"copied",[33,14486,217],{"class":47},[33,14488,80],{"class":79},[33,14490,2351],{"class":83},[33,14492,80],{"class":79},[33,14494,13427],{"class":47},[33,14496,13430],{"class":43},[33,14498,14284],{"class":51},[33,14500,14501],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,14502,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14504,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,14506,157],{"class":156},[33,14508,133],{"class":47},[33,14510,80],{"class":79},[33,14512,13448],{"class":83},[33,14514,80],{"class":79},[33,14516,55],{"class":47},[33,14518,12313],{"class":162},[33,14520,143],{"class":47},[33,14522,14523,14525,14527,14529,14532,14534,14536,14539],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,14524,157],{"class":156},[33,14526,133],{"class":47},[33,14528,80],{"class":79},[33,14530,14531],{"class":83},"Copied:",[33,14533,80],{"class":79},[33,14535,55],{"class":47},[33,14537,14538],{"class":162}," copied",[33,14540,143],{"class":47},[33,14542,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,14544,157],{"class":156},[33,14546,133],{"class":47},[33,14548,12238],{"class":162},[33,14550,12346],{"class":4046},[33,14552,14538],{"class":162},[33,14554,143],{"class":47},[14,14556,14557],{},[205,14558,207],{},[23,14560,14562],{"className":25,"code":14561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[30,14563,14564,14596,14629],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14565,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14567,13490],{"class":39},[33,14569,3061],{"class":47},[33,14571,10644],{"class":47},[33,14573,236],{"class":79},[33,14575,2351],{"class":83},[33,14577,236],{"class":79},[33,14579,3061],{"class":47},[33,14581,1119],{"class":51},[33,14583,55],{"class":47},[33,14585,245],{"class":79},[33,14587,11898],{"class":83},[33,14589,236],{"class":79},[33,14591,3061],{"class":47},[33,14593,58],{"class":51},[33,14595,9462],{"class":47},[33,14597,14598,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14599,14600],{"class":39},"Copied",[33,14602,3061],{"class":47},[33,14604,10644],{"class":47},[33,14606,236],{"class":79},[33,14608,2351],{"class":83},[33,14610,236],{"class":79},[33,14612,3061],{"class":47},[33,14614,10350],{"class":51},[33,14616,55],{"class":47},[33,14618,245],{"class":79},[33,14620,11898],{"class":83},[33,14622,236],{"class":79},[33,14624,3061],{"class":47},[33,14626,58],{"class":51},[33,14628,9462],{"class":47},[33,14630,14631],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14632,4209],{"class":398},[14,14634,14635],{},"Summary:",[316,14637,14638,14644],{},[319,14639,14640,14643],{},[30,14641,14642],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[319,14645,14646,14649],{},[30,14647,14648],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[18,14651,14653],{"id":14652},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14655,14656,3061],{},[30,14657,12930],{},[316,14659,14660,14663,14666,14669],{},[319,14661,14662],{},"Returns a dictionary",[319,14664,14665],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[319,14667,14668],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[319,14670,14671],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14673,367],{},[23,14675,14677],{"className":25,"code":14676,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[30,14678,14679,14711,14727,14731,14749,14769,14773,14791],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14680,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14682,1181],{"class":39},[33,14684,44],{"class":43},[33,14686,10644],{"class":47},[33,14688,80],{"class":79},[33,14690,273],{"class":83},[33,14692,80],{"class":79},[33,14694,3061],{"class":47},[33,14696,1119],{"class":51},[33,14698,55],{"class":47},[33,14700,91],{"class":79},[33,14702,282],{"class":83},[33,14704,80],{"class":79},[33,14706,3061],{"class":47},[33,14708,58],{"class":51},[33,14710,9462],{"class":47},[33,14712,14713,14716,14718,14721,14723,14725],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14714,14715],{"class":39},"data_copy ",[33,14717,44],{"class":43},[33,14719,14720],{"class":39}," data",[33,14722,310],{"class":47},[33,14724,13064],{"class":162},[33,14726,1671],{"class":47},[33,14728,14729],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14730,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14732,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,14734,1230],{"class":39},[33,14736,217],{"class":47},[33,14738,80],{"class":79},[33,14740,273],{"class":83},[33,14742,80],{"class":79},[33,14744,13427],{"class":47},[33,14746,13430],{"class":43},[33,14748,2762],{"class":51},[33,14750,14751,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,14752,14753],{"class":39},"data_copy",[33,14755,217],{"class":47},[33,14757,80],{"class":79},[33,14759,282],{"class":83},[33,14761,80],{"class":79},[33,14763,13427],{"class":47},[33,14765,13430],{"class":43},[33,14767,14768],{"class":51}," 20\n",[33,14770,14771],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,14772,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,14774,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,14776,157],{"class":156},[33,14778,133],{"class":47},[33,14780,80],{"class":79},[33,14782,13448],{"class":83},[33,14784,80],{"class":79},[33,14786,55],{"class":47},[33,14788,14720],{"class":162},[33,14790,143],{"class":47},[33,14792,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805,14808],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,14794,157],{"class":156},[33,14796,133],{"class":47},[33,14798,80],{"class":79},[33,14800,13467],{"class":83},[33,14802,80],{"class":79},[33,14804,55],{"class":47},[33,14806,14807],{"class":162}," data_copy",[33,14809,143],{"class":47},[14,14811,14812],{},[205,14813,207],{},[23,14815,14817],{"className":25,"code":14816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[30,14818,14819,14851],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14820,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14822,13490],{"class":39},[33,14824,3061],{"class":47},[33,14826,10644],{"class":47},[33,14828,236],{"class":79},[33,14830,273],{"class":83},[33,14832,236],{"class":79},[33,14834,3061],{"class":47},[33,14836,393],{"class":51},[33,14838,55],{"class":47},[33,14840,245],{"class":79},[33,14842,282],{"class":83},[33,14844,236],{"class":79},[33,14846,3061],{"class":47},[33,14848,58],{"class":51},[33,14850,9462],{"class":47},[33,14852,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14854,13527],{"class":39},[33,14856,3061],{"class":47},[33,14858,10644],{"class":47},[33,14860,236],{"class":79},[33,14862,273],{"class":83},[33,14864,236],{"class":79},[33,14866,3061],{"class":47},[33,14868,1119],{"class":51},[33,14870,55],{"class":47},[33,14872,245],{"class":79},[33,14874,282],{"class":83},[33,14876,236],{"class":79},[33,14878,3061],{"class":47},[33,14880,7949],{"class":51},[33,14882,9462],{"class":47},[18,14884,3006],{"id":3005},[14,14886,14887,14888,3061],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[30,14889,12587],{},[316,14891,14892,14899,14904,14909],{},[319,14893,1357,14894,1361,14896,14898],{},[30,14895,44],{},[30,14897,12930],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[319,14900,4744,14901,14903],{},[30,14902,12930],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[319,14905,14906,14907],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[30,14908,12930],{},[319,14910,14911],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14913,14914],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[23,14916,14918],{"className":25,"code":14917,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[30,14919,14920,14930,14940,14954,14977,15000],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,14921,14922,14924,14926,14928],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,14923,157],{"class":156},[33,14925,133],{"class":47},[33,14927,12285],{"class":162},[33,14929,143],{"class":47},[33,14931,14932,14934,14936,14938],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,14933,157],{"class":156},[33,14935,133],{"class":47},[33,14937,14484],{"class":162},[33,14939,143],{"class":47},[33,14941,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,14943,157],{"class":156},[33,14945,133],{"class":47},[33,14947,12238],{"class":162},[33,14949,12346],{"class":4046},[33,14951,14538],{"class":162},[33,14953,143],{"class":47},[33,14955,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14971,14973,14975],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,14957,157],{"class":156},[33,14959,133],{"class":47},[33,14961,12802],{"class":156},[33,14963,133],{"class":47},[33,14965,12285],{"class":162},[33,14967,9388],{"class":47},[33,14969,14970],{"class":156}," id",[33,14972,133],{"class":47},[33,14974,14484],{"class":162},[33,14976,733],{"class":47},[33,14978,14979,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14996,14998],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,14980,157],{"class":156},[33,14982,133],{"class":47},[33,14984,12802],{"class":156},[33,14986,133],{"class":47},[33,14988,12285],{"class":162},[33,14990,217],{"class":47},[33,14992,80],{"class":79},[33,14994,14995],{"class":83},"key",[33,14997,80],{"class":79},[33,14999,3175],{"class":47},[33,15001,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,15003,157],{"class":156},[33,15005,133],{"class":47},[33,15007,12802],{"class":156},[33,15009,133],{"class":47},[33,15011,14484],{"class":162},[33,15013,217],{"class":47},[33,15015,80],{"class":79},[33,15017,14995],{"class":83},[33,15019,80],{"class":79},[33,15021,3175],{"class":47},[14,15023,15024],{},"What these help you check:",[316,15026,15027,15030,15033],{},[319,15028,15029],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[319,15031,15032],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[319,15034,15035],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15037,15038,15039,310],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[273,15040,15042],{"href":15041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[18,15044,1961],{"id":1960},[664,15046,12857,15048,15050],{"id":15047},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[30,15049,12587],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15052,15053],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[664,15055,15057,15058,15060],{"id":15056},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[30,15059,12587],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15062,15063],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[664,15065,2027,15067,2030,15069,2033],{"id":15066},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[30,15068,12930],{},[30,15070,44],{},[14,15072,15073,15075,15076,15078],{},[30,15074,12930],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[30,15077,44],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[664,15080,15082],{"id":15081},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15084,15085],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[18,15087,2045],{"id":2044},[316,15089,15090,15094,15098,15102,15109,15115],{},[319,15091,15092],{},[273,15093,11394],{"href":13179},[319,15095,15096],{},[273,15097,9312],{"href":13176},[319,15099,15100],{},[273,15101,13944],{"href":13943},[319,15103,15104],{},[273,15105,10891,15106,887],{"href":14186},[30,15107,15108],{},"update()",[319,15110,15111],{},[273,15112,10891,15113,887],{"href":12977},[30,15114,11473],{},[319,15116,15117],{},[273,15118,15119],{"href":15041},"How to copy a list in Python",[2097,15121,15122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":15124},[15125,15126,15128,15129,15130,15131,15133,15139,15140,15141,15150],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":13148,"depth":69,"text":15127},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":13587,"depth":69,"text":13588},{"id":13947,"depth":69,"text":15132},"When to use copy()",{"id":14196,"depth":69,"text":15134,"children":15135},"copy() vs assignment",[15136,15137],{"id":14213,"depth":110,"text":14214},{"id":14421,"depth":110,"text":15138},"Using copy()",{"id":14652,"depth":69,"text":14653},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":15142},[15143,15145,15147,15149],{"id":15047,"depth":110,"text":15144},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15056,"depth":110,"text":15146},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15066,"depth":110,"text":15148},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15081,"depth":110,"text":15082},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12983,"description":15151},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15158,"title":15159,"body":15160,"description":17355,"extension":2138,"meta":17356,"navigation":149,"path":13179,"seo":17357,"stem":17358,"__hash__":17359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15161,"toc":17317},[15162,15165,15171,15180,15182,15258,15262,15311,15314,15316,15330,15333,15337,15350,15353,15386,15400,15403,15415,15419,15422,15430,15510,15514,15567,15571,15588,15590,15672,15675,15677,15680,15683,15706,15730,15734,15742,15745,15749,15758,15763,15821,15825,15858,15864,15870,15873,15928,15932,15982,15985,15991,15994,16002,16004,16049,16054,16063,16066,16069,16116,16118,16123,16126,16220,16224,16277,16280,16336,16339,16343,16346,16360,16364,16430,16434,16459,16462,16466,16544,16548,16551,16554,16574,16577,16630,16634,16637,16640,16653,16655,16744,16751,16754,16765,16767,16770,16790,16794,16797,16806,16809,16848,16852,16854,16863,16872,16874,16912,16916,16963,16967,16988,16992,16995,17107,17112,17210,17231,17233,17237,17244,17248,17254,17258,17261,17265,17268,17275,17283,17285,17311,17314],[10,15163,15159],{"id":15164},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15166,15167,15168,15170],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[205,15169,9288],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15172,15173,15174,453,15176,310],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[273,15175,9312],{"href":9311},[273,15177,15179],{"href":15178},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[18,15181,2180],{"id":2179},[23,15183,15185],{"className":25,"code":15184,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[30,15186,15187,15195,15213,15227,15240,15244,15248],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15188,15189,15191,15193],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15190,13017],{"class":39},[33,15192,44],{"class":43},[33,15194,11645],{"class":47},[33,15196,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205,15207,15209,15211],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15198,11650],{"class":79},[33,15200,7827],{"class":83},[33,15202,80],{"class":79},[33,15204,3061],{"class":47},[33,15206,91],{"class":79},[33,15208,84],{"class":83},[33,15210,80],{"class":79},[33,15212,11666],{"class":47},[33,15214,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223,15225],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,15216,11650],{"class":79},[33,15218,9453],{"class":83},[33,15220,80],{"class":79},[33,15222,3061],{"class":47},[33,15224,7949],{"class":51},[33,15226,11666],{"class":47},[33,15228,15229,15231,15234,15236,15238],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,15230,11650],{"class":79},[33,15232,15233],{"class":83},"is_active",[33,15235,80],{"class":79},[33,15237,3061],{"class":47},[33,15239,6582],{"class":398},[33,15241,15242],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,15243,9462],{"class":47},[33,15245,15246],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,15247,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,15249,15250,15252,15254,15256],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,15251,157],{"class":156},[33,15253,133],{"class":47},[33,15255,13779],{"class":162},[33,15257,143],{"class":47},[14,15259,15260],{},[205,15261,207],{},[23,15263,15265],{"className":25,"code":15264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[30,15266,15267],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15268,15269,15271,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15270,9432],{"class":47},[33,15272,236],{"class":79},[33,15274,7827],{"class":83},[33,15276,236],{"class":79},[33,15278,3061],{"class":47},[33,15280,245],{"class":79},[33,15282,84],{"class":83},[33,15284,236],{"class":79},[33,15286,55],{"class":47},[33,15288,245],{"class":79},[33,15290,9453],{"class":83},[33,15292,236],{"class":79},[33,15294,3061],{"class":47},[33,15296,7949],{"class":51},[33,15298,55],{"class":47},[33,15300,245],{"class":79},[33,15302,15233],{"class":83},[33,15304,236],{"class":79},[33,15306,3061],{"class":47},[33,15308,399],{"class":398},[33,15310,9462],{"class":47},[14,15312,15313],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[18,15315,314],{"id":313},[316,15317,15318,15321,15324,15327],{},[319,15319,15320],{},"What a dictionary is",[319,15322,15323],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[319,15325,15326],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[319,15328,15329],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[18,15331,15320],{"id":15332},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15334,9285,15335,310],{},[205,15336,9288],{},[316,15338,15339,15345],{},[319,15340,15341,15342,15344],{},"A ",[205,15343,14995],{}," is the label",[319,15346,15341,15347,15349],{},[205,15348,2647],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15351,15352],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[23,15354,15356],{"className":25,"code":15355,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[30,15357,15358,15366,15382],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15359,15360,15362,15364],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15361,13017],{"class":39},[33,15363,44],{"class":43},[33,15365,11645],{"class":47},[33,15367,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15369,11650],{"class":79},[33,15371,7827],{"class":83},[33,15373,80],{"class":79},[33,15375,3061],{"class":47},[33,15377,91],{"class":79},[33,15379,84],{"class":83},[33,15381,3532],{"class":79},[33,15383,15384],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,15385,9462],{"class":47},[316,15387,15388,15394],{},[319,15389,15390,15393],{},[30,15391,15392],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[319,15395,15396,15399],{},[30,15397,15398],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15401,15402],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[316,15404,15405,15407,15409,15412],{},[319,15406,7827],{},[319,15408,9453],{},[319,15410,15411],{},"email",[319,15413,15414],{},"country",[18,15416,15418],{"id":15417},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15420,15421],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15423,672,15424,15426,15427,310],{},[30,15425,3963],{}," and write each item as ",[30,15428,15429],{},"key: value",[23,15431,15433],{"className":25,"code":15432,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[30,15434,15435,15443,15461,15475,15492,15496,15500],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15436,15437,15439,15441],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15438,13017],{"class":39},[33,15440,44],{"class":43},[33,15442,11645],{"class":47},[33,15444,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15446,11650],{"class":79},[33,15448,7827],{"class":83},[33,15450,80],{"class":79},[33,15452,3061],{"class":47},[33,15454,91],{"class":79},[33,15456,84],{"class":83},[33,15458,80],{"class":79},[33,15460,11666],{"class":47},[33,15462,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,15464,11650],{"class":79},[33,15466,9453],{"class":83},[33,15468,80],{"class":79},[33,15470,3061],{"class":47},[33,15472,7949],{"class":51},[33,15474,11666],{"class":47},[33,15476,15477,15479,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,15478,11650],{"class":79},[33,15480,15481],{"class":83},"course",[33,15483,80],{"class":79},[33,15485,3061],{"class":47},[33,15487,91],{"class":79},[33,15489,7456],{"class":83},[33,15491,3532],{"class":79},[33,15493,15494],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,15495,9462],{"class":47},[33,15497,15498],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,15499,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,15501,15502,15504,15506,15508],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,15503,157],{"class":156},[33,15505,133],{"class":47},[33,15507,13779],{"class":162},[33,15509,143],{"class":47},[14,15511,15512],{},[205,15513,207],{},[23,15515,15517],{"className":25,"code":15516,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[30,15518,15519],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15520,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15522,9432],{"class":47},[33,15524,236],{"class":79},[33,15526,7827],{"class":83},[33,15528,236],{"class":79},[33,15530,3061],{"class":47},[33,15532,245],{"class":79},[33,15534,84],{"class":83},[33,15536,236],{"class":79},[33,15538,55],{"class":47},[33,15540,245],{"class":79},[33,15542,9453],{"class":83},[33,15544,236],{"class":79},[33,15546,3061],{"class":47},[33,15548,7949],{"class":51},[33,15550,55],{"class":47},[33,15552,245],{"class":79},[33,15554,15481],{"class":83},[33,15556,236],{"class":79},[33,15558,3061],{"class":47},[33,15560,245],{"class":79},[33,15562,7456],{"class":83},[33,15564,236],{"class":79},[33,15566,9462],{"class":47},[664,15568,15570],{"id":15569},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[316,15572,15573,15578,15583,15585],{},[319,15574,672,15575,15577],{},[30,15576,3963],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[319,15579,15580,15581],{},"Write each item as ",[30,15582,15429],{},[319,15584,678],{},[319,15586,15587],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15589,367],{},[23,15591,15593],{"className":25,"code":15592,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[30,15594,15595,15604,15624,15640,15653,15657,15661],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15596,15597,15600,15602],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15598,15599],{"class":39},"book ",[33,15601,44],{"class":43},[33,15603,11645],{"class":47},[33,15605,15606,15608,15611,15613,15615,15617,15620,15622],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15607,11650],{"class":79},[33,15609,15610],{"class":83},"title",[33,15612,80],{"class":79},[33,15614,3061],{"class":47},[33,15616,91],{"class":79},[33,15618,15619],{"class":83},"Python Basics",[33,15621,80],{"class":79},[33,15623,11666],{"class":47},[33,15625,15626,15628,15631,15633,15635,15638],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,15627,11650],{"class":79},[33,15629,15630],{"class":83},"pages",[33,15632,80],{"class":79},[33,15634,3061],{"class":47},[33,15636,15637],{"class":51}," 150",[33,15639,11666],{"class":47},[33,15641,15642,15644,15647,15649,15651],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,15643,11650],{"class":79},[33,15645,15646],{"class":83},"available",[33,15648,80],{"class":79},[33,15650,3061],{"class":47},[33,15652,6582],{"class":398},[33,15654,15655],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,15656,9462],{"class":47},[33,15658,15659],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,15660,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,15662,15663,15665,15667,15670],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,15664,157],{"class":156},[33,15666,133],{"class":47},[33,15668,15669],{"class":162},"book",[33,15671,143],{"class":47},[14,15673,15674],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[18,15676,9556],{"id":9555},[14,15678,15679],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15681,15682],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[23,15684,15686],{"className":25,"code":15685,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[30,15687,15688,15696],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15689,15690,15692,15694],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15691,1181],{"class":39},[33,15693,44],{"class":43},[33,15695,9991],{"class":47},[33,15697,15698,15700,15702,15704],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15699,157],{"class":156},[33,15701,133],{"class":47},[33,15703,1230],{"class":162},[33,15705,143],{"class":47},[23,15707,15708],{"className":25,"code":9559,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,15709,15710,15720],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15711,15712,15714,15716,15718],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15713,1181],{"class":39},[33,15715,44],{"class":43},[33,15717,9326],{"class":129},[33,15719,1671],{"class":47},[33,15721,15722,15724,15726,15728],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15723,157],{"class":156},[33,15725,133],{"class":47},[33,15727,1230],{"class":162},[33,15729,143],{"class":47},[14,15731,15732],{},[205,15733,207],{},[23,15735,15736],{"className":25,"code":9588,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,15737,15738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15739,15740],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15741,9588],{"class":47},[14,15743,15744],{},"Both are correct.",[664,15746,15748],{"id":15747},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15750,15751,15753,15754,15757],{},[30,15752,3963],{}," creates an empty ",[205,15755,15756],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15759,15760,15761,310],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[30,15762,3968],{},[23,15764,15766],{"className":25,"code":15765,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[30,15767,15768,15776,15788,15792,15806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15769,15770,15772,15774],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15771,11877],{"class":39},[33,15773,44],{"class":43},[33,15775,9991],{"class":47},[33,15777,15778,15781,15783,15786],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15779,15780],{"class":39},"my_set ",[33,15782,44],{"class":43},[33,15784,15785],{"class":129}," set",[33,15787,1671],{"class":47},[33,15789,15790],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,15791,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,15793,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,15795,157],{"class":156},[33,15797,133],{"class":47},[33,15799,1406],{"class":129},[33,15801,133],{"class":47},[33,15803,11601],{"class":162},[33,15805,733],{"class":47},[33,15807,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15819],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,15809,157],{"class":156},[33,15811,133],{"class":47},[33,15813,1406],{"class":129},[33,15815,133],{"class":47},[33,15817,15818],{"class":162},"my_set",[33,15820,733],{"class":47},[14,15822,15823],{},[205,15824,207],{},[23,15826,15828],{"className":25,"code":15827,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[30,15829,15830,15844],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15831,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15833,1427],{"class":43},[33,15835,1431],{"class":1430},[33,15837,245],{"class":79},[33,15839,8977],{"class":83},[33,15841,236],{"class":79},[33,15843,1441],{"class":43},[33,15845,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15847,1427],{"class":43},[33,15849,1431],{"class":1430},[33,15851,245],{"class":79},[33,15853,6446],{"class":83},[33,15855,236],{"class":79},[33,15857,1441],{"class":43},[18,15859,15861,15862],{"id":15860},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[30,15863,9276],{},[14,15865,15866,15867,15869],{},"You can also use ",[30,15868,9276],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15871,15872],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[23,15874,15876],{"className":25,"code":15875,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[30,15877,15878,15918],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15879,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15907,15909,15912,15914,15916],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15881,13017],{"class":39},[33,15883,44],{"class":43},[33,15885,9326],{"class":129},[33,15887,133],{"class":47},[33,15889,7827],{"class":9331},[33,15891,44],{"class":43},[33,15893,80],{"class":79},[33,15895,84],{"class":83},[33,15897,80],{"class":79},[33,15899,55],{"class":47},[33,15901,9344],{"class":9331},[33,15903,44],{"class":43},[33,15905,15906],{"class":51},"20",[33,15908,55],{"class":47},[33,15910,15911],{"class":9331}," active",[33,15913,44],{"class":43},[33,15915,3777],{"class":398},[33,15917,143],{"class":47},[33,15919,15920,15922,15924,15926],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,15921,157],{"class":156},[33,15923,133],{"class":47},[33,15925,13779],{"class":162},[33,15927,143],{"class":47},[14,15929,15930],{},[205,15931,207],{},[23,15933,15935],{"className":25,"code":15934,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[30,15936,15937],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,15938,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15974,15976,15978,15980],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,15940,9432],{"class":47},[33,15942,236],{"class":79},[33,15944,7827],{"class":83},[33,15946,236],{"class":79},[33,15948,3061],{"class":47},[33,15950,245],{"class":79},[33,15952,84],{"class":83},[33,15954,236],{"class":79},[33,15956,55],{"class":47},[33,15958,245],{"class":79},[33,15960,9453],{"class":83},[33,15962,236],{"class":79},[33,15964,3061],{"class":47},[33,15966,7949],{"class":51},[33,15968,55],{"class":47},[33,15970,245],{"class":79},[33,15972,15973],{"class":83},"active",[33,15975,236],{"class":79},[33,15977,3061],{"class":47},[33,15979,399],{"class":398},[33,15981,9462],{"class":47},[14,15983,15984],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[664,15986,15988,15989],{"id":15987},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[30,15990,9276],{},[14,15992,15993],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[316,15995,15996,15999],{},[319,15997,15998],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[319,16000,16001],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16003,6846],{},[23,16005,16007],{"className":25,"code":16006,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[30,16008,16009,16039],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16010,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16012,11640],{"class":39},[33,16014,44],{"class":43},[33,16016,9326],{"class":129},[33,16018,133],{"class":47},[33,16020,7827],{"class":9331},[33,16022,44],{"class":43},[33,16024,80],{"class":79},[33,16026,7836],{"class":83},[33,16028,80],{"class":79},[33,16030,55],{"class":47},[33,16032,9344],{"class":9331},[33,16034,44],{"class":43},[33,16036,9349],{"class":51},[33,16038,143],{"class":47},[33,16040,16041,16043,16045,16047],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16042,157],{"class":156},[33,16044,133],{"class":47},[33,16046,11734],{"class":162},[33,16048,143],{"class":47},[14,16050,4793,16051,16053],{},[205,16052,4796],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[23,16055,16057],{"className":25,"code":16056,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[30,16058,16059],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16060,16061],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16062,16056],{"class":1308},[14,16064,16065],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16067,16068],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[23,16070,16072],{"className":25,"code":16071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[30,16073,16074,16082,16098,16102,16106],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16075,16076,16078,16080],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16077,11640],{"class":39},[33,16079,44],{"class":43},[33,16081,11645],{"class":47},[33,16083,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16085,11650],{"class":79},[33,16087,10649],{"class":83},[33,16089,80],{"class":79},[33,16091,3061],{"class":47},[33,16093,91],{"class":79},[33,16095,7836],{"class":83},[33,16097,3532],{"class":79},[33,16099,16100],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16101,9462],{"class":47},[33,16103,16104],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16105,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16107,16108,16110,16112,16114],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16109,157],{"class":156},[33,16111,133],{"class":47},[33,16113,11734],{"class":162},[33,16115,143],{"class":47},[18,16117,9598],{"id":9597},[14,16119,16120,16122],{},[30,16121,9276],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16124,16125],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[23,16127,16129],{"className":25,"code":16128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[30,16130,16131,16188,16192,16206,16210],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16132,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16184,16186],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16134,9370],{"class":39},[33,16136,44],{"class":43},[33,16138,9375],{"class":47},[33,16140,80],{"class":79},[33,16142,7827],{"class":83},[33,16144,80],{"class":79},[33,16146,55],{"class":47},[33,16148,91],{"class":79},[33,16150,84],{"class":83},[33,16152,80],{"class":79},[33,16154,9388],{"class":47},[33,16156,1381],{"class":47},[33,16158,80],{"class":79},[33,16160,9453],{"class":83},[33,16162,80],{"class":79},[33,16164,55],{"class":47},[33,16166,7949],{"class":51},[33,16168,9388],{"class":47},[33,16170,1381],{"class":47},[33,16172,80],{"class":79},[33,16174,10562],{"class":83},[33,16176,80],{"class":79},[33,16178,55],{"class":47},[33,16180,91],{"class":79},[33,16182,16183],{"class":83},"Lima",[33,16185,80],{"class":79},[33,16187,9403],{"class":47},[33,16189,16190],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16191,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16193,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16195,13017],{"class":39},[33,16197,44],{"class":43},[33,16199,9326],{"class":129},[33,16201,133],{"class":47},[33,16203,9416],{"class":162},[33,16205,143],{"class":47},[33,16207,16208],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16209,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16211,16212,16214,16216,16218],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16213,157],{"class":156},[33,16215,133],{"class":47},[33,16217,13779],{"class":162},[33,16219,143],{"class":47},[14,16221,16222],{},[205,16223,207],{},[23,16225,16227],{"className":25,"code":16226,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[30,16228,16229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16230,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16232,9432],{"class":47},[33,16234,236],{"class":79},[33,16236,7827],{"class":83},[33,16238,236],{"class":79},[33,16240,3061],{"class":47},[33,16242,245],{"class":79},[33,16244,84],{"class":83},[33,16246,236],{"class":79},[33,16248,55],{"class":47},[33,16250,245],{"class":79},[33,16252,9453],{"class":83},[33,16254,236],{"class":79},[33,16256,3061],{"class":47},[33,16258,7949],{"class":51},[33,16260,55],{"class":47},[33,16262,245],{"class":79},[33,16264,10562],{"class":83},[33,16266,236],{"class":79},[33,16268,3061],{"class":47},[33,16270,245],{"class":79},[33,16272,16183],{"class":83},[33,16274,236],{"class":79},[33,16276,9462],{"class":47},[14,16278,16279],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[23,16281,16283],{"className":25,"code":16282,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[30,16284,16285,16326],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16286,16287,16289,16291,16293,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16288,13017],{"class":39},[33,16290,44],{"class":43},[33,16292,9326],{"class":129},[33,16294,16295],{"class":47},"(((",[33,16297,80],{"class":79},[33,16299,7827],{"class":83},[33,16301,80],{"class":79},[33,16303,55],{"class":47},[33,16305,91],{"class":79},[33,16307,84],{"class":83},[33,16309,80],{"class":79},[33,16311,9388],{"class":47},[33,16313,1381],{"class":47},[33,16315,80],{"class":79},[33,16317,9453],{"class":83},[33,16319,80],{"class":79},[33,16321,55],{"class":47},[33,16323,7949],{"class":51},[33,16325,1890],{"class":47},[33,16327,16328,16330,16332,16334],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16329,157],{"class":156},[33,16331,133],{"class":47},[33,16333,13779],{"class":162},[33,16335,143],{"class":47},[14,16337,16338],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[18,16340,16342],{"id":16341},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16344,16345],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[316,16347,16348,16351,16354,16357],{},[319,16349,16350],{},"Keys must be unique",[319,16352,16353],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[319,16355,16356],{},"Values can repeat",[319,16358,16359],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[664,16361,16363],{"id":16362},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[23,16365,16367],{"className":25,"code":16366,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,16368,16369,16377,16395,16412,16416,16420],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16370,16371,16373,16375],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16372,1181],{"class":39},[33,16374,44],{"class":43},[33,16376,11645],{"class":47},[33,16378,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16380,11650],{"class":79},[33,16382,7827],{"class":83},[33,16384,80],{"class":79},[33,16386,3061],{"class":47},[33,16388,91],{"class":79},[33,16390,84],{"class":83},[33,16392,80],{"class":79},[33,16394,11666],{"class":47},[33,16396,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16410],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16398,11650],{"class":79},[33,16400,7827],{"class":83},[33,16402,80],{"class":79},[33,16404,3061],{"class":47},[33,16406,91],{"class":79},[33,16408,16409],{"class":83},"Maria",[33,16411,3532],{"class":79},[33,16413,16414],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16415,9462],{"class":47},[33,16417,16418],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16419,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16421,16422,16424,16426,16428],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,16423,157],{"class":156},[33,16425,133],{"class":47},[33,16427,1230],{"class":162},[33,16429,143],{"class":47},[14,16431,16432],{},[205,16433,207],{},[23,16435,16437],{"className":25,"code":16436,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[30,16438,16439],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16440,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16442,9432],{"class":47},[33,16444,236],{"class":79},[33,16446,7827],{"class":83},[33,16448,236],{"class":79},[33,16450,3061],{"class":47},[33,16452,245],{"class":79},[33,16454,16409],{"class":83},[33,16456,236],{"class":79},[33,16458,9462],{"class":47},[14,16460,16461],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[664,16463,16465],{"id":16464},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[23,16467,16469],{"className":25,"code":16468,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[30,16470,16471,16479,16495,16511,16525,16529,16533],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16472,16473,16475,16477],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16474,5228],{"class":39},[33,16476,44],{"class":43},[33,16478,11645],{"class":47},[33,16480,16481,16484,16486,16488,16491,16493],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16482,16483],{"class":51},"    1",[33,16485,3061],{"class":47},[33,16487,91],{"class":79},[33,16489,16490],{"class":83},"low",[33,16492,80],{"class":79},[33,16494,11666],{"class":47},[33,16496,16497,16500,16502,16504,16507,16509],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16498,16499],{"class":51},"    2",[33,16501,3061],{"class":47},[33,16503,91],{"class":79},[33,16505,16506],{"class":83},"medium",[33,16508,80],{"class":79},[33,16510,11666],{"class":47},[33,16512,16513,16516,16518,16520,16523],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16514,16515],{"class":51},"    3",[33,16517,3061],{"class":47},[33,16519,91],{"class":79},[33,16521,16522],{"class":83},"high",[33,16524,3532],{"class":79},[33,16526,16527],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16528,9462],{"class":47},[33,16530,16531],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,16532,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16534,16535,16537,16539,16542],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,16536,157],{"class":156},[33,16538,133],{"class":47},[33,16540,16541],{"class":162},"scores",[33,16543,143],{"class":47},[664,16545,16547],{"id":16546},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16549,16550],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16552,16553],{},"This will cause an error:",[23,16555,16557],{"className":25,"code":16556,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[30,16558,16559,16564,16569],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16560,16561],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16562,16563],{"class":1308},"# bad = {\n",[33,16565,16566],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16567,16568],{"class":1308},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[33,16570,16571],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16572,16573],{"class":1308},"# }\n",[14,16575,16576],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[23,16578,16580],{"className":25,"code":16579,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[30,16581,16582,16591,16611,16615,16619],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16583,16584,16587,16589],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16585,16586],{"class":39},"good ",[33,16588,44],{"class":43},[33,16590,11645],{"class":47},[33,16592,16593,16596,16598,16600,16602,16605,16607,16609],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16594,16595],{"class":47},"    (",[33,16597,52],{"class":51},[33,16599,55],{"class":47},[33,16601,58],{"class":51},[33,16603,16604],{"class":47},"):",[33,16606,91],{"class":79},[33,16608,163],{"class":83},[33,16610,3532],{"class":79},[33,16612,16613],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16614,9462],{"class":47},[33,16616,16617],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16618,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16620,16621,16623,16625,16628],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16622,157],{"class":156},[33,16624,133],{"class":47},[33,16626,16627],{"class":162},"good",[33,16629,143],{"class":47},[18,16631,16633],{"id":16632},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16635,16636],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16638,16639],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[316,16641,16642,16645,16647,16650],{},[319,16643,16644],{},"user data",[319,16646,14038],{},[319,16648,16649],{},"counters",[319,16651,16652],{},"lookups",[14,16654,367],{},[23,16656,16658],{"className":25,"code":16657,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[30,16659,16660,16668,16687,16706,16718,16722,16726],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16661,16662,16664,16666],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16663,11640],{"class":39},[33,16665,44],{"class":43},[33,16667,11645],{"class":47},[33,16669,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16683,16685],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16671,11650],{"class":79},[33,16673,8143],{"class":83},[33,16675,80],{"class":79},[33,16677,3061],{"class":47},[33,16679,91],{"class":79},[33,16681,16682],{"class":83},"ana123",[33,16684,80],{"class":79},[33,16686,11666],{"class":47},[33,16688,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16702,16704],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,16690,11650],{"class":79},[33,16692,15411],{"class":83},[33,16694,80],{"class":79},[33,16696,3061],{"class":47},[33,16698,91],{"class":79},[33,16700,16701],{"class":83},"ana@example.com",[33,16703,80],{"class":79},[33,16705,11666],{"class":47},[33,16707,16708,16710,16712,16714,16716],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,16709,11650],{"class":79},[33,16711,12667],{"class":83},[33,16713,80],{"class":79},[33,16715,3061],{"class":47},[33,16717,6582],{"class":398},[33,16719,16720],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,16721,9462],{"class":47},[33,16723,16724],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,16725,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,16727,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,16729,157],{"class":156},[33,16731,133],{"class":47},[33,16733,11734],{"class":162},[33,16735,217],{"class":47},[33,16737,80],{"class":79},[33,16739,15411],{"class":83},[33,16741,80],{"class":79},[33,16743,4059],{"class":47},[14,16745,16746,16747,310],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[273,16748,16750],{"href":16749},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16752,16753],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[316,16755,16756,16759,16762],{},[319,16757,16758],{},"labels are not needed",[319,16760,16761],{},"you mostly care about position",[319,16763,16764],{},"order matters more than named fields",[18,16766,3006],{"id":3005},[14,16768,16769],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[316,16771,16772,16775,16778,16781,16784],{},[319,16773,16774],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[319,16776,16777],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[319,16779,16780],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[319,16782,16783],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[319,16785,16786,16787,16789],{},"Mixing up ",[30,16788,3963],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[664,16791,16793],{"id":16792},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16795,16796],{},"Wrong:",[23,16798,16800],{"className":25,"code":16799,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[30,16801,16802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16803,16804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16805,16799],{"class":1308},[14,16807,16808],{},"Correct:",[23,16810,16812],{"className":25,"code":16811,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[30,16813,16814,16838],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16815,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16817,13017],{"class":39},[33,16819,44],{"class":43},[33,16821,10644],{"class":47},[33,16823,80],{"class":79},[33,16825,7827],{"class":83},[33,16827,80],{"class":79},[33,16829,3061],{"class":47},[33,16831,91],{"class":79},[33,16833,84],{"class":83},[33,16835,80],{"class":79},[33,16837,9462],{"class":47},[33,16839,16840,16842,16844,16846],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16841,157],{"class":156},[33,16843,133],{"class":47},[33,16845,13779],{"class":162},[33,16847,143],{"class":47},[664,16849,16851],{"id":16850},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16853,16796],{},[23,16855,16857],{"className":25,"code":16856,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[30,16858,16859],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16860,16861],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16862,16856],{"class":1308},[14,16864,16865,16866,16868,16869,16871],{},"This only works if ",[30,16867,7827],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[30,16870,15392],{},", use quotes.",[14,16873,16808],{},[23,16875,16876],{"className":25,"code":16811,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,16877,16878,16902],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16881,13017],{"class":39},[33,16883,44],{"class":43},[33,16885,10644],{"class":47},[33,16887,80],{"class":79},[33,16889,7827],{"class":83},[33,16891,80],{"class":79},[33,16893,3061],{"class":47},[33,16895,91],{"class":79},[33,16897,84],{"class":83},[33,16899,80],{"class":79},[33,16901,9462],{"class":47},[33,16903,16904,16906,16908,16910],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16905,157],{"class":156},[33,16907,133],{"class":47},[33,16909,13779],{"class":162},[33,16911,143],{"class":47},[664,16913,16915],{"id":16914},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[23,16917,16919],{"className":25,"code":16918,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[30,16920,16921,16953],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16922,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943,16945,16947,16949,16951],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16924,1181],{"class":39},[33,16926,44],{"class":43},[33,16928,10644],{"class":47},[33,16930,80],{"class":79},[33,16932,9453],{"class":83},[33,16934,80],{"class":79},[33,16936,3061],{"class":47},[33,16938,7949],{"class":51},[33,16940,55],{"class":47},[33,16942,91],{"class":79},[33,16944,9453],{"class":83},[33,16946,80],{"class":79},[33,16948,3061],{"class":47},[33,16950,7954],{"class":51},[33,16952,9462],{"class":47},[33,16954,16955,16957,16959,16961],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,16956,157],{"class":156},[33,16958,133],{"class":47},[33,16960,1230],{"class":162},[33,16962,143],{"class":47},[14,16964,16965],{},[205,16966,207],{},[23,16968,16970],{"className":25,"code":16969,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'age': 30}\n",[30,16971,16972],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,16973,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,16975,9432],{"class":47},[33,16977,236],{"class":79},[33,16979,9453],{"class":83},[33,16981,236],{"class":79},[33,16983,3061],{"class":47},[33,16985,7954],{"class":51},[33,16987,9462],{"class":47},[18,16989,16991],{"id":16990},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16993,16994],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[23,16996,16998],{"className":25,"code":16997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[30,16999,17000,17036,17040,17050,17064,17079,17093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17001,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17003,11877],{"class":39},[33,17005,44],{"class":43},[33,17007,10644],{"class":47},[33,17009,80],{"class":79},[33,17011,7827],{"class":83},[33,17013,80],{"class":79},[33,17015,3061],{"class":47},[33,17017,91],{"class":79},[33,17019,84],{"class":83},[33,17021,80],{"class":79},[33,17023,55],{"class":47},[33,17025,91],{"class":79},[33,17027,9453],{"class":83},[33,17029,80],{"class":79},[33,17031,3061],{"class":47},[33,17033,7949],{"class":51},[33,17035,9462],{"class":47},[33,17037,17038],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17039,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,17041,17042,17044,17046,17048],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17043,157],{"class":156},[33,17045,133],{"class":47},[33,17047,11601],{"class":162},[33,17049,143],{"class":47},[33,17051,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17053,157],{"class":156},[33,17055,133],{"class":47},[33,17057,1406],{"class":129},[33,17059,133],{"class":47},[33,17061,11601],{"class":162},[33,17063,733],{"class":47},[33,17065,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17077],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,17067,157],{"class":156},[33,17069,133],{"class":47},[33,17071,11601],{"class":162},[33,17073,310],{"class":47},[33,17075,17076],{"class":162},"keys",[33,17078,7353],{"class":47},[33,17080,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,17082,157],{"class":156},[33,17084,133],{"class":47},[33,17086,11601],{"class":162},[33,17088,310],{"class":47},[33,17090,1096],{"class":162},[33,17092,7353],{"class":47},[33,17094,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,17096,157],{"class":156},[33,17098,133],{"class":47},[33,17100,726],{"class":156},[33,17102,133],{"class":47},[33,17104,11601],{"class":162},[33,17106,733],{"class":47},[14,17108,17109],{},[205,17110,17111],{},"Example output:",[23,17113,17115],{"className":25,"code":17114,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[30,17116,17117,17149,17163,17186,17205],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17118,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17120,9432],{"class":47},[33,17122,236],{"class":79},[33,17124,7827],{"class":83},[33,17126,236],{"class":79},[33,17128,3061],{"class":47},[33,17130,245],{"class":79},[33,17132,84],{"class":83},[33,17134,236],{"class":79},[33,17136,55],{"class":47},[33,17138,245],{"class":79},[33,17140,9453],{"class":83},[33,17142,236],{"class":79},[33,17144,3061],{"class":47},[33,17146,7949],{"class":51},[33,17148,9462],{"class":47},[33,17150,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17152,1427],{"class":43},[33,17154,1431],{"class":1430},[33,17156,245],{"class":79},[33,17158,8977],{"class":83},[33,17160,236],{"class":79},[33,17162,1441],{"class":43},[33,17164,17165,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17166,17167],{"class":162},"dict_keys",[33,17169,3162],{"class":47},[33,17171,236],{"class":79},[33,17173,7827],{"class":83},[33,17175,236],{"class":79},[33,17177,55],{"class":47},[33,17179,245],{"class":79},[33,17181,9453],{"class":83},[33,17183,236],{"class":79},[33,17185,4059],{"class":47},[33,17187,17188,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17189,17190],{"class":162},"dict_values",[33,17192,3162],{"class":47},[33,17194,236],{"class":79},[33,17196,84],{"class":83},[33,17198,236],{"class":79},[33,17200,55],{"class":47},[33,17202,7949],{"class":51},[33,17204,4059],{"class":47},[33,17206,17207],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,17208,17209],{"class":51},"2\n",[14,17211,17212,17213,1931,17219,1938,17225,310],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[273,17214,10891,17216],{"href":17215},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[30,17217,17218],{},"keys()",[273,17220,10891,17222],{"href":17221},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[30,17223,17224],{},"values()",[273,17226,10891,17228],{"href":17227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[30,17229,17230],{},"items()",[18,17232,1961],{"id":1960},[664,17234,17236],{"id":17235},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17238,672,17239,453,17241,17243],{},[30,17240,3963],{},[30,17242,9276],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[664,17245,17247],{"id":17246},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17249,17250,17251,310],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[30,17252,17253],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[664,17255,17257],{"id":17256},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17259,17260],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[664,17262,17264],{"id":17263},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17266,17267],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[664,17269,2027,17271,2030,17273,2033],{"id":17270},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[30,17272,3963],{},[30,17274,9276],{},[14,17276,17277,17279,17280,17282],{},[30,17278,3963],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[30,17281,9276],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[18,17284,2045],{"id":2044},[316,17286,17287,17291,17297,17301,17307],{},[319,17288,17289],{},[273,17290,9312],{"href":9311},[319,17292,17293],{},[273,17294,10891,17295,887],{"href":10890},[30,17296,10894],{},[319,17298,17299],{},[273,17300,11403],{"href":10885},[319,17302,17303],{},[273,17304,17306],{"href":17305},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[319,17308,17309],{},[273,17310,11414],{"href":11227},[14,17312,17313],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2097,17315,17316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":17318},[17319,17320,17321,17322,17325,17328,17333,17334,17339,17340,17345,17346,17354],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":15332,"depth":69,"text":15320},{"id":15417,"depth":69,"text":15418,"children":17323},[17324],{"id":15569,"depth":110,"text":15570},{"id":9555,"depth":69,"text":9556,"children":17326},[17327],{"id":15747,"depth":110,"text":15748},{"id":15860,"depth":69,"text":17329,"children":17330},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17331],{"id":15987,"depth":110,"text":17332},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9597,"depth":69,"text":9598},{"id":16341,"depth":69,"text":16342,"children":17335},[17336,17337,17338],{"id":16362,"depth":110,"text":16363},{"id":16464,"depth":110,"text":16465},{"id":16546,"depth":110,"text":16547},{"id":16632,"depth":69,"text":16633},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":17341},[17342,17343,17344],{"id":16792,"depth":110,"text":16793},{"id":16850,"depth":110,"text":16851},{"id":16914,"depth":110,"text":16915},{"id":16990,"depth":69,"text":16991},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":17347},[17348,17349,17350,17351,17352],{"id":17235,"depth":110,"text":17236},{"id":17246,"depth":110,"text":17247},{"id":17256,"depth":110,"text":17257},{"id":17263,"depth":110,"text":17264},{"id":17270,"depth":110,"text":17353},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15159,"description":17355},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17361,"title":17362,"body":17363,"description":19813,"extension":2138,"meta":19814,"navigation":149,"path":19815,"seo":19816,"stem":19817,"__hash__":19818},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17364,"toc":19769},[17365,17371,17377,17380,17383,17385,17467,17473,17478,17482,17500,17512,17517,17521,17544,17548,17560,17568,17572,17578,17580,17583,17658,17660,17705,17707,17724,17729,17735,17740,17814,17816,17861,17864,17875,17877,17996,17998,18051,18058,18062,18065,18082,18088,18092,18190,18192,18244,18251,18255,18261,18264,18267,18294,18299,18303,18306,18410,18412,18457,18460,18463,18468,18473,18484,18486,18547,18607,18613,18621,18627,18632,18637,18697,18701,18768,18771,18775,18846,18849,18862,18869,18871,18875,18879,18949,18951,18988,18991,18994,19057,19064,19067,19109,19119,19122,19191,19197,19202,19286,19288,19337,19344,19350,19395,19397,19430,19435,19439,19445,19484,19528,19596,19639,19641,19647,19650,19654,19659,19663,19666,19670,19672,19733,19735,19761,19766],[10,17366,11470,17368,2059],{"id":17367},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[30,17369,17370],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17372,17373,17376],{},[30,17374,17375],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17378,17379],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17381,17382],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[18,17384,2180],{"id":2179},[23,17386,17388],{"className":25,"code":17387,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[30,17389,17390,17423,17451,17462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17391,17392,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17393,17394],{"class":39},"keys ",[33,17396,44],{"class":43},[33,17398,48],{"class":47},[33,17400,80],{"class":79},[33,17402,7827],{"class":83},[33,17404,80],{"class":79},[33,17406,55],{"class":47},[33,17408,91],{"class":79},[33,17410,9453],{"class":83},[33,17412,80],{"class":79},[33,17414,55],{"class":47},[33,17416,91],{"class":79},[33,17418,10562],{"class":83},[33,17420,80],{"class":79},[33,17422,66],{"class":47},[33,17424,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17447,17449],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17426,13358],{"class":39},[33,17428,44],{"class":43},[33,17430,9326],{"class":129},[33,17432,310],{"class":47},[33,17434,17435],{"class":162},"fromkeys",[33,17437,133],{"class":47},[33,17439,17076],{"class":162},[33,17441,55],{"class":47},[33,17443,91],{"class":79},[33,17445,17446],{"class":83},"unknown",[33,17448,80],{"class":79},[33,17450,143],{"class":47},[33,17452,17453,17455,17457,17460],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17454,157],{"class":156},[33,17456,133],{"class":47},[33,17458,17459],{"class":162},"person",[33,17461,143],{"class":47},[33,17463,17464],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17465,17466],{"class":1308},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17468,672,17469,17472],{},[30,17470,17471],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[18,17474,3848,17476,3851],{"id":17475},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[30,17477,17375],{},[14,17479,17480,3061],{},[30,17481,17375],{},[316,17483,17484,17487,17490,17493],{},[319,17485,17486],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[319,17488,17489],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[319,17491,17492],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[319,17494,17495,17496,17499],{},"Is called as ",[30,17497,17498],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17501,17502,17503,17505,17506,17508,17509,310],{},"This is a class method on ",[30,17504,8977],{},", so you write ",[30,17507,17498],{}," instead of something like ",[30,17510,17511],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17513,17514,17515,310],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[273,17516,9312],{"href":13176},[18,17518,17520],{"id":17519},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[23,17522,17524],{"className":25,"code":17523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[30,17525,17526],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17527,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17529,8977],{"class":129},[33,17531,310],{"class":47},[33,17533,17435],{"class":162},[33,17535,133],{"class":47},[33,17537,3892],{"class":162},[33,17539,55],{"class":47},[33,17541,8589],{"class":162},[33,17543,143],{"class":47},[664,17545,17547],{"id":17546},"parameters","Parameters",[316,17549,17550,17555],{},[319,17551,17552,17554],{},[30,17553,3892],{},": the keys to use",[319,17556,17557,17559],{},[30,17558,2647],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17561,17562,17563,17565,17566,310],{},"If you leave out ",[30,17564,2647],{},", each key gets ",[30,17567,3950],{},[664,17569,17571],{"id":17570},"return-value","Return value",[14,17573,17574,17575,310],{},"It returns a ",[205,17576,17577],{},"new dictionary",[18,17579,5946],{"id":5945},[14,17581,17582],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[23,17584,17586],{"className":25,"code":17585,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,17587,17588,17621,17643,17647],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17589,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17591,17394],{"class":39},[33,17593,44],{"class":43},[33,17595,48],{"class":47},[33,17597,80],{"class":79},[33,17599,13246],{"class":83},[33,17601,80],{"class":79},[33,17603,55],{"class":47},[33,17605,91],{"class":79},[33,17607,17608],{"class":83},"green",[33,17610,80],{"class":79},[33,17612,55],{"class":47},[33,17614,91],{"class":79},[33,17616,13263],{"class":83},[33,17618,80],{"class":79},[33,17620,66],{"class":47},[33,17622,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17624,13229],{"class":39},[33,17626,44],{"class":43},[33,17628,9326],{"class":129},[33,17630,310],{"class":47},[33,17632,17435],{"class":162},[33,17634,133],{"class":47},[33,17636,17076],{"class":162},[33,17638,55],{"class":47},[33,17640,4004],{"class":51},[33,17642,143],{"class":47},[33,17644,17645],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17646,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,17648,17649,17651,17653,17656],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17650,157],{"class":156},[33,17652,133],{"class":47},[33,17654,17655],{"class":162},"colors",[33,17657,143],{"class":47},[14,17659,207],{},[23,17661,17663],{"className":25,"code":17662,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[30,17664,17665],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17666,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17668,9432],{"class":47},[33,17670,236],{"class":79},[33,17672,13246],{"class":83},[33,17674,236],{"class":79},[33,17676,3061],{"class":47},[33,17678,4004],{"class":51},[33,17680,55],{"class":47},[33,17682,245],{"class":79},[33,17684,17608],{"class":83},[33,17686,236],{"class":79},[33,17688,3061],{"class":47},[33,17690,4004],{"class":51},[33,17692,55],{"class":47},[33,17694,245],{"class":79},[33,17696,13263],{"class":83},[33,17698,236],{"class":79},[33,17700,3061],{"class":47},[33,17702,4004],{"class":51},[33,17704,9462],{"class":47},[14,17706,11836],{},[316,17708,17709,17714,17719],{},[319,17710,17711,17713],{},[30,17712,17076],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[319,17715,17716,17718],{},[30,17717,1114],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[319,17720,17721,17723],{},[30,17722,17375],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17725,17726,17727,310],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[273,17728,9545],{"href":13179},[18,17730,1357,17732,17734],{"id":17731},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[30,17733,17370],{}," without a value",[14,17736,17737,17738,310],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[30,17739,3950],{},[23,17741,17743],{"className":25,"code":17742,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[30,17744,17745,17779,17799,17803],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17746,17747,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17775,17777],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17748,17749],{"class":39},"fields ",[33,17751,44],{"class":43},[33,17753,48],{"class":47},[33,17755,80],{"class":79},[33,17757,8143],{"class":83},[33,17759,80],{"class":79},[33,17761,55],{"class":47},[33,17763,91],{"class":79},[33,17765,15411],{"class":83},[33,17767,80],{"class":79},[33,17769,55],{"class":47},[33,17771,91],{"class":79},[33,17773,17774],{"class":83},"password",[33,17776,80],{"class":79},[33,17778,66],{"class":47},[33,17780,17781,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17797],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17782,17783],{"class":39},"user_data ",[33,17785,44],{"class":43},[33,17787,9326],{"class":129},[33,17789,310],{"class":47},[33,17791,17435],{"class":162},[33,17793,133],{"class":47},[33,17795,17796],{"class":162},"fields",[33,17798,143],{"class":47},[33,17800,17801],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17802,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,17804,17805,17807,17809,17812],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17806,157],{"class":156},[33,17808,133],{"class":47},[33,17810,17811],{"class":162},"user_data",[33,17813,143],{"class":47},[14,17815,207],{},[23,17817,17819],{"className":25,"code":17818,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[30,17820,17821],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17822,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17824,9432],{"class":47},[33,17826,236],{"class":79},[33,17828,8143],{"class":83},[33,17830,236],{"class":79},[33,17832,3061],{"class":47},[33,17834,4022],{"class":398},[33,17836,55],{"class":47},[33,17838,245],{"class":79},[33,17840,15411],{"class":83},[33,17842,236],{"class":79},[33,17844,3061],{"class":47},[33,17846,4022],{"class":398},[33,17848,55],{"class":47},[33,17850,245],{"class":79},[33,17852,17774],{"class":83},[33,17854,236],{"class":79},[33,17856,3061],{"class":47},[33,17858,4022],{"class":398},[33,17860,9462],{"class":47},[14,17862,17863],{},"This is useful when:",[316,17865,17866,17869,17872],{},[319,17867,17868],{},"You want to create the keys first",[319,17870,17871],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[319,17873,17874],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17876,367],{},[23,17878,17880],{"className":25,"code":17879,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[30,17881,17882,17914,17932,17936,17959,17982,17986],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,17883,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,17885,17749],{"class":39},[33,17887,44],{"class":43},[33,17889,48],{"class":47},[33,17891,80],{"class":79},[33,17893,8143],{"class":83},[33,17895,80],{"class":79},[33,17897,55],{"class":47},[33,17899,91],{"class":79},[33,17901,15411],{"class":83},[33,17903,80],{"class":79},[33,17905,55],{"class":47},[33,17907,91],{"class":79},[33,17909,17774],{"class":83},[33,17911,80],{"class":79},[33,17913,66],{"class":47},[33,17915,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,17917,17783],{"class":39},[33,17919,44],{"class":43},[33,17921,9326],{"class":129},[33,17923,310],{"class":47},[33,17925,17435],{"class":162},[33,17927,133],{"class":47},[33,17929,17796],{"class":162},[33,17931,143],{"class":47},[33,17933,17934],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,17935,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,17937,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17957],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,17939,17811],{"class":39},[33,17941,217],{"class":47},[33,17943,80],{"class":79},[33,17945,8143],{"class":83},[33,17947,80],{"class":79},[33,17949,13427],{"class":47},[33,17951,13430],{"class":43},[33,17953,91],{"class":79},[33,17955,17956],{"class":83},"alice",[33,17958,3532],{"class":79},[33,17960,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975,17977,17980],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,17962,17811],{"class":39},[33,17964,217],{"class":47},[33,17966,80],{"class":79},[33,17968,15411],{"class":83},[33,17970,80],{"class":79},[33,17972,13427],{"class":47},[33,17974,13430],{"class":43},[33,17976,91],{"class":79},[33,17978,17979],{"class":83},"alice@example.com",[33,17981,3532],{"class":79},[33,17983,17984],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,17985,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,17987,17988,17990,17992,17994],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,17989,157],{"class":156},[33,17991,133],{"class":47},[33,17993,17811],{"class":162},[33,17995,143],{"class":47},[14,17997,207],{},[23,17999,18001],{"className":25,"code":18000,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[30,18002,18003],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18004,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18006,9432],{"class":47},[33,18008,236],{"class":79},[33,18010,8143],{"class":83},[33,18012,236],{"class":79},[33,18014,3061],{"class":47},[33,18016,245],{"class":79},[33,18018,17956],{"class":83},[33,18020,236],{"class":79},[33,18022,55],{"class":47},[33,18024,245],{"class":79},[33,18026,15411],{"class":83},[33,18028,236],{"class":79},[33,18030,3061],{"class":47},[33,18032,245],{"class":79},[33,18034,17979],{"class":83},[33,18036,236],{"class":79},[33,18038,55],{"class":47},[33,18040,245],{"class":79},[33,18042,17774],{"class":83},[33,18044,236],{"class":79},[33,18046,3061],{"class":47},[33,18048,4022],{"class":398},[33,18050,9462],{"class":47},[14,18052,18053,18054,310],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[273,18055,18057],{"href":18056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[18,18059,18061],{"id":18060},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18063,18064],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[316,18066,18067,18072,18077],{},[319,18068,18069,18071],{},[30,18070,301],{}," (list)",[319,18073,18074,18076],{},[30,18075,3963],{}," (dictionary)",[319,18078,18079,18081],{},[30,18080,3968],{}," (set)",[14,18083,18084,18085,310],{},"All keys will point to the ",[205,18086,18087],{},"same object",[664,18089,18091],{"id":18090},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[23,18093,18095],{"className":25,"code":18094,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,18096,18097,18129,18150,18154,18176,18180],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18098,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18100,17394],{"class":39},[33,18102,44],{"class":43},[33,18104,48],{"class":47},[33,18106,80],{"class":79},[33,18108,273],{"class":83},[33,18110,80],{"class":79},[33,18112,55],{"class":47},[33,18114,91],{"class":79},[33,18116,282],{"class":83},[33,18118,80],{"class":79},[33,18120,55],{"class":47},[33,18122,91],{"class":79},[33,18124,291],{"class":83},[33,18126,80],{"class":79},[33,18128,66],{"class":47},[33,18130,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18132,1181],{"class":39},[33,18134,44],{"class":43},[33,18136,9326],{"class":129},[33,18138,310],{"class":47},[33,18140,17435],{"class":162},[33,18142,133],{"class":47},[33,18144,17076],{"class":162},[33,18146,55],{"class":47},[33,18148,18149],{"class":47}," [])\n",[33,18151,18152],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,18153,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,18155,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,18157,1230],{"class":39},[33,18159,217],{"class":47},[33,18161,80],{"class":79},[33,18163,273],{"class":83},[33,18165,80],{"class":79},[33,18167,13704],{"class":47},[33,18169,780],{"class":162},[33,18171,133],{"class":47},[33,18173,52],{"class":51},[33,18175,143],{"class":47},[33,18177,18178],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,18179,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,18183,157],{"class":156},[33,18185,133],{"class":47},[33,18187,1230],{"class":162},[33,18189,143],{"class":47},[14,18191,207],{},[23,18193,18195],{"className":25,"code":18194,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[30,18196,18197],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18198,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18200,9432],{"class":47},[33,18202,236],{"class":79},[33,18204,273],{"class":83},[33,18206,236],{"class":79},[33,18208,3061],{"class":47},[33,18210,48],{"class":47},[33,18212,52],{"class":51},[33,18214,18215],{"class":47},"],",[33,18217,245],{"class":79},[33,18219,282],{"class":83},[33,18221,236],{"class":79},[33,18223,3061],{"class":47},[33,18225,48],{"class":47},[33,18227,52],{"class":51},[33,18229,18215],{"class":47},[33,18231,245],{"class":79},[33,18233,291],{"class":83},[33,18235,236],{"class":79},[33,18237,3061],{"class":47},[33,18239,48],{"class":47},[33,18241,52],{"class":51},[33,18243,13859],{"class":47},[14,18245,18246,18247,18250],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[30,18248,18249],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[664,18252,18254],{"id":18253},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18256,18257,18260],{},[30,18258,18259],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18262,18263],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18265,18266],{},"So this:",[23,18268,18270],{"className":25,"code":18269,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[30,18271,18272],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18273,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18275,1230],{"class":39},[33,18277,217],{"class":47},[33,18279,80],{"class":79},[33,18281,273],{"class":83},[33,18283,80],{"class":79},[33,18285,13704],{"class":47},[33,18287,780],{"class":162},[33,18289,133],{"class":47},[33,18291,52],{"class":51},[33,18293,143],{"class":47},[14,18295,18296,18297,310],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[30,18298,18249],{},[664,18300,18302],{"id":18301},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18304,18305],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[23,18307,18309],{"className":25,"code":18308,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,18310,18311,18343,18370,18374,18396,18400],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18312,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18314,17394],{"class":39},[33,18316,44],{"class":43},[33,18318,48],{"class":47},[33,18320,80],{"class":79},[33,18322,273],{"class":83},[33,18324,80],{"class":79},[33,18326,55],{"class":47},[33,18328,91],{"class":79},[33,18330,282],{"class":83},[33,18332,80],{"class":79},[33,18334,55],{"class":47},[33,18336,91],{"class":79},[33,18338,291],{"class":83},[33,18340,80],{"class":79},[33,18342,66],{"class":47},[33,18344,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18358,18360,18363,18365,18368],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18346,1181],{"class":39},[33,18348,44],{"class":43},[33,18350,10644],{"class":47},[33,18352,14995],{"class":39},[33,18354,3061],{"class":47},[33,18356,18357],{"class":47}," []",[33,18359,4047],{"class":4046},[33,18361,18362],{"class":39}," key ",[33,18364,4053],{"class":4046},[33,18366,18367],{"class":39}," keys",[33,18369,9462],{"class":47},[33,18371,18372],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,18373,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,18375,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,18377,1230],{"class":39},[33,18379,217],{"class":47},[33,18381,80],{"class":79},[33,18383,273],{"class":83},[33,18385,80],{"class":79},[33,18387,13704],{"class":47},[33,18389,780],{"class":162},[33,18391,133],{"class":47},[33,18393,52],{"class":51},[33,18395,143],{"class":47},[33,18397,18398],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,18399,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,18401,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,18403,157],{"class":156},[33,18405,133],{"class":47},[33,18407,1230],{"class":162},[33,18409,143],{"class":47},[14,18411,207],{},[23,18413,18415],{"className":25,"code":18414,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[30,18416,18417],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18418,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18420,9432],{"class":47},[33,18422,236],{"class":79},[33,18424,273],{"class":83},[33,18426,236],{"class":79},[33,18428,3061],{"class":47},[33,18430,48],{"class":47},[33,18432,52],{"class":51},[33,18434,18215],{"class":47},[33,18436,245],{"class":79},[33,18438,282],{"class":83},[33,18440,236],{"class":79},[33,18442,3061],{"class":47},[33,18444,18445],{"class":47}," [],",[33,18447,245],{"class":79},[33,18449,291],{"class":83},[33,18451,236],{"class":79},[33,18453,3061],{"class":47},[33,18455,18456],{"class":47}," []}\n",[14,18458,18459],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18461,18462],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[18,18464,5127,18466],{"id":18465},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[30,18467,17370],{},[14,18469,18470,18472],{},[30,18471,17375],{}," is a good choice when:",[316,18474,18475,18478,18481],{},[319,18476,18477],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[319,18479,18480],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[319,18482,18483],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18485,2302],{},[23,18487,18489],{"className":25,"code":18488,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[30,18490,18491,18536],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18492,18493,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18528,18530,18532,18534],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18494,18495],{"class":39},"flags ",[33,18497,44],{"class":43},[33,18499,9326],{"class":129},[33,18501,310],{"class":47},[33,18503,17435],{"class":162},[33,18505,3162],{"class":47},[33,18507,80],{"class":79},[33,18509,18510],{"class":83},"is_admin",[33,18512,80],{"class":79},[33,18514,55],{"class":47},[33,18516,91],{"class":79},[33,18518,15233],{"class":83},[33,18520,80],{"class":79},[33,18522,55],{"class":47},[33,18524,91],{"class":79},[33,18526,18527],{"class":83},"is_verified",[33,18529,80],{"class":79},[33,18531,18215],{"class":47},[33,18533,552],{"class":398},[33,18535,143],{"class":47},[33,18537,18538,18540,18542,18545],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18539,157],{"class":156},[33,18541,133],{"class":47},[33,18543,18544],{"class":162},"flags",[33,18546,143],{"class":47},[23,18548,18550],{"className":25,"code":18549,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[30,18551,18552,18597],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18553,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18571,18573,18575,18577,18580,18582,18584,18586,18589,18591,18593,18595],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18555,5228],{"class":39},[33,18557,44],{"class":43},[33,18559,9326],{"class":129},[33,18561,310],{"class":47},[33,18563,17435],{"class":162},[33,18565,3162],{"class":47},[33,18567,80],{"class":79},[33,18569,18570],{"class":83},"math",[33,18572,80],{"class":79},[33,18574,55],{"class":47},[33,18576,91],{"class":79},[33,18578,18579],{"class":83},"science",[33,18581,80],{"class":79},[33,18583,55],{"class":47},[33,18585,91],{"class":79},[33,18587,18588],{"class":83},"history",[33,18590,80],{"class":79},[33,18592,18215],{"class":47},[33,18594,4004],{"class":51},[33,18596,143],{"class":47},[33,18598,18599,18601,18603,18605],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18600,157],{"class":156},[33,18602,133],{"class":47},[33,18604,16541],{"class":162},[33,18606,143],{"class":47},[14,18608,18609,18610,18612],{},"It is ",[205,18611,4796],{}," the best choice when:",[316,18614,18615,18618],{},[319,18616,18617],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[319,18619,18620],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[18,18622,18624,18626],{"id":18623},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[30,18625,17370],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18628,18629,18631],{},[30,18630,17370],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[664,18633,1357,18635],{"id":18634},"using-fromkeys",[30,18636,17370],{},[23,18638,18640],{"className":25,"code":18639,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[30,18641,18642,18687],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18643,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18661,18663,18665,18667,18670,18672,18674,18676,18679,18681,18683,18685],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18645,13979],{"class":39},[33,18647,44],{"class":43},[33,18649,9326],{"class":129},[33,18651,310],{"class":47},[33,18653,17435],{"class":162},[33,18655,3162],{"class":47},[33,18657,80],{"class":79},[33,18659,18660],{"class":83},"sound",[33,18662,80],{"class":79},[33,18664,55],{"class":47},[33,18666,91],{"class":79},[33,18668,18669],{"class":83},"music",[33,18671,80],{"class":79},[33,18673,55],{"class":47},[33,18675,91],{"class":79},[33,18677,18678],{"class":83},"notifications",[33,18680,80],{"class":79},[33,18682,18215],{"class":47},[33,18684,399],{"class":398},[33,18686,143],{"class":47},[33,18688,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18690,157],{"class":156},[33,18692,133],{"class":47},[33,18694,14038],{"class":162},[33,18696,143],{"class":47},[664,18698,18700],{"id":18699},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[23,18702,18704],{"className":25,"code":18703,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[30,18705,18706,18714,18728,18742,18754,18758],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18707,18708,18710,18712],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18709,13979],{"class":39},[33,18711,44],{"class":43},[33,18713,11645],{"class":47},[33,18715,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18717,11650],{"class":79},[33,18719,18660],{"class":83},[33,18721,80],{"class":79},[33,18723,3061],{"class":47},[33,18725,399],{"class":398},[33,18727,11666],{"class":47},[33,18729,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,18731,11650],{"class":79},[33,18733,18669],{"class":83},[33,18735,80],{"class":79},[33,18737,3061],{"class":47},[33,18739,552],{"class":398},[33,18741,11666],{"class":47},[33,18743,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,18745,11650],{"class":79},[33,18747,18678],{"class":83},[33,18749,80],{"class":79},[33,18751,3061],{"class":47},[33,18753,6582],{"class":398},[33,18755,18756],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,18757,9462],{"class":47},[33,18759,18760,18762,18764,18766],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,18761,157],{"class":156},[33,18763,133],{"class":47},[33,18765,14038],{"class":162},[33,18767,143],{"class":47},[14,18769,18770],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[664,18772,18774],{"id":18773},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[23,18776,18778],{"className":25,"code":18777,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[30,18779,18780,18812,18836],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18781,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18783,17394],{"class":39},[33,18785,44],{"class":43},[33,18787,48],{"class":47},[33,18789,80],{"class":79},[33,18791,273],{"class":83},[33,18793,80],{"class":79},[33,18795,55],{"class":47},[33,18797,91],{"class":79},[33,18799,282],{"class":83},[33,18801,80],{"class":79},[33,18803,55],{"class":47},[33,18805,91],{"class":79},[33,18807,291],{"class":83},[33,18809,80],{"class":79},[33,18811,66],{"class":47},[33,18813,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18815,1181],{"class":39},[33,18817,44],{"class":43},[33,18819,10644],{"class":47},[33,18821,14995],{"class":39},[33,18823,3061],{"class":47},[33,18825,18357],{"class":47},[33,18827,4047],{"class":4046},[33,18829,18362],{"class":39},[33,18831,4053],{"class":4046},[33,18833,18367],{"class":39},[33,18835,9462],{"class":47},[33,18837,18838,18840,18842,18844],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,18839,157],{"class":156},[33,18841,133],{"class":47},[33,18843,1230],{"class":162},[33,18845,143],{"class":47},[14,18847,18848],{},"Use:",[316,18850,18851,18856,18859],{},[319,18852,18853,18855],{},[30,18854,17370],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[319,18857,18858],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[319,18860,18861],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18863,18864,18865,310],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[273,18866,10891,18867,887],{"href":14186},[30,18868,15108],{},[18,18870,3006],{"id":3005},[14,18872,14887,18873,310],{},[30,18874,17375],{},[664,18876,18878],{"id":18877},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[23,18880,18882],{"className":25,"code":18881,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[30,18883,18884,18917,18939],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18885,18886,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18887,18888],{"class":39},"d ",[33,18890,44],{"class":43},[33,18892,9326],{"class":129},[33,18894,310],{"class":47},[33,18896,17435],{"class":162},[33,18898,3162],{"class":47},[33,18900,80],{"class":79},[33,18902,273],{"class":83},[33,18904,80],{"class":79},[33,18906,55],{"class":47},[33,18908,91],{"class":79},[33,18910,282],{"class":83},[33,18912,80],{"class":79},[33,18914,18215],{"class":47},[33,18916,18149],{"class":47},[33,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,18920,1634],{"class":39},[33,18922,217],{"class":47},[33,18924,80],{"class":79},[33,18926,273],{"class":83},[33,18928,80],{"class":79},[33,18930,13704],{"class":47},[33,18932,780],{"class":162},[33,18934,133],{"class":47},[33,18936,52],{"class":51},[33,18938,143],{"class":47},[33,18940,18941,18943,18945,18947],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,18942,157],{"class":156},[33,18944,133],{"class":47},[33,18946,1634],{"class":162},[33,18948,143],{"class":47},[14,18950,207],{},[23,18952,18954],{"className":25,"code":18953,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[30,18955,18956],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,18957,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,18959,9432],{"class":47},[33,18961,236],{"class":79},[33,18963,273],{"class":83},[33,18965,236],{"class":79},[33,18967,3061],{"class":47},[33,18969,48],{"class":47},[33,18971,52],{"class":51},[33,18973,18215],{"class":47},[33,18975,245],{"class":79},[33,18977,282],{"class":83},[33,18979,236],{"class":79},[33,18981,3061],{"class":47},[33,18983,48],{"class":47},[33,18985,52],{"class":51},[33,18987,13859],{"class":47},[14,18989,18990],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18992,18993],{},"Use this instead:",[23,18995,18997],{"className":25,"code":18996,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[30,18998,18999,19023,19047],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19002,17394],{"class":39},[33,19004,44],{"class":43},[33,19006,48],{"class":47},[33,19008,80],{"class":79},[33,19010,273],{"class":83},[33,19012,80],{"class":79},[33,19014,55],{"class":47},[33,19016,91],{"class":79},[33,19018,282],{"class":83},[33,19020,80],{"class":79},[33,19022,66],{"class":47},[33,19024,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19026,18888],{"class":39},[33,19028,44],{"class":43},[33,19030,10644],{"class":47},[33,19032,14995],{"class":39},[33,19034,3061],{"class":47},[33,19036,18357],{"class":47},[33,19038,4047],{"class":4046},[33,19040,18362],{"class":39},[33,19042,4053],{"class":4046},[33,19044,18367],{"class":39},[33,19046,9462],{"class":47},[33,19048,19049,19051,19053,19055],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,19050,157],{"class":156},[33,19052,133],{"class":47},[33,19054,1634],{"class":162},[33,19056,143],{"class":47},[664,19058,19060,19061,19063],{"id":19059},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[30,19062,17370],{}," on a list",[14,19065,19066],{},"Wrong idea:",[23,19068,19070],{"className":25,"code":19069,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[30,19071,19072,19104],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19073,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19075,17394],{"class":39},[33,19077,44],{"class":43},[33,19079,48],{"class":47},[33,19081,80],{"class":79},[33,19083,273],{"class":83},[33,19085,80],{"class":79},[33,19087,55],{"class":47},[33,19089,91],{"class":79},[33,19091,282],{"class":83},[33,19093,80],{"class":79},[33,19095,55],{"class":47},[33,19097,91],{"class":79},[33,19099,291],{"class":83},[33,19101,80],{"class":79},[33,19103,66],{"class":47},[33,19105,19106],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19107,19108],{"class":1308},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19110,19111,19113,19114,19116,19117,310],{},[30,19112,17370],{}," belongs to ",[30,19115,8977],{},", not ",[30,19118,1879],{},[14,19120,19121],{},"Correct usage:",[23,19123,19125],{"className":25,"code":19124,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[30,19126,19127,19159,19181],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19128,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19130,17394],{"class":39},[33,19132,44],{"class":43},[33,19134,48],{"class":47},[33,19136,80],{"class":79},[33,19138,273],{"class":83},[33,19140,80],{"class":79},[33,19142,55],{"class":47},[33,19144,91],{"class":79},[33,19146,282],{"class":83},[33,19148,80],{"class":79},[33,19150,55],{"class":47},[33,19152,91],{"class":79},[33,19154,291],{"class":83},[33,19156,80],{"class":79},[33,19158,66],{"class":47},[33,19160,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19162,18888],{"class":39},[33,19164,44],{"class":43},[33,19166,9326],{"class":129},[33,19168,310],{"class":47},[33,19170,17435],{"class":162},[33,19172,133],{"class":47},[33,19174,17076],{"class":162},[33,19176,55],{"class":47},[33,19178,4004],{"class":51},[33,19180,143],{"class":47},[33,19182,19183,19185,19187,19189],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,19184,157],{"class":156},[33,19186,133],{"class":47},[33,19188,1634],{"class":162},[33,19190,143],{"class":47},[664,19192,1487,19194,19196],{"id":19193},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[30,19195,17370],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19198,19199,19201],{},[30,19200,17375],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[23,19203,19205],{"className":25,"code":19204,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[30,19206,19207,19227,19261,19265,19275],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19210,12238],{"class":39},[33,19212,44],{"class":43},[33,19214,10644],{"class":47},[33,19216,80],{"class":79},[33,19218,2351],{"class":83},[33,19220,80],{"class":79},[33,19222,3061],{"class":47},[33,19224,1119],{"class":51},[33,19226,9462],{"class":47},[33,19228,19229,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19230,13191],{"class":39},[33,19232,44],{"class":43},[33,19234,9326],{"class":129},[33,19236,310],{"class":47},[33,19238,17435],{"class":162},[33,19240,3162],{"class":47},[33,19242,80],{"class":79},[33,19244,273],{"class":83},[33,19246,80],{"class":79},[33,19248,55],{"class":47},[33,19250,91],{"class":79},[33,19252,282],{"class":83},[33,19254,80],{"class":79},[33,19256,18215],{"class":47},[33,19258,4004],{"class":51},[33,19260,143],{"class":47},[33,19262,19263],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,19264,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,19266,19267,19269,19271,19273],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,19268,157],{"class":156},[33,19270,133],{"class":47},[33,19272,12285],{"class":162},[33,19274,143],{"class":47},[33,19276,19277,19279,19281,19284],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,19278,157],{"class":156},[33,19280,133],{"class":47},[33,19282,19283],{"class":162},"new_dict",[33,19285,143],{"class":47},[14,19287,207],{},[23,19289,19291],{"className":25,"code":19290,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[30,19292,19293,19309],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19294,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19296,9432],{"class":47},[33,19298,236],{"class":79},[33,19300,2351],{"class":83},[33,19302,236],{"class":79},[33,19304,3061],{"class":47},[33,19306,1119],{"class":51},[33,19308,9462],{"class":47},[33,19310,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19312,9432],{"class":47},[33,19314,236],{"class":79},[33,19316,273],{"class":83},[33,19318,236],{"class":79},[33,19320,3061],{"class":47},[33,19322,4004],{"class":51},[33,19324,55],{"class":47},[33,19326,245],{"class":79},[33,19328,282],{"class":83},[33,19330,236],{"class":79},[33,19332,3061],{"class":47},[33,19334,4004],{"class":51},[33,19336,9462],{"class":47},[14,19338,19339,19340,310],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[273,19341,10891,19342,887],{"href":14186},[30,19343,15108],{},[664,19345,19347,19348],{"id":19346},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[30,19349,3950],{},[23,19351,19353],{"className":25,"code":19352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[30,19354,19355,19385],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19356,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19358,18888],{"class":39},[33,19360,44],{"class":43},[33,19362,9326],{"class":129},[33,19364,310],{"class":47},[33,19366,17435],{"class":162},[33,19368,3162],{"class":47},[33,19370,80],{"class":79},[33,19372,2351],{"class":83},[33,19374,80],{"class":79},[33,19376,55],{"class":47},[33,19378,91],{"class":79},[33,19380,11898],{"class":83},[33,19382,80],{"class":79},[33,19384,4059],{"class":47},[33,19386,19387,19389,19391,19393],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19388,157],{"class":156},[33,19390,133],{"class":47},[33,19392,1634],{"class":162},[33,19394,143],{"class":47},[14,19396,207],{},[23,19398,19400],{"className":25,"code":19399,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[30,19401,19402],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19403,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19405,9432],{"class":47},[33,19407,236],{"class":79},[33,19409,2351],{"class":83},[33,19411,236],{"class":79},[33,19413,3061],{"class":47},[33,19415,4022],{"class":398},[33,19417,55],{"class":47},[33,19419,245],{"class":79},[33,19421,11898],{"class":83},[33,19423,236],{"class":79},[33,19425,3061],{"class":47},[33,19427,4022],{"class":398},[33,19429,9462],{"class":47},[14,19431,19432,19433,310],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[30,19434,3950],{},[18,19436,19438],{"id":19437},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19440,19441,19442,19444],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[30,19443,17370],{}," works.",[23,19446,19448],{"className":25,"code":19447,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[30,19449,19450],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19451,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19453,157],{"class":156},[33,19455,133],{"class":47},[33,19457,8977],{"class":129},[33,19459,310],{"class":47},[33,19461,17435],{"class":162},[33,19463,3162],{"class":47},[33,19465,80],{"class":79},[33,19467,273],{"class":83},[33,19469,80],{"class":79},[33,19471,55],{"class":47},[33,19473,91],{"class":79},[33,19475,282],{"class":83},[33,19477,80],{"class":79},[33,19479,18215],{"class":47},[33,19481,4004],{"class":51},[33,19483,733],{"class":47},[23,19485,19486],{"className":25,"code":19352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,19487,19488,19518],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19489,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19491,18888],{"class":39},[33,19493,44],{"class":43},[33,19495,9326],{"class":129},[33,19497,310],{"class":47},[33,19499,17435],{"class":162},[33,19501,3162],{"class":47},[33,19503,80],{"class":79},[33,19505,2351],{"class":83},[33,19507,80],{"class":79},[33,19509,55],{"class":47},[33,19511,91],{"class":79},[33,19513,11898],{"class":83},[33,19515,80],{"class":79},[33,19517,4059],{"class":47},[33,19519,19520,19522,19524,19526],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19521,157],{"class":156},[33,19523,133],{"class":47},[33,19525,1634],{"class":162},[33,19527,143],{"class":47},[23,19529,19530],{"className":25,"code":18881,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,19531,19532,19564,19586],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19533,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19535,18888],{"class":39},[33,19537,44],{"class":43},[33,19539,9326],{"class":129},[33,19541,310],{"class":47},[33,19543,17435],{"class":162},[33,19545,3162],{"class":47},[33,19547,80],{"class":79},[33,19549,273],{"class":83},[33,19551,80],{"class":79},[33,19553,55],{"class":47},[33,19555,91],{"class":79},[33,19557,282],{"class":83},[33,19559,80],{"class":79},[33,19561,18215],{"class":47},[33,19563,18149],{"class":47},[33,19565,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19567,1634],{"class":39},[33,19569,217],{"class":47},[33,19571,80],{"class":79},[33,19573,273],{"class":83},[33,19575,80],{"class":79},[33,19577,13704],{"class":47},[33,19579,780],{"class":162},[33,19581,133],{"class":47},[33,19583,52],{"class":51},[33,19585,143],{"class":47},[33,19587,19588,19590,19592,19594],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,19589,157],{"class":156},[33,19591,133],{"class":47},[33,19593,1634],{"class":162},[33,19595,143],{"class":47},[23,19597,19599],{"className":25,"code":19598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[30,19600,19601],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19602,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19604,157],{"class":156},[33,19606,133],{"class":47},[33,19608,1406],{"class":129},[33,19610,133],{"class":47},[33,19612,8977],{"class":129},[33,19614,310],{"class":47},[33,19616,17435],{"class":162},[33,19618,3162],{"class":47},[33,19620,52],{"class":51},[33,19622,55],{"class":47},[33,19624,58],{"class":51},[33,19626,55],{"class":47},[33,19628,63],{"class":51},[33,19630,18215],{"class":47},[33,19632,91],{"class":79},[33,19634,2647],{"class":83},[33,19636,80],{"class":79},[33,19638,1890],{"class":47},[18,19640,1961],{"id":1960},[664,19642,12857,19644,19646],{"id":19643},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[30,19645,17370],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19648,19649],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[664,19651,19653],{"id":19652},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19655,19656,19657,310],{},"Each key gets ",[30,19658,3950],{},[664,19660,19662],{"id":19661},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19664,19665],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[664,19667,19669],{"id":19668},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19671,18305],{},[23,19673,19675],{"className":25,"code":19674,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[30,19676,19677,19709],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19678,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19680,17394],{"class":39},[33,19682,44],{"class":43},[33,19684,48],{"class":47},[33,19686,80],{"class":79},[33,19688,273],{"class":83},[33,19690,80],{"class":79},[33,19692,55],{"class":47},[33,19694,91],{"class":79},[33,19696,282],{"class":83},[33,19698,80],{"class":79},[33,19700,55],{"class":47},[33,19702,91],{"class":79},[33,19704,291],{"class":83},[33,19706,80],{"class":79},[33,19708,66],{"class":47},[33,19710,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19712,1181],{"class":39},[33,19714,44],{"class":43},[33,19716,10644],{"class":47},[33,19718,14995],{"class":39},[33,19720,3061],{"class":47},[33,19722,18357],{"class":47},[33,19724,4047],{"class":4046},[33,19726,18362],{"class":39},[33,19728,4053],{"class":4046},[33,19730,18367],{"class":39},[33,19732,9462],{"class":47},[18,19734,2045],{"id":2044},[316,19736,19737,19741,19745,19749,19755],{},[319,19738,19739],{},[273,19740,11394],{"href":13179},[319,19742,19743],{},[273,19744,9312],{"href":13176},[319,19746,19747],{},[273,19748,11403],{"href":18056},[319,19750,19751],{},[273,19752,10891,19753,887],{"href":14186},[30,19754,15108],{},[319,19756,19757],{},[273,19758,10891,19759,887],{"href":15153},[30,19760,12930],{},[14,19762,672,19763,19765],{},[30,19764,17375],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2097,19767,19768],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":19770},[19771,19772,19774,19778,19779,19781,19786,19788,19795,19804,19805,19812],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":17475,"depth":69,"text":19773},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17519,"depth":69,"text":17520,"children":19775},[19776,19777],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":17570,"depth":110,"text":17571},{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":17731,"depth":69,"text":19780},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18060,"depth":69,"text":18061,"children":19782},[19783,19784,19785],{"id":18090,"depth":110,"text":18091},{"id":18253,"depth":110,"text":18254},{"id":18301,"depth":110,"text":18302},{"id":18465,"depth":69,"text":19787},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18623,"depth":69,"text":19789,"children":19790},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19791,19793,19794],{"id":18634,"depth":110,"text":19792},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18699,"depth":110,"text":18700},{"id":18773,"depth":110,"text":18774},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":19796},[19797,19798,19800,19802],{"id":18877,"depth":110,"text":18878},{"id":19059,"depth":110,"text":19799},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19193,"depth":110,"text":19801},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19346,"depth":110,"text":19803},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19437,"depth":69,"text":19438},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":19806},[19807,19809,19810,19811],{"id":19643,"depth":110,"text":19808},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19652,"depth":110,"text":19653},{"id":19661,"depth":110,"text":19662},{"id":19668,"depth":110,"text":19669},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17362,"description":19813},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19820,"title":19821,"body":19822,"description":21652,"extension":2138,"meta":21653,"navigation":149,"path":21654,"seo":21655,"stem":21656,"__hash__":21657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19823,"toc":21619},[19824,19829,19835,19846,19976,19983,19988,19992,20008,20010,20108,20111,20128,20132,20134,20139,20177,20180,20198,20200,20318,20323,20327,20343,20346,20482,20485,20490,20496,20499,20536,20539,20543,20548,20624,20628,20633,20715,20717,20733,20738,20742,20748,20817,20820,20837,20840,20922,20928,20931,20951,20955,20960,20966,20972,21043,21046,21052,21055,21129,21136,21142,21150,21160,21162,21257,21263,21268,21355,21361,21363,21368,21390,21393,21488,21491,21522,21535,21537,21545,21551,21557,21560,21566,21571,21578,21583,21585,21616],[10,19825,11470,19827,2059],{"id":19826},"python-dictionary-get-method",[30,19828,10894],{},[14,19830,19831,19832,19834],{},"The dictionary ",[30,19833,10894],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19836,19837,19838,1931,19841,2572,19843,19845],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[30,19839,19840],{},"KeyError",[30,19842,10894],{},[30,19844,3950],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[23,19847,19849],{"className":25,"code":19848,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[30,19850,19851,19887,19891,19917,19942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,19852,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,19854,13358],{"class":39},[33,19856,44],{"class":43},[33,19858,10644],{"class":47},[33,19860,80],{"class":79},[33,19862,7827],{"class":83},[33,19864,80],{"class":79},[33,19866,3061],{"class":47},[33,19868,91],{"class":79},[33,19870,84],{"class":83},[33,19872,80],{"class":79},[33,19874,55],{"class":47},[33,19876,91],{"class":79},[33,19878,9453],{"class":83},[33,19880,80],{"class":79},[33,19882,3061],{"class":47},[33,19884,1196],{"class":51},[33,19886,9462],{"class":47},[33,19888,19889],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,19890,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,19892,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,19894,157],{"class":156},[33,19896,133],{"class":47},[33,19898,17459],{"class":162},[33,19900,310],{"class":47},[33,19902,19903],{"class":162},"get",[33,19905,133],{"class":47},[33,19907,80],{"class":79},[33,19909,7827],{"class":83},[33,19911,80],{"class":79},[33,19913,5522],{"class":47},[33,19915,19916],{"class":1308},"           # Ana\n",[33,19918,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,19920,157],{"class":156},[33,19922,133],{"class":47},[33,19924,17459],{"class":162},[33,19926,310],{"class":47},[33,19928,19903],{"class":162},[33,19930,133],{"class":47},[33,19932,80],{"class":79},[33,19934,10562],{"class":83},[33,19936,80],{"class":79},[33,19938,5522],{"class":47},[33,19940,19941],{"class":1308},"           # None\n",[33,19943,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19969,19971,19973],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,19945,157],{"class":156},[33,19947,133],{"class":47},[33,19949,17459],{"class":162},[33,19951,310],{"class":47},[33,19953,19903],{"class":162},[33,19955,133],{"class":47},[33,19957,80],{"class":79},[33,19959,10562],{"class":83},[33,19961,80],{"class":79},[33,19963,55],{"class":47},[33,19965,91],{"class":79},[33,19967,19968],{"class":83},"N\u002FA",[33,19970,80],{"class":79},[33,19972,5522],{"class":47},[33,19974,19975],{"class":1308},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19977,672,19978,19980,19981,310],{},[30,19979,10894],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[30,19982,19840],{},[18,19984,3848,19986,3851],{"id":19985},"what-get-does",[30,19987,10894],{},[14,19989,2155,19990,11564],{},[30,19991,10894],{},[316,19993,19994,19997,20002,20005],{},[319,19995,19996],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[319,19998,11575,19999,20001],{},[30,20000,3950],{}," if the key does not exist",[319,20003,20004],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[319,20006,20007],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20009,367],{},[23,20011,20013],{"className":25,"code":20012,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[30,20014,20015,20054,20058,20083],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20016,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20036,20038,20040,20042,20045,20047,20049,20052],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20018,13017],{"class":39},[33,20020,44],{"class":43},[33,20022,10644],{"class":47},[33,20024,80],{"class":79},[33,20026,7827],{"class":83},[33,20028,80],{"class":79},[33,20030,3061],{"class":47},[33,20032,91],{"class":79},[33,20034,20035],{"class":83},"Lina",[33,20037,80],{"class":79},[33,20039,55],{"class":47},[33,20041,91],{"class":79},[33,20043,20044],{"class":83},"grade",[33,20046,80],{"class":79},[33,20048,3061],{"class":47},[33,20050,20051],{"class":51}," 90",[33,20053,9462],{"class":47},[33,20055,20056],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20057,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20059,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20061,157],{"class":156},[33,20063,133],{"class":47},[33,20065,13779],{"class":162},[33,20067,310],{"class":47},[33,20069,19903],{"class":162},[33,20071,133],{"class":47},[33,20073,80],{"class":79},[33,20075,7827],{"class":83},[33,20077,80],{"class":79},[33,20079,5522],{"class":47},[33,20081,20082],{"class":1308},"     # Lina\n",[33,20084,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20086,157],{"class":156},[33,20088,133],{"class":47},[33,20090,13779],{"class":162},[33,20092,310],{"class":47},[33,20094,19903],{"class":162},[33,20096,133],{"class":47},[33,20098,80],{"class":79},[33,20100,15411],{"class":83},[33,20102,80],{"class":79},[33,20104,5522],{"class":47},[33,20106,20107],{"class":1308},"    # None\n",[14,20109,20110],{},"In this example:",[316,20112,20113,20118],{},[319,20114,20115,20117],{},[30,20116,15392],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[319,20119,20120,20123,20124,2572,20126],{},[30,20121,20122],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[30,20125,10894],{},[30,20127,3950],{},[14,20129,13173,20130,310],{},[273,20131,9312],{"href":9311},[18,20133,2334],{"id":2333},[14,20135,20136,20137,3061],{},"There are two common forms of ",[30,20138,10894],{},[23,20140,20142],{"className":25,"code":20141,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[30,20143,20144,20158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20145,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20147,15756],{"class":39},[33,20149,310],{"class":47},[33,20151,19903],{"class":162},[33,20153,133],{"class":47},[33,20155,14995],{"class":162},[33,20157,143],{"class":47},[33,20159,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20175],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20161,15756],{"class":39},[33,20163,310],{"class":47},[33,20165,19903],{"class":162},[33,20167,133],{"class":47},[33,20169,14995],{"class":162},[33,20171,55],{"class":47},[33,20173,20174],{"class":162}," default_value",[33,20176,143],{"class":47},[14,20178,20179],{},"What each part means:",[316,20181,20182,20187,20193],{},[319,20183,20184,20186],{},[30,20185,14995],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[319,20188,20189,20192],{},[30,20190,20191],{},"default_value"," is optional",[319,20194,20195,20196],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[30,20197,3950],{},[14,20199,367],{},[23,20201,20203],{"className":25,"code":20202,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[30,20204,20205,20229,20233,20258,20284],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20206,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20208,13979],{"class":39},[33,20210,44],{"class":43},[33,20212,10644],{"class":47},[33,20214,80],{"class":79},[33,20216,12647],{"class":83},[33,20218,80],{"class":79},[33,20220,3061],{"class":47},[33,20222,91],{"class":79},[33,20224,12656],{"class":83},[33,20226,80],{"class":79},[33,20228,9462],{"class":47},[33,20230,20231],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20232,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20234,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20236,157],{"class":156},[33,20238,133],{"class":47},[33,20240,14038],{"class":162},[33,20242,310],{"class":47},[33,20244,19903],{"class":162},[33,20246,133],{"class":47},[33,20248,80],{"class":79},[33,20250,12647],{"class":83},[33,20252,80],{"class":79},[33,20254,5522],{"class":47},[33,20256,20257],{"class":1308},"            # dark\n",[33,20259,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20277,20279,20281],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20261,157],{"class":156},[33,20263,133],{"class":47},[33,20265,14038],{"class":162},[33,20267,310],{"class":47},[33,20269,19903],{"class":162},[33,20271,133],{"class":47},[33,20273,80],{"class":79},[33,20275,20276],{"class":83},"language",[33,20278,80],{"class":79},[33,20280,5522],{"class":47},[33,20282,20283],{"class":1308},"         # None\n",[33,20285,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20311,20313,20315],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,20287,157],{"class":156},[33,20289,133],{"class":47},[33,20291,14038],{"class":162},[33,20293,310],{"class":47},[33,20295,19903],{"class":162},[33,20297,133],{"class":47},[33,20299,80],{"class":79},[33,20301,20276],{"class":83},[33,20303,80],{"class":79},[33,20305,55],{"class":47},[33,20307,91],{"class":79},[33,20309,20310],{"class":83},"en",[33,20312,80],{"class":79},[33,20314,5522],{"class":47},[33,20316,20317],{"class":1308},"   # en\n",[18,20319,5127,20321],{"id":20320},"when-to-use-get",[30,20322,10894],{},[14,20324,672,20325,10755],{},[30,20326,10894],{},[316,20328,20329,20332,20337,20340],{},[319,20330,20331],{},"A key might not exist",[319,20333,20334,20335],{},"You want to avoid ",[30,20336,19840],{},[319,20338,20339],{},"You are reading optional data",[319,20341,20342],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20344,20345],{},"Example with optional user data:",[23,20347,20349],{"className":25,"code":20348,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[30,20350,20351,20393,20397,20422,20448],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20352,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20389,20391],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20354,11640],{"class":39},[33,20356,44],{"class":43},[33,20358,10644],{"class":47},[33,20360,80],{"class":79},[33,20362,8143],{"class":83},[33,20364,80],{"class":79},[33,20366,3061],{"class":47},[33,20368,91],{"class":79},[33,20370,20371],{"class":83},"sam",[33,20373,80],{"class":79},[33,20375,55],{"class":47},[33,20377,91],{"class":79},[33,20379,15411],{"class":83},[33,20381,80],{"class":79},[33,20383,3061],{"class":47},[33,20385,91],{"class":79},[33,20387,20388],{"class":83},"sam@example.com",[33,20390,80],{"class":79},[33,20392,9462],{"class":47},[33,20394,20395],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20396,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20398,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20400,157],{"class":156},[33,20402,133],{"class":47},[33,20404,11734],{"class":162},[33,20406,310],{"class":47},[33,20408,19903],{"class":162},[33,20410,133],{"class":47},[33,20412,80],{"class":79},[33,20414,8143],{"class":83},[33,20416,80],{"class":79},[33,20418,5522],{"class":47},[33,20420,20421],{"class":1308},"              # sam\n",[33,20423,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20441,20443,20445],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20425,157],{"class":156},[33,20427,133],{"class":47},[33,20429,11734],{"class":162},[33,20431,310],{"class":47},[33,20433,19903],{"class":162},[33,20435,133],{"class":47},[33,20437,80],{"class":79},[33,20439,20440],{"class":83},"phone",[33,20442,80],{"class":79},[33,20444,5522],{"class":47},[33,20446,20447],{"class":1308},"                 # None\n",[33,20449,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20475,20477,20479],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,20451,157],{"class":156},[33,20453,133],{"class":47},[33,20455,11734],{"class":162},[33,20457,310],{"class":47},[33,20459,19903],{"class":162},[33,20461,133],{"class":47},[33,20463,80],{"class":79},[33,20465,20440],{"class":83},[33,20467,80],{"class":79},[33,20469,55],{"class":47},[33,20471,91],{"class":79},[33,20473,20474],{"class":83},"Not provided",[33,20476,80],{"class":79},[33,20478,5522],{"class":47},[33,20480,20481],{"class":1308}," # Not provided\n",[14,20483,20484],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20486,20487,20488,310],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[273,20489,16750],{"href":16749},[18,20491,20493,20495],{"id":20492},"get-vs-square-brackets",[30,20494,10894],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20497,20498],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[23,20500,20502],{"className":25,"code":20501,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[30,20503,20504,20518],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20505,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20507,1230],{"class":39},[33,20509,217],{"class":47},[33,20511,80],{"class":79},[33,20513,14995],{"class":83},[33,20515,80],{"class":79},[33,20517,66],{"class":47},[33,20519,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20521,1230],{"class":39},[33,20523,310],{"class":47},[33,20525,19903],{"class":162},[33,20527,133],{"class":47},[33,20529,80],{"class":79},[33,20531,14995],{"class":83},[33,20533,80],{"class":79},[33,20535,143],{"class":47},[14,20537,20538],{},"The difference is important.",[664,20540,20542],{"id":20541},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20544,20545,20546,310],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[30,20547,19840],{},[23,20549,20551],{"className":25,"code":20550,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[30,20552,20553,20577,20581,20603],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20554,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20556,1181],{"class":39},[33,20558,44],{"class":43},[33,20560,10644],{"class":47},[33,20562,80],{"class":79},[33,20564,7827],{"class":83},[33,20566,80],{"class":79},[33,20568,3061],{"class":47},[33,20570,91],{"class":79},[33,20572,84],{"class":83},[33,20574,80],{"class":79},[33,20576,9462],{"class":47},[33,20578,20579],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20580,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20582,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20600],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20584,157],{"class":156},[33,20586,133],{"class":47},[33,20588,1230],{"class":162},[33,20590,217],{"class":47},[33,20592,80],{"class":79},[33,20594,7827],{"class":83},[33,20596,80],{"class":79},[33,20598,20599],{"class":47},"])",[33,20601,20602],{"class":1308},"   # Ana\n",[33,20604,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20606,157],{"class":156},[33,20608,133],{"class":47},[33,20610,1230],{"class":162},[33,20612,217],{"class":47},[33,20614,80],{"class":79},[33,20616,10562],{"class":83},[33,20618,80],{"class":79},[33,20620,20599],{"class":47},[33,20622,20623],{"class":1308},"   # KeyError\n",[664,20625,20626],{"id":19903},[30,20627,10894],{},[14,20629,20630,20632],{},[30,20631,10894],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[23,20634,20636],{"className":25,"code":20635,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[30,20637,20638,20662,20666,20690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20639,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20641,1181],{"class":39},[33,20643,44],{"class":43},[33,20645,10644],{"class":47},[33,20647,80],{"class":79},[33,20649,7827],{"class":83},[33,20651,80],{"class":79},[33,20653,3061],{"class":47},[33,20655,91],{"class":79},[33,20657,84],{"class":83},[33,20659,80],{"class":79},[33,20661,9462],{"class":47},[33,20663,20664],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20665,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20667,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20669,157],{"class":156},[33,20671,133],{"class":47},[33,20673,1230],{"class":162},[33,20675,310],{"class":47},[33,20677,19903],{"class":162},[33,20679,133],{"class":47},[33,20681,80],{"class":79},[33,20683,7827],{"class":83},[33,20685,80],{"class":79},[33,20687,5522],{"class":47},[33,20689,20602],{"class":1308},[33,20691,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20693,157],{"class":156},[33,20695,133],{"class":47},[33,20697,1230],{"class":162},[33,20699,310],{"class":47},[33,20701,19903],{"class":162},[33,20703,133],{"class":47},[33,20705,80],{"class":79},[33,20707,10562],{"class":83},[33,20709,80],{"class":79},[33,20711,5522],{"class":47},[33,20713,20714],{"class":1308},"   # None\n",[14,20716,18848],{},[316,20718,20719,20725],{},[319,20720,20721,20722],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[205,20723,20724],{},"must exist",[319,20726,20727,20729,20730],{},[30,20728,10894],{}," when the key is ",[205,20731,20732],{},"optional",[14,20734,20735,20736,310],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[273,20737,11414],{"href":11227},[18,20739,20741],{"id":20740},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20743,20744,20745,20747],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[30,20746,10894],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[23,20749,20751],{"className":25,"code":20750,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[30,20752,20753,20778,20782],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20754,20755,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20756,20757],{"class":39},"profile ",[33,20759,44],{"class":43},[33,20761,10644],{"class":47},[33,20763,80],{"class":79},[33,20765,7827],{"class":83},[33,20767,80],{"class":79},[33,20769,3061],{"class":47},[33,20771,91],{"class":79},[33,20773,8079],{"class":83},[33,20775,80],{"class":79},[33,20777,9462],{"class":47},[33,20779,20780],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20781,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20783,20784,20786,20788,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20810,20812,20814],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20785,157],{"class":156},[33,20787,133],{"class":47},[33,20789,20790],{"class":162},"profile",[33,20792,310],{"class":47},[33,20794,19903],{"class":162},[33,20796,133],{"class":47},[33,20798,80],{"class":79},[33,20800,15414],{"class":83},[33,20802,80],{"class":79},[33,20804,55],{"class":47},[33,20806,91],{"class":79},[33,20808,20809],{"class":83},"Unknown",[33,20811,80],{"class":79},[33,20813,5522],{"class":47},[33,20815,20816],{"class":1308},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20818,20819],{},"This is useful for display text:",[316,20821,20822,20827,20832],{},[319,20823,20824],{},[30,20825,20826],{},"\"Unknown\"",[319,20828,20829],{},[30,20830,20831],{},"\"Not set\"",[319,20833,20834],{},[30,20835,20836],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20838,20839],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[23,20841,20843],{"className":25,"code":20842,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[30,20844,20845,20877,20881,20908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20846,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20848,5228],{"class":39},[33,20850,44],{"class":43},[33,20852,10644],{"class":47},[33,20854,80],{"class":79},[33,20856,18570],{"class":83},[33,20858,80],{"class":79},[33,20860,3061],{"class":47},[33,20862,393],{"class":51},[33,20864,55],{"class":47},[33,20866,91],{"class":79},[33,20868,18579],{"class":83},[33,20870,80],{"class":79},[33,20872,3061],{"class":47},[33,20874,6519],{"class":51},[33,20876,9462],{"class":47},[33,20878,20879],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,20880,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,20882,20883,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,20884,20885],{"class":39},"total_history ",[33,20887,44],{"class":43},[33,20889,5275],{"class":39},[33,20891,310],{"class":47},[33,20893,19903],{"class":162},[33,20895,133],{"class":47},[33,20897,80],{"class":79},[33,20899,18588],{"class":83},[33,20901,80],{"class":79},[33,20903,55],{"class":47},[33,20905,4004],{"class":51},[33,20907,143],{"class":47},[33,20909,20910,20912,20914,20917,20919],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,20911,157],{"class":156},[33,20913,133],{"class":47},[33,20915,20916],{"class":162},"total_history",[33,20918,3831],{"class":47},[33,20920,20921],{"class":1308},"   # 0\n",[14,20923,20924,20925,20927],{},"Here, ",[30,20926,1114],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20929,20930],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[316,20932,20933,20936,20941,20946],{},[319,20934,20935],{},"Use a string for text",[319,20937,672,20938,20940],{},[30,20939,1114],{}," for numbers",[319,20942,672,20943,20945],{},[30,20944,301],{}," for lists if needed",[319,20947,672,20948,20950],{},[30,20949,3963],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[18,20952,20954],{"id":20953},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20956,20957,20958,310],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[30,20959,10894],{},[664,20961,20963,20965],{"id":20962},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[30,20964,10894],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20967,20968,20969,20971],{},"This code does ",[205,20970,4796],{}," create a new key:",[23,20973,20975],{"className":25,"code":20974,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[30,20976,20977,21001,21005,21030],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,20978,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,20980,13358],{"class":39},[33,20982,44],{"class":43},[33,20984,10644],{"class":47},[33,20986,80],{"class":79},[33,20988,7827],{"class":83},[33,20990,80],{"class":79},[33,20992,3061],{"class":47},[33,20994,91],{"class":79},[33,20996,84],{"class":83},[33,20998,80],{"class":79},[33,21000,9462],{"class":47},[33,21002,21003],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21004,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21006,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21008,157],{"class":156},[33,21010,133],{"class":47},[33,21012,17459],{"class":162},[33,21014,310],{"class":47},[33,21016,19903],{"class":162},[33,21018,133],{"class":47},[33,21020,80],{"class":79},[33,21022,10562],{"class":83},[33,21024,80],{"class":79},[33,21026,5522],{"class":47},[33,21028,21029],{"class":1308},"  # None\n",[33,21031,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21033,157],{"class":156},[33,21035,133],{"class":47},[33,21037,17459],{"class":162},[33,21039,3831],{"class":47},[33,21041,21042],{"class":1308},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21044,21045],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[664,21047,21049,21051],{"id":21048},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[30,21050,10894],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21053,21054],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[23,21056,21058],{"className":25,"code":21057,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[30,21059,21060,21086,21090,21116],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21061,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21073,21075,21077,21079,21082,21084],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21063,13979],{"class":39},[33,21065,44],{"class":43},[33,21067,10644],{"class":47},[33,21069,80],{"class":79},[33,21071,21072],{"class":83},"mode",[33,21074,80],{"class":79},[33,21076,3061],{"class":47},[33,21078,91],{"class":79},[33,21080,21081],{"class":83},"light",[33,21083,80],{"class":79},[33,21085,9462],{"class":47},[33,21087,21088],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21089,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21091,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21093,14038],{"class":39},[33,21095,310],{"class":47},[33,21097,19903],{"class":162},[33,21099,133],{"class":47},[33,21101,80],{"class":79},[33,21103,12647],{"class":83},[33,21105,80],{"class":79},[33,21107,55],{"class":47},[33,21109,91],{"class":79},[33,21111,12656],{"class":83},[33,21113,80],{"class":79},[33,21115,143],{"class":47},[33,21117,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21119,157],{"class":156},[33,21121,133],{"class":47},[33,21123,14038],{"class":162},[33,21125,3831],{"class":47},[33,21127,21128],{"class":1308},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21130,21131,21132,21135],{},"Even though ",[30,21133,21134],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[664,21137,21139,21140],{"id":21138},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[30,21141,3950],{},[14,21143,21144,21145,2572,21147,21149],{},"Sometimes ",[30,21146,10894],{},[30,21148,3950],{}," because:",[316,21151,21152,21155],{},[319,21153,21154],{},"The key is missing, or",[319,21156,21157,21158],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[30,21159,3950],{},[14,21161,367],{},[23,21163,21165],{"className":25,"code":21164,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[30,21166,21167,21204,21208,21232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21168,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21196,21198,21200,21202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21170,1181],{"class":39},[33,21172,44],{"class":43},[33,21174,10644],{"class":47},[33,21176,80],{"class":79},[33,21178,7827],{"class":83},[33,21180,80],{"class":79},[33,21182,3061],{"class":47},[33,21184,91],{"class":79},[33,21186,84],{"class":83},[33,21188,80],{"class":79},[33,21190,55],{"class":47},[33,21192,91],{"class":79},[33,21194,21195],{"class":83},"nickname",[33,21197,80],{"class":79},[33,21199,3061],{"class":47},[33,21201,4022],{"class":398},[33,21203,9462],{"class":47},[33,21205,21206],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21207,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21209,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21211,157],{"class":156},[33,21213,133],{"class":47},[33,21215,1230],{"class":162},[33,21217,310],{"class":47},[33,21219,19903],{"class":162},[33,21221,133],{"class":47},[33,21223,80],{"class":79},[33,21225,21195],{"class":83},[33,21227,80],{"class":79},[33,21229,5522],{"class":47},[33,21231,21029],{"class":1308},[33,21233,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21235,157],{"class":156},[33,21237,133],{"class":47},[33,21239,1230],{"class":162},[33,21241,310],{"class":47},[33,21243,19903],{"class":162},[33,21245,133],{"class":47},[33,21247,80],{"class":79},[33,21249,10562],{"class":83},[33,21251,80],{"class":79},[33,21253,5522],{"class":47},[33,21255,21256],{"class":1308},"      # None\n",[14,21258,21259,21260,21262],{},"Both lines print ",[30,21261,3950],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21264,21265,21266,3061],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[30,21267,4053],{},[23,21269,21271],{"className":25,"code":21270,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[30,21272,21273,21309,21313,21334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21274,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21276,1181],{"class":39},[33,21278,44],{"class":43},[33,21280,10644],{"class":47},[33,21282,80],{"class":79},[33,21284,7827],{"class":83},[33,21286,80],{"class":79},[33,21288,3061],{"class":47},[33,21290,91],{"class":79},[33,21292,84],{"class":83},[33,21294,80],{"class":79},[33,21296,55],{"class":47},[33,21298,91],{"class":79},[33,21300,21195],{"class":83},[33,21302,80],{"class":79},[33,21304,3061],{"class":47},[33,21306,4022],{"class":398},[33,21308,9462],{"class":47},[33,21310,21311],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21312,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21314,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21328,21330,21332],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21316,157],{"class":156},[33,21318,133],{"class":47},[33,21320,80],{"class":79},[33,21322,21195],{"class":83},[33,21324,80],{"class":79},[33,21326,21327],{"class":4046}," in",[33,21329,14720],{"class":162},[33,21331,3831],{"class":47},[33,21333,3834],{"class":1308},[33,21335,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21337,157],{"class":156},[33,21339,133],{"class":47},[33,21341,80],{"class":79},[33,21343,10562],{"class":83},[33,21345,80],{"class":79},[33,21347,21327],{"class":4046},[33,21349,14720],{"class":162},[33,21351,3831],{"class":47},[33,21353,21354],{"class":1308},"      # False\n",[14,21356,21357,21358,310],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[273,21359,21360],{"href":17305},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[18,21362,3006],{"id":3005},[14,21364,21365,21366,3061],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[30,21367,10894],{},[316,21369,21370,21375,21382,21387],{},[319,21371,21372,21373],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[30,21374,19840],{},[319,21376,4870,21377,2572,21379,21381],{},[30,21378,10894],{},[30,21380,3950],{}," if no default is provided",[319,21383,4744,21384,21386],{},[30,21385,10894],{}," creates a key automatically",[319,21388,21389],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21391,21392],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[23,21394,21396],{"className":25,"code":21395,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[30,21397,21398,21408,21422,21440,21462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21399,21400,21402,21404,21406],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21401,157],{"class":156},[33,21403,133],{"class":47},[33,21405,11601],{"class":162},[33,21407,143],{"class":47},[33,21409,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21411,157],{"class":156},[33,21413,133],{"class":47},[33,21415,11601],{"class":162},[33,21417,310],{"class":47},[33,21419,17076],{"class":162},[33,21421,7353],{"class":47},[33,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21425,157],{"class":156},[33,21427,133],{"class":47},[33,21429,236],{"class":79},[33,21431,7827],{"class":83},[33,21433,236],{"class":79},[33,21435,21327],{"class":4046},[33,21437,11919],{"class":162},[33,21439,143],{"class":47},[33,21441,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21443,157],{"class":156},[33,21445,133],{"class":47},[33,21447,11601],{"class":162},[33,21449,310],{"class":47},[33,21451,19903],{"class":162},[33,21453,133],{"class":47},[33,21455,236],{"class":79},[33,21457,7827],{"class":83},[33,21459,236],{"class":79},[33,21461,733],{"class":47},[33,21463,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,21465,157],{"class":156},[33,21467,133],{"class":47},[33,21469,1406],{"class":129},[33,21471,133],{"class":47},[33,21473,11601],{"class":162},[33,21475,310],{"class":47},[33,21477,19903],{"class":162},[33,21479,133],{"class":47},[33,21481,236],{"class":79},[33,21483,7827],{"class":83},[33,21485,236],{"class":79},[33,21487,1890],{"class":47},[14,21489,21490],{},"What these checks tell you:",[316,21492,21493,21498,21504,21510,21516],{},[319,21494,21495,21497],{},[30,21496,12832],{}," shows the full dictionary",[319,21499,21500,21503],{},[30,21501,21502],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[319,21505,21506,21509],{},[30,21507,21508],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[319,21511,21512,21515],{},[30,21513,21514],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[319,21517,21518,21521],{},[30,21519,21520],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21523,21524,21525,2030,21530,21534],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[273,21526,21527,21528,887],{"href":17215},"the dictionary ",[30,21529,17218],{},[273,21531,21527,21532,887],{"href":17227},[30,21533,17230],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[18,21536,1961],{"id":1960},[664,21538,12857,21540,21542,21543,2033],{"id":21539},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[30,21541,10894],{}," raise ",[30,21544,19840],{},[14,21546,21547,21548,21550],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[30,21549,3950],{}," or the default value you provide.",[664,21552,12857,21554,21556],{"id":21553},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[30,21555,10894],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21558,21559],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[664,21561,21563,21564,2033],{"id":21562},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[30,21565,10894],{},[14,21567,21568,21570],{},[30,21569,3950],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[664,21572,21574,21575,21577],{"id":21573},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[30,21576,10894],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21579,672,21580,21582],{},[30,21581,10894],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[18,21584,2045],{"id":2044},[316,21586,21587,21591,21597,21603,21607,21612],{},[319,21588,21589],{},[273,21590,9312],{"href":9311},[319,21592,21593],{},[273,21594,10891,21595,887],{"href":17215},[30,21596,17218],{},[319,21598,21599],{},[273,21600,10891,21601,887],{"href":17227},[30,21602,17230],{},[319,21604,21605],{},[273,21606,17306],{"href":17305},[319,21608,21609],{},[273,21610,21611],{"href":16749},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[319,21613,21614],{},[273,21615,11414],{"href":11227},[2097,21617,21618],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21629,21630],{"id":20541,"depth":110,"text":20542},{"id":19903,"depth":110,"text":10894},{"id":20740,"depth":69,"text":20741},{"id":20953,"depth":69,"text":20954,"children":21633},[21634,21636,21638],{"id":20962,"depth":110,"text":21635},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21048,"depth":110,"text":21637},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21138,"depth":110,"text":21639},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":21642},[21643,21645,21647,21649],{"id":21539,"depth":110,"text":21644},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21553,"depth":110,"text":21646},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21562,"depth":110,"text":21648},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21573,"depth":110,"text":21650},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19821,"description":21652},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21659,"title":21660,"body":21661,"description":24217,"extension":2138,"meta":24218,"navigation":149,"path":24219,"seo":24220,"stem":24221,"__hash__":24222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21662,"toc":24183},[21663,21668,21674,21680,21682,21764,21768,21785,21790,21795,21800,21802,21816,21818,21881,21885,21925,21933,21935,21937,21952,21955,21968,21970,22049,22053,22119,22121,22125,22133,22135,22146,22148,22258,22262,22341,22347,22353,22358,22471,22475,22507,22510,22617,22623,22630,22634,22637,22739,22743,22804,22807,22810,22821,22830,22833,22850,22852,22951,22955,23030,23033,23056,23061,23066,23083,23085,23206,23210,23244,23246,23251,23258,23268,23270,23348,23351,23422,23432,23435,23467,23470,23509,23515,23522,23525,23616,23620,23701,23707,23710,23713,23818,23821,23824,23946,23950,23953,24020,24024,24061,24067,24069,24075,24080,24086,24093,24099,24102,24141,24147,24150,24152,24180],[10,21664,11470,21666,2059],{"id":21665},"python-dictionary-items-method",[30,21667,17230],{},[14,21669,2155,21670,21673],{},[30,21671,21672],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21675,21676,21677,21679],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[30,21678,17230],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[18,21681,2180],{"id":2179},[23,21683,21685],{"className":25,"code":21684,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[30,21686,21687,21723,21727,21750],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21688,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21690,13358],{"class":39},[33,21692,44],{"class":43},[33,21694,10644],{"class":47},[33,21696,80],{"class":79},[33,21698,7827],{"class":83},[33,21700,80],{"class":79},[33,21702,3061],{"class":47},[33,21704,91],{"class":79},[33,21706,84],{"class":83},[33,21708,80],{"class":79},[33,21710,55],{"class":47},[33,21712,91],{"class":79},[33,21714,9453],{"class":83},[33,21716,80],{"class":79},[33,21718,3061],{"class":47},[33,21720,1196],{"class":51},[33,21722,9462],{"class":47},[33,21724,21725],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21726,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21728,21729,21731,21734,21736,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21730,6117],{"class":4046},[33,21732,21733],{"class":39}," key",[33,21735,55],{"class":47},[33,21737,21738],{"class":39}," value ",[33,21740,4053],{"class":4046},[33,21742,13401],{"class":39},[33,21744,310],{"class":47},[33,21746,414],{"class":162},[33,21748,21749],{"class":47},"():\n",[33,21751,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,21753,8227],{"class":156},[33,21755,133],{"class":47},[33,21757,14995],{"class":162},[33,21759,55],{"class":47},[33,21761,8589],{"class":162},[33,21763,143],{"class":47},[14,21765,21766],{},[205,21767,207],{},[23,21769,21771],{"className":25,"code":21770,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[30,21772,21773,21778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21774,21775],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21776,21777],{"class":39},"name Ana\n",[33,21779,21780,21783],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21781,21782],{"class":39},"age ",[33,21784,2884],{"class":51},[14,21786,672,21787,21789],{},[30,21788,17230],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[18,21791,3848,21793,3851],{"id":21792},"what-items-does",[30,21794,17230],{},[14,21796,21797,21799],{},[30,21798,17230],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21801,11610],{},[316,21803,21804,21810,21813],{},[319,21805,21806,21807],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[30,21808,21809],{},"(key, value)",[319,21811,21812],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[319,21814,21815],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21817,367],{},[23,21819,21821],{"className":25,"code":21820,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[30,21822,21823,21859,21863],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21824,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21826,13358],{"class":39},[33,21828,44],{"class":43},[33,21830,10644],{"class":47},[33,21832,80],{"class":79},[33,21834,7827],{"class":83},[33,21836,80],{"class":79},[33,21838,3061],{"class":47},[33,21840,91],{"class":79},[33,21842,84],{"class":83},[33,21844,80],{"class":79},[33,21846,55],{"class":47},[33,21848,91],{"class":79},[33,21850,9453],{"class":83},[33,21852,80],{"class":79},[33,21854,3061],{"class":47},[33,21856,1196],{"class":51},[33,21858,9462],{"class":47},[33,21860,21861],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,21862,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,21864,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,21866,157],{"class":156},[33,21868,133],{"class":47},[33,21870,1879],{"class":129},[33,21872,133],{"class":47},[33,21874,17459],{"class":162},[33,21876,310],{"class":47},[33,21878,414],{"class":162},[33,21880,6449],{"class":47},[14,21882,21883],{},[205,21884,207],{},[23,21886,21888],{"className":25,"code":21887,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[30,21889,21890],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21891,21892,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21893,21894],{"class":47},"[(",[33,21896,236],{"class":79},[33,21898,7827],{"class":83},[33,21900,236],{"class":79},[33,21902,55],{"class":47},[33,21904,245],{"class":79},[33,21906,84],{"class":83},[33,21908,236],{"class":79},[33,21910,9388],{"class":47},[33,21912,1381],{"class":47},[33,21914,236],{"class":79},[33,21916,9453],{"class":83},[33,21918,236],{"class":79},[33,21920,55],{"class":47},[33,21922,1196],{"class":51},[33,21924,9403],{"class":47},[14,21926,21927,21928,453,21930,310],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[273,21929,9312],{"href":13176},[273,21931,15179],{"href":21932},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[18,21934,2334],{"id":2333},[14,21936,5595],{},[23,21938,21940],{"className":25,"code":21939,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict.items()\n",[30,21941,21942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21943,21944,21946,21948,21950],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21945,11601],{"class":39},[33,21947,310],{"class":47},[33,21949,414],{"class":162},[33,21951,1671],{"class":47},[14,21953,21954],{},"Things to remember:",[316,21956,21957,21962,21965],{},[319,21958,21959,21961],{},[30,21960,17230],{}," does not take any arguments",[319,21963,21964],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[319,21966,21967],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21969,367],{},[23,21971,21973],{"className":25,"code":21972,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[30,21974,21975,22007,22011,22025,22029,22039],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,21976,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,21978,5228],{"class":39},[33,21980,44],{"class":43},[33,21982,10644],{"class":47},[33,21984,80],{"class":79},[33,21986,5169],{"class":83},[33,21988,80],{"class":79},[33,21990,3061],{"class":47},[33,21992,20051],{"class":51},[33,21994,55],{"class":47},[33,21996,91],{"class":79},[33,21998,5178],{"class":83},[33,22000,80],{"class":79},[33,22002,3061],{"class":47},[33,22004,13661],{"class":51},[33,22006,9462],{"class":47},[33,22008,22009],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22010,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22012,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22014,1506],{"class":39},[33,22016,44],{"class":43},[33,22018,5275],{"class":39},[33,22020,310],{"class":47},[33,22022,414],{"class":162},[33,22024,1671],{"class":47},[33,22026,22027],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22028,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22030,22031,22033,22035,22037],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,22032,157],{"class":156},[33,22034,133],{"class":47},[33,22036,1530],{"class":162},[33,22038,143],{"class":47},[33,22040,22041,22043,22045,22047],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,22042,157],{"class":156},[33,22044,133],{"class":47},[33,22046,16541],{"class":162},[33,22048,143],{"class":47},[14,22050,22051],{},[205,22052,207],{},[23,22054,22056],{"className":25,"code":22055,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[30,22057,22058,22091],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22059,22060,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22061,22062],{"class":162},"dict_items",[33,22064,9811],{"class":47},[33,22066,236],{"class":79},[33,22068,5169],{"class":83},[33,22070,236],{"class":79},[33,22072,55],{"class":47},[33,22074,20051],{"class":51},[33,22076,9388],{"class":47},[33,22078,1381],{"class":47},[33,22080,236],{"class":79},[33,22082,5178],{"class":83},[33,22084,236],{"class":79},[33,22086,55],{"class":47},[33,22088,13661],{"class":51},[33,22090,10833],{"class":47},[33,22092,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22094,9432],{"class":47},[33,22096,236],{"class":79},[33,22098,5169],{"class":83},[33,22100,236],{"class":79},[33,22102,3061],{"class":47},[33,22104,20051],{"class":51},[33,22106,55],{"class":47},[33,22108,245],{"class":79},[33,22110,5178],{"class":83},[33,22112,236],{"class":79},[33,22114,3061],{"class":47},[33,22116,13661],{"class":51},[33,22118,9462],{"class":47},[14,22120,21045],{},[18,22122,22124],{"id":22123},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22126,22127,22129,22130,22132],{},[30,22128,17230],{}," returns a ",[30,22131,22062],{}," view object.",[14,22134,2284],{},[316,22136,22137,22140,22143],{},[319,22138,22139],{},"You can loop over it",[319,22141,22142],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[319,22144,22145],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22147,367],{},[23,22149,22151],{"className":25,"code":22150,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[30,22152,22153,22185,22199,22203,22217,22221,22240,22244],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22154,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22156,1181],{"class":39},[33,22158,44],{"class":43},[33,22160,10644],{"class":47},[33,22162,80],{"class":79},[33,22164,2351],{"class":83},[33,22166,80],{"class":79},[33,22168,3061],{"class":47},[33,22170,1119],{"class":51},[33,22172,55],{"class":47},[33,22174,91],{"class":79},[33,22176,11898],{"class":83},[33,22178,80],{"class":79},[33,22180,3061],{"class":47},[33,22182,58],{"class":51},[33,22184,9462],{"class":47},[33,22186,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22188,9370],{"class":39},[33,22190,44],{"class":43},[33,22192,14720],{"class":39},[33,22194,310],{"class":47},[33,22196,414],{"class":162},[33,22198,1671],{"class":47},[33,22200,22201],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22202,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22204,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22206,157],{"class":156},[33,22208,133],{"class":47},[33,22210,1879],{"class":129},[33,22212,133],{"class":47},[33,22214,9416],{"class":162},[33,22216,733],{"class":47},[33,22218,22219],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,22220,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22222,22223,22225,22227,22229,22232,22234,22236,22238],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,22224,1230],{"class":39},[33,22226,217],{"class":47},[33,22228,80],{"class":79},[33,22230,22231],{"class":83},"z",[33,22233,80],{"class":79},[33,22235,13427],{"class":47},[33,22237,13430],{"class":43},[33,22239,2752],{"class":51},[33,22241,22242],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,22243,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22245,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,22247,157],{"class":156},[33,22249,133],{"class":47},[33,22251,1879],{"class":129},[33,22253,133],{"class":47},[33,22255,9416],{"class":162},[33,22257,733],{"class":47},[14,22259,22260],{},[205,22261,207],{},[23,22263,22265],{"className":25,"code":22264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[30,22266,22267,22297],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22268,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22270,21894],{"class":47},[33,22272,236],{"class":79},[33,22274,2351],{"class":83},[33,22276,236],{"class":79},[33,22278,55],{"class":47},[33,22280,1119],{"class":51},[33,22282,9388],{"class":47},[33,22284,1381],{"class":47},[33,22286,236],{"class":79},[33,22288,11898],{"class":83},[33,22290,236],{"class":79},[33,22292,55],{"class":47},[33,22294,58],{"class":51},[33,22296,9403],{"class":47},[33,22298,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22300,21894],{"class":47},[33,22302,236],{"class":79},[33,22304,2351],{"class":83},[33,22306,236],{"class":79},[33,22308,55],{"class":47},[33,22310,1119],{"class":51},[33,22312,9388],{"class":47},[33,22314,1381],{"class":47},[33,22316,236],{"class":79},[33,22318,11898],{"class":83},[33,22320,236],{"class":79},[33,22322,55],{"class":47},[33,22324,58],{"class":51},[33,22326,9388],{"class":47},[33,22328,1381],{"class":47},[33,22330,236],{"class":79},[33,22332,22231],{"class":83},[33,22334,236],{"class":79},[33,22336,55],{"class":47},[33,22338,63],{"class":51},[33,22340,9403],{"class":47},[14,22342,22343,22344,22346],{},"This happens because ",[30,22345,9416],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[18,22348,22350,22351],{"id":22349},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[30,22352,17230],{},[14,22354,22355,22356,3061],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[30,22357,17230],{},[23,22359,22361],{"className":25,"code":22360,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[30,22362,22363,22416,22420,22440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22364,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22366,13017],{"class":39},[33,22368,44],{"class":43},[33,22370,10644],{"class":47},[33,22372,80],{"class":79},[33,22374,7827],{"class":83},[33,22376,80],{"class":79},[33,22378,3061],{"class":47},[33,22380,91],{"class":79},[33,22382,8079],{"class":83},[33,22384,80],{"class":79},[33,22386,55],{"class":47},[33,22388,91],{"class":79},[33,22390,20044],{"class":83},[33,22392,80],{"class":79},[33,22394,3061],{"class":47},[33,22396,91],{"class":79},[33,22398,22399],{"class":83},"A",[33,22401,80],{"class":79},[33,22403,55],{"class":47},[33,22405,91],{"class":79},[33,22407,9453],{"class":83},[33,22409,80],{"class":79},[33,22411,3061],{"class":47},[33,22413,14011],{"class":51},[33,22415,9462],{"class":47},[33,22417,22418],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22419,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22421,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22423,6117],{"class":4046},[33,22425,21733],{"class":39},[33,22427,55],{"class":47},[33,22429,21738],{"class":39},[33,22431,4053],{"class":4046},[33,22433,13059],{"class":39},[33,22435,310],{"class":47},[33,22437,414],{"class":162},[33,22439,21749],{"class":47},[33,22441,22442,22444,22446,22449,22451,22453,22455,22458,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22443,8227],{"class":156},[33,22445,133],{"class":47},[33,22447,22448],{"class":1430},"f",[33,22450,80],{"class":83},[33,22452,9432],{"class":51},[33,22454,14995],{"class":162},[33,22456,22457],{"class":51},"}",[33,22459,22460],{"class":83},": ",[33,22462,9432],{"class":51},[33,22464,2647],{"class":162},[33,22466,22457],{"class":51},[33,22468,80],{"class":83},[33,22470,143],{"class":47},[14,22472,22473],{},[205,22474,207],{},[23,22476,22478],{"className":25,"code":22477,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[30,22479,22480,22489,22498],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22481,22482,22484,22486],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22483,7827],{"class":39},[33,22485,3061],{"class":47},[33,22487,22488],{"class":39}," Mia\n",[33,22490,22491,22493,22495],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22492,20044],{"class":39},[33,22494,3061],{"class":47},[33,22496,22497],{"class":39}," A\n",[33,22499,22500,22502,22504],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22501,9453],{"class":39},[33,22503,3061],{"class":47},[33,22505,22506],{"class":51}," 14\n",[14,22508,22509],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[23,22511,22513],{"className":25,"code":22512,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[30,22514,22515,22567,22571,22583],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22516,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531,22533,22535,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22518,13017],{"class":39},[33,22520,44],{"class":43},[33,22522,10644],{"class":47},[33,22524,80],{"class":79},[33,22526,7827],{"class":83},[33,22528,80],{"class":79},[33,22530,3061],{"class":47},[33,22532,91],{"class":79},[33,22534,8079],{"class":83},[33,22536,80],{"class":79},[33,22538,55],{"class":47},[33,22540,91],{"class":79},[33,22542,20044],{"class":83},[33,22544,80],{"class":79},[33,22546,3061],{"class":47},[33,22548,91],{"class":79},[33,22550,22399],{"class":83},[33,22552,80],{"class":79},[33,22554,55],{"class":47},[33,22556,91],{"class":79},[33,22558,9453],{"class":83},[33,22560,80],{"class":79},[33,22562,3061],{"class":47},[33,22564,14011],{"class":51},[33,22566,9462],{"class":47},[33,22568,22569],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22570,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22572,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22574,6117],{"class":4046},[33,22576,18362],{"class":39},[33,22578,4053],{"class":4046},[33,22580,13059],{"class":39},[33,22582,6553],{"class":47},[33,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22586,8227],{"class":156},[33,22588,133],{"class":47},[33,22590,22448],{"class":1430},[33,22592,80],{"class":83},[33,22594,9432],{"class":51},[33,22596,14995],{"class":162},[33,22598,22457],{"class":51},[33,22600,22460],{"class":83},[33,22602,9432],{"class":51},[33,22604,13779],{"class":162},[33,22606,217],{"class":47},[33,22608,14995],{"class":162},[33,22610,13427],{"class":47},[33,22612,22457],{"class":51},[33,22614,80],{"class":83},[33,22616,143],{"class":47},[14,22618,6668,22619,22622],{},[30,22620,22621],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22624,22625,22626,310],{},"For a full guide, see ",[273,22627,22629],{"href":22628},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[18,22631,22633],{"id":22632},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22635,22636],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[23,22638,22640],{"className":25,"code":22639,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[30,22641,22642,22701,22705,22724,22728],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22643,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22679,22681,22683,22685,22688,22690,22692,22694,22697,22699],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22645,13229],{"class":39},[33,22647,44],{"class":43},[33,22649,10644],{"class":47},[33,22651,80],{"class":79},[33,22653,386],{"class":83},[33,22655,80],{"class":79},[33,22657,3061],{"class":47},[33,22659,91],{"class":79},[33,22661,13246],{"class":83},[33,22663,80],{"class":79},[33,22665,55],{"class":47},[33,22667,91],{"class":79},[33,22669,4255],{"class":83},[33,22671,80],{"class":79},[33,22673,3061],{"class":47},[33,22675,91],{"class":79},[33,22677,22678],{"class":83},"yellow",[33,22680,80],{"class":79},[33,22682,55],{"class":47},[33,22684,91],{"class":79},[33,22686,22687],{"class":83},"grape",[33,22689,80],{"class":79},[33,22691,3061],{"class":47},[33,22693,91],{"class":79},[33,22695,22696],{"class":83},"purple",[33,22698,80],{"class":79},[33,22700,9462],{"class":47},[33,22702,22703],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22704,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22706,22707,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22708,22709],{"class":39},"pairs_list ",[33,22711,44],{"class":43},[33,22713,130],{"class":129},[33,22715,133],{"class":47},[33,22717,17655],{"class":162},[33,22719,310],{"class":47},[33,22721,414],{"class":162},[33,22723,7353],{"class":47},[33,22725,22726],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22727,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22729,22730,22732,22734,22737],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,22731,157],{"class":156},[33,22733,133],{"class":47},[33,22735,22736],{"class":162},"pairs_list",[33,22738,143],{"class":47},[14,22740,22741],{},[205,22742,207],{},[23,22744,22746],{"className":25,"code":22745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[30,22747,22748],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22749,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22751,21894],{"class":47},[33,22753,236],{"class":79},[33,22755,386],{"class":83},[33,22757,236],{"class":79},[33,22759,55],{"class":47},[33,22761,245],{"class":79},[33,22763,13246],{"class":83},[33,22765,236],{"class":79},[33,22767,9388],{"class":47},[33,22769,1381],{"class":47},[33,22771,236],{"class":79},[33,22773,4255],{"class":83},[33,22775,236],{"class":79},[33,22777,55],{"class":47},[33,22779,245],{"class":79},[33,22781,22678],{"class":83},[33,22783,236],{"class":79},[33,22785,9388],{"class":47},[33,22787,1381],{"class":47},[33,22789,236],{"class":79},[33,22791,22687],{"class":83},[33,22793,236],{"class":79},[33,22795,55],{"class":47},[33,22797,245],{"class":79},[33,22799,22696],{"class":83},[33,22801,236],{"class":79},[33,22803,9403],{"class":47},[14,22805,22806],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22808,22809],{},"Use this when:",[316,22811,22812,22815,22818],{},[319,22813,22814],{},"You want clearer printed output",[319,22816,22817],{},"You need list behavior",[319,22819,22820],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[18,22822,22824,10739,22826,10739,22828],{"id":22823},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[30,22825,17230],{},[30,22827,17218],{},[30,22829,17224],{},[14,22831,22832],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[316,22834,22835,22840,22845],{},[319,22836,22837,22839],{},[30,22838,17230],{}," gives both key and value",[319,22841,22842,22844],{},[30,22843,17218],{}," gives only keys",[319,22846,22847,22849],{},[30,22848,17224],{}," gives only values",[14,22851,367],{},[23,22853,22855],{"className":25,"code":22854,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[30,22856,22857,22893,22897,22915,22933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22858,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22860,13358],{"class":39},[33,22862,44],{"class":43},[33,22864,10644],{"class":47},[33,22866,80],{"class":79},[33,22868,7827],{"class":83},[33,22870,80],{"class":79},[33,22872,3061],{"class":47},[33,22874,91],{"class":79},[33,22876,84],{"class":83},[33,22878,80],{"class":79},[33,22880,55],{"class":47},[33,22882,91],{"class":79},[33,22884,9453],{"class":83},[33,22886,80],{"class":79},[33,22888,3061],{"class":47},[33,22890,1196],{"class":51},[33,22892,9462],{"class":47},[33,22894,22895],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22896,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22900,157],{"class":156},[33,22902,133],{"class":47},[33,22904,1879],{"class":129},[33,22906,133],{"class":47},[33,22908,17459],{"class":162},[33,22910,310],{"class":47},[33,22912,17076],{"class":162},[33,22914,6449],{"class":47},[33,22916,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,22918,157],{"class":156},[33,22920,133],{"class":47},[33,22922,1879],{"class":129},[33,22924,133],{"class":47},[33,22926,17459],{"class":162},[33,22928,310],{"class":47},[33,22930,1096],{"class":162},[33,22932,6449],{"class":47},[33,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,22936,157],{"class":156},[33,22938,133],{"class":47},[33,22940,1879],{"class":129},[33,22942,133],{"class":47},[33,22944,17459],{"class":162},[33,22946,310],{"class":47},[33,22948,414],{"class":162},[33,22950,6449],{"class":47},[14,22952,22953],{},[205,22954,207],{},[23,22956,22958],{"className":25,"code":22957,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[30,22959,22960,22980,22996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,22961,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,22963,217],{"class":47},[33,22965,236],{"class":79},[33,22967,7827],{"class":83},[33,22969,236],{"class":79},[33,22971,55],{"class":47},[33,22973,245],{"class":79},[33,22975,9453],{"class":83},[33,22977,236],{"class":79},[33,22979,66],{"class":47},[33,22981,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,22983,217],{"class":47},[33,22985,236],{"class":79},[33,22987,84],{"class":83},[33,22989,236],{"class":79},[33,22991,55],{"class":47},[33,22993,1196],{"class":51},[33,22995,66],{"class":47},[33,22997,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,22999,21894],{"class":47},[33,23001,236],{"class":79},[33,23003,7827],{"class":83},[33,23005,236],{"class":79},[33,23007,55],{"class":47},[33,23009,245],{"class":79},[33,23011,84],{"class":83},[33,23013,236],{"class":79},[33,23015,9388],{"class":47},[33,23017,1381],{"class":47},[33,23019,236],{"class":79},[33,23021,9453],{"class":83},[33,23023,236],{"class":79},[33,23025,55],{"class":47},[33,23027,1196],{"class":51},[33,23029,9403],{"class":47},[14,23031,23032],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[316,23034,23035,23043,23051],{},[319,23036,23037,23038],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[273,23039,23041],{"href":23040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[30,23042,17218],{},[319,23044,23045,23046],{},"Need just values? Use ",[273,23047,23049],{"href":23048},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[30,23050,17224],{},[319,23052,23053,23054],{},"Need both together? Use ",[30,23055,17230],{},[18,23057,5127,23059],{"id":23058},"when-to-use-items",[30,23060,17230],{},[14,23062,23063,23065],{},[30,23064,17230],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[316,23067,23068,23071,23074,23077,23080],{},[319,23069,23070],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[319,23072,23073],{},"Building formatted output",[319,23075,23076],{},"Looping through settings and values",[319,23078,23079],{},"Showing names with scores",[319,23081,23082],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23084,367],{},[23,23086,23088],{"className":25,"code":23087,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[30,23089,23090,23098,23116,23135,23147,23151,23155,23176],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23091,23092,23094,23096],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23093,13979],{"class":39},[33,23095,44],{"class":43},[33,23097,11645],{"class":47},[33,23099,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23101,11650],{"class":79},[33,23103,12647],{"class":83},[33,23105,80],{"class":79},[33,23107,3061],{"class":47},[33,23109,91],{"class":79},[33,23111,12656],{"class":83},[33,23113,80],{"class":79},[33,23115,11666],{"class":47},[33,23117,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23131,23133],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23119,11650],{"class":79},[33,23121,20276],{"class":83},[33,23123,80],{"class":79},[33,23125,3061],{"class":47},[33,23127,91],{"class":79},[33,23129,23130],{"class":83},"English",[33,23132,80],{"class":79},[33,23134,11666],{"class":47},[33,23136,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23138,11650],{"class":79},[33,23140,18678],{"class":83},[33,23142,80],{"class":79},[33,23144,3061],{"class":47},[33,23146,6582],{"class":398},[33,23148,23149],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,23150,9462],{"class":47},[33,23152,23153],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,23154,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23156,23157,23159,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,23158,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23160,23161],{"class":39}," setting",[33,23163,55],{"class":47},[33,23165,21738],{"class":39},[33,23167,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23169,14023],{"class":39},[33,23171,310],{"class":47},[33,23173,414],{"class":162},[33,23175,21749],{"class":47},[33,23177,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23191,23193,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,23179,8227],{"class":156},[33,23181,133],{"class":47},[33,23183,22448],{"class":1430},[33,23185,80],{"class":83},[33,23187,9432],{"class":51},[33,23189,23190],{"class":162},"setting",[33,23192,22457],{"class":51},[33,23194,23195],{"class":83}," = ",[33,23197,9432],{"class":51},[33,23199,2647],{"class":162},[33,23201,22457],{"class":51},[33,23203,80],{"class":83},[33,23205,143],{"class":47},[14,23207,23208],{},[205,23209,207],{},[23,23211,23213],{"className":25,"code":23212,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[30,23214,23215,23225,23235],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23216,23217,23220,23222],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23218,23219],{"class":39},"theme ",[33,23221,44],{"class":43},[33,23223,23224],{"class":39}," dark\n",[33,23226,23227,23230,23232],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23228,23229],{"class":39},"language ",[33,23231,44],{"class":43},[33,23233,23234],{"class":39}," English\n",[33,23236,23237,23240,23242],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23238,23239],{"class":39},"notifications ",[33,23241,44],{"class":43},[33,23243,6582],{"class":398},[18,23245,3006],{"id":3005},[14,23247,23248,23249,310],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[30,23250,17230],{},[664,23252,23254,23255,23257],{"id":23253},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[30,23256,17230],{}," incorrectly",[14,23259,23260,23261,23263,23264,23267],{},"Each result from ",[30,23262,17230],{}," has ",[205,23265,23266],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23269,6846],{},[23,23271,23272],{"className":25,"code":21684,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,23273,23274,23310,23314,23334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23275,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23277,13358],{"class":39},[33,23279,44],{"class":43},[33,23281,10644],{"class":47},[33,23283,80],{"class":79},[33,23285,7827],{"class":83},[33,23287,80],{"class":79},[33,23289,3061],{"class":47},[33,23291,91],{"class":79},[33,23293,84],{"class":83},[33,23295,80],{"class":79},[33,23297,55],{"class":47},[33,23299,91],{"class":79},[33,23301,9453],{"class":83},[33,23303,80],{"class":79},[33,23305,3061],{"class":47},[33,23307,1196],{"class":51},[33,23309,9462],{"class":47},[33,23311,23312],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23313,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23315,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23317,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23319,21733],{"class":39},[33,23321,55],{"class":47},[33,23323,21738],{"class":39},[33,23325,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23327,13401],{"class":39},[33,23329,310],{"class":47},[33,23331,414],{"class":162},[33,23333,21749],{"class":47},[33,23335,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23337,8227],{"class":156},[33,23339,133],{"class":47},[33,23341,14995],{"class":162},[33,23343,55],{"class":47},[33,23345,8589],{"class":162},[33,23347,143],{"class":47},[14,23349,23350],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[23,23352,23354],{"className":25,"code":23353,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[30,23355,23356,23392,23396,23412],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23357,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23359,13358],{"class":39},[33,23361,44],{"class":43},[33,23363,10644],{"class":47},[33,23365,80],{"class":79},[33,23367,7827],{"class":83},[33,23369,80],{"class":79},[33,23371,3061],{"class":47},[33,23373,91],{"class":79},[33,23375,84],{"class":83},[33,23377,80],{"class":79},[33,23379,55],{"class":47},[33,23381,91],{"class":79},[33,23383,9453],{"class":83},[33,23385,80],{"class":79},[33,23387,3061],{"class":47},[33,23389,1196],{"class":51},[33,23391,9462],{"class":47},[33,23393,23394],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23395,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23397,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23399,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23401,18362],{"class":39},[33,23403,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23405,13401],{"class":39},[33,23407,310],{"class":47},[33,23409,414],{"class":162},[33,23411,21749],{"class":47},[33,23413,23414,23416,23418,23420],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23415,8227],{"class":156},[33,23417,133],{"class":47},[33,23419,14995],{"class":162},[33,23421,143],{"class":47},[14,23423,23424,23425,23427,23428,23431],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[30,23426,14995],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[30,23429,23430],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23433,23434],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[23,23436,23438],{"className":25,"code":23437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[30,23439,23440,23456],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23443,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23445,6120],{"class":39},[33,23447,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23449,13401],{"class":39},[33,23451,310],{"class":47},[33,23453,414],{"class":162},[33,23455,21749],{"class":47},[33,23457,23458,23460,23462,23465],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23459,8227],{"class":156},[33,23461,133],{"class":47},[33,23463,23464],{"class":162},"item",[33,23466,143],{"class":47},[14,23468,23469],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[23,23471,23473],{"className":25,"code":23472,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[30,23474,23475,23495],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23476,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23478,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23480,21733],{"class":39},[33,23482,55],{"class":47},[33,23484,21738],{"class":39},[33,23486,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23488,13401],{"class":39},[33,23490,310],{"class":47},[33,23492,414],{"class":162},[33,23494,21749],{"class":47},[33,23496,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23498,8227],{"class":156},[33,23500,133],{"class":47},[33,23502,14995],{"class":162},[33,23504,55],{"class":47},[33,23506,8589],{"class":162},[33,23508,143],{"class":47},[664,23510,1487,23512,23514],{"id":23511},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[30,23513,17230],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23516,23517,22129,23519,23521],{},[30,23518,17230],{},[30,23520,22062],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23523,23524],{},"Check it:",[23,23526,23528],{"className":25,"code":23527,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[30,23529,23530,23562,23566,23580,23598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23531,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23533,11877],{"class":39},[33,23535,44],{"class":43},[33,23537,10644],{"class":47},[33,23539,80],{"class":79},[33,23541,273],{"class":83},[33,23543,80],{"class":79},[33,23545,3061],{"class":47},[33,23547,1119],{"class":51},[33,23549,55],{"class":47},[33,23551,91],{"class":79},[33,23553,282],{"class":83},[33,23555,80],{"class":79},[33,23557,3061],{"class":47},[33,23559,58],{"class":51},[33,23561,9462],{"class":47},[33,23563,23564],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23565,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23567,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23569,157],{"class":156},[33,23571,133],{"class":47},[33,23573,11601],{"class":162},[33,23575,310],{"class":47},[33,23577,414],{"class":162},[33,23579,7353],{"class":47},[33,23581,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23583,157],{"class":156},[33,23585,133],{"class":47},[33,23587,1406],{"class":129},[33,23589,133],{"class":47},[33,23591,11601],{"class":162},[33,23593,310],{"class":47},[33,23595,414],{"class":162},[33,23597,6449],{"class":47},[33,23599,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,23601,157],{"class":156},[33,23603,133],{"class":47},[33,23605,1879],{"class":129},[33,23607,133],{"class":47},[33,23609,11601],{"class":162},[33,23611,310],{"class":47},[33,23613,414],{"class":162},[33,23615,6449],{"class":47},[14,23617,23618],{},[205,23619,207],{},[23,23621,23623],{"className":25,"code":23622,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[30,23624,23625,23657,23671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23626,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23628,22062],{"class":162},[33,23630,9811],{"class":47},[33,23632,236],{"class":79},[33,23634,273],{"class":83},[33,23636,236],{"class":79},[33,23638,55],{"class":47},[33,23640,1119],{"class":51},[33,23642,9388],{"class":47},[33,23644,1381],{"class":47},[33,23646,236],{"class":79},[33,23648,282],{"class":83},[33,23650,236],{"class":79},[33,23652,55],{"class":47},[33,23654,58],{"class":51},[33,23656,10833],{"class":47},[33,23658,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23660,1427],{"class":43},[33,23662,1431],{"class":1430},[33,23664,245],{"class":79},[33,23666,22062],{"class":83},[33,23668,236],{"class":79},[33,23670,1441],{"class":43},[33,23672,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23674,21894],{"class":47},[33,23676,236],{"class":79},[33,23678,273],{"class":83},[33,23680,236],{"class":79},[33,23682,55],{"class":47},[33,23684,1119],{"class":51},[33,23686,9388],{"class":47},[33,23688,1381],{"class":47},[33,23690,236],{"class":79},[33,23692,282],{"class":83},[33,23694,236],{"class":79},[33,23696,55],{"class":47},[33,23698,58],{"class":51},[33,23700,9403],{"class":47},[664,23702,23704,23705],{"id":23703},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[30,23706,17230],{},[14,23708,23709],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23711,23712],{},"Problem example:",[23,23714,23716],{"className":25,"code":23715,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[30,23717,23718,23762,23766,23786,23798],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23719,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23721,40],{"class":39},[33,23723,44],{"class":43},[33,23725,10644],{"class":47},[33,23727,80],{"class":79},[33,23729,273],{"class":83},[33,23731,80],{"class":79},[33,23733,3061],{"class":47},[33,23735,1119],{"class":51},[33,23737,55],{"class":47},[33,23739,91],{"class":79},[33,23741,282],{"class":83},[33,23743,80],{"class":79},[33,23745,3061],{"class":47},[33,23747,58],{"class":51},[33,23749,55],{"class":47},[33,23751,91],{"class":79},[33,23753,291],{"class":83},[33,23755,80],{"class":79},[33,23757,3061],{"class":47},[33,23759,63],{"class":51},[33,23761,9462],{"class":47},[33,23763,23764],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23765,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23767,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23769,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23771,21733],{"class":39},[33,23773,55],{"class":47},[33,23775,21738],{"class":39},[33,23777,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23779,4430],{"class":39},[33,23781,310],{"class":47},[33,23783,414],{"class":162},[33,23785,21749],{"class":47},[33,23787,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23789,6558],{"class":4046},[33,23791,21738],{"class":39},[33,23793,4854],{"class":43},[33,23795,58],{"class":51},[33,23797,6553],{"class":47},[33,23799,23800,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,23801,23802],{"class":39},"        numbers",[33,23804,217],{"class":47},[33,23806,80],{"class":79},[33,23808,1634],{"class":83},[33,23810,80],{"class":79},[33,23812,13427],{"class":47},[33,23814,13430],{"class":43},[33,23816,23817],{"class":51}," 4\n",[14,23819,23820],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23822,23823],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[23,23825,23827],{"className":25,"code":23826,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,23828,23829,23873,23877,23902,23914,23932,23936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23832,40],{"class":39},[33,23834,44],{"class":43},[33,23836,10644],{"class":47},[33,23838,80],{"class":79},[33,23840,273],{"class":83},[33,23842,80],{"class":79},[33,23844,3061],{"class":47},[33,23846,1119],{"class":51},[33,23848,55],{"class":47},[33,23850,91],{"class":79},[33,23852,282],{"class":83},[33,23854,80],{"class":79},[33,23856,3061],{"class":47},[33,23858,58],{"class":51},[33,23860,55],{"class":47},[33,23862,91],{"class":79},[33,23864,291],{"class":83},[33,23866,80],{"class":79},[33,23868,3061],{"class":47},[33,23870,63],{"class":51},[33,23872,9462],{"class":47},[33,23874,23875],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23876,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23878,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23880,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23882,21733],{"class":39},[33,23884,55],{"class":47},[33,23886,21738],{"class":39},[33,23888,4053],{"class":4046},[33,23890,130],{"class":129},[33,23892,133],{"class":47},[33,23894,163],{"class":162},[33,23896,310],{"class":47},[33,23898,414],{"class":162},[33,23900,23901],{"class":47},"()):\n",[33,23903,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,23905,6558],{"class":4046},[33,23907,21738],{"class":39},[33,23909,4854],{"class":43},[33,23911,58],{"class":51},[33,23913,6553],{"class":47},[33,23915,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,23917,23802],{"class":39},[33,23919,217],{"class":47},[33,23921,80],{"class":79},[33,23923,1634],{"class":83},[33,23925,80],{"class":79},[33,23927,13427],{"class":47},[33,23929,13430],{"class":43},[33,23931,23817],{"class":51},[33,23933,23934],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,23935,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,23939,157],{"class":156},[33,23941,133],{"class":47},[33,23943,163],{"class":162},[33,23945,143],{"class":47},[664,23947,23949],{"id":23948},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23951,23952],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[23,23954,23956],{"className":25,"code":23955,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[30,23957,23958,23990,23994,24010],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,23959,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,23961,1181],{"class":39},[33,23963,44],{"class":43},[33,23965,10644],{"class":47},[33,23967,80],{"class":79},[33,23969,2351],{"class":83},[33,23971,80],{"class":79},[33,23973,3061],{"class":47},[33,23975,393],{"class":51},[33,23977,55],{"class":47},[33,23979,91],{"class":79},[33,23981,11898],{"class":83},[33,23983,80],{"class":79},[33,23985,3061],{"class":47},[33,23987,7949],{"class":51},[33,23989,9462],{"class":47},[33,23991,23992],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,23993,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,23995,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,23997,6117],{"class":4046},[33,23999,6120],{"class":39},[33,24001,4053],{"class":4046},[33,24003,14720],{"class":39},[33,24005,310],{"class":47},[33,24007,414],{"class":162},[33,24009,21749],{"class":47},[33,24011,24012,24014,24016,24018],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,24013,8227],{"class":156},[33,24015,133],{"class":47},[33,24017,23464],{"class":162},[33,24019,143],{"class":47},[14,24021,24022],{},[205,24023,207],{},[23,24025,24027],{"className":25,"code":24026,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[30,24028,24029,24045],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24032,133],{"class":47},[33,24034,236],{"class":79},[33,24036,2351],{"class":83},[33,24038,236],{"class":79},[33,24040,55],{"class":47},[33,24042,393],{"class":51},[33,24044,143],{"class":47},[33,24046,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24048,133],{"class":47},[33,24050,236],{"class":79},[33,24052,11898],{"class":83},[33,24054,236],{"class":79},[33,24056,55],{"class":47},[33,24058,7949],{"class":51},[33,24060,143],{"class":47},[14,24062,24063,24064,24066],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[30,24065,21809],{}," pair.",[18,24068,1961],{"id":1960},[664,24070,24072,24073,5309],{"id":24071},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[30,24074,17230],{},[14,24076,17574,24077,24079],{},[30,24078,22062],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[664,24081,12857,24083,24085],{"id":24082},"does-items-return-a-list",[30,24084,17230],{}," return a list?",[14,24087,24088,24089,24092],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[30,24090,24091],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[664,24094,24096,24097,2033],{"id":24095},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[30,24098,17230],{},[14,24100,24101],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[23,24103,24105],{"className":25,"code":24104,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[30,24106,24107,24127],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24108,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121,24123,24125],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24110,6117],{"class":4046},[33,24112,21733],{"class":39},[33,24114,55],{"class":47},[33,24116,21738],{"class":39},[33,24118,4053],{"class":4046},[33,24120,11919],{"class":39},[33,24122,310],{"class":47},[33,24124,414],{"class":162},[33,24126,21749],{"class":47},[33,24128,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24130,8227],{"class":156},[33,24132,133],{"class":47},[33,24134,14995],{"class":162},[33,24136,55],{"class":47},[33,24138,8589],{"class":162},[33,24140,143],{"class":47},[664,24142,12857,24144,24146],{"id":24143},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[30,24145,17230],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24148,24149],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[18,24151,2045],{"id":2044},[316,24153,24154,24160,24166,24171,24175],{},[319,24155,24156],{},[273,24157,10891,24158,887],{"href":23040},[30,24159,17218],{},[319,24161,24162],{},[273,24163,10891,24164,887],{"href":23048},[30,24165,17224],{},[319,24167,24168],{},[273,24169,24170],{"href":22628},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[319,24172,24173],{},[273,24174,9312],{"href":13176},[319,24176,24177],{},[273,24178,24179],{"href":21932},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2097,24181,24182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":24184},[24185,24186,24188,24189,24190,24192,24193,24195,24197,24206,24216],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":21792,"depth":69,"text":24187},"What items() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":22123,"depth":69,"text":22124},{"id":22349,"depth":69,"text":24191},"Looping with items()",{"id":22632,"depth":69,"text":22633},{"id":22823,"depth":69,"text":24194},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23058,"depth":69,"text":24196},"When to use items()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":24198},[24199,24201,24203,24205],{"id":23253,"depth":110,"text":24200},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23511,"depth":110,"text":24202},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23703,"depth":110,"text":24204},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23948,"depth":110,"text":23949},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":24207},[24208,24210,24212,24214],{"id":24071,"depth":110,"text":24209},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24082,"depth":110,"text":24211},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24095,"depth":110,"text":24213},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24143,"depth":110,"text":24215},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21660,"description":24217},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24224,"title":24225,"body":24226,"description":26314,"extension":2138,"meta":26315,"navigation":149,"path":23040,"seo":26316,"stem":26317,"__hash__":26318},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24227,"toc":26280},[24228,24233,24239,24242,24253,24260,24262,24345,24349,24396,24401,24406,24411,24413,24429,24431,24530,24534,24591,24594,24596,24599,24692,24696,24759,24762,24778,24783,24785,24787,24802,24804,24815,24817,24860,24863,24907,24910,24912,24919,24922,24938,24940,25033,25037,25078,25090,25094,25097,25185,25189,25209,25212,25239,25246,25251,25255,25266,25268,25372,25376,25402,25405,25472,25477,25480,25503,25508,25512,25517,25523,25528,25530,25585,25589,25616,25623,25629,25632,25657,25663,25689,25692,25767,25774,25779,25781,25820,25838,25842,25845,25888,25891,25893,25912,25914,25919,25944,25947,26017,26020,26093,26097,26099,26160,26162,26177,26179,26184,26189,26196,26205,26211,26217,26224,26230,26234,26239,26241,26277],[10,24229,11470,24231,2059],{"id":24230},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[30,24232,17218],{},[14,24234,24235,24236,24238],{},"The Python dictionary ",[30,24237,17218],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24240,24241],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[316,24243,24244,24247,24250],{},[319,24245,24246],{},"view the available keys",[319,24248,24249],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[319,24251,24252],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24254,24255,24257,24258,310],{},[30,24256,17218],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[30,24259,17167],{},[18,24261,2180],{"id":2179},[23,24263,24265],{"className":25,"code":24264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[30,24266,24267,24303,24317,24321,24331],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24268,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24270,13017],{"class":39},[33,24272,44],{"class":43},[33,24274,10644],{"class":47},[33,24276,80],{"class":79},[33,24278,7827],{"class":83},[33,24280,80],{"class":79},[33,24282,3061],{"class":47},[33,24284,91],{"class":79},[33,24286,84],{"class":83},[33,24288,80],{"class":79},[33,24290,55],{"class":47},[33,24292,91],{"class":79},[33,24294,9453],{"class":83},[33,24296,80],{"class":79},[33,24298,3061],{"class":47},[33,24300,7949],{"class":51},[33,24302,9462],{"class":47},[33,24304,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24306,17394],{"class":39},[33,24308,44],{"class":43},[33,24310,13059],{"class":39},[33,24312,310],{"class":47},[33,24314,17076],{"class":162},[33,24316,1671],{"class":47},[33,24318,24319],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,24320,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,24322,24323,24325,24327,24329],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,24324,157],{"class":156},[33,24326,133],{"class":47},[33,24328,17076],{"class":162},[33,24330,143],{"class":47},[33,24332,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,24334,157],{"class":156},[33,24336,133],{"class":47},[33,24338,1879],{"class":129},[33,24340,133],{"class":47},[33,24342,17076],{"class":162},[33,24344,733],{"class":47},[14,24346,24347],{},[205,24348,207],{},[23,24350,24352],{"className":25,"code":24351,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[30,24353,24354,24376],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24357,17167],{"class":162},[33,24359,3162],{"class":47},[33,24361,236],{"class":79},[33,24363,7827],{"class":83},[33,24365,236],{"class":79},[33,24367,55],{"class":47},[33,24369,245],{"class":79},[33,24371,9453],{"class":83},[33,24373,236],{"class":79},[33,24375,4059],{"class":47},[33,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24379,217],{"class":47},[33,24381,236],{"class":79},[33,24383,7827],{"class":83},[33,24385,236],{"class":79},[33,24387,55],{"class":47},[33,24389,245],{"class":79},[33,24391,9453],{"class":83},[33,24393,236],{"class":79},[33,24395,66],{"class":47},[14,24397,672,24398,24400],{},[30,24399,17218],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[18,24402,3848,24404,3851],{"id":24403},"what-keys-does",[30,24405,17218],{},[14,24407,24408,24410],{},[30,24409,17218],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24412,11610],{},[316,24414,24415,24418,24421,24426],{},[319,24416,24417],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[319,24419,24420],{},"It does not need any arguments",[319,24422,17574,24423,24425],{},[30,24424,17167],{}," view object, not a list",[319,24427,24428],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24430,367],{},[23,24432,24434],{"className":25,"code":24433,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[30,24435,24436,24472,24476,24490,24494,24516],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24437,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24439,13358],{"class":39},[33,24441,44],{"class":43},[33,24443,10644],{"class":47},[33,24445,80],{"class":79},[33,24447,7827],{"class":83},[33,24449,80],{"class":79},[33,24451,3061],{"class":47},[33,24453,91],{"class":79},[33,24455,13375],{"class":83},[33,24457,80],{"class":79},[33,24459,55],{"class":47},[33,24461,91],{"class":79},[33,24463,9453],{"class":83},[33,24465,80],{"class":79},[33,24467,3061],{"class":47},[33,24469,1196],{"class":51},[33,24471,9462],{"class":47},[33,24473,24474],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24475,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,24479,157],{"class":156},[33,24481,133],{"class":47},[33,24483,17459],{"class":162},[33,24485,310],{"class":47},[33,24487,17076],{"class":162},[33,24489,7353],{"class":47},[33,24491,24492],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,24493,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,24495,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,24497,17459],{"class":39},[33,24499,217],{"class":47},[33,24501,80],{"class":79},[33,24503,10562],{"class":83},[33,24505,80],{"class":79},[33,24507,13427],{"class":47},[33,24509,13430],{"class":43},[33,24511,91],{"class":79},[33,24513,10569],{"class":83},[33,24515,3532],{"class":79},[33,24517,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,24519,157],{"class":156},[33,24521,133],{"class":47},[33,24523,17459],{"class":162},[33,24525,310],{"class":47},[33,24527,17076],{"class":162},[33,24529,7353],{"class":47},[14,24531,24532],{},[205,24533,207],{},[23,24535,24537],{"className":25,"code":24536,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[30,24538,24539,24561],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24540,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24542,17167],{"class":162},[33,24544,3162],{"class":47},[33,24546,236],{"class":79},[33,24548,7827],{"class":83},[33,24550,236],{"class":79},[33,24552,55],{"class":47},[33,24554,245],{"class":79},[33,24556,9453],{"class":83},[33,24558,236],{"class":79},[33,24560,4059],{"class":47},[33,24562,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24564,17167],{"class":162},[33,24566,3162],{"class":47},[33,24568,236],{"class":79},[33,24570,7827],{"class":83},[33,24572,236],{"class":79},[33,24574,55],{"class":47},[33,24576,245],{"class":79},[33,24578,9453],{"class":83},[33,24580,236],{"class":79},[33,24582,55],{"class":47},[33,24584,245],{"class":79},[33,24586,10562],{"class":83},[33,24588,236],{"class":79},[33,24590,4059],{"class":47},[14,24592,24593],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[18,24595,5946],{"id":5945},[14,24597,24598],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[23,24600,24602],{"className":25,"code":24601,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[30,24603,24604,24656,24660,24674],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24605,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24607,1181],{"class":39},[33,24609,44],{"class":43},[33,24611,10644],{"class":47},[33,24613,80],{"class":79},[33,24615,7827],{"class":83},[33,24617,80],{"class":79},[33,24619,3061],{"class":47},[33,24621,91],{"class":79},[33,24623,84],{"class":83},[33,24625,80],{"class":79},[33,24627,55],{"class":47},[33,24629,91],{"class":79},[33,24631,9453],{"class":83},[33,24633,80],{"class":79},[33,24635,3061],{"class":47},[33,24637,7949],{"class":51},[33,24639,55],{"class":47},[33,24641,91],{"class":79},[33,24643,20044],{"class":83},[33,24645,80],{"class":79},[33,24647,3061],{"class":47},[33,24649,91],{"class":79},[33,24651,22399],{"class":83},[33,24653,80],{"class":79},[33,24655,9462],{"class":47},[33,24657,24658],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24659,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,24661,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,24663,157],{"class":156},[33,24665,133],{"class":47},[33,24667,1230],{"class":162},[33,24669,310],{"class":47},[33,24671,17076],{"class":162},[33,24673,7353],{"class":47},[33,24675,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,24677,157],{"class":156},[33,24679,133],{"class":47},[33,24681,1879],{"class":129},[33,24683,133],{"class":47},[33,24685,1230],{"class":162},[33,24687,310],{"class":47},[33,24689,17076],{"class":162},[33,24691,6449],{"class":47},[14,24693,24694],{},[205,24695,207],{},[23,24697,24699],{"className":25,"code":24698,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[30,24700,24701,24731],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24702,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24704,17167],{"class":162},[33,24706,3162],{"class":47},[33,24708,236],{"class":79},[33,24710,7827],{"class":83},[33,24712,236],{"class":79},[33,24714,55],{"class":47},[33,24716,245],{"class":79},[33,24718,9453],{"class":83},[33,24720,236],{"class":79},[33,24722,55],{"class":47},[33,24724,245],{"class":79},[33,24726,20044],{"class":83},[33,24728,236],{"class":79},[33,24730,4059],{"class":47},[33,24732,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24734,217],{"class":47},[33,24736,236],{"class":79},[33,24738,7827],{"class":83},[33,24740,236],{"class":79},[33,24742,55],{"class":47},[33,24744,245],{"class":79},[33,24746,9453],{"class":83},[33,24748,236],{"class":79},[33,24750,55],{"class":47},[33,24752,245],{"class":79},[33,24754,20044],{"class":83},[33,24756,236],{"class":79},[33,24758,66],{"class":47},[14,24760,24761],{},"This shows two things:",[316,24763,24764,24772],{},[319,24765,24766,22129,24769,24771],{},[30,24767,24768],{},"data.keys()",[30,24770,17167],{}," object",[319,24773,24774,24777],{},[30,24775,24776],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24779,9308,24780,310],{},[273,24781,24782],{"href":9544},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[18,24784,5592],{"id":5591},[14,24786,2337],{},[23,24788,24790],{"className":25,"code":24789,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict.keys()\n",[30,24791,24792],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24793,24794,24796,24798,24800],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24795,11601],{"class":39},[33,24797,310],{"class":47},[33,24799,17076],{"class":162},[33,24801,1671],{"class":47},[14,24803,21954],{},[316,24805,24806,24809,24812],{},[319,24807,24808],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[319,24810,24811],{},"It takes no parameters",[319,24813,24814],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24816,16808],{},[23,24818,24820],{"className":25,"code":24819,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[30,24821,24822,24846],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24823,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24825,13017],{"class":39},[33,24827,44],{"class":43},[33,24829,10644],{"class":47},[33,24831,80],{"class":79},[33,24833,7827],{"class":83},[33,24835,80],{"class":79},[33,24837,3061],{"class":47},[33,24839,91],{"class":79},[33,24841,84],{"class":83},[33,24843,80],{"class":79},[33,24845,9462],{"class":47},[33,24847,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24849,157],{"class":156},[33,24851,133],{"class":47},[33,24853,13779],{"class":162},[33,24855,310],{"class":47},[33,24857,17076],{"class":162},[33,24859,7353],{"class":47},[14,24861,24862],{},"Incorrect:",[23,24864,24866],{"className":25,"code":24865,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[30,24867,24868,24892],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24869,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24871,13017],{"class":39},[33,24873,44],{"class":43},[33,24875,10644],{"class":47},[33,24877,80],{"class":79},[33,24879,7827],{"class":83},[33,24881,80],{"class":79},[33,24883,3061],{"class":47},[33,24885,91],{"class":79},[33,24887,84],{"class":83},[33,24889,80],{"class":79},[33,24891,9462],{"class":47},[33,24893,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24905],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24895,157],{"class":156},[33,24897,133],{"class":47},[33,24899,13779],{"class":162},[33,24901,310],{"class":47},[33,24903,17076],{"class":24904},"skxfh",[33,24906,143],{"class":47},[14,24908,24909],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[18,24911,17571],{"id":17570},[14,24913,24914,22129,24916,24918],{},[30,24915,17218],{},[30,24917,17167],{}," object.",[14,24920,24921],{},"This object:",[316,24923,24924,24927,24930,24935],{},[319,24925,24926],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[319,24928,24929],{},"can be used in a loop",[319,24931,24932,24933],{},"can be converted with ",[30,24934,305],{},[319,24936,24937],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24939,367],{},[23,24941,24943],{"className":25,"code":24942,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,24944,24945,24986,24990,25005,25009,25019],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,24946,24947,24950,24952,24954,24956,24959,24961,24963,24965,24968,24970,24972,24974,24977,24979,24981,24984],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,24948,24949],{"class":39},"car ",[33,24951,44],{"class":43},[33,24953,10644],{"class":47},[33,24955,80],{"class":79},[33,24957,24958],{"class":83},"brand",[33,24960,80],{"class":79},[33,24962,3061],{"class":47},[33,24964,91],{"class":79},[33,24966,24967],{"class":83},"Toyota",[33,24969,80],{"class":79},[33,24971,55],{"class":47},[33,24973,91],{"class":79},[33,24975,24976],{"class":83},"year",[33,24978,80],{"class":79},[33,24980,3061],{"class":47},[33,24982,24983],{"class":51}," 2020",[33,24985,9462],{"class":47},[33,24987,24988],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,24989,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,24991,24992,24994,24996,24999,25001,25003],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,24993,1506],{"class":39},[33,24995,44],{"class":43},[33,24997,24998],{"class":39}," car",[33,25000,310],{"class":47},[33,25002,17076],{"class":162},[33,25004,1671],{"class":47},[33,25006,25007],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,25008,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,25010,25011,25013,25015,25017],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,25012,157],{"class":156},[33,25014,133],{"class":47},[33,25016,1530],{"class":162},[33,25018,143],{"class":47},[33,25020,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,25022,157],{"class":156},[33,25024,133],{"class":47},[33,25026,1406],{"class":129},[33,25028,133],{"class":47},[33,25030,1530],{"class":162},[33,25032,733],{"class":47},[14,25034,25035],{},[205,25036,207],{},[23,25038,25040],{"className":25,"code":25039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[30,25041,25042,25064],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25043,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25045,17167],{"class":162},[33,25047,3162],{"class":47},[33,25049,236],{"class":79},[33,25051,24958],{"class":83},[33,25053,236],{"class":79},[33,25055,55],{"class":47},[33,25057,245],{"class":79},[33,25059,24976],{"class":83},[33,25061,236],{"class":79},[33,25063,4059],{"class":47},[33,25065,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25067,1427],{"class":43},[33,25069,1431],{"class":1430},[33,25071,245],{"class":79},[33,25073,17167],{"class":83},[33,25075,236],{"class":79},[33,25077,1441],{"class":43},[14,25079,25080,25081,25085,25086,310],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[273,25082,10891,25083,887],{"href":17221},[30,25084,17224],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[273,25087,10891,25088,887],{"href":17227},[30,25089,17230],{},[18,25091,25093],{"id":25092},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25095,25096],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[23,25098,25100],{"className":25,"code":25099,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[30,25101,25102,25155,25159,25175],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25103,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25151,25153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25105,13017],{"class":39},[33,25107,44],{"class":43},[33,25109,10644],{"class":47},[33,25111,80],{"class":79},[33,25113,7827],{"class":83},[33,25115,80],{"class":79},[33,25117,3061],{"class":47},[33,25119,91],{"class":79},[33,25121,84],{"class":83},[33,25123,80],{"class":79},[33,25125,55],{"class":47},[33,25127,91],{"class":79},[33,25129,9453],{"class":83},[33,25131,80],{"class":79},[33,25133,3061],{"class":47},[33,25135,7949],{"class":51},[33,25137,55],{"class":47},[33,25139,91],{"class":79},[33,25141,15481],{"class":83},[33,25143,80],{"class":79},[33,25145,3061],{"class":47},[33,25147,91],{"class":79},[33,25149,25150],{"class":83},"Math",[33,25152,80],{"class":79},[33,25154,9462],{"class":47},[33,25156,25157],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25158,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,25160,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25162,6117],{"class":4046},[33,25164,18362],{"class":39},[33,25166,4053],{"class":4046},[33,25168,13059],{"class":39},[33,25170,310],{"class":47},[33,25172,17076],{"class":162},[33,25174,21749],{"class":47},[33,25176,25177,25179,25181,25183],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,25178,8227],{"class":156},[33,25180,133],{"class":47},[33,25182,14995],{"class":162},[33,25184,143],{"class":47},[14,25186,25187],{},[205,25188,207],{},[23,25190,25192],{"className":25,"code":25191,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[30,25193,25194,25199,25204],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25195,25196],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25197,25198],{"class":39},"name\n",[33,25200,25201],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25202,25203],{"class":39},"age\n",[33,25205,25206],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25207,25208],{"class":39},"course\n",[14,25210,25211],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[23,25213,25215],{"className":25,"code":25214,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[30,25216,25217,25229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25218,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25220,6117],{"class":4046},[33,25222,18362],{"class":39},[33,25224,4053],{"class":4046},[33,25226,13059],{"class":39},[33,25228,6553],{"class":47},[33,25230,25231,25233,25235,25237],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25232,8227],{"class":156},[33,25234,133],{"class":47},[33,25236,14995],{"class":162},[33,25238,143],{"class":47},[14,25240,25241,25242,25245],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[30,25243,25244],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[18,25247,5127,25249],{"id":25248},"when-to-use-keys",[30,25250,17218],{},[14,25252,672,25253,10755],{},[30,25254,17218],{},[316,25256,25257,25260,25263],{},[319,25258,25259],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[319,25261,25262],{},"you want to display available fields",[319,25264,25265],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25267,367],{},[23,25269,25271],{"className":25,"code":25270,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[30,25272,25273,25326,25330,25345,25362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25274,25275,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25295,25297,25299,25301,25304,25306,25308,25311,25313,25315,25318,25320,25322,25324],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25276,25277],{"class":39},"product ",[33,25279,44],{"class":43},[33,25281,10644],{"class":47},[33,25283,80],{"class":79},[33,25285,7827],{"class":83},[33,25287,80],{"class":79},[33,25289,3061],{"class":47},[33,25291,91],{"class":79},[33,25293,25294],{"class":83},"Book",[33,25296,80],{"class":79},[33,25298,55],{"class":47},[33,25300,91],{"class":79},[33,25302,25303],{"class":83},"price",[33,25305,80],{"class":79},[33,25307,3061],{"class":47},[33,25309,25310],{"class":51}," 12.99",[33,25312,55],{"class":47},[33,25314,91],{"class":79},[33,25316,25317],{"class":83},"stock",[33,25319,80],{"class":79},[33,25321,3061],{"class":47},[33,25323,4770],{"class":51},[33,25325,9462],{"class":47},[33,25327,25328],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25329,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,25331,25332,25334,25336,25338,25341,25343],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25333,157],{"class":156},[33,25335,133],{"class":47},[33,25337,80],{"class":79},[33,25339,25340],{"class":83},"Available fields:",[33,25342,80],{"class":79},[33,25344,143],{"class":47},[33,25346,25347,25349,25351,25353,25356,25358,25360],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,25348,6117],{"class":4046},[33,25350,18362],{"class":39},[33,25352,4053],{"class":4046},[33,25354,25355],{"class":39}," product",[33,25357,310],{"class":47},[33,25359,17076],{"class":162},[33,25361,21749],{"class":47},[33,25363,25364,25366,25368,25370],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,25365,8227],{"class":156},[33,25367,133],{"class":47},[33,25369,14995],{"class":162},[33,25371,143],{"class":47},[14,25373,25374],{},[205,25375,207],{},[23,25377,25379],{"className":25,"code":25378,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[30,25380,25381,25388,25392,25397],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25382,25383,25386],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25384,25385],{"class":39},"Available fields",[33,25387,6553],{"class":47},[33,25389,25390],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25391,25198],{"class":39},[33,25393,25394],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25395,25396],{"class":39},"price\n",[33,25398,25399],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,25400,25401],{"class":39},"stock\n",[14,25403,25404],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[23,25406,25408],{"className":25,"code":25407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[30,25409,25410,25446,25450],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25411,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25413,25277],{"class":39},[33,25415,44],{"class":43},[33,25417,10644],{"class":47},[33,25419,80],{"class":79},[33,25421,7827],{"class":83},[33,25423,80],{"class":79},[33,25425,3061],{"class":47},[33,25427,91],{"class":79},[33,25429,25294],{"class":83},[33,25431,80],{"class":79},[33,25433,55],{"class":47},[33,25435,91],{"class":79},[33,25437,25303],{"class":83},[33,25439,80],{"class":79},[33,25441,3061],{"class":47},[33,25443,25310],{"class":51},[33,25445,9462],{"class":47},[33,25447,25448],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25449,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25453,157],{"class":156},[33,25455,133],{"class":47},[33,25457,80],{"class":79},[33,25459,7827],{"class":83},[33,25461,80],{"class":79},[33,25463,21327],{"class":4046},[33,25465,25355],{"class":162},[33,25467,310],{"class":47},[33,25469,17076],{"class":162},[33,25471,7353],{"class":47},[14,25473,25474,25475,310],{},"This works and returns ",[30,25476,3777],{},[14,25478,25479],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[23,25481,25483],{"className":25,"code":25482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[30,25484,25485],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25486,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25488,157],{"class":156},[33,25490,133],{"class":47},[33,25492,80],{"class":79},[33,25494,7827],{"class":83},[33,25496,80],{"class":79},[33,25498,21327],{"class":4046},[33,25500,25355],{"class":162},[33,25502,143],{"class":47},[14,25504,25505,25506,310],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[273,25507,21360],{"href":17305},[18,25509,25511],{"id":25510},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25513,25514,25515,310],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[30,25516,17218],{},[664,25518,1487,25520,25522],{"id":25519},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[30,25521,17218],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25524,25525,25527],{},[30,25526,17218],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25529,367],{},[23,25531,25533],{"className":25,"code":25532,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[30,25534,25535,25571],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25536,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25538,1181],{"class":39},[33,25540,44],{"class":43},[33,25542,10644],{"class":47},[33,25544,80],{"class":79},[33,25546,7827],{"class":83},[33,25548,80],{"class":79},[33,25550,3061],{"class":47},[33,25552,91],{"class":79},[33,25554,84],{"class":83},[33,25556,80],{"class":79},[33,25558,55],{"class":47},[33,25560,91],{"class":79},[33,25562,9453],{"class":83},[33,25564,80],{"class":79},[33,25566,3061],{"class":47},[33,25568,7949],{"class":51},[33,25570,9462],{"class":47},[33,25572,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25574,157],{"class":156},[33,25576,133],{"class":47},[33,25578,1230],{"class":162},[33,25580,310],{"class":47},[33,25582,17076],{"class":162},[33,25584,7353],{"class":47},[14,25586,25587],{},[205,25588,207],{},[23,25590,25592],{"className":25,"code":25591,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[30,25593,25594],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25595,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25597,17167],{"class":162},[33,25599,3162],{"class":47},[33,25601,236],{"class":79},[33,25603,7827],{"class":83},[33,25605,236],{"class":79},[33,25607,55],{"class":47},[33,25609,245],{"class":79},[33,25611,9453],{"class":83},[33,25613,236],{"class":79},[33,25615,4059],{"class":47},[14,25617,25618,25619,310],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[273,25620,25621],{"href":17227},[30,25622,17230],{},[664,25624,25626,25627],{"id":25625},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[30,25628,17167],{},[14,25630,25631],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[23,25633,25635],{"className":25,"code":25634,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['name', 'age']\n",[30,25636,25637],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25638,25639,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25640,217],{"class":47},[33,25642,236],{"class":79},[33,25644,7827],{"class":83},[33,25646,236],{"class":79},[33,25648,55],{"class":47},[33,25650,245],{"class":79},[33,25652,9453],{"class":83},[33,25654,236],{"class":79},[33,25656,66],{"class":47},[14,25658,25659,25660,25662],{},"But ",[30,25661,17218],{}," returns:",[23,25664,25665],{"className":25,"code":25591,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,25666,25667],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25668,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25670,17167],{"class":162},[33,25672,3162],{"class":47},[33,25674,236],{"class":79},[33,25676,7827],{"class":83},[33,25678,236],{"class":79},[33,25680,55],{"class":47},[33,25682,245],{"class":79},[33,25684,9453],{"class":83},[33,25686,236],{"class":79},[33,25688,4059],{"class":47},[14,25690,25691],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[23,25693,25695],{"className":25,"code":25694,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[30,25696,25697,25733,25752,25756],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25698,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25700,1181],{"class":39},[33,25702,44],{"class":43},[33,25704,10644],{"class":47},[33,25706,80],{"class":79},[33,25708,7827],{"class":83},[33,25710,80],{"class":79},[33,25712,3061],{"class":47},[33,25714,91],{"class":79},[33,25716,84],{"class":83},[33,25718,80],{"class":79},[33,25720,55],{"class":47},[33,25722,91],{"class":79},[33,25724,9453],{"class":83},[33,25726,80],{"class":79},[33,25728,3061],{"class":47},[33,25730,7949],{"class":51},[33,25732,9462],{"class":47},[33,25734,25735,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25736,25737],{"class":39},"key_list ",[33,25739,44],{"class":43},[33,25741,130],{"class":129},[33,25743,133],{"class":47},[33,25745,1230],{"class":162},[33,25747,310],{"class":47},[33,25749,17076],{"class":162},[33,25751,7353],{"class":47},[33,25753,25754],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,25755,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,25757,25758,25760,25762,25765],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,25759,157],{"class":156},[33,25761,133],{"class":47},[33,25763,25764],{"class":162},"key_list",[33,25766,143],{"class":47},[664,25768,25770,25771,25773],{"id":25769},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[30,25772,17218],{}," on a list or string",[14,25775,25776,25778],{},[30,25777,17218],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25780,3013],{},[23,25782,25784],{"className":25,"code":25783,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[30,25785,25786,25806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25787,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25789,40],{"class":39},[33,25791,44],{"class":43},[33,25793,48],{"class":47},[33,25795,52],{"class":51},[33,25797,55],{"class":47},[33,25799,58],{"class":51},[33,25801,55],{"class":47},[33,25803,63],{"class":51},[33,25805,66],{"class":47},[33,25807,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25809,157],{"class":156},[33,25811,133],{"class":47},[33,25813,163],{"class":162},[33,25815,310],{"class":47},[33,25817,17076],{"class":162},[33,25819,7353],{"class":47},[14,25821,25822,25823,25826,25827,25829,25830,310],{},"You may get an ",[30,25824,25825],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[30,25828,17218],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[273,25831,25833,25834,25837],{"href":25832},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[30,25835,25836],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[664,25839,25841],{"id":25840},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25843,25844],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[23,25846,25848],{"className":25,"code":25847,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[30,25849,25850,25874],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25851,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25853,1181],{"class":39},[33,25855,44],{"class":43},[33,25857,10644],{"class":47},[33,25859,80],{"class":79},[33,25861,7827],{"class":83},[33,25863,80],{"class":79},[33,25865,3061],{"class":47},[33,25867,91],{"class":79},[33,25869,84],{"class":83},[33,25871,80],{"class":79},[33,25873,9462],{"class":47},[33,25875,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25877,157],{"class":156},[33,25879,133],{"class":47},[33,25881,1230],{"class":162},[33,25883,310],{"class":47},[33,25885,17076],{"class":24904},[33,25887,143],{"class":47},[14,25889,25890],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25892,18848],{},[23,25894,25896],{"className":25,"code":25895,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(data.keys())\n",[30,25897,25898],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25899,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25901,157],{"class":156},[33,25903,133],{"class":47},[33,25905,1230],{"class":162},[33,25907,310],{"class":47},[33,25909,17076],{"class":162},[33,25911,7353],{"class":47},[18,25913,3006],{"id":3005},[14,25915,25916,25917,3061],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[30,25918,17218],{},[316,25920,25921,25926,25932,25938],{},[319,25922,1357,25923,25925],{},[30,25924,17218],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[319,25927,25928,25929,25931],{},"Thinking ",[30,25930,17218],{}," returns values too",[319,25933,25934,25935,25937],{},"Trying to index ",[30,25936,17167],{}," like a normal list",[319,25939,25940,25941,25943],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[30,25942,17167],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25945,25946],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[23,25948,25950],{"className":25,"code":25949,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[30,25951,25952,25984,25998,26002,26012],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,25953,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,25955,1181],{"class":39},[33,25957,44],{"class":43},[33,25959,10644],{"class":47},[33,25961,80],{"class":79},[33,25963,273],{"class":83},[33,25965,80],{"class":79},[33,25967,3061],{"class":47},[33,25969,1119],{"class":51},[33,25971,55],{"class":47},[33,25973,91],{"class":79},[33,25975,282],{"class":83},[33,25977,80],{"class":79},[33,25979,3061],{"class":47},[33,25981,58],{"class":51},[33,25983,9462],{"class":47},[33,25985,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,25987,17394],{"class":39},[33,25989,44],{"class":43},[33,25991,14720],{"class":39},[33,25993,310],{"class":47},[33,25995,17076],{"class":162},[33,25997,1671],{"class":47},[33,25999,26000],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26001,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26003,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26005,157],{"class":156},[33,26007,133],{"class":47},[33,26009,17076],{"class":162},[33,26011,143],{"class":47},[33,26013,26014],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,26015,26016],{"class":1308},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26018,26019],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[23,26021,26023],{"className":25,"code":26022,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[30,26024,26025,26057,26075,26079],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26026,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26028,1181],{"class":39},[33,26030,44],{"class":43},[33,26032,10644],{"class":47},[33,26034,80],{"class":79},[33,26036,273],{"class":83},[33,26038,80],{"class":79},[33,26040,3061],{"class":47},[33,26042,1119],{"class":51},[33,26044,55],{"class":47},[33,26046,91],{"class":79},[33,26048,282],{"class":83},[33,26050,80],{"class":79},[33,26052,3061],{"class":47},[33,26054,58],{"class":51},[33,26056,9462],{"class":47},[33,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26060,17394],{"class":39},[33,26062,44],{"class":43},[33,26064,130],{"class":129},[33,26066,133],{"class":47},[33,26068,1230],{"class":162},[33,26070,310],{"class":47},[33,26072,17076],{"class":162},[33,26074,7353],{"class":47},[33,26076,26077],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26078,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26080,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26082,157],{"class":156},[33,26084,133],{"class":47},[33,26086,17076],{"class":162},[33,26088,217],{"class":47},[33,26090,1114],{"class":51},[33,26092,4059],{"class":47},[18,26094,26096],{"id":26095},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26098,11265],{},[23,26100,26102],{"className":25,"code":26101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[30,26103,26104,26118,26128,26142],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26105,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26107,157],{"class":156},[33,26109,133],{"class":47},[33,26111,1406],{"class":129},[33,26113,133],{"class":47},[33,26115,11601],{"class":162},[33,26117,733],{"class":47},[33,26119,26120,26122,26124,26126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26121,157],{"class":156},[33,26123,133],{"class":47},[33,26125,11601],{"class":162},[33,26127,143],{"class":47},[33,26129,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26131,157],{"class":156},[33,26133,133],{"class":47},[33,26135,11601],{"class":162},[33,26137,310],{"class":47},[33,26139,17076],{"class":162},[33,26141,7353],{"class":47},[33,26143,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26145,157],{"class":156},[33,26147,133],{"class":47},[33,26149,1879],{"class":129},[33,26151,133],{"class":47},[33,26153,11601],{"class":162},[33,26155,310],{"class":47},[33,26157,17076],{"class":162},[33,26159,6449],{"class":47},[14,26161,1893],{},[316,26163,26164,26167,26170,26174],{},[319,26165,26166],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[319,26168,26169],{},"what data it contains",[319,26171,1907,26172,11858],{},[30,26173,17218],{},[319,26175,26176],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[18,26178,1961],{"id":1960},[664,26180,24072,26182,5309],{"id":26181},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[30,26183,17218],{},[14,26185,17574,26186,26188],{},[30,26187,17167],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[664,26190,15057,26192,26195],{"id":26191},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[30,26193,26194],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26197,26198,26199,26201,26202,310],{},"No. It returns a ",[30,26200,17167],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[30,26203,26204],{},"list(dict.keys())",[664,26206,26208,26209,2033],{"id":26207},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[30,26210,26194],{},[14,26212,26213,26214,26216],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[30,26215,6117],{}," loop.",[664,26218,26220,26221,26223],{"id":26219},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[30,26222,17218],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26225,26226,26227,26229],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[30,26228,17218],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[664,26231,26233],{"id":26232},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26235,672,26236,310],{},[30,26237,26238],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[18,26240,2045],{"id":2044},[316,26242,26243,26248,26254,26260,26266,26270],{},[319,26244,26245],{},[273,26246,26247],{"href":9544},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[319,26249,26250],{},[273,26251,10891,26252,887],{"href":17221},[30,26253,17224],{},[319,26255,26256],{},[273,26257,10891,26258,887],{"href":17227},[30,26259,17230],{},[319,26261,26262],{},[273,26263,26265],{"href":26264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[319,26267,26268],{},[273,26269,17306],{"href":17305},[319,26271,26272],{},[273,26273,26274,26275,25837],{"href":25832},"How to fix ",[30,26276,25836],{},[2097,26278,26279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":26281},[26282,26283,26285,26286,26287,26288,26289,26291,26300,26301,26302,26313],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":24403,"depth":69,"text":26284},"What keys() does",{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":25092,"depth":69,"text":25093},{"id":25248,"depth":69,"text":26290},"When to use keys()",{"id":25510,"depth":69,"text":25511,"children":26292},[26293,26295,26297,26299],{"id":25519,"depth":110,"text":26294},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25625,"depth":110,"text":26296},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25769,"depth":110,"text":26298},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25840,"depth":110,"text":25841},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":26095,"depth":69,"text":26096},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":26303},[26304,26306,26308,26310,26312],{"id":26181,"depth":110,"text":26305},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26191,"depth":110,"text":26307},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26207,"depth":110,"text":26309},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26219,"depth":110,"text":26311},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26232,"depth":110,"text":26233},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24225,"description":26314},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26320,"title":26321,"body":26322,"description":28595,"extension":2138,"meta":28596,"navigation":149,"path":28597,"seo":28598,"stem":28599,"__hash__":28600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26323,"toc":28548},[26324,26329,26334,26337,26339,26485,26498,26503,26507,26521,26523,26626,26635,26637,26640,26678,26703,26705,26812,26814,26821,26824,26832,26834,26975,26983,26988,26992,27003,27005,27167,27170,27178,27185,27191,27288,27294,27371,27374,27386,27391,27397,27400,27404,27493,27496,27500,27604,27611,27698,27707,27709,27714,27720,27723,27769,27772,27838,27847,27853,27946,27952,27958,28001,28004,28069,28075,28167,28170,28174,28180,28205,28208,28304,28311,28313,28318,28409,28411,28439,28444,28446,28453,28456,28460,28470,28475,28478,28485,28495,28502,28510,28512,28545],[10,26325,11470,26327,2059],{"id":26326},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[30,26328,12916],{},[14,26330,26331,26333],{},[30,26332,12722],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26335,26336],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[18,26338,21],{"id":20},[23,26340,26342],{"className":25,"code":26341,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[30,26343,26344,26380,26404,26418,26431,26435,26440,26472],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26345,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26347,13358],{"class":39},[33,26349,44],{"class":43},[33,26351,10644],{"class":47},[33,26353,80],{"class":79},[33,26355,7827],{"class":83},[33,26357,80],{"class":79},[33,26359,3061],{"class":47},[33,26361,91],{"class":79},[33,26363,84],{"class":83},[33,26365,80],{"class":79},[33,26367,55],{"class":47},[33,26369,91],{"class":79},[33,26371,9453],{"class":83},[33,26373,80],{"class":79},[33,26375,3061],{"class":47},[33,26377,1196],{"class":51},[33,26379,9462],{"class":47},[33,26381,26382,26385,26387,26389,26391,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26383,26384],{"class":39},"removed_age ",[33,26386,44],{"class":43},[33,26388,13401],{"class":39},[33,26390,310],{"class":47},[33,26392,26393],{"class":162},"pop",[33,26395,133],{"class":47},[33,26397,80],{"class":79},[33,26399,9453],{"class":83},[33,26401,80],{"class":79},[33,26403,143],{"class":47},[33,26405,26406,26408,26410,26413,26415],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26407,157],{"class":156},[33,26409,133],{"class":47},[33,26411,26412],{"class":162},"removed_age",[33,26414,3831],{"class":47},[33,26416,26417],{"class":1308},"   # 25\n",[33,26419,26420,26422,26424,26426,26428],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26421,157],{"class":156},[33,26423,133],{"class":47},[33,26425,17459],{"class":162},[33,26427,3831],{"class":47},[33,26429,26430],{"class":1308},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[33,26432,26433],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,26434,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26436,26437],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,26438,26439],{"class":1308},"# Safe version with default value\n",[33,26441,26442,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26468,26470],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,26443,26444],{"class":39},"country ",[33,26446,44],{"class":43},[33,26448,13401],{"class":39},[33,26450,310],{"class":47},[33,26452,26393],{"class":162},[33,26454,133],{"class":47},[33,26456,80],{"class":79},[33,26458,15414],{"class":83},[33,26460,80],{"class":79},[33,26462,55],{"class":47},[33,26464,91],{"class":79},[33,26466,26467],{"class":83},"Not found",[33,26469,80],{"class":79},[33,26471,143],{"class":47},[33,26473,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,26475,157],{"class":156},[33,26477,133],{"class":47},[33,26479,15414],{"class":162},[33,26481,3831],{"class":47},[33,26483,26484],{"class":1308},"       # Not found\n",[14,26486,672,26487,26490,26491,26494,26495,26497],{},[30,26488,26489],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[30,26492,26493],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[30,26496,19840],{}," when the key might not exist.",[18,26499,3848,26501,3851],{"id":26500},"what-dictpop-does",[30,26502,12722],{},[14,26504,26505,3061],{},[30,26506,12722],{},[316,26508,26509,26512,26515,26518],{},[319,26510,26511],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[319,26513,26514],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[319,26516,26517],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[319,26519,26520],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26522,367],{},[23,26524,26526],{"className":25,"code":26525,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[30,26527,26528,26568,26572,26595,26599,26613],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26529,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26531,11640],{"class":39},[33,26533,44],{"class":43},[33,26535,10644],{"class":47},[33,26537,80],{"class":79},[33,26539,7827],{"class":83},[33,26541,80],{"class":79},[33,26543,3061],{"class":47},[33,26545,91],{"class":79},[33,26547,13375],{"class":83},[33,26549,80],{"class":79},[33,26551,55],{"class":47},[33,26553,91],{"class":79},[33,26555,10562],{"class":83},[33,26557,80],{"class":79},[33,26559,3061],{"class":47},[33,26561,91],{"class":79},[33,26563,10569],{"class":83},[33,26565,80],{"class":79},[33,26567,9462],{"class":47},[33,26569,26570],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26571,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26573,26574,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26575,26576],{"class":39},"removed_city ",[33,26578,44],{"class":43},[33,26580,11723],{"class":39},[33,26582,310],{"class":47},[33,26584,26393],{"class":162},[33,26586,133],{"class":47},[33,26588,80],{"class":79},[33,26590,10562],{"class":83},[33,26592,80],{"class":79},[33,26594,143],{"class":47},[33,26596,26597],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26598,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26600,26601,26603,26605,26608,26610],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,26602,157],{"class":156},[33,26604,133],{"class":47},[33,26606,26607],{"class":162},"removed_city",[33,26609,3831],{"class":47},[33,26611,26612],{"class":1308},"  # Paris\n",[33,26614,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,26616,157],{"class":156},[33,26618,133],{"class":47},[33,26620,11734],{"class":162},[33,26622,3831],{"class":47},[33,26624,26625],{"class":1308},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26627,20924,26628,26631,26632,310],{},[30,26629,26630],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[30,26633,26634],{},"\"Paris\"",[18,26636,2334],{"id":2333},[14,26638,26639],{},"There are two common forms:",[23,26641,26643],{"className":25,"code":26642,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[30,26644,26645,26659],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26646,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26648,11601],{"class":39},[33,26650,310],{"class":47},[33,26652,26393],{"class":162},[33,26654,133],{"class":47},[33,26656,14995],{"class":162},[33,26658,143],{"class":47},[33,26660,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26676],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26662,11601],{"class":39},[33,26664,310],{"class":47},[33,26666,26393],{"class":162},[33,26668,133],{"class":47},[33,26670,14995],{"class":162},[33,26672,55],{"class":47},[33,26674,26675],{"class":162}," default",[33,26677,143],{"class":47},[316,26679,26680,26686,26694,26700],{},[319,26681,26682,26685],{},[30,26683,26684],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[319,26687,26688,26690,26691,26693],{},[30,26689,26684],{}," raises ",[30,26692,19840],{}," if the key is missing",[319,26695,26696,26699],{},[30,26697,26698],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[319,26701,26702],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26704,367],{},[23,26706,26708],{"className":25,"code":26707,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26709,26710,26742,26746,26771,26799],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26711,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26713,5228],{"class":39},[33,26715,44],{"class":43},[33,26717,10644],{"class":47},[33,26719,80],{"class":79},[33,26721,18570],{"class":83},[33,26723,80],{"class":79},[33,26725,3061],{"class":47},[33,26727,20051],{"class":51},[33,26729,55],{"class":47},[33,26731,91],{"class":79},[33,26733,18579],{"class":83},[33,26735,80],{"class":79},[33,26737,3061],{"class":47},[33,26739,13661],{"class":51},[33,26741,9462],{"class":47},[33,26743,26744],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26745,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26747,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26749,157],{"class":156},[33,26751,133],{"class":47},[33,26753,16541],{"class":162},[33,26755,310],{"class":47},[33,26757,26393],{"class":162},[33,26759,133],{"class":47},[33,26761,80],{"class":79},[33,26763,18570],{"class":83},[33,26765,80],{"class":79},[33,26767,5522],{"class":47},[33,26769,26770],{"class":1308},"         # 90\n",[33,26772,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26774,157],{"class":156},[33,26776,133],{"class":47},[33,26778,16541],{"class":162},[33,26780,310],{"class":47},[33,26782,26393],{"class":162},[33,26784,133],{"class":47},[33,26786,80],{"class":79},[33,26788,18588],{"class":83},[33,26790,80],{"class":79},[33,26792,55],{"class":47},[33,26794,4004],{"class":51},[33,26796,5522],{"class":47},[33,26798,20921],{"class":1308},[33,26800,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,26802,157],{"class":156},[33,26804,133],{"class":47},[33,26806,16541],{"class":162},[33,26808,3831],{"class":47},[33,26810,26811],{"class":1308},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26813,17571],{"id":17570},[14,26815,26816,14207,26818,26820],{},[30,26817,12916],{},[205,26819,4796],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26822,26823],{},"Instead, it returns:",[316,26825,26826,26829],{},[319,26827,26828],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[319,26830,26831],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26833,367],{},[23,26835,26837],{"className":25,"code":26836,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[30,26838,26839,26871,26875,26898,26930,26934,26948,26962],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,26840,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,26842,1181],{"class":39},[33,26844,44],{"class":43},[33,26846,10644],{"class":47},[33,26848,80],{"class":79},[33,26850,273],{"class":83},[33,26852,80],{"class":79},[33,26854,3061],{"class":47},[33,26856,393],{"class":51},[33,26858,55],{"class":47},[33,26860,91],{"class":79},[33,26862,282],{"class":83},[33,26864,80],{"class":79},[33,26866,3061],{"class":47},[33,26868,7949],{"class":51},[33,26870,9462],{"class":47},[33,26872,26873],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,26874,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26876,26877,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,26878,26879],{"class":39},"result1 ",[33,26881,44],{"class":43},[33,26883,14720],{"class":39},[33,26885,310],{"class":47},[33,26887,26393],{"class":162},[33,26889,133],{"class":47},[33,26891,80],{"class":79},[33,26893,273],{"class":83},[33,26895,80],{"class":79},[33,26897,143],{"class":47},[33,26899,26900,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26926,26928],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,26901,26902],{"class":39},"result2 ",[33,26904,44],{"class":43},[33,26906,14720],{"class":39},[33,26908,310],{"class":47},[33,26910,26393],{"class":162},[33,26912,133],{"class":47},[33,26914,80],{"class":79},[33,26916,291],{"class":83},[33,26918,80],{"class":79},[33,26920,55],{"class":47},[33,26922,91],{"class":79},[33,26924,26925],{"class":83},"missing",[33,26927,80],{"class":79},[33,26929,143],{"class":47},[33,26931,26932],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,26933,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,26935,26936,26938,26940,26943,26945],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,26937,157],{"class":156},[33,26939,133],{"class":47},[33,26941,26942],{"class":162},"result1",[33,26944,3831],{"class":47},[33,26946,26947],{"class":1308},"  # 10\n",[33,26949,26950,26952,26954,26957,26959],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,26951,157],{"class":156},[33,26953,133],{"class":47},[33,26955,26956],{"class":162},"result2",[33,26958,3831],{"class":47},[33,26960,26961],{"class":1308},"  # missing\n",[33,26963,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,26965,157],{"class":156},[33,26967,133],{"class":47},[33,26969,1230],{"class":162},[33,26971,3831],{"class":47},[33,26973,26974],{"class":1308},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26976,26977,26978,6789],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[273,26979,26980],{"href":10890},[30,26981,26982],{},"dict.get()",[18,26984,5127,26986],{"id":26985},"when-to-use-pop",[30,26987,12916],{},[14,26989,672,26990,10755],{},[30,26991,12916],{},[316,26993,26994,26997,27000],{},[319,26995,26996],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[319,26998,26999],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[319,27001,27002],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27004,367],{},[23,27006,27008],{"className":25,"code":27007,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[30,27009,27010,27062,27066,27093,27097,27121,27125,27139,27153],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27011,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27046,27048,27050,27053,27055,27057,27060],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27013,25277],{"class":39},[33,27015,44],{"class":43},[33,27017,10644],{"class":47},[33,27019,80],{"class":79},[33,27021,7827],{"class":83},[33,27023,80],{"class":79},[33,27025,3061],{"class":47},[33,27027,91],{"class":79},[33,27029,27030],{"class":83},"Laptop",[33,27032,80],{"class":79},[33,27034,55],{"class":47},[33,27036,91],{"class":79},[33,27038,25303],{"class":83},[33,27040,80],{"class":79},[33,27042,3061],{"class":47},[33,27044,27045],{"class":51}," 1200",[33,27047,55],{"class":47},[33,27049,91],{"class":79},[33,27051,27052],{"class":83},"discount",[33,27054,80],{"class":79},[33,27056,3061],{"class":47},[33,27058,27059],{"class":51}," 200",[33,27061,9462],{"class":47},[33,27063,27064],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27065,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27067,27068,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27069,27070],{"class":39},"discount_amount ",[33,27072,44],{"class":43},[33,27074,25355],{"class":39},[33,27076,310],{"class":47},[33,27078,26393],{"class":162},[33,27080,133],{"class":47},[33,27082,80],{"class":79},[33,27084,27052],{"class":83},[33,27086,80],{"class":79},[33,27088,55],{"class":47},[33,27090,4004],{"class":51},[33,27092,143],{"class":47},[33,27094,27095],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27096,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27098,27099,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27100,27101],{"class":39},"final_price ",[33,27103,44],{"class":43},[33,27105,25355],{"class":39},[33,27107,217],{"class":47},[33,27109,80],{"class":79},[33,27111,25303],{"class":83},[33,27113,80],{"class":79},[33,27115,13427],{"class":47},[33,27117,2399],{"class":43},[33,27119,27120],{"class":39}," discount_amount\n",[33,27122,27123],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27124,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27126,27127,27129,27131,27134,27136],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,27128,157],{"class":156},[33,27130,133],{"class":47},[33,27132,27133],{"class":162},"discount_amount",[33,27135,3831],{"class":47},[33,27137,27138],{"class":1308},"  # 200\n",[33,27140,27141,27143,27145,27148,27150],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,27142,157],{"class":156},[33,27144,133],{"class":47},[33,27146,27147],{"class":162},"final_price",[33,27149,3831],{"class":47},[33,27151,27152],{"class":1308},"      # 1000\n",[33,27154,27155,27157,27159,27162,27164],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,27156,157],{"class":156},[33,27158,133],{"class":47},[33,27160,27161],{"class":162},"product",[33,27163,3831],{"class":47},[33,27165,27166],{"class":1308},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27168,27169],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[18,27171,27173,10739,27175],{"id":27172},"pop-vs-del",[30,27174,12916],{},[30,27176,27177],{},"del",[14,27179,10744,27180,2030,27182,27184],{},[30,27181,12916],{},[30,27183,27177],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[664,27186,672,27188,27190],{"id":27187},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[30,27189,12916],{}," when you need the removed value",[23,27192,27194],{"className":25,"code":27193,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[30,27195,27196,27232,27236,27258,27262,27275],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27197,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27199,13358],{"class":39},[33,27201,44],{"class":43},[33,27203,10644],{"class":47},[33,27205,80],{"class":79},[33,27207,7827],{"class":83},[33,27209,80],{"class":79},[33,27211,3061],{"class":47},[33,27213,91],{"class":79},[33,27215,84],{"class":83},[33,27217,80],{"class":79},[33,27219,55],{"class":47},[33,27221,91],{"class":79},[33,27223,9453],{"class":83},[33,27225,80],{"class":79},[33,27227,3061],{"class":47},[33,27229,1196],{"class":51},[33,27231,9462],{"class":47},[33,27233,27234],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27235,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27237,27238,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27239,21782],{"class":39},[33,27241,44],{"class":43},[33,27243,13401],{"class":39},[33,27245,310],{"class":47},[33,27247,26393],{"class":162},[33,27249,133],{"class":47},[33,27251,80],{"class":79},[33,27253,9453],{"class":83},[33,27255,80],{"class":79},[33,27257,143],{"class":47},[33,27259,27260],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27261,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27263,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27265,157],{"class":156},[33,27267,133],{"class":47},[33,27269,9453],{"class":162},[33,27271,3831],{"class":47},[33,27273,27274],{"class":1308},"     # 25\n",[33,27276,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27278,157],{"class":156},[33,27280,133],{"class":47},[33,27282,17459],{"class":162},[33,27284,3831],{"class":47},[33,27286,27287],{"class":1308},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[664,27289,672,27291,27293],{"id":27290},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[30,27292,27177],{}," when you only want deletion",[23,27295,27297],{"className":25,"code":27296,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[30,27298,27299,27335,27339,27355,27359],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27300,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27302,13358],{"class":39},[33,27304,44],{"class":43},[33,27306,10644],{"class":47},[33,27308,80],{"class":79},[33,27310,7827],{"class":83},[33,27312,80],{"class":79},[33,27314,3061],{"class":47},[33,27316,91],{"class":79},[33,27318,84],{"class":83},[33,27320,80],{"class":79},[33,27322,55],{"class":47},[33,27324,91],{"class":79},[33,27326,9453],{"class":83},[33,27328,80],{"class":79},[33,27330,3061],{"class":47},[33,27332,1196],{"class":51},[33,27334,9462],{"class":47},[33,27336,27337],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27338,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27340,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27342,27177],{"class":4046},[33,27344,13401],{"class":39},[33,27346,217],{"class":47},[33,27348,80],{"class":79},[33,27350,9453],{"class":83},[33,27352,80],{"class":79},[33,27354,66],{"class":47},[33,27356,27357],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27358,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27360,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27362,157],{"class":156},[33,27364,133],{"class":47},[33,27366,17459],{"class":162},[33,27368,3831],{"class":47},[33,27370,27287],{"class":1308},[14,27372,27373],{},"Difference:",[316,27375,27376,27381],{},[319,27377,27378,27380],{},[30,27379,12916],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[319,27382,27383,27385],{},[30,27384,27177],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27387,27388,27389,310],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[273,27390,12727],{"href":12726},[18,27392,27394,27395],{"id":27393},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[30,27396,19840],{},[14,27398,27399],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[664,27401,27403],{"id":27402},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[23,27405,27407],{"className":25,"code":27406,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[30,27408,27409,27434,27438,27464,27468,27480],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27410,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27430,27432],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27412,11877],{"class":39},[33,27414,44],{"class":43},[33,27416,10644],{"class":47},[33,27418,80],{"class":79},[33,27420,7827],{"class":83},[33,27422,80],{"class":79},[33,27424,3061],{"class":47},[33,27426,91],{"class":79},[33,27428,27429],{"class":83},"Sara",[33,27431,80],{"class":79},[33,27433,9462],{"class":47},[33,27435,27436],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27437,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27439,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27441,2622],{"class":39},[33,27443,44],{"class":43},[33,27445,11919],{"class":39},[33,27447,310],{"class":47},[33,27449,26393],{"class":162},[33,27451,133],{"class":47},[33,27453,80],{"class":79},[33,27455,9453],{"class":83},[33,27457,80],{"class":79},[33,27459,55],{"class":47},[33,27461,4022],{"class":398},[33,27463,143],{"class":47},[33,27465,27466],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27467,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27469,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27471,157],{"class":156},[33,27473,133],{"class":47},[33,27475,2647],{"class":162},[33,27477,3831],{"class":47},[33,27479,20714],{"class":1308},[33,27481,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27483,157],{"class":156},[33,27485,133],{"class":47},[33,27487,11601],{"class":162},[33,27489,3831],{"class":47},[33,27491,27492],{"class":1308}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27494,27495],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[664,27497,27499],{"id":27498},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[23,27501,27503],{"className":25,"code":27502,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[30,27504,27505,27529,27533,27549,27572,27582,27589],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27506,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27508,11877],{"class":39},[33,27510,44],{"class":43},[33,27512,10644],{"class":47},[33,27514,80],{"class":79},[33,27516,7827],{"class":83},[33,27518,80],{"class":79},[33,27520,3061],{"class":47},[33,27522,91],{"class":79},[33,27524,27429],{"class":83},[33,27526,80],{"class":79},[33,27528,9462],{"class":47},[33,27530,27531],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27532,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27534,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27536,7156],{"class":4046},[33,27538,91],{"class":79},[33,27540,9453],{"class":83},[33,27542,80],{"class":79},[33,27544,21327],{"class":43},[33,27546,11919],{"class":39},[33,27548,6553],{"class":47},[33,27550,27551,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27552,27553],{"class":39},"    value ",[33,27555,44],{"class":43},[33,27557,11919],{"class":39},[33,27559,310],{"class":47},[33,27561,26393],{"class":162},[33,27563,133],{"class":47},[33,27565,80],{"class":79},[33,27567,9453],{"class":83},[33,27569,80],{"class":79},[33,27571,143],{"class":47},[33,27573,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27575,8227],{"class":156},[33,27577,133],{"class":47},[33,27579,2647],{"class":162},[33,27581,143],{"class":47},[33,27583,27584,27587],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27585,27586],{"class":4046},"else",[33,27588,6553],{"class":47},[33,27590,27591,27593,27595,27597,27600,27602],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,27592,8227],{"class":156},[33,27594,133],{"class":47},[33,27596,80],{"class":79},[33,27598,27599],{"class":83},"Key not found",[33,27601,80],{"class":79},[33,27603,143],{"class":47},[664,27605,27607,27608,27610],{"id":27606},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[30,27609,10894],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[23,27612,27614],{"className":25,"code":27613,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[30,27615,27616,27640,27644,27670,27674,27686],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27617,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27619,11877],{"class":39},[33,27621,44],{"class":43},[33,27623,10644],{"class":47},[33,27625,80],{"class":79},[33,27627,7827],{"class":83},[33,27629,80],{"class":79},[33,27631,3061],{"class":47},[33,27633,91],{"class":79},[33,27635,27429],{"class":83},[33,27637,80],{"class":79},[33,27639,9462],{"class":47},[33,27641,27642],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27643,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27647,2622],{"class":39},[33,27649,44],{"class":43},[33,27651,11919],{"class":39},[33,27653,310],{"class":47},[33,27655,19903],{"class":162},[33,27657,133],{"class":47},[33,27659,80],{"class":79},[33,27661,9453],{"class":83},[33,27663,80],{"class":79},[33,27665,55],{"class":47},[33,27667,4022],{"class":398},[33,27669,143],{"class":47},[33,27671,27672],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27673,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27675,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27677,157],{"class":156},[33,27679,133],{"class":47},[33,27681,2647],{"class":162},[33,27683,3831],{"class":47},[33,27685,20714],{"class":1308},[33,27687,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27689,157],{"class":156},[33,27691,133],{"class":47},[33,27693,11601],{"class":162},[33,27695,3831],{"class":47},[33,27697,27492],{"class":1308},[14,27699,672,27700,27704,27705,310],{},[273,27701,27702],{"href":10890},[30,27703,26982],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[273,27706,11414],{"href":11227},[18,27708,1288],{"id":1287},[14,27710,27711,27712,310],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[30,27713,12722],{},[664,27715,25928,27717,27719],{"id":27716},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[30,27718,12916],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27721,27722],{},"Lists use indexes:",[23,27724,27726],{"className":25,"code":27725,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[30,27727,27728,27748],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27729,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27731,40],{"class":39},[33,27733,44],{"class":43},[33,27735,48],{"class":47},[33,27737,538],{"class":51},[33,27739,55],{"class":47},[33,27741,7949],{"class":51},[33,27743,55],{"class":47},[33,27745,7954],{"class":51},[33,27747,66],{"class":47},[33,27749,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27751,157],{"class":156},[33,27753,133],{"class":47},[33,27755,163],{"class":162},[33,27757,310],{"class":47},[33,27759,26393],{"class":162},[33,27761,133],{"class":47},[33,27763,52],{"class":51},[33,27765,5522],{"class":47},[33,27767,27768],{"class":1308},"  # 20\n",[14,27770,27771],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[23,27773,27775],{"className":25,"code":27774,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[30,27776,27777,27813],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27778,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27780,13358],{"class":39},[33,27782,44],{"class":43},[33,27784,10644],{"class":47},[33,27786,80],{"class":79},[33,27788,7827],{"class":83},[33,27790,80],{"class":79},[33,27792,3061],{"class":47},[33,27794,91],{"class":79},[33,27796,84],{"class":83},[33,27798,80],{"class":79},[33,27800,55],{"class":47},[33,27802,91],{"class":79},[33,27804,9453],{"class":83},[33,27806,80],{"class":79},[33,27808,3061],{"class":47},[33,27810,1196],{"class":51},[33,27812,9462],{"class":47},[33,27814,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27816,157],{"class":156},[33,27818,133],{"class":47},[33,27820,17459],{"class":162},[33,27822,310],{"class":47},[33,27824,26393],{"class":162},[33,27826,133],{"class":47},[33,27828,80],{"class":79},[33,27830,9453],{"class":83},[33,27832,80],{"class":79},[33,27834,5522],{"class":47},[33,27836,27837],{"class":1308},"  # 25\n",[14,27839,27840,27841,27843,27844,27846],{},"A dictionary does ",[205,27842,4796],{}," use positions with ",[30,27845,12916],{},". It uses keys.",[664,27848,4870,27850,27852],{"id":27849},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[30,27851,12916],{}," changes the original dictionary",[23,27854,27856],{"className":25,"code":27855,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[30,27857,27858,27890,27894,27916,27920,27933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27859,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27861,1181],{"class":39},[33,27863,44],{"class":43},[33,27865,10644],{"class":47},[33,27867,80],{"class":79},[33,27869,2351],{"class":83},[33,27871,80],{"class":79},[33,27873,3061],{"class":47},[33,27875,1119],{"class":51},[33,27877,55],{"class":47},[33,27879,91],{"class":79},[33,27881,11898],{"class":83},[33,27883,80],{"class":79},[33,27885,3061],{"class":47},[33,27887,58],{"class":51},[33,27889,9462],{"class":47},[33,27891,27892],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27893,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27895,27896,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27897,2622],{"class":39},[33,27899,44],{"class":43},[33,27901,14720],{"class":39},[33,27903,310],{"class":47},[33,27905,26393],{"class":162},[33,27907,133],{"class":47},[33,27909,80],{"class":79},[33,27911,2351],{"class":83},[33,27913,80],{"class":79},[33,27915,143],{"class":47},[33,27917,27918],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27919,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27921,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,27923,157],{"class":156},[33,27925,133],{"class":47},[33,27927,2647],{"class":162},[33,27929,3831],{"class":47},[33,27931,27932],{"class":1308},"  # 1\n",[33,27934,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,27936,157],{"class":156},[33,27938,133],{"class":47},[33,27940,1230],{"class":162},[33,27942,3831],{"class":47},[33,27944,27945],{"class":1308},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27947,27948,27949,27951],{},"After ",[30,27950,12916],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[664,27953,1357,27955,27957],{"id":27954},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[30,27956,12916],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[23,27959,27961],{"className":25,"code":27960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[30,27962,27963,27987,27991,27996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,27964,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,27966,1181],{"class":39},[33,27968,44],{"class":43},[33,27970,10644],{"class":47},[33,27972,80],{"class":79},[33,27974,7827],{"class":83},[33,27976,80],{"class":79},[33,27978,3061],{"class":47},[33,27980,91],{"class":79},[33,27982,8079],{"class":83},[33,27984,80],{"class":79},[33,27986,9462],{"class":47},[33,27988,27989],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,27990,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,27992,27993],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,27994,27995],{"class":1308},"# This causes an error\n",[33,27997,27998],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,27999,28000],{"class":1308},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28002,28003],{},"Safer version:",[23,28005,28007],{"className":25,"code":28006,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[30,28008,28009,28033,28037],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28010,28011,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28012,1181],{"class":39},[33,28014,44],{"class":43},[33,28016,10644],{"class":47},[33,28018,80],{"class":79},[33,28020,7827],{"class":83},[33,28022,80],{"class":79},[33,28024,3061],{"class":47},[33,28026,91],{"class":79},[33,28028,8079],{"class":83},[33,28030,80],{"class":79},[33,28032,9462],{"class":47},[33,28034,28035],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28036,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28038,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28040,157],{"class":156},[33,28042,133],{"class":47},[33,28044,1230],{"class":162},[33,28046,310],{"class":47},[33,28048,26393],{"class":162},[33,28050,133],{"class":47},[33,28052,80],{"class":79},[33,28054,9453],{"class":83},[33,28056,80],{"class":79},[33,28058,55],{"class":47},[33,28060,91],{"class":79},[33,28062,26925],{"class":83},[33,28064,80],{"class":79},[33,28066,5522],{"class":47},[33,28068,26961],{"class":1308},[664,28070,1487,28072,28074],{"id":28071},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[30,28073,12916],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[23,28076,28078],{"className":25,"code":28077,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[30,28079,28080,28112,28116,28138,28142,28154],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28081,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28083,1181],{"class":39},[33,28085,44],{"class":43},[33,28087,10644],{"class":47},[33,28089,80],{"class":79},[33,28091,273],{"class":83},[33,28093,80],{"class":79},[33,28095,3061],{"class":47},[33,28097,1119],{"class":51},[33,28099,55],{"class":47},[33,28101,91],{"class":79},[33,28103,282],{"class":83},[33,28105,80],{"class":79},[33,28107,3061],{"class":47},[33,28109,58],{"class":51},[33,28111,9462],{"class":47},[33,28113,28114],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28115,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28117,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28119,1506],{"class":39},[33,28121,44],{"class":43},[33,28123,14720],{"class":39},[33,28125,310],{"class":47},[33,28127,26393],{"class":162},[33,28129,133],{"class":47},[33,28131,80],{"class":79},[33,28133,273],{"class":83},[33,28135,80],{"class":79},[33,28137,143],{"class":47},[33,28139,28140],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,28141,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28143,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,28145,157],{"class":156},[33,28147,133],{"class":47},[33,28149,1530],{"class":162},[33,28151,3831],{"class":47},[33,28153,27932],{"class":1308},[33,28155,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,28157,157],{"class":156},[33,28159,133],{"class":47},[33,28161,1230],{"class":162},[33,28163,3831],{"class":47},[33,28165,28166],{"class":1308},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28168,28169],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[18,28171,28173],{"id":28172},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28175,28176,28177,28179],{},"Problems with ",[30,28178,12722],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[316,28181,28182,28185,28194,28197],{},[319,28183,28184],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[319,28186,28187,28188,28191,28192],{},"Mixing up list ",[30,28189,28190],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[30,28193,26489],{},[319,28195,28196],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[319,28198,28199,28200,1361,28202],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[30,28201,52],{},[30,28203,28204],{},"\"1\"",[14,28206,28207],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[23,28209,28211],{"className":25,"code":28210,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[30,28212,28213,28237,28241,28271],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28214,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28216,1181],{"class":39},[33,28218,44],{"class":43},[33,28220,10644],{"class":47},[33,28222,80],{"class":79},[33,28224,52],{"class":83},[33,28226,80],{"class":79},[33,28228,3061],{"class":47},[33,28230,91],{"class":79},[33,28232,6743],{"class":83},[33,28234,80],{"class":79},[33,28236,9462],{"class":47},[33,28238,28239],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28240,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28242,28243,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28264,28266,28268],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28244,157],{"class":156},[33,28246,133],{"class":47},[33,28248,1230],{"class":162},[33,28250,310],{"class":47},[33,28252,26393],{"class":162},[33,28254,133],{"class":47},[33,28256,52],{"class":51},[33,28258,55],{"class":47},[33,28260,91],{"class":79},[33,28262,28263],{"class":83},"not found",[33,28265,80],{"class":79},[33,28267,5522],{"class":47},[33,28269,28270],{"class":1308},"    # not found\n",[33,28272,28273,28275,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,28274,157],{"class":156},[33,28276,133],{"class":47},[33,28278,1230],{"class":162},[33,28280,310],{"class":47},[33,28282,26393],{"class":162},[33,28284,133],{"class":47},[33,28286,80],{"class":79},[33,28288,52],{"class":83},[33,28290,80],{"class":79},[33,28292,55],{"class":47},[33,28294,91],{"class":79},[33,28296,28263],{"class":83},[33,28298,80],{"class":79},[33,28300,5522],{"class":47},[33,28302,28303],{"class":1308},"  # one\n",[14,28305,28306,2030,28308,28310],{},[30,28307,52],{},[30,28309,28204],{}," are different keys.",[18,28312,9028],{"id":9027},[14,28314,9031,28315,28317],{},[30,28316,12916],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[23,28319,28321],{"className":25,"code":28320,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[30,28322,28323,28333,28347,28365,28395],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28324,28325,28327,28329,28331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28326,157],{"class":156},[33,28328,133],{"class":47},[33,28330,11601],{"class":162},[33,28332,143],{"class":47},[33,28334,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28336,157],{"class":156},[33,28338,133],{"class":47},[33,28340,11601],{"class":162},[33,28342,310],{"class":47},[33,28344,17076],{"class":162},[33,28346,7353],{"class":47},[33,28348,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28350,157],{"class":156},[33,28352,133],{"class":47},[33,28354,236],{"class":79},[33,28356,7827],{"class":83},[33,28358,236],{"class":79},[33,28360,21327],{"class":4046},[33,28362,11919],{"class":162},[33,28364,143],{"class":47},[33,28366,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,28368,157],{"class":156},[33,28370,133],{"class":47},[33,28372,11601],{"class":162},[33,28374,310],{"class":47},[33,28376,26393],{"class":162},[33,28378,133],{"class":47},[33,28380,236],{"class":79},[33,28382,7827],{"class":83},[33,28384,236],{"class":79},[33,28386,55],{"class":47},[33,28388,245],{"class":79},[33,28390,26925],{"class":83},[33,28392,236],{"class":79},[33,28394,733],{"class":47},[33,28396,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,28398,157],{"class":156},[33,28400,133],{"class":47},[33,28402,1406],{"class":129},[33,28404,133],{"class":47},[33,28406,11601],{"class":162},[33,28408,733],{"class":47},[14,28410,21490],{},[316,28412,28413,28418,28423,28428,28434],{},[319,28414,28415,28417],{},[30,28416,12832],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[319,28419,28420,28422],{},[30,28421,21502],{}," shows all available keys",[319,28424,28425,28427],{},[30,28426,21508],{}," checks whether a key exists",[319,28429,28430,28433],{},[30,28431,28432],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[319,28435,28436,28438],{},[30,28437,12838],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28440,28441,28442,310],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[273,28443,9545],{"href":9544},[18,28445,1961],{"id":1960},[664,28447,28449,28450,28452],{"id":28448},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[30,28451,12916],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28454,28455],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[664,28457,28459],{"id":28458},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28461,28462,26690,28464,28466,28467,28469],{},[30,28463,26489],{},[30,28465,19840],{},". ",[30,28468,26493],{}," returns the default value instead.",[664,28471,12857,28473,15050],{"id":28472},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[30,28474,12916],{},[14,28476,28477],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[664,28479,28481,28482,28484],{"id":28480},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[30,28483,12916],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28486,28487,28488,28490,28491,310],{},"Not with ",[30,28489,12722],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[273,28492,28493],{"href":12733},[30,28494,12923],{},[664,28496,2027,28498,2030,28500,2033],{"id":28497},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[30,28499,10894],{},[30,28501,12916],{},[14,28503,28504,28506,28507,28509],{},[30,28505,10894],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[30,28508,12916],{}," reads and removes it.",[18,28511,2045],{"id":2044},[316,28513,28514,28520,28527,28531,28535,28539],{},[319,28515,28516],{},[273,28517,28518],{"href":10890},[30,28519,19821],{},[319,28521,28522],{},[273,28523,28524],{"href":12733},[30,28525,28526],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[319,28528,28529],{},[273,28530,12940],{"href":12726},[319,28532,28533],{},[273,28534,21611],{"href":16749},[319,28536,28537],{},[273,28538,11414],{"href":11227},[319,28540,28541],{},[273,28542,28544],{"href":28543},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2097,28546,28547],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":28549},[28550,28551,28553,28554,28555,28557,28564,28571,28581,28582,28583,28594],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":26500,"depth":69,"text":28552},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":26985,"depth":69,"text":28556},"When to use pop()",{"id":27172,"depth":69,"text":28558,"children":28559},"pop() vs del",[28560,28562],{"id":27187,"depth":110,"text":28561},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27290,"depth":110,"text":28563},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27393,"depth":69,"text":28565,"children":28566},"How to avoid KeyError",[28567,28568,28569],{"id":27402,"depth":110,"text":27403},{"id":27498,"depth":110,"text":27499},{"id":27606,"depth":110,"text":28570},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":28572},[28573,28575,28577,28579],{"id":27716,"depth":110,"text":28574},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27849,"depth":110,"text":28576},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27954,"depth":110,"text":28578},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28071,"depth":110,"text":28580},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28172,"depth":69,"text":28173},{"id":9027,"depth":69,"text":9028},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":28584},[28585,28587,28588,28590,28592],{"id":28448,"depth":110,"text":28586},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28458,"depth":110,"text":28459},{"id":28472,"depth":110,"text":28589},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28480,"depth":110,"text":28591},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28497,"depth":110,"text":28593},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26321,"description":28595},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28602,"title":28526,"body":28603,"description":30543,"extension":2138,"meta":30544,"navigation":149,"path":30545,"seo":30546,"stem":30547,"__hash__":30548},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28604,"toc":30507},[28605,28610,28615,28618,28626,28636,28638,28727,28731,28780,28785,28790,28794,28810,28813,28815,28830,28832,28848,28855,28859,28865,28874,28876,28945,28949,28970,28973,28992,28995,29018,29020,29023,29138,29142,29201,29208,29212,29218,29343,29347,29397,29400,29404,29411,29413,29476,29480,29501,29504,29513,29528,29536,29543,29547,29559,29563,29574,29576,29722,29726,29785,29792,29797,29801,29807,29830,29835,29854,29858,29929,29936,30009,30018,30023,30028,30039,30042,30179,30184,30216,30221,30223,30227,30287,30290,30347,30350,30393,30395,30400,30406,30412,30415,30422,30430,30435,30438,30445,30453,30455,30504],[10,28606,11470,28608,2059],{"id":28607},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[30,28609,12923],{},[14,28611,2155,28612,28614],{},[30,28613,12923],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28616,28617],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[316,28619,28620,28623],{},[319,28621,28622],{},"remove an item",[319,28624,28625],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28627,28628,28629,28631,28632,28635],{},"In modern Python, ",[30,28630,12923],{}," removes the ",[205,28633,28634],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[18,28637,2180],{"id":2179},[23,28639,28641],{"className":25,"code":28640,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[30,28642,28643,28687,28703,28707,28717],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28644,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28646,1181],{"class":39},[33,28648,44],{"class":43},[33,28650,10644],{"class":47},[33,28652,80],{"class":79},[33,28654,273],{"class":83},[33,28656,80],{"class":79},[33,28658,3061],{"class":47},[33,28660,1119],{"class":51},[33,28662,55],{"class":47},[33,28664,91],{"class":79},[33,28666,282],{"class":83},[33,28668,80],{"class":79},[33,28670,3061],{"class":47},[33,28672,58],{"class":51},[33,28674,55],{"class":47},[33,28676,91],{"class":79},[33,28678,291],{"class":83},[33,28680,80],{"class":79},[33,28682,3061],{"class":47},[33,28684,63],{"class":51},[33,28686,9462],{"class":47},[33,28688,28689,28692,28694,28696,28698,28701],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28690,28691],{"class":39},"item ",[33,28693,44],{"class":43},[33,28695,14720],{"class":39},[33,28697,310],{"class":47},[33,28699,28700],{"class":162},"popitem",[33,28702,1671],{"class":47},[33,28704,28705],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28706,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28708,28709,28711,28713,28715],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,28710,157],{"class":156},[33,28712,133],{"class":47},[33,28714,23464],{"class":162},[33,28716,143],{"class":47},[33,28718,28719,28721,28723,28725],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,28720,157],{"class":156},[33,28722,133],{"class":47},[33,28724,1230],{"class":162},[33,28726,143],{"class":47},[14,28728,28729],{},[205,28730,207],{},[23,28732,28734],{"className":25,"code":28733,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[30,28735,28736,28752],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28737,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28739,133],{"class":47},[33,28741,236],{"class":79},[33,28743,291],{"class":83},[33,28745,236],{"class":79},[33,28747,55],{"class":47},[33,28749,63],{"class":51},[33,28751,143],{"class":47},[33,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28755,9432],{"class":47},[33,28757,236],{"class":79},[33,28759,273],{"class":83},[33,28761,236],{"class":79},[33,28763,3061],{"class":47},[33,28765,1119],{"class":51},[33,28767,55],{"class":47},[33,28769,245],{"class":79},[33,28771,282],{"class":83},[33,28773,236],{"class":79},[33,28775,3061],{"class":47},[33,28777,58],{"class":51},[33,28779,9462],{"class":47},[14,28781,28782,28784],{},[30,28783,12923],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[18,28786,3848,28788,3851],{"id":28787},"what-popitem-does",[30,28789,12923],{},[14,28791,28792,3061],{},[30,28793,12923],{},[316,28795,28796,28799,28804,28807],{},[319,28797,28798],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[319,28800,28801,28802],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[30,28803,21809],{},[319,28805,28806],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[319,28808,28809],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28811,28812],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[18,28814,2334],{"id":2333},[23,28816,28818],{"className":25,"code":28817,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[30,28819,28820],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28821,28822,28824,28826,28828],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28823,15756],{"class":39},[33,28825,310],{"class":47},[33,28827,28700],{"class":162},[33,28829,1671],{"class":47},[14,28831,11610],{},[316,28833,28834,28842,28845],{},[319,28835,28836,28838,28839],{},[30,28837,12923],{}," takes ",[205,28840,28841],{},"no arguments",[319,28843,28844],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[319,28846,28847],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28849,28850,28851,6789],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[273,28852,28853],{"href":12719},[30,28854,12916],{},[18,28856,28858],{"id":28857},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28860,28861,28862,28864],{},"The value returned by ",[30,28863,12923],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28866,28867,28868,28871],"ol",{},[319,28869,28870],{},"the key",[319,28872,28873],{},"the value",[14,28875,367],{},[23,28877,28879],{"className":25,"code":28878,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,28880,28881,28917,28931,28935],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28882,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28884,13358],{"class":39},[33,28886,44],{"class":43},[33,28888,10644],{"class":47},[33,28890,80],{"class":79},[33,28892,7827],{"class":83},[33,28894,80],{"class":79},[33,28896,3061],{"class":47},[33,28898,91],{"class":79},[33,28900,5169],{"class":83},[33,28902,80],{"class":79},[33,28904,55],{"class":47},[33,28906,91],{"class":79},[33,28908,9453],{"class":83},[33,28910,80],{"class":79},[33,28912,3061],{"class":47},[33,28914,1196],{"class":51},[33,28916,9462],{"class":47},[33,28918,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,28920,1506],{"class":39},[33,28922,44],{"class":43},[33,28924,13401],{"class":39},[33,28926,310],{"class":47},[33,28928,28700],{"class":162},[33,28930,1671],{"class":47},[33,28932,28933],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,28934,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,28936,28937,28939,28941,28943],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,28938,157],{"class":156},[33,28940,133],{"class":47},[33,28942,1530],{"class":162},[33,28944,143],{"class":47},[14,28946,28947],{},[205,28948,207],{},[23,28950,28952],{"className":25,"code":28951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('age', 25)\n",[30,28953,28954],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28955,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28957,133],{"class":47},[33,28959,236],{"class":79},[33,28961,9453],{"class":83},[33,28963,236],{"class":79},[33,28965,55],{"class":47},[33,28967,1196],{"class":51},[33,28969,143],{"class":47},[14,28971,28972],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[23,28974,28976],{"className":25,"code":28975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = person.popitem()\n",[30,28977,28978],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,28979,28980,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,28981,1506],{"class":39},[33,28983,44],{"class":43},[33,28985,13401],{"class":39},[33,28987,310],{"class":47},[33,28989,28700],{"class":162},[33,28991,1671],{"class":47},[14,28993,28994],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[23,28996,28998],{"className":25,"code":28997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[30,28999,29000],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29001,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29003,14995],{"class":39},[33,29005,55],{"class":47},[33,29007,21738],{"class":39},[33,29009,44],{"class":43},[33,29011,13401],{"class":39},[33,29013,310],{"class":47},[33,29015,28700],{"class":162},[33,29017,1671],{"class":47},[18,29019,11627],{"id":11626},[14,29021,29022],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[23,29024,29026],{"className":25,"code":29025,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[30,29027,29028,29076,29080,29095,29099,29119],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29029,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29060,29062,29064,29067,29069,29071,29074],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29031,5228],{"class":39},[33,29033,44],{"class":43},[33,29035,10644],{"class":47},[33,29037,80],{"class":79},[33,29039,29040],{"class":83},"Tom",[33,29042,80],{"class":79},[33,29044,3061],{"class":47},[33,29046,5240],{"class":51},[33,29048,55],{"class":47},[33,29050,91],{"class":79},[33,29052,84],{"class":83},[33,29054,80],{"class":79},[33,29056,3061],{"class":47},[33,29058,29059],{"class":51}," 95",[33,29061,55],{"class":47},[33,29063,91],{"class":79},[33,29065,29066],{"class":83},"Leo",[33,29068,80],{"class":79},[33,29070,3061],{"class":47},[33,29072,29073],{"class":51}," 88",[33,29075,9462],{"class":47},[33,29077,29078],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29079,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29081,29082,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29083,29084],{"class":39},"removed_pair ",[33,29086,44],{"class":43},[33,29088,5275],{"class":39},[33,29090,310],{"class":47},[33,29092,28700],{"class":162},[33,29094,1671],{"class":47},[33,29096,29097],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,29098,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29100,29101,29103,29105,29107,29110,29112,29114,29117],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,29102,157],{"class":156},[33,29104,133],{"class":47},[33,29106,80],{"class":79},[33,29108,29109],{"class":83},"Removed:",[33,29111,80],{"class":79},[33,29113,55],{"class":47},[33,29115,29116],{"class":162}," removed_pair",[33,29118,143],{"class":47},[33,29120,29121,29123,29125,29127,29130,29132,29134,29136],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,29122,157],{"class":156},[33,29124,133],{"class":47},[33,29126,80],{"class":79},[33,29128,29129],{"class":83},"After removal:",[33,29131,80],{"class":79},[33,29133,55],{"class":47},[33,29135,5275],{"class":162},[33,29137,143],{"class":47},[14,29139,29140],{},[205,29141,207],{},[23,29143,29145],{"className":25,"code":29144,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[30,29146,29147,29168],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29148,29149,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29150,29151],{"class":39},"Removed",[33,29153,3061],{"class":47},[33,29155,1381],{"class":47},[33,29157,236],{"class":79},[33,29159,29066],{"class":83},[33,29161,236],{"class":79},[33,29163,55],{"class":47},[33,29165,29073],{"class":51},[33,29167,143],{"class":47},[33,29169,29170,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29171,29172],{"class":39},"After removal",[33,29174,3061],{"class":47},[33,29176,10644],{"class":47},[33,29178,236],{"class":79},[33,29180,29040],{"class":83},[33,29182,236],{"class":79},[33,29184,3061],{"class":47},[33,29186,5240],{"class":51},[33,29188,55],{"class":47},[33,29190,245],{"class":79},[33,29192,84],{"class":83},[33,29194,236],{"class":79},[33,29196,3061],{"class":47},[33,29198,29059],{"class":51},[33,29200,9462],{"class":47},[14,29202,29203,29204,29207],{},"The last inserted item was ",[30,29205,29206],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[18,29209,29211],{"id":29210},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29213,29214,29215,29217],{},"Because ",[30,29216,12923],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[23,29219,29221],{"className":25,"code":29220,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[30,29222,29223,29259,29263,29282,29286,29305,29324],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29224,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29226,15599],{"class":39},[33,29228,44],{"class":43},[33,29230,10644],{"class":47},[33,29232,80],{"class":79},[33,29234,15610],{"class":83},[33,29236,80],{"class":79},[33,29238,3061],{"class":47},[33,29240,91],{"class":79},[33,29242,15619],{"class":83},[33,29244,80],{"class":79},[33,29246,55],{"class":47},[33,29248,91],{"class":79},[33,29250,15630],{"class":83},[33,29252,80],{"class":79},[33,29254,3061],{"class":47},[33,29256,27059],{"class":51},[33,29258,9462],{"class":47},[33,29260,29261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29262,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29264,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29276,29278,29280],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29266,14995],{"class":39},[33,29268,55],{"class":47},[33,29270,21738],{"class":39},[33,29272,44],{"class":43},[33,29274,29275],{"class":39}," book",[33,29277,310],{"class":47},[33,29279,28700],{"class":162},[33,29281,1671],{"class":47},[33,29283,29284],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,29285,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29287,29288,29290,29292,29294,29297,29299,29301,29303],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,29289,157],{"class":156},[33,29291,133],{"class":47},[33,29293,80],{"class":79},[33,29295,29296],{"class":83},"Key:",[33,29298,80],{"class":79},[33,29300,55],{"class":47},[33,29302,21733],{"class":162},[33,29304,143],{"class":47},[33,29306,29307,29309,29311,29313,29316,29318,29320,29322],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,29308,157],{"class":156},[33,29310,133],{"class":47},[33,29312,80],{"class":79},[33,29314,29315],{"class":83},"Value:",[33,29317,80],{"class":79},[33,29319,55],{"class":47},[33,29321,8589],{"class":162},[33,29323,143],{"class":47},[33,29325,29326,29328,29330,29332,29335,29337,29339,29341],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,29327,157],{"class":156},[33,29329,133],{"class":47},[33,29331,80],{"class":79},[33,29333,29334],{"class":83},"Dictionary:",[33,29336,80],{"class":79},[33,29338,55],{"class":47},[33,29340,29275],{"class":162},[33,29342,143],{"class":47},[14,29344,29345],{},[205,29346,207],{},[23,29348,29350],{"className":25,"code":29349,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[30,29351,29352,29362,29372],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29353,29354,29357,29359],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29355,29356],{"class":39},"Key",[33,29358,3061],{"class":47},[33,29360,29361],{"class":39}," pages\n",[33,29363,29364,29367,29369],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29365,29366],{"class":39},"Value",[33,29368,3061],{"class":47},[33,29370,29371],{"class":51}," 200\n",[33,29373,29374,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29375,29376],{"class":39},"Dictionary",[33,29378,3061],{"class":47},[33,29380,10644],{"class":47},[33,29382,236],{"class":79},[33,29384,15610],{"class":83},[33,29386,236],{"class":79},[33,29388,3061],{"class":47},[33,29390,245],{"class":79},[33,29392,15619],{"class":83},[33,29394,236],{"class":79},[33,29396,9462],{"class":47},[14,29398,29399],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[18,29401,29403],{"id":29402},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29405,29406,29407,28631,29409,310],{},"In current Python versions, ",[30,29408,12923],{},[205,29410,28634],{},[14,29412,367],{},[23,29414,29416],{"className":25,"code":29415,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[30,29417,29418,29462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29419,29420,29422,29424,29426,29428,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29421,1181],{"class":39},[33,29423,44],{"class":43},[33,29425,10644],{"class":47},[33,29427,80],{"class":79},[33,29429,2351],{"class":83},[33,29431,80],{"class":79},[33,29433,3061],{"class":47},[33,29435,1119],{"class":51},[33,29437,55],{"class":47},[33,29439,91],{"class":79},[33,29441,11898],{"class":83},[33,29443,80],{"class":79},[33,29445,3061],{"class":47},[33,29447,58],{"class":51},[33,29449,55],{"class":47},[33,29451,91],{"class":79},[33,29453,22231],{"class":83},[33,29455,80],{"class":79},[33,29457,3061],{"class":47},[33,29459,63],{"class":51},[33,29461,9462],{"class":47},[33,29463,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29465,157],{"class":156},[33,29467,133],{"class":47},[33,29469,1230],{"class":162},[33,29471,310],{"class":47},[33,29473,28700],{"class":162},[33,29475,7353],{"class":47},[14,29477,29478],{},[205,29479,207],{},[23,29481,29483],{"className":25,"code":29482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('z', 3)\n",[30,29484,29485],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29486,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29488,133],{"class":47},[33,29490,236],{"class":79},[33,29492,22231],{"class":83},[33,29494,236],{"class":79},[33,29496,55],{"class":47},[33,29498,63],{"class":51},[33,29500,143],{"class":47},[14,29502,29503],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29505,29506,29507,29509,29510,29512],{},"As a beginner, do ",[205,29508,4796],{}," think of ",[30,29511,12923],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29514,29515,29516,1931,29520,1938,29524,310],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[273,29517,29518],{"href":17227},[30,29519,17230],{},[273,29521,29522],{"href":17215},[30,29523,17218],{},[273,29525,29526],{"href":17221},[30,29527,17224],{},[18,29529,29531,29532,2030,29534],{"id":29530},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[30,29533,12923],{},[30,29535,12916],{},[14,29537,29538,2030,29540,29542],{},[30,29539,12923],{},[30,29541,12916],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[664,29544,29545],{"id":28700},[30,29546,12923],{},[316,29548,29549,29552,29555],{},[319,29550,29551],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[319,29553,29554],{},"does not need a key argument",[319,29556,3863,29557],{},[30,29558,21809],{},[664,29560,29561],{"id":26393},[30,29562,12916],{},[316,29564,29565,29568,29571],{},[319,29566,29567],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[319,29569,29570],{},"needs the key name",[319,29572,29573],{},"returns only the value",[14,29575,367],{},[23,29577,29579],{"className":25,"code":29578,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,29580,29581,29625,29629,29643,29663,29667,29689,29708,29712],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29582,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29584,1181],{"class":39},[33,29586,44],{"class":43},[33,29588,10644],{"class":47},[33,29590,80],{"class":79},[33,29592,273],{"class":83},[33,29594,80],{"class":79},[33,29596,3061],{"class":47},[33,29598,1119],{"class":51},[33,29600,55],{"class":47},[33,29602,91],{"class":79},[33,29604,282],{"class":83},[33,29606,80],{"class":79},[33,29608,3061],{"class":47},[33,29610,58],{"class":51},[33,29612,55],{"class":47},[33,29614,91],{"class":79},[33,29616,291],{"class":83},[33,29618,80],{"class":79},[33,29620,3061],{"class":47},[33,29622,63],{"class":51},[33,29624,9462],{"class":47},[33,29626,29627],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29628,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29630,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29632,28691],{"class":39},[33,29634,44],{"class":43},[33,29636,14720],{"class":39},[33,29638,310],{"class":47},[33,29640,28700],{"class":162},[33,29642,1671],{"class":47},[33,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651,29654,29656,29658,29661],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,29646,157],{"class":156},[33,29648,133],{"class":47},[33,29650,80],{"class":79},[33,29652,29653],{"class":83},"popitem():",[33,29655,80],{"class":79},[33,29657,55],{"class":47},[33,29659,29660],{"class":162}," item",[33,29662,143],{"class":47},[33,29664,29665],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,29666,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29668,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,29670,2622],{"class":39},[33,29672,44],{"class":43},[33,29674,14720],{"class":39},[33,29676,310],{"class":47},[33,29678,26393],{"class":162},[33,29680,133],{"class":47},[33,29682,80],{"class":79},[33,29684,273],{"class":83},[33,29686,80],{"class":79},[33,29688,143],{"class":47},[33,29690,29691,29693,29695,29697,29700,29702,29704,29706],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,29692,157],{"class":156},[33,29694,133],{"class":47},[33,29696,80],{"class":79},[33,29698,29699],{"class":83},"pop('a'):",[33,29701,80],{"class":79},[33,29703,55],{"class":47},[33,29705,8589],{"class":162},[33,29707,143],{"class":47},[33,29709,29710],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,29711,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29713,29714,29716,29718,29720],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,29715,157],{"class":156},[33,29717,133],{"class":47},[33,29719,1230],{"class":162},[33,29721,143],{"class":47},[14,29723,29724],{},[205,29725,207],{},[23,29727,29729],{"className":25,"code":29728,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[30,29730,29731,29752,29769],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29732,29733,29735,29738,29740,29742,29744,29746,29748,29750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29734,28700],{"class":162},[33,29736,29737],{"class":47},"():",[33,29739,1381],{"class":47},[33,29741,236],{"class":79},[33,29743,291],{"class":83},[33,29745,236],{"class":79},[33,29747,55],{"class":47},[33,29749,63],{"class":51},[33,29751,143],{"class":47},[33,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764,29766],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29755,26393],{"class":162},[33,29757,133],{"class":47},[33,29759,236],{"class":79},[33,29761,273],{"class":83},[33,29763,236],{"class":79},[33,29765,16604],{"class":47},[33,29767,29768],{"class":51}," 1\n",[33,29770,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29772,9432],{"class":47},[33,29774,236],{"class":79},[33,29776,282],{"class":83},[33,29778,236],{"class":79},[33,29780,3061],{"class":47},[33,29782,58],{"class":51},[33,29784,9462],{"class":47},[14,29786,672,29787,29791],{},[273,29788,29789],{"href":12719},[30,29790,12916],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29793,672,29794,29796],{},[30,29795,12923],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[18,29798,29800],{"id":29799},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29802,29803,29804,29806],{},"Calling ",[30,29805,12923],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[23,29808,29810],{"className":25,"code":29809,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[30,29811,29812,29820],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29813,29814,29816,29818],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29815,1181],{"class":39},[33,29817,44],{"class":43},[33,29819,9991],{"class":47},[33,29821,29822,29824,29826,29828],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29823,1230],{"class":39},[33,29825,310],{"class":47},[33,29827,28700],{"class":162},[33,29829,1671],{"class":47},[14,29831,29832],{},[205,29833,29834],{},"Error:",[23,29836,29838],{"className":25,"code":29837,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[30,29839,29840],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848,29851],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29843,19840],{"class":129},[33,29845,3061],{"class":47},[33,29847,245],{"class":79},[33,29849,29850],{"class":83},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,29852,29853],{"class":79},"'\n",[664,29855,29857],{"id":29856},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[23,29859,29861],{"className":25,"code":29860,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[30,29862,29863,29871,29875,29883,29898,29908,29914],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29864,29865,29867,29869],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29866,1181],{"class":39},[33,29868,44],{"class":43},[33,29870,9991],{"class":47},[33,29872,29873],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29874,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29876,29877,29879,29881],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29878,7156],{"class":4046},[33,29880,14720],{"class":39},[33,29882,6553],{"class":47},[33,29884,29885,29888,29890,29892,29894,29896],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,29886,29887],{"class":39},"    item ",[33,29889,44],{"class":43},[33,29891,14720],{"class":39},[33,29893,310],{"class":47},[33,29895,28700],{"class":162},[33,29897,1671],{"class":47},[33,29899,29900,29902,29904,29906],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,29901,8227],{"class":156},[33,29903,133],{"class":47},[33,29905,23464],{"class":162},[33,29907,143],{"class":47},[33,29909,29910,29912],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,29911,27586],{"class":4046},[33,29913,6553],{"class":47},[33,29915,29916,29918,29920,29922,29925,29927],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,29917,8227],{"class":156},[33,29919,133],{"class":47},[33,29921,80],{"class":79},[33,29923,29924],{"class":83},"Dictionary is empty",[33,29926,80],{"class":79},[33,29928,143],{"class":47},[664,29930,29932,29933],{"id":29931},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[30,29934,29935],{},"try-except",[23,29937,29939],{"className":25,"code":29938,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[30,29940,29941,29949,29953,29960,29974,29984,29994],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,29942,29943,29945,29947],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,29944,1181],{"class":39},[33,29946,44],{"class":43},[33,29948,9991],{"class":47},[33,29950,29951],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,29952,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,29954,29955,29958],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,29956,29957],{"class":4046},"try",[33,29959,6553],{"class":47},[33,29961,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,29963,29887],{"class":39},[33,29965,44],{"class":43},[33,29967,14720],{"class":39},[33,29969,310],{"class":47},[33,29971,28700],{"class":162},[33,29973,1671],{"class":47},[33,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,29977,8227],{"class":156},[33,29979,133],{"class":47},[33,29981,23464],{"class":162},[33,29983,143],{"class":47},[33,29985,29986,29989,29992],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,29987,29988],{"class":4046},"except",[33,29990,29991],{"class":129}," KeyError",[33,29993,6553],{"class":47},[33,29995,29996,29998,30000,30002,30005,30007],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,29997,8227],{"class":156},[33,29999,133],{"class":47},[33,30001,80],{"class":79},[33,30003,30004],{"class":83},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[33,30006,80],{"class":79},[33,30008,143],{"class":47},[14,30010,30011,30012,310],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[273,30013,25833,30015],{"href":30014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[30,30016,30017],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[18,30019,5127,30021],{"id":30020},"when-to-use-popitem",[30,30022,12923],{},[14,30024,30025,30027],{},[30,30026,12923],{}," is useful when:",[316,30029,30030,30033,30036],{},[319,30031,30032],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[319,30034,30035],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[319,30037,30038],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30040,30041],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[23,30043,30045],{"className":25,"code":30044,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[30,30046,30047,30056,30076,30096,30114,30118,30122,30132,30151],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30048,30049,30052,30054],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30050,30051],{"class":39},"tasks ",[33,30053,44],{"class":43},[33,30055,11645],{"class":47},[33,30057,30058,30060,30063,30065,30067,30069,30072,30074],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30059,11650],{"class":79},[33,30061,30062],{"class":83},"first",[33,30064,80],{"class":79},[33,30066,3061],{"class":47},[33,30068,91],{"class":79},[33,30070,30071],{"class":83},"wash dishes",[33,30073,80],{"class":79},[33,30075,11666],{"class":47},[33,30077,30078,30080,30083,30085,30087,30089,30092,30094],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30079,11650],{"class":79},[33,30081,30082],{"class":83},"second",[33,30084,80],{"class":79},[33,30086,3061],{"class":47},[33,30088,91],{"class":79},[33,30090,30091],{"class":83},"do homework",[33,30093,80],{"class":79},[33,30095,11666],{"class":47},[33,30097,30098,30100,30103,30105,30107,30109,30112],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,30099,11650],{"class":79},[33,30101,30102],{"class":83},"third",[33,30104,80],{"class":79},[33,30106,3061],{"class":47},[33,30108,91],{"class":79},[33,30110,30111],{"class":83},"read book",[33,30113,3532],{"class":79},[33,30115,30116],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,30117,9462],{"class":47},[33,30119,30120],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,30121,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,30123,30124,30127,30130],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,30125,30126],{"class":4046},"while",[33,30128,30129],{"class":39}," tasks",[33,30131,6553],{"class":47},[33,30133,30134,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,30135,30136],{"class":39},"    key",[33,30138,55],{"class":47},[33,30140,21738],{"class":39},[33,30142,44],{"class":43},[33,30144,30129],{"class":39},[33,30146,310],{"class":47},[33,30148,28700],{"class":162},[33,30150,1671],{"class":47},[33,30152,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,30154,8227],{"class":156},[33,30156,133],{"class":47},[33,30158,22448],{"class":1430},[33,30160,80],{"class":83},[33,30162,9432],{"class":51},[33,30164,14995],{"class":162},[33,30166,22457],{"class":51},[33,30168,22460],{"class":83},[33,30170,9432],{"class":51},[33,30172,2647],{"class":162},[33,30174,22457],{"class":51},[33,30176,80],{"class":83},[33,30178,143],{"class":47},[14,30180,30181],{},[205,30182,30183],{},"Possible output:",[23,30185,30187],{"className":25,"code":30186,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[30,30188,30189,30198,30207],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30190,30191,30193,30195],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30192,30102],{"class":39},[33,30194,3061],{"class":47},[33,30196,30197],{"class":39}," read book\n",[33,30199,30200,30202,30204],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30201,30082],{"class":39},[33,30203,3061],{"class":47},[33,30205,30206],{"class":39}," do homework\n",[33,30208,30209,30211,30213],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30210,30062],{"class":39},[33,30212,3061],{"class":47},[33,30214,30215],{"class":39}," wash dishes\n",[14,30217,29214,30218,30220],{},[30,30219,12923],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[18,30222,3006],{"id":3005},[14,30224,14887,30225,3061],{},[30,30226,12923],{},[316,30228,30229,30243,30262,30273],{},[319,30230,30231,30236],{},[205,30232,29803,30233,30235],{},[30,30234,12923],{}," on an empty dictionary",[316,30237,30238],{},[319,30239,30240,30241,310],{},"This raises ",[30,30242,19840],{},[319,30244,30245,30250],{},[205,30246,1487,30247,30249],{},[30,30248,12923],{}," to remove a specific key",[316,30251,30252,30255],{},[319,30253,30254],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[319,30256,672,30257,30261],{},[273,30258,30259],{"href":12719},[30,30260,12916],{}," if you need that.",[319,30263,30264,30268],{},[205,30265,4870,30266,27852],{},[30,30267,12923],{},[316,30269,30270],{},[319,30271,30272],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[319,30274,30275,30278],{},[205,30276,30277],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[316,30279,30280],{},[319,30281,30282,22129,30284,30286],{},[30,30283,12923],{},[30,30285,21809],{}," tuple.",[14,30288,30289],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[23,30291,30293],{"className":25,"code":30292,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[30,30294,30295,30305,30319,30323,30337],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30296,30297,30299,30301,30303],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30298,157],{"class":156},[33,30300,133],{"class":47},[33,30302,11601],{"class":162},[33,30304,143],{"class":47},[33,30306,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30308,157],{"class":156},[33,30310,133],{"class":47},[33,30312,726],{"class":156},[33,30314,133],{"class":47},[33,30316,11601],{"class":162},[33,30318,733],{"class":47},[33,30320,30321],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30322,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,30324,30325,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,30326,28691],{"class":39},[33,30328,44],{"class":43},[33,30330,11919],{"class":39},[33,30332,310],{"class":47},[33,30334,28700],{"class":162},[33,30336,1671],{"class":47},[33,30338,30339,30341,30343,30345],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,30340,157],{"class":156},[33,30342,133],{"class":47},[33,30344,23464],{"class":162},[33,30346,143],{"class":47},[14,30348,30349],{},"Or with unpacking:",[23,30351,30353],{"className":25,"code":30352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[30,30354,30355,30373,30383],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30358,14995],{"class":39},[33,30360,55],{"class":47},[33,30362,21738],{"class":39},[33,30364,44],{"class":43},[33,30366,11919],{"class":39},[33,30368,310],{"class":47},[33,30370,28700],{"class":162},[33,30372,1671],{"class":47},[33,30374,30375,30377,30379,30381],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30376,157],{"class":156},[33,30378,133],{"class":47},[33,30380,14995],{"class":162},[33,30382,143],{"class":47},[33,30384,30385,30387,30389,30391],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30386,157],{"class":156},[33,30388,133],{"class":47},[33,30390,2647],{"class":162},[33,30392,143],{"class":47},[18,30394,1961],{"id":1960},[664,30396,2007,30398,5309],{"id":30397},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[30,30399,12923],{},[14,30401,30402,30403,310],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[30,30404,30405],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[664,30407,12857,30409,30411],{"id":30408},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[30,30410,12923],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30413,30414],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[664,30416,30418,30419,30421],{"id":30417},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[30,30420,12923],{}," removes?",[14,30423,30424,30425,30429],{},"No. Use ",[273,30426,30427],{"href":12719},[30,30428,12916],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[664,30431,12857,30433,15050],{"id":30432},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[30,30434,12923],{},[14,30436,30437],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[664,30439,30441,30442,30444],{"id":30440},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[30,30443,12923],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30446,30447,30448,30450,30451,310],{},"It raises ",[30,30449,19840],{}," with the message ",[30,30452,29850],{},[18,30454,2045],{"id":2044},[316,30456,30457,30464,30470,30476,30482,30489,30493,30497],{},[319,30458,30459],{},[273,30460,30461,30463],{"href":12719},[30,30462,12916],{}," method for dictionaries",[319,30465,30466],{},[273,30467,30468,30463],{"href":17227},[30,30469,17230],{},[319,30471,30472],{},[273,30473,30474,30463],{"href":17215},[30,30475,17218],{},[319,30477,30478],{},[273,30479,30480,30463],{"href":17221},[30,30481,17224],{},[319,30483,30484],{},[273,30485,30487,30463],{"href":30486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[30,30488,11473],{},[319,30490,30491],{},[273,30492,12940],{"href":12726},[319,30494,30495],{},[273,30496,21611],{"href":16749},[319,30498,30499],{},[273,30500,30501,30502],{"href":30014},"Fix ",[30,30503,30017],{},[2097,30505,30506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":30508},[30509,30510,30512,30513,30514,30515,30516,30517,30522,30527,30529,30530,30542],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":28787,"depth":69,"text":30511},"What popitem() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":28857,"depth":69,"text":28858},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":29210,"depth":69,"text":29211},{"id":29402,"depth":69,"text":29403},{"id":29530,"depth":69,"text":30518,"children":30519},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30520,30521],{"id":28700,"depth":110,"text":12923},{"id":26393,"depth":110,"text":12916},{"id":29799,"depth":69,"text":29800,"children":30523},[30524,30525],{"id":29856,"depth":110,"text":29857},{"id":29931,"depth":110,"text":30526},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30020,"depth":69,"text":30528},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":30531},[30532,30534,30536,30538,30540],{"id":30397,"depth":110,"text":30533},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30408,"depth":110,"text":30535},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30417,"depth":110,"text":30537},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30432,"depth":110,"text":30539},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30440,"depth":110,"text":30541},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28526,"description":30543},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30550,"title":30551,"body":30552,"description":32455,"extension":2138,"meta":32456,"navigation":149,"path":14186,"seo":32457,"stem":32458,"__hash__":32459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30553,"toc":32427},[30554,30559,30564,30567,30569,30666,30671,30676,30681,30684,30692,30695,30710,30712,30812,30814,30871,30875,30877,30880,30900,30905,30916,30919,30946,30949,30951,31008,31010,31031,31037,31042,31045,31056,31058,31166,31168,31221,31223,31235,31242,31248,31253,31256,31344,31346,31391,31394,31402,31405,31408,31477,31480,31483,31487,31490,31561,31563,31616,31619,31622,31625,31640,31643,31655,31658,31721,31723,31729,31731,31733,31812,31814,31855,31857,31922,31924,31961,31966,31971,31975,31989,31992,32115,32117,32202,32207,32209,32213,32235,32238,32318,32321,32340,32345,32347,32353,32358,32364,32367,32373,32376,32382,32387,32393,32399,32401,32424],[10,30555,11470,30557,2059],{"id":30556},"python-dictionary-update-method",[30,30558,15108],{},[14,30560,2155,30561,30563],{},[30,30562,15108],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30565,30566],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[18,30568,2180],{"id":2179},[23,30570,30572],{"className":25,"code":30571,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[30,30573,30574,30610,30651,30661],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30575,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30577,13358],{"class":39},[33,30579,44],{"class":43},[33,30581,10644],{"class":47},[33,30583,80],{"class":79},[33,30585,7827],{"class":83},[33,30587,80],{"class":79},[33,30589,3061],{"class":47},[33,30591,91],{"class":79},[33,30593,84],{"class":83},[33,30595,80],{"class":79},[33,30597,55],{"class":47},[33,30599,91],{"class":79},[33,30601,9453],{"class":83},[33,30603,80],{"class":79},[33,30605,3061],{"class":47},[33,30607,7949],{"class":51},[33,30609,9462],{"class":47},[33,30611,30612,30614,30616,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30613,17459],{"class":39},[33,30615,310],{"class":47},[33,30617,30618],{"class":162},"update",[33,30620,5688],{"class":47},[33,30622,80],{"class":79},[33,30624,9453],{"class":83},[33,30626,80],{"class":79},[33,30628,3061],{"class":47},[33,30630,30631],{"class":51}," 21",[33,30633,55],{"class":47},[33,30635,91],{"class":79},[33,30637,10562],{"class":83},[33,30639,80],{"class":79},[33,30641,3061],{"class":47},[33,30643,91],{"class":79},[33,30645,16183],{"class":83},[33,30647,80],{"class":79},[33,30649,30650],{"class":47},"})\n",[33,30652,30653,30655,30657,30659],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30654,157],{"class":156},[33,30656,133],{"class":47},[33,30658,17459],{"class":162},[33,30660,143],{"class":47},[33,30662,30663],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,30664,30665],{"class":1308},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30667,672,30668,30670],{},[30,30669,15108],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[18,30672,3848,30674,3851],{"id":30673},"what-update-does",[30,30675,15108],{},[14,30677,30678,30680],{},[30,30679,15108],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30682,30683],{},"It can do two main things:",[316,30685,30686,30689],{},[319,30687,30688],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[319,30690,30691],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30693,30694],{},"Important things to know:",[316,30696,30697,30700,30703,30707],{},[319,30698,30699],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[319,30701,30702],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[319,30704,5312,30705],{},[30,30706,3950],{},[319,30708,30709],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30711,367],{},[23,30713,30715],{"className":25,"code":30714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[30,30716,30717,30759,30802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30718,30719,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30755,30757],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30720,13017],{"class":39},[33,30722,44],{"class":43},[33,30724,10644],{"class":47},[33,30726,80],{"class":79},[33,30728,7827],{"class":83},[33,30730,80],{"class":79},[33,30732,3061],{"class":47},[33,30734,91],{"class":79},[33,30736,30737],{"class":83},"Mira",[33,30739,80],{"class":79},[33,30741,55],{"class":47},[33,30743,91],{"class":79},[33,30745,20044],{"class":83},[33,30747,80],{"class":79},[33,30749,3061],{"class":47},[33,30751,91],{"class":79},[33,30753,30754],{"class":83},"B",[33,30756,80],{"class":79},[33,30758,9462],{"class":47},[33,30760,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30798,30800],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30762,13779],{"class":39},[33,30764,310],{"class":47},[33,30766,30618],{"class":162},[33,30768,5688],{"class":47},[33,30770,80],{"class":79},[33,30772,20044],{"class":83},[33,30774,80],{"class":79},[33,30776,3061],{"class":47},[33,30778,91],{"class":79},[33,30780,22399],{"class":83},[33,30782,80],{"class":79},[33,30784,55],{"class":47},[33,30786,91],{"class":79},[33,30788,10562],{"class":83},[33,30790,80],{"class":79},[33,30792,3061],{"class":47},[33,30794,91],{"class":79},[33,30796,30797],{"class":83},"Quito",[33,30799,80],{"class":79},[33,30801,30650],{"class":47},[33,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,30805,157],{"class":156},[33,30807,133],{"class":47},[33,30809,13779],{"class":162},[33,30811,143],{"class":47},[14,30813,207],{},[23,30815,30817],{"className":25,"code":30816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[30,30818,30819],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30820,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30822,9432],{"class":47},[33,30824,236],{"class":79},[33,30826,7827],{"class":83},[33,30828,236],{"class":79},[33,30830,3061],{"class":47},[33,30832,245],{"class":79},[33,30834,30737],{"class":83},[33,30836,236],{"class":79},[33,30838,55],{"class":47},[33,30840,245],{"class":79},[33,30842,20044],{"class":83},[33,30844,236],{"class":79},[33,30846,3061],{"class":47},[33,30848,245],{"class":79},[33,30850,22399],{"class":83},[33,30852,236],{"class":79},[33,30854,55],{"class":47},[33,30856,245],{"class":79},[33,30858,10562],{"class":83},[33,30860,236],{"class":79},[33,30862,3061],{"class":47},[33,30864,245],{"class":79},[33,30866,30797],{"class":83},[33,30868,236],{"class":79},[33,30870,9462],{"class":47},[14,30872,9308,30873,310],{},[273,30874,24782],{"href":9544},[18,30876,2334],{"id":2333},[14,30878,30879],{},"The basic form is:",[23,30881,30883],{"className":25,"code":30882,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[30,30884,30885],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30898],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30888,15756],{"class":39},[33,30890,310],{"class":47},[33,30892,30618],{"class":162},[33,30894,133],{"class":47},[33,30896,30897],{"class":162},"other",[33,30899,143],{"class":47},[14,30901,30902,30904],{},[30,30903,30897],{}," can be:",[316,30906,30907,30910,30913],{},[319,30908,30909],{},"Another dictionary",[319,30911,30912],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[319,30914,30915],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30917,30918],{},"You can also use:",[23,30920,30922],{"className":25,"code":30921,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[30,30923,30924],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30925,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30927,15756],{"class":39},[33,30929,310],{"class":47},[33,30931,30618],{"class":162},[33,30933,133],{"class":47},[33,30935,7827],{"class":9331},[33,30937,44],{"class":43},[33,30939,80],{"class":79},[33,30941,7836],{"class":83},[33,30943,80],{"class":79},[33,30945,143],{"class":47},[14,30947,30948],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30950,367],{},[23,30952,30954],{"className":25,"code":30953,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[30,30955,30956,30976,30998],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,30959,1181],{"class":39},[33,30961,44],{"class":43},[33,30963,10644],{"class":47},[33,30965,80],{"class":79},[33,30967,273],{"class":83},[33,30969,80],{"class":79},[33,30971,3061],{"class":47},[33,30973,1119],{"class":51},[33,30975,9462],{"class":47},[33,30977,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,30979,1230],{"class":39},[33,30981,310],{"class":47},[33,30983,30618],{"class":162},[33,30985,5688],{"class":47},[33,30987,80],{"class":79},[33,30989,273],{"class":83},[33,30991,80],{"class":79},[33,30993,3061],{"class":47},[33,30995,393],{"class":51},[33,30997,30650],{"class":47},[33,30999,31000,31002,31004,31006],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31001,157],{"class":156},[33,31003,133],{"class":47},[33,31005,1230],{"class":162},[33,31007,143],{"class":47},[14,31009,207],{},[23,31011,31013],{"className":25,"code":31012,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a': 10}\n",[30,31014,31015],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31016,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31018,9432],{"class":47},[33,31020,236],{"class":79},[33,31022,273],{"class":83},[33,31024,236],{"class":79},[33,31026,3061],{"class":47},[33,31028,393],{"class":51},[33,31030,9462],{"class":47},[18,31032,1357,31034,31036],{"id":31033},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[30,31035,15108],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31038,31039,31040,310],{},"This is the most common use of ",[30,31041,15108],{},[14,31043,31044],{},"It is useful when:",[316,31046,31047,31050,31053],{},[319,31048,31049],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[319,31051,31052],{},"Adding extra settings",[319,31054,31055],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31057,367],{},[23,31059,31061],{"className":25,"code":31060,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[30,31062,31063,31100,31137,31141,31156],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31064,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31098],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31066,13979],{"class":39},[33,31068,44],{"class":43},[33,31070,10644],{"class":47},[33,31072,80],{"class":79},[33,31074,12647],{"class":83},[33,31076,80],{"class":79},[33,31078,3061],{"class":47},[33,31080,91],{"class":79},[33,31082,21081],{"class":83},[33,31084,80],{"class":79},[33,31086,55],{"class":47},[33,31088,91],{"class":79},[33,31090,14004],{"class":83},[33,31092,80],{"class":79},[33,31094,3061],{"class":47},[33,31096,31097],{"class":51}," 12",[33,31099,9462],{"class":47},[33,31101,31102,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31103,31104],{"class":39},"new_settings ",[33,31106,44],{"class":43},[33,31108,10644],{"class":47},[33,31110,80],{"class":79},[33,31112,14004],{"class":83},[33,31114,80],{"class":79},[33,31116,3061],{"class":47},[33,31118,14011],{"class":51},[33,31120,55],{"class":47},[33,31122,91],{"class":79},[33,31124,20276],{"class":83},[33,31126,80],{"class":79},[33,31128,3061],{"class":47},[33,31130,91],{"class":79},[33,31132,20310],{"class":83},[33,31134,80],{"class":79},[33,31136,9462],{"class":47},[33,31138,31139],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31140,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31154],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,31144,14038],{"class":39},[33,31146,310],{"class":47},[33,31148,30618],{"class":162},[33,31150,133],{"class":47},[33,31152,31153],{"class":162},"new_settings",[33,31155,143],{"class":47},[33,31157,31158,31160,31162,31164],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,31159,157],{"class":156},[33,31161,133],{"class":47},[33,31163,14038],{"class":162},[33,31165,143],{"class":47},[14,31167,207],{},[23,31169,31171],{"className":25,"code":31170,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[30,31172,31173],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31174,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31176,9432],{"class":47},[33,31178,236],{"class":79},[33,31180,12647],{"class":83},[33,31182,236],{"class":79},[33,31184,3061],{"class":47},[33,31186,245],{"class":79},[33,31188,21081],{"class":83},[33,31190,236],{"class":79},[33,31192,55],{"class":47},[33,31194,245],{"class":79},[33,31196,14004],{"class":83},[33,31198,236],{"class":79},[33,31200,3061],{"class":47},[33,31202,14011],{"class":51},[33,31204,55],{"class":47},[33,31206,245],{"class":79},[33,31208,20276],{"class":83},[33,31210,236],{"class":79},[33,31212,3061],{"class":47},[33,31214,245],{"class":79},[33,31216,20310],{"class":83},[33,31218,236],{"class":79},[33,31220,9462],{"class":47},[14,31222,13563],{},[316,31224,31225,31230],{},[319,31226,31227,31229],{},[30,31228,14004],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[319,31231,31232,31234],{},[30,31233,20276],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31236,31237,31238,310],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[273,31239,31241],{"href":31240},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[18,31243,1357,31245,31247],{"id":31244},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[30,31246,15108],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31249,31250,31252],{},[30,31251,15108],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31254,31255],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[23,31257,31259],{"className":25,"code":31258,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[30,31260,31261,31281,31316,31320,31334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31264,5228],{"class":39},[33,31266,44],{"class":43},[33,31268,10644],{"class":47},[33,31270,80],{"class":79},[33,31272,18570],{"class":83},[33,31274,80],{"class":79},[33,31276,3061],{"class":47},[33,31278,20051],{"class":51},[33,31280,9462],{"class":47},[33,31282,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31308,31310,31312,31314],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31284,9370],{"class":39},[33,31286,44],{"class":43},[33,31288,9375],{"class":47},[33,31290,80],{"class":79},[33,31292,18579],{"class":83},[33,31294,80],{"class":79},[33,31296,55],{"class":47},[33,31298,13661],{"class":51},[33,31300,9388],{"class":47},[33,31302,1381],{"class":47},[33,31304,80],{"class":79},[33,31306,31307],{"class":83},"english",[33,31309,80],{"class":79},[33,31311,55],{"class":47},[33,31313,29073],{"class":51},[33,31315,9403],{"class":47},[33,31317,31318],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31319,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,31321,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,31323,16541],{"class":39},[33,31325,310],{"class":47},[33,31327,30618],{"class":162},[33,31329,133],{"class":47},[33,31331,9416],{"class":162},[33,31333,143],{"class":47},[33,31335,31336,31338,31340,31342],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,31337,157],{"class":156},[33,31339,133],{"class":47},[33,31341,16541],{"class":162},[33,31343,143],{"class":47},[14,31345,207],{},[23,31347,31349],{"className":25,"code":31348,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[30,31350,31351],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31352,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31354,9432],{"class":47},[33,31356,236],{"class":79},[33,31358,18570],{"class":83},[33,31360,236],{"class":79},[33,31362,3061],{"class":47},[33,31364,20051],{"class":51},[33,31366,55],{"class":47},[33,31368,245],{"class":79},[33,31370,18579],{"class":83},[33,31372,236],{"class":79},[33,31374,3061],{"class":47},[33,31376,13661],{"class":51},[33,31378,55],{"class":47},[33,31380,245],{"class":79},[33,31382,31307],{"class":83},[33,31384,236],{"class":79},[33,31386,3061],{"class":47},[33,31388,29073],{"class":51},[33,31390,9462],{"class":47},[14,31392,31393],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[316,31395,31396,31399],{},[319,31397,31398],{},"The key",[319,31400,31401],{},"The value",[14,31403,31404],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31406,31407],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[23,31409,31411],{"className":25,"code":31410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[30,31412,31413,31433,31458,31462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31414,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31416,1181],{"class":39},[33,31418,44],{"class":43},[33,31420,10644],{"class":47},[33,31422,80],{"class":79},[33,31424,273],{"class":83},[33,31426,80],{"class":79},[33,31428,3061],{"class":47},[33,31430,1119],{"class":51},[33,31432,9462],{"class":47},[33,31434,31435,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31436,31437],{"class":39},"bad_pairs ",[33,31439,44],{"class":43},[33,31441,9375],{"class":47},[33,31443,80],{"class":79},[33,31445,282],{"class":83},[33,31447,80],{"class":79},[33,31449,55],{"class":47},[33,31451,58],{"class":51},[33,31453,55],{"class":47},[33,31455,63],{"class":51},[33,31457,9403],{"class":47},[33,31459,31460],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31461,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,31463,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31475],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,31465,1230],{"class":39},[33,31467,310],{"class":47},[33,31469,30618],{"class":162},[33,31471,133],{"class":47},[33,31473,31474],{"class":162},"bad_pairs",[33,31476,143],{"class":47},[14,31478,31479],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31481,31482],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[18,31484,31486],{"id":31485},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31488,31489],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[23,31491,31493],{"className":25,"code":31492,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[30,31494,31495,31519,31551],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31496,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31498,11640],{"class":39},[33,31500,44],{"class":43},[33,31502,10644],{"class":47},[33,31504,80],{"class":79},[33,31506,7827],{"class":83},[33,31508,80],{"class":79},[33,31510,3061],{"class":47},[33,31512,91],{"class":79},[33,31514,29066],{"class":83},[33,31516,80],{"class":79},[33,31518,9462],{"class":47},[33,31520,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31540,31542,31544,31547,31549],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31522,11734],{"class":39},[33,31524,310],{"class":47},[33,31526,30618],{"class":162},[33,31528,133],{"class":47},[33,31530,9453],{"class":9331},[33,31532,44],{"class":43},[33,31534,9349],{"class":51},[33,31536,55],{"class":47},[33,31538,31539],{"class":9331}," city",[33,31541,44],{"class":43},[33,31543,80],{"class":79},[33,31545,31546],{"class":83},"Madrid",[33,31548,80],{"class":79},[33,31550,143],{"class":47},[33,31552,31553,31555,31557,31559],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31554,157],{"class":156},[33,31556,133],{"class":47},[33,31558,11734],{"class":162},[33,31560,143],{"class":47},[14,31562,207],{},[23,31564,31566],{"className":25,"code":31565,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[30,31567,31568],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31569,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31571,9432],{"class":47},[33,31573,236],{"class":79},[33,31575,7827],{"class":83},[33,31577,236],{"class":79},[33,31579,3061],{"class":47},[33,31581,245],{"class":79},[33,31583,29066],{"class":83},[33,31585,236],{"class":79},[33,31587,55],{"class":47},[33,31589,245],{"class":79},[33,31591,9453],{"class":83},[33,31593,236],{"class":79},[33,31595,3061],{"class":47},[33,31597,1196],{"class":51},[33,31599,55],{"class":47},[33,31601,245],{"class":79},[33,31603,10562],{"class":83},[33,31605,236],{"class":79},[33,31607,3061],{"class":47},[33,31609,245],{"class":79},[33,31611,31546],{"class":83},[33,31613,236],{"class":79},[33,31615,9462],{"class":47},[14,31617,31618],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31620,31621],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31623,31624],{},"These work:",[316,31626,31627,31631,31635],{},[319,31628,31629],{},[30,31630,9453],{},[319,31632,31633],{},[30,31634,10562],{},[319,31636,31637],{},[30,31638,31639],{},"first_name",[14,31641,31642],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[316,31644,31645,31650],{},[319,31646,31647],{},[30,31648,31649],{},"\"first name\"",[319,31651,31652],{},[30,31653,31654],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31656,31657],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[23,31659,31661],{"className":25,"code":31660,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[30,31662,31663,31671,31711],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31664,31665,31667,31669],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31666,11640],{"class":39},[33,31668,44],{"class":43},[33,31670,9991],{"class":47},[33,31672,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31702,31704,31706,31709],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31674,11734],{"class":39},[33,31676,310],{"class":47},[33,31678,30618],{"class":162},[33,31680,5688],{"class":47},[33,31682,80],{"class":79},[33,31684,10666],{"class":83},[33,31686,80],{"class":79},[33,31688,3061],{"class":47},[33,31690,91],{"class":79},[33,31692,29066],{"class":83},[33,31694,80],{"class":79},[33,31696,55],{"class":47},[33,31698,91],{"class":79},[33,31700,31701],{"class":83},"user-id",[33,31703,80],{"class":79},[33,31705,3061],{"class":47},[33,31707,31708],{"class":51}," 1001",[33,31710,30650],{"class":47},[33,31712,31713,31715,31717,31719],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31714,157],{"class":156},[33,31716,133],{"class":47},[33,31718,11734],{"class":162},[33,31720,143],{"class":47},[18,31722,17571],{"id":17570},[14,31724,31725,2572,31727,310],{},[30,31726,15108],{},[30,31728,3950],{},[14,31730,14202],{},[14,31732,24862],{},[23,31734,31736],{"className":25,"code":31735,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[30,31737,31738,31762,31788,31792,31802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31739,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31741,13358],{"class":39},[33,31743,44],{"class":43},[33,31745,10644],{"class":47},[33,31747,80],{"class":79},[33,31749,7827],{"class":83},[33,31751,80],{"class":79},[33,31753,3061],{"class":47},[33,31755,91],{"class":79},[33,31757,84],{"class":83},[33,31759,80],{"class":79},[33,31761,9462],{"class":47},[33,31763,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31765,1506],{"class":39},[33,31767,44],{"class":43},[33,31769,13401],{"class":39},[33,31771,310],{"class":47},[33,31773,30618],{"class":162},[33,31775,5688],{"class":47},[33,31777,80],{"class":79},[33,31779,9453],{"class":83},[33,31781,80],{"class":79},[33,31783,3061],{"class":47},[33,31785,7949],{"class":51},[33,31787,30650],{"class":47},[33,31789,31790],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31791,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,31793,31794,31796,31798,31800],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,31795,157],{"class":156},[33,31797,133],{"class":47},[33,31799,1530],{"class":162},[33,31801,143],{"class":47},[33,31803,31804,31806,31808,31810],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,31805,157],{"class":156},[33,31807,133],{"class":47},[33,31809,17459],{"class":162},[33,31811,143],{"class":47},[14,31813,207],{},[23,31815,31817],{"className":25,"code":31816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[30,31818,31819,31823],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31820,31821],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31822,11961],{"class":398},[33,31824,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31826,9432],{"class":47},[33,31828,236],{"class":79},[33,31830,7827],{"class":83},[33,31832,236],{"class":79},[33,31834,3061],{"class":47},[33,31836,245],{"class":79},[33,31838,84],{"class":83},[33,31840,236],{"class":79},[33,31842,55],{"class":47},[33,31844,245],{"class":79},[33,31846,9453],{"class":83},[33,31848,236],{"class":79},[33,31850,3061],{"class":47},[33,31852,7949],{"class":51},[33,31854,9462],{"class":47},[14,31856,16808],{},[23,31858,31860],{"className":25,"code":31859,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[30,31861,31862,31886,31908,31912],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31863,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31865,13358],{"class":39},[33,31867,44],{"class":43},[33,31869,10644],{"class":47},[33,31871,80],{"class":79},[33,31873,7827],{"class":83},[33,31875,80],{"class":79},[33,31877,3061],{"class":47},[33,31879,91],{"class":79},[33,31881,84],{"class":83},[33,31883,80],{"class":79},[33,31885,9462],{"class":47},[33,31887,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,31889,17459],{"class":39},[33,31891,310],{"class":47},[33,31893,30618],{"class":162},[33,31895,5688],{"class":47},[33,31897,80],{"class":79},[33,31899,9453],{"class":83},[33,31901,80],{"class":79},[33,31903,3061],{"class":47},[33,31905,7949],{"class":51},[33,31907,30650],{"class":47},[33,31909,31910],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,31911,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,31913,31914,31916,31918,31920],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,31915,157],{"class":156},[33,31917,133],{"class":47},[33,31919,17459],{"class":162},[33,31921,143],{"class":47},[14,31923,207],{},[23,31925,31927],{"className":25,"code":31926,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[30,31928,31929],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31930,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,31932,9432],{"class":47},[33,31934,236],{"class":79},[33,31936,7827],{"class":83},[33,31938,236],{"class":79},[33,31940,3061],{"class":47},[33,31942,245],{"class":79},[33,31944,84],{"class":83},[33,31946,236],{"class":79},[33,31948,55],{"class":47},[33,31950,245],{"class":79},[33,31952,9453],{"class":83},[33,31954,236],{"class":79},[33,31956,3061],{"class":47},[33,31958,7949],{"class":51},[33,31960,9462],{"class":47},[14,31962,31963,31964,310],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[273,31965,18057],{"href":10885},[18,31967,5127,31969],{"id":31968},"when-to-use-update",[30,31970,15108],{},[14,31972,672,31973,10755],{},[30,31974,15108],{},[316,31976,31977,31980,31983,31986],{},[319,31978,31979],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[319,31981,31982],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[319,31984,31985],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[319,31987,31988],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31990,31991],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[23,31993,31995],{"className":25,"code":31994,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[30,31996,31997,32033,32048,32052,32091,32095,32105],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,31998,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32000,12238],{"class":39},[33,32002,44],{"class":43},[33,32004,10644],{"class":47},[33,32006,80],{"class":79},[33,32008,7827],{"class":83},[33,32010,80],{"class":79},[33,32012,3061],{"class":47},[33,32014,91],{"class":79},[33,32016,84],{"class":83},[33,32018,80],{"class":79},[33,32020,55],{"class":47},[33,32022,91],{"class":79},[33,32024,9453],{"class":83},[33,32026,80],{"class":79},[33,32028,3061],{"class":47},[33,32030,7949],{"class":51},[33,32032,9462],{"class":47},[33,32034,32035,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32036,32037],{"class":39},"updated ",[33,32039,44],{"class":43},[33,32041,12313],{"class":39},[33,32043,310],{"class":47},[33,32045,13064],{"class":162},[33,32047,1671],{"class":47},[33,32049,32050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,32051,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32053,32054,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,32055,32056],{"class":39},"updated",[33,32058,310],{"class":47},[33,32060,30618],{"class":162},[33,32062,5688],{"class":47},[33,32064,80],{"class":79},[33,32066,9453],{"class":83},[33,32068,80],{"class":79},[33,32070,3061],{"class":47},[33,32072,30631],{"class":51},[33,32074,55],{"class":47},[33,32076,91],{"class":79},[33,32078,10562],{"class":83},[33,32080,80],{"class":79},[33,32082,3061],{"class":47},[33,32084,91],{"class":79},[33,32086,16183],{"class":83},[33,32088,80],{"class":79},[33,32090,30650],{"class":47},[33,32092,32093],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,32094,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32096,32097,32099,32101,32103],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,32098,157],{"class":156},[33,32100,133],{"class":47},[33,32102,12285],{"class":162},[33,32104,143],{"class":47},[33,32106,32107,32109,32111,32113],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,32108,157],{"class":156},[33,32110,133],{"class":47},[33,32112,32056],{"class":162},[33,32114,143],{"class":47},[14,32116,207],{},[23,32118,32120],{"className":25,"code":32119,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[30,32121,32122,32154],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32123,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32125,9432],{"class":47},[33,32127,236],{"class":79},[33,32129,7827],{"class":83},[33,32131,236],{"class":79},[33,32133,3061],{"class":47},[33,32135,245],{"class":79},[33,32137,84],{"class":83},[33,32139,236],{"class":79},[33,32141,55],{"class":47},[33,32143,245],{"class":79},[33,32145,9453],{"class":83},[33,32147,236],{"class":79},[33,32149,3061],{"class":47},[33,32151,7949],{"class":51},[33,32153,9462],{"class":47},[33,32155,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32157,9432],{"class":47},[33,32159,236],{"class":79},[33,32161,7827],{"class":83},[33,32163,236],{"class":79},[33,32165,3061],{"class":47},[33,32167,245],{"class":79},[33,32169,84],{"class":83},[33,32171,236],{"class":79},[33,32173,55],{"class":47},[33,32175,245],{"class":79},[33,32177,9453],{"class":83},[33,32179,236],{"class":79},[33,32181,3061],{"class":47},[33,32183,30631],{"class":51},[33,32185,55],{"class":47},[33,32187,245],{"class":79},[33,32189,10562],{"class":83},[33,32191,236],{"class":79},[33,32193,3061],{"class":47},[33,32195,245],{"class":79},[33,32197,16183],{"class":83},[33,32199,236],{"class":79},[33,32201,9462],{"class":47},[14,32203,32204,32205,310],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[273,32206,16750],{"href":16749},[18,32208,3006],{"id":3005},[14,32210,10901,32211,3061],{},[30,32212,15108],{},[316,32214,32215,32222,32226,32229,32232],{},[319,32216,12747,32217,32219,32220],{},[30,32218,15108],{}," to a variable and getting ",[30,32221,3950],{},[319,32223,1487,32224,12755],{},[30,32225,15108],{},[319,32227,32228],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[319,32230,32231],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[319,32233,32234],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32236,32237],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[23,32239,32241],{"className":25,"code":32240,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[30,32242,32243,32253,32267,32281,32303],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32244,32245,32247,32249,32251],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32246,157],{"class":156},[33,32248,133],{"class":47},[33,32250,11601],{"class":162},[33,32252,143],{"class":47},[33,32254,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32256,157],{"class":156},[33,32258,133],{"class":47},[33,32260,1406],{"class":129},[33,32262,133],{"class":47},[33,32264,1230],{"class":162},[33,32266,733],{"class":47},[33,32268,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,32270,157],{"class":156},[33,32272,133],{"class":47},[33,32274,1879],{"class":129},[33,32276,133],{"class":47},[33,32278,1230],{"class":162},[33,32280,733],{"class":47},[33,32282,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,32284,157],{"class":156},[33,32286,133],{"class":47},[33,32288,11601],{"class":162},[33,32290,310],{"class":47},[33,32292,19903],{"class":162},[33,32294,133],{"class":47},[33,32296,236],{"class":79},[33,32298,14995],{"class":83},[33,32300,236],{"class":79},[33,32302,733],{"class":47},[33,32304,32305,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,32306,32307],{"class":156},"help",[33,32309,133],{"class":47},[33,32311,8977],{"class":129},[33,32313,310],{"class":47},[33,32315,30618],{"class":24904},[33,32317,143],{"class":47},[14,32319,32320],{},"These can help you check:",[316,32322,32323,32326,32331,32334,32337],{},[319,32324,32325],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[319,32327,32328,32329],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[30,32330,15108],{},[319,32332,32333],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[319,32335,32336],{},"Whether a key exists",[319,32338,32339],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32341,32342,32343,310],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[273,32344,11414],{"href":11227},[18,32346,1961],{"id":1960},[664,32348,12857,32350,32352],{"id":32349},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[30,32351,15108],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32354,32355,32356,310],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[30,32357,3950],{},[664,32359,12857,32361,32363],{"id":32360},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[30,32362,15108],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32365,32366],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[664,32368,5334,32370,32372],{"id":32369},"can-update-add-new-keys",[30,32371,15108],{}," add new keys?",[14,32374,32375],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[664,32377,28481,32379,32381],{"id":32378},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[30,32380,15108],{}," with a list?",[14,32383,32384,32385,310],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[30,32386,11247],{},[664,32388,2027,32390,32392],{"id":32389},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[30,32391,15108],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32394,32395,32396,32398],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[30,32397,15108],{}," can change many keys at once.",[18,32400,2045],{"id":2044},[316,32402,32403,32407,32411,32416,32420],{},[319,32404,32405],{},[273,32406,26247],{"href":9544},[319,32408,32409],{},[273,32410,11403],{"href":10885},[319,32412,32413],{},[273,32414,32415],{"href":31240},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[319,32417,32418],{},[273,32419,21611],{"href":16749},[319,32421,32422],{},[273,32423,11414],{"href":11227},[2097,32425,32426],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":32428},[32429,32430,32432,32433,32435,32437,32438,32439,32441,32442,32454],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":30673,"depth":69,"text":32431},"What update() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":31033,"depth":69,"text":32434},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31244,"depth":69,"text":32436},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31485,"depth":69,"text":31486},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":31968,"depth":69,"text":32440},"When to use update()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":32443},[32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"id":32349,"depth":110,"text":32445},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32360,"depth":110,"text":32447},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32369,"depth":110,"text":32449},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32378,"depth":110,"text":32451},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32389,"depth":110,"text":32453},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30551,"description":32455},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32461,"title":32462,"body":32463,"description":34452,"extension":2138,"meta":34453,"navigation":149,"path":23048,"seo":34454,"stem":34455,"__hash__":34456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32464,"toc":34415},[32465,32470,32477,32480,32482,32581,32583,32638,32643,32648,32662,32667,32669,32684,32686,32700,32713,32718,32724,32731,32733,32840,32842,32891,32897,32972,32974,32995,32997,33000,33105,33107,33162,33164,33192,33196,33201,33280,33282,33302,33304,33315,33325,33329,33334,33438,33440,33465,33468,33479,33484,33493,33496,33513,33515,33602,33604,33667,33669,33692,33694,33699,33705,33710,33712,33751,33757,33760,33779,33790,33796,33799,33872,33874,33893,33898,33901,33924,33930,33933,33997,34000,34077,34084,34087,34146,34152,34154,34173,34177,34180,34231,34234,34254,34256,34317,34319,34324,34329,34334,34339,34344,34349,34355,34358,34367,34375,34377,34412],[10,32466,11470,32468,2059],{"id":32467},"python-dictionary-values-method",[30,32469,17224],{},[14,32471,32472,32473,32476],{},"The Python ",[30,32474,32475],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32478,32479],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[18,32481,2180],{"id":2179},[23,32483,32485],{"className":25,"code":32484,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[30,32486,32487,32539,32553,32557,32567],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32488,32489,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32490,13017],{"class":39},[33,32492,44],{"class":43},[33,32494,10644],{"class":47},[33,32496,80],{"class":79},[33,32498,7827],{"class":83},[33,32500,80],{"class":79},[33,32502,3061],{"class":47},[33,32504,91],{"class":79},[33,32506,84],{"class":83},[33,32508,80],{"class":79},[33,32510,55],{"class":47},[33,32512,91],{"class":79},[33,32514,9453],{"class":83},[33,32516,80],{"class":79},[33,32518,3061],{"class":47},[33,32520,7949],{"class":51},[33,32522,55],{"class":47},[33,32524,91],{"class":79},[33,32526,10562],{"class":83},[33,32528,80],{"class":79},[33,32530,3061],{"class":47},[33,32532,91],{"class":79},[33,32534,16183],{"class":83},[33,32536,80],{"class":79},[33,32538,9462],{"class":47},[33,32540,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32542,1071],{"class":39},[33,32544,44],{"class":43},[33,32546,13059],{"class":39},[33,32548,310],{"class":47},[33,32550,1096],{"class":162},[33,32552,1671],{"class":47},[33,32554,32555],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,32556,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32558,32559,32561,32563,32565],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,32560,157],{"class":156},[33,32562,133],{"class":47},[33,32564,1096],{"class":162},[33,32566,143],{"class":47},[33,32568,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,32570,157],{"class":156},[33,32572,133],{"class":47},[33,32574,1879],{"class":129},[33,32576,133],{"class":47},[33,32578,1096],{"class":162},[33,32580,733],{"class":47},[14,32582,207],{},[23,32584,32586],{"className":25,"code":32585,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[30,32587,32588,32614],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32589,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32591,17190],{"class":162},[33,32593,3162],{"class":47},[33,32595,236],{"class":79},[33,32597,84],{"class":83},[33,32599,236],{"class":79},[33,32601,55],{"class":47},[33,32603,7949],{"class":51},[33,32605,55],{"class":47},[33,32607,245],{"class":79},[33,32609,16183],{"class":83},[33,32611,236],{"class":79},[33,32613,4059],{"class":47},[33,32615,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32617,217],{"class":47},[33,32619,236],{"class":79},[33,32621,84],{"class":83},[33,32623,236],{"class":79},[33,32625,55],{"class":47},[33,32627,7949],{"class":51},[33,32629,55],{"class":47},[33,32631,245],{"class":79},[33,32633,16183],{"class":83},[33,32635,236],{"class":79},[33,32637,66],{"class":47},[14,32639,32640,32642],{},[30,32641,17224],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[18,32644,3848,32646,3851],{"id":32645},"what-values-does",[30,32647,17224],{},[316,32649,32650,32653,32656,32659],{},[319,32651,32652],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[319,32654,32655],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[319,32657,32658],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[319,32660,32661],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32663,32664,32665,310],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[273,32666,9545],{"href":9544},[18,32668,2334],{"id":2333},[23,32670,32672],{"className":25,"code":32671,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_dict.values()\n",[30,32673,32674],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32675,32676,32678,32680,32682],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32677,11601],{"class":39},[33,32679,310],{"class":47},[33,32681,1096],{"class":162},[33,32683,1671],{"class":47},[14,32685,13205],{},[316,32687,32688,32692,32695],{},[319,32689,32690,11617],{},[30,32691,17224],{},[319,32693,32694],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[319,32696,32697,32698],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[30,32699,17224],{},[14,32701,32702,32703,2030,32708,310],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[273,32704,32705,32707],{"href":17215},[30,32706,17218],{}," for dictionary keys",[273,32709,32710,32712],{"href":17227},[30,32711,17230],{}," for key-value pairs",[18,32714,3848,32716,11858],{"id":32715},"what-values-returns",[30,32717,17224],{},[14,32719,32720,22129,32722,24918],{},[30,32721,17224],{},[30,32723,17190],{},[14,32725,32726,32727,32730],{},"This object is a ",[205,32728,32729],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32732,367],{},[23,32734,32736],{"className":25,"code":32735,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[30,32737,32738,32774,32778,32793,32804,32808,32830],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32739,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756,32758,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32741,13358],{"class":39},[33,32743,44],{"class":43},[33,32745,10644],{"class":47},[33,32747,80],{"class":79},[33,32749,7827],{"class":83},[33,32751,80],{"class":79},[33,32753,3061],{"class":47},[33,32755,91],{"class":79},[33,32757,8079],{"class":83},[33,32759,80],{"class":79},[33,32761,55],{"class":47},[33,32763,91],{"class":79},[33,32765,9453],{"class":83},[33,32767,80],{"class":79},[33,32769,3061],{"class":47},[33,32771,1196],{"class":51},[33,32773,9462],{"class":47},[33,32775,32776],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32777,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32779,32780,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,32781,32782],{"class":39},"values_view ",[33,32784,44],{"class":43},[33,32786,13401],{"class":39},[33,32788,310],{"class":47},[33,32790,1096],{"class":162},[33,32792,1671],{"class":47},[33,32794,32795,32797,32799,32802],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,32796,157],{"class":156},[33,32798,133],{"class":47},[33,32800,32801],{"class":162},"values_view",[33,32803,143],{"class":47},[33,32805,32806],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,32807,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32809,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,32811,17459],{"class":39},[33,32813,217],{"class":47},[33,32815,80],{"class":79},[33,32817,10562],{"class":83},[33,32819,80],{"class":79},[33,32821,13427],{"class":47},[33,32823,13430],{"class":43},[33,32825,91],{"class":79},[33,32827,30797],{"class":83},[33,32829,3532],{"class":79},[33,32831,32832,32834,32836,32838],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,32833,157],{"class":156},[33,32835,133],{"class":47},[33,32837,32801],{"class":162},[33,32839,143],{"class":47},[14,32841,207],{},[23,32843,32845],{"className":25,"code":32844,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[30,32846,32847,32865],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32848,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32850,17190],{"class":162},[33,32852,3162],{"class":47},[33,32854,236],{"class":79},[33,32856,8079],{"class":83},[33,32858,236],{"class":79},[33,32860,55],{"class":47},[33,32862,1196],{"class":51},[33,32864,4059],{"class":47},[33,32866,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32868,17190],{"class":162},[33,32870,3162],{"class":47},[33,32872,236],{"class":79},[33,32874,8079],{"class":83},[33,32876,236],{"class":79},[33,32878,55],{"class":47},[33,32880,1196],{"class":51},[33,32882,55],{"class":47},[33,32884,245],{"class":79},[33,32886,30797],{"class":83},[33,32888,236],{"class":79},[33,32890,4059],{"class":47},[14,32892,32893,32894,310],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[30,32895,32896],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[23,32898,32900],{"className":25,"code":32899,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[30,32901,32902,32938,32957,32961],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32903,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32905,13358],{"class":39},[33,32907,44],{"class":43},[33,32909,10644],{"class":47},[33,32911,80],{"class":79},[33,32913,7827],{"class":83},[33,32915,80],{"class":79},[33,32917,3061],{"class":47},[33,32919,91],{"class":79},[33,32921,8079],{"class":83},[33,32923,80],{"class":79},[33,32925,55],{"class":47},[33,32927,91],{"class":79},[33,32929,9453],{"class":83},[33,32931,80],{"class":79},[33,32933,3061],{"class":47},[33,32935,1196],{"class":51},[33,32937,9462],{"class":47},[33,32939,32940,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,32941,32942],{"class":39},"values_list ",[33,32944,44],{"class":43},[33,32946,130],{"class":129},[33,32948,133],{"class":47},[33,32950,17459],{"class":162},[33,32952,310],{"class":47},[33,32954,1096],{"class":162},[33,32956,7353],{"class":47},[33,32958,32959],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,32960,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,32962,32963,32965,32967,32970],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,32964,157],{"class":156},[33,32966,133],{"class":47},[33,32968,32969],{"class":162},"values_list",[33,32971,143],{"class":47},[14,32973,207],{},[23,32975,32977],{"className":25,"code":32976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Mia', 25]\n",[30,32978,32979],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,32980,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,32982,217],{"class":47},[33,32984,236],{"class":79},[33,32986,8079],{"class":83},[33,32988,236],{"class":79},[33,32990,55],{"class":47},[33,32992,1196],{"class":51},[33,32994,66],{"class":47},[18,32996,11627],{"id":11626},[14,32998,32999],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[23,33001,33003],{"className":25,"code":33002,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,33004,33005,33059,33063,33077,33081,33091],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33006,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33040,33042,33044,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33008,24949],{"class":39},[33,33010,44],{"class":43},[33,33012,10644],{"class":47},[33,33014,80],{"class":79},[33,33016,24958],{"class":83},[33,33018,80],{"class":79},[33,33020,3061],{"class":47},[33,33022,91],{"class":79},[33,33024,24967],{"class":83},[33,33026,80],{"class":79},[33,33028,55],{"class":47},[33,33030,91],{"class":79},[33,33032,24976],{"class":83},[33,33034,80],{"class":79},[33,33036,3061],{"class":47},[33,33038,33039],{"class":51}," 2022",[33,33041,55],{"class":47},[33,33043,91],{"class":79},[33,33045,33046],{"class":83},"color",[33,33048,80],{"class":79},[33,33050,3061],{"class":47},[33,33052,91],{"class":79},[33,33054,13263],{"class":83},[33,33056,80],{"class":79},[33,33058,9462],{"class":47},[33,33060,33061],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33062,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33064,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33066,1506],{"class":39},[33,33068,44],{"class":43},[33,33070,24998],{"class":39},[33,33072,310],{"class":47},[33,33074,1096],{"class":162},[33,33076,1671],{"class":47},[33,33078,33079],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33080,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33082,33083,33085,33087,33089],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,33084,157],{"class":156},[33,33086,133],{"class":47},[33,33088,1530],{"class":162},[33,33090,143],{"class":47},[33,33092,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,33094,157],{"class":156},[33,33096,133],{"class":47},[33,33098,1879],{"class":129},[33,33100,133],{"class":47},[33,33102,1530],{"class":162},[33,33104,733],{"class":47},[14,33106,207],{},[23,33108,33110],{"className":25,"code":33109,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[30,33111,33112,33138],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33113,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33115,17190],{"class":162},[33,33117,3162],{"class":47},[33,33119,236],{"class":79},[33,33121,24967],{"class":83},[33,33123,236],{"class":79},[33,33125,55],{"class":47},[33,33127,33039],{"class":51},[33,33129,55],{"class":47},[33,33131,245],{"class":79},[33,33133,13263],{"class":83},[33,33135,236],{"class":79},[33,33137,4059],{"class":47},[33,33139,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33141,217],{"class":47},[33,33143,236],{"class":79},[33,33145,24967],{"class":83},[33,33147,236],{"class":79},[33,33149,55],{"class":47},[33,33151,33039],{"class":51},[33,33153,55],{"class":47},[33,33155,245],{"class":79},[33,33157,13263],{"class":83},[33,33159,236],{"class":79},[33,33161,66],{"class":47},[14,33163,11836],{},[316,33165,33166,33172,33178,33186],{},[319,33167,33168,33171],{},[30,33169,33170],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[319,33173,33174,33177],{},[30,33175,33176],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[319,33179,33180,33183,33184,24771],{},[30,33181,33182],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[30,33185,17190],{},[319,33187,33188,33191],{},[30,33189,33190],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[18,33193,33195],{"id":33194},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33197,33198,33199,26216],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[30,33200,6117],{},[23,33202,33204],{"className":25,"code":33203,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[30,33205,33206,33250,33254,33270],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33209,5228],{"class":39},[33,33211,44],{"class":43},[33,33213,10644],{"class":47},[33,33215,80],{"class":79},[33,33217,18570],{"class":83},[33,33219,80],{"class":79},[33,33221,3061],{"class":47},[33,33223,20051],{"class":51},[33,33225,55],{"class":47},[33,33227,91],{"class":79},[33,33229,31307],{"class":83},[33,33231,80],{"class":79},[33,33233,3061],{"class":47},[33,33235,13661],{"class":51},[33,33237,55],{"class":47},[33,33239,91],{"class":79},[33,33241,18579],{"class":83},[33,33243,80],{"class":79},[33,33245,3061],{"class":47},[33,33247,29073],{"class":51},[33,33249,9462],{"class":47},[33,33251,33252],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33253,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33255,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33257,6117],{"class":4046},[33,33259,21738],{"class":39},[33,33261,4053],{"class":4046},[33,33263,5275],{"class":39},[33,33265,310],{"class":47},[33,33267,1096],{"class":162},[33,33269,21749],{"class":47},[33,33271,33272,33274,33276,33278],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33273,8227],{"class":156},[33,33275,133],{"class":47},[33,33277,2647],{"class":162},[33,33279,143],{"class":47},[14,33281,207],{},[23,33283,33285],{"className":25,"code":33284,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"90\n85\n88\n",[30,33286,33287,33292,33297],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33288,33289],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33290,33291],{"class":51},"90\n",[33,33293,33294],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33295,33296],{"class":51},"85\n",[33,33298,33299],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33300,33301],{"class":51},"88\n",[14,33303,17863],{},[316,33305,33306,33309,33312],{},[319,33307,33308],{},"You only need the values",[319,33310,33311],{},"You do not care about the keys",[319,33313,33314],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33316,33317,33318,453,33322,310],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[273,33319,10891,33320,887],{"href":17227},[30,33321,17230],{},[273,33323,22629],{"href":33324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[18,33326,33328],{"id":33327},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33330,672,33331,33333],{},[30,33332,32896],{}," when you need a list.",[23,33335,33337],{"className":25,"code":33336,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[30,33338,33339,33385,33389,33409,33413,33424],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33340,33341,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33377,33379,33381,33383],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33342,33343],{"class":39},"fruit_prices ",[33,33345,44],{"class":43},[33,33347,10644],{"class":47},[33,33349,80],{"class":79},[33,33351,386],{"class":83},[33,33353,80],{"class":79},[33,33355,3061],{"class":47},[33,33357,58],{"class":51},[33,33359,55],{"class":47},[33,33361,91],{"class":79},[33,33363,4255],{"class":83},[33,33365,80],{"class":79},[33,33367,3061],{"class":47},[33,33369,1119],{"class":51},[33,33371,55],{"class":47},[33,33373,91],{"class":79},[33,33375,33376],{"class":83},"orange",[33,33378,80],{"class":79},[33,33380,3061],{"class":47},[33,33382,63],{"class":51},[33,33384,9462],{"class":47},[33,33386,33387],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33388,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33390,33391,33394,33396,33398,33400,33403,33405,33407],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33392,33393],{"class":39},"price_list ",[33,33395,44],{"class":43},[33,33397,130],{"class":129},[33,33399,133],{"class":47},[33,33401,33402],{"class":162},"fruit_prices",[33,33404,310],{"class":47},[33,33406,1096],{"class":162},[33,33408,7353],{"class":47},[33,33410,33411],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33412,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33414,33415,33417,33419,33422],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,33416,157],{"class":156},[33,33418,133],{"class":47},[33,33420,33421],{"class":162},"price_list",[33,33423,143],{"class":47},[33,33425,33426,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,33427,157],{"class":156},[33,33429,133],{"class":47},[33,33431,33421],{"class":162},[33,33433,217],{"class":47},[33,33435,1114],{"class":51},[33,33437,4059],{"class":47},[14,33439,207],{},[23,33441,33443],{"className":25,"code":33442,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[30,33444,33445,33461],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33446,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33448,217],{"class":47},[33,33450,2234],{"class":51},[33,33452,55],{"class":47},[33,33454,1119],{"class":51},[33,33456,55],{"class":47},[33,33458,63],{"class":51},[33,33460,66],{"class":47},[33,33462,33463],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33464,17209],{"class":51},[14,33466,33467],{},"This is helpful for:",[316,33469,33470,33473,33476],{},[319,33471,33472],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[319,33474,33475],{},"Accessing values by index",[319,33477,33478],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33480,4093,33481,33483],{},[30,33482,17190],{}," is not the same as a list.",[18,33485,33487,10739,33489,10739,33491],{"id":33486},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[30,33488,17224],{},[30,33490,17218],{},[30,33492,17230],{},[14,33494,33495],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[316,33497,33498,33503,33508],{},[319,33499,33500,33502],{},[30,33501,17224],{}," returns only the values",[319,33504,33505,33507],{},[30,33506,17218],{}," returns only the keys",[319,33509,33510,33512],{},[30,33511,17230],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33514,2302],{},[23,33516,33518],{"className":25,"code":33517,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[30,33519,33520,33556,33560,33574,33588],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33521,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33523,13017],{"class":39},[33,33525,44],{"class":43},[33,33527,10644],{"class":47},[33,33529,80],{"class":79},[33,33531,7827],{"class":83},[33,33533,80],{"class":79},[33,33535,3061],{"class":47},[33,33537,91],{"class":79},[33,33539,84],{"class":83},[33,33541,80],{"class":79},[33,33543,55],{"class":47},[33,33545,91],{"class":79},[33,33547,9453],{"class":83},[33,33549,80],{"class":79},[33,33551,3061],{"class":47},[33,33553,7949],{"class":51},[33,33555,9462],{"class":47},[33,33557,33558],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33559,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33561,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33563,157],{"class":156},[33,33565,133],{"class":47},[33,33567,13779],{"class":162},[33,33569,310],{"class":47},[33,33571,17076],{"class":162},[33,33573,7353],{"class":47},[33,33575,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33577,157],{"class":156},[33,33579,133],{"class":47},[33,33581,13779],{"class":162},[33,33583,310],{"class":47},[33,33585,1096],{"class":162},[33,33587,7353],{"class":47},[33,33589,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,33591,157],{"class":156},[33,33593,133],{"class":47},[33,33595,13779],{"class":162},[33,33597,310],{"class":47},[33,33599,414],{"class":162},[33,33601,7353],{"class":47},[14,33603,207],{},[23,33605,33607],{"className":25,"code":33606,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[30,33608,33609,33631,33649],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33610,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33612,17167],{"class":162},[33,33614,3162],{"class":47},[33,33616,236],{"class":79},[33,33618,7827],{"class":83},[33,33620,236],{"class":79},[33,33622,55],{"class":47},[33,33624,245],{"class":79},[33,33626,9453],{"class":83},[33,33628,236],{"class":79},[33,33630,4059],{"class":47},[33,33632,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33634,17190],{"class":162},[33,33636,3162],{"class":47},[33,33638,236],{"class":79},[33,33640,84],{"class":83},[33,33642,236],{"class":79},[33,33644,55],{"class":47},[33,33646,7949],{"class":51},[33,33648,4059],{"class":47},[33,33650,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33652,22062],{"class":162},[33,33654,9811],{"class":47},[33,33656,236],{"class":79},[33,33658,7827],{"class":83},[33,33660,236],{"class":79},[33,33662,55],{"class":47},[33,33664,7949],{"class":51},[33,33666,10833],{"class":47},[14,33668,18848],{},[316,33670,33671,33678,33685],{},[319,33672,33673,33677],{},[273,33674,33675],{"href":17215},[30,33676,17218],{}," when you need just the keys",[319,33679,33680,33684],{},[273,33681,33682],{"href":17221},[30,33683,17224],{}," when you need just the values",[319,33686,33687,33691],{},[273,33688,33689],{"href":17227},[30,33690,17230],{}," when you need both",[18,33693,1288],{"id":1287},[14,33695,33696,33697,310],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[30,33698,17224],{},[664,33700,29803,33702,33704],{"id":33701},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[30,33703,17224],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33706,33707,33709],{},[30,33708,17224],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33711,16796],{},[23,33713,33715],{"className":25,"code":33714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[30,33716,33717,33737],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33718,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33720,698],{"class":39},[33,33722,44],{"class":43},[33,33724,48],{"class":47},[33,33726,52],{"class":51},[33,33728,55],{"class":47},[33,33730,58],{"class":51},[33,33732,55],{"class":47},[33,33734,63],{"class":51},[33,33736,66],{"class":47},[33,33738,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33740,157],{"class":156},[33,33742,133],{"class":47},[33,33744,715],{"class":162},[33,33746,310],{"class":47},[33,33748,1096],{"class":162},[33,33750,7353],{"class":47},[14,33752,33753,33754,33756],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[30,33755,17224],{}," method.",[14,33758,33759],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[23,33761,33763],{"className":25,"code":33762,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(my_list))\n",[30,33764,33765],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33766,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33768,157],{"class":156},[33,33770,133],{"class":47},[33,33772,1406],{"class":129},[33,33774,133],{"class":47},[33,33776,715],{"class":162},[33,33778,733],{"class":47},[14,33780,33781,33782,33784,33785,310],{},"If you get an ",[30,33783,25825],{},", see ",[273,33786,25833,33787,33789],{"href":25832},[30,33788,25836],{}," errors",[664,33791,4744,33793,33795],{"id":33792},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[30,33794,17224],{}," returns a list",[14,33797,33798],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[23,33800,33802],{"className":25,"code":33801,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[30,33803,33804,33840,33854,33858],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33805,33806,33808,33810,33812,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834,33836,33838],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33807,13017],{"class":39},[33,33809,44],{"class":43},[33,33811,10644],{"class":47},[33,33813,80],{"class":79},[33,33815,7827],{"class":83},[33,33817,80],{"class":79},[33,33819,3061],{"class":47},[33,33821,91],{"class":79},[33,33823,84],{"class":83},[33,33825,80],{"class":79},[33,33827,55],{"class":47},[33,33829,91],{"class":79},[33,33831,9453],{"class":83},[33,33833,80],{"class":79},[33,33835,3061],{"class":47},[33,33837,7949],{"class":51},[33,33839,9462],{"class":47},[33,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33843,1071],{"class":39},[33,33845,44],{"class":43},[33,33847,13059],{"class":39},[33,33849,310],{"class":47},[33,33851,1096],{"class":162},[33,33853,1671],{"class":47},[33,33855,33856],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33857,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33859,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33861,157],{"class":156},[33,33863,133],{"class":47},[33,33865,1406],{"class":129},[33,33867,133],{"class":47},[33,33869,1096],{"class":162},[33,33871,733],{"class":47},[14,33873,207],{},[23,33875,33877],{"className":25,"code":33876,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[30,33878,33879],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33880,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33882,1427],{"class":43},[33,33884,1431],{"class":1430},[33,33886,245],{"class":79},[33,33888,17190],{"class":83},[33,33890,236],{"class":79},[33,33892,1441],{"class":43},[14,33894,5312,33895,33897],{},[30,33896,17190],{},", not a list.",[14,33899,33900],{},"If you need a list:",[23,33902,33904],{"className":25,"code":33903,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = list(student.values())\n",[30,33905,33906],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33907,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920,33922],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33909,1071],{"class":39},[33,33911,44],{"class":43},[33,33913,130],{"class":129},[33,33915,133],{"class":47},[33,33917,13779],{"class":162},[33,33919,310],{"class":47},[33,33921,1096],{"class":162},[33,33923,7353],{"class":47},[664,33925,33927,33928],{"id":33926},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[30,33929,17190],{},[14,33931,33932],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[23,33934,33936],{"className":25,"code":33935,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[30,33937,33938,33974,33988,33992],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,33939,33940,33942,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,33941,13017],{"class":39},[33,33943,44],{"class":43},[33,33945,10644],{"class":47},[33,33947,80],{"class":79},[33,33949,7827],{"class":83},[33,33951,80],{"class":79},[33,33953,3061],{"class":47},[33,33955,91],{"class":79},[33,33957,84],{"class":83},[33,33959,80],{"class":79},[33,33961,55],{"class":47},[33,33963,91],{"class":79},[33,33965,9453],{"class":83},[33,33967,80],{"class":79},[33,33969,3061],{"class":47},[33,33971,7949],{"class":51},[33,33973,9462],{"class":47},[33,33975,33976,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,33977,1071],{"class":39},[33,33979,44],{"class":43},[33,33981,13059],{"class":39},[33,33983,310],{"class":47},[33,33985,1096],{"class":162},[33,33987,1671],{"class":47},[33,33989,33990],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,33991,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,33993,33994],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,33995,33996],{"class":1308},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33998,33999],{},"Convert to a list first:",[23,34001,34003],{"className":25,"code":34002,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[30,34004,34005,34041,34059,34063],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34006,34007,34009,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34008,13017],{"class":39},[33,34010,44],{"class":43},[33,34012,10644],{"class":47},[33,34014,80],{"class":79},[33,34016,7827],{"class":83},[33,34018,80],{"class":79},[33,34020,3061],{"class":47},[33,34022,91],{"class":79},[33,34024,84],{"class":83},[33,34026,80],{"class":79},[33,34028,55],{"class":47},[33,34030,91],{"class":79},[33,34032,9453],{"class":83},[33,34034,80],{"class":79},[33,34036,3061],{"class":47},[33,34038,7949],{"class":51},[33,34040,9462],{"class":47},[33,34042,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34044,1071],{"class":39},[33,34046,44],{"class":43},[33,34048,130],{"class":129},[33,34050,133],{"class":47},[33,34052,13779],{"class":162},[33,34054,310],{"class":47},[33,34056,1096],{"class":162},[33,34058,7353],{"class":47},[33,34060,34061],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,34062,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,34066,157],{"class":156},[33,34068,133],{"class":47},[33,34070,1096],{"class":162},[33,34072,217],{"class":47},[33,34074,1114],{"class":51},[33,34076,4059],{"class":47},[664,34078,1357,34080,1361,34082],{"id":34079},"using-values-instead-of-values",[30,34081,1096],{},[30,34083,17224],{},[14,34085,34086],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[23,34088,34090],{"className":25,"code":34089,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[30,34091,34092,34128,34132],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34093,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112,34114,34116,34118,34120,34122,34124,34126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34095,13017],{"class":39},[33,34097,44],{"class":43},[33,34099,10644],{"class":47},[33,34101,80],{"class":79},[33,34103,7827],{"class":83},[33,34105,80],{"class":79},[33,34107,3061],{"class":47},[33,34109,91],{"class":79},[33,34111,84],{"class":83},[33,34113,80],{"class":79},[33,34115,55],{"class":47},[33,34117,91],{"class":79},[33,34119,9453],{"class":83},[33,34121,80],{"class":79},[33,34123,3061],{"class":47},[33,34125,7949],{"class":51},[33,34127,9462],{"class":47},[33,34129,34130],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34131,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,34133,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,34135,157],{"class":156},[33,34137,133],{"class":47},[33,34139,13779],{"class":162},[33,34141,310],{"class":47},[33,34143,1096],{"class":24904},[33,34145,143],{"class":47},[14,34147,34148,34151],{},[30,34149,34150],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34153,18848],{},[23,34155,34157],{"className":25,"code":34156,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(student.values())\n",[30,34158,34159],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34160,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34162,157],{"class":156},[33,34164,133],{"class":47},[33,34166,13779],{"class":162},[33,34168,310],{"class":47},[33,34170,1096],{"class":162},[33,34172,7353],{"class":47},[664,34174,34176],{"id":34175},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34178,34179],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[23,34181,34183],{"className":25,"code":34182,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[30,34184,34185,34217],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34186,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195,34197,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213,34215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34188,1181],{"class":39},[33,34190,44],{"class":43},[33,34192,10644],{"class":47},[33,34194,80],{"class":79},[33,34196,273],{"class":83},[33,34198,80],{"class":79},[33,34200,3061],{"class":47},[33,34202,1119],{"class":51},[33,34204,55],{"class":47},[33,34206,91],{"class":79},[33,34208,282],{"class":83},[33,34210,80],{"class":79},[33,34212,3061],{"class":47},[33,34214,58],{"class":51},[33,34216,9462],{"class":47},[33,34218,34219,34221,34223,34225,34227,34229],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34220,157],{"class":156},[33,34222,133],{"class":47},[33,34224,1230],{"class":162},[33,34226,310],{"class":47},[33,34228,1096],{"class":162},[33,34230,7353],{"class":47},[14,34232,34233],{},"Not like this:",[23,34235,34237],{"className":25,"code":34236,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[30,34238,34239,34244,34249],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34240,34241],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34242,34243],{"class":1308},"# Wrong examples:\n",[33,34245,34246],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34247,34248],{"class":1308},"# data().values()\n",[33,34250,34251],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,34252,34253],{"class":1308},"# values(data)\n",[14,34255,3513],{},[23,34257,34259],{"className":25,"code":34258,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[30,34260,34261,34275,34285,34299],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34262,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34264,157],{"class":156},[33,34266,133],{"class":47},[33,34268,1406],{"class":129},[33,34270,133],{"class":47},[33,34272,11601],{"class":162},[33,34274,733],{"class":47},[33,34276,34277,34279,34281,34283],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34278,157],{"class":156},[33,34280,133],{"class":47},[33,34282,11601],{"class":162},[33,34284,143],{"class":47},[33,34286,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,34288,157],{"class":156},[33,34290,133],{"class":47},[33,34292,11601],{"class":162},[33,34294,310],{"class":47},[33,34296,1096],{"class":162},[33,34298,7353],{"class":47},[33,34300,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,34302,157],{"class":156},[33,34304,133],{"class":47},[33,34306,1879],{"class":129},[33,34308,133],{"class":47},[33,34310,11601],{"class":162},[33,34312,310],{"class":47},[33,34314,1096],{"class":162},[33,34316,6449],{"class":47},[18,34318,1961],{"id":1960},[664,34320,2007,34322,5309],{"id":34321},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[30,34323,32475],{},[14,34325,17574,34326,34328],{},[30,34327,17190],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[664,34330,12857,34332,24085],{"id":34331},"does-values-return-a-list",[30,34333,17224],{},[14,34335,24088,34336,24092],{},[30,34337,34338],{},"list(...)",[664,34340,26208,34342,2033],{"id":34341},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[30,34343,32475],{},[14,34345,34346,34347,26216],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[30,34348,6117],{},[664,34350,12857,34352,34354],{"id":34351},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[30,34353,32475],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34356,34357],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[664,34359,34361,34362,34364,34365,2033],{"id":34360},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[30,34363,17224],{}," different from ",[30,34366,17230],{},[14,34368,34369,34371,34372,34374],{},[30,34370,17224],{}," returns only values. ",[30,34373,17230],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[18,34376,2045],{"id":2044},[316,34378,34379,34385,34391,34395,34401,34405],{},[319,34380,34381],{},[273,34382,10891,34383,887],{"href":17215},[30,34384,17218],{},[319,34386,34387],{},[273,34388,10891,34389,887],{"href":17227},[30,34390,17230],{},[319,34392,34393],{},[273,34394,11394],{"href":9544},[319,34396,34397],{},[273,34398,34400],{"href":34399},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[319,34402,34403],{},[273,34404,24170],{"href":33324},[319,34406,34407],{},[273,34408,30501,34409],{"href":25832},[30,34410,34411],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2097,34413,34414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":34416},[34417,34418,34420,34421,34423,34424,34425,34426,34428,34439,34451],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":32645,"depth":69,"text":34419},"What values() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":32715,"depth":69,"text":34422},"What values() returns",{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":33194,"depth":69,"text":33195},{"id":33327,"depth":69,"text":33328},{"id":33486,"depth":69,"text":34427},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":34429},[34430,34432,34434,34436,34438],{"id":33701,"depth":110,"text":34431},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33792,"depth":110,"text":34433},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33926,"depth":110,"text":34435},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34079,"depth":110,"text":34437},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34175,"depth":110,"text":34176},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":34440},[34441,34443,34445,34447,34449],{"id":34321,"depth":110,"text":34442},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34331,"depth":110,"text":34444},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34341,"depth":110,"text":34446},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34351,"depth":110,"text":34448},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34360,"depth":110,"text":34450},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32462,"description":34452},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34458,"title":34459,"body":34460,"description":35890,"extension":2138,"meta":35891,"navigation":149,"path":35892,"seo":35893,"stem":35894,"__hash__":35895},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34461,"toc":35842},[34462,34468,34473,34476,34492,34501,34503,34535,34541,34544,34638,34641,34646,34651,34654,34665,34667,34681,34687,34689,34694,34700,34703,34742,34750,34755,34758,34803,34806,34818,34824,34830,34834,34867,34870,34888,34891,34895,34934,34936,34956,34959,34971,34976,34982,34985,35040,35043,35054,35057,35068,35071,35075,35081,35083,35113,35116,35131,35134,35137,35156,35159,35175,35184,35186,35217,35223,35228,35231,35238,35269,35272,35294,35297,35300,35314,35318,35349,35364,35371,35378,35382,35390,35394,35402,35405,35454,35465,35467,35470,35476,35481,35491,35495,35498,35501,35505,35508,35510,35531,35535,35541,35552,35558,35560,35566,35590,35593,35656,35659,35687,35690,35752,35754,35759,35762,35769,35777,35784,35787,35795,35801,35803,35830,35839],[10,34463,2076,34465,2079],{"id":34464},"python-dir-function-explained",[30,34466,34467],{},"dir()",[14,34469,32472,34470,34472],{},[30,34471,34467],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34474,34475],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[316,34477,34478,34481,34484,34489],{},[319,34479,34480],{},"learning Python",[319,34482,34483],{},"exploring a new object",[319,34485,34486,34487],{},"debugging an ",[30,34488,25825],{},[319,34490,34491],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34493,34494,34495,34497,34498],{},"In short, ",[30,34496,34467],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[205,34499,34500],{},"“What can I use here?”",[18,34502,2180],{"id":2179},[23,34504,34506],{"className":25,"code":34505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[30,34507,34508,34520],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34509,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34511,8034],{"class":39},[33,34513,44],{"class":43},[33,34515,91],{"class":79},[33,34517,545],{"class":83},[33,34519,3532],{"class":79},[33,34521,34522,34524,34526,34529,34531,34533],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34523,157],{"class":156},[33,34525,133],{"class":47},[33,34527,34528],{"class":156},"dir",[33,34530,133],{"class":47},[33,34532,7827],{"class":162},[33,34534,733],{"class":47},[14,34536,672,34537,34540],{},[30,34538,34539],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34542,34543],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[23,34545,34547],{"className":25,"code":34546,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[30,34548,34549],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34550,34551,34553,34555,34558,34560,34562,34564,34567,34569,34571,34573,34576,34578,34580,34582,34585,34587,34589,34591,34594,34596,34598,34600,34603,34605,34607,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619,34621,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631,34634,34636],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34552,217],{"class":47},[33,34554,236],{"class":79},[33,34556,34557],{"class":83},"__add__",[33,34559,236],{"class":79},[33,34561,55],{"class":47},[33,34563,245],{"class":79},[33,34565,34566],{"class":83},"__class__",[33,34568,236],{"class":79},[33,34570,55],{"class":47},[33,34572,245],{"class":79},[33,34574,34575],{"class":83},"__contains__",[33,34577,236],{"class":79},[33,34579,55],{"class":47},[33,34581,245],{"class":79},[33,34583,34584],{"class":83},"__delattr__",[33,34586,236],{"class":79},[33,34588,55],{"class":47},[33,34590,245],{"class":79},[33,34592,34593],{"class":83},"__dir__",[33,34595,236],{"class":79},[33,34597,55],{"class":47},[33,34599,245],{"class":79},[33,34601,34602],{"class":83},"__doc__",[33,34604,236],{"class":79},[33,34606,55],{"class":47},[33,34608,34610],{"class":34609},"s_hVV"," ...",[33,34612,55],{"class":47},[33,34614,245],{"class":79},[33,34616,8796],{"class":83},[33,34618,236],{"class":79},[33,34620,55],{"class":47},[33,34622,245],{"class":79},[33,34624,1668],{"class":83},[33,34626,236],{"class":79},[33,34628,55],{"class":47},[33,34630,245],{"class":79},[33,34632,34633],{"class":83},"upper",[33,34635,236],{"class":79},[33,34637,66],{"class":47},[14,34639,34640],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[18,34642,3848,34644,3851],{"id":34643},"what-dir-does",[30,34645,34467],{},[14,34647,34648,34650],{},[30,34649,34467],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34652,34653],{},"It usually includes:",[316,34655,34656,34659,34662],{},[319,34657,34658],{},"attributes",[319,34660,34661],{},"methods",[319,34663,34664],{},"special Python names",[14,34666,11610],{},[316,34668,34669,34675,34678],{},[319,34670,34671,34672],{},"The result is a ",[205,34673,34674],{},"list of strings",[319,34676,34677],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[319,34679,34680],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34682,34683,34684,34686],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[30,34685,34467],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[18,34688,2334],{"id":2333},[14,34690,34691,34693],{},[30,34692,34467],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[664,34695,34697,34699],{"id":34696},"dir-with-no-argument",[30,34698,34467],{}," with no argument",[14,34701,34702],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[23,34704,34706],{"className":25,"code":34705,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[30,34707,34708,34716,34728,34732],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34709,34710,34712,34714],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34711,3201],{"class":39},[33,34713,44],{"class":43},[33,34715,2762],{"class":51},[33,34717,34718,34720,34722,34724,34726],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34719,8034],{"class":39},[33,34721,44],{"class":43},[33,34723,91],{"class":79},[33,34725,7836],{"class":83},[33,34727,3532],{"class":79},[33,34729,34730],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,34731,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,34733,34734,34736,34738,34740],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,34735,157],{"class":156},[33,34737,133],{"class":47},[33,34739,34528],{"class":156},[33,34741,7353],{"class":47},[14,34743,34744,34745,2030,34747,34749],{},"This will show names such as ",[30,34746,2351],{},[30,34748,7827],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[664,34751,34753],{"id":34752},"dirobject",[30,34754,34539],{},[14,34756,34757],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[23,34759,34761],{"className":25,"code":34760,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[30,34762,34763,34781],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34764,34765,34767,34769,34771,34773,34775,34777,34779],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34766,157],{"class":156},[33,34768,133],{"class":47},[33,34770,34528],{"class":156},[33,34772,133],{"class":47},[33,34774,80],{"class":79},[33,34776,545],{"class":83},[33,34778,80],{"class":79},[33,34780,733],{"class":47},[33,34782,34783,34785,34787,34789,34791,34793,34795,34797,34799,34801],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34784,157],{"class":156},[33,34786,133],{"class":47},[33,34788,34528],{"class":156},[33,34790,3162],{"class":47},[33,34792,52],{"class":51},[33,34794,55],{"class":47},[33,34796,58],{"class":51},[33,34798,55],{"class":47},[33,34800,63],{"class":51},[33,34802,3175],{"class":47},[14,34804,34805],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[316,34807,34808,34810,34812,34815],{},[319,34809,906],{},[319,34811,5464],{},[319,34813,34814],{},"modules",[319,34816,34817],{},"custom objects",[18,34819,1357,34821,34823],{"id":34820},"using-dir-with-a-value",[30,34822,34467],{}," with a value",[14,34825,34826,34827,34829],{},"A common use of ",[30,34828,34467],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[664,34831,34833],{"id":34832},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[23,34835,34837],{"className":25,"code":34836,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[30,34838,34839,34852],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34840,34841,34844,34846,34848,34850],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34842,34843],{"class":39},"text ",[33,34845,44],{"class":43},[33,34847,91],{"class":79},[33,34849,545],{"class":83},[33,34851,3532],{"class":79},[33,34853,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862,34865],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34855,157],{"class":156},[33,34857,133],{"class":47},[33,34859,34528],{"class":156},[33,34861,133],{"class":47},[33,34863,34864],{"class":162},"text",[33,34866,733],{"class":47},[14,34868,34869],{},"You will see method names like:",[316,34871,34872,34876,34880,34884],{},[319,34873,34874],{},[30,34875,8796],{},[319,34877,34878],{},[30,34879,34633],{},[319,34881,34882],{},[30,34883,1668],{},[319,34885,34886],{},[30,34887,8790],{},[14,34889,34890],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[664,34892,34894],{"id":34893},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[23,34896,34898],{"className":25,"code":34897,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[30,34899,34900,34920],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34901,34902,34904,34906,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916,34918],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34903,40],{"class":39},[33,34905,44],{"class":43},[33,34907,48],{"class":47},[33,34909,52],{"class":51},[33,34911,55],{"class":47},[33,34913,58],{"class":51},[33,34915,55],{"class":47},[33,34917,63],{"class":51},[33,34919,66],{"class":47},[33,34921,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930,34932],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,34923,157],{"class":156},[33,34925,133],{"class":47},[33,34927,34528],{"class":156},[33,34929,133],{"class":47},[33,34931,163],{"class":162},[33,34933,733],{"class":47},[14,34935,34869],{},[316,34937,34938,34942,34946,34951],{},[319,34939,34940],{},[30,34941,780],{},[319,34943,34944],{},[30,34945,26393],{},[319,34947,34948],{},[30,34949,34950],{},"remove",[319,34952,34953],{},[30,34954,34955],{},"sort",[14,34957,34958],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34960,34961,34962,34967,34968,34970],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[273,34963,34965],{"href":34964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[30,34966,2478],{}," can help first. Then ",[30,34969,34467],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[18,34972,1357,34974,34699],{"id":34973},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[30,34975,34467],{},[14,34977,34978,34979,34981],{},"When used with no argument, ",[30,34980,34467],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34983,34984],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[23,34986,34988],{"className":25,"code":34987,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[30,34989,34990,34999,35003,35014,35026,35030],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,34991,34992,34994,34996],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,34993,3201],{"class":39},[33,34995,44],{"class":43},[33,34997,34998],{"class":51}," 5\n",[33,35000,35001],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35002,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35004,35005,35008,35012],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35006,35007],{"class":1430},"def",[33,35009,35011],{"class":35010},"sGLFI"," greet",[33,35013,21749],{"class":47},[33,35015,35016,35019,35021,35024],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,35017,35018],{"class":4046},"    return",[33,35020,91],{"class":79},[33,35022,35023],{"class":83},"Hello",[33,35025,3532],{"class":79},[33,35027,35028],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,35029,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35031,35032,35034,35036,35038],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,35033,157],{"class":156},[33,35035,133],{"class":47},[33,35037,34528],{"class":156},[33,35039,7353],{"class":47},[14,35041,35042],{},"The output will include names like:",[316,35044,35045,35049],{},[319,35046,35047],{},[30,35048,2351],{},[319,35050,35051],{},[30,35052,35053],{},"greet",[14,35055,35056],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[316,35058,35059,35062,35065],{},[319,35060,35061],{},"what variables exist",[319,35063,35064],{},"what functions you have defined",[319,35066,35067],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35069,35070],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[18,35072,35074],{"id":35073},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35076,35077,35078,35080],{},"When you first use ",[30,35079,34467],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35082,367],{},[23,35084,35085],{"className":25,"code":34836,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,35086,35087,35099],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35088,35089,35091,35093,35095,35097],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35090,34843],{"class":39},[33,35092,44],{"class":43},[33,35094,91],{"class":79},[33,35096,545],{"class":83},[33,35098,3532],{"class":79},[33,35100,35101,35103,35105,35107,35109,35111],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35102,157],{"class":156},[33,35104,133],{"class":47},[33,35106,34528],{"class":156},[33,35108,133],{"class":47},[33,35110,34864],{"class":162},[33,35112,733],{"class":47},[14,35114,35115],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[316,35117,35118,35122,35126],{},[319,35119,35120],{},[30,35121,34566],{},[319,35123,35124],{},[30,35125,34602],{},[319,35127,35128],{},[30,35129,35130],{},"__len__",[14,35132,35133],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35135,35136],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[316,35138,35139,35143,35147,35151],{},[319,35140,35141],{},[30,35142,34633],{},[319,35144,35145],{},[30,35146,8796],{},[319,35148,35149],{},[30,35150,1668],{},[319,35152,35153],{},[30,35154,35155],{},"replace",[14,35157,35158],{},"A key point to remember:",[316,35160,35161,35169],{},[319,35162,35163,35165,35166],{},[30,35164,34467],{}," lists ",[205,35167,35168],{},"names only",[319,35170,35171,35172,35174],{},"it does ",[205,35173,4796],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35176,35177,35178,310],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[273,35179,35181],{"href":35180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[30,35182,35183],{},"help()",[14,35185,5632],{},[23,35187,35189],{"className":25,"code":35188,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[30,35190,35191,35203],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35192,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35194,8034],{"class":39},[33,35196,44],{"class":43},[33,35198,91],{"class":79},[33,35200,545],{"class":83},[33,35202,3532],{"class":79},[33,35204,35205,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35206,32307],{"class":156},[33,35208,133],{"class":47},[33,35210,7827],{"class":162},[33,35212,310],{"class":47},[33,35214,34633],{"class":24904},[33,35216,143],{"class":47},[18,35218,35220,35222],{"id":35219},"dir-on-modules",[30,35221,34467],{}," on modules",[14,35224,15866,35225,35227],{},[30,35226,34467],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35229,35230],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[664,35232,35234,35235,35237],{"id":35233},"example-math-module","Example: ",[30,35236,18570],{}," module",[23,35239,35241],{"className":25,"code":35240,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[30,35242,35243,35251,35255],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35244,35245,35248],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35246,35247],{"class":4046},"import",[33,35249,35250],{"class":39}," math\n",[33,35252,35253],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35254,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35256,35257,35259,35261,35263,35265,35267],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35258,157],{"class":156},[33,35260,133],{"class":47},[33,35262,34528],{"class":156},[33,35264,133],{"class":47},[33,35266,18570],{"class":162},[33,35268,733],{"class":47},[14,35270,35271],{},"You may see names like:",[316,35273,35274,35279,35284,35289],{},[319,35275,35276],{},[30,35277,35278],{},"sqrt",[319,35280,35281],{},[30,35282,35283],{},"ceil",[319,35285,35286],{},[30,35287,35288],{},"floor",[319,35290,35291],{},[30,35292,35293],{},"pi",[14,35295,35296],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35298,35299],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[316,35301,35302,35308],{},[319,35303,35304],{},[273,35305,35307],{"href":35306},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[319,35309,35310],{},[273,35311,35313],{"href":35312},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[664,35315,35317],{"id":35316},"another-example","Another example",[23,35319,35321],{"className":25,"code":35320,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[30,35322,35323,35330,35334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35324,35325,35327],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35326,35247],{"class":4046},[33,35328,35329],{"class":39}," json\n",[33,35331,35332],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35333,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35335,35336,35338,35340,35342,35344,35347],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35337,157],{"class":156},[33,35339,133],{"class":47},[33,35341,34528],{"class":156},[33,35343,133],{"class":47},[33,35345,35346],{"class":162},"json",[33,35348,733],{"class":47},[14,35350,35351,35352,1931,35355,1931,35358,1938,35361,310],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[30,35353,35354],{},"dump",[30,35356,35357],{},"dumps",[30,35359,35360],{},"load",[30,35362,35363],{},"loads",[18,35365,35367,10739,35369],{"id":35366},"dir-vs-help",[30,35368,34467],{},[30,35370,35183],{},[14,35372,35373,2030,35375,35377],{},[30,35374,34467],{},[30,35376,35183],{}," are often used together.",[664,35379,35380],{"id":34528},[30,35381,34467],{},[316,35383,35384,35387],{},[319,35385,35386],{},"shows available names",[319,35388,35389],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[664,35391,35392],{"id":32307},[30,35393,35183],{},[316,35395,35396,35399],{},[319,35397,35398],{},"explains what an object or function does",[319,35400,35401],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35403,35404],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[23,35406,35408],{"className":25,"code":35407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[30,35409,35410,35422,35426,35440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35411,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35413,8034],{"class":39},[33,35415,44],{"class":43},[33,35417,91],{"class":79},[33,35419,545],{"class":83},[33,35421,3532],{"class":79},[33,35423,35424],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35425,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35427,35428,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35429,157],{"class":156},[33,35431,133],{"class":47},[33,35433,34528],{"class":156},[33,35435,133],{"class":47},[33,35437,7827],{"class":162},[33,35439,733],{"class":47},[33,35441,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,35443,32307],{"class":156},[33,35445,133],{"class":47},[33,35447,7827],{"class":162},[33,35449,310],{"class":47},[33,35451,34633],{"class":24904},[33,35453,143],{"class":47},[14,35455,672,35456,35458,35459,35461,35462,35464],{},[30,35457,34467],{}," first to find a method name.",[9999,35460],{},"\nThen use ",[30,35463,35183],{}," to understand how to use it.",[18,35466,25511],{"id":25510},[14,35468,35469],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[664,35471,35473,35475],{"id":35472},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[30,35474,34467],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35477,35478,35480],{},[30,35479,34467],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35482,35483,35484,35486,35487,35490],{},"For example, seeing ",[30,35485,34633],{}," in ",[30,35488,35489],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[664,35492,35494],{"id":35493},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35496,35497],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35499,35500],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[664,35502,35504],{"id":35503},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35506,35507],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35509,5632],{},[316,35511,35512,35517,35523],{},[319,35513,35514,35516],{},[30,35515,35489],{}," shows string-related names",[319,35518,35519,35522],{},[30,35520,35521],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[319,35524,35525,35528,35529,35237],{},[30,35526,35527],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[30,35530,18570],{},[664,35532,35534],{"id":35533},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35536,35537,35538,35540],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[30,35539,34467],{}," does not mean you already know:",[316,35542,35543,35546,35549],{},[319,35544,35545],{},"what it does",[319,35547,35548],{},"what arguments it needs",[319,35550,35551],{},"what it returns",[14,35553,35554,35555,35557],{},"That is why ",[30,35556,35183],{}," is the natural next step.",[18,35559,3006],{"id":3005},[14,35561,35562,35563,35565],{},"Beginners often use ",[30,35564,34467],{}," in these situations:",[316,35567,35568,35571,35580,35583],{},[319,35569,35570],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[319,35572,35573,35574,35579],{},"Seeing an ",[273,35575,35577],{"href":35576},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[30,35578,25825],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[319,35581,35582],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[319,35584,1357,35585,35587,35588],{},[30,35586,34467],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[30,35589,35183],{},[14,35591,35592],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[23,35594,35596],{"className":25,"code":35595,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[30,35597,35598,35610,35614,35628,35642],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35599,35600,35602,35604,35606,35608],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35601,8034],{"class":39},[33,35603,44],{"class":43},[33,35605,91],{"class":79},[33,35607,545],{"class":83},[33,35609,3532],{"class":79},[33,35611,35612],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35613,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35615,35616,35618,35620,35622,35624,35626],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35617,157],{"class":156},[33,35619,133],{"class":47},[33,35621,1406],{"class":129},[33,35623,133],{"class":47},[33,35625,7827],{"class":162},[33,35627,733],{"class":47},[33,35629,35630,35632,35634,35636,35638,35640],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,35631,157],{"class":156},[33,35633,133],{"class":47},[33,35635,34528],{"class":156},[33,35637,133],{"class":47},[33,35639,7827],{"class":162},[33,35641,733],{"class":47},[33,35643,35644,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,35645,32307],{"class":156},[33,35647,133],{"class":47},[33,35649,7827],{"class":162},[33,35651,310],{"class":47},[33,35653,34633],{"class":24904},[33,35655,143],{"class":47},[14,35657,35658],{},"And for modules:",[23,35660,35661],{"className":25,"code":35240,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,35662,35663,35669,35673],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35664,35665,35667],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35666,35247],{"class":4046},[33,35668,35250],{"class":39},[33,35670,35671],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35672,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35674,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35676,157],{"class":156},[33,35678,133],{"class":47},[33,35680,34528],{"class":156},[33,35682,133],{"class":47},[33,35684,18570],{"class":162},[33,35686,733],{"class":47},[14,35688,35689],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[23,35691,35693],{"className":25,"code":35692,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[30,35694,35695,35700,35712,35722,35736,35742],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35696,35697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35698,35699],{"class":39},"python\n",[33,35701,35702,35704,35706,35708,35710],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35703,8034],{"class":39},[33,35705,44],{"class":43},[33,35707,91],{"class":79},[33,35709,545],{"class":83},[33,35711,3532],{"class":79},[33,35713,35714,35716,35718,35720],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35715,34528],{"class":156},[33,35717,133],{"class":47},[33,35719,7827],{"class":162},[33,35721,143],{"class":47},[33,35723,35724,35726,35728,35730,35732,35734],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,35725,32307],{"class":156},[33,35727,133],{"class":47},[33,35729,7827],{"class":162},[33,35731,310],{"class":47},[33,35733,34633],{"class":24904},[33,35735,143],{"class":47},[33,35737,35738,35740],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,35739,35247],{"class":4046},[33,35741,35250],{"class":39},[33,35743,35744,35746,35748,35750],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,35745,34528],{"class":156},[33,35747,133],{"class":47},[33,35749,18570],{"class":162},[33,35751,143],{"class":47},[18,35753,1961],{"id":1960},[664,35755,2007,35757,5309],{"id":35756},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[30,35758,34467],{},[14,35760,35761],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[664,35763,2027,35765,2030,35767,2033],{"id":35764},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[30,35766,34467],{},[30,35768,35183],{},[14,35770,35771,35773,35774,35776],{},[30,35772,34467],{}," lists available names. ",[30,35775,35183],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[664,35778,35780,35781,35783],{"id":35779},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[30,35782,34467],{}," output?",[14,35785,35786],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[664,35788,5334,35790,35792,35793,2033],{"id":35789},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[30,35791,34467],{}," help fix ",[30,35794,25825],{},[14,35796,35797,35798,310],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[273,35799,35800],{"href":35576},"object has no attribute",[18,35802,2045],{"id":2044},[316,35804,35805,35811,35816,35820,35824],{},[319,35806,35807],{},[273,35808,2076,35809,3683],{"href":35180},[30,35810,35183],{},[319,35812,35813],{},[273,35814,35815],{"href":35576},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[319,35817,35818],{},[273,35819,35307],{"href":35306},[319,35821,35822],{},[273,35823,35313],{"href":35312},[319,35825,35826],{},[273,35827,2076,35828,3683],{"href":34964},[30,35829,2478],{},[14,35831,35832,35833,35835,35836,35838],{},"A good habit is to use ",[30,35834,34467],{}," together with ",[30,35837,35183],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2097,35840,35841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":35843},[35844,35845,35847,35852,35857,35859,35860,35866,35871,35878,35879,35889],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":34643,"depth":69,"text":35846},"What dir() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":35848},[35849,35851],{"id":34696,"depth":110,"text":35850},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34752,"depth":110,"text":34539},{"id":34820,"depth":69,"text":35853,"children":35854},"Using dir() with a value",[35855,35856],{"id":34832,"depth":110,"text":34833},{"id":34893,"depth":110,"text":34894},{"id":34973,"depth":69,"text":35858},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35073,"depth":69,"text":35074},{"id":35219,"depth":69,"text":35861,"children":35862},"dir() on modules",[35863,35865],{"id":35233,"depth":110,"text":35864},"Example: math module",{"id":35316,"depth":110,"text":35317},{"id":35366,"depth":69,"text":35867,"children":35868},"dir() vs help()",[35869,35870],{"id":34528,"depth":110,"text":34467},{"id":32307,"depth":110,"text":35183},{"id":25510,"depth":69,"text":25511,"children":35872},[35873,35875,35876,35877],{"id":35472,"depth":110,"text":35874},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35493,"depth":110,"text":35494},{"id":35503,"depth":110,"text":35504},{"id":35533,"depth":110,"text":35534},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":35880},[35881,35883,35885,35887],{"id":35756,"depth":110,"text":35882},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35764,"depth":110,"text":35884},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35779,"depth":110,"text":35886},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35789,"depth":110,"text":35888},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34459,"description":35890},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35897,"title":35898,"body":35899,"description":37714,"extension":2138,"meta":37715,"navigation":149,"path":37716,"seo":37717,"stem":37718,"__hash__":37719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35900,"toc":37683},[35901,35907,35912,35915,35923,35929,35931,36011,36013,36039,36044,36049,36054,36057,36068,36071,36073,36150,36152,36178,36185,36187,36189,36214,36217,36230,36235,36237,36316,36318,36344,36352,36357,36365,36371,36378,36381,36383,36462,36465,36522,36524,36561,36567,36572,36577,36580,36594,36596,36699,36701,36744,36753,36763,36770,36776,36783,36866,36868,36891,36894,36897,36899,36903,36907,36910,36973,36996,36999,37003,37009,37011,37078,37081,37158,37163,37169,37172,37175,37221,37223,37247,37252,37256,37261,37267,37330,37333,37335,37338,37363,37366,37501,37503,37604,37606,37611,37614,37620,37630,37638,37643,37649,37655,37657,37680],[10,35902,2076,35904,2079],{"id":35903},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[30,35905,35906],{},"enumerate()",[14,35908,35909,35911],{},[30,35910,35906],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35913,35914],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[316,35916,35917,35920],{},[319,35918,35919],{},"the item itself",[319,35921,35922],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35924,35925,35926,35928],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[30,35927,35906],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[18,35930,2180],{"id":2179},[23,35932,35934],{"className":25,"code":35933,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[30,35935,35936,35968,35972,35995],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,35937,35938,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948,35950,35952,35954,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,35939,13229],{"class":39},[33,35941,44],{"class":43},[33,35943,48],{"class":47},[33,35945,80],{"class":79},[33,35947,13246],{"class":83},[33,35949,80],{"class":79},[33,35951,55],{"class":47},[33,35953,91],{"class":79},[33,35955,17608],{"class":83},[33,35957,80],{"class":79},[33,35959,55],{"class":47},[33,35961,91],{"class":79},[33,35963,13263],{"class":83},[33,35965,80],{"class":79},[33,35967,66],{"class":47},[33,35969,35970],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,35971,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,35973,35974,35976,35979,35981,35984,35986,35989,35991,35993],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,35975,6117],{"class":4046},[33,35977,35978],{"class":39}," index",[33,35980,55],{"class":47},[33,35982,35983],{"class":39}," color ",[33,35985,4053],{"class":4046},[33,35987,35988],{"class":156}," enumerate",[33,35990,133],{"class":47},[33,35992,17655],{"class":162},[33,35994,8498],{"class":47},[33,35996,35997,35999,36001,36004,36006,36009],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,35998,8227],{"class":156},[33,36000,133],{"class":47},[33,36002,36003],{"class":162},"index",[33,36005,55],{"class":47},[33,36007,36008],{"class":162}," color",[33,36010,143],{"class":47},[14,36012,207],{},[23,36014,36016],{"className":25,"code":36015,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[30,36017,36018,36025,36032],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36019,36020,36022],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36021,1114],{"class":51},[33,36023,36024],{"class":39}," red\n",[33,36026,36027,36029],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36028,52],{"class":51},[33,36030,36031],{"class":39}," green\n",[33,36033,36034,36036],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36035,2234],{"class":51},[33,36037,36038],{"class":39}," blue\n",[14,36040,672,36041,36043],{},[30,36042,35906],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[18,36045,3848,36047,3851],{"id":36046},"what-enumerate-does",[30,36048,35906],{},[14,36050,36051,36053],{},[30,36052,35906],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36055,36056],{},"It is commonly used with:",[316,36058,36059,36061,36063,36065],{},[319,36060,5464],{},[319,36062,909],{},[319,36064,906],{},[319,36066,36067],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36069,36070],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36072,367],{},[23,36074,36076],{"className":25,"code":36075,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[30,36077,36078,36110,36114,36135],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36079,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104,36106,36108],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36081,72],{"class":39},[33,36083,44],{"class":43},[33,36085,48],{"class":47},[33,36087,80],{"class":79},[33,36089,84],{"class":83},[33,36091,80],{"class":79},[33,36093,55],{"class":47},[33,36095,91],{"class":79},[33,36097,94],{"class":83},[33,36099,80],{"class":79},[33,36101,55],{"class":47},[33,36103,91],{"class":79},[33,36105,103],{"class":83},[33,36107,80],{"class":79},[33,36109,66],{"class":47},[33,36111,36112],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36113,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36115,36116,36118,36120,36122,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36117,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36119,35978],{"class":39},[33,36121,55],{"class":47},[33,36123,36124],{"class":39}," name ",[33,36126,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36128,35988],{"class":156},[33,36130,133],{"class":47},[33,36132,175],{"class":162},[33,36134,8498],{"class":47},[33,36136,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145,36148],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36138,8227],{"class":156},[33,36140,133],{"class":47},[33,36142,36003],{"class":162},[33,36144,55],{"class":47},[33,36146,36147],{"class":162}," name",[33,36149,143],{"class":47},[14,36151,207],{},[23,36153,36155],{"className":25,"code":36154,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[30,36156,36157,36164,36171],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36158,36159,36161],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36160,1114],{"class":51},[33,36162,36163],{"class":39}," Ana\n",[33,36165,36166,36168],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36167,52],{"class":51},[33,36169,36170],{"class":39}," Ben\n",[33,36172,36173,36175],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36174,2234],{"class":51},[33,36176,36177],{"class":39}," Cara\n",[14,36179,36180,36181,310],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[273,36182,36184],{"href":36183},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[18,36186,2334],{"id":2333},[14,36188,2337],{},[23,36190,36192],{"className":25,"code":36191,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[30,36193,36194],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36195,36196,36199,36201,36203,36205,36208,36210,36212],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36197,36198],{"class":156},"enumerate",[33,36200,133],{"class":47},[33,36202,3892],{"class":162},[33,36204,55],{"class":47},[33,36206,36207],{"class":9331}," start",[33,36209,44],{"class":43},[33,36211,1114],{"class":51},[33,36213,143],{"class":47},[14,36215,36216],{},"It has two parts:",[316,36218,36219,36224],{},[319,36220,36221,36223],{},[30,36222,3892],{},": the object you want to loop through",[319,36225,36226,36229],{},[30,36227,36228],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36231,36232,36233,310],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[30,36234,1114],{},[14,36236,367],{},[23,36238,36240],{"className":25,"code":36239,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[30,36241,36242,36274,36278,36300],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36243,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36245,124],{"class":39},[33,36247,44],{"class":43},[33,36249,48],{"class":47},[33,36251,80],{"class":79},[33,36253,273],{"class":83},[33,36255,80],{"class":79},[33,36257,55],{"class":47},[33,36259,91],{"class":79},[33,36261,282],{"class":83},[33,36263,80],{"class":79},[33,36265,55],{"class":47},[33,36267,91],{"class":79},[33,36269,291],{"class":83},[33,36271,80],{"class":79},[33,36273,66],{"class":47},[33,36275,36276],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36277,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36279,36280,36282,36285,36287,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36281,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36283,36284],{"class":39}," i",[33,36286,55],{"class":47},[33,36288,36289],{"class":39}," letter ",[33,36291,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36293,35988],{"class":156},[33,36295,133],{"class":47},[33,36297,199],{"class":162},[33,36299,8498],{"class":47},[33,36301,36302,36304,36306,36309,36311,36314],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36303,8227],{"class":156},[33,36305,133],{"class":47},[33,36307,36308],{"class":162},"i",[33,36310,55],{"class":47},[33,36312,36313],{"class":162}," letter",[33,36315,143],{"class":47},[14,36317,207],{},[23,36319,36321],{"className":25,"code":36320,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[30,36322,36323,36330,36337],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36324,36325,36327],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36326,1114],{"class":51},[33,36328,36329],{"class":39}," a\n",[33,36331,36332,36334],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36333,52],{"class":51},[33,36335,36336],{"class":39}," b\n",[33,36338,36339,36341],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36340,2234],{"class":51},[33,36342,36343],{"class":39}," c\n",[14,36345,36346,36347,310],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[273,36348,2076,36350,3683],{"href":36349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[30,36351,309],{},[18,36353,3848,36355,11858],{"id":36354},"what-enumerate-returns",[30,36356,35906],{},[14,36358,36359,36361,36362,310],{},[30,36360,35906],{}," returns an ",[205,36363,36364],{},"enumerate object",[14,36366,36367,36368,36370],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[30,36369,6117],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[316,36372,36373],{},[319,36374,36375],{},[30,36376,36377],{},"(index, item)",[14,36379,36380],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36382,367],{},[23,36384,36386],{"className":25,"code":36385,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[30,36387,36388,36421,36425,36447],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36389,36390,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36391,36392],{"class":39},"fruits ",[33,36394,44],{"class":43},[33,36396,48],{"class":47},[33,36398,80],{"class":79},[33,36400,386],{"class":83},[33,36402,80],{"class":79},[33,36404,55],{"class":47},[33,36406,91],{"class":79},[33,36408,4255],{"class":83},[33,36410,80],{"class":79},[33,36412,55],{"class":47},[33,36414,91],{"class":79},[33,36416,33376],{"class":83},[33,36418,80],{"class":79},[33,36420,66],{"class":47},[33,36422,36423],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36424,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36426,36427,36429,36431,36433,36436,36438,36440,36442,36445],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36428,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36430,35978],{"class":39},[33,36432,55],{"class":47},[33,36434,36435],{"class":39}," fruit ",[33,36437,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36439,35988],{"class":156},[33,36441,133],{"class":47},[33,36443,36444],{"class":162},"fruits",[33,36446,8498],{"class":47},[33,36448,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36460],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36450,8227],{"class":156},[33,36452,133],{"class":47},[33,36454,36003],{"class":162},[33,36456,55],{"class":47},[33,36458,36459],{"class":162}," fruit",[33,36461,143],{"class":47},[14,36463,36464],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[23,36466,36468],{"className":25,"code":36467,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[30,36469,36470,36490,36494,36512],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36471,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36473,40],{"class":39},[33,36475,44],{"class":43},[33,36477,48],{"class":47},[33,36479,538],{"class":51},[33,36481,55],{"class":47},[33,36483,7949],{"class":51},[33,36485,55],{"class":47},[33,36487,7954],{"class":51},[33,36489,66],{"class":47},[33,36491,36492],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36493,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36495,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36497,1506],{"class":39},[33,36499,44],{"class":43},[33,36501,130],{"class":129},[33,36503,133],{"class":47},[33,36505,36198],{"class":156},[33,36507,133],{"class":47},[33,36509,163],{"class":162},[33,36511,733],{"class":47},[33,36513,36514,36516,36518,36520],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36515,157],{"class":156},[33,36517,133],{"class":47},[33,36519,1530],{"class":162},[33,36521,143],{"class":47},[14,36523,207],{},[23,36525,36527],{"className":25,"code":36526,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[30,36528,36529],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36530,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36532,21894],{"class":47},[33,36534,1114],{"class":51},[33,36536,55],{"class":47},[33,36538,393],{"class":51},[33,36540,9388],{"class":47},[33,36542,1381],{"class":47},[33,36544,52],{"class":51},[33,36546,55],{"class":47},[33,36548,7949],{"class":51},[33,36550,9388],{"class":47},[33,36552,1381],{"class":47},[33,36554,2234],{"class":51},[33,36556,55],{"class":47},[33,36558,7954],{"class":51},[33,36560,9403],{"class":47},[14,36562,36563,36564,36566],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[30,36565,35906],{}," produces.",[18,36568,5127,36570],{"id":36569},"when-to-use-enumerate",[30,36571,35906],{},[14,36573,672,36574,36576],{},[30,36575,35906],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36578,36579],{},"Common cases:",[316,36581,36582,36585,36588,36591],{},[319,36583,36584],{},"printing numbered output",[319,36586,36587],{},"building menus",[319,36589,36590],{},"showing positions in a list",[319,36592,36593],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36595,367],{},[23,36597,36599],{"className":25,"code":36598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[30,36600,36601,36636,36640,36670],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36602,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36614,36616,36618,36620,36623,36625,36627,36629,36632,36634],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36604,30051],{"class":39},[33,36606,44],{"class":43},[33,36608,48],{"class":47},[33,36610,80],{"class":79},[33,36612,36613],{"class":83},"Wash dishes",[33,36615,80],{"class":79},[33,36617,55],{"class":47},[33,36619,91],{"class":79},[33,36621,36622],{"class":83},"Study Python",[33,36624,80],{"class":79},[33,36626,55],{"class":47},[33,36628,91],{"class":79},[33,36630,36631],{"class":83},"Go for a walk",[33,36633,80],{"class":79},[33,36635,66],{"class":47},[33,36637,36638],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36639,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36641,36642,36644,36646,36648,36651,36653,36655,36657,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36643,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36645,2374],{"class":39},[33,36647,55],{"class":47},[33,36649,36650],{"class":39}," task ",[33,36652,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36654,35988],{"class":156},[33,36656,133],{"class":47},[33,36658,36659],{"class":162},"tasks",[33,36661,55],{"class":47},[33,36663,36207],{"class":9331},[33,36665,44],{"class":43},[33,36667,52],{"class":51},[33,36669,8498],{"class":47},[33,36671,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36693,36695,36697],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36673,8227],{"class":156},[33,36675,133],{"class":47},[33,36677,22448],{"class":1430},[33,36679,80],{"class":83},[33,36681,9432],{"class":51},[33,36683,2416],{"class":162},[33,36685,22457],{"class":51},[33,36687,28466],{"class":83},[33,36689,9432],{"class":51},[33,36691,36692],{"class":162},"task",[33,36694,22457],{"class":51},[33,36696,80],{"class":83},[33,36698,143],{"class":47},[14,36700,207],{},[23,36702,36704],{"className":25,"code":36703,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[30,36705,36706,36718,36730],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36707,36708,36710,36712,36715],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36709,52],{"class":51},[33,36711,310],{"class":47},[33,36713,36714],{"class":24904}," Wash",[33,36716,36717],{"class":39}," dishes\n",[33,36719,36720,36722,36724,36727],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36721,2234],{"class":51},[33,36723,310],{"class":47},[33,36725,36726],{"class":24904}," Study",[33,36728,36729],{"class":39}," Python\n",[33,36731,36732,36734,36736,36739,36741],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36733,2240],{"class":51},[33,36735,310],{"class":47},[33,36737,36738],{"class":24904}," Go",[33,36740,4047],{"class":4046},[33,36742,36743],{"class":39}," a walk\n",[14,36745,36746,36747,36749,36750,310],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[30,36748,35906],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[30,36751,36752],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36754,36755,36756,310],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[273,36757,36759,36760,36762],{"href":36758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[30,36761,35906],{}," in Python",[18,36764,36766,36767,36769],{"id":36765},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[30,36768,36228],{}," argument",[14,36771,36772,36773,36775],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[30,36774,36228],{}," argument.",[14,36777,36778,36779,1361,36781,3061],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[30,36780,52],{},[30,36782,1114],{},[23,36784,36786],{"className":25,"code":36785,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[30,36787,36788,36820,36824,36852],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36789,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36791,13229],{"class":39},[33,36793,44],{"class":43},[33,36795,48],{"class":47},[33,36797,80],{"class":79},[33,36799,13246],{"class":83},[33,36801,80],{"class":79},[33,36803,55],{"class":47},[33,36805,91],{"class":79},[33,36807,17608],{"class":83},[33,36809,80],{"class":79},[33,36811,55],{"class":47},[33,36813,91],{"class":79},[33,36815,13263],{"class":83},[33,36817,80],{"class":79},[33,36819,66],{"class":47},[33,36821,36822],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36823,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36825,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36827,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36829,35978],{"class":39},[33,36831,55],{"class":47},[33,36833,35983],{"class":39},[33,36835,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36837,35988],{"class":156},[33,36839,133],{"class":47},[33,36841,17655],{"class":162},[33,36843,55],{"class":47},[33,36845,36207],{"class":9331},[33,36847,44],{"class":43},[33,36849,52],{"class":51},[33,36851,8498],{"class":47},[33,36853,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36855,8227],{"class":156},[33,36857,133],{"class":47},[33,36859,36003],{"class":162},[33,36861,55],{"class":47},[33,36863,36008],{"class":162},[33,36865,143],{"class":47},[14,36867,207],{},[23,36869,36871],{"className":25,"code":36870,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[30,36872,36873,36879,36885],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36874,36875,36877],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36876,52],{"class":51},[33,36878,36024],{"class":39},[33,36880,36881,36883],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36882,2234],{"class":51},[33,36884,36031],{"class":39},[33,36886,36887,36889],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36888,2240],{"class":51},[33,36890,36038],{"class":39},[14,36892,36893],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36895,36896],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[18,36898,25511],{"id":25510},[14,36900,25514,36901,310],{},[30,36902,35906],{},[664,36904,36906],{"id":36905},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36908,36909],{},"In this loop:",[23,36911,36913],{"className":25,"code":36912,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[30,36914,36915,36935,36939,36959],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,36916,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,36918,40],{"class":39},[33,36920,44],{"class":43},[33,36922,48],{"class":47},[33,36924,538],{"class":51},[33,36926,55],{"class":47},[33,36928,7949],{"class":51},[33,36930,55],{"class":47},[33,36932,7954],{"class":51},[33,36934,66],{"class":47},[33,36936,36937],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,36938,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,36940,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,36942,6117],{"class":4046},[33,36944,35978],{"class":39},[33,36946,55],{"class":47},[33,36948,21738],{"class":39},[33,36950,4053],{"class":4046},[33,36952,35988],{"class":156},[33,36954,133],{"class":47},[33,36956,163],{"class":162},[33,36958,8498],{"class":47},[33,36960,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,36962,8227],{"class":156},[33,36964,133],{"class":47},[33,36966,36003],{"class":162},[33,36968,55],{"class":47},[33,36970,8589],{"class":162},[33,36972,143],{"class":47},[316,36974,36975,36985],{},[319,36976,36977,4949,36979,1931,36981,1931,36983],{},[30,36978,36003],{},[30,36980,1114],{},[30,36982,52],{},[30,36984,2234],{},[319,36986,36987,4949,36989,1931,36991,1931,36993],{},[30,36988,2647],{},[30,36990,538],{},[30,36992,15906],{},[30,36994,36995],{},"30",[14,36997,36998],{},"These are different things.",[664,37000,37002],{"id":37001},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37004,37005,37006,37008],{},"Each item from ",[30,37007,35906],{}," is a pair.",[14,37010,6846],{},[23,37012,37014],{"className":25,"code":37013,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[30,37015,37016,37040,37044,37064],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37017,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37019,377],{"class":39},[33,37021,44],{"class":43},[33,37023,48],{"class":47},[33,37025,80],{"class":79},[33,37027,2351],{"class":83},[33,37029,80],{"class":79},[33,37031,55],{"class":47},[33,37033,91],{"class":79},[33,37035,11898],{"class":83},[33,37037,80],{"class":79},[33,37039,66],{"class":47},[33,37041,37042],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37043,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,37045,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37047,6117],{"class":4046},[33,37049,36284],{"class":39},[33,37051,55],{"class":47},[33,37053,6120],{"class":39},[33,37055,4053],{"class":4046},[33,37057,35988],{"class":156},[33,37059,133],{"class":47},[33,37061,414],{"class":162},[33,37063,8498],{"class":47},[33,37065,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37076],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37067,8227],{"class":156},[33,37069,133],{"class":47},[33,37071,36308],{"class":162},[33,37073,55],{"class":47},[33,37075,29660],{"class":162},[33,37077,143],{"class":47},[14,37079,37080],{},"But this causes an error:",[23,37082,37084],{"className":25,"code":37083,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[30,37085,37086,37110,37114,37139],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37087,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37089,377],{"class":39},[33,37091,44],{"class":43},[33,37093,48],{"class":47},[33,37095,80],{"class":79},[33,37097,2351],{"class":83},[33,37099,80],{"class":79},[33,37101,55],{"class":47},[33,37103,91],{"class":79},[33,37105,11898],{"class":83},[33,37107,80],{"class":79},[33,37109,66],{"class":47},[33,37111,37112],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37113,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,37115,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37117,6117],{"class":4046},[33,37119,36284],{"class":39},[33,37121,55],{"class":47},[33,37123,29660],{"class":39},[33,37125,55],{"class":47},[33,37127,37128],{"class":39}," extra ",[33,37130,4053],{"class":4046},[33,37132,35988],{"class":156},[33,37134,133],{"class":47},[33,37136,414],{"class":162},[33,37138,8498],{"class":47},[33,37140,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37156],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37142,8227],{"class":156},[33,37144,133],{"class":47},[33,37146,36308],{"class":162},[33,37148,55],{"class":47},[33,37150,29660],{"class":162},[33,37152,55],{"class":47},[33,37154,37155],{"class":162}," extra",[33,37157,143],{"class":47},[14,37159,29214,37160,37162],{},[30,37161,35906],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[664,37164,37166,37168],{"id":37165},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[30,37167,35906],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37170,37171],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37173,37174],{},"Example with a string:",[23,37176,37178],{"className":25,"code":37177,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[30,37179,37180,37206],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37181,37182,37184,37186,37188,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37202,37204],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37183,6117],{"class":4046},[33,37185,35978],{"class":39},[33,37187,55],{"class":47},[33,37189,37190],{"class":39}," char ",[33,37192,4053],{"class":4046},[33,37194,35988],{"class":156},[33,37196,133],{"class":47},[33,37198,80],{"class":79},[33,37200,37201],{"class":83},"cat",[33,37203,80],{"class":79},[33,37205,8498],{"class":47},[33,37207,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37219],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37209,8227],{"class":156},[33,37211,133],{"class":47},[33,37213,36003],{"class":162},[33,37215,55],{"class":47},[33,37217,37218],{"class":162}," char",[33,37220,143],{"class":47},[14,37222,207],{},[23,37224,37226],{"className":25,"code":37225,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[30,37227,37228,37234,37240],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37229,37230,37232],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37231,1114],{"class":51},[33,37233,36343],{"class":39},[33,37235,37236,37238],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37237,52],{"class":51},[33,37239,36329],{"class":39},[33,37241,37242,37244],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37243,2234],{"class":51},[33,37245,37246],{"class":39}," t\n",[14,37248,37249,37250,310],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[273,37251,5301],{"href":5745},[664,37253,37255],{"id":37254},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37257,37258,37259,310],{},"You do not always need ",[30,37260,35906],{},[14,37262,37263,37264,37266],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[30,37265,6117],{}," loop:",[23,37268,37270],{"className":25,"code":37269,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[30,37271,37272,37304,37308,37320],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37273,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37275,13229],{"class":39},[33,37277,44],{"class":43},[33,37279,48],{"class":47},[33,37281,80],{"class":79},[33,37283,13246],{"class":83},[33,37285,80],{"class":79},[33,37287,55],{"class":47},[33,37289,91],{"class":79},[33,37291,17608],{"class":83},[33,37293,80],{"class":79},[33,37295,55],{"class":47},[33,37297,91],{"class":79},[33,37299,13263],{"class":83},[33,37301,80],{"class":79},[33,37303,66],{"class":47},[33,37305,37306],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37307,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,37309,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37311,6117],{"class":4046},[33,37313,35983],{"class":39},[33,37315,4053],{"class":4046},[33,37317,13277],{"class":39},[33,37319,6553],{"class":47},[33,37321,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37323,8227],{"class":156},[33,37325,133],{"class":47},[33,37327,33046],{"class":162},[33,37329,143],{"class":47},[14,37331,37332],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[18,37334,3006],{"id":3005},[14,37336,37337],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[316,37339,37340,37345,37351,37356],{},[319,37341,23254,37342,37344],{},[30,37343,35906],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[319,37346,37347,37348,37350],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[30,37349,1114],{}," by default",[319,37352,1357,37353,37355],{},[30,37354,35906],{}," when only values are needed",[319,37357,37358,37359,8860,37361],{},"Confusing ",[30,37360,35906],{},[30,37362,309],{},[14,37364,37365],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[23,37367,37369],{"className":25,"code":37368,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[30,37370,37371,37393,37420,37454,37487],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37372,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37374,157],{"class":156},[33,37376,133],{"class":47},[33,37378,36198],{"class":156},[33,37380,3162],{"class":47},[33,37382,538],{"class":51},[33,37384,55],{"class":47},[33,37386,7949],{"class":51},[33,37388,55],{"class":47},[33,37390,7954],{"class":51},[33,37392,3175],{"class":47},[33,37394,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37396,157],{"class":156},[33,37398,133],{"class":47},[33,37400,1879],{"class":129},[33,37402,133],{"class":47},[33,37404,36198],{"class":156},[33,37406,3162],{"class":47},[33,37408,538],{"class":51},[33,37410,55],{"class":47},[33,37412,7949],{"class":51},[33,37414,55],{"class":47},[33,37416,7954],{"class":51},[33,37418,37419],{"class":47},"])))\n",[33,37421,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432,37434,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37423,157],{"class":156},[33,37425,133],{"class":47},[33,37427,1879],{"class":129},[33,37429,133],{"class":47},[33,37431,36198],{"class":156},[33,37433,3162],{"class":47},[33,37435,538],{"class":51},[33,37437,55],{"class":47},[33,37439,7949],{"class":51},[33,37441,55],{"class":47},[33,37443,7954],{"class":51},[33,37445,18215],{"class":47},[33,37447,36207],{"class":9331},[33,37449,44],{"class":43},[33,37451,52],{"class":51},[33,37453,1890],{"class":47},[33,37455,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37457,6117],{"class":4046},[33,37459,36284],{"class":39},[33,37461,55],{"class":47},[33,37463,21738],{"class":39},[33,37465,4053],{"class":4046},[33,37467,35988],{"class":156},[33,37469,3162],{"class":47},[33,37471,236],{"class":79},[33,37473,273],{"class":83},[33,37475,236],{"class":79},[33,37477,55],{"class":47},[33,37479,245],{"class":79},[33,37481,282],{"class":83},[33,37483,236],{"class":79},[33,37485,37486],{"class":47},"]):\n",[33,37488,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,37490,8227],{"class":156},[33,37492,133],{"class":47},[33,37494,36308],{"class":162},[33,37496,55],{"class":47},[33,37498,8589],{"class":162},[33,37500,143],{"class":47},[14,37502,17111],{},[23,37504,37506],{"className":25,"code":37505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[30,37507,37508,37528,37560,37592,37598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37509,37510,37512,37514,37516,37519,37523,37526],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37511,1427],{"class":43},[33,37513,36198],{"class":156},[33,37515,24771],{"class":129},[33,37517,37518],{"class":39}," at ",[33,37520,37522],{"class":37521},"srjyR","0x",[33,37524,37525],{"class":34609},"...",[33,37527,1441],{"class":43},[33,37529,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37531,21894],{"class":47},[33,37533,1114],{"class":51},[33,37535,55],{"class":47},[33,37537,393],{"class":51},[33,37539,9388],{"class":47},[33,37541,1381],{"class":47},[33,37543,52],{"class":51},[33,37545,55],{"class":47},[33,37547,7949],{"class":51},[33,37549,9388],{"class":47},[33,37551,1381],{"class":47},[33,37553,2234],{"class":51},[33,37555,55],{"class":47},[33,37557,7954],{"class":51},[33,37559,9403],{"class":47},[33,37561,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37563,21894],{"class":47},[33,37565,52],{"class":51},[33,37567,55],{"class":47},[33,37569,393],{"class":51},[33,37571,9388],{"class":47},[33,37573,1381],{"class":47},[33,37575,2234],{"class":51},[33,37577,55],{"class":47},[33,37579,7949],{"class":51},[33,37581,9388],{"class":47},[33,37583,1381],{"class":47},[33,37585,2240],{"class":51},[33,37587,55],{"class":47},[33,37589,7954],{"class":51},[33,37591,9403],{"class":47},[33,37593,37594,37596],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37595,1114],{"class":51},[33,37597,36329],{"class":39},[33,37599,37600,37602],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,37601,52],{"class":51},[33,37603,36336],{"class":39},[18,37605,1961],{"id":1960},[664,37607,2007,37609,5309],{"id":37608},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[30,37610,35906],{},[14,37612,37613],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[664,37615,12857,37617,37619],{"id":37616},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[30,37618,35906],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37621,37622,37623,37625,37626,37629],{},"It starts at ",[30,37624,1114],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[30,37627,37628],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[664,37631,21574,37633,1361,37635,2033],{"id":37632},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[30,37634,35906],{},[30,37636,37637],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37639,36746,37640,37642],{},[30,37641,35906],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[664,37644,5334,37646,37648],{"id":37645},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[30,37647,35906],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37650,37651,37652,37654],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[30,37653,35906],{}," can return each character with its index.",[18,37656,2045],{"id":2044},[316,37658,37659,37663,37669,37676],{},[319,37660,37661],{},[273,37662,36184],{"href":36183},[319,37664,37665],{},[273,37666,2076,37667,3683],{"href":36349},[30,37668,309],{},[319,37670,37671],{},[273,37672,37673,37674,36762],{"href":36758},"How to use ",[30,37675,35906],{},[319,37677,37678],{},[273,37679,5380],{"href":5745},[2097,37681,37682],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":37684},[37685,37686,37688,37689,37691,37693,37695,37702,37703,37713],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":36046,"depth":69,"text":37687},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":36354,"depth":69,"text":37690},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36569,"depth":69,"text":37692},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36765,"depth":69,"text":37694},"Using the start argument",{"id":25510,"depth":69,"text":25511,"children":37696},[37697,37698,37699,37701],{"id":36905,"depth":110,"text":36906},{"id":37001,"depth":110,"text":37002},{"id":37165,"depth":110,"text":37700},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37254,"depth":110,"text":37255},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":37704},[37705,37707,37709,37711],{"id":37608,"depth":110,"text":37706},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37616,"depth":110,"text":37708},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37632,"depth":110,"text":37710},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37645,"depth":110,"text":37712},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35898,"description":37714},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37721,"title":37722,"body":37723,"description":40238,"extension":2138,"meta":40239,"navigation":149,"path":40240,"seo":40241,"stem":40242,"__hash__":40243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37724,"toc":40195},[37725,37731,37736,37739,37747,37761,37763,37854,37862,37867,37872,37874,37890,37892,37971,37973,37990,37996,38000,38002,38023,38027,38030,38042,38046,38049,38052,38069,38072,38148,38150,38167,38172,38176,38184,38187,38202,38204,38293,38295,38340,38343,38347,38350,38429,38431,38452,38455,38462,38467,38470,38573,38575,38600,38603,38610,38616,38621,38624,38635,38741,38743,38764,38772,38779,38785,38804,38809,38812,38831,38833,38918,38920,38949,38952,38957,38962,38965,38976,38978,39067,39069,39089,39095,39201,39203,39223,39226,39310,39312,39332,39339,39341,39345,39351,39354,39411,39414,39417,39478,39487,39490,39493,39521,39524,39584,39586,39603,39607,39610,39688,39690,39710,39713,39788,39792,39795,39797,39806,39811,39813,39864,39872,39884,39889,39950,39952,39969,39973,40036,40038,40063,40071,40073,40079,40085,40092,40100,40106,40109,40116,40126,40132,40138,40141,40158,40164,40166,40192],[10,37726,2076,37728,2079],{"id":37727},"python-filter-function-explained",[30,37729,37730],{},"filter()",[14,37732,37733,37735],{},[30,37734,37730],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37737,37738],{},"It takes:",[316,37740,37741,37744],{},[319,37742,37743],{},"a function that checks each item",[319,37745,37746],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37748,37749,37750,37753,37754,37757,37758,37760],{},"The result is ",[205,37751,37752],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[30,37755,37756],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[30,37759,305],{}," to see the values.",[18,37762,2180],{"id":2179},[23,37764,37766],{"className":25,"code":37765,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[30,37767,37768,37801,37837],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37769,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794,37796,37799],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37771,40],{"class":39},[33,37773,44],{"class":43},[33,37775,48],{"class":47},[33,37777,52],{"class":51},[33,37779,55],{"class":47},[33,37781,58],{"class":51},[33,37783,55],{"class":47},[33,37785,63],{"class":51},[33,37787,55],{"class":47},[33,37789,1132],{"class":51},[33,37791,55],{"class":47},[33,37793,4770],{"class":51},[33,37795,55],{"class":47},[33,37797,37798],{"class":51}," 6",[33,37800,66],{"class":47},[33,37802,37803,37805,37807,37810,37812,37815,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37804,1506],{"class":39},[33,37806,44],{"class":43},[33,37808,37809],{"class":156}," filter",[33,37811,133],{"class":47},[33,37813,37814],{"class":1430},"lambda",[33,37816,37818],{"class":37817},"sFwrP"," x",[33,37820,3061],{"class":47},[33,37822,4050],{"class":162},[33,37824,6563],{"class":43},[33,37826,58],{"class":51},[33,37828,6568],{"class":43},[33,37830,4004],{"class":51},[33,37832,55],{"class":47},[33,37834,4430],{"class":162},[33,37836,143],{"class":47},[33,37838,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37840,157],{"class":156},[33,37842,133],{"class":47},[33,37844,1879],{"class":129},[33,37846,133],{"class":47},[33,37848,1530],{"class":162},[33,37850,5522],{"class":47},[33,37852,37853],{"class":1308},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37855,37856,37858,37859,37861],{},[30,37857,37730],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[30,37860,305],{}," to see the results.",[18,37863,3848,37865,3851],{"id":37864},"what-filter-does",[30,37866,37730],{},[14,37868,37869,37871],{},[30,37870,37730],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37873,2284],{},[316,37875,37876,37879,37885],{},[319,37877,37878],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[319,37880,37881,37882,37884],{},"if the test returns ",[30,37883,3777],{},", the item is kept",[319,37886,37881,37887,37889],{},[30,37888,3844],{},", the item is removed",[14,37891,367],{},[23,37893,37895],{"className":25,"code":37894,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,37896,37897,37925,37929,37957],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37898,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37900,40],{"class":39},[33,37902,44],{"class":43},[33,37904,48],{"class":47},[33,37906,52],{"class":51},[33,37908,55],{"class":47},[33,37910,58],{"class":51},[33,37912,55],{"class":47},[33,37914,63],{"class":51},[33,37916,55],{"class":47},[33,37918,1132],{"class":51},[33,37920,55],{"class":47},[33,37922,4770],{"class":51},[33,37924,66],{"class":47},[33,37926,37927],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,37928,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,37930,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37955],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,37932,1506],{"class":39},[33,37934,44],{"class":43},[33,37936,37809],{"class":156},[33,37938,133],{"class":47},[33,37940,37814],{"class":1430},[33,37942,37818],{"class":37817},[33,37944,3061],{"class":47},[33,37946,4050],{"class":162},[33,37948,4419],{"class":43},[33,37950,63],{"class":51},[33,37952,55],{"class":47},[33,37954,4430],{"class":162},[33,37956,143],{"class":47},[33,37958,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,37960,157],{"class":156},[33,37962,133],{"class":47},[33,37964,1879],{"class":129},[33,37966,133],{"class":47},[33,37968,1530],{"class":162},[33,37970,733],{"class":47},[14,37972,207],{},[23,37974,37976],{"className":25,"code":37975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[4, 5]\n",[30,37977,37978],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,37979,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,37981,217],{"class":47},[33,37983,2679],{"class":51},[33,37985,55],{"class":47},[33,37987,4770],{"class":51},[33,37989,66],{"class":47},[14,37991,37992,37993,37995],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[30,37994,2240],{}," are kept.",[18,37997,37999],{"id":37998},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38001,2337],{},[23,38003,38005],{"className":25,"code":38004,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[30,38006,38007],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38008,38009,38011,38013,38016,38018,38021],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38010,37756],{"class":156},[33,38012,133],{"class":47},[33,38014,38015],{"class":162},"function",[33,38017,55],{"class":47},[33,38019,38020],{"class":162}," iterable",[33,38022,143],{"class":47},[664,38024,38025],{"id":38015},[30,38026,38015],{},[14,38028,38029],{},"This is the test function.",[316,38031,38032,38035],{},[319,38033,38034],{},"It receives one item at a time",[319,38036,38037,38038,453,38040],{},"It should return ",[30,38039,3777],{},[30,38041,3844],{},[664,38043,38044],{"id":3892},[30,38045,3892],{},[14,38047,38048],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38050,38051],{},"It can be:",[316,38053,38054,38057,38060,38063,38066],{},[319,38055,38056],{},"a list",[319,38058,38059],{},"a tuple",[319,38061,38062],{},"a string",[319,38064,38065],{},"a set",[319,38067,38068],{},"another iterable object",[14,38070,38071],{},"Example with a tuple:",[23,38073,38075],{"className":25,"code":38074,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38076,38077,38102,38106,38134],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38078,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38080,40],{"class":39},[33,38082,44],{"class":43},[33,38084,1381],{"class":47},[33,38086,538],{"class":51},[33,38088,55],{"class":47},[33,38090,38091],{"class":51}," 15",[33,38093,55],{"class":47},[33,38095,7949],{"class":51},[33,38097,55],{"class":47},[33,38099,1196],{"class":51},[33,38101,143],{"class":47},[33,38103,38104],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38105,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38107,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130,38132],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38109,1506],{"class":39},[33,38111,44],{"class":43},[33,38113,37809],{"class":156},[33,38115,133],{"class":47},[33,38117,37814],{"class":1430},[33,38119,37818],{"class":37817},[33,38121,3061],{"class":47},[33,38123,4050],{"class":162},[33,38125,5263],{"class":43},[33,38127,7949],{"class":51},[33,38129,55],{"class":47},[33,38131,4430],{"class":162},[33,38133,143],{"class":47},[33,38135,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38137,157],{"class":156},[33,38139,133],{"class":47},[33,38141,1879],{"class":129},[33,38143,133],{"class":47},[33,38145,1530],{"class":162},[33,38147,733],{"class":47},[14,38149,207],{},[23,38151,38153],{"className":25,"code":38152,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[20, 25]\n",[30,38154,38155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38158,217],{"class":47},[33,38160,15906],{"class":51},[33,38162,55],{"class":47},[33,38164,1196],{"class":51},[33,38166,66],{"class":47},[14,38168,38169,38170,310],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[273,38171,5301],{"href":5745},[18,38173,38175],{"id":38174},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38177,38178,38179,22129,38181,310],{},"In Python 3, ",[30,38180,37730],{},[205,38182,38183],{},"filter object",[14,38185,38186],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[316,38188,38189,38192,38197],{},[319,38190,38191],{},"loop through it",[319,38193,38194,38195],{},"convert it with ",[30,38196,305],{},[319,38198,38194,38199],{},[30,38200,38201],{},"tuple()",[14,38203,367],{},[23,38205,38207],{"className":25,"code":38206,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38208,38209,38251,38255,38265,38279],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38210,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38212,1506],{"class":39},[33,38214,44],{"class":43},[33,38216,37809],{"class":156},[33,38218,133],{"class":47},[33,38220,37814],{"class":1430},[33,38222,37818],{"class":37817},[33,38224,3061],{"class":47},[33,38226,4050],{"class":162},[33,38228,4419],{"class":43},[33,38230,58],{"class":51},[33,38232,55],{"class":47},[33,38234,48],{"class":47},[33,38236,52],{"class":51},[33,38238,55],{"class":47},[33,38240,58],{"class":51},[33,38242,55],{"class":47},[33,38244,63],{"class":51},[33,38246,55],{"class":47},[33,38248,1132],{"class":51},[33,38250,4059],{"class":47},[33,38252,38253],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38254,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38256,38257,38259,38261,38263],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38258,157],{"class":156},[33,38260,133],{"class":47},[33,38262,1530],{"class":162},[33,38264,143],{"class":47},[33,38266,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38268,157],{"class":156},[33,38270,133],{"class":47},[33,38272,1406],{"class":129},[33,38274,133],{"class":47},[33,38276,1530],{"class":162},[33,38278,733],{"class":47},[33,38280,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,38282,157],{"class":156},[33,38284,133],{"class":47},[33,38286,1879],{"class":129},[33,38288,133],{"class":47},[33,38290,1530],{"class":162},[33,38292,733],{"class":47},[14,38294,207],{},[23,38296,38298],{"className":25,"code":38297,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[30,38299,38300,38314,38328],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38301,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38303,1427],{"class":43},[33,38305,37756],{"class":156},[33,38307,24771],{"class":129},[33,38309,37518],{"class":39},[33,38311,37525],{"class":34609},[33,38313,1441],{"class":43},[33,38315,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38317,1427],{"class":43},[33,38319,1431],{"class":1430},[33,38321,245],{"class":79},[33,38323,37756],{"class":83},[33,38325,236],{"class":79},[33,38327,1441],{"class":43},[33,38329,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38331,217],{"class":47},[33,38333,2240],{"class":51},[33,38335,55],{"class":47},[33,38337,1132],{"class":51},[33,38339,66],{"class":47},[14,38341,38342],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[664,38344,38346],{"id":38345},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38348,38349],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[23,38351,38353],{"className":25,"code":38352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38354,38355,38397,38401,38415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38356,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38358,1506],{"class":39},[33,38360,44],{"class":43},[33,38362,37809],{"class":156},[33,38364,133],{"class":47},[33,38366,37814],{"class":1430},[33,38368,37818],{"class":37817},[33,38370,3061],{"class":47},[33,38372,4050],{"class":162},[33,38374,4419],{"class":43},[33,38376,58],{"class":51},[33,38378,55],{"class":47},[33,38380,48],{"class":47},[33,38382,52],{"class":51},[33,38384,55],{"class":47},[33,38386,58],{"class":51},[33,38388,55],{"class":47},[33,38390,63],{"class":51},[33,38392,55],{"class":47},[33,38394,1132],{"class":51},[33,38396,4059],{"class":47},[33,38398,38399],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38400,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38404,157],{"class":156},[33,38406,133],{"class":47},[33,38408,1879],{"class":129},[33,38410,133],{"class":47},[33,38412,1530],{"class":162},[33,38414,733],{"class":47},[33,38416,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38418,157],{"class":156},[33,38420,133],{"class":47},[33,38422,1879],{"class":129},[33,38424,133],{"class":47},[33,38426,1530],{"class":162},[33,38428,733],{"class":47},[14,38430,207],{},[23,38432,38434],{"className":25,"code":38433,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[30,38435,38436,38448],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38437,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38439,217],{"class":47},[33,38441,2240],{"class":51},[33,38443,55],{"class":47},[33,38445,1132],{"class":51},[33,38447,66],{"class":47},[33,38449,38450],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38451,264],{"class":47},[14,38453,38454],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[18,38456,1357,38458,8860,38460],{"id":38457},"using-filter-with-lambda",[30,38459,37730],{},[30,38461,37814],{},[14,38463,15341,38464,38466],{},[30,38465,37814],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38468,38469],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[23,38471,38473],{"className":25,"code":38472,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38474,38475,38517,38521,38559],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38496,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38513,38515],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38478,1655],{"class":39},[33,38480,44],{"class":43},[33,38482,48],{"class":47},[33,38484,80],{"class":79},[33,38486,386],{"class":83},[33,38488,80],{"class":79},[33,38490,55],{"class":47},[33,38492,91],{"class":79},[33,38494,38495],{"class":83},"kiwi",[33,38497,80],{"class":79},[33,38499,55],{"class":47},[33,38501,91],{"class":79},[33,38503,4255],{"class":83},[33,38505,80],{"class":79},[33,38507,55],{"class":47},[33,38509,91],{"class":79},[33,38511,38512],{"class":83},"fig",[33,38514,80],{"class":79},[33,38516,66],{"class":47},[33,38518,38519],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38520,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38522,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38536,38538,38541,38543,38546,38548,38551,38553,38555,38557],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38524,1506],{"class":39},[33,38526,44],{"class":43},[33,38528,37809],{"class":156},[33,38530,133],{"class":47},[33,38532,37814],{"class":1430},[33,38534,38535],{"class":37817}," word",[33,38537,3061],{"class":47},[33,38539,38540],{"class":156}," len",[33,38542,133],{"class":47},[33,38544,38545],{"class":162},"word",[33,38547,3831],{"class":47},[33,38549,38550],{"class":43}," >",[33,38552,1132],{"class":51},[33,38554,55],{"class":47},[33,38556,6327],{"class":162},[33,38558,143],{"class":47},[33,38560,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38562,157],{"class":156},[33,38564,133],{"class":47},[33,38566,1879],{"class":129},[33,38568,133],{"class":47},[33,38570,1530],{"class":162},[33,38572,733],{"class":47},[14,38574,207],{},[23,38576,38578],{"className":25,"code":38577,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[30,38579,38580],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38581,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38583,217],{"class":47},[33,38585,236],{"class":79},[33,38587,386],{"class":83},[33,38589,236],{"class":79},[33,38591,55],{"class":47},[33,38593,245],{"class":79},[33,38595,4255],{"class":83},[33,38597,236],{"class":79},[33,38599,66],{"class":47},[14,38601,38602],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38604,38605,38606,310],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[273,38607,38609],{"href":38608},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[18,38611,1357,38613,38615],{"id":38612},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[30,38614,37730],{}," with a named function",[14,38617,38618,38619,310],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[30,38620,37814],{},[14,38622,38623],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[316,38625,38626,38629,38632],{},[319,38627,38628],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[319,38630,38631],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[319,38633,38634],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[23,38636,38638],{"className":25,"code":38637,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38639,38640,38653,38668,38672,38704,38723,38727],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38641,38642,38644,38647,38649,38651],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38643,35007],{"class":1430},[33,38645,38646],{"class":35010}," is_even",[33,38648,133],{"class":47},[33,38650,2416],{"class":37817},[33,38652,8498],{"class":47},[33,38654,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38656,35018],{"class":4046},[33,38658,6546],{"class":39},[33,38660,6563],{"class":43},[33,38662,58],{"class":51},[33,38664,6568],{"class":43},[33,38666,38667],{"class":51}," 0\n",[33,38669,38670],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38671,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38673,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38675,40],{"class":39},[33,38677,44],{"class":43},[33,38679,48],{"class":47},[33,38681,52],{"class":51},[33,38683,55],{"class":47},[33,38685,58],{"class":51},[33,38687,55],{"class":47},[33,38689,63],{"class":51},[33,38691,55],{"class":47},[33,38693,1132],{"class":51},[33,38695,55],{"class":47},[33,38697,4770],{"class":51},[33,38699,55],{"class":47},[33,38701,37798],{"class":51},[33,38703,66],{"class":47},[33,38705,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38717,38719,38721],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,38707,1506],{"class":39},[33,38709,44],{"class":43},[33,38711,37809],{"class":156},[33,38713,133],{"class":47},[33,38715,38716],{"class":162},"is_even",[33,38718,55],{"class":47},[33,38720,4430],{"class":162},[33,38722,143],{"class":47},[33,38724,38725],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,38726,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38728,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,38730,157],{"class":156},[33,38732,133],{"class":47},[33,38734,1879],{"class":129},[33,38736,133],{"class":47},[33,38738,1530],{"class":162},[33,38740,733],{"class":47},[14,38742,207],{},[23,38744,38746],{"className":25,"code":38745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[30,38747,38748],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38749,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38751,217],{"class":47},[33,38753,2234],{"class":51},[33,38755,55],{"class":47},[33,38757,1132],{"class":51},[33,38759,55],{"class":47},[33,38761,37798],{"class":51},[33,38763,66],{"class":47},[14,38765,20924,38766,2572,38769,38771],{},[30,38767,38768],{},"is_even()",[30,38770,3777],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[18,38773,1357,38775,8860,38777],{"id":38774},"using-none-with-filter",[30,38776,3950],{},[30,38778,37730],{},[14,38780,38781,38782,38784],{},"You can pass ",[30,38783,3950],{}," as the first argument:",[23,38786,38788],{"className":25,"code":38787,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[30,38789,38790],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38793,37756],{"class":156},[33,38795,133],{"class":47},[33,38797,3950],{"class":398},[33,38799,55],{"class":47},[33,38801,38020],{"class":162},[33,38803,143],{"class":47},[14,38805,38806,38807,7499],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[205,38808,5755],{},[14,38810,38811],{},"Falsy values include:",[316,38813,38814,38818,38823,38827],{},[319,38815,38816],{},[30,38817,1114],{},[319,38819,38820,38822],{},[30,38821,3945],{}," (empty string)",[319,38824,38825],{},[30,38826,3950],{},[319,38828,38829],{},[30,38830,3844],{},[14,38832,367],{},[23,38834,38836],{"className":25,"code":38835,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,38837,38838,38882,38886,38904],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38839,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38841,377],{"class":39},[33,38843,44],{"class":43},[33,38845,48],{"class":47},[33,38847,1114],{"class":51},[33,38849,55],{"class":47},[33,38851,1119],{"class":51},[33,38853,55],{"class":47},[33,38855,6285],{"class":79},[33,38857,55],{"class":47},[33,38859,91],{"class":79},[33,38861,545],{"class":83},[33,38863,80],{"class":79},[33,38865,55],{"class":47},[33,38867,4022],{"class":398},[33,38869,55],{"class":47},[33,38871,399],{"class":398},[33,38873,55],{"class":47},[33,38875,552],{"class":398},[33,38877,55],{"class":47},[33,38879,4770],{"class":51},[33,38881,66],{"class":47},[33,38883,38884],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,38885,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,38887,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,38889,1506],{"class":39},[33,38891,44],{"class":43},[33,38893,37809],{"class":156},[33,38895,133],{"class":47},[33,38897,3950],{"class":398},[33,38899,55],{"class":47},[33,38901,6125],{"class":162},[33,38903,143],{"class":47},[33,38905,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,38907,157],{"class":156},[33,38909,133],{"class":47},[33,38911,1879],{"class":129},[33,38913,133],{"class":47},[33,38915,1530],{"class":162},[33,38917,733],{"class":47},[14,38919,207],{},[23,38921,38923],{"className":25,"code":38922,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[30,38924,38925],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38926,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38928,217],{"class":47},[33,38930,52],{"class":51},[33,38932,55],{"class":47},[33,38934,245],{"class":79},[33,38936,545],{"class":83},[33,38938,236],{"class":79},[33,38940,55],{"class":47},[33,38942,399],{"class":398},[33,38944,55],{"class":47},[33,38946,4770],{"class":51},[33,38948,66],{"class":47},[14,38950,38951],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[18,38953,5127,38955],{"id":38954},"when-to-use-filter",[30,38956,37730],{},[14,38958,672,38959,38961],{},[30,38960,37730],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38963,38964],{},"It works well for:",[316,38966,38967,38970,38973],{},[319,38968,38969],{},"simple filtering rules",[319,38971,38972],{},"quick data cleaning",[319,38974,38975],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38977,367],{},[23,38979,38981],{"className":25,"code":38980,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[30,38982,38983,39015,39048,39052],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,38984,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,38986,40],{"class":39},[33,38988,44],{"class":43},[33,38990,48],{"class":47},[33,38992,52],{"class":51},[33,38994,55],{"class":47},[33,38996,58],{"class":51},[33,38998,55],{"class":47},[33,39000,63],{"class":51},[33,39002,55],{"class":47},[33,39004,1132],{"class":51},[33,39006,55],{"class":47},[33,39008,4770],{"class":51},[33,39010,55],{"class":47},[33,39012,37798],{"class":51},[33,39014,66],{"class":47},[33,39016,39017,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39018,39019],{"class":39},"evens ",[33,39021,44],{"class":43},[33,39023,37809],{"class":156},[33,39025,133],{"class":47},[33,39027,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39029,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39031,3061],{"class":47},[33,39033,4050],{"class":162},[33,39035,6563],{"class":43},[33,39037,58],{"class":51},[33,39039,6568],{"class":43},[33,39041,4004],{"class":51},[33,39043,55],{"class":47},[33,39045,4430],{"class":162},[33,39047,143],{"class":47},[33,39049,39050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,39051,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39053,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39065],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,39055,157],{"class":156},[33,39057,133],{"class":47},[33,39059,1879],{"class":129},[33,39061,133],{"class":47},[33,39063,39064],{"class":162},"evens",[33,39066,733],{"class":47},[14,39068,207],{},[23,39070,39071],{"className":25,"code":38745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,39072,39073],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39074,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39076,217],{"class":47},[33,39078,2234],{"class":51},[33,39080,55],{"class":47},[33,39082,1132],{"class":51},[33,39084,55],{"class":47},[33,39086,37798],{"class":51},[33,39088,66],{"class":47},[14,39090,39091,39092,39094],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[30,39093,6117],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[23,39096,39098],{"className":25,"code":39097,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[30,39099,39100,39132,39140,39144,39156,39172,39187,39191],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39101,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39103,40],{"class":39},[33,39105,44],{"class":43},[33,39107,48],{"class":47},[33,39109,52],{"class":51},[33,39111,55],{"class":47},[33,39113,58],{"class":51},[33,39115,55],{"class":47},[33,39117,63],{"class":51},[33,39119,55],{"class":47},[33,39121,1132],{"class":51},[33,39123,55],{"class":47},[33,39125,4770],{"class":51},[33,39127,55],{"class":47},[33,39129,37798],{"class":51},[33,39131,66],{"class":47},[33,39133,39134,39136,39138],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39135,39019],{"class":39},[33,39137,44],{"class":43},[33,39139,118],{"class":47},[33,39141,39142],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,39143,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39145,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,39147,6117],{"class":4046},[33,39149,6546],{"class":39},[33,39151,4053],{"class":4046},[33,39153,4430],{"class":39},[33,39155,6553],{"class":47},[33,39157,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,39159,6558],{"class":4046},[33,39161,6546],{"class":39},[33,39163,6563],{"class":43},[33,39165,58],{"class":51},[33,39167,6568],{"class":43},[33,39169,4004],{"class":51},[33,39171,6553],{"class":47},[33,39173,39174,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,39175,39176],{"class":39},"        evens",[33,39178,310],{"class":47},[33,39180,780],{"class":162},[33,39182,133],{"class":47},[33,39184,2416],{"class":162},[33,39186,143],{"class":47},[33,39188,39189],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,39190,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,39194,157],{"class":156},[33,39196,133],{"class":47},[33,39198,39064],{"class":162},[33,39200,143],{"class":47},[14,39202,207],{},[23,39204,39205],{"className":25,"code":38745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,39206,39207],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39208,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39210,217],{"class":47},[33,39212,2234],{"class":51},[33,39214,55],{"class":47},[33,39216,1132],{"class":51},[33,39218,55],{"class":47},[33,39220,37798],{"class":51},[33,39222,66],{"class":47},[14,39224,39225],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[23,39227,39229],{"className":25,"code":39228,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[30,39230,39231,39263,39296,39300],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39232,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259,39261],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39234,40],{"class":39},[33,39236,44],{"class":43},[33,39238,48],{"class":47},[33,39240,52],{"class":51},[33,39242,55],{"class":47},[33,39244,58],{"class":51},[33,39246,55],{"class":47},[33,39248,63],{"class":51},[33,39250,55],{"class":47},[33,39252,1132],{"class":51},[33,39254,55],{"class":47},[33,39256,4770],{"class":51},[33,39258,55],{"class":47},[33,39260,37798],{"class":51},[33,39262,66],{"class":47},[33,39264,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39266,39019],{"class":39},[33,39268,44],{"class":43},[33,39270,48],{"class":47},[33,39272,2394],{"class":39},[33,39274,6117],{"class":4046},[33,39276,6546],{"class":39},[33,39278,4053],{"class":4046},[33,39280,39281],{"class":39}," numbers ",[33,39283,7156],{"class":4046},[33,39285,6546],{"class":39},[33,39287,6563],{"class":43},[33,39289,58],{"class":51},[33,39291,6568],{"class":43},[33,39293,4004],{"class":51},[33,39295,66],{"class":47},[33,39297,39298],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,39299,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39301,39302,39304,39306,39308],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,39303,157],{"class":156},[33,39305,133],{"class":47},[33,39307,39064],{"class":162},[33,39309,143],{"class":47},[14,39311,207],{},[23,39313,39314],{"className":25,"code":38745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,39315,39316],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39317,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39319,217],{"class":47},[33,39321,2234],{"class":51},[33,39323,55],{"class":47},[33,39325,1132],{"class":51},[33,39327,55],{"class":47},[33,39329,37798],{"class":51},[33,39331,66],{"class":47},[14,39333,39334,39335,310],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[273,39336,39338],{"href":39337},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[18,39340,3006],{"id":3005},[14,39342,14887,39343,310],{},[30,39344,37730],{},[664,39346,1487,39348,39350],{"id":39347},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[30,39349,37730],{}," to return a list",[14,39352,39353],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[23,39355,39357],{"className":25,"code":39356,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[30,39358,39359,39401],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39360,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39362,1506],{"class":39},[33,39364,44],{"class":43},[33,39366,37809],{"class":156},[33,39368,133],{"class":47},[33,39370,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39372,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39374,3061],{"class":47},[33,39376,4050],{"class":162},[33,39378,4419],{"class":43},[33,39380,58],{"class":51},[33,39382,55],{"class":47},[33,39384,48],{"class":47},[33,39386,52],{"class":51},[33,39388,55],{"class":47},[33,39390,58],{"class":51},[33,39392,55],{"class":47},[33,39394,63],{"class":51},[33,39396,55],{"class":47},[33,39398,1132],{"class":51},[33,39400,4059],{"class":47},[33,39402,39403,39405,39407,39409],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39404,157],{"class":156},[33,39406,133],{"class":47},[33,39408,1530],{"class":162},[33,39410,143],{"class":47},[14,39412,39413],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39415,39416],{},"Fix:",[23,39418,39420],{"className":25,"code":39419,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,39421,39422,39464],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39423,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456,39458,39460,39462],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39425,1506],{"class":39},[33,39427,44],{"class":43},[33,39429,37809],{"class":156},[33,39431,133],{"class":47},[33,39433,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39435,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39437,3061],{"class":47},[33,39439,4050],{"class":162},[33,39441,4419],{"class":43},[33,39443,58],{"class":51},[33,39445,55],{"class":47},[33,39447,48],{"class":47},[33,39449,52],{"class":51},[33,39451,55],{"class":47},[33,39453,58],{"class":51},[33,39455,55],{"class":47},[33,39457,63],{"class":51},[33,39459,55],{"class":47},[33,39461,1132],{"class":51},[33,39463,4059],{"class":47},[33,39465,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39467,157],{"class":156},[33,39469,133],{"class":47},[33,39471,1879],{"class":129},[33,39473,133],{"class":47},[33,39475,1530],{"class":162},[33,39477,733],{"class":47},[664,39479,39481,39482,453,39484,39486],{"id":39480},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[30,39483,3777],{},[30,39485,3844],{}," clearly",[14,39488,39489],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39491,39492],{},"Good example:",[23,39494,39496],{"className":25,"code":39495,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[30,39497,39498,39511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39499,39500,39502,39505,39507,39509],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39501,35007],{"class":1430},[33,39503,39504],{"class":35010}," is_positive",[33,39506,133],{"class":47},[33,39508,2416],{"class":37817},[33,39510,8498],{"class":47},[33,39512,39513,39515,39517,39519],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39514,35018],{"class":4046},[33,39516,6546],{"class":39},[33,39518,4419],{"class":43},[33,39520,38667],{"class":51},[14,39522,39523],{},"Then use it with:",[23,39525,39527],{"className":25,"code":39526,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[30,39528,39529,39561],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39530,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39532,40],{"class":39},[33,39534,44],{"class":43},[33,39536,48],{"class":47},[33,39538,2199],{"class":43},[33,39540,2234],{"class":51},[33,39542,55],{"class":47},[33,39544,2399],{"class":43},[33,39546,52],{"class":51},[33,39548,55],{"class":47},[33,39550,4004],{"class":51},[33,39552,55],{"class":47},[33,39554,1119],{"class":51},[33,39556,55],{"class":47},[33,39558,58],{"class":51},[33,39560,66],{"class":47},[33,39562,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39578,39580,39582],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39564,157],{"class":156},[33,39566,133],{"class":47},[33,39568,1879],{"class":129},[33,39570,133],{"class":47},[33,39572,37756],{"class":156},[33,39574,133],{"class":47},[33,39576,39577],{"class":162},"is_positive",[33,39579,55],{"class":47},[33,39581,4430],{"class":162},[33,39583,1890],{"class":47},[14,39585,207],{},[23,39587,39589],{"className":25,"code":39588,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2]\n",[30,39590,39591],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39592,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39594,217],{"class":47},[33,39596,52],{"class":51},[33,39598,55],{"class":47},[33,39600,58],{"class":51},[33,39602,66],{"class":47},[664,39604,39606],{"id":39605},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39608,39609],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[23,39611,39612],{"className":25,"code":38352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,39613,39614,39656,39660,39674],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39615,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39617,1506],{"class":39},[33,39619,44],{"class":43},[33,39621,37809],{"class":156},[33,39623,133],{"class":47},[33,39625,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39627,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39629,3061],{"class":47},[33,39631,4050],{"class":162},[33,39633,4419],{"class":43},[33,39635,58],{"class":51},[33,39637,55],{"class":47},[33,39639,48],{"class":47},[33,39641,52],{"class":51},[33,39643,55],{"class":47},[33,39645,58],{"class":51},[33,39647,55],{"class":47},[33,39649,63],{"class":51},[33,39651,55],{"class":47},[33,39653,1132],{"class":51},[33,39655,4059],{"class":47},[33,39657,39658],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39659,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39661,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,39663,157],{"class":156},[33,39665,133],{"class":47},[33,39667,1879],{"class":129},[33,39669,133],{"class":47},[33,39671,1530],{"class":162},[33,39673,733],{"class":47},[33,39675,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,39677,157],{"class":156},[33,39679,133],{"class":47},[33,39681,1879],{"class":129},[33,39683,133],{"class":47},[33,39685,1530],{"class":162},[33,39687,733],{"class":47},[14,39689,207],{},[23,39691,39692],{"className":25,"code":38433,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,39693,39694,39706],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39695,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39697,217],{"class":47},[33,39699,2240],{"class":51},[33,39701,55],{"class":47},[33,39703,1132],{"class":51},[33,39705,66],{"class":47},[33,39707,39708],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39709,264],{"class":47},[14,39711,39712],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[23,39714,39716],{"className":25,"code":39715,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[30,39717,39718,39764,39768,39778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39719,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39721,1506],{"class":39},[33,39723,44],{"class":43},[33,39725,130],{"class":129},[33,39727,133],{"class":47},[33,39729,37756],{"class":156},[33,39731,133],{"class":47},[33,39733,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39735,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39737,3061],{"class":47},[33,39739,4050],{"class":162},[33,39741,4419],{"class":43},[33,39743,58],{"class":51},[33,39745,55],{"class":47},[33,39747,48],{"class":47},[33,39749,52],{"class":51},[33,39751,55],{"class":47},[33,39753,58],{"class":51},[33,39755,55],{"class":47},[33,39757,63],{"class":51},[33,39759,55],{"class":47},[33,39761,1132],{"class":51},[33,39763,3175],{"class":47},[33,39765,39766],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39767,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,39769,39770,39772,39774,39776],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,39771,157],{"class":156},[33,39773,133],{"class":47},[33,39775,1530],{"class":162},[33,39777,143],{"class":47},[33,39779,39780,39782,39784,39786],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,39781,157],{"class":156},[33,39783,133],{"class":47},[33,39785,1530],{"class":162},[33,39787,143],{"class":47},[664,39789,39791],{"id":39790},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39793,39794],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39796,16796],{},[23,39798,39800],{"className":25,"code":39799,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[30,39801,39802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39803,39804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39805,39799],{"class":1308},[14,39807,39808,39809,6709],{},"This causes an error because ",[30,39810,538],{},[14,39812,16808],{},[23,39814,39816],{"className":25,"code":39815,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[30,39817,39818],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39819,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39821,157],{"class":156},[33,39823,133],{"class":47},[33,39825,1879],{"class":129},[33,39827,133],{"class":47},[33,39829,37756],{"class":156},[33,39831,133],{"class":47},[33,39833,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39835,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39837,3061],{"class":47},[33,39839,4050],{"class":162},[33,39841,4419],{"class":43},[33,39843,58],{"class":51},[33,39845,55],{"class":47},[33,39847,48],{"class":47},[33,39849,52],{"class":51},[33,39851,55],{"class":47},[33,39853,58],{"class":51},[33,39855,55],{"class":47},[33,39857,63],{"class":51},[33,39859,55],{"class":47},[33,39861,1132],{"class":51},[33,39863,37419],{"class":47},[664,39865,37358,39867,8860,39869],{"id":39866},"confusing-filter-with-map",[30,39868,37730],{},[30,39870,39871],{},"map()",[316,39873,39874,39879],{},[319,39875,39876,39878],{},[30,39877,37730],{}," keeps or removes items",[319,39880,39881,39883],{},[30,39882,39871],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39885,39886,39887,3061],{},"Example of ",[30,39888,37730],{},[23,39890,39892],{"className":25,"code":39891,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[30,39893,39894,39918],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39895,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39897,40],{"class":39},[33,39899,44],{"class":43},[33,39901,48],{"class":47},[33,39903,52],{"class":51},[33,39905,55],{"class":47},[33,39907,58],{"class":51},[33,39909,55],{"class":47},[33,39911,63],{"class":51},[33,39913,55],{"class":47},[33,39915,1132],{"class":51},[33,39917,66],{"class":47},[33,39919,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,39921,157],{"class":156},[33,39923,133],{"class":47},[33,39925,1879],{"class":129},[33,39927,133],{"class":47},[33,39929,37756],{"class":156},[33,39931,133],{"class":47},[33,39933,37814],{"class":1430},[33,39935,37818],{"class":37817},[33,39937,3061],{"class":47},[33,39939,4050],{"class":162},[33,39941,4419],{"class":43},[33,39943,58],{"class":51},[33,39945,55],{"class":47},[33,39947,4430],{"class":162},[33,39949,1890],{"class":47},[14,39951,207],{},[23,39953,39955],{"className":25,"code":39954,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 4]\n",[30,39956,39957],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39958,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39960,217],{"class":47},[33,39962,2240],{"class":51},[33,39964,55],{"class":47},[33,39966,1132],{"class":51},[33,39968,66],{"class":47},[14,39970,39886,39971,3061],{},[30,39972,39871],{},[23,39974,39976],{"className":25,"code":39975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[30,39977,39978,40002],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,39979,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,39981,40],{"class":39},[33,39983,44],{"class":43},[33,39985,48],{"class":47},[33,39987,52],{"class":51},[33,39989,55],{"class":47},[33,39991,58],{"class":51},[33,39993,55],{"class":47},[33,39995,63],{"class":51},[33,39997,55],{"class":47},[33,39999,1132],{"class":51},[33,40001,66],{"class":47},[33,40003,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025,40028,40030,40032,40034],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40005,157],{"class":156},[33,40007,133],{"class":47},[33,40009,1879],{"class":129},[33,40011,133],{"class":47},[33,40013,40014],{"class":156},"map",[33,40016,133],{"class":47},[33,40018,37814],{"class":1430},[33,40020,37818],{"class":37817},[33,40022,3061],{"class":47},[33,40024,4050],{"class":162},[33,40026,40027],{"class":43},"*",[33,40029,58],{"class":51},[33,40031,55],{"class":47},[33,40033,4430],{"class":162},[33,40035,1890],{"class":47},[14,40037,207],{},[23,40039,40041],{"className":25,"code":40040,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[30,40042,40043],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40044,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40046,217],{"class":47},[33,40048,2234],{"class":51},[33,40050,55],{"class":47},[33,40052,1132],{"class":51},[33,40054,55],{"class":47},[33,40056,37798],{"class":51},[33,40058,55],{"class":47},[33,40060,6519],{"class":51},[33,40062,66],{"class":47},[14,40064,40065,40066,310],{},"For the related function, see ",[273,40067,2076,40069,3683],{"href":40068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[30,40070,39871],{},[18,40072,1961],{"id":1960},[664,40074,12857,40076,40078],{"id":40075},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[30,40077,37730],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40080,40081,40082,40084],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[30,40083,305],{}," if needed.",[664,40086,40088,40089,40091],{"id":40087},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[30,40090,37730],{}," need to return?",[14,40093,38037,40094,40096,40097,40099],{},[30,40095,3777],{}," to keep an item and ",[30,40098,3844],{}," to remove it.",[664,40101,28481,40103,40105],{"id":40102},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[30,40104,37730],{}," without lambda?",[14,40107,40108],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[664,40110,2007,40112,40115],{"id":40111},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[30,40113,40114],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40117,40118,40119,40121,40122,1938,40124,310],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[30,40120,1114],{},", empty strings, ",[30,40123,3950],{},[30,40125,3844],{},[664,40127,21574,40129,40131],{"id":40128},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[30,40130,37730],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40133,40134,40135,40137],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[30,40136,6117],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40139,40140],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[316,40142,40143,40149,40155],{},[319,40144,40145,40146,40148],{},"use ",[30,40147,37730],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[319,40150,40151,40152,40154],{},"use a ",[30,40153,6117],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[319,40156,40157],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40159,40160,40161,310],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[273,40162,5297],{"href":40163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[18,40165,2045],{"id":2044},[316,40167,40168,40173,40177,40182,40188],{},[319,40169,40170],{},[273,40171,40172],{"href":38608},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[319,40174,40175],{},[273,40176,5385],{"href":40163},[319,40178,40179],{},[273,40180,40181],{"href":39337},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[319,40183,40184],{},[273,40185,2076,40186,3683],{"href":40068},[30,40187,39871],{},[319,40189,40190],{},[273,40191,5380],{"href":5745},[2097,40193,40194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":40196},[40197,40198,40200,40204,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40225,40237],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":37864,"depth":69,"text":40199},"What filter() does",{"id":37998,"depth":69,"text":37999,"children":40201},[40202,40203],{"id":38015,"depth":110,"text":38015},{"id":3892,"depth":110,"text":3892},{"id":38174,"depth":69,"text":38175,"children":40205},[40206],{"id":38345,"depth":110,"text":38346},{"id":38457,"depth":69,"text":40208},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38612,"depth":69,"text":40210},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38774,"depth":69,"text":40212},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38954,"depth":69,"text":40214},"When to use filter()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":40216},[40217,40219,40221,40222,40223],{"id":39347,"depth":110,"text":40218},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39480,"depth":110,"text":40220},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39605,"depth":110,"text":39606},{"id":39790,"depth":110,"text":39791},{"id":39866,"depth":110,"text":40224},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":40226},[40227,40229,40231,40233,40235],{"id":40075,"depth":110,"text":40228},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40087,"depth":110,"text":40230},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40102,"depth":110,"text":40232},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40111,"depth":110,"text":40234},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40128,"depth":110,"text":40236},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37722,"description":40238},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40245,"title":40246,"body":40247,"description":42397,"extension":2138,"meta":42398,"navigation":149,"path":42399,"seo":42400,"stem":42401,"__hash__":42402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40248,"toc":42351},[40249,40252,40257,40263,40265,40317,40319,40338,40343,40347,40352,40355,40370,40373,40395,40397,40446,40448,40472,40474,40476,40491,40496,40504,40519,40521,40530,40533,40568,40572,40577,40580,40587,40622,40624,40640,40644,40647,40688,40690,40704,40708,40711,40735,40737,40746,40749,40752,40785,40787,40800,40804,40810,40829,40831,40839,40843,40848,40852,40858,40881,40883,40912,40915,40934,40938,40941,40968,40970,41004,41008,41011,41035,41039,41050,41052,41057,41063,41065,41149,41151,41193,41196,41200,41207,41216,41272,41279,41288,41293,41297,41368,41370,41379,41383,41386,41430,41432,41441,41445,41451,41501,41505,41510,41514,41538,41540,41549,41553,41577,41579,41590,41594,41618,41620,41629,41632,41649,41655,41659,41665,41668,41673,41676,41697,41699,41730,41733,41738,41740,41751,41753,41797,41801,41808,41860,41862,41871,41875,41878,41971,41974,41998,42002,42005,42097,42102,42106,42113,42118,42142,42144,42153,42158,42181,42183,42191,42198,42221,42229,42231,42244,42254,42256,42260,42267,42271,42280,42284,42291,42295,42299,42303,42316,42318,42348],[10,40250,40246],{"id":40251},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40253,9279,40254,40256],{},[30,40255,3060],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40258,40259,40260,40262],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[30,40261,3060],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[18,40264,2180],{"id":2179},[23,40266,40268],{"className":25,"code":40267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[30,40269,40270,40284,40303],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40271,40272,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40273,157],{"class":156},[33,40275,133],{"class":47},[33,40277,2369],{"class":129},[33,40279,133],{"class":47},[33,40281,1085],{"class":51},[33,40283,733],{"class":47},[33,40285,40286,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296,40299,40301],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40287,157],{"class":156},[33,40289,133],{"class":47},[33,40291,2369],{"class":129},[33,40293,133],{"class":47},[33,40295,80],{"class":79},[33,40297,40298],{"class":83},"3.14",[33,40300,80],{"class":79},[33,40302,733],{"class":47},[33,40304,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313,40315],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,40306,157],{"class":156},[33,40308,133],{"class":47},[33,40310,2369],{"class":129},[33,40312,133],{"class":47},[33,40314,3777],{"class":398},[33,40316,733],{"class":47},[14,40318,207],{},[23,40320,40322],{"className":25,"code":40321,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[30,40323,40324,40328,40333],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40325,40326],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40327,2654],{"class":51},[33,40329,40330],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40331,40332],{"class":51},"3.14\n",[33,40334,40335],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,40336,40337],{"class":51},"1.0\n",[14,40339,672,40340,40342],{},[30,40341,3060],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[18,40344,40346],{"id":40345},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40348,40349,40351],{},[30,40350,3060],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40353,40354],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[316,40356,40357,40361,40365],{},[319,40358,40359],{},[30,40360,2666],{},[319,40362,40363],{},[30,40364,40298],{},[319,40366,40367],{},[30,40368,40369],{},"0.5",[14,40371,40372],{},"A few key points:",[316,40374,40375,40382,40385,40388],{},[319,40376,40377,40379,40380],{},[30,40378,3060],{}," returns a value of type ",[30,40381,2369],{},[319,40383,40384],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[319,40386,40387],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[319,40389,40390,40391],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[273,40392,40393],{"href":8377},[30,40394,3134],{},[14,40396,367],{},[23,40398,40400],{"className":25,"code":40399,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,40401,40402,40422,40432],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40403,40404,40406,40408,40411,40413,40415,40418,40420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40405,2394],{"class":39},[33,40407,44],{"class":43},[33,40409,40410],{"class":129}," float",[33,40412,133],{"class":47},[33,40414,80],{"class":79},[33,40416,40417],{"class":83},"2.75",[33,40419,80],{"class":79},[33,40421,143],{"class":47},[33,40423,40424,40426,40428,40430],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40425,157],{"class":156},[33,40427,133],{"class":47},[33,40429,2416],{"class":162},[33,40431,143],{"class":47},[33,40433,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,40435,157],{"class":156},[33,40437,133],{"class":47},[33,40439,1406],{"class":129},[33,40441,133],{"class":47},[33,40443,2416],{"class":162},[33,40445,733],{"class":47},[14,40447,207],{},[23,40449,40451],{"className":25,"code":40450,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[30,40452,40453,40458],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40454,40455],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40456,40457],{"class":51},"2.75\n",[33,40459,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40470],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40461,1427],{"class":43},[33,40463,1431],{"class":1430},[33,40465,245],{"class":79},[33,40467,2369],{"class":83},[33,40469,236],{"class":79},[33,40471,1441],{"class":43},[18,40473,2334],{"id":2333},[14,40475,7377],{},[23,40477,40479],{"className":25,"code":40478,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"float(value)\n",[30,40480,40481],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40482,40483,40485,40487,40489],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40484,2369],{"class":129},[33,40486,133],{"class":47},[33,40488,2647],{"class":162},[33,40490,143],{"class":47},[14,40492,40493,40494,310],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[30,40495,3060],{},[14,40497,40498,40499,40501,40502,3061],{},"If you call ",[30,40500,3060],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[30,40503,3940],{},[23,40505,40507],{"className":25,"code":40506,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float())\n",[30,40508,40509],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40510,40511,40513,40515,40517],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40512,157],{"class":156},[33,40514,133],{"class":47},[33,40516,2369],{"class":129},[33,40518,7353],{"class":47},[14,40520,207],{},[23,40522,40524],{"className":25,"code":40523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0.0\n",[30,40525,40526],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40527,40528],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40529,40523],{"class":51},[14,40531,40532],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[23,40534,40536],{"className":25,"code":40535,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[30,40537,40538,40558],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40539,40540,40543,40545,40547,40549,40551,40554,40556],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40541,40542],{"class":39},"price ",[33,40544,44],{"class":43},[33,40546,40410],{"class":129},[33,40548,133],{"class":47},[33,40550,80],{"class":79},[33,40552,40553],{"class":83},"19.99",[33,40555,80],{"class":79},[33,40557,143],{"class":47},[33,40559,40560,40562,40564,40566],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40561,157],{"class":156},[33,40563,133],{"class":47},[33,40565,25303],{"class":162},[33,40567,143],{"class":47},[18,40569,40571],{"id":40570},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40573,40574,40576],{},[30,40575,3060],{}," can convert several common value types.",[664,40578,40579],{"id":1162},"Integers",[14,40581,40582,40583,40586],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[30,40584,40585],{},".0"," added:",[23,40588,40590],{"className":25,"code":40589,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[30,40591,40592,40606],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40593,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40595,157],{"class":156},[33,40597,133],{"class":47},[33,40599,2369],{"class":129},[33,40601,133],{"class":47},[33,40603,1085],{"class":51},[33,40605,733],{"class":47},[33,40607,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616,40618,40620],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40609,157],{"class":156},[33,40611,133],{"class":47},[33,40613,2369],{"class":129},[33,40615,133],{"class":47},[33,40617,2199],{"class":43},[33,40619,2234],{"class":51},[33,40621,733],{"class":47},[14,40623,207],{},[23,40625,40627],{"className":25,"code":40626,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[30,40628,40629,40633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40630,40631],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40632,2654],{"class":51},[33,40634,40635,40637],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40636,2199],{"class":43},[33,40638,40639],{"class":51},"2.0\n",[664,40641,40643],{"id":40642},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40645,40646],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[23,40648,40650],{"className":25,"code":40649,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[30,40651,40652,40670],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40653,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664,40666,40668],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40655,157],{"class":156},[33,40657,133],{"class":47},[33,40659,2369],{"class":129},[33,40661,133],{"class":47},[33,40663,80],{"class":79},[33,40665,40298],{"class":83},[33,40667,80],{"class":79},[33,40669,733],{"class":47},[33,40671,40672,40674,40676,40678,40680,40682,40684,40686],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40673,157],{"class":156},[33,40675,133],{"class":47},[33,40677,2369],{"class":129},[33,40679,133],{"class":47},[33,40681,80],{"class":79},[33,40683,538],{"class":83},[33,40685,80],{"class":79},[33,40687,733],{"class":47},[14,40689,207],{},[23,40691,40693],{"className":25,"code":40692,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.14\n10.0\n",[30,40694,40695,40699],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40696,40697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40698,40332],{"class":51},[33,40700,40701],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40702,40703],{"class":51},"10.0\n",[664,40705,40707],{"id":40706},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40709,40710],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[23,40712,40714],{"className":25,"code":40713,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[30,40715,40716],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40717,40718,40720,40722,40724,40726,40728,40731,40733],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40719,157],{"class":156},[33,40721,133],{"class":47},[33,40723,2369],{"class":129},[33,40725,133],{"class":47},[33,40727,80],{"class":79},[33,40729,40730],{"class":83},"  8.5  ",[33,40732,80],{"class":79},[33,40734,733],{"class":47},[14,40736,207],{},[23,40738,40740],{"className":25,"code":40739,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"8.5\n",[30,40741,40742],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40743,40744],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40745,40739],{"class":51},[664,40747,40748],{"id":1168},"Booleans",[14,40750,40751],{},"Boolean values also work:",[23,40753,40755],{"className":25,"code":40754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[30,40756,40757,40771],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40758,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40760,157],{"class":156},[33,40762,133],{"class":47},[33,40764,2369],{"class":129},[33,40766,133],{"class":47},[33,40768,3777],{"class":398},[33,40770,733],{"class":47},[33,40772,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40774,157],{"class":156},[33,40776,133],{"class":47},[33,40778,2369],{"class":129},[33,40780,133],{"class":47},[33,40782,3844],{"class":398},[33,40784,733],{"class":47},[14,40786,207],{},[23,40788,40790],{"className":25,"code":40789,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1.0\n0.0\n",[30,40791,40792,40796],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40793,40794],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40795,40337],{"class":51},[33,40797,40798],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,40799,40523],{"class":51},[664,40801,40803],{"id":40802},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40805,40806,40807,40809],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[30,40808,3060],{}," returns a float version of it:",[23,40811,40813],{"className":25,"code":40812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(4.2))\n",[30,40814,40815],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40816,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40818,157],{"class":156},[33,40820,133],{"class":47},[33,40822,2369],{"class":129},[33,40824,133],{"class":47},[33,40826,2537],{"class":51},[33,40828,733],{"class":47},[14,40830,207],{},[23,40832,40833],{"className":25,"code":2561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,40834,40835],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40836,40837],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40838,2561],{"class":51},[18,40840,40842],{"id":40841},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40844,40845,40846,310],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[30,40847,3060],{},[664,40849,40851],{"id":40850},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40853,40854,40855,3061],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[30,40856,40857],{},"ValueError",[23,40859,40861],{"className":25,"code":40860,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[30,40862,40863],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877,40879],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40866,157],{"class":156},[33,40868,133],{"class":47},[33,40870,2369],{"class":129},[33,40872,133],{"class":47},[33,40874,80],{"class":79},[33,40876,545],{"class":83},[33,40878,80],{"class":79},[33,40880,733],{"class":47},[14,40882,29834],{},[23,40884,40886],{"className":25,"code":40885,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[30,40887,40888],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40889,40890,40892,40894,40897,40899,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40891,40857],{"class":129},[33,40893,3061],{"class":47},[33,40895,40896],{"class":39}," could ",[33,40898,4796],{"class":43},[33,40900,40901],{"class":39}," convert string to ",[33,40903,2369],{"class":129},[33,40905,3061],{"class":47},[33,40907,245],{"class":79},[33,40909,545],{"class":83},[33,40911,29853],{"class":79},[14,40913,40914],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[23,40916,40918],{"className":25,"code":40917,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[30,40919,40920],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40921,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40923,157],{"class":156},[33,40925,133],{"class":47},[33,40927,2369],{"class":129},[33,40929,133],{"class":47},[33,40931,6431],{"class":79},[33,40933,733],{"class":47},[664,40935,40937],{"id":40936},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40939,40940],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[23,40942,40944],{"className":25,"code":40943,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[30,40945,40946],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964,40966],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40949,157],{"class":156},[33,40951,133],{"class":47},[33,40953,2369],{"class":129},[33,40955,3162],{"class":47},[33,40957,52],{"class":51},[33,40959,55],{"class":47},[33,40961,58],{"class":51},[33,40963,55],{"class":47},[33,40965,63],{"class":51},[33,40967,3175],{"class":47},[14,40969,29834],{},[23,40971,40973],{"className":25,"code":40972,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[30,40974,40975],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,40976,40977,40979,40981,40983,40985,40988,40991,40994,40996,40998,41000,41002],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,40978,3181],{"class":129},[33,40980,3061],{"class":47},[33,40982,40410],{"class":129},[33,40984,1360],{"class":47},[33,40986,40987],{"class":39}," argument must be a string ",[33,40989,40990],{"class":43},"or",[33,40992,40993],{"class":39}," a real number",[33,40995,55],{"class":47},[33,40997,8257],{"class":43},[33,40999,245],{"class":79},[33,41001,1879],{"class":83},[33,41003,29853],{"class":79},[664,41005,41007],{"id":41006},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41009,41010],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[23,41012,41014],{"className":25,"code":41013,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[30,41015,41016],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41017,41018,41020,41022,41024,41026,41028,41031,41033],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41019,157],{"class":156},[33,41021,133],{"class":47},[33,41023,2369],{"class":129},[33,41025,133],{"class":47},[33,41027,80],{"class":79},[33,41029,41030],{"class":83},"3,14",[33,41032,80],{"class":79},[33,41034,733],{"class":47},[14,41036,3178,41037,310],{},[30,41038,40857],{},[14,41040,41041,41042,2030,41046,310],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[273,41043,41045],{"href":41044},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[273,41047,41049],{"href":41048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[18,41051,17571],{"id":17570},[14,41053,41054,41056],{},[30,41055,3060],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41058,41059,41060,41062],{},"It does ",[205,41061,4796],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41064,367],{},[23,41066,41068],{"className":25,"code":41067,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,41069,41070,41083,41097,41101,41111,41121,41135],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41071,41072,41074,41076,41078,41081],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41073,34843],{"class":39},[33,41075,44],{"class":43},[33,41077,91],{"class":79},[33,41079,41080],{"class":83},"6.5",[33,41082,3532],{"class":79},[33,41084,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41086,2394],{"class":39},[33,41088,44],{"class":43},[33,41090,40410],{"class":129},[33,41092,133],{"class":47},[33,41094,34864],{"class":162},[33,41096,143],{"class":47},[33,41098,41099],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41100,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41102,41103,41105,41107,41109],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41104,157],{"class":156},[33,41106,133],{"class":47},[33,41108,34864],{"class":162},[33,41110,143],{"class":47},[33,41112,41113,41115,41117,41119],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,41114,157],{"class":156},[33,41116,133],{"class":47},[33,41118,2416],{"class":162},[33,41120,143],{"class":47},[33,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,41124,157],{"class":156},[33,41126,133],{"class":47},[33,41128,1406],{"class":129},[33,41130,133],{"class":47},[33,41132,34864],{"class":162},[33,41134,733],{"class":47},[33,41136,41137,41139,41141,41143,41145,41147],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,41138,157],{"class":156},[33,41140,133],{"class":47},[33,41142,1406],{"class":129},[33,41144,133],{"class":47},[33,41146,2416],{"class":162},[33,41148,733],{"class":47},[14,41150,207],{},[23,41152,41154],{"className":25,"code":41153,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[30,41155,41156,41161,41165,41179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41157,41158],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41159,41160],{"class":51},"6.5\n",[33,41162,41163],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41164,41160],{"class":51},[33,41166,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175,41177],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41168,1427],{"class":43},[33,41170,1431],{"class":1430},[33,41172,245],{"class":79},[33,41174,3617],{"class":83},[33,41176,236],{"class":79},[33,41178,1441],{"class":43},[33,41180,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189,41191],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41182,1427],{"class":43},[33,41184,1431],{"class":1430},[33,41186,245],{"class":79},[33,41188,2369],{"class":83},[33,41190,236],{"class":79},[33,41192,1441],{"class":43},[14,41194,41195],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[18,41197,41199],{"id":41198},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[664,41201,41203,41204,41206],{"id":41202},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[30,41205,3134],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41208,2155,41209,41213,41214,310],{},[273,41210,41211,333],{"href":8377},[30,41212,3134],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[30,41215,3060],{},[23,41217,41219],{"className":25,"code":41218,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[30,41220,41221,41240,41254,41258],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41222,41223,41225,41227,41229,41231,41233,41236,41238],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41224,8395],{"class":39},[33,41226,44],{"class":43},[33,41228,8400],{"class":156},[33,41230,133],{"class":47},[33,41232,80],{"class":79},[33,41234,41235],{"class":83},"Enter a price: ",[33,41237,80],{"class":79},[33,41239,143],{"class":47},[33,41241,41242,41244,41246,41248,41250,41252],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41243,40542],{"class":39},[33,41245,44],{"class":43},[33,41247,40410],{"class":129},[33,41249,133],{"class":47},[33,41251,8424],{"class":162},[33,41253,143],{"class":47},[33,41255,41256],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41257,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41259,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41261,157],{"class":156},[33,41263,133],{"class":47},[33,41265,40542],{"class":162},[33,41267,40027],{"class":43},[33,41269,58],{"class":51},[33,41271,143],{"class":47},[14,41273,41274,41275,41278],{},"If the user enters ",[30,41276,41277],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[23,41280,41282],{"className":25,"code":41281,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"9.0\n",[30,41283,41284],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41285,41286],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41287,41281],{"class":51},[14,41289,41290,41291,310],{},"For more help with this, see ",[273,41292,9137],{"href":9136},[664,41294,41296],{"id":41295},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[23,41298,41300],{"className":25,"code":41299,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[30,41301,41302,41315,41328,41332,41357],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41303,41304,41306,41308,41310,41313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41305,2729],{"class":39},[33,41307,44],{"class":43},[33,41309,91],{"class":79},[33,41311,41312],{"class":83},"2.5",[33,41314,3532],{"class":79},[33,41316,41317,41319,41321,41323,41326],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41318,2757],{"class":39},[33,41320,44],{"class":43},[33,41322,91],{"class":79},[33,41324,41325],{"class":83},"1.5",[33,41327,3532],{"class":79},[33,41329,41330],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41331,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41333,41334,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41347,41349,41351,41353,41355],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41335,41336],{"class":39},"total ",[33,41338,44],{"class":43},[33,41340,40410],{"class":129},[33,41342,133],{"class":47},[33,41344,273],{"class":162},[33,41346,3831],{"class":47},[33,41348,2629],{"class":43},[33,41350,40410],{"class":129},[33,41352,133],{"class":47},[33,41354,282],{"class":162},[33,41356,143],{"class":47},[33,41358,41359,41361,41363,41366],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,41360,157],{"class":156},[33,41362,133],{"class":47},[33,41364,41365],{"class":162},"total",[33,41367,143],{"class":47},[14,41369,207],{},[23,41371,41373],{"className":25,"code":41372,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"4.0\n",[30,41374,41375],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41376,41377],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41378,41372],{"class":51},[664,41380,41382],{"id":41381},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41384,41385],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[23,41387,41389],{"className":25,"code":41388,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,41390,41391,41401,41416,41420],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41392,41393,41396,41398],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41394,41395],{"class":39},"count ",[33,41397,44],{"class":43},[33,41399,41400],{"class":51}," 7\n",[33,41402,41403,41405,41407,41409,41411,41414],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41404,1506],{"class":39},[33,41406,44],{"class":43},[33,41408,40410],{"class":129},[33,41410,133],{"class":47},[33,41412,41413],{"class":162},"count",[33,41415,143],{"class":47},[33,41417,41418],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41419,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41421,41422,41424,41426,41428],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41423,157],{"class":156},[33,41425,133],{"class":47},[33,41427,1530],{"class":162},[33,41429,143],{"class":47},[14,41431,207],{},[23,41433,41435],{"className":25,"code":41434,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"7.0\n",[30,41436,41437],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41438,41439],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41440,41434],{"class":51},[664,41442,41444],{"id":41443},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41446,41447,41448,41450],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[30,41449,3060],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[23,41452,41454],{"className":25,"code":41453,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[30,41455,41456,41470,41486,41490],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41457,41458,41461,41463,41465,41468],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41459,41460],{"class":39},"temperature_text ",[33,41462,44],{"class":43},[33,41464,91],{"class":79},[33,41466,41467],{"class":83},"21.8",[33,41469,3532],{"class":79},[33,41471,41472,41475,41477,41479,41481,41484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41473,41474],{"class":39},"temperature ",[33,41476,44],{"class":43},[33,41478,40410],{"class":129},[33,41480,133],{"class":47},[33,41482,41483],{"class":162},"temperature_text",[33,41485,143],{"class":47},[33,41487,41488],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41489,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41491,41492,41494,41496,41499],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41493,157],{"class":156},[33,41495,133],{"class":47},[33,41497,41498],{"class":162},"temperature",[33,41500,143],{"class":47},[18,41502,41504],{"id":41503},"special-values","Special values",[14,41506,41507,41509],{},[30,41508,3060],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[664,41511,41513],{"id":41512},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[23,41515,41517],{"className":25,"code":41516,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[30,41518,41519],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41520,41521,41523,41525,41527,41529,41531,41534,41536],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41522,157],{"class":156},[33,41524,133],{"class":47},[33,41526,2369],{"class":129},[33,41528,133],{"class":47},[33,41530,80],{"class":79},[33,41532,41533],{"class":83},"inf",[33,41535,80],{"class":79},[33,41537,733],{"class":47},[14,41539,207],{},[23,41541,41543],{"className":25,"code":41542,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"inf\n",[30,41544,41545],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41546,41547],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41548,41542],{"class":39},[664,41550,41552],{"id":41551},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[23,41554,41556],{"className":25,"code":41555,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[30,41557,41558],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41559,41560,41562,41564,41566,41568,41570,41573,41575],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41561,157],{"class":156},[33,41563,133],{"class":47},[33,41565,2369],{"class":129},[33,41567,133],{"class":47},[33,41569,80],{"class":79},[33,41571,41572],{"class":83},"-inf",[33,41574,80],{"class":79},[33,41576,733],{"class":47},[14,41578,207],{},[23,41580,41582],{"className":25,"code":41581,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"-inf\n",[30,41583,41584],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41585,41586,41588],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41587,2199],{"class":43},[33,41589,41542],{"class":39},[664,41591,41593],{"id":41592},"not-a-number","Not a number",[23,41595,41597],{"className":25,"code":41596,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[30,41598,41599],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41600,41601,41603,41605,41607,41609,41611,41614,41616],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41602,157],{"class":156},[33,41604,133],{"class":47},[33,41606,2369],{"class":129},[33,41608,133],{"class":47},[33,41610,80],{"class":79},[33,41612,41613],{"class":83},"nan",[33,41615,80],{"class":79},[33,41617,733],{"class":47},[14,41619,207],{},[23,41621,41623],{"className":25,"code":41622,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"nan\n",[30,41624,41625],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41626,41627],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41628,41622],{"class":39},[14,41630,41631],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[316,41633,41634,41639,41644],{},[319,41635,41636,41638],{},[30,41637,41533],{}," means positive infinity",[319,41640,41641,41643],{},[30,41642,41572],{}," means negative infinity",[319,41645,41646,41648],{},[30,41647,41613],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41650,41651,41652,41654],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[30,41653,3060],{}," accepts them.",[18,41656,41658],{"id":41657},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41660,41661,41662,41664],{},"The most common problems with ",[30,41663,3060],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[664,41666,40857],{"id":41667},"valueerror",[14,41669,15341,41670,41672],{},[30,41671,40857],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41674,41675],{},"Common causes:",[316,41677,41678,41684,41687,41690],{},[319,41679,41680,41681],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[30,41682,41683],{},"\"abc\"",[319,41685,41686],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[319,41688,41689],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[319,41691,4870,41692],{},[273,41693,41694,41696],{"href":8377},[30,41695,3134],{}," returns a string",[14,41698,367],{},[23,41700,41702],{"className":25,"code":41701,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[30,41703,41704,41716],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41705,41706,41708,41710,41712,41714],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41707,2622],{"class":39},[33,41709,44],{"class":43},[33,41711,91],{"class":79},[33,41713,138],{"class":83},[33,41715,3532],{"class":79},[33,41717,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41719,157],{"class":156},[33,41721,133],{"class":47},[33,41723,2369],{"class":129},[33,41725,133],{"class":47},[33,41727,2647],{"class":162},[33,41729,733],{"class":47},[664,41731,3181],{"id":41732},"typeerror",[14,41734,15341,41735,41737],{},[30,41736,3181],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41739,41675],{},[316,41741,41742,41745,41748],{},[319,41743,41744],{},"Passing a list",[319,41746,41747],{},"Passing a dictionary",[319,41749,41750],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41752,367],{},[23,41754,41756],{"className":25,"code":41755,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[30,41757,41758,41783],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41759,41760,41762,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772,41774,41776,41779,41781],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41761,2622],{"class":39},[33,41763,44],{"class":43},[33,41765,10644],{"class":47},[33,41767,80],{"class":79},[33,41769,25303],{"class":83},[33,41771,80],{"class":79},[33,41773,3061],{"class":47},[33,41775,91],{"class":79},[33,41777,41778],{"class":83},"9.99",[33,41780,80],{"class":79},[33,41782,9462],{"class":47},[33,41784,41785,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41786,157],{"class":156},[33,41788,133],{"class":47},[33,41790,2369],{"class":129},[33,41792,133],{"class":47},[33,41794,2647],{"class":162},[33,41796,733],{"class":47},[664,41798,41800],{"id":41799},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41802,41803,41804,41807],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[30,41805,41806],{},"strip()"," can help:",[23,41809,41811],{"className":25,"code":41810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[30,41812,41813,41826,41841,41845],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41814,41815,41817,41819,41821,41824],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41816,2622],{"class":39},[33,41818,44],{"class":43},[33,41820,91],{"class":79},[33,41822,41823],{"class":83},"  7.25  ",[33,41825,3532],{"class":79},[33,41827,41828,41831,41833,41835,41837,41839],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41829,41830],{"class":39},"clean_value ",[33,41832,44],{"class":43},[33,41834,8589],{"class":39},[33,41836,310],{"class":47},[33,41838,8790],{"class":162},[33,41840,1671],{"class":47},[33,41842,41843],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41844,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41846,41847,41849,41851,41853,41855,41858],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41848,157],{"class":156},[33,41850,133],{"class":47},[33,41852,2369],{"class":129},[33,41854,133],{"class":47},[33,41856,41857],{"class":162},"clean_value",[33,41859,733],{"class":47},[14,41861,207],{},[23,41863,41865],{"className":25,"code":41864,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"7.25\n",[30,41866,41867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41868,41869],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41870,41864],{"class":51},[664,41872,41874],{"id":41873},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41876,41877],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[23,41879,41881],{"className":25,"code":41880,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[30,41882,41883,41896,41900,41910,41924,41939,41943,41957],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,41884,41885,41887,41889,41891,41894],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,41886,2622],{"class":39},[33,41888,44],{"class":43},[33,41890,91],{"class":79},[33,41892,41893],{"class":83}," 3.5 ",[33,41895,3532],{"class":79},[33,41897,41898],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,41899,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41901,41902,41904,41906,41908],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,41903,157],{"class":156},[33,41905,133],{"class":47},[33,41907,2647],{"class":162},[33,41909,143],{"class":47},[33,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920,41922],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,41913,157],{"class":156},[33,41915,133],{"class":47},[33,41917,1406],{"class":129},[33,41919,133],{"class":47},[33,41921,2647],{"class":162},[33,41923,733],{"class":47},[33,41925,41926,41928,41930,41933,41935,41937],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,41927,157],{"class":156},[33,41929,133],{"class":47},[33,41931,41932],{"class":156},"repr",[33,41934,133],{"class":47},[33,41936,2647],{"class":162},[33,41938,733],{"class":47},[33,41940,41941],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,41942,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,41944,41945,41947,41949,41951,41953,41955],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,41946,41830],{"class":39},[33,41948,44],{"class":43},[33,41950,8589],{"class":39},[33,41952,310],{"class":47},[33,41954,8790],{"class":162},[33,41956,1671],{"class":47},[33,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967,41969],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,41960,157],{"class":156},[33,41962,133],{"class":47},[33,41964,2369],{"class":129},[33,41966,133],{"class":47},[33,41968,41857],{"class":162},[33,41970,733],{"class":47},[14,41972,41973],{},"Why this helps:",[316,41975,41976,41982,41987,41993],{},[319,41977,41978,41981],{},[30,41979,41980],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[319,41983,41984,21521],{},[30,41985,41986],{},"print(type(value))",[319,41988,41989,41992],{},[30,41990,41991],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[319,41994,41995,41997],{},[30,41996,41806],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[664,41999,42001],{"id":42000},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42003,42004],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[23,42006,42008],{"className":25,"code":42007,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[30,42009,42010,42029,42033,42039,42054,42073,42082],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42011,42012,42014,42016,42018,42020,42022,42025,42027],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42013,2622],{"class":39},[33,42015,44],{"class":43},[33,42017,8400],{"class":156},[33,42019,133],{"class":47},[33,42021,80],{"class":79},[33,42023,42024],{"class":83},"Enter a number: ",[33,42026,80],{"class":79},[33,42028,143],{"class":47},[33,42030,42031],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42032,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,42034,42035,42037],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,42036,29957],{"class":4046},[33,42038,6553],{"class":47},[33,42040,42041,42044,42046,42048,42050,42052],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,42042,42043],{"class":39},"    number ",[33,42045,44],{"class":43},[33,42047,40410],{"class":129},[33,42049,133],{"class":47},[33,42051,2647],{"class":162},[33,42053,143],{"class":47},[33,42055,42056,42058,42060,42062,42065,42067,42069,42071],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,42057,8227],{"class":156},[33,42059,133],{"class":47},[33,42061,80],{"class":79},[33,42063,42064],{"class":83},"Converted:",[33,42066,80],{"class":79},[33,42068,55],{"class":47},[33,42070,2374],{"class":162},[33,42072,143],{"class":47},[33,42074,42075,42077,42080],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,42076,29988],{"class":4046},[33,42078,42079],{"class":129}," ValueError",[33,42081,6553],{"class":47},[33,42083,42084,42086,42088,42090,42093,42095],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,42085,8227],{"class":156},[33,42087,133],{"class":47},[33,42089,80],{"class":79},[33,42091,42092],{"class":83},"That is not a valid number.",[33,42094,80],{"class":79},[33,42096,143],{"class":47},[14,42098,42099,42100,310],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[273,42101,41049],{"href":41048},[18,42103,42105],{"id":42104},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42107,10744,42108,2030,42110,42112],{},[30,42109,3060],{},[30,42111,3054],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42114,42115,42117],{},[30,42116,3060],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[23,42119,42121],{"className":25,"code":42120,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[30,42122,42123],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42124,42125,42127,42129,42131,42133,42135,42138,42140],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42126,157],{"class":156},[33,42128,133],{"class":47},[33,42130,2369],{"class":129},[33,42132,133],{"class":47},[33,42134,80],{"class":79},[33,42136,42137],{"class":83},"3.9",[33,42139,80],{"class":79},[33,42141,733],{"class":47},[14,42143,207],{},[23,42145,42147],{"className":25,"code":42146,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.9\n",[30,42148,42149],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42150,42151],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42152,42146],{"class":51},[14,42154,42155,42157],{},[30,42156,3054],{}," creates whole numbers:",[23,42159,42161],{"className":25,"code":42160,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[30,42162,42163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42164,42165,42167,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177,42179],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42166,157],{"class":156},[33,42168,133],{"class":47},[33,42170,2366],{"class":129},[33,42172,133],{"class":47},[33,42174,80],{"class":79},[33,42176,538],{"class":83},[33,42178,80],{"class":79},[33,42180,733],{"class":47},[14,42182,207],{},[23,42184,42185],{"className":25,"code":2551,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,42186,42187],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42188,42189],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42190,2551],{"class":51},[14,42192,42193,42194,42197],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[30,42195,42196],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[23,42199,42201],{"className":25,"code":42200,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[30,42202,42203],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42204,42205,42207,42209,42211,42213,42215,42217,42219],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42206,157],{"class":156},[33,42208,133],{"class":47},[33,42210,2366],{"class":129},[33,42212,133],{"class":47},[33,42214,80],{"class":79},[33,42216,42137],{"class":83},[33,42218,80],{"class":79},[33,42220,733],{"class":47},[14,42222,3178,42223,8757,42225,42228],{},[30,42224,40857],{},[30,42226,42227],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42230,10867],{},[316,42232,42233,42239],{},[319,42234,42235,42238],{},[30,42236,42237],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[319,42240,42241,42243],{},[30,42242,42196],{}," fails",[14,42245,42246,42247,42250,42251,42253],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[273,42248,42249],{"href":3051},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[273,42252,2595],{"href":2594}," helpful.",[18,42255,1961],{"id":1960},[664,42257,42259],{"id":42258},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42261,42262,42263,453,42265,310],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[30,42264,2666],{},[30,42266,40298],{},[664,42268,42270],{"id":42269},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42272,42273,42274,453,42277,310],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[30,42275,42276],{},"\"2.5\"",[30,42278,42279],{},"\"10\"",[664,42281,42283],{"id":42282},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42285,29214,42286,42288,42289,310],{},[30,42287,41683],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[30,42290,40857],{},[664,42292,42294],{"id":42293},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42296,5312,42297,310],{},[30,42298,3940],{},[664,42300,42302],{"id":42301},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42304,42305,42306,42308,42309,2030,42312,42308,42314,310],{},"Yes. ",[30,42307,3777],{}," becomes ",[30,42310,42311],{},"1.0",[30,42313,3844],{},[30,42315,3940],{},[18,42317,2045],{"id":2044},[316,42319,42320,42324,42330,42335,42339,42343],{},[319,42321,42322],{},[273,42323,42249],{"href":3051},[319,42325,42326],{},[273,42327,42329],{"href":42328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[319,42331,42332],{},[273,42333,42334],{"href":41044},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[319,42336,42337],{},[273,42338,9214],{"href":9136},[319,42340,42341],{},[273,42342,41049],{"href":41048},[319,42344,42345],{},[273,42346,42347],{"href":8377},"Python input() Function Explained",[2097,42349,42350],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":42352},[42353,42354,42355,42356,42363,42368,42369,42376,42381,42388,42389,42396],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":40345,"depth":69,"text":40346},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":40570,"depth":69,"text":40571,"children":42357},[42358,42359,42360,42361,42362],{"id":1162,"depth":110,"text":40579},{"id":40642,"depth":110,"text":40643},{"id":40706,"depth":110,"text":40707},{"id":1168,"depth":110,"text":40748},{"id":40802,"depth":110,"text":40803},{"id":40841,"depth":69,"text":40842,"children":42364},[42365,42366,42367],{"id":40850,"depth":110,"text":40851},{"id":40936,"depth":110,"text":40937},{"id":41006,"depth":110,"text":41007},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":41198,"depth":69,"text":41199,"children":42370},[42371,42373,42374,42375],{"id":41202,"depth":110,"text":42372},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41295,"depth":110,"text":41296},{"id":41381,"depth":110,"text":41382},{"id":41443,"depth":110,"text":41444},{"id":41503,"depth":69,"text":41504,"children":42377},[42378,42379,42380],{"id":41512,"depth":110,"text":41513},{"id":41551,"depth":110,"text":41552},{"id":41592,"depth":110,"text":41593},{"id":41657,"depth":69,"text":41658,"children":42382},[42383,42384,42385,42386,42387],{"id":41667,"depth":110,"text":40857},{"id":41732,"depth":110,"text":3181},{"id":41799,"depth":110,"text":41800},{"id":41873,"depth":110,"text":41874},{"id":42000,"depth":110,"text":42001},{"id":42104,"depth":69,"text":42105},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":42390},[42391,42392,42393,42394,42395],{"id":42258,"depth":110,"text":42259},{"id":42269,"depth":110,"text":42270},{"id":42282,"depth":110,"text":42283},{"id":42293,"depth":110,"text":42294},{"id":42301,"depth":110,"text":42302},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40246,"description":42397},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42404,"title":42405,"body":42406,"description":43626,"extension":2138,"meta":43627,"navigation":149,"path":35180,"seo":43628,"stem":43629,"__hash__":43630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42407,"toc":43592},[42408,42411,42416,42419,42421,42460,42474,42478,42483,42486,42503,42506,42516,42531,42534,42536,42539,42555,42558,42561,42581,42585,42596,42599,42603,42607,42621,42656,42660,42671,42706,42709,42711,42719,42752,42768,42770,42780,42801,42812,42814,42819,42822,42836,42838,42857,42860,42873,42876,42880,42884,42898,42901,42919,42922,42937,42941,42946,42960,42966,42968,43025,43027,43059,43062,43078,43082,43089,43093,43098,43101,43112,43116,43121,43136,43145,43150,43169,43172,43184,43186,43191,43201,43204,43233,43238,43247,43251,43256,43259,43263,43268,43270,43300,43303,43310,43315,43320,43324,43327,43335,43338,43416,43419,43441,43443,43447,43450,43454,43460,43523,43527,43535,43539,43542,43544,43569,43589],[10,42409,42405],{"id":42410},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42412,3755,42413,42415],{},[30,42414,35183],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42417,42418],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[18,42420,2180],{"id":2179},[23,42422,42424],{"className":25,"code":42423,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[30,42425,42426,42436,42446],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42427,42428,42430,42432,42434],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42429,32307],{"class":156},[33,42431,133],{"class":47},[33,42433,726],{"class":156},[33,42435,143],{"class":47},[33,42437,42438,42440,42442,42444],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42439,32307],{"class":156},[33,42441,133],{"class":47},[33,42443,3617],{"class":129},[33,42445,143],{"class":47},[33,42447,42448,42450,42452,42454,42456,42458],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,42449,32307],{"class":156},[33,42451,133],{"class":47},[33,42453,236],{"class":79},[33,42455,34814],{"class":83},[33,42457,236],{"class":79},[33,42459,143],{"class":47},[14,42461,672,42462,42464,42465,453,42467,42469,42470,42473],{},[30,42463,35183],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[30,42466,726],{},[30,42468,3617],{},", or use a string such as ",[30,42471,42472],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[18,42475,42477],{"id":42476},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42479,42480,42482],{},[30,42481,35183],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42484,42485],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[316,42487,42488,42491,42494,42497,42500],{},[319,42489,42490],{},"Functions",[319,42492,42493],{},"Classes",[319,42495,42496],{},"Methods",[319,42498,42499],{},"Modules",[319,42501,42502],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42504,42505],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42507,42508,42509,42515],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[273,42510,42512],{"href":42511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[30,42513,42514],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[23,42517,42519],{"className":25,"code":42518,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(len)\n",[30,42520,42521],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42522,42523,42525,42527,42529],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42524,32307],{"class":156},[33,42526,133],{"class":47},[33,42528,726],{"class":156},[33,42530,143],{"class":47},[14,42532,42533],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[18,42535,2334],{"id":2333},[14,42537,42538],{},"The main form is:",[23,42540,42542],{"className":25,"code":42541,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(object)\n",[30,42543,42544],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42545,42546,42548,42550,42553],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42547,32307],{"class":156},[33,42549,133],{"class":47},[33,42551,42552],{"class":129},"object",[33,42554,143],{"class":47},[14,42556,42557],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42559,42560],{},"Common examples include:",[316,42562,42563,42567,42572,42576],{},[319,42564,42565],{},[30,42566,726],{},[319,42568,42569],{},[30,42570,42571],{},"list.append",[319,42573,42574],{},[30,42575,3617],{},[319,42577,42578],{},[30,42579,42580],{},"open",[14,42582,7334,42583,7337],{},[30,42584,35183],{},[23,42586,42588],{"className":25,"code":42587,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help()\n",[30,42589,42590],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42591,42592,42594],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42593,32307],{"class":156},[33,42595,1671],{"class":47},[14,42597,42598],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[18,42600,42602],{"id":42601},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[664,42604,42606],{"id":42605},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42608,42609,42610,1931,42612,1931,42614,1938,42617,310],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[30,42611,726],{},[30,42613,157],{},[30,42615,42616],{},"input",[273,42618,42619],{"href":2475},[30,42620,2478],{},[23,42622,42624],{"className":25,"code":42623,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[30,42625,42626,42636,42646],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42627,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42629,32307],{"class":156},[33,42631,133],{"class":47},[33,42633,157],{"class":156},[33,42635,143],{"class":47},[33,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42639,32307],{"class":156},[33,42641,133],{"class":47},[33,42643,42616],{"class":156},[33,42645,143],{"class":47},[33,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,42649,32307],{"class":156},[33,42651,133],{"class":47},[33,42653,1406],{"class":129},[33,42655,143],{"class":47},[664,42657,42659],{"id":42658},"data-types","Data types",[14,42661,42662,42663,1931,42665,1931,42667,1938,42669,310],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[30,42664,3617],{},[30,42666,1879],{},[30,42668,8977],{},[30,42670,6446],{},[23,42672,42674],{"className":25,"code":42673,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[30,42675,42676,42686,42696],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42677,42678,42680,42682,42684],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42679,32307],{"class":156},[33,42681,133],{"class":47},[33,42683,3617],{"class":129},[33,42685,143],{"class":47},[33,42687,42688,42690,42692,42694],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42689,32307],{"class":156},[33,42691,133],{"class":47},[33,42693,1879],{"class":129},[33,42695,143],{"class":47},[33,42697,42698,42700,42702,42704],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,42699,32307],{"class":156},[33,42701,133],{"class":47},[33,42703,8977],{"class":129},[33,42705,143],{"class":47},[14,42707,42708],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[664,42710,42496],{"id":34661},[14,42712,42713,42714,2030,42717,310],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[30,42715,42716],{},"str.split",[30,42718,42571],{},[23,42720,42722],{"className":25,"code":42721,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[30,42723,42724,42738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42725,42726,42728,42730,42732,42734,42736],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42727,32307],{"class":156},[33,42729,133],{"class":47},[33,42731,3617],{"class":129},[33,42733,310],{"class":47},[33,42735,1668],{"class":24904},[33,42737,143],{"class":47},[33,42739,42740,42742,42744,42746,42748,42750],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42741,32307],{"class":156},[33,42743,133],{"class":47},[33,42745,1879],{"class":129},[33,42747,310],{"class":47},[33,42749,780],{"class":24904},[33,42751,143],{"class":47},[14,42753,42754,42755,8860,42757,28466,42762,42764,42765,42767],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[30,42756,35183],{},[273,42758,42760],{"href":42759},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[30,42761,34467],{},[30,42763,34467],{}," shows available names, while ",[30,42766,35183],{}," explains one of them.",[664,42769,42499],{"id":34814},[14,42771,42772,42773,1931,42775,1938,42777,310],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[30,42774,18570],{},[30,42776,35346],{},[30,42778,42779],{},"os",[23,42781,42783],{"className":25,"code":42782,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[30,42784,42785,42791],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42786,42787,42789],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42788,35247],{"class":4046},[33,42790,35250],{"class":39},[33,42792,42793,42795,42797,42799],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42794,32307],{"class":156},[33,42796,133],{"class":47},[33,42798,18570],{"class":162},[33,42800,143],{"class":47},[14,42802,42803,42804,42808,42809,310],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[273,42805,42807],{"href":42806},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[273,42810,35313],{"href":42811},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[18,42813,35074],{"id":35073},[14,42815,42816,42818],{},[30,42817,35183],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42820,42821],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[316,42823,42824,42827,42830,42833],{},[319,42825,42826],{},"The function signature",[319,42828,42829],{},"The short description",[319,42831,42832],{},"Parameter names",[319,42834,42835],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42837,5632],{},[23,42839,42841],{"className":25,"code":42840,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(str.split)\n",[30,42842,42843],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42844,42845,42847,42849,42851,42853,42855],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42846,32307],{"class":156},[33,42848,133],{"class":47},[33,42850,3617],{"class":129},[33,42852,310],{"class":47},[33,42854,1668],{"class":24904},[33,42856,143],{"class":47},[14,42858,42859],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[316,42861,42862,42865,42868,42870],{},[319,42863,42864],{},"What object this is",[319,42866,42867],{},"What arguments it accepts",[319,42869,22124],{},[319,42871,42872],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42874,42875],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[18,42877,42879],{"id":42878},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42881,42882,30027],{},[30,42883,35183],{},[316,42885,42886,42889,42892,42895],{},[319,42887,42888],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[319,42890,42891],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[319,42893,42894],{},"You are exploring a new module",[319,42896,42897],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42899,42900],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[23,42902,42903],{"className":25,"code":42840,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,42904,42905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42906,42907,42909,42911,42913,42915,42917],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42908,32307],{"class":156},[33,42910,133],{"class":47},[33,42912,3617],{"class":129},[33,42914,310],{"class":47},[33,42916,1668],{"class":24904},[33,42918,143],{"class":47},[14,42920,42921],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[23,42923,42925],{"className":25,"code":42924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(open)\n",[30,42926,42927],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42928,42929,42931,42933,42935],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42930,32307],{"class":156},[33,42932,133],{"class":47},[33,42934,42580],{"class":156},[33,42936,143],{"class":47},[18,42938,42940],{"id":42939},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42942,42943,42945],{},[30,42944,35183],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[316,42947,42948,42951,42954,42957],{},[319,42949,42950],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[319,42952,42953],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[319,42955,42956],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[319,42958,42959],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42961,42962,42963,42965],{},"So, ",[30,42964,35183],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42967,5632],{},[23,42969,42971],{"className":25,"code":42970,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[30,42972,42973,42986,43010,43014],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,42974,42975,42977,42979,42981,42984],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,42976,34843],{"class":39},[33,42978,44],{"class":43},[33,42980,91],{"class":79},[33,42982,42983],{"class":83},"a,b,c",[33,42985,3532],{"class":79},[33,42987,42988,42991,42993,42996,42998,43000,43002,43004,43006,43008],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,42989,42990],{"class":39},"parts ",[33,42992,44],{"class":43},[33,42994,42995],{"class":39}," text",[33,42997,310],{"class":47},[33,42999,1668],{"class":162},[33,43001,133],{"class":47},[33,43003,80],{"class":79},[33,43005,55],{"class":83},[33,43007,80],{"class":79},[33,43009,143],{"class":47},[33,43011,43012],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43013,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,43015,43016,43018,43020,43023],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43017,157],{"class":156},[33,43019,133],{"class":47},[33,43021,43022],{"class":162},"parts",[33,43024,143],{"class":47},[14,43026,5718],{},[23,43028,43029],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,43030,43031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43032,43033,43035,43037,43039,43041,43043,43045,43047,43049,43051,43053,43055,43057],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43034,217],{"class":47},[33,43036,236],{"class":79},[33,43038,273],{"class":83},[33,43040,236],{"class":79},[33,43042,55],{"class":47},[33,43044,245],{"class":79},[33,43046,282],{"class":83},[33,43048,236],{"class":79},[33,43050,55],{"class":47},[33,43052,245],{"class":79},[33,43054,291],{"class":83},[33,43056,236],{"class":79},[33,43058,66],{"class":47},[14,43060,43061],{},"A good workflow is:",[28866,43063,43064,43069,43072,43075],{},[319,43065,672,43066,43068],{},[30,43067,35183],{}," to inspect something",[319,43070,43071],{},"Write a tiny example",[319,43073,43074],{},"Check the result",[319,43076,43077],{},"Repeat",[18,43079,43081],{"id":43080},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43083,43084,2030,43086,43088],{},[30,43085,35183],{},[30,43087,34467],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[664,43090,43091],{"id":32307},[30,43092,35183],{},[14,43094,672,43095,43097],{},[30,43096,35183],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43099,43100],{},"It tells you:",[316,43102,43103,43106,43109],{},[319,43104,43105],{},"What something is",[319,43107,43108],{},"How to use it",[319,43110,43111],{},"What parameters it accepts",[664,43113,43114],{"id":34528},[30,43115,34467],{},[14,43117,672,43118,43120],{},[30,43119,34467],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[23,43122,43124],{"className":25,"code":43123,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dir(str)\n",[30,43125,43126],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43127,43128,43130,43132,43134],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43129,34528],{"class":156},[33,43131,133],{"class":47},[33,43133,3617],{"class":129},[33,43135,143],{"class":47},[14,43137,43138,43139,1931,43141,1938,43143,310],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[30,43140,1668],{},[30,43142,8790],{},[30,43144,8796],{},[14,43146,43147,43148,3061],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[30,43149,35183],{},[23,43151,43153],{"className":25,"code":43152,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(str.lower)\n",[30,43154,43155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43156,43157,43159,43161,43163,43165,43167],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43158,32307],{"class":156},[33,43160,133],{"class":47},[33,43162,3617],{"class":129},[33,43164,310],{"class":47},[33,43166,8796],{"class":24904},[33,43168,143],{"class":47},[14,43170,43171],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[316,43173,43174,43179],{},[319,43175,672,43176,43178],{},[30,43177,34467],{}," to discover options",[319,43180,672,43181,43183],{},[30,43182,35183],{}," to understand one option",[18,43185,3006],{"id":3005},[14,43187,43188,43189,310],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[30,43190,35183],{},[664,43192,1357,43194,43197,43198],{"id":43193},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[30,43195,43196],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[30,43199,43200],{},"help(len)",[14,43202,43203],{},"These are not always the same.",[23,43205,43207],{"className":25,"code":43206,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[30,43208,43209,43219],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43210,43211,43213,43215,43217],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43212,32307],{"class":156},[33,43214,133],{"class":47},[33,43216,726],{"class":156},[33,43218,143],{"class":47},[33,43220,43221,43223,43225,43227,43229,43231],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43222,32307],{"class":156},[33,43224,133],{"class":47},[33,43226,236],{"class":79},[33,43228,726],{"class":83},[33,43230,236],{"class":79},[33,43232,143],{"class":47},[14,43234,43235,43237],{},[30,43236,43200],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43239,43240,43242,43243,43246],{},[30,43241,43196],{}," treats ",[30,43244,43245],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[664,43248,43250],{"id":43249},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43252,43253,43255],{},[30,43254,35183],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43257,43258],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[664,43260,43262],{"id":43261},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43264,40498,43265,43267],{},[30,43266,35183],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43269,367],{},[23,43271,43273],{"className":25,"code":43272,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[30,43274,43275,43285],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43276,43277,43279,43281,43283],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43278,32307],{"class":156},[33,43280,133],{"class":47},[33,43282,726],{"class":156},[33,43284,143],{"class":47},[33,43286,43287,43289,43291,43293,43296,43298],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43288,157],{"class":156},[33,43290,133],{"class":47},[33,43292,80],{"class":79},[33,43294,43295],{"class":83},"Done",[33,43297,80],{"class":79},[33,43299,143],{"class":47},[14,43301,43302],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[664,43304,37358,43306,8860,43308],{"id":43305},"confusing-help-with-dir",[30,43307,35183],{},[30,43309,34467],{},[14,43311,43312,43313,310],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[30,43314,34467],{},[14,43316,43317,43318,310],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[30,43319,35183],{},[18,43321,43323],{"id":43322},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43325,43326],{},"Open Python:",[23,43328,43329],{"className":25,"code":35699,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,43330,43331],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43332,43333],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43334,35699],{"class":39},[14,43336,43337],{},"Then test these commands:",[23,43339,43341],{"className":25,"code":43340,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[30,43342,43343,43353,43367,43381,43391,43406],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43344,43345,43347,43349,43351],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43346,32307],{"class":156},[33,43348,133],{"class":47},[33,43350,726],{"class":156},[33,43352,143],{"class":47},[33,43354,43355,43357,43359,43361,43363,43365],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43356,32307],{"class":156},[33,43358,133],{"class":47},[33,43360,3617],{"class":129},[33,43362,310],{"class":47},[33,43364,1668],{"class":24904},[33,43366,143],{"class":47},[33,43368,43369,43371,43373,43375,43377,43379],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43370,32307],{"class":156},[33,43372,133],{"class":47},[33,43374,1879],{"class":129},[33,43376,310],{"class":47},[33,43378,780],{"class":24904},[33,43380,143],{"class":47},[33,43382,43383,43385,43387,43389],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43384,32307],{"class":156},[33,43386,133],{"class":47},[33,43388,42580],{"class":156},[33,43390,143],{"class":47},[33,43392,43393,43395,43397,43399,43402,43404],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,43394,32307],{"class":156},[33,43396,133],{"class":47},[33,43398,236],{"class":79},[33,43400,43401],{"class":83},"keywords",[33,43403,236],{"class":79},[33,43405,143],{"class":47},[33,43407,43408,43410,43412,43414],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,43409,34528],{"class":156},[33,43411,133],{"class":47},[33,43413,3617],{"class":129},[33,43415,143],{"class":47},[14,43417,43418],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[316,43420,43421,43424,43427,43430,43433,43436],{},[319,43422,43423],{},"A built-in function",[319,43425,43426],{},"A string method",[319,43428,43429],{},"A list method",[319,43431,43432],{},"A built-in file function",[319,43434,43435],{},"A special help topic",[319,43437,15341,43438,43440],{},[30,43439,34467],{}," example for comparison",[18,43442,1961],{"id":1960},[664,43444,43446],{"id":43445},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43448,43449],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[664,43451,43453],{"id":43452},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43455,43456,43457,43459],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[30,43458,35183],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[23,43461,43463],{"className":25,"code":43462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[30,43464,43465,43477,43490,43509,43513],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43466,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43468,35007],{"class":1430},[33,43470,35011],{"class":35010},[33,43472,133],{"class":47},[33,43474,7827],{"class":37817},[33,43476,8498],{"class":47},[33,43478,43479,43483,43487],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43480,43482],{"class":43481},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[33,43484,43486],{"class":43485},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[33,43488,43489],{"class":43481},"\"\"\"\n",[33,43491,43492,43494,43497,43500,43502,43504,43506],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43493,35018],{"class":4046},[33,43495,43496],{"class":1430}," f",[33,43498,43499],{"class":83},"\"Hello, ",[33,43501,9432],{"class":51},[33,43503,7827],{"class":39},[33,43505,22457],{"class":51},[33,43507,43508],{"class":83},"!\"\n",[33,43510,43511],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43512,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,43514,43515,43517,43519,43521],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,43516,32307],{"class":156},[33,43518,133],{"class":47},[33,43520,35053],{"class":162},[33,43522,143],{"class":47},[664,43524,43526],{"id":43525},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43528,43529,43531,43532,43534],{},[30,43530,43200],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[30,43533,43196],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[664,43536,43538],{"id":43537},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43540,43541],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[18,43543,2045],{"id":2044},[316,43545,43546,43551,43555,43560,43565],{},[319,43547,43548],{},[273,43549,43550],{"href":42759},"Python dir() function explained",[319,43552,43553],{},[273,43554,8598],{"href":2475},[319,43556,43557],{},[273,43558,43559],{"href":42511},"Python len() function explained",[319,43561,43562],{},[273,43563,43564],{"href":42806},"How import works in Python",[319,43566,43567],{},[273,43568,35313],{"href":42811},[14,43570,43571,43572,43574,43575,1931,43577,1938,43579,43581,43582,453,43585,43588],{},"Try ",[30,43573,35183],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[30,43576,726],{},[30,43578,157],{},[30,43580,42616],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[30,43583,43584],{},"dir(str)",[30,43586,43587],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2097,43590,43591],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":43593},[43594,43595,43596,43597,43603,43604,43605,43606,43610,43618,43619,43625],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":42476,"depth":69,"text":42477},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":42601,"depth":69,"text":42602,"children":43598},[43599,43600,43601,43602],{"id":42605,"depth":110,"text":42606},{"id":42658,"depth":110,"text":42659},{"id":34661,"depth":110,"text":42496},{"id":34814,"depth":110,"text":42499},{"id":35073,"depth":69,"text":35074},{"id":42878,"depth":69,"text":42879},{"id":42939,"depth":69,"text":42940},{"id":43080,"depth":69,"text":43081,"children":43607},[43608,43609],{"id":32307,"depth":110,"text":35183},{"id":34528,"depth":110,"text":34467},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":43611},[43612,43614,43615,43616],{"id":43193,"depth":110,"text":43613},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43249,"depth":110,"text":43250},{"id":43261,"depth":110,"text":43262},{"id":43305,"depth":110,"text":43617},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43322,"depth":69,"text":43323},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":43620},[43621,43622,43623,43624],{"id":43445,"depth":110,"text":43446},{"id":43452,"depth":110,"text":43453},{"id":43525,"depth":110,"text":43526},{"id":43537,"depth":110,"text":43538},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42405,"description":43626},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43632,"title":43633,"body":43634,"description":44996,"extension":2138,"meta":44997,"navigation":149,"path":44998,"seo":44999,"stem":45000,"__hash__":45001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43635,"toc":44969},[43636,43642,43647,43653,43663,43722,43732,43743,43748,43754,43756,43774,43782,43784,43786,43801,43804,43815,43817,43908,43911,43915,43920,43941,43943,44054,44056,44083,44094,44098,44101,44184,44186,44194,44200,44206,44210,44213,44323,44325,44338,44341,44355,44363,44370,44375,44389,44395,44508,44510,44571,44574,44580,44586,44589,44611,44614,44684,44687,44719,44726,44728,44731,44749,44752,44764,44770,44772,44777,44803,44806,44878,44880,44886,44889,44895,44898,44904,44914,44920,44923,44930,44933,44935,44966],[10,43637,2076,43639,2079],{"id":43638},"python-id-function-explained",[30,43640,43641],{},"id()",[14,43643,32472,43644,43646],{},[30,43645,43641],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43648,43649,43650,43652],{},"Beginners usually see ",[30,43651,43641],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43654,672,43655,43657,43658,43660,43661,310],{},[30,43656,43641],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[205,43659,4796],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[30,43662,4854],{},[23,43664,43666],{"className":25,"code":43665,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[30,43667,43668,43680,43694,43698,43708],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43669,43670,43672,43674,43676,43678],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43671,8034],{"class":39},[33,43673,44],{"class":43},[33,43675,91],{"class":79},[33,43677,7456],{"class":83},[33,43679,3532],{"class":79},[33,43681,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43683,157],{"class":156},[33,43685,133],{"class":47},[33,43687,12802],{"class":156},[33,43689,133],{"class":47},[33,43691,7827],{"class":162},[33,43693,733],{"class":47},[33,43695,43696],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43697,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,43699,43700,43703,43705],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43701,43702],{"class":39},"other ",[33,43704,44],{"class":43},[33,43706,43707],{"class":39}," name\n",[33,43709,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43720],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,43711,157],{"class":156},[33,43713,133],{"class":47},[33,43715,12802],{"class":156},[33,43717,133],{"class":47},[33,43719,30897],{"class":162},[33,43721,733],{"class":47},[14,43723,43724,43725,43728,43729,43731],{},"In this example, ",[30,43726,43727],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[30,43730,43641],{}," values match.",[43733,43734,43735],"blockquote",{},[14,43736,672,43737,43739,43740,43742],{},[30,43738,43641],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[30,43741,4854],{}," for value comparison.",[18,43744,3848,43746,3851],{"id":43745},"what-id-does",[30,43747,43641],{},[14,43749,43750,43753],{},[30,43751,43752],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43755,13205],{},[316,43757,43758,43761,43768,43771],{},[319,43759,43760],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[319,43762,43763,43764,43767],{},"It shows ",[205,43765,43766],{},"object identity",", not object value",[319,43769,43770],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[319,43772,43773],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43775,43776,43777,43781],{},"This is closely related to how ",[273,43778,43780],{"href":43779},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[18,43783,2334],{"id":2333},[14,43785,5595],{},[23,43787,43789],{"className":25,"code":43788,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"id(object)\n",[30,43790,43791],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43792,43793,43795,43797,43799],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43794,12802],{"class":156},[33,43796,133],{"class":47},[33,43798,42552],{"class":129},[33,43800,143],{"class":47},[14,43802,43803],{},"Important details:",[316,43805,43806,43809,43812],{},[319,43807,43808],{},"It takes one argument",[319,43810,43811],{},"It returns an integer",[319,43813,43814],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43816,367],{},[23,43818,43820],{"className":25,"code":43819,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[30,43821,43822,43834,43842,43862,43866,43880,43894],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43823,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43825,34843],{"class":39},[33,43827,44],{"class":43},[33,43829,91],{"class":79},[33,43831,545],{"class":83},[33,43833,3532],{"class":79},[33,43835,43836,43838,43840],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43837,2394],{"class":39},[33,43839,44],{"class":43},[33,43841,2944],{"class":51},[33,43843,43844,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858,43860],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43845,377],{"class":39},[33,43847,44],{"class":43},[33,43849,48],{"class":47},[33,43851,52],{"class":51},[33,43853,55],{"class":47},[33,43855,58],{"class":51},[33,43857,55],{"class":47},[33,43859,63],{"class":51},[33,43861,66],{"class":47},[33,43863,43864],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43865,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,43867,43868,43870,43872,43874,43876,43878],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,43869,157],{"class":156},[33,43871,133],{"class":47},[33,43873,12802],{"class":156},[33,43875,133],{"class":47},[33,43877,34864],{"class":162},[33,43879,733],{"class":47},[33,43881,43882,43884,43886,43888,43890,43892],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,43883,157],{"class":156},[33,43885,133],{"class":47},[33,43887,12802],{"class":156},[33,43889,133],{"class":47},[33,43891,2416],{"class":162},[33,43893,733],{"class":47},[33,43895,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,43897,157],{"class":156},[33,43899,133],{"class":47},[33,43901,12802],{"class":156},[33,43903,133],{"class":47},[33,43905,414],{"class":162},[33,43907,733],{"class":47},[14,43909,43910],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[18,43912,43914],{"id":43913},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43916,43917,43918,310],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[30,43919,43641],{},[316,43921,43922,43929,43936],{},[319,43923,43924,43926,43927],{},[30,43925,4854],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[205,43928,2647],{},[319,43930,43931,43933,43934],{},[30,43932,12346],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[205,43935,42552],{},[319,43937,43938,43940],{},[30,43939,43641],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43942,367],{},[23,43944,43946],{"className":25,"code":43945,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[30,43947,43948,43968,43988,43992,44009,44026,44040],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,43949,43950,43952,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964,43966],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,43951,2729],{"class":39},[33,43953,44],{"class":43},[33,43955,48],{"class":47},[33,43957,52],{"class":51},[33,43959,55],{"class":47},[33,43961,58],{"class":51},[33,43963,55],{"class":47},[33,43965,63],{"class":51},[33,43967,66],{"class":47},[33,43969,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,43971,2757],{"class":39},[33,43973,44],{"class":43},[33,43975,48],{"class":47},[33,43977,52],{"class":51},[33,43979,55],{"class":47},[33,43981,58],{"class":51},[33,43983,55],{"class":47},[33,43985,63],{"class":51},[33,43987,66],{"class":47},[33,43989,43990],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,43991,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,43993,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,43995,157],{"class":156},[33,43997,133],{"class":47},[33,43999,2729],{"class":162},[33,44001,4854],{"class":43},[33,44003,2734],{"class":162},[33,44005,3831],{"class":47},[33,44007,44008],{"class":1308},"   # True\n",[33,44010,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44012,157],{"class":156},[33,44014,133],{"class":47},[33,44016,2729],{"class":162},[33,44018,12346],{"class":4046},[33,44020,2734],{"class":162},[33,44022,3831],{"class":47},[33,44024,44025],{"class":1308},"   # False\n",[33,44027,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,44029,157],{"class":156},[33,44031,133],{"class":47},[33,44033,12802],{"class":156},[33,44035,133],{"class":47},[33,44037,273],{"class":162},[33,44039,733],{"class":47},[33,44041,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,44043,157],{"class":156},[33,44045,133],{"class":47},[33,44047,12802],{"class":156},[33,44049,133],{"class":47},[33,44051,282],{"class":162},[33,44053,733],{"class":47},[14,44055,2356],{},[316,44057,44058,44066,44074],{},[319,44059,44060,4949,44063,44065],{},[30,44061,44062],{},"a == b",[30,44064,3777],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[319,44067,44068,4949,44071,44073],{},[30,44069,44070],{},"a is b",[30,44072,3844],{}," because they are different list objects",[319,44075,44076,2030,44079,44082],{},[30,44077,44078],{},"id(a)",[30,44080,44081],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44084,44085,44086,2030,44090,310],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[273,44087,44089],{"href":44088},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[273,44091,44093],{"href":44092},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[18,44095,44097],{"id":44096},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44099,44100],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[23,44102,44104],{"className":25,"code":44103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[30,44105,44106,44126,44136,44140,44154,44169],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44107,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44109,40],{"class":39},[33,44111,44],{"class":43},[33,44113,48],{"class":47},[33,44115,538],{"class":51},[33,44117,55],{"class":47},[33,44119,7949],{"class":51},[33,44121,55],{"class":47},[33,44123,7954],{"class":51},[33,44125,66],{"class":47},[33,44127,44128,44131,44133],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44129,44130],{"class":39},"other_numbers ",[33,44132,44],{"class":43},[33,44134,44135],{"class":39}," numbers\n",[33,44137,44138],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,44139,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44152],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,44143,157],{"class":156},[33,44145,133],{"class":47},[33,44147,12802],{"class":156},[33,44149,133],{"class":47},[33,44151,163],{"class":162},[33,44153,733],{"class":47},[33,44155,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44167],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44157,157],{"class":156},[33,44159,133],{"class":47},[33,44161,12802],{"class":156},[33,44163,133],{"class":47},[33,44165,44166],{"class":162},"other_numbers",[33,44168,733],{"class":47},[33,44170,44171,44173,44175,44177,44179,44182],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,44172,157],{"class":156},[33,44174,133],{"class":47},[33,44176,40],{"class":162},[33,44178,12346],{"class":4046},[33,44180,44181],{"class":162}," other_numbers",[33,44183,143],{"class":47},[14,44185,5718],{},[23,44187,44188],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,44189,44190],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44191,44192],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44193,4148],{"class":398},[14,44195,44196,44197,44199],{},"The two ",[30,44198,43641],{}," values will also match.",[14,44201,22343,44202,44205],{},[30,44203,44204],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[18,44207,44209],{"id":44208},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44211,44212],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[23,44214,44216],{"className":25,"code":44215,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[30,44217,44218,44239,44260,44264,44279,44293,44308],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44219,44220,44223,44225,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235,44237],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44221,44222],{"class":39},"list_a ",[33,44224,44],{"class":43},[33,44226,48],{"class":47},[33,44228,52],{"class":51},[33,44230,55],{"class":47},[33,44232,58],{"class":51},[33,44234,55],{"class":47},[33,44236,63],{"class":51},[33,44238,66],{"class":47},[33,44240,44241,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252,44254,44256,44258],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44242,44243],{"class":39},"list_b ",[33,44245,44],{"class":43},[33,44247,48],{"class":47},[33,44249,52],{"class":51},[33,44251,55],{"class":47},[33,44253,58],{"class":51},[33,44255,55],{"class":47},[33,44257,63],{"class":51},[33,44259,66],{"class":47},[33,44261,44262],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,44263,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,44265,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44277],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,44267,157],{"class":156},[33,44269,133],{"class":47},[33,44271,44222],{"class":162},[33,44273,4854],{"class":43},[33,44275,44276],{"class":162}," list_b",[33,44278,143],{"class":47},[33,44280,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289,44291],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44282,157],{"class":156},[33,44284,133],{"class":47},[33,44286,44222],{"class":162},[33,44288,12346],{"class":4046},[33,44290,44276],{"class":162},[33,44292,143],{"class":47},[33,44294,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44306],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,44296,157],{"class":156},[33,44298,133],{"class":47},[33,44300,12802],{"class":156},[33,44302,133],{"class":47},[33,44304,44305],{"class":162},"list_a",[33,44307,733],{"class":47},[33,44309,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44321],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,44311,157],{"class":156},[33,44313,133],{"class":47},[33,44315,12802],{"class":156},[33,44317,133],{"class":47},[33,44319,44320],{"class":162},"list_b",[33,44322,733],{"class":47},[14,44324,5718],{},[23,44326,44328],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nFalse\n",[30,44329,44330,44334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44331,44332],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44333,4148],{"class":398},[33,44335,44336],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44337,4209],{"class":398},[14,44339,44340],{},"What this means:",[316,44342,44343,44346,44349],{},[319,44344,44345],{},"The lists are equal in value",[319,44347,44348],{},"They are not the same object",[319,44350,44351,44352,44354],{},"Their ",[30,44353,43641],{}," values are usually different",[14,44356,44357,44358,44360,44361,310],{},"This is why ",[30,44359,43641],{}," should not replace ",[30,44362,4854],{},[18,44364,44366,44367,44369],{"id":44365},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[30,44368,43641],{}," is useful",[14,44371,44372,44374],{},[30,44373,43641],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[316,44376,44377,44380,44383,44386],{},[319,44378,44379],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[319,44381,44382],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[319,44384,44385],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[319,44387,44388],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44390,44391,44392,44394],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[30,44393,43641],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[23,44396,44398],{"className":25,"code":44397,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[30,44399,44400,44424,44433,44437,44456,44460,44470,44480,44494],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44401,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416,44418,44420,44422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44403,12238],{"class":39},[33,44405,44],{"class":43},[33,44407,48],{"class":47},[33,44409,80],{"class":79},[33,44411,273],{"class":83},[33,44413,80],{"class":79},[33,44415,55],{"class":47},[33,44417,91],{"class":79},[33,44419,282],{"class":83},[33,44421,80],{"class":79},[33,44423,66],{"class":47},[33,44425,44426,44429,44431],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44427,44428],{"class":39},"copy_ref ",[33,44430,44],{"class":43},[33,44432,12276],{"class":39},[33,44434,44435],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,44436,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,44438,44439,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44454],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,44440,44441],{"class":39},"copy_ref",[33,44443,310],{"class":47},[33,44445,780],{"class":162},[33,44447,133],{"class":47},[33,44449,80],{"class":79},[33,44451,291],{"class":83},[33,44453,80],{"class":79},[33,44455,143],{"class":47},[33,44457,44458],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44459,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,44461,44462,44464,44466,44468],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,44463,157],{"class":156},[33,44465,133],{"class":47},[33,44467,12285],{"class":162},[33,44469,143],{"class":47},[33,44471,44472,44474,44476,44478],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,44473,157],{"class":156},[33,44475,133],{"class":47},[33,44477,44441],{"class":162},[33,44479,143],{"class":47},[33,44481,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,44483,157],{"class":156},[33,44485,133],{"class":47},[33,44487,12802],{"class":156},[33,44489,133],{"class":47},[33,44491,12285],{"class":162},[33,44493,733],{"class":47},[33,44495,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,44497,157],{"class":156},[33,44499,133],{"class":47},[33,44501,12802],{"class":156},[33,44503,133],{"class":47},[33,44505,44441],{"class":162},[33,44507,733],{"class":47},[14,44509,5718],{},[23,44511,44513],{"className":25,"code":44512,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[30,44514,44515,44543],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44516,44517,44519,44521,44523,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44518,217],{"class":47},[33,44520,236],{"class":79},[33,44522,273],{"class":83},[33,44524,236],{"class":79},[33,44526,55],{"class":47},[33,44528,245],{"class":79},[33,44530,282],{"class":83},[33,44532,236],{"class":79},[33,44534,55],{"class":47},[33,44536,245],{"class":79},[33,44538,291],{"class":83},[33,44540,236],{"class":79},[33,44542,66],{"class":47},[33,44544,44545,44547,44549,44551,44553,44555,44557,44559,44561,44563,44565,44567,44569],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44546,217],{"class":47},[33,44548,236],{"class":79},[33,44550,273],{"class":83},[33,44552,236],{"class":79},[33,44554,55],{"class":47},[33,44556,245],{"class":79},[33,44558,282],{"class":83},[33,44560,236],{"class":79},[33,44562,55],{"class":47},[33,44564,245],{"class":79},[33,44566,291],{"class":83},[33,44568,236],{"class":79},[33,44570,66],{"class":47},[14,44572,44573],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[18,44575,44577,44578],{"id":44576},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[30,44579,43641],{},[14,44581,44582,44583,44585],{},"Do not use ",[30,44584,43641],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44587,44588],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[316,44590,44591,44597,44603,44606],{},[319,44592,44593,44594,44596],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[30,44595,4854],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[319,44598,44599,44600,44602],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[30,44601,43641],{}," values across program runs",[319,44604,44605],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[319,44607,44608,44609],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[30,44610,43641],{},[14,44612,44613],{},"Bad example:",[23,44615,44617],{"className":25,"code":44616,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[30,44618,44619,44631,44643,44647,44669],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44620,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44622,2729],{"class":39},[33,44624,44],{"class":43},[33,44626,91],{"class":79},[33,44628,37201],{"class":83},[33,44630,3532],{"class":79},[33,44632,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44634,2757],{"class":39},[33,44636,44],{"class":43},[33,44638,91],{"class":79},[33,44640,37201],{"class":83},[33,44642,3532],{"class":79},[33,44644,44645],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,44646,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,44648,44649,44651,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663,44665,44667],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,44650,7156],{"class":4046},[33,44652,14970],{"class":156},[33,44654,133],{"class":47},[33,44656,273],{"class":162},[33,44658,3831],{"class":47},[33,44660,6568],{"class":43},[33,44662,14970],{"class":156},[33,44664,133],{"class":47},[33,44666,282],{"class":162},[33,44668,8498],{"class":47},[33,44670,44671,44673,44675,44677,44680,44682],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44672,8227],{"class":156},[33,44674,133],{"class":47},[33,44676,80],{"class":79},[33,44678,44679],{"class":83},"The values are equal",[33,44681,80],{"class":79},[33,44683,143],{"class":47},[14,44685,44686],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[23,44688,44690],{"className":25,"code":44689,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[30,44691,44692,44705],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44693,44694,44696,44699,44701,44703],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44695,7156],{"class":4046},[33,44697,44698],{"class":39}," a ",[33,44700,4854],{"class":43},[33,44702,2734],{"class":39},[33,44704,6553],{"class":47},[33,44706,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44708,8227],{"class":156},[33,44710,133],{"class":47},[33,44712,80],{"class":79},[33,44714,44679],{"class":83},[33,44716,80],{"class":79},[33,44718,143],{"class":47},[14,44720,672,44721,453,44723,44725],{},[30,44722,12346],{},[30,44724,43641],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[18,44727,20954],{"id":20953},[14,44729,44730],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[316,44732,44733,44736,44739,44744],{},[319,44734,44735],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[319,44737,44738],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[319,44740,44741,44742],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[30,44743,43641],{},[319,44745,44746,44747],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[30,44748,43641],{},[14,44750,44751],{},"The important rule is:",[316,44753,44754,44759],{},[319,44755,672,44756,44758],{},[30,44757,4854],{}," to check value",[319,44760,672,44761,44763],{},[30,44762,12346],{}," to check identity",[14,44765,44766,44767,44769],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[30,44768,43641],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[18,44771,3006],{"id":3005},[14,44773,44774,44775,3061],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[30,44776,43641],{},[316,44778,44779,44787,44790,44793,44798],{},[319,44780,1357,44781,44783,44784,44786],{},[30,44782,43641],{}," when ",[30,44785,4854],{}," should be used",[319,44788,44789],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[319,44791,44792],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[319,44794,44795,44796],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[30,44797,43641],{},[319,44799,1357,44800,44802],{},[30,44801,43641],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44804,44805],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[23,44807,44809],{"className":25,"code":44808,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[30,44810,44811,44826,44840,44854,44868],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,44812,44813,44815,44817,44819,44821,44824],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,44814,157],{"class":156},[33,44816,133],{"class":47},[33,44818,12802],{"class":156},[33,44820,133],{"class":47},[33,44822,44823],{"class":162},"my_object",[33,44825,733],{"class":47},[33,44827,44828,44830,44832,44834,44836,44838],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,44829,157],{"class":156},[33,44831,133],{"class":47},[33,44833,2729],{"class":162},[33,44835,4854],{"class":43},[33,44837,2734],{"class":162},[33,44839,143],{"class":47},[33,44841,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850,44852],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,44843,157],{"class":156},[33,44845,133],{"class":47},[33,44847,2729],{"class":162},[33,44849,12346],{"class":4046},[33,44851,2734],{"class":162},[33,44853,143],{"class":47},[33,44855,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,44857,157],{"class":156},[33,44859,133],{"class":47},[33,44861,1406],{"class":129},[33,44863,133],{"class":47},[33,44865,44823],{"class":162},[33,44867,733],{"class":47},[33,44869,44870,44872,44874,44876],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,44871,32307],{"class":156},[33,44873,133],{"class":47},[33,44875,12802],{"class":156},[33,44877,143],{"class":47},[18,44879,1961],{"id":1960},[664,44881,44883,44884,12869],{"id":44882},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[30,44885,43641],{},[14,44887,44888],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[664,44890,15057,44892,44894],{"id":44891},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[30,44893,43641],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44896,44897],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[664,44899,21574,44901,44903],{"id":44900},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[30,44902,43641],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44905,30424,44906,44908,44909,453,44911,44913],{},[30,44907,4854],{}," to compare values. Use ",[30,44910,43641],{},[30,44912,12346],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[664,44915,44917,44918,2033],{"id":44916},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[30,44919,43641],{},[14,44921,44922],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[664,44924,44926,44927,44929],{"id":44925},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[30,44928,43641],{}," values?",[14,44931,44932],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[18,44934,2045],{"id":2044},[316,44936,44937,44942,44947,44952,44960],{},[319,44938,44939],{},[273,44940,44941],{"href":43779},"Python variables explained for beginners",[319,44943,44944],{},[273,44945,44946],{"href":44088},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[319,44948,44949],{},[273,44950,44951],{"href":44092},"Python data types overview",[319,44953,44954],{},[273,44955,2076,44957,3683],{"href":44956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[30,44958,44959],{},"isinstance()",[319,44961,44962],{},[273,44963,44965],{"href":44964},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2097,44967,44968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":44970},[44971,44973,44974,44975,44976,44977,44979,44981,44982,44983,44995],{"id":43745,"depth":69,"text":44972},"What id() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":43913,"depth":69,"text":43914},{"id":44096,"depth":69,"text":44097},{"id":44208,"depth":69,"text":44209},{"id":44365,"depth":69,"text":44978},"When id() is useful",{"id":44576,"depth":69,"text":44980},"When not to use id()",{"id":20953,"depth":69,"text":20954},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":44984},[44985,44987,44989,44991,44993],{"id":44882,"depth":110,"text":44986},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44891,"depth":110,"text":44988},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44900,"depth":110,"text":44990},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44916,"depth":110,"text":44992},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44925,"depth":110,"text":44994},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43633,"description":44996},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45003,"title":42347,"body":45004,"description":46644,"extension":2138,"meta":46645,"navigation":149,"path":46646,"seo":46647,"stem":46648,"__hash__":46649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45005,"toc":46610},[45006,45011,45016,45019,45021,45064,45069,45072,45077,45082,45085,45101,45103,45147,45149,45176,45178,45193,45195,45197,45199,45215,45217,45229,45232,45266,45269,45294,45299,45301,45306,45310,45313,45315,45363,45365,45398,45404,45415,45417,45469,45471,45502,45504,45508,45512,45555,45561,45567,45619,45627,45632,45636,45727,45729,45762,45765,45767,45827,45829,45855,45865,45867,45871,45876,45881,45883,45920,45922,45941,45944,45948,45951,46007,46019,46028,46030,46057,46065,46072,46076,46079,46116,46119,46125,46162,46164,46168,46174,46192,46197,46245,46249,46338,46341,46348,46350,46352,46357,46375,46377,46420,46426,46443,46445,46507,46509,46511,46517,46525,46531,46537,46546,46556,46560,46568,46570,46572,46607],[10,45007,2076,45009,2079],{"id":45008},"python-input-function-explained",[30,45010,3134],{},[14,45012,2155,45013,45015],{},[30,45014,3134],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45017,45018],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[18,45020,2180],{"id":2179},[23,45022,45024],{"className":25,"code":45023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[30,45025,45026,45045],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45027,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038,45041,45043],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45029,8034],{"class":39},[33,45031,44],{"class":43},[33,45033,8400],{"class":156},[33,45035,133],{"class":47},[33,45037,80],{"class":79},[33,45039,45040],{"class":83},"Enter your name: ",[33,45042,80],{"class":79},[33,45044,143],{"class":47},[33,45046,45047,45049,45051,45053,45056,45058,45060,45062],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45048,157],{"class":156},[33,45050,133],{"class":47},[33,45052,80],{"class":79},[33,45054,45055],{"class":83},"Hello, ",[33,45057,80],{"class":79},[33,45059,2629],{"class":43},[33,45061,36147],{"class":162},[33,45063,143],{"class":47},[14,45065,672,45066,45068],{},[30,45067,3134],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45070,45071],"hr",{},[18,45073,3848,45075,3851],{"id":45074},"what-input-does",[30,45076,3134],{},[14,45078,45079,45081],{},[30,45080,3134],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45083,45084],{},"Here is what happens:",[316,45086,45087,45092,45095,45098],{},[319,45088,45089,45091],{},[30,45090,3134],{}," waits for the user to type",[319,45093,45094],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[319,45096,45097],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[319,45099,45100],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45102,367],{},[23,45104,45106],{"className":25,"code":45105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[30,45107,45108,45128],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45109,45110,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121,45124,45126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45111,45112],{"class":39},"color ",[33,45114,44],{"class":43},[33,45116,8400],{"class":156},[33,45118,133],{"class":47},[33,45120,80],{"class":79},[33,45122,45123],{"class":83},"What is your favorite color? ",[33,45125,80],{"class":79},[33,45127,143],{"class":47},[33,45129,45130,45132,45134,45136,45139,45141,45143,45145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45131,157],{"class":156},[33,45133,133],{"class":47},[33,45135,80],{"class":79},[33,45137,45138],{"class":83},"Your favorite color is",[33,45140,80],{"class":79},[33,45142,55],{"class":47},[33,45144,36008],{"class":162},[33,45146,143],{"class":47},[14,45148,30183],{},[23,45150,45152],{"className":25,"code":45151,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[30,45153,45154,45167],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45155,45156,45158,45160,45163,45165],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45157,3848],{"class":39},[33,45159,12346],{"class":43},[33,45161,45162],{"class":39}," your favorite color",[33,45164,2033],{"class":37521},[33,45166,36038],{"class":39},[33,45168,45169,45172,45174],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45170,45171],{"class":39},"Your favorite color ",[33,45173,12346],{"class":43},[33,45175,36038],{"class":39},[14,45177,20110],{},[316,45179,45180,45185,45190],{},[319,45181,45182,45183],{},"The prompt is ",[30,45184,45123],{},[319,45186,45187,45188],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[30,45189,33046],{},[319,45191,45192],{},"That value is then printed",[45070,45194],{},[18,45196,2334],{"id":2333},[14,45198,7377],{},[23,45200,45202],{"className":25,"code":45201,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"input(prompt)\n",[30,45203,45204],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45205,45206,45208,45210,45213],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45207,42616],{"class":156},[33,45209,133],{"class":47},[33,45211,45212],{"class":162},"prompt",[33,45214,143],{"class":47},[14,45216,11610],{},[316,45218,45219,45223,45226],{},[319,45220,2155,45221,20192],{},[30,45222,45212],{},[319,45224,45225],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[319,45227,45228],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45230,45231],{},"Example with a prompt:",[23,45233,45235],{"className":25,"code":45234,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[30,45236,45237,45256],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45238,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45249,45252,45254],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45240,8119],{"class":39},[33,45242,44],{"class":43},[33,45244,8400],{"class":156},[33,45246,133],{"class":47},[33,45248,80],{"class":79},[33,45250,45251],{"class":83},"Enter your username: ",[33,45253,80],{"class":79},[33,45255,143],{"class":47},[33,45257,45258,45260,45262,45264],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45259,157],{"class":156},[33,45261,133],{"class":47},[33,45263,8143],{"class":162},[33,45265,143],{"class":47},[14,45267,45268],{},"Example without a prompt:",[23,45270,45272],{"className":25,"code":45271,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[30,45273,45274,45284],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45275,45276,45278,45280,45282],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45277,2622],{"class":39},[33,45279,44],{"class":43},[33,45281,8400],{"class":156},[33,45283,1671],{"class":47},[33,45285,45286,45288,45290,45292],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45287,157],{"class":156},[33,45289,133],{"class":47},[33,45291,2647],{"class":162},[33,45293,143],{"class":47},[14,45295,7922,45296,45298],{},[30,45297,3134],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45070,45300],{},[18,45302,3848,45304,11858],{"id":45303},"what-input-returns",[30,45305,3134],{},[14,45307,45308,8383],{},[30,45309,3134],{},[14,45311,45312],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45314,367],{},[23,45316,45318],{"className":25,"code":45317,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[30,45319,45320,45339,45349],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45321,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45335,45337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45323,21782],{"class":39},[33,45325,44],{"class":43},[33,45327,8400],{"class":156},[33,45329,133],{"class":47},[33,45331,80],{"class":79},[33,45333,45334],{"class":83},"Enter your age: ",[33,45336,80],{"class":79},[33,45338,143],{"class":47},[33,45340,45341,45343,45345,45347],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45342,157],{"class":156},[33,45344,133],{"class":47},[33,45346,9453],{"class":162},[33,45348,143],{"class":47},[33,45350,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45352,157],{"class":156},[33,45354,133],{"class":47},[33,45356,1406],{"class":129},[33,45358,133],{"class":47},[33,45360,9453],{"class":162},[33,45362,733],{"class":47},[14,45364,30183],{},[23,45366,45368],{"className":25,"code":45367,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,45369,45370,45380,45384],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45371,45372,45375,45377],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45373,45374],{"class":39},"Enter your age",[33,45376,3061],{"class":47},[33,45378,45379],{"class":51}," 25\n",[33,45381,45382],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45383,2884],{"class":51},[33,45385,45386,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45387,1427],{"class":43},[33,45389,1431],{"class":1430},[33,45391,245],{"class":79},[33,45393,3617],{"class":83},[33,45395,236],{"class":79},[33,45397,1441],{"class":43},[14,45399,45400,45401,45403],{},"Even though the user typed ",[30,45402,9349],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45405,45406,45407,453,45411,310],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[273,45408,45409],{"href":3051},[30,45410,3054],{},[273,45412,45413],{"href":3057},[30,45414,3060],{},[14,45416,367],{},[23,45418,45420],{"className":25,"code":45419,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[30,45421,45422,45445,45455],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45423,45424,45426,45428,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45441,45443],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45425,21782],{"class":39},[33,45427,44],{"class":43},[33,45429,45430],{"class":129}," int",[33,45432,133],{"class":47},[33,45434,42616],{"class":156},[33,45436,133],{"class":47},[33,45438,80],{"class":79},[33,45440,45334],{"class":83},[33,45442,80],{"class":79},[33,45444,733],{"class":47},[33,45446,45447,45449,45451,45453],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45448,157],{"class":156},[33,45450,133],{"class":47},[33,45452,9453],{"class":162},[33,45454,143],{"class":47},[33,45456,45457,45459,45461,45463,45465,45467],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45458,157],{"class":156},[33,45460,133],{"class":47},[33,45462,1406],{"class":129},[33,45464,133],{"class":47},[33,45466,9453],{"class":162},[33,45468,733],{"class":47},[14,45470,30183],{},[23,45472,45474],{"className":25,"code":45473,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,45475,45476,45484,45488],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45477,45478,45480,45482],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45479,45374],{"class":39},[33,45481,3061],{"class":47},[33,45483,45379],{"class":51},[33,45485,45486],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45487,2884],{"class":51},[33,45489,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45491,1427],{"class":43},[33,45493,1431],{"class":1430},[33,45495,245],{"class":79},[33,45497,2366],{"class":83},[33,45499,236],{"class":79},[33,45501,1441],{"class":43},[45070,45503],{},[18,45505,45507],{"id":45506},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[664,45509,45511],{"id":45510},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[23,45513,45515],{"className":25,"code":45514,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[30,45516,45517,45536],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45518,45519,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45532,45534],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45520,8034],{"class":39},[33,45522,44],{"class":43},[33,45524,8400],{"class":156},[33,45526,133],{"class":47},[33,45528,80],{"class":79},[33,45530,45531],{"class":83},"What is your name? ",[33,45533,80],{"class":79},[33,45535,143],{"class":47},[33,45537,45538,45540,45542,45544,45547,45549,45551,45553],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45539,157],{"class":156},[33,45541,133],{"class":47},[33,45543,80],{"class":79},[33,45545,45546],{"class":83},"Hello,",[33,45548,80],{"class":79},[33,45550,55],{"class":47},[33,45552,36147],{"class":162},[33,45554,143],{"class":47},[14,45556,45557,45558,45560],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[30,45559,7827],{}," and prints it.",[664,45562,45564,45565],{"id":45563},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[30,45566,3054],{},[23,45568,45570],{"className":25,"code":45569,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[30,45571,45572,45595],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45573,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584,45586,45588,45591,45593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45575,21782],{"class":39},[33,45577,44],{"class":43},[33,45579,45430],{"class":129},[33,45581,133],{"class":47},[33,45583,42616],{"class":156},[33,45585,133],{"class":47},[33,45587,80],{"class":79},[33,45589,45590],{"class":83},"How old are you? ",[33,45592,80],{"class":79},[33,45594,733],{"class":47},[33,45596,45597,45599,45601,45603,45606,45608,45610,45613,45615,45617],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45598,157],{"class":156},[33,45600,133],{"class":47},[33,45602,80],{"class":79},[33,45604,45605],{"class":83},"Next year you will be",[33,45607,80],{"class":79},[33,45609,55],{"class":47},[33,45611,45612],{"class":162}," age ",[33,45614,2237],{"class":43},[33,45616,1119],{"class":51},[33,45618,143],{"class":47},[14,45620,6219,45621,45623,45624,45626],{},[30,45622,3054],{}," converts the text from ",[30,45625,3134],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45628,45629,45630,310],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[273,45631,9137],{"href":9136},[664,45633,45635],{"id":45634},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[23,45637,45639],{"className":25,"code":45638,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[30,45640,45641,45665,45689,45703,45707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45642,45643,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45661,45663],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45644,45645],{"class":39},"num1 ",[33,45647,44],{"class":43},[33,45649,45430],{"class":129},[33,45651,133],{"class":47},[33,45653,42616],{"class":156},[33,45655,133],{"class":47},[33,45657,80],{"class":79},[33,45659,45660],{"class":83},"Enter the first number: ",[33,45662,80],{"class":79},[33,45664,733],{"class":47},[33,45666,45667,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682,45685,45687],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45668,45669],{"class":39},"num2 ",[33,45671,44],{"class":43},[33,45673,45430],{"class":129},[33,45675,133],{"class":47},[33,45677,42616],{"class":156},[33,45679,133],{"class":47},[33,45681,80],{"class":79},[33,45683,45684],{"class":83},"Enter the second number: ",[33,45686,80],{"class":79},[33,45688,733],{"class":47},[33,45690,45691,45693,45695,45698,45700],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45692,41336],{"class":39},[33,45694,44],{"class":43},[33,45696,45697],{"class":39}," num1 ",[33,45699,2237],{"class":43},[33,45701,45702],{"class":39}," num2\n",[33,45704,45705],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,45706,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,45708,45709,45711,45713,45715,45718,45720,45722,45725],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,45710,157],{"class":156},[33,45712,133],{"class":47},[33,45714,80],{"class":79},[33,45716,45717],{"class":83},"Total:",[33,45719,80],{"class":79},[33,45721,55],{"class":47},[33,45723,45724],{"class":162}," total",[33,45726,143],{"class":47},[14,45728,30183],{},[23,45730,45732],{"className":25,"code":45731,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[30,45733,45734,45744,45753],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45735,45736,45739,45741],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45737,45738],{"class":39},"Enter the first number",[33,45740,3061],{"class":47},[33,45742,45743],{"class":51}," 2\n",[33,45745,45746,45749,45751],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45747,45748],{"class":39},"Enter the second number",[33,45750,3061],{"class":47},[33,45752,2752],{"class":51},[33,45754,45755,45758,45760],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45756,45757],{"class":39},"Total",[33,45759,3061],{"class":47},[33,45761,34998],{"class":51},[14,45763,45764],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45766,367],{},[23,45768,45770],{"className":25,"code":45769,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[30,45771,45772,45790,45808,45812],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45773,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45775,45645],{"class":39},[33,45777,44],{"class":43},[33,45779,8400],{"class":156},[33,45781,133],{"class":47},[33,45783,80],{"class":79},[33,45785,45660],{"class":83},[33,45787,80],{"class":79},[33,45789,143],{"class":47},[33,45791,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802,45804,45806],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45793,45669],{"class":39},[33,45795,44],{"class":43},[33,45797,8400],{"class":156},[33,45799,133],{"class":47},[33,45801,80],{"class":79},[33,45803,45684],{"class":83},[33,45805,80],{"class":79},[33,45807,143],{"class":47},[33,45809,45810],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45811,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,45813,45814,45816,45818,45820,45822,45825],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,45815,157],{"class":156},[33,45817,133],{"class":47},[33,45819,45645],{"class":162},[33,45821,2237],{"class":43},[33,45823,45824],{"class":162}," num2",[33,45826,143],{"class":47},[14,45828,30183],{},[23,45830,45832],{"className":25,"code":45831,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[30,45833,45834,45842,45850],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45835,45836,45838,45840],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45837,45738],{"class":39},[33,45839,3061],{"class":47},[33,45841,45743],{"class":51},[33,45843,45844,45846,45848],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45845,45748],{"class":39},[33,45847,3061],{"class":47},[33,45849,2752],{"class":51},[33,45851,45852],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45853,45854],{"class":51},"23\n",[14,45856,45857,45858,45861,45862,310],{},"That happens because ",[30,45859,45860],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[30,45863,45864],{},"\"23\"",[45070,45866],{},[18,45868,45870],{"id":45869},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45872,45873,45874,310],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[30,45875,3134],{},[664,45877,4870,45879,41696],{"id":45878},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[30,45880,3134],{},[14,45882,39353],{},[23,45884,45886],{"className":25,"code":45885,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,45887,45888,45906],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45889,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45891,2622],{"class":39},[33,45893,44],{"class":43},[33,45895,8400],{"class":156},[33,45897,133],{"class":47},[33,45899,80],{"class":79},[33,45901,42024],{"class":83},[33,45903,80],{"class":79},[33,45905,143],{"class":47},[33,45907,45908,45910,45912,45914,45916,45918],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45909,157],{"class":156},[33,45911,133],{"class":47},[33,45913,1406],{"class":129},[33,45915,133],{"class":47},[33,45917,2647],{"class":162},[33,45919,733],{"class":47},[14,45921,207],{},[23,45923,45925],{"className":25,"code":45924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,45926,45927],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45930,1427],{"class":43},[33,45932,1431],{"class":1430},[33,45934,245],{"class":79},[33,45936,3617],{"class":83},[33,45938,236],{"class":79},[33,45940,1441],{"class":43},[14,45942,45943],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[664,45945,45947],{"id":45946},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45949,45950],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[23,45952,45954],{"className":25,"code":45953,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[30,45955,45956,45974,45993],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,45957,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,45959,2729],{"class":39},[33,45961,44],{"class":43},[33,45963,8400],{"class":156},[33,45965,133],{"class":47},[33,45967,80],{"class":79},[33,45969,42024],{"class":83},[33,45971,80],{"class":79},[33,45973,143],{"class":47},[33,45975,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986,45989,45991],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,45977,2757],{"class":39},[33,45979,44],{"class":43},[33,45981,8400],{"class":156},[33,45983,133],{"class":47},[33,45985,80],{"class":79},[33,45987,45988],{"class":83},"Enter another number: ",[33,45990,80],{"class":79},[33,45992,143],{"class":47},[33,45994,45995,45997,45999,46001,46003,46005],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,45996,157],{"class":156},[33,45998,133],{"class":47},[33,46000,2729],{"class":162},[33,46002,2237],{"class":43},[33,46004,2734],{"class":162},[33,46006,143],{"class":47},[14,46008,41274,46009,2030,46011,46013,46014,19116,46017,310],{},[30,46010,2679],{},[30,46012,1085],{},", the result is ",[30,46015,46016],{},"45",[30,46018,2320],{},[664,46020,46022,46023,46025,46026],{"id":46021},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[30,46024,40857],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[30,46027,3054],{},[14,46029,367],{},[23,46031,46033],{"className":25,"code":46032,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[30,46034,46035],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46036,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46038,21782],{"class":39},[33,46040,44],{"class":43},[33,46042,45430],{"class":129},[33,46044,133],{"class":47},[33,46046,42616],{"class":156},[33,46048,133],{"class":47},[33,46050,80],{"class":79},[33,46052,45334],{"class":83},[33,46054,80],{"class":79},[33,46056,733],{"class":47},[14,46058,8429,46059,46062,46063,310],{},[30,46060,46061],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[30,46064,40857],{},[14,46066,46067,46068,310],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[273,46069,46071],{"href":46070},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[664,46073,46075],{"id":46074},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46077,46078],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[23,46080,46082],{"className":25,"code":46081,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[30,46083,46084,46102],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46085,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094,46096,46098,46100],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46087,8034],{"class":39},[33,46089,44],{"class":43},[33,46091,8400],{"class":156},[33,46093,133],{"class":47},[33,46095,80],{"class":79},[33,46097,45040],{"class":83},[33,46099,80],{"class":79},[33,46101,143],{"class":47},[33,46103,46104,46106,46108,46110,46112,46114],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46105,157],{"class":156},[33,46107,133],{"class":47},[33,46109,41932],{"class":156},[33,46111,133],{"class":47},[33,46113,7827],{"class":162},[33,46115,733],{"class":47},[14,46117,46118],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46120,46121,46122,3061],{},"You can remove them with ",[30,46123,46124],{},".strip()",[23,46126,46128],{"className":25,"code":46127,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[30,46129,46130,46152],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46131,46132,46134,46136,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148,46150],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46133,8034],{"class":39},[33,46135,44],{"class":43},[33,46137,8400],{"class":156},[33,46139,133],{"class":47},[33,46141,80],{"class":79},[33,46143,45040],{"class":83},[33,46145,80],{"class":79},[33,46147,8787],{"class":47},[33,46149,8790],{"class":162},[33,46151,1671],{"class":47},[33,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46155,157],{"class":156},[33,46157,133],{"class":47},[33,46159,7827],{"class":162},[33,46161,143],{"class":47},[45070,46163],{},[18,46165,46167],{"id":46166},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46169,46170,46171,46173],{},"These habits make ",[30,46172,3134],{}," easier and safer to use.",[316,46175,46176,46179,46184,46187],{},[319,46177,46178],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[319,46180,672,46181,46183],{},[30,46182,46124],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[319,46185,46186],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[319,46188,672,46189,46191],{},[30,46190,29935],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46193,46194,46195,3061],{},"Example with ",[30,46196,46124],{},[23,46198,46200],{"className":25,"code":46199,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[30,46201,46202,46226],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46203,46204,46207,46209,46211,46213,46215,46218,46220,46222,46224],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46205,46206],{"class":39},"city ",[33,46208,44],{"class":43},[33,46210,8400],{"class":156},[33,46212,133],{"class":47},[33,46214,80],{"class":79},[33,46216,46217],{"class":83},"Enter your city: ",[33,46219,80],{"class":79},[33,46221,8787],{"class":47},[33,46223,8790],{"class":162},[33,46225,1671],{"class":47},[33,46227,46228,46230,46232,46234,46237,46239,46241,46243],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46229,157],{"class":156},[33,46231,133],{"class":47},[33,46233,80],{"class":79},[33,46235,46236],{"class":83},"City:",[33,46238,80],{"class":79},[33,46240,55],{"class":47},[33,46242,31539],{"class":162},[33,46244,143],{"class":47},[14,46246,46194,46247,3061],{},[30,46248,29935],{},[23,46250,46252],{"className":25,"code":46251,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[30,46253,46254,46260,46283,46315,46323],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46255,46256,46258],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46257,29957],{"class":4046},[33,46259,6553],{"class":47},[33,46261,46262,46265,46267,46269,46271,46273,46275,46277,46279,46281],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46263,46264],{"class":39},"    age ",[33,46266,44],{"class":43},[33,46268,45430],{"class":129},[33,46270,133],{"class":47},[33,46272,42616],{"class":156},[33,46274,133],{"class":47},[33,46276,80],{"class":79},[33,46278,45334],{"class":83},[33,46280,80],{"class":79},[33,46282,733],{"class":47},[33,46284,46285,46287,46289,46291,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302,46304,46306,46308,46311,46313],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46286,8227],{"class":156},[33,46288,133],{"class":47},[33,46290,80],{"class":79},[33,46292,46293],{"class":83},"You will be",[33,46295,80],{"class":79},[33,46297,55],{"class":47},[33,46299,45612],{"class":162},[33,46301,2237],{"class":43},[33,46303,1119],{"class":51},[33,46305,55],{"class":47},[33,46307,91],{"class":79},[33,46309,46310],{"class":83},"next year",[33,46312,80],{"class":79},[33,46314,143],{"class":47},[33,46316,46317,46319,46321],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,46318,29988],{"class":4046},[33,46320,42079],{"class":129},[33,46322,6553],{"class":47},[33,46324,46325,46327,46329,46331,46334,46336],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,46326,8227],{"class":156},[33,46328,133],{"class":47},[33,46330,80],{"class":79},[33,46332,46333],{"class":83},"Please enter a whole number.",[33,46335,80],{"class":79},[33,46337,143],{"class":47},[14,46339,46340],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46342,46343,46344,310],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[273,46345,46347],{"href":46346},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45070,46349],{},[18,46351,3006],{"id":3005},[14,46353,46354,46355,3061],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[30,46356,3134],{},[316,46358,46359,46366,46369,46372],{},[319,46360,46361,46362,453,46364],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[30,46363,3054],{},[30,46365,3060],{},[319,46367,46368],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[319,46370,46371],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[319,46373,46374],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46376,32237],{},[23,46378,46380],{"className":25,"code":46379,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[30,46381,46382,46392,46406],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46383,46384,46386,46388,46390],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46385,157],{"class":156},[33,46387,133],{"class":47},[33,46389,2647],{"class":162},[33,46391,143],{"class":47},[33,46393,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402,46404],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46395,157],{"class":156},[33,46397,133],{"class":47},[33,46399,1406],{"class":129},[33,46401,133],{"class":47},[33,46403,2647],{"class":162},[33,46405,733],{"class":47},[33,46407,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46409,157],{"class":156},[33,46411,133],{"class":47},[33,46413,41932],{"class":156},[33,46415,133],{"class":47},[33,46417,2647],{"class":162},[33,46419,733],{"class":47},[14,46421,46422,46423,46425],{},"These help you inspect what ",[30,46424,3134],{}," actually returned:",[316,46427,46428,46433,46438],{},[319,46429,46430,46432],{},[30,46431,41980],{}," shows the value",[319,46434,46435,46437],{},[30,46436,41986],{}," shows the data type",[319,46439,46440,46442],{},[30,46441,41991],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46444,367],{},[23,46446,46448],{"className":25,"code":46447,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[30,46449,46450,46469,46479,46493],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46451,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46465,46467],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46453,2622],{"class":39},[33,46455,44],{"class":43},[33,46457,8400],{"class":156},[33,46459,133],{"class":47},[33,46461,80],{"class":79},[33,46463,46464],{"class":83},"Enter something: ",[33,46466,80],{"class":79},[33,46468,143],{"class":47},[33,46470,46471,46473,46475,46477],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46472,157],{"class":156},[33,46474,133],{"class":47},[33,46476,2647],{"class":162},[33,46478,143],{"class":47},[33,46480,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46482,157],{"class":156},[33,46484,133],{"class":47},[33,46486,1406],{"class":129},[33,46488,133],{"class":47},[33,46490,2647],{"class":162},[33,46492,733],{"class":47},[33,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,46496,157],{"class":156},[33,46498,133],{"class":47},[33,46500,41932],{"class":156},[33,46502,133],{"class":47},[33,46504,2647],{"class":162},[33,46506,733],{"class":47},[45070,46508],{},[18,46510,1961],{"id":1960},[664,46512,12857,46514,46516],{"id":46513},"does-input-return-an-integer",[30,46515,3134],{}," return an integer?",[14,46518,46519,46520,46522,46523,40084],{},"No. ",[30,46521,3134],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[30,46524,3054],{},[664,46526,46528,46529,2033],{"id":46527},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[30,46530,3134],{},[14,46532,46533,46534,46536],{},"No. You can call ",[30,46535,3134],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[664,46538,5322,46540,46543,46544,2033],{"id":46539},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[30,46541,46542],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[30,46545,3134],{},[14,46547,29214,46548,46550,46551,42308,46553,46555],{},[30,46549,3134],{}," returns strings. ",[30,46552,45860],{},[30,46554,45864],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[664,46557,46559],{"id":46558},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46561,672,46562,46564,46565,310],{},[30,46563,46124],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[30,46566,46567],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45070,46569],{},[18,46571,2045],{"id":2044},[316,46573,46574,46579,46583,46589,46595,46599],{},[319,46575,46576],{},[273,46577,46578],{"href":46346},"How to get user input in Python",[319,46580,46581],{},[273,46582,9214],{"href":9136},[319,46584,46585],{},[273,46586,2076,46587,3683],{"href":3051},[30,46588,3054],{},[319,46590,46591],{},[273,46592,2076,46593,3683],{"href":3057},[30,46594,3060],{},[319,46596,46597],{},[273,46598,46071],{"href":46070},[319,46600,46601],{},[273,46602,2076,46604,3683],{"href":46603},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[30,46605,46606],{},"print()",[2097,46608,46609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":46611},[46612,46613,46615,46616,46618,46624,46632,46633,46634,46643],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":45074,"depth":69,"text":46614},"What input() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":45303,"depth":69,"text":46617},"What input() returns",{"id":45506,"depth":69,"text":45507,"children":46619},[46620,46621,46623],{"id":45510,"depth":110,"text":45511},{"id":45563,"depth":110,"text":46622},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45634,"depth":110,"text":45635},{"id":45869,"depth":69,"text":45870,"children":46625},[46626,46628,46629,46631],{"id":45878,"depth":110,"text":46627},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45946,"depth":110,"text":45947},{"id":46021,"depth":110,"text":46630},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46074,"depth":110,"text":46075},{"id":46166,"depth":69,"text":46167},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":46635},[46636,46638,46640,46642],{"id":46513,"depth":110,"text":46637},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46527,"depth":110,"text":46639},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46539,"depth":110,"text":46641},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46558,"depth":110,"text":46559},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42347,"description":46644},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46651,"title":42249,"body":46652,"description":48964,"extension":2138,"meta":48965,"navigation":149,"path":48966,"seo":48967,"stem":48968,"__hash__":48969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46653,"toc":48916},[46654,46659,46664,46669,46690,46693,46695,46755,46757,46776,46781,46786,46791,46793,46806,46808,46891,46893,46934,46940,46942,46972,46978,46981,46998,47000,47052,47054,47072,47078,47084,47087,47105,47107,47180,47182,47201,47208,47214,47219,47222,47282,47284,47303,47306,47309,47324,47330,47334,47395,47397,47417,47421,47550,47552,47682,47692,47698,47704,47712,47778,47780,47805,47808,47825,47838,47844,47847,47880,47882,47895,47898,47941,47943,47951,47958,47962,47969,47973,48000,48002,48010,48016,48033,48038,48042,48069,48071,48079,48083,48088,48091,48117,48120,48129,48137,48141,48151,48155,48158,48160,48211,48213,48243,48253,48280,48282,48290,48300,48304,48307,48309,48357,48359,48403,48409,48460,48462,48481,48486,48491,48494,48513,48516,48568,48570,48579,48581,48585,48589,48592,48601,48608,48610,48637,48641,48643,48652,48655,48662,48668,48728,48732,48734,48742,48745,48771,48777,48780,48800,48802,48811,48819,48821,48827,48832,48839,48849,48855,48863,48867,48870,48872,48913],[10,46655,2076,46657,2079],{"id":46656},"python-int-function-explained",[30,46658,3054],{},[14,46660,32472,46661,46663],{},[30,46662,3054],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46665,35562,46666,46668],{},[30,46667,3054],{}," when they want to:",[316,46670,46671,46681,46684,46687],{},[319,46672,46673,46674,46677,46678],{},"turn text like ",[30,46675,46676],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[30,46679,46680],{},"42",[319,46682,46683],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[319,46685,46686],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[319,46688,46689],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46691,46692],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[18,46694,2180],{"id":2179},[23,46696,46698],{"className":25,"code":46697,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[30,46699,46700,46718,46732],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46701,46702,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714,46716],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46703,157],{"class":156},[33,46705,133],{"class":47},[33,46707,2366],{"class":129},[33,46709,133],{"class":47},[33,46711,80],{"class":79},[33,46713,46680],{"class":83},[33,46715,80],{"class":79},[33,46717,733],{"class":47},[33,46719,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46721,157],{"class":156},[33,46723,133],{"class":47},[33,46725,2366],{"class":129},[33,46727,133],{"class":47},[33,46729,42137],{"class":51},[33,46731,733],{"class":47},[33,46733,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46747,46749,46751,46753],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46735,157],{"class":156},[33,46737,133],{"class":47},[33,46739,2366],{"class":129},[33,46741,133],{"class":47},[33,46743,80],{"class":79},[33,46745,46746],{"class":83},"101",[33,46748,80],{"class":79},[33,46750,55],{"class":47},[33,46752,58],{"class":51},[33,46754,733],{"class":47},[14,46756,207],{},[23,46758,46760],{"className":25,"code":46759,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"42\n3\n5\n",[30,46761,46762,46767,46772],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46763,46764],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46765,46766],{"class":51},"42\n",[33,46768,46769],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46770,46771],{"class":51},"3\n",[33,46773,46774],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46775,3123],{"class":51},[14,46777,672,46778,46780],{},[30,46779,3054],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[18,46782,3848,46784,3851],{"id":46783},"what-int-does",[30,46785,3054],{},[14,46787,46788,46790],{},[30,46789,3054],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46792,13205],{},[316,46794,46795,46800,46803],{},[319,46796,46797,46798,7499],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[30,46799,2366],{},[319,46801,46802],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[319,46804,46805],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46807,367],{},[23,46809,46811],{"className":25,"code":46810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,46812,46813,46825,46839,46843,46853,46863,46877],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46814,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46816,34843],{"class":39},[33,46818,44],{"class":43},[33,46820,91],{"class":79},[33,46822,9349],{"class":83},[33,46824,3532],{"class":79},[33,46826,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46828,2394],{"class":39},[33,46830,44],{"class":43},[33,46832,45430],{"class":129},[33,46834,133],{"class":47},[33,46836,34864],{"class":162},[33,46838,143],{"class":47},[33,46840,46841],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46842,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,46844,46845,46847,46849,46851],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,46846,157],{"class":156},[33,46848,133],{"class":47},[33,46850,34864],{"class":162},[33,46852,143],{"class":47},[33,46854,46855,46857,46859,46861],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,46856,157],{"class":156},[33,46858,133],{"class":47},[33,46860,2416],{"class":162},[33,46862,143],{"class":47},[33,46864,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,46866,157],{"class":156},[33,46868,133],{"class":47},[33,46870,1406],{"class":129},[33,46872,133],{"class":47},[33,46874,34864],{"class":162},[33,46876,733],{"class":47},[33,46878,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,46880,157],{"class":156},[33,46882,133],{"class":47},[33,46884,1406],{"class":129},[33,46886,133],{"class":47},[33,46888,2416],{"class":162},[33,46890,733],{"class":47},[14,46892,207],{},[23,46894,46896],{"className":25,"code":46895,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,46897,46898,46902,46906,46920],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46899,46900],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46901,2884],{"class":51},[33,46903,46904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46905,2884],{"class":51},[33,46907,46908,46910,46912,46914,46916,46918],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,46909,1427],{"class":43},[33,46911,1431],{"class":1430},[33,46913,245],{"class":79},[33,46915,3617],{"class":83},[33,46917,236],{"class":79},[33,46919,1441],{"class":43},[33,46921,46922,46924,46926,46928,46930,46932],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,46923,1427],{"class":43},[33,46925,1431],{"class":1430},[33,46927,245],{"class":79},[33,46929,2366],{"class":83},[33,46931,236],{"class":79},[33,46933,1441],{"class":43},[14,46935,46936,46937,46939],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[30,46938,3054],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[18,46941,2334],{"id":2333},[23,46943,46945],{"className":25,"code":46944,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[30,46946,46947,46957],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,46948,46949,46951,46953,46955],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,46950,2366],{"class":129},[33,46952,133],{"class":47},[33,46954,2351],{"class":162},[33,46956,143],{"class":47},[33,46958,46959,46961,46963,46965,46967,46970],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,46960,2366],{"class":129},[33,46962,133],{"class":47},[33,46964,2351],{"class":162},[33,46966,55],{"class":47},[33,46968,46969],{"class":162}," base",[33,46971,143],{"class":47},[664,46973,46975],{"id":46974},"intx",[30,46976,46977],{},"int(x)",[14,46979,46980],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[316,46982,46983,46988,46993],{},[319,46984,46985,46986],{},"a string such as ",[30,46987,42279],{},[319,46989,46990,46991],{},"a float such as ",[30,46992,42137],{},[319,46994,46995,46996],{},"a boolean such as ",[30,46997,3777],{},[14,46999,367],{},[23,47001,47003],{"className":25,"code":47002,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[30,47004,47005,47023,47038],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47006,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015,47017,47019,47021],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47008,157],{"class":156},[33,47010,133],{"class":47},[33,47012,2366],{"class":129},[33,47014,133],{"class":47},[33,47016,80],{"class":79},[33,47018,538],{"class":83},[33,47020,80],{"class":79},[33,47022,733],{"class":47},[33,47024,47025,47027,47029,47031,47033,47036],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47026,157],{"class":156},[33,47028,133],{"class":47},[33,47030,2366],{"class":129},[33,47032,133],{"class":47},[33,47034,47035],{"class":51},"8.7",[33,47037,733],{"class":47},[33,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47041,157],{"class":156},[33,47043,133],{"class":47},[33,47045,2366],{"class":129},[33,47047,133],{"class":47},[33,47049,3777],{"class":398},[33,47051,733],{"class":47},[14,47053,207],{},[23,47055,47057],{"className":25,"code":47056,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10\n8\n1\n",[30,47058,47059,47063,47067],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47060,47061],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47062,2551],{"class":51},[33,47064,47065],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47066,2556],{"class":51},[33,47068,47069],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47070,47071],{"class":51},"1\n",[664,47073,47075],{"id":47074},"intx-base",[30,47076,47077],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47079,47080,47081,47083],{},"Use this form when ",[30,47082,2351],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47085,47086],{},"Common bases:",[316,47088,47089,47094,47099],{},[319,47090,47091,47093],{},[30,47092,2234],{}," for binary",[319,47095,47096,47098],{},[30,47097,2520],{}," for octal",[319,47100,47101,47104],{},[30,47102,47103],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47106,367],{},[23,47108,47110],{"className":25,"code":47109,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[30,47111,47112,47134,47157],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47113,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47115,157],{"class":156},[33,47117,133],{"class":47},[33,47119,2366],{"class":129},[33,47121,133],{"class":47},[33,47123,80],{"class":79},[33,47125,46746],{"class":83},[33,47127,80],{"class":79},[33,47129,55],{"class":47},[33,47131,58],{"class":51},[33,47133,733],{"class":47},[33,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47149,47151,47153,47155],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47137,157],{"class":156},[33,47139,133],{"class":47},[33,47141,2366],{"class":129},[33,47143,133],{"class":47},[33,47145,80],{"class":79},[33,47147,47148],{"class":83},"17",[33,47150,80],{"class":79},[33,47152,55],{"class":47},[33,47154,6519],{"class":51},[33,47156,733],{"class":47},[33,47158,47159,47161,47163,47165,47167,47169,47172,47174,47176,47178],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47160,157],{"class":156},[33,47162,133],{"class":47},[33,47164,2366],{"class":129},[33,47166,133],{"class":47},[33,47168,80],{"class":79},[33,47170,47171],{"class":83},"1A",[33,47173,80],{"class":79},[33,47175,55],{"class":47},[33,47177,14141],{"class":51},[33,47179,733],{"class":47},[14,47181,207],{},[23,47183,47185],{"className":25,"code":47184,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5\n15\n26\n",[30,47186,47187,47191,47196],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47188,47189],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47190,3123],{"class":51},[33,47192,47193],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47194,47195],{"class":51},"15\n",[33,47197,47198],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47199,47200],{"class":51},"26\n",[14,47202,47203,47204,310],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[273,47205,47206,333],{"href":3057},[30,47207,3060],{},[18,47209,1357,47211,47213],{"id":47210},"using-int-with-strings",[30,47212,3054],{}," with strings",[14,47215,47216,47218],{},[30,47217,3054],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47220,47221],{},"Examples that work:",[23,47223,47225],{"className":25,"code":47224,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[30,47226,47227,47245,47263],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47228,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47230,157],{"class":156},[33,47232,133],{"class":47},[33,47234,2366],{"class":129},[33,47236,133],{"class":47},[33,47238,80],{"class":79},[33,47240,1085],{"class":83},[33,47242,80],{"class":79},[33,47244,733],{"class":47},[33,47246,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47248,157],{"class":156},[33,47250,133],{"class":47},[33,47252,2366],{"class":129},[33,47254,133],{"class":47},[33,47256,80],{"class":79},[33,47258,2468],{"class":83},[33,47260,80],{"class":79},[33,47262,733],{"class":47},[33,47264,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47278,47280],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47266,157],{"class":156},[33,47268,133],{"class":47},[33,47270,2366],{"class":129},[33,47272,133],{"class":47},[33,47274,80],{"class":79},[33,47276,47277],{"class":83},"  42  ",[33,47279,80],{"class":79},[33,47281,733],{"class":47},[14,47283,207],{},[23,47285,47287],{"className":25,"code":47286,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5\n-12\n42\n",[30,47288,47289,47293,47299],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47290,47291],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47292,3123],{"class":51},[33,47294,47295,47297],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47296,2199],{"class":43},[33,47298,2402],{"class":51},[33,47300,47301],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47302,46766],{"class":51},[14,47304,47305],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47307,47308],{},"Examples that fail:",[23,47310,47312],{"className":25,"code":47311,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[30,47313,47314,47319],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47315,47316],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47317,47318],{"class":1308},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[33,47320,47321],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47322,47323],{"class":1308},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47325,47326,47327,47329],{},"These raise ",[30,47328,40857],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[664,47331,47333],{"id":47332},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[23,47335,47337],{"className":25,"code":47336,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[30,47338,47339,47357,47376],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47340,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47342,157],{"class":156},[33,47344,133],{"class":47},[33,47346,2366],{"class":129},[33,47348,133],{"class":47},[33,47350,80],{"class":79},[33,47352,1114],{"class":83},[33,47354,80],{"class":79},[33,47356,733],{"class":47},[33,47358,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369,47372,47374],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47360,157],{"class":156},[33,47362,133],{"class":47},[33,47364,2366],{"class":129},[33,47366,133],{"class":47},[33,47368,80],{"class":79},[33,47370,47371],{"class":83},"+7",[33,47373,80],{"class":79},[33,47375,733],{"class":47},[33,47377,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388,47391,47393],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47379,157],{"class":156},[33,47381,133],{"class":47},[33,47383,2366],{"class":129},[33,47385,133],{"class":47},[33,47387,80],{"class":79},[33,47389,47390],{"class":83},"-100",[33,47392,80],{"class":79},[33,47394,733],{"class":47},[14,47396,207],{},[23,47398,47400],{"className":25,"code":47399,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0\n7\n-100\n",[30,47401,47402,47406,47410],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47403,47404],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47405,751],{"class":51},[33,47407,47408],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47409,2257],{"class":51},[33,47411,47412,47414],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47413,2199],{"class":43},[33,47415,47416],{"class":51},"100\n",[664,47418,47420],{"id":47419},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[23,47422,47424],{"className":25,"code":47423,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[30,47425,47426,47464,47468,47480,47487,47502,47517],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47460,47462],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47429,1071],{"class":39},[33,47431,44],{"class":43},[33,47433,48],{"class":47},[33,47435,80],{"class":79},[33,47437,40298],{"class":83},[33,47439,80],{"class":79},[33,47441,55],{"class":47},[33,47443,91],{"class":79},[33,47445,47446],{"class":83},"12abc",[33,47448,80],{"class":79},[33,47450,55],{"class":47},[33,47452,6285],{"class":79},[33,47454,55],{"class":47},[33,47456,91],{"class":79},[33,47458,47459],{"class":83},"seven",[33,47461,80],{"class":79},[33,47463,66],{"class":47},[33,47465,47466],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47467,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,47469,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47471,6117],{"class":4046},[33,47473,21738],{"class":39},[33,47475,4053],{"class":4046},[33,47477,4056],{"class":39},[33,47479,6553],{"class":47},[33,47481,47482,47485],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,47483,47484],{"class":4046},"    try",[33,47486,6553],{"class":47},[33,47488,47489,47492,47494,47496,47498,47500],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,47490,47491],{"class":156},"        print",[33,47493,133],{"class":47},[33,47495,2366],{"class":129},[33,47497,133],{"class":47},[33,47499,2647],{"class":162},[33,47501,733],{"class":47},[33,47503,47504,47507,47509,47512,47515],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,47505,47506],{"class":4046},"    except",[33,47508,42079],{"class":129},[33,47510,47511],{"class":4046}," as",[33,47513,47514],{"class":39}," error",[33,47516,6553],{"class":47},[33,47518,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527,47529,47531,47534,47536,47539,47541,47544,47546,47548],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,47520,47491],{"class":156},[33,47522,133],{"class":47},[33,47524,22448],{"class":1430},[33,47526,80],{"class":83},[33,47528,9432],{"class":51},[33,47530,2647],{"class":162},[33,47532,47533],{"class":1430},"!r",[33,47535,22457],{"class":51},[33,47537,47538],{"class":83}," -> ",[33,47540,9432],{"class":51},[33,47542,47543],{"class":162},"error",[33,47545,22457],{"class":51},[33,47547,80],{"class":83},[33,47549,143],{"class":47},[14,47551,207],{},[23,47553,47555],{"className":25,"code":47554,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[30,47556,47557,47593,47625,47650],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47558,47559,47561,47563,47565,47568,47571,47573,47575,47577,47580,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47560,236],{"class":43481},[33,47562,40298],{"class":43485},[33,47564,236],{"class":43481},[33,47566,47567],{"class":37521}," ->",[33,47569,47570],{"class":39}," invalid literal ",[33,47572,6117],{"class":4046},[33,47574,45430],{"class":129},[33,47576,1360],{"class":47},[33,47578,47579],{"class":4046}," with",[33,47581,47582],{"class":39}," base ",[33,47584,538],{"class":51},[33,47586,3061],{"class":47},[33,47588,245],{"class":79},[33,47590,40298],{"class":83},[33,47592,29853],{"class":79},[33,47594,47595,47597,47599,47601,47603,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47596,236],{"class":79},[33,47598,47446],{"class":83},[33,47600,236],{"class":79},[33,47602,47567],{"class":37521},[33,47604,47570],{"class":39},[33,47606,6117],{"class":4046},[33,47608,45430],{"class":129},[33,47610,1360],{"class":47},[33,47612,47579],{"class":4046},[33,47614,47582],{"class":39},[33,47616,538],{"class":51},[33,47618,3061],{"class":47},[33,47620,245],{"class":79},[33,47622,47446],{"class":83},[33,47624,29853],{"class":79},[33,47626,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47628,3945],{"class":79},[33,47630,47567],{"class":37521},[33,47632,47570],{"class":39},[33,47634,6117],{"class":4046},[33,47636,45430],{"class":129},[33,47638,1360],{"class":47},[33,47640,47579],{"class":4046},[33,47642,47582],{"class":39},[33,47644,538],{"class":51},[33,47646,3061],{"class":47},[33,47648,47649],{"class":79}," ''\n",[33,47651,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,47653,236],{"class":79},[33,47655,47459],{"class":83},[33,47657,236],{"class":79},[33,47659,47567],{"class":37521},[33,47661,47570],{"class":39},[33,47663,6117],{"class":4046},[33,47665,45430],{"class":129},[33,47667,1360],{"class":47},[33,47669,47579],{"class":4046},[33,47671,47582],{"class":39},[33,47673,538],{"class":51},[33,47675,3061],{"class":47},[33,47677,245],{"class":79},[33,47679,47459],{"class":83},[33,47681,29853],{"class":79},[14,47683,47684,47685,47687,47688,310],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[273,47686,9137],{"href":9136}," and the ",[273,47689,47690,333],{"href":8377},[30,47691,3134],{},[18,47693,1357,47695,47697],{"id":47694},"using-int-with-floats",[30,47696,3054],{}," with floats",[14,47699,47700,47701,47703],{},"When you pass a float to ",[30,47702,3054],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47705,47706,47707,14207,47709,47711],{},"Important: ",[30,47708,3054],{},[205,47710,4796],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[23,47713,47715],{"className":25,"code":47714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[30,47716,47717,47731,47746,47762],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47718,47719,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47720,157],{"class":156},[33,47722,133],{"class":47},[33,47724,2366],{"class":129},[33,47726,133],{"class":47},[33,47728,42137],{"class":51},[33,47730,733],{"class":47},[33,47732,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47744],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47734,157],{"class":156},[33,47736,133],{"class":47},[33,47738,2366],{"class":129},[33,47740,133],{"class":47},[33,47742,47743],{"class":51},"3.1",[33,47745,733],{"class":47},[33,47747,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47749,157],{"class":156},[33,47751,133],{"class":47},[33,47753,2366],{"class":129},[33,47755,133],{"class":47},[33,47757,2199],{"class":43},[33,47759,42137],{"class":51},[33,47761,733],{"class":47},[33,47763,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,47765,157],{"class":156},[33,47767,133],{"class":47},[33,47769,2366],{"class":129},[33,47771,133],{"class":47},[33,47773,2199],{"class":43},[33,47775,47743],{"class":51},[33,47777,733],{"class":47},[14,47779,207],{},[23,47781,47783],{"className":25,"code":47782,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[30,47784,47785,47789,47793,47799],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47786,47787],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47788,46771],{"class":51},[33,47790,47791],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47792,46771],{"class":51},[33,47794,47795,47797],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47796,2199],{"class":43},[33,47798,46771],{"class":51},[33,47800,47801,47803],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,47802,2199],{"class":43},[33,47804,46771],{"class":51},[14,47806,47807],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[316,47809,47810,47817],{},[319,47811,47812,42308,47815],{},[30,47813,47814],{},"int(3.9)",[30,47816,2240],{},[319,47818,47819,42308,47822],{},[30,47820,47821],{},"int(-3.9)",[30,47823,47824],{},"-3",[14,47826,47827,47828,47832,47833,310],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[273,47829,47830],{"href":3057},[30,47831,3060],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[273,47834,47835],{"href":42328},[30,47836,47837],{},"str()",[18,47839,1357,47841,47843],{"id":47840},"using-int-with-booleans",[30,47842,3054],{}," with booleans",[14,47845,47846],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[23,47848,47850],{"className":25,"code":47849,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[30,47851,47852,47866],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47853,47854,47856,47858,47860,47862,47864],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47855,157],{"class":156},[33,47857,133],{"class":47},[33,47859,2366],{"class":129},[33,47861,133],{"class":47},[33,47863,3777],{"class":398},[33,47865,733],{"class":47},[33,47867,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47869,157],{"class":156},[33,47871,133],{"class":47},[33,47873,2366],{"class":129},[33,47875,133],{"class":47},[33,47877,3844],{"class":398},[33,47879,733],{"class":47},[14,47881,207],{},[23,47883,47885],{"className":25,"code":47884,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1\n0\n",[30,47886,47887,47891],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47888,47889],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47890,47071],{"class":51},[33,47892,47893],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47894,751],{"class":51},[14,47896,47897],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[23,47899,47901],{"className":25,"code":47900,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[30,47902,47903,47912,47927,47931],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47904,47905,47908,47910],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47906,47907],{"class":39},"passed ",[33,47909,44],{"class":43},[33,47911,6582],{"class":398},[33,47913,47914,47916,47918,47920,47922,47925],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,47915,41336],{"class":39},[33,47917,44],{"class":43},[33,47919,45430],{"class":129},[33,47921,133],{"class":47},[33,47923,47924],{"class":162},"passed",[33,47926,143],{"class":47},[33,47928,47929],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,47930,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,47932,47933,47935,47937,47939],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,47934,157],{"class":156},[33,47936,133],{"class":47},[33,47938,41365],{"class":162},[33,47940,143],{"class":47},[14,47942,207],{},[23,47944,47945],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,47946,47947],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47948,47949],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47950,47071],{"class":51},[14,47952,47953,47954,310],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[273,47955,47956,333],{"href":5939},[30,47957,3984],{},[18,47959,47961],{"id":47960},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47963,47964,47965,47968],{},"Use the ",[30,47966,47967],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[664,47970,47972],{"id":47971},"binary-example","Binary example",[23,47974,47976],{"className":25,"code":47975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[30,47977,47978],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,47979,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,47981,157],{"class":156},[33,47983,133],{"class":47},[33,47985,2366],{"class":129},[33,47987,133],{"class":47},[33,47989,80],{"class":79},[33,47991,46746],{"class":83},[33,47993,80],{"class":79},[33,47995,55],{"class":47},[33,47997,58],{"class":51},[33,47999,733],{"class":47},[14,48001,207],{},[23,48003,48004],{"className":25,"code":3123,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48005,48006],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48007,48008],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48009,3123],{"class":51},[14,48011,48012,48015],{},[30,48013,48014],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[316,48017,48018,48023,48028],{},[319,48019,48020],{},[30,48021,48022],{},"1 × 4",[319,48024,48025],{},[30,48026,48027],{},"0 × 2",[319,48029,48030],{},[30,48031,48032],{},"1 × 1",[14,48034,48035,48036,310],{},"So the result is ",[30,48037,1085],{},[664,48039,48041],{"id":48040},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[23,48043,48045],{"className":25,"code":48044,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[30,48046,48047],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48048,48049,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48050,157],{"class":156},[33,48052,133],{"class":47},[33,48054,2366],{"class":129},[33,48056,133],{"class":47},[33,48058,80],{"class":79},[33,48060,47171],{"class":83},[33,48062,80],{"class":79},[33,48064,55],{"class":47},[33,48066,14141],{"class":51},[33,48068,733],{"class":47},[14,48070,207],{},[23,48072,48073],{"className":25,"code":47200,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48074,48075],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48076,48077],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48078,47200],{"class":51},[664,48080,48082],{"id":48081},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48084,2155,48085,48087],{},[30,48086,47967],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48089,48090],{},"Good:",[23,48092,48093],{"className":25,"code":47975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48094,48095],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48096,48097,48099,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48098,157],{"class":156},[33,48100,133],{"class":47},[33,48102,2366],{"class":129},[33,48104,133],{"class":47},[33,48106,80],{"class":79},[33,48108,46746],{"class":83},[33,48110,80],{"class":79},[33,48112,55],{"class":47},[33,48114,58],{"class":51},[33,48116,733],{"class":47},[14,48118,48119],{},"Not correct:",[23,48121,48123],{"className":25,"code":48122,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# int(101, 2)\n",[30,48124,48125],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48126,48127],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48128,48122],{"class":1308},[14,48130,48131,48132,8757,48134,48136],{},"That causes a ",[30,48133,3181],{},[30,48135,47967],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[18,48138,48140],{"id":48139},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48142,48143,48144,48146,48147,2030,48149,310],{},"Two common errors with ",[30,48145,3054],{}," are ",[30,48148,40857],{},[30,48150,3181],{},[664,48152,48153],{"id":41667},[30,48154,40857],{},[14,48156,48157],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48159,367],{},[23,48161,48163],{"className":25,"code":48162,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[30,48164,48165,48171,48189,48201],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48166,48167,48169],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48168,29957],{"class":4046},[33,48170,6553],{"class":47},[33,48172,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,48174,8227],{"class":156},[33,48176,133],{"class":47},[33,48178,2366],{"class":129},[33,48180,133],{"class":47},[33,48182,80],{"class":79},[33,48184,40298],{"class":83},[33,48186,80],{"class":79},[33,48188,733],{"class":47},[33,48190,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,48192,29988],{"class":4046},[33,48194,42079],{"class":129},[33,48196,47511],{"class":4046},[33,48198,47514],{"class":39},[33,48200,6553],{"class":47},[33,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,48204,8227],{"class":156},[33,48206,133],{"class":47},[33,48208,47543],{"class":162},[33,48210,143],{"class":47},[14,48212,207],{},[23,48214,48216],{"className":25,"code":48215,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[30,48217,48218],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48219,48220,48223,48225,48227,48229,48231,48233,48235,48237,48239,48241],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48221,48222],{"class":39},"invalid literal ",[33,48224,6117],{"class":4046},[33,48226,45430],{"class":129},[33,48228,1360],{"class":47},[33,48230,47579],{"class":4046},[33,48232,47582],{"class":39},[33,48234,538],{"class":51},[33,48236,3061],{"class":47},[33,48238,245],{"class":79},[33,48240,40298],{"class":83},[33,48242,29853],{"class":79},[14,48244,48245,48246,48249,48250,48252],{},"A decimal string like ",[30,48247,48248],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[30,48251,3054],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[23,48254,48256],{"className":25,"code":48255,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[30,48257,48258],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48259,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48261,157],{"class":156},[33,48263,133],{"class":47},[33,48265,2366],{"class":129},[33,48267,133],{"class":47},[33,48269,2369],{"class":129},[33,48271,133],{"class":47},[33,48273,80],{"class":79},[33,48275,40298],{"class":83},[33,48277,80],{"class":79},[33,48279,1890],{"class":47},[14,48281,207],{},[23,48283,48284],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48285,48286],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48287,48288],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48289,46771],{"class":51},[14,48291,48292,48293,2030,48296,310],{},"If you see this often, read ",[273,48294,48295],{"href":3138},"how to convert string to int in Python",[273,48297,25833,48298],{"href":46070},[30,48299,46071],{},[664,48301,48302],{"id":41732},[30,48303,3181],{},[14,48305,48306],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48308,367],{},[23,48310,48312],{"className":25,"code":48311,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[30,48313,48314,48320,48334,48347],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48315,48316,48318],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48317,29957],{"class":4046},[33,48319,6553],{"class":47},[33,48321,48322,48324,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,48323,8227],{"class":156},[33,48325,133],{"class":47},[33,48327,2366],{"class":129},[33,48329,133],{"class":47},[33,48331,3950],{"class":398},[33,48333,733],{"class":47},[33,48335,48336,48338,48341,48343,48345],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,48337,29988],{"class":4046},[33,48339,48340],{"class":129}," TypeError",[33,48342,47511],{"class":4046},[33,48344,47514],{"class":39},[33,48346,6553],{"class":47},[33,48348,48349,48351,48353,48355],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,48350,8227],{"class":156},[33,48352,133],{"class":47},[33,48354,47543],{"class":162},[33,48356,143],{"class":47},[14,48358,207],{},[23,48360,48362],{"className":25,"code":48361,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[30,48363,48364],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48365,48366,48368,48370,48373,48375,48377,48380,48382,48385,48387,48390,48392,48394,48396,48398,48401],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48367,2366],{"class":129},[33,48369,1360],{"class":47},[33,48371,48372],{"class":39}," argument must be a string",[33,48374,55],{"class":47},[33,48376,44698],{"class":39},[33,48378,48379],{"class":129},"bytes",[33,48381,2199],{"class":43},[33,48383,48384],{"class":39},"like ",[33,48386,42552],{"class":129},[33,48388,48389],{"class":43}," or",[33,48391,40993],{"class":39},[33,48393,55],{"class":47},[33,48395,8257],{"class":43},[33,48397,245],{"class":79},[33,48399,48400],{"class":83},"NoneType",[33,48402,29853],{"class":79},[14,48404,48405,48406,48408],{},"Another example is using the ",[30,48407,47967],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[23,48410,48412],{"className":25,"code":48411,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[30,48413,48414,48420,48438,48450],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48415,48416,48418],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48417,29957],{"class":4046},[33,48419,6553],{"class":47},[33,48421,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,48423,8227],{"class":156},[33,48425,133],{"class":47},[33,48427,2366],{"class":129},[33,48429,133],{"class":47},[33,48431,46746],{"class":51},[33,48433,55],{"class":47},[33,48435,58],{"class":51},[33,48437,733],{"class":47},[33,48439,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,48441,29988],{"class":4046},[33,48443,48340],{"class":129},[33,48445,47511],{"class":4046},[33,48447,47514],{"class":39},[33,48449,6553],{"class":47},[33,48451,48452,48454,48456,48458],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,48453,8227],{"class":156},[33,48455,133],{"class":47},[33,48457,47543],{"class":162},[33,48459,143],{"class":47},[14,48461,207],{},[23,48463,48465],{"className":25,"code":48464,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48466,48467],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48468,48469,48471,48473,48476,48478],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48470,2366],{"class":129},[33,48472,1360],{"class":47},[33,48474,48475],{"class":39}," can",[33,48477,236],{"class":79},[33,48479,48480],{"class":83},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,48482,5127,48484],{"id":48483},"when-to-use-int",[30,48485,3054],{},[14,48487,672,48488,48490],{},[30,48489,3054],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48492,48493],{},"Common uses:",[316,48495,48496,48502,48505,48508],{},[319,48497,48498,48499,48501],{},"Convert user input from ",[30,48500,3134],{}," into integers",[319,48503,48504],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[319,48506,48507],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[319,48509,48510,48511,36769],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[30,48512,47967],{},[14,48514,48515],{},"Example with user input:",[23,48517,48519],{"className":25,"code":48518,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[30,48520,48521,48535,48550,48554],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48522,48523,48526,48528,48530,48533],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48524,48525],{"class":39},"age_text ",[33,48527,44],{"class":43},[33,48529,91],{"class":79},[33,48531,48532],{"class":83},"18",[33,48534,3532],{"class":79},[33,48536,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545,48548],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,48538,21782],{"class":39},[33,48540,44],{"class":43},[33,48542,45430],{"class":129},[33,48544,133],{"class":47},[33,48546,48547],{"class":162},"age_text",[33,48549,143],{"class":47},[33,48551,48552],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,48553,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,48555,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,48557,157],{"class":156},[33,48559,133],{"class":47},[33,48561,21782],{"class":162},[33,48563,2237],{"class":43},[33,48565,1119],{"class":51},[33,48567,143],{"class":47},[14,48569,207],{},[23,48571,48573],{"className":25,"code":48572,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"19\n",[30,48574,48575],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48576,48577],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48578,48572],{"class":51},[18,48580,3006],{"id":3005},[14,48582,14887,48583,310],{},[30,48584,3054],{},[664,48586,48588],{"id":48587},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48590,48591],{},"This fails:",[23,48593,48595],{"className":25,"code":48594,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[30,48596,48597],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48598,48599],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48600,48594],{"class":1308},[14,48602,48603,48604,48607],{},"Why: ",[30,48605,48606],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48609,18993],{},[23,48611,48613],{"className":25,"code":48612,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[30,48614,48615],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48616,48617,48619,48621,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633,48635],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48618,157],{"class":156},[33,48620,133],{"class":47},[33,48622,2366],{"class":129},[33,48624,133],{"class":47},[33,48626,2369],{"class":129},[33,48628,133],{"class":47},[33,48630,80],{"class":79},[33,48632,41277],{"class":83},[33,48634,80],{"class":79},[33,48636,1890],{"class":47},[664,48638,48640],{"id":48639},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48642,48591],{},[23,48644,48646],{"className":25,"code":48645,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[30,48647,48648],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48649,48650],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48651,48645],{"class":1308},[14,48653,48654],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[664,48656,48658,48659],{"id":48657},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[30,48660,48661],{},"int(None)",[14,48663,48664,48665,48667],{},"This fails because ",[30,48666,3950],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[23,48669,48671],{"className":25,"code":48670,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[30,48672,48673,48682,48686,48692,48706,48718],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48674,48675,48677,48679],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48676,2622],{"class":39},[33,48678,44],{"class":43},[33,48680,48681],{"class":398}," None\n",[33,48683,48684],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,48685,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,48687,48688,48690],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,48689,29957],{"class":4046},[33,48691,6553],{"class":47},[33,48693,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,48695,8227],{"class":156},[33,48697,133],{"class":47},[33,48699,2366],{"class":129},[33,48701,133],{"class":47},[33,48703,2647],{"class":162},[33,48705,733],{"class":47},[33,48707,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,48709,29988],{"class":4046},[33,48711,48340],{"class":129},[33,48713,47511],{"class":4046},[33,48715,47514],{"class":39},[33,48717,6553],{"class":47},[33,48719,48720,48722,48724,48726],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,48721,8227],{"class":156},[33,48723,133],{"class":47},[33,48725,47543],{"class":162},[33,48727,143],{"class":47},[664,48729,48731],{"id":48730},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48733,48591],{},[23,48735,48736],{"className":25,"code":48122,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48737,48738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48739,48740],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48741,48122],{"class":1308},[14,48743,48744],{},"Use a string instead:",[23,48746,48747],{"className":25,"code":47975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,48748,48749],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48750,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48752,157],{"class":156},[33,48754,133],{"class":47},[33,48756,2366],{"class":129},[33,48758,133],{"class":47},[33,48760,80],{"class":79},[33,48762,46746],{"class":83},[33,48764,80],{"class":79},[33,48766,55],{"class":47},[33,48768,58],{"class":51},[33,48770,733],{"class":47},[664,48772,1487,48774,48776],{"id":48773},"expecting-int-to-round",[30,48775,3054],{}," to round",[14,48778,48779],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[23,48781,48783],{"className":25,"code":48782,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(int(4.9))\n",[30,48784,48785],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48786,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48798],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48788,157],{"class":156},[33,48790,133],{"class":47},[33,48792,2366],{"class":129},[33,48794,133],{"class":47},[33,48796,48797],{"class":51},"4.9",[33,48799,733],{"class":47},[14,48801,207],{},[23,48803,48805],{"className":25,"code":48804,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"4\n",[30,48806,48807],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,48808,48809],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,48810,48804],{"class":51},[14,48812,3346,48813,48815,48816,48818],{},[30,48814,1085],{},", remember that ",[30,48817,3054],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[18,48820,1961],{"id":1960},[664,48822,12857,48824,48826],{"id":48823},"does-int-round-numbers",[30,48825,3054],{}," round numbers?",[14,48828,46519,48829,48831],{},[30,48830,3054],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[664,48833,5322,48835,48838],{"id":48834},"why-does-int314-fail",[30,48836,48837],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48840,29214,48841,48843,48844,48846,48847,40084],{},[30,48842,48248],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[30,48845,3060],{}," first, then use ",[30,48848,3054],{},[664,48850,2007,48852,12869],{"id":48851},"what-does-inttrue-return",[30,48853,48854],{},"int(True)",[14,48856,5312,48857,28466,48859,42308,48861,310],{},[30,48858,52],{},[30,48860,3844],{},[30,48862,1114],{},[664,48864,48866],{"id":48865},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48868,48869],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[18,48871,2045],{"id":2044},[316,48873,48874,48880,48886,48892,48897,48901,48907],{},[319,48875,48876],{},[273,48877,48878,3683],{"href":3057},[30,48879,3060],{},[319,48881,48882],{},[273,48883,48884,3683],{"href":42328},[30,48885,47837],{},[319,48887,48888],{},[273,48889,48890,3683],{"href":5939},[30,48891,3984],{},[319,48893,48894],{},[273,48895,48896],{"href":3138},"How to convert string to int in Python",[319,48898,48899],{},[273,48900,9214],{"href":9136},[319,48902,48903],{},[273,48904,48905,3683],{"href":8377},[30,48906,3134],{},[319,48908,48909],{},[273,48910,30501,48911],{"href":46070},[30,48912,46071],{},[2097,48914,48915],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":48917},[48918,48919,48921,48925,48930,48932,48934,48939,48943,48945,48954,48963],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":46783,"depth":69,"text":48920},"What int() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":48922},[48923,48924],{"id":46974,"depth":110,"text":46977},{"id":47074,"depth":110,"text":47077},{"id":47210,"depth":69,"text":48926,"children":48927},"Using int() with strings",[48928,48929],{"id":47332,"depth":110,"text":47333},{"id":47419,"depth":110,"text":47420},{"id":47694,"depth":69,"text":48931},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47840,"depth":69,"text":48933},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47960,"depth":69,"text":47961,"children":48935},[48936,48937,48938],{"id":47971,"depth":110,"text":47972},{"id":48040,"depth":110,"text":48041},{"id":48081,"depth":110,"text":48082},{"id":48139,"depth":69,"text":48140,"children":48940},[48941,48942],{"id":41667,"depth":110,"text":40857},{"id":41732,"depth":110,"text":3181},{"id":48483,"depth":69,"text":48944},"When to use int()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":48946},[48947,48948,48949,48951,48952],{"id":48587,"depth":110,"text":48588},{"id":48639,"depth":110,"text":48640},{"id":48657,"depth":110,"text":48950},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48730,"depth":110,"text":48731},{"id":48773,"depth":110,"text":48953},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":48955},[48956,48958,48960,48962],{"id":48823,"depth":110,"text":48957},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48834,"depth":110,"text":48959},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48851,"depth":110,"text":48961},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48865,"depth":110,"text":48866},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42249,"description":48964},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48971,"title":48972,"body":48973,"description":50808,"extension":2138,"meta":50809,"navigation":149,"path":44956,"seo":50810,"stem":50811,"__hash__":50812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48974,"toc":50764},[48975,48980,48985,48993,49002,49004,49063,49069,49074,49079,49082,49109,49112,49115,49126,49136,49138,49140,49160,49164,49192,49194,49233,49235,49243,49245,49248,49252,49305,49307,49319,49323,49380,49382,49394,49400,49406,49410,49413,49416,49482,49484,49496,49502,49504,49556,49559,49600,49603,49610,49619,49625,49628,49661,49667,49670,49701,49707,49710,49722,49726,49731,49735,49893,49895,49910,49913,49917,50021,50023,50040,50044,50105,50107,50115,50118,50122,50189,50191,50200,50206,50208,50217,50219,50254,50259,50261,50291,50295,50297,50334,50337,50339,50376,50382,50384,50434,50436,50444,50454,50460,50464,50469,50518,50520,50533,50536,50538,50541,50616,50619,50638,50641,50671,50681,50683,50688,50695,50701,50707,50714,50722,50728,50731,50733,50761],[10,48976,2076,48978,2079],{"id":48977},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[30,48979,44959],{},[14,48981,48982,48984],{},[30,48983,44959],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48986,48987,48988,453,48990,48992],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[30,48989,3777],{},[30,48991,3844],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48994,48995,48996,48998,48999,49001],{},"In many cases, ",[30,48997,44959],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[30,49000,2478],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[18,49003,21],{"id":20},[23,49005,49007],{"className":25,"code":49006,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[30,49008,49009,49017,49021,49042],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49010,49011,49013,49015],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49012,2622],{"class":39},[33,49014,44],{"class":43},[33,49016,2762],{"class":51},[33,49018,49019],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49020,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49022,49023,49025,49027,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038,49040],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49024,157],{"class":156},[33,49026,133],{"class":47},[33,49028,49029],{"class":156},"isinstance",[33,49031,133],{"class":47},[33,49033,2647],{"class":162},[33,49035,55],{"class":47},[33,49037,45430],{"class":129},[33,49039,5522],{"class":47},[33,49041,44008],{"class":1308},[33,49043,49044,49046,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49059,49061],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49045,157],{"class":156},[33,49047,133],{"class":47},[33,49049,49029],{"class":156},[33,49051,133],{"class":47},[33,49053,2647],{"class":162},[33,49055,55],{"class":47},[33,49057,49058],{"class":129}," str",[33,49060,5522],{"class":47},[33,49062,44025],{"class":1308},[14,49064,672,49065,49068],{},[30,49066,49067],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[18,49070,3848,49072,3851],{"id":49071},"what-isinstance-does",[30,49073,44959],{},[14,49075,49076,49078],{},[30,49077,44959],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49080,49081],{},"It:",[316,49083,49084,49087,49093,49096],{},[319,49085,49086],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[319,49088,11575,49089,453,49091],{},[30,49090,3777],{},[30,49092,3844],{},[319,49094,49095],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[319,49097,49098,49099,1931,49101,1931,49103,1931,49105,1938,49107],{},"Is commonly used with ",[30,49100,3617],{},[30,49102,2366],{},[30,49104,1879],{},[30,49106,1436],{},[30,49108,8977],{},[14,49110,49111],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49113,49114],{},"For example, you might want to:",[316,49116,49117,49120,49123],{},[319,49118,49119],{},"loop through a list",[319,49121,49122],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[319,49124,49125],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49127,49128,49129,453,49132,310],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[273,49130,44951],{"href":49131},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[273,49133,49135],{"href":49134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[18,49137,2334],{"id":2333},[14,49139,2337],{},[23,49141,49143],{"className":25,"code":49142,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[30,49144,49145],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49146,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49158],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49148,49029],{"class":156},[33,49150,133],{"class":47},[33,49152,42552],{"class":129},[33,49154,55],{"class":47},[33,49156,49157],{"class":162}," classinfo",[33,49159,143],{"class":47},[664,49161,49163],{"id":49162},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[316,49165,49166,49171,49185],{},[319,49167,49168,49170],{},[30,49169,42552],{}," is the value you want to test",[319,49172,49173,49176,49177,1931,49179,1931,49181,2370,49183],{},[30,49174,49175],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[30,49178,2366],{},[30,49180,3617],{},[30,49182,1879],{},[30,49184,8977],{},[319,49186,49187,49188,453,49190],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[30,49189,3777],{},[30,49191,3844],{},[14,49193,367],{},[23,49195,49197],{"className":25,"code":49196,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[30,49198,49199,49211,49215],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49200,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49202,8034],{"class":39},[33,49204,44],{"class":43},[33,49206,91],{"class":79},[33,49208,11661],{"class":83},[33,49210,3532],{"class":79},[33,49212,49213],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49214,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49216,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49218,157],{"class":156},[33,49220,133],{"class":47},[33,49222,49029],{"class":156},[33,49224,133],{"class":47},[33,49226,7827],{"class":162},[33,49228,55],{"class":47},[33,49230,49058],{"class":129},[33,49232,733],{"class":47},[14,49234,207],{},[23,49236,49237],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,49238,49239],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49240,49241],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49242,4148],{"class":398},[18,49244,11627],{"id":11626},[14,49246,49247],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[664,49249,49251],{"id":49250},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[23,49253,49255],{"className":25,"code":49254,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[30,49256,49257,49265,49269,49287],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49258,49259,49261,49263],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49260,2622],{"class":39},[33,49262,44],{"class":43},[33,49264,45379],{"class":51},[33,49266,49267],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49268,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49270,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49272,157],{"class":156},[33,49274,133],{"class":47},[33,49276,49029],{"class":156},[33,49278,133],{"class":47},[33,49280,2647],{"class":162},[33,49282,55],{"class":47},[33,49284,45430],{"class":129},[33,49286,733],{"class":47},[33,49288,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49290,157],{"class":156},[33,49292,133],{"class":47},[33,49294,49029],{"class":156},[33,49296,133],{"class":47},[33,49298,2647],{"class":162},[33,49300,55],{"class":47},[33,49302,49058],{"class":129},[33,49304,733],{"class":47},[14,49306,207],{},[23,49308,49309],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,49310,49311,49315],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49312,49313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49314,4148],{"class":398},[33,49316,49317],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49318,4209],{"class":398},[664,49320,49322],{"id":49321},"check-text","Check text",[23,49324,49326],{"className":25,"code":49325,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[30,49327,49328,49340,49344,49362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49329,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49331,34843],{"class":39},[33,49333,44],{"class":43},[33,49335,91],{"class":79},[33,49337,545],{"class":83},[33,49339,3532],{"class":79},[33,49341,49342],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49343,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49345,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49347,157],{"class":156},[33,49349,133],{"class":47},[33,49351,49029],{"class":156},[33,49353,133],{"class":47},[33,49355,34864],{"class":162},[33,49357,55],{"class":47},[33,49359,49058],{"class":129},[33,49361,733],{"class":47},[33,49363,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49365,157],{"class":156},[33,49367,133],{"class":47},[33,49369,49029],{"class":156},[33,49371,133],{"class":47},[33,49373,34864],{"class":162},[33,49375,55],{"class":47},[33,49377,45430],{"class":129},[33,49379,733],{"class":47},[14,49381,207],{},[23,49383,49384],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,49385,49386,49390],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49387,49388],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49389,4148],{"class":398},[33,49391,49392],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49393,4209],{"class":398},[14,49395,49396,49397,49399],{},"In both examples, ",[30,49398,44959],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49401,49402,49403,310],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[273,49404,49405],{"href":3138},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[18,49407,49409],{"id":49408},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49411,49412],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49414,49415],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[23,49417,49419],{"className":25,"code":49418,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[30,49420,49421,49430,49434,49458],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49422,49423,49425,49427],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49424,2622],{"class":39},[33,49426,44],{"class":43},[33,49428,49429],{"class":51}," 3.5\n",[33,49431,49432],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49433,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49435,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49437,157],{"class":156},[33,49439,133],{"class":47},[33,49441,49029],{"class":156},[33,49443,133],{"class":47},[33,49445,2647],{"class":162},[33,49447,55],{"class":47},[33,49449,1381],{"class":47},[33,49451,2366],{"class":129},[33,49453,55],{"class":47},[33,49455,40410],{"class":129},[33,49457,1890],{"class":47},[33,49459,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49461,157],{"class":156},[33,49463,133],{"class":47},[33,49465,49029],{"class":156},[33,49467,133],{"class":47},[33,49469,2647],{"class":162},[33,49471,55],{"class":47},[33,49473,1381],{"class":47},[33,49475,3617],{"class":129},[33,49477,55],{"class":47},[33,49479,130],{"class":129},[33,49481,1890],{"class":47},[14,49483,207],{},[23,49485,49486],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,49487,49488,49492],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49489,49490],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49491,4148],{"class":398},[33,49493,49494],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49495,4209],{"class":398},[14,49497,49498,49499,49501],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[30,49500,40990],{}," conditions.",[14,49503,8456],{},[23,49505,49507],{"className":25,"code":49506,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[30,49508,49509,49517,49521],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49510,49511,49513,49515],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49512,2622],{"class":39},[33,49514,44],{"class":43},[33,49516,49429],{"class":51},[33,49518,49519],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49520,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49522,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552,49554],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49524,157],{"class":156},[33,49526,133],{"class":47},[33,49528,1406],{"class":129},[33,49530,133],{"class":47},[33,49532,2647],{"class":162},[33,49534,3831],{"class":47},[33,49536,6568],{"class":43},[33,49538,45430],{"class":129},[33,49540,48389],{"class":4046},[33,49542,49543],{"class":129}," type",[33,49545,133],{"class":47},[33,49547,2647],{"class":162},[33,49549,3831],{"class":47},[33,49551,6568],{"class":43},[33,49553,40410],{"class":129},[33,49555,143],{"class":47},[14,49557,49558],{},"you can write this:",[23,49560,49562],{"className":25,"code":49561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[30,49563,49564,49572,49576],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49565,49566,49568,49570],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49567,2622],{"class":39},[33,49569,44],{"class":43},[33,49571,49429],{"class":51},[33,49573,49574],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49575,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49577,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49579,157],{"class":156},[33,49581,133],{"class":47},[33,49583,49029],{"class":156},[33,49585,133],{"class":47},[33,49587,2647],{"class":162},[33,49589,55],{"class":47},[33,49591,1381],{"class":47},[33,49593,2366],{"class":129},[33,49595,55],{"class":47},[33,49597,40410],{"class":129},[33,49599,1890],{"class":47},[14,49601,49602],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[18,49604,49606,10739,49608],{"id":49605},"isinstance-vs-type",[30,49607,44959],{},[30,49609,2478],{},[14,49611,10744,49612,2030,49614,49618],{},[30,49613,44959],{},[273,49615,49616],{"href":2475},[30,49617,2478],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[664,49620,49622],{"id":49621},"typevalue-int",[30,49623,49624],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49626,49627],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[23,49629,49631],{"className":25,"code":49630,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[30,49632,49633,49641],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49634,49635,49637,49639],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49636,2622],{"class":39},[33,49638,44],{"class":43},[33,49640,2762],{"class":51},[33,49642,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49644,157],{"class":156},[33,49646,133],{"class":47},[33,49648,1406],{"class":129},[33,49650,133],{"class":47},[33,49652,2647],{"class":162},[33,49654,3831],{"class":47},[33,49656,6568],{"class":43},[33,49658,45430],{"class":129},[33,49660,143],{"class":47},[664,49662,49664],{"id":49663},"isinstancevalue-int",[30,49665,49666],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49668,49669],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[23,49671,49673],{"className":25,"code":49672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[30,49674,49675,49683],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49676,49677,49679,49681],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49678,2622],{"class":39},[33,49680,44],{"class":43},[33,49682,2762],{"class":51},[33,49684,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49686,157],{"class":156},[33,49688,133],{"class":47},[33,49690,49029],{"class":156},[33,49692,133],{"class":47},[33,49694,2647],{"class":162},[33,49696,55],{"class":47},[33,49698,45430],{"class":129},[33,49700,733],{"class":47},[14,49702,49703,49704,49706],{},"For beginners, ",[30,49705,44959],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49708,49709],{},"In everyday code:",[316,49711,49712,49717],{},[319,49713,40145,49714,49716],{},[30,49715,2478],{}," when you need the exact type",[319,49718,40145,49719,49721],{},[30,49720,44959],{}," when you want a practical type check",[18,49723,49725],{"id":49724},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49727,49728,49729,310],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[30,49730,44959],{},[664,49732,49734],{"id":49733},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[23,49736,49738],{"className":25,"code":49737,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[30,49739,49740,49758,49777,49789,49794,49812,49823,49827,49839,49843,49867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49741,49742,49744,49747,49749,49751,49753,49756],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49743,35007],{"class":1430},[33,49745,49746],{"class":35010}," repeat_text",[33,49748,133],{"class":47},[33,49750,34864],{"class":37817},[33,49752,55],{"class":47},[33,49754,49755],{"class":37817}," count",[33,49757,8498],{"class":47},[33,49759,49760,49762,49764,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49761,6558],{"class":4046},[33,49763,8257],{"class":43},[33,49765,49766],{"class":156}," isinstance",[33,49768,133],{"class":47},[33,49770,34864],{"class":162},[33,49772,55],{"class":47},[33,49774,49058],{"class":129},[33,49776,8498],{"class":47},[33,49778,49779,49782,49784,49787],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49780,49781],{"class":4046},"        return",[33,49783,91],{"class":79},[33,49785,49786],{"class":83},"text must be a string",[33,49788,3532],{"class":79},[33,49790,49791],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49792,49793],{"class":39},"    \n",[33,49795,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,49797,6558],{"class":4046},[33,49799,8257],{"class":43},[33,49801,49766],{"class":156},[33,49803,133],{"class":47},[33,49805,41413],{"class":162},[33,49807,55],{"class":47},[33,49809,45430],{"class":129},[33,49811,8498],{"class":47},[33,49813,49814,49816,49818,49821],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,49815,49781],{"class":4046},[33,49817,91],{"class":79},[33,49819,49820],{"class":83},"count must be an integer",[33,49822,3532],{"class":79},[33,49824,49825],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,49826,49793],{"class":39},[33,49828,49829,49831,49834,49836],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,49830,35018],{"class":4046},[33,49832,49833],{"class":39}," text ",[33,49835,40027],{"class":43},[33,49837,49838],{"class":39}," count\n",[33,49840,49841],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,49842,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49844,49845,49847,49849,49852,49854,49856,49859,49861,49863,49865],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,49846,157],{"class":156},[33,49848,133],{"class":47},[33,49850,49851],{"class":162},"repeat_text",[33,49853,133],{"class":47},[33,49855,80],{"class":79},[33,49857,49858],{"class":83},"Hi ",[33,49860,80],{"class":79},[33,49862,55],{"class":47},[33,49864,63],{"class":51},[33,49866,733],{"class":47},[33,49868,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891],{"class":35,"line":11747},[33,49870,157],{"class":156},[33,49872,133],{"class":47},[33,49874,49851],{"class":162},[33,49876,133],{"class":47},[33,49878,80],{"class":79},[33,49880,49858],{"class":83},[33,49882,80],{"class":79},[33,49884,55],{"class":47},[33,49886,91],{"class":79},[33,49888,2240],{"class":83},[33,49890,80],{"class":79},[33,49892,733],{"class":47},[14,49894,207],{},[23,49896,49898],{"className":25,"code":49897,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[30,49899,49900,49905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49901,49902],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49903,49904],{"class":39},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[33,49906,49907],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49908,49909],{"class":39},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49911,49912],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[664,49914,49916],{"id":49915},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[23,49918,49920],{"className":25,"code":49919,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[30,49921,49922,49954,49958,49974,49989,50006],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,49923,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,49925,2622],{"class":39},[33,49927,44],{"class":43},[33,49929,48],{"class":47},[33,49931,80],{"class":79},[33,49933,273],{"class":83},[33,49935,80],{"class":79},[33,49937,55],{"class":47},[33,49939,91],{"class":79},[33,49941,282],{"class":83},[33,49943,80],{"class":79},[33,49945,55],{"class":47},[33,49947,91],{"class":79},[33,49949,291],{"class":83},[33,49951,80],{"class":79},[33,49953,66],{"class":47},[33,49955,49956],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,49957,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,49959,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,49961,7156],{"class":4046},[33,49963,49766],{"class":156},[33,49965,133],{"class":47},[33,49967,2647],{"class":162},[33,49969,55],{"class":47},[33,49971,49058],{"class":129},[33,49973,8498],{"class":47},[33,49975,49976,49978,49980,49982,49985,49987],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,49977,8227],{"class":156},[33,49979,133],{"class":47},[33,49981,80],{"class":79},[33,49983,49984],{"class":83},"This is text",[33,49986,80],{"class":79},[33,49988,143],{"class":47},[33,49990,49991,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002,50004],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,49992,49993],{"class":4046},"elif",[33,49995,49766],{"class":156},[33,49997,133],{"class":47},[33,49999,2647],{"class":162},[33,50001,55],{"class":47},[33,50003,130],{"class":129},[33,50005,8498],{"class":47},[33,50007,50008,50010,50012,50014,50017,50019],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,50009,8227],{"class":156},[33,50011,133],{"class":47},[33,50013,80],{"class":79},[33,50015,50016],{"class":83},"This is a list",[33,50018,80],{"class":79},[33,50020,143],{"class":47},[14,50022,207],{},[23,50024,50026],{"className":25,"code":50025,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"This is a list\n",[30,50027,50028],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50029,50030,50033,50035,50037],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50031,50032],{"class":39},"This ",[33,50034,12346],{"class":43},[33,50036,44698],{"class":39},[33,50038,50039],{"class":129},"list\n",[664,50041,50043],{"id":50042},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[23,50045,50047],{"className":25,"code":50046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[30,50048,50049,50061,50065,50081,50095],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50050,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50052,2622],{"class":39},[33,50054,44],{"class":43},[33,50056,91],{"class":79},[33,50058,46680],{"class":83},[33,50060,3532],{"class":79},[33,50062,50063],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50064,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,50066,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50068,7156],{"class":4046},[33,50070,49766],{"class":156},[33,50072,133],{"class":47},[33,50074,2647],{"class":162},[33,50076,55],{"class":47},[33,50078,49058],{"class":129},[33,50080,8498],{"class":47},[33,50082,50083,50085,50087,50089,50091,50093],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50084,42043],{"class":39},[33,50086,44],{"class":43},[33,50088,45430],{"class":129},[33,50090,133],{"class":47},[33,50092,2647],{"class":162},[33,50094,143],{"class":47},[33,50096,50097,50099,50101,50103],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,50098,8227],{"class":156},[33,50100,133],{"class":47},[33,50102,2416],{"class":162},[33,50104,143],{"class":47},[14,50106,207],{},[23,50108,50109],{"className":25,"code":46766,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,50110,50111],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50112,50113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50114,46766],{"class":51},[14,50116,50117],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[664,50119,50121],{"id":50120},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[23,50123,50125],{"className":25,"code":50124,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[30,50126,50127,50151,50155,50171],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50128,50129,50131,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50130,2622],{"class":39},[33,50132,44],{"class":43},[33,50134,10644],{"class":47},[33,50136,80],{"class":79},[33,50138,7827],{"class":83},[33,50140,80],{"class":79},[33,50142,3061],{"class":47},[33,50144,91],{"class":79},[33,50146,84],{"class":83},[33,50148,80],{"class":79},[33,50150,9462],{"class":47},[33,50152,50153],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50154,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,50156,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50158,7156],{"class":4046},[33,50160,49766],{"class":156},[33,50162,133],{"class":47},[33,50164,2647],{"class":162},[33,50166,55],{"class":47},[33,50168,9326],{"class":129},[33,50170,8498],{"class":47},[33,50172,50173,50175,50177,50179,50181,50183,50185,50187],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50174,8227],{"class":156},[33,50176,133],{"class":47},[33,50178,2647],{"class":162},[33,50180,217],{"class":47},[33,50182,80],{"class":79},[33,50184,7827],{"class":83},[33,50186,80],{"class":79},[33,50188,4059],{"class":47},[14,50190,207],{},[23,50192,50194],{"className":25,"code":50193,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana\n",[30,50195,50196],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50197,50198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50199,50193],{"class":39},[14,50201,50202,50203,50205],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[30,50204,3181],{}," messages later.",[18,50207,1288],{"id":1287},[664,50209,50211,50212,1361,50215],{"id":50210},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[30,50213,50214],{},"\"int\"",[30,50216,2366],{},[14,50218,16796],{},[23,50220,50222],{"className":25,"code":50221,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[30,50223,50224,50232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50225,50226,50228,50230],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50227,2622],{"class":39},[33,50229,44],{"class":43},[33,50231,2762],{"class":51},[33,50233,50234,50236,50238,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50235,157],{"class":156},[33,50237,133],{"class":47},[33,50239,49029],{"class":156},[33,50241,133],{"class":47},[33,50243,2647],{"class":162},[33,50245,55],{"class":47},[33,50247,91],{"class":79},[33,50249,2366],{"class":83},[33,50251,80],{"class":79},[33,50253,733],{"class":47},[14,50255,50256,50258],{},[30,50257,50214],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50260,16808],{},[23,50262,50263],{"className":25,"code":49672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,50264,50265,50273],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50266,50267,50269,50271],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50268,2622],{"class":39},[33,50270,44],{"class":43},[33,50272,2762],{"class":51},[33,50274,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285,50287,50289],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50276,157],{"class":156},[33,50278,133],{"class":47},[33,50280,49029],{"class":156},[33,50282,133],{"class":47},[33,50284,2647],{"class":162},[33,50286,55],{"class":47},[33,50288,45430],{"class":129},[33,50290,733],{"class":47},[664,50292,50294],{"id":50293},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50296,16796],{},[23,50298,50300],{"className":25,"code":50299,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[30,50301,50302,50310],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50303,50304,50306,50308],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50305,2622],{"class":39},[33,50307,44],{"class":43},[33,50309,34998],{"class":51},[33,50311,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50313,157],{"class":156},[33,50315,133],{"class":47},[33,50317,49029],{"class":156},[33,50319,133],{"class":47},[33,50321,2647],{"class":162},[33,50323,55],{"class":47},[33,50325,48],{"class":47},[33,50327,2366],{"class":129},[33,50329,55],{"class":47},[33,50331,40410],{"class":129},[33,50333,3175],{"class":47},[14,50335,50336],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50338,16808],{},[23,50340,50342],{"className":25,"code":50341,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[30,50343,50344,50352],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50345,50346,50348,50350],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50347,2622],{"class":39},[33,50349,44],{"class":43},[33,50351,34998],{"class":51},[33,50353,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50355,157],{"class":156},[33,50357,133],{"class":47},[33,50359,49029],{"class":156},[33,50361,133],{"class":47},[33,50363,2647],{"class":162},[33,50365,55],{"class":47},[33,50367,1381],{"class":47},[33,50369,2366],{"class":129},[33,50371,55],{"class":47},[33,50373,40410],{"class":129},[33,50375,1890],{"class":47},[664,50377,25928,50379,50381],{"id":50378},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[30,50380,44959],{}," converts a value",[14,50383,19066],{},[23,50385,50387],{"className":25,"code":50386,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,50388,50389,50402,50420,50424],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50390,50391,50393,50395,50397,50400],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50392,2622],{"class":39},[33,50394,44],{"class":43},[33,50396,91],{"class":79},[33,50398,50399],{"class":83},"123",[33,50401,3532],{"class":79},[33,50403,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50405,1506],{"class":39},[33,50407,44],{"class":43},[33,50409,49766],{"class":156},[33,50411,133],{"class":47},[33,50413,2647],{"class":162},[33,50415,55],{"class":47},[33,50417,45430],{"class":129},[33,50419,143],{"class":47},[33,50421,50422],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50423,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,50425,50426,50428,50430,50432],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50427,157],{"class":156},[33,50429,133],{"class":47},[33,50431,1530],{"class":162},[33,50433,143],{"class":47},[14,50435,207],{},[23,50437,50438],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,50439,50440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50441,50442],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50443,4209],{"class":398},[14,50445,50446,50447,50450,50451,50453],{},"This does not convert ",[30,50448,50449],{},"\"123\""," into ",[30,50452,50399],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50455,50456,50457,6789],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[30,50458,50459],{},"int(value)",[664,50461,50463],{"id":50462},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50465,50466,50468],{},[30,50467,44959],{}," does not modify anything.",[23,50470,50472],{"className":25,"code":50471,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[30,50473,50474,50486,50490,50508],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50475,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50477,2622],{"class":39},[33,50479,44],{"class":43},[33,50481,91],{"class":79},[33,50483,13711],{"class":83},[33,50485,3532],{"class":79},[33,50487,50488],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50489,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,50491,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50493,157],{"class":156},[33,50495,133],{"class":47},[33,50497,49029],{"class":156},[33,50499,133],{"class":47},[33,50501,2647],{"class":162},[33,50503,55],{"class":47},[33,50505,49058],{"class":129},[33,50507,733],{"class":47},[33,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50511,157],{"class":156},[33,50513,133],{"class":47},[33,50515,2647],{"class":162},[33,50517,143],{"class":47},[14,50519,207],{},[23,50521,50523],{"className":25,"code":50522,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\n100\n",[30,50524,50525,50529],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50526,50527],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50528,4148],{"class":398},[33,50530,50531],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50532,47416],{"class":51},[14,50534,50535],{},"The value stays the same.",[18,50537,26096],{"id":26095},[14,50539,50540],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[23,50542,50544],{"className":25,"code":50543,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[30,50545,50546,50560,50578,50602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50547,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50549,157],{"class":156},[33,50551,133],{"class":47},[33,50553,1406],{"class":129},[33,50555,133],{"class":47},[33,50557,2647],{"class":162},[33,50559,733],{"class":47},[33,50561,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50563,157],{"class":156},[33,50565,133],{"class":47},[33,50567,49029],{"class":156},[33,50569,133],{"class":47},[33,50571,2647],{"class":162},[33,50573,55],{"class":47},[33,50575,45430],{"class":129},[33,50577,733],{"class":47},[33,50579,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50581,157],{"class":156},[33,50583,133],{"class":47},[33,50585,49029],{"class":156},[33,50587,133],{"class":47},[33,50589,2647],{"class":162},[33,50591,55],{"class":47},[33,50593,1381],{"class":47},[33,50595,2366],{"class":129},[33,50597,55],{"class":47},[33,50599,40410],{"class":129},[33,50601,1890],{"class":47},[33,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50605,157],{"class":156},[33,50607,133],{"class":47},[33,50609,41932],{"class":156},[33,50611,133],{"class":47},[33,50613,2647],{"class":162},[33,50615,733],{"class":47},[14,50617,50618],{},"These can help when:",[316,50620,50621,50624,50629,50632],{},[319,50622,50623],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[319,50625,50626,50627],{},"you are getting a ",[30,50628,3181],{},[319,50630,50631],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[319,50633,50634,50635,50637],{},"the second argument to ",[30,50636,44959],{}," is invalid",[14,50639,50640],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[316,50642,50643,50657,50663,50668],{},[319,50644,50645,50646,453,50649,50652,50653,453,50655],{},"using ",[30,50647,50648],{},"'int'",[30,50650,50651],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[30,50654,2366],{},[30,50656,3617],{},[319,50658,50659,50660,50662],{},"expecting ",[30,50661,44959],{}," to convert a value",[319,50664,50645,50665,50667],{},[30,50666,2478],{}," when inherited types should also match",[319,50669,50670],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50672,50673,50674,310],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[273,50675,50677,50678],{"href":50676},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[30,50679,50680],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[18,50682,1961],{"id":1960},[664,50684,2007,50686,5309],{"id":50685},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[30,50687,44959],{},[14,50689,5312,50690,50692,50693,310],{},[30,50691,3777],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[30,50694,3844],{},[664,50696,5334,50698,50700],{"id":50697},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[30,50699,44959],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50702,50703,50704,310],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[30,50705,50706],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[664,50708,2027,50710,2030,50712,2033],{"id":50709},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[30,50711,44959],{},[30,50713,2478],{},[14,50715,50716,50718,50719,50721],{},[30,50717,2478],{}," gives the exact type. ",[30,50720,44959],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[664,50723,12857,50725,50727],{"id":50724},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[30,50726,44959],{}," convert a value?",[14,50729,50730],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[18,50732,2045],{"id":2044},[316,50734,50735,50741,50745,50750,50755],{},[319,50736,50737],{},[273,50738,2076,50739,3683],{"href":2475},[30,50740,2478],{},[319,50742,50743],{},[273,50744,44951],{"href":49131},[319,50746,50747],{},[273,50748,50749],{"href":3138},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[319,50751,50752],{},[273,50753,50754],{"href":49134},"What is a data type in Python?",[319,50756,50757],{},[273,50758,50677,50759],{"href":50676},[30,50760,50680],{},[2097,50762,50763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":50765},[50766,50767,50769,50772,50776,50777,50782,50788,50796,50797,50807],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":49071,"depth":69,"text":50768},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":50770},[50771],{"id":49162,"depth":110,"text":49163},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627,"children":50773},[50774,50775],{"id":49250,"depth":110,"text":49251},{"id":49321,"depth":110,"text":49322},{"id":49408,"depth":69,"text":49409},{"id":49605,"depth":69,"text":50778,"children":50779},"isinstance() vs type()",[50780,50781],{"id":49621,"depth":110,"text":49624},{"id":49663,"depth":110,"text":49666},{"id":49724,"depth":69,"text":49725,"children":50783},[50784,50785,50786,50787],{"id":49733,"depth":110,"text":49734},{"id":49915,"depth":110,"text":49916},{"id":50042,"depth":110,"text":50043},{"id":50120,"depth":110,"text":50121},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":50789},[50790,50792,50793,50795],{"id":50210,"depth":110,"text":50791},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50293,"depth":110,"text":50294},{"id":50378,"depth":110,"text":50794},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50462,"depth":110,"text":50463},{"id":26095,"depth":69,"text":26096},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":50798},[50799,50801,50803,50805],{"id":50685,"depth":110,"text":50800},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50697,"depth":110,"text":50802},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50709,"depth":110,"text":50804},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50724,"depth":110,"text":50806},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48972,"description":50808},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50814,"title":50815,"body":50816,"description":52787,"extension":2138,"meta":52788,"navigation":149,"path":52789,"seo":52790,"stem":52791,"__hash__":52792},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50817,"toc":52762},[50818,50821,50826,50831,50845,50848,50850,50925,50930,50934,50939,50942,50956,50958,51124,51136,51138,51140,51155,51158,51161,51174,51176,51274,51278,51284,51287,51296,51298,51333,51338,51359,51364,51369,51401,51404,51461,51465,51471,51474,51527,51529,51569,51572,51640,51643,51694,51701,51705,51711,51796,51802,51808,51857,51860,51863,51913,51915,51920,51924,51974,51978,52025,52029,52106,52110,52175,52178,52182,52187,52192,52203,52205,52224,52230,52233,52252,52257,52284,52291,52295,52301,52304,52399,52402,52405,52454,52459,52461,52465,52500,52503,52560,52570,52573,52607,52610,52612,52616,52619,52623,52626,52630,52633,52637,52650,52654,52659,52661,52711,52723,52725,52759],[10,50819,50815],{"id":50820},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50822,9279,50823,50825],{},[30,50824,42514],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50827,35562,50828,50830],{},[30,50829,42514],{}," to count:",[316,50832,50833,50836,50839,50842],{},[319,50834,50835],{},"characters in a string",[319,50837,50838],{},"items in a list or tuple",[319,50840,50841],{},"keys in a dictionary",[319,50843,50844],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50846,50847],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[18,50849,2180],{"id":2179},[23,50851,50853],{"className":25,"code":50852,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[30,50854,50855,50867,50887,50891,50908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50856,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50858,34843],{"class":39},[33,50860,44],{"class":43},[33,50862,91],{"class":79},[33,50864,545],{"class":83},[33,50866,3532],{"class":79},[33,50868,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50870,377],{"class":39},[33,50872,44],{"class":43},[33,50874,48],{"class":47},[33,50876,538],{"class":51},[33,50878,55],{"class":47},[33,50880,7949],{"class":51},[33,50882,55],{"class":47},[33,50884,7954],{"class":51},[33,50886,66],{"class":47},[33,50888,50889],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,50890,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,50894,157],{"class":156},[33,50896,133],{"class":47},[33,50898,726],{"class":156},[33,50900,133],{"class":47},[33,50902,34864],{"class":162},[33,50904,5522],{"class":47},[33,50906,50907],{"class":1308},"   # 5\n",[33,50909,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918,50920,50922],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,50911,157],{"class":156},[33,50913,133],{"class":47},[33,50915,726],{"class":156},[33,50917,133],{"class":47},[33,50919,414],{"class":162},[33,50921,5522],{"class":47},[33,50923,50924],{"class":1308},"  # 3\n",[14,50926,672,50927,50929],{},[30,50928,42514],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[18,50931,50933],{"id":50932},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50935,50936,50938],{},[30,50937,42514],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50940,50941],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[316,50943,50944,50947,50950,50953],{},[319,50945,50946],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[319,50948,50949],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[319,50951,50952],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[319,50954,50955],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50957,367],{},[23,50959,50961],{"className":25,"code":50960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[30,50962,50963,50975,51000,51032,51052,51056,51073,51090,51107],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,50964,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,50966,8034],{"class":39},[33,50968,44],{"class":43},[33,50970,91],{"class":79},[33,50972,7836],{"class":83},[33,50974,3532],{"class":79},[33,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50998],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,50978,40],{"class":39},[33,50980,44],{"class":43},[33,50982,48],{"class":47},[33,50984,538],{"class":51},[33,50986,55],{"class":47},[33,50988,7949],{"class":51},[33,50990,55],{"class":47},[33,50992,7954],{"class":51},[33,50994,55],{"class":47},[33,50996,50997],{"class":51}," 40",[33,50999,66],{"class":47},[33,51001,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51003,1181],{"class":39},[33,51005,44],{"class":43},[33,51007,10644],{"class":47},[33,51009,80],{"class":79},[33,51011,273],{"class":83},[33,51013,80],{"class":79},[33,51015,3061],{"class":47},[33,51017,1119],{"class":51},[33,51019,55],{"class":47},[33,51021,91],{"class":79},[33,51023,282],{"class":83},[33,51025,80],{"class":79},[33,51027,3061],{"class":47},[33,51029,58],{"class":51},[33,51031,9462],{"class":47},[33,51033,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51035,1071],{"class":39},[33,51037,44],{"class":43},[33,51039,10644],{"class":47},[33,51041,1085],{"class":51},[33,51043,55],{"class":47},[33,51045,37798],{"class":51},[33,51047,55],{"class":47},[33,51049,6153],{"class":51},[33,51051,9462],{"class":47},[33,51053,51054],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,51055,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51057,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,51059,157],{"class":156},[33,51061,133],{"class":47},[33,51063,726],{"class":156},[33,51065,133],{"class":47},[33,51067,7827],{"class":162},[33,51069,5522],{"class":47},[33,51071,51072],{"class":1308},"     # 3\n",[33,51074,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,51076,157],{"class":156},[33,51078,133],{"class":47},[33,51080,726],{"class":156},[33,51082,133],{"class":47},[33,51084,163],{"class":162},[33,51086,5522],{"class":47},[33,51088,51089],{"class":1308},"  # 4\n",[33,51091,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,51093,157],{"class":156},[33,51095,133],{"class":47},[33,51097,726],{"class":156},[33,51099,133],{"class":47},[33,51101,1230],{"class":162},[33,51103,5522],{"class":47},[33,51105,51106],{"class":1308},"     # 2\n",[33,51108,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,51110,157],{"class":156},[33,51112,133],{"class":47},[33,51114,726],{"class":156},[33,51116,133],{"class":47},[33,51118,1096],{"class":162},[33,51120,5522],{"class":47},[33,51122,51123],{"class":1308},"   # 3\n",[14,51125,51126,51127,1931,51131,1938,51134,310],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[273,51128,51130],{"href":51129},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[273,51132,51133],{"href":451},"Python lists explained",[273,51135,9312],{"href":9311},[18,51137,2334],{"id":2333},[14,51139,2337],{},[23,51141,51143],{"className":25,"code":51142,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"len(object)\n",[30,51144,51145],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51146,51147,51149,51151,51153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51148,726],{"class":156},[33,51150,133],{"class":47},[33,51152,42552],{"class":129},[33,51154,143],{"class":47},[14,51156,51157],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51159,51160],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[316,51162,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171],{},[319,51164,38062],{},[319,51166,38056],{},[319,51168,38059],{},[319,51170,38065],{},[319,51172,51173],{},"a dictionary",[14,51175,367],{},[23,51177,51179],{"className":25,"code":51178,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[30,51180,51181,51202,51226,51248],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51182,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51184,157],{"class":156},[33,51186,133],{"class":47},[33,51188,726],{"class":156},[33,51190,133],{"class":47},[33,51192,80],{"class":79},[33,51194,27],{"class":83},[33,51196,80],{"class":79},[33,51198,5522],{"class":47},[33,51200,51201],{"class":1308},"      # 6\n",[33,51203,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222,51224],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51205,157],{"class":156},[33,51207,133],{"class":47},[33,51209,726],{"class":156},[33,51211,3162],{"class":47},[33,51213,52],{"class":51},[33,51215,55],{"class":47},[33,51217,58],{"class":51},[33,51219,55],{"class":47},[33,51221,63],{"class":51},[33,51223,4901],{"class":47},[33,51225,51072],{"class":1308},[33,51227,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51245],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51229,157],{"class":156},[33,51231,133],{"class":47},[33,51233,726],{"class":156},[33,51235,1010],{"class":47},[33,51237,538],{"class":51},[33,51239,55],{"class":47},[33,51241,7949],{"class":51},[33,51243,51244],{"class":47},")))",[33,51246,51247],{"class":1308},"      # 2\n",[33,51249,51250,51252,51254,51256,51258,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51271],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51251,157],{"class":156},[33,51253,133],{"class":47},[33,51255,726],{"class":156},[33,51257,5688],{"class":47},[33,51259,80],{"class":79},[33,51261,2351],{"class":83},[33,51263,80],{"class":79},[33,51265,3061],{"class":47},[33,51267,1119],{"class":51},[33,51269,51270],{"class":47},"}))",[33,51272,51273],{"class":1308},"      # 1\n",[18,51275,51277],{"id":51276},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51279,51280,51281,51283],{},"When you use ",[30,51282,42514],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51285,51286],{},"That includes:",[316,51288,51289,51291,51293],{},[319,51290,199],{},[319,51292,10605],{},[319,51294,51295],{},"punctuation",[14,51297,367],{},[23,51299,51301],{"className":25,"code":51300,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[30,51302,51303,51316],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51304,51305,51307,51309,51311,51314],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51306,34843],{"class":39},[33,51308,44],{"class":43},[33,51310,91],{"class":79},[33,51312,51313],{"class":83},"Hi there!",[33,51315,3532],{"class":79},[33,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51319,157],{"class":156},[33,51321,133],{"class":47},[33,51323,726],{"class":156},[33,51325,133],{"class":47},[33,51327,34864],{"class":162},[33,51329,5522],{"class":47},[33,51331,51332],{"class":1308},"  # 9\n",[14,51334,51335,51336,2033],{},"Why is the result ",[30,51337,2320],{},[316,51339,51340,51346,51350,51353],{},[319,51341,51342,51345],{},[30,51343,51344],{},"H"," = 1",[319,51347,51348,51345],{},[30,51349,36308],{},[319,51351,51352],{},"space = 1",[319,51354,51355,51358],{},[30,51356,51357],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51360,51361,51362],{},"Total: ",[30,51363,2320],{},[14,51365,51366,51367,3061],{},"An empty string has length ",[30,51368,1114],{},[23,51370,51372],{"className":25,"code":51371,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[30,51373,51374,51383],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51375,51376,51379,51381],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51377,51378],{"class":39},"empty_text ",[33,51380,44],{"class":43},[33,51382,8039],{"class":79},[33,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51396,51398],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51386,157],{"class":156},[33,51388,133],{"class":47},[33,51390,726],{"class":156},[33,51392,133],{"class":47},[33,51394,51395],{"class":162},"empty_text",[33,51397,5522],{"class":47},[33,51399,51400],{"class":1308},"  # 0\n",[14,51402,51403],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[23,51405,51407],{"className":25,"code":51406,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[30,51408,51409,51422,51426,51446],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51410,51411,51414,51416,51418,51420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51412,51413],{"class":39},"user_name ",[33,51415,44],{"class":43},[33,51417,91],{"class":79},[33,51419,5169],{"class":83},[33,51421,3532],{"class":79},[33,51423,51424],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51425,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51427,51428,51430,51432,51434,51437,51439,51442,51444],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51429,7156],{"class":4046},[33,51431,38540],{"class":156},[33,51433,133],{"class":47},[33,51435,51436],{"class":162},"user_name",[33,51438,3831],{"class":47},[33,51440,51441],{"class":43}," >=",[33,51443,63],{"class":51},[33,51445,6553],{"class":47},[33,51447,51448,51450,51452,51454,51457,51459],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51449,8227],{"class":156},[33,51451,133],{"class":47},[33,51453,80],{"class":79},[33,51455,51456],{"class":83},"Name is long enough",[33,51458,80],{"class":79},[33,51460,143],{"class":47},[18,51462,51464],{"id":51463},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51466,51467,51468,51470],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[30,51469,42514],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51472,51473],{},"Example with a list:",[23,51475,51477],{"className":25,"code":51476,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[30,51478,51479,51511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51480,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507,51509],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51482,13229],{"class":39},[33,51484,44],{"class":43},[33,51486,48],{"class":47},[33,51488,80],{"class":79},[33,51490,13246],{"class":83},[33,51492,80],{"class":79},[33,51494,55],{"class":47},[33,51496,91],{"class":79},[33,51498,17608],{"class":83},[33,51500,80],{"class":79},[33,51502,55],{"class":47},[33,51504,91],{"class":79},[33,51506,13263],{"class":83},[33,51508,80],{"class":79},[33,51510,66],{"class":47},[33,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51514,157],{"class":156},[33,51516,133],{"class":47},[33,51518,726],{"class":156},[33,51520,133],{"class":47},[33,51522,17655],{"class":162},[33,51524,5522],{"class":47},[33,51526,50924],{"class":1308},[14,51528,38071],{},[23,51530,51532],{"className":25,"code":51531,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[30,51533,51534,51551],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51535,51536,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51537,51538],{"class":39},"point ",[33,51540,44],{"class":43},[33,51542,1381],{"class":47},[33,51544,538],{"class":51},[33,51546,55],{"class":47},[33,51548,7949],{"class":51},[33,51550,143],{"class":47},[33,51552,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51564,51566],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51554,157],{"class":156},[33,51556,133],{"class":47},[33,51558,726],{"class":156},[33,51560,133],{"class":47},[33,51562,51563],{"class":162},"point",[33,51565,5522],{"class":47},[33,51567,51568],{"class":1308},"  # 2\n",[14,51570,51571],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[23,51573,51575],{"className":25,"code":51574,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[30,51576,51577,51601,51605,51623],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51578,51579,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51580,377],{"class":39},[33,51582,44],{"class":43},[33,51584,48],{"class":47},[33,51586,80],{"class":79},[33,51588,386],{"class":83},[33,51590,80],{"class":79},[33,51592,55],{"class":47},[33,51594,91],{"class":79},[33,51596,4255],{"class":83},[33,51598,80],{"class":79},[33,51600,66],{"class":47},[33,51602,51603],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51604,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51606,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51608,7156],{"class":4046},[33,51610,38540],{"class":156},[33,51612,133],{"class":47},[33,51614,414],{"class":162},[33,51616,3831],{"class":47},[33,51618,38550],{"class":43},[33,51620,1119],{"class":51},[33,51622,6553],{"class":47},[33,51624,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635,51637],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51626,8227],{"class":156},[33,51628,133],{"class":47},[33,51630,414],{"class":162},[33,51632,217],{"class":47},[33,51634,52],{"class":51},[33,51636,20599],{"class":47},[33,51638,51639],{"class":1308},"  # banana\n",[14,51641,51642],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[23,51644,51646],{"className":25,"code":51645,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[30,51647,51648,51671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51649,51650,51652,51654,51656,51659,51661,51664,51666,51669],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51651,5228],{"class":39},[33,51653,44],{"class":43},[33,51655,48],{"class":47},[33,51657,51658],{"class":51},"88",[33,51660,55],{"class":47},[33,51662,51663],{"class":51}," 91",[33,51665,55],{"class":47},[33,51667,51668],{"class":51}," 75",[33,51670,66],{"class":47},[33,51672,51673,51675,51677,51679,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51674,157],{"class":156},[33,51676,133],{"class":47},[33,51678,80],{"class":79},[33,51680,51681],{"class":83},"Number of scores:",[33,51683,80],{"class":79},[33,51685,55],{"class":47},[33,51687,38540],{"class":156},[33,51689,133],{"class":47},[33,51691,16541],{"class":162},[33,51693,733],{"class":47},[14,51695,51696,51697,310],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[273,51698,51700],{"href":51699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[18,51702,51704],{"id":51703},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51706,51707,51708,51710],{},"For dictionaries, ",[30,51709,42514],{}," counts keys.",[23,51712,51714],{"className":25,"code":51713,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[30,51715,51716,51724,51742,51756,51772,51776,51780],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51717,51718,51720,51722],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51719,13017],{"class":39},[33,51721,44],{"class":43},[33,51723,11645],{"class":47},[33,51725,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51727,11650],{"class":79},[33,51729,7827],{"class":83},[33,51731,80],{"class":79},[33,51733,3061],{"class":47},[33,51735,91],{"class":79},[33,51737,8079],{"class":83},[33,51739,80],{"class":79},[33,51741,11666],{"class":47},[33,51743,51744,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51745,11650],{"class":79},[33,51747,9453],{"class":83},[33,51749,80],{"class":79},[33,51751,3061],{"class":47},[33,51753,31097],{"class":51},[33,51755,11666],{"class":47},[33,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51770],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51759,11650],{"class":79},[33,51761,20044],{"class":83},[33,51763,80],{"class":79},[33,51765,3061],{"class":47},[33,51767,91],{"class":79},[33,51769,22399],{"class":83},[33,51771,3532],{"class":79},[33,51773,51774],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,51775,9462],{"class":47},[33,51777,51778],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,51779,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51781,51782,51784,51786,51788,51790,51792,51794],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,51783,157],{"class":156},[33,51785,133],{"class":47},[33,51787,726],{"class":156},[33,51789,133],{"class":47},[33,51791,13779],{"class":162},[33,51793,5522],{"class":47},[33,51795,50924],{"class":1308},[14,51797,51798,51799,51801],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[30,51800,42514],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51803,51804,51805,51807],{},"For sets, ",[30,51806,42514],{}," counts unique items:",[23,51809,51811],{"className":25,"code":51810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[30,51812,51813,51841],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51814,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51816,40],{"class":39},[33,51818,44],{"class":43},[33,51820,10644],{"class":47},[33,51822,52],{"class":51},[33,51824,55],{"class":47},[33,51826,58],{"class":51},[33,51828,55],{"class":47},[33,51830,63],{"class":51},[33,51832,55],{"class":47},[33,51834,63],{"class":51},[33,51836,55],{"class":47},[33,51838,58],{"class":51},[33,51840,9462],{"class":47},[33,51842,51843,51845,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51844,157],{"class":156},[33,51846,133],{"class":47},[33,51848,726],{"class":156},[33,51850,133],{"class":47},[33,51852,163],{"class":162},[33,51854,5522],{"class":47},[33,51856,50924],{"class":1308},[14,51858,51859],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51861,51862],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[23,51864,51866],{"className":25,"code":51865,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[30,51867,51868,51876,51880,51898],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51869,51870,51872,51874],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51871,1181],{"class":39},[33,51873,44],{"class":43},[33,51875,9991],{"class":47},[33,51877,51878],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51879,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51881,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51883,7156],{"class":4046},[33,51885,38540],{"class":156},[33,51887,133],{"class":47},[33,51889,1230],{"class":162},[33,51891,3831],{"class":47},[33,51893,6568],{"class":43},[33,51895,4004],{"class":51},[33,51897,6553],{"class":47},[33,51899,51900,51902,51904,51906,51909,51911],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51901,8227],{"class":156},[33,51903,133],{"class":47},[33,51905,80],{"class":79},[33,51907,51908],{"class":83},"The dictionary is empty",[33,51910,80],{"class":79},[33,51912,143],{"class":47},[18,51914,41199],{"id":41198},[14,51916,51917,51918,310],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[30,51919,42514],{},[664,51921,51923],{"id":51922},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[23,51925,51927],{"className":25,"code":51926,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[30,51928,51929,51937,51941,51959],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51930,51931,51933,51935],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51932,377],{"class":39},[33,51934,44],{"class":43},[33,51936,118],{"class":47},[33,51938,51939],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,51940,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,51942,51943,51945,51947,51949,51951,51953,51955,51957],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,51944,7156],{"class":4046},[33,51946,38540],{"class":156},[33,51948,133],{"class":47},[33,51950,414],{"class":162},[33,51952,3831],{"class":47},[33,51954,6568],{"class":43},[33,51956,4004],{"class":51},[33,51958,6553],{"class":47},[33,51960,51961,51963,51965,51967,51970,51972],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,51962,8227],{"class":156},[33,51964,133],{"class":47},[33,51966,80],{"class":79},[33,51968,51969],{"class":83},"The list is empty",[33,51971,80],{"class":79},[33,51973,143],{"class":47},[664,51975,51977],{"id":51976},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[23,51979,51981],{"className":25,"code":51980,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[30,51982,51983,52002],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51998,52000],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,51986,6313],{"class":39},[33,51988,44],{"class":43},[33,51990,8400],{"class":156},[33,51992,133],{"class":47},[33,51994,80],{"class":79},[33,51996,51997],{"class":83},"Enter a word: ",[33,51999,80],{"class":79},[33,52001,143],{"class":47},[33,52003,52004,52006,52008,52010,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52005,157],{"class":156},[33,52007,133],{"class":47},[33,52009,80],{"class":79},[33,52011,52012],{"class":83},"Number of characters:",[33,52014,80],{"class":79},[33,52016,55],{"class":47},[33,52018,38540],{"class":156},[33,52020,133],{"class":47},[33,52022,38545],{"class":162},[33,52024,733],{"class":47},[664,52026,52028],{"id":52027},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[23,52030,52032],{"className":25,"code":52031,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[30,52033,52034,52048,52052,52070,52085,52091],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52035,52036,52039,52041,52043,52046],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52037,52038],{"class":39},"password ",[33,52040,44],{"class":43},[33,52042,91],{"class":79},[33,52044,52045],{"class":83},"secret123",[33,52047,3532],{"class":79},[33,52049,52050],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52051,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,52053,52054,52056,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,52055,7156],{"class":4046},[33,52057,38540],{"class":156},[33,52059,133],{"class":47},[33,52061,17774],{"class":162},[33,52063,3831],{"class":47},[33,52065,51441],{"class":43},[33,52067,6519],{"class":51},[33,52069,6553],{"class":47},[33,52071,52072,52074,52076,52078,52081,52083],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,52073,8227],{"class":156},[33,52075,133],{"class":47},[33,52077,80],{"class":79},[33,52079,52080],{"class":83},"Password length is valid",[33,52082,80],{"class":79},[33,52084,143],{"class":47},[33,52086,52087,52089],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,52088,27586],{"class":4046},[33,52090,6553],{"class":47},[33,52092,52093,52095,52097,52099,52102,52104],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,52094,8227],{"class":156},[33,52096,133],{"class":47},[33,52098,80],{"class":79},[33,52100,52101],{"class":83},"Password is too short",[33,52103,80],{"class":79},[33,52105,143],{"class":47},[664,52107,52109],{"id":52108},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[23,52111,52113],{"className":25,"code":52112,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[30,52114,52115,52151],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52116,52117,52120,52122,52124,52126,52129,52131,52133,52135,52138,52140,52142,52144,52147,52149],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52118,52119],{"class":39},"results ",[33,52121,44],{"class":43},[33,52123,48],{"class":47},[33,52125,80],{"class":79},[33,52127,52128],{"class":83},"item1",[33,52130,80],{"class":79},[33,52132,55],{"class":47},[33,52134,91],{"class":79},[33,52136,52137],{"class":83},"item2",[33,52139,80],{"class":79},[33,52141,55],{"class":47},[33,52143,91],{"class":79},[33,52145,52146],{"class":83},"item3",[33,52148,80],{"class":79},[33,52150,66],{"class":47},[33,52152,52153,52155,52157,52159,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52173],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52154,157],{"class":156},[33,52156,133],{"class":47},[33,52158,80],{"class":79},[33,52160,52161],{"class":83},"Items found:",[33,52163,80],{"class":79},[33,52165,55],{"class":47},[33,52167,38540],{"class":156},[33,52169,133],{"class":47},[33,52171,52172],{"class":162},"results",[33,52174,733],{"class":47},[14,52176,52177],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[18,52179,52181],{"id":52180},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52183,52184,52186],{},[30,52185,42514],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52188,52189,52190,3061],{},"These will raise a ",[30,52191,3181],{},[316,52193,52194,52197,52199],{},[319,52195,52196],{},"plain integers",[319,52198,1165],{},[319,52200,52201],{},[30,52202,3950],{},[14,52204,367],{},[23,52206,52208],{"className":25,"code":52207,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(len(5))\n",[30,52209,52210],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52211,52212,52214,52216,52218,52220,52222],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52213,157],{"class":156},[33,52215,133],{"class":47},[33,52217,726],{"class":156},[33,52219,133],{"class":47},[33,52221,1085],{"class":51},[33,52223,733],{"class":47},[14,52225,52226,52227,52229],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[30,52228,1085],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52231,52232],{},"Another example:",[23,52234,52236],{"className":25,"code":52235,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(len(3.14))\n",[30,52237,52238],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52239,52240,52242,52244,52246,52248,52250],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52241,157],{"class":156},[33,52243,133],{"class":47},[33,52245,726],{"class":156},[33,52247,133],{"class":47},[33,52249,40298],{"class":51},[33,52251,733],{"class":47},[14,52253,52254,52255,3061],{},"And with ",[30,52256,3950],{},[23,52258,52260],{"className":25,"code":52259,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[30,52261,52262,52270],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52263,52264,52266,52268],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52265,2622],{"class":39},[33,52267,44],{"class":43},[33,52269,48681],{"class":398},[33,52271,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52273,157],{"class":156},[33,52275,133],{"class":47},[33,52277,726],{"class":156},[33,52279,133],{"class":47},[33,52281,2647],{"class":162},[33,52283,733],{"class":47},[14,52285,52286,52287,310],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[273,52288,52290],{"href":52289},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[18,52292,52294],{"id":52293},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52296,52297,52298,52300],{},"Before using ",[30,52299,42514],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52302,52303],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[23,52305,52307],{"className":25,"code":52306,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[30,52308,52309,52317,52321,52331,52345,52363,52381],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52310,52311,52313,52315],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52312,2622],{"class":39},[33,52314,44],{"class":43},[33,52316,48681],{"class":398},[33,52318,52319],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52320,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,52322,52323,52325,52327,52329],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,52324,157],{"class":156},[33,52326,133],{"class":47},[33,52328,2647],{"class":162},[33,52330,143],{"class":47},[33,52332,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,52334,157],{"class":156},[33,52336,133],{"class":47},[33,52338,1406],{"class":129},[33,52340,133],{"class":47},[33,52342,2647],{"class":162},[33,52344,733],{"class":47},[33,52346,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,52348,157],{"class":156},[33,52350,133],{"class":47},[33,52352,49029],{"class":156},[33,52354,133],{"class":47},[33,52356,2647],{"class":162},[33,52358,55],{"class":47},[33,52360,49058],{"class":129},[33,52362,733],{"class":47},[33,52364,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,52366,157],{"class":156},[33,52368,133],{"class":47},[33,52370,49029],{"class":156},[33,52372,133],{"class":47},[33,52374,2647],{"class":162},[33,52376,55],{"class":47},[33,52378,130],{"class":129},[33,52380,733],{"class":47},[33,52382,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,52384,157],{"class":156},[33,52386,133],{"class":47},[33,52388,49029],{"class":156},[33,52390,133],{"class":47},[33,52392,2647],{"class":162},[33,52394,55],{"class":47},[33,52396,9326],{"class":129},[33,52398,733],{"class":47},[14,52400,52401],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52403,52404],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[23,52406,52408],{"className":25,"code":52407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[30,52409,52410,52422,52426,52440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52411,52412,52414,52416,52418,52420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52413,2622],{"class":39},[33,52415,44],{"class":43},[33,52417,91],{"class":79},[33,52419,545],{"class":83},[33,52421,3532],{"class":79},[33,52423,52424],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52425,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,52427,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,52429,7156],{"class":4046},[33,52431,21738],{"class":39},[33,52433,12346],{"class":43},[33,52435,8257],{"class":43},[33,52437,4022],{"class":398},[33,52439,6553],{"class":47},[33,52441,52442,52444,52446,52448,52450,52452],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,52443,8227],{"class":156},[33,52445,133],{"class":47},[33,52447,726],{"class":156},[33,52449,133],{"class":47},[33,52451,2647],{"class":162},[33,52453,733],{"class":47},[14,52455,52456,52457,310],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[273,52458,8598],{"href":2475},[18,52460,3006],{"id":3005},[14,52462,23248,52463,3061],{},[30,52464,42514],{},[316,52466,52467,52475,52483,52491,52497],{},[319,52468,1357,52469,52471,52472],{},[30,52470,42514],{}," on an integer like ",[30,52473,52474],{},"len(5)",[319,52476,1357,52477,52479,52480],{},[30,52478,42514],{}," on a float like ",[30,52481,52482],{},"len(3.14)",[319,52484,1357,52485,52487,52488,52490],{},[30,52486,42514],{}," on ",[30,52489,3950],{}," after a function returns nothing",[319,52492,4744,52493,52496],{},[30,52494,52495],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[319,52498,52499],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52501,52502],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[23,52504,52506],{"className":25,"code":52505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[30,52507,52508,52544],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52509,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52511,13358],{"class":39},[33,52513,44],{"class":43},[33,52515,10644],{"class":47},[33,52517,80],{"class":79},[33,52519,7827],{"class":83},[33,52521,80],{"class":79},[33,52523,3061],{"class":47},[33,52525,91],{"class":79},[33,52527,84],{"class":83},[33,52529,80],{"class":79},[33,52531,55],{"class":47},[33,52533,91],{"class":79},[33,52535,9453],{"class":83},[33,52537,80],{"class":79},[33,52539,3061],{"class":47},[33,52541,7949],{"class":51},[33,52543,9462],{"class":47},[33,52545,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52547,157],{"class":156},[33,52549,133],{"class":47},[33,52551,726],{"class":156},[33,52553,133],{"class":47},[33,52555,17459],{"class":162},[33,52557,5522],{"class":47},[33,52559,51568],{"class":1308},[14,52561,37749,52562,52564,52565,2030,52567,310],{},[30,52563,2234],{}," because there are two keys: ",[30,52566,15392],{},[30,52568,52569],{},"\"age\"",[14,52571,52572],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[23,52574,52576],{"className":25,"code":52575,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[30,52577,52578,52591],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52579,52580,52582,52584,52586,52589],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52581,34843],{"class":39},[33,52583,44],{"class":43},[33,52585,91],{"class":79},[33,52587,52588],{"class":83},"a b",[33,52590,3532],{"class":79},[33,52592,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52594,157],{"class":156},[33,52596,133],{"class":47},[33,52598,726],{"class":156},[33,52600,133],{"class":47},[33,52602,34864],{"class":162},[33,52604,5522],{"class":47},[33,52606,50924],{"class":1308},[14,52608,52609],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[18,52611,1961],{"id":1960},[664,52613,52615],{"id":52614},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52617,52618],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[664,52620,52622],{"id":52621},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52624,52625],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[664,52627,52629],{"id":52628},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52631,52632],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[664,52634,52636],{"id":52635},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52638,52639,52640,52642,52643,453,52645,52647,52648,310],{},"No. Using ",[30,52641,42514],{}," on an ",[30,52644,2366],{},[30,52646,2369],{}," raises a ",[30,52649,3181],{},[664,52651,52653],{"id":52652},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52655,7922,52656,310],{},[30,52657,52658],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52660,367],{},[23,52662,52664],{"className":25,"code":52663,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[30,52665,52666,52674,52678,52696],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52667,52668,52670,52672],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52669,698],{"class":39},[33,52671,44],{"class":43},[33,52673,118],{"class":47},[33,52675,52676],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52677,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,52679,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,52681,7156],{"class":4046},[33,52683,38540],{"class":156},[33,52685,133],{"class":47},[33,52687,715],{"class":162},[33,52689,3831],{"class":47},[33,52691,6568],{"class":43},[33,52693,4004],{"class":51},[33,52695,6553],{"class":47},[33,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704,52707,52709],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,52699,8227],{"class":156},[33,52701,133],{"class":47},[33,52703,80],{"class":79},[33,52705,52706],{"class":83},"Empty list",[33,52708,80],{"class":79},[33,52710,143],{"class":47},[14,52712,52713,52714,52716,52717,52719,52720,52722],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[30,52715,3844],{}," in an ",[30,52718,7156],{}," statement, but ",[30,52721,42514],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[18,52724,2045],{"id":2044},[316,52726,52727,52731,52735,52739,52744,52748,52754],{},[319,52728,52729],{},[273,52730,51130],{"href":51129},[319,52732,52733],{},[273,52734,51133],{"href":451},[319,52736,52737],{},[273,52738,9312],{"href":9311},[319,52740,52741],{},[273,52742,52743],{"href":51699},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[319,52745,52746],{},[273,52747,8598],{"href":2475},[319,52749,52750],{},[273,52751,52753],{"href":52752},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[319,52755,52756],{},[273,52757,52758],{"href":52289},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2097,52760,52761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":52763},[52764,52765,52766,52767,52768,52769,52770,52776,52777,52778,52779,52786],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":50932,"depth":69,"text":50933},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":51276,"depth":69,"text":51277},{"id":51463,"depth":69,"text":51464},{"id":51703,"depth":69,"text":51704},{"id":41198,"depth":69,"text":41199,"children":52771},[52772,52773,52774,52775],{"id":51922,"depth":110,"text":51923},{"id":51976,"depth":110,"text":51977},{"id":52027,"depth":110,"text":52028},{"id":52108,"depth":110,"text":52109},{"id":52180,"depth":69,"text":52181},{"id":52293,"depth":69,"text":52294},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":52780},[52781,52782,52783,52784,52785],{"id":52614,"depth":110,"text":52615},{"id":52621,"depth":110,"text":52622},{"id":52628,"depth":110,"text":52629},{"id":52635,"depth":110,"text":52636},{"id":52652,"depth":110,"text":52653},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50815,"description":52787},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52794,"title":52795,"body":52796,"description":54475,"extension":2138,"meta":54476,"navigation":149,"path":54477,"seo":54478,"stem":54479,"__hash__":54480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52797,"toc":54448},[52798,52801,52814,52820,52822,52876,52881,52885,52901,52904,52918,52924,52926,52929,52948,52964,52966,53042,53044,53081,53092,53094,53097,53158,53160,53193,53196,53202,53206,53209,53334,53336,53394,53402,53455,53457,53484,53490,53499,53503,53506,53511,53563,53565,53591,53596,53650,53652,53677,53680,53704,53710,53712,53716,53718,53775,53777,53785,53787,53809,53811,53864,53866,53890,53894,53896,53935,53937,53945,53951,53955,54007,54009,54035,54043,54047,54052,54060,54062,54128,54130,54162,54166,54171,54173,54187,54190,54263,54265,54291,54293,54297,54304,54308,54315,54319,54322,54324,54377,54379,54405,54409,54417,54419,54445],[10,52799,52795],{"id":52800},"python-list-append-method",[14,52802,2155,52803,52805,52806,52809,52810,52813],{},[30,52804,886],{}," method adds ",[205,52807,52808],{},"one item"," to the ",[205,52811,52812],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52815,52816,52817,52819],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[205,52818,4796],{}," create a new list.",[18,52821,21],{"id":20},[23,52823,52825],{"className":25,"code":52824,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,52826,52827,52847,52861,52871],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52828,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52830,40],{"class":39},[33,52832,44],{"class":43},[33,52834,48],{"class":47},[33,52836,52],{"class":51},[33,52838,55],{"class":47},[33,52840,58],{"class":51},[33,52842,55],{"class":47},[33,52844,63],{"class":51},[33,52846,66],{"class":47},[33,52848,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52850,163],{"class":39},[33,52852,310],{"class":47},[33,52854,780],{"class":162},[33,52856,133],{"class":47},[33,52858,2679],{"class":51},[33,52860,143],{"class":47},[33,52862,52863,52865,52867,52869],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,52864,157],{"class":156},[33,52866,133],{"class":47},[33,52868,163],{"class":162},[33,52870,143],{"class":47},[33,52872,52873],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,52874,52875],{"class":1308},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52877,672,52878,52880],{},[30,52879,886],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[18,52882,52884],{"id":52883},"what-append-does","What append() does",[316,52886,52887,52892,52895,52898],{},[319,52888,52889,52891],{},[30,52890,886],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[319,52893,52894],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[319,52896,52897],{},"It does not create a new list",[319,52899,52900],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52902,52903],{},"This means you can append:",[316,52905,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916],{},[319,52907,163],{},[319,52909,906],{},[319,52911,1168],{},[319,52913,5464],{},[319,52915,7410],{},[319,52917,34817],{},[14,52919,52920,52921,310],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[273,52922,52923],{"href":451},"Python lists explained for beginners",[18,52925,5592],{"id":5591},[14,52927,52928],{},"Basic form:",[23,52930,52932],{"className":25,"code":52931,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.append(item)\n",[30,52933,52934],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52935,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52937,715],{"class":39},[33,52939,310],{"class":47},[33,52941,780],{"class":162},[33,52943,133],{"class":47},[33,52945,23464],{"class":162},[33,52947,143],{"class":47},[316,52949,52950,52955,52960],{},[319,52951,52952,52954],{},[30,52953,715],{}," is the list you want to change",[319,52956,52957,52959],{},[30,52958,23464],{}," is the value or object to add",[319,52961,12064,52962],{},[30,52963,3950],{},[14,52965,367],{},[23,52967,52969],{"className":25,"code":52968,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[30,52970,52971,52995,53018,53022,53032],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,52972,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,52974,36392],{"class":39},[33,52976,44],{"class":43},[33,52978,48],{"class":47},[33,52980,80],{"class":79},[33,52982,386],{"class":83},[33,52984,80],{"class":79},[33,52986,55],{"class":47},[33,52988,91],{"class":79},[33,52990,4255],{"class":83},[33,52992,80],{"class":79},[33,52994,66],{"class":47},[33,52996,52997,52999,53001,53004,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,52998,1506],{"class":39},[33,53000,44],{"class":43},[33,53002,53003],{"class":39}," fruits",[33,53005,310],{"class":47},[33,53007,780],{"class":162},[33,53009,133],{"class":47},[33,53011,80],{"class":79},[33,53013,33376],{"class":83},[33,53015,80],{"class":79},[33,53017,143],{"class":47},[33,53019,53020],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53021,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53023,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53025,157],{"class":156},[33,53027,133],{"class":47},[33,53029,36444],{"class":162},[33,53031,143],{"class":47},[33,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,53035,157],{"class":156},[33,53037,133],{"class":47},[33,53039,1530],{"class":162},[33,53041,143],{"class":47},[14,53043,207],{},[23,53045,53047],{"className":25,"code":53046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[30,53048,53049,53077],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53050,53051,53053,53055,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53052,217],{"class":47},[33,53054,236],{"class":79},[33,53056,386],{"class":83},[33,53058,236],{"class":79},[33,53060,55],{"class":47},[33,53062,245],{"class":79},[33,53064,4255],{"class":83},[33,53066,236],{"class":79},[33,53068,55],{"class":47},[33,53070,245],{"class":79},[33,53072,33376],{"class":83},[33,53074,236],{"class":79},[33,53076,66],{"class":47},[33,53078,53079],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53080,11961],{"class":398},[14,53082,53083,53084,53086,53087,53089,53090,310],{},"The important detail is that ",[30,53085,886],{}," updates ",[30,53088,36444],{},", but the method itself returns ",[30,53091,3950],{},[18,53093,11627],{"id":11626},[14,53095,53096],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[23,53098,53100],{"className":25,"code":53099,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,53101,53102,53126,53144,53148],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53103,53104,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53105,13229],{"class":39},[33,53107,44],{"class":43},[33,53109,48],{"class":47},[33,53111,80],{"class":79},[33,53113,13246],{"class":83},[33,53115,80],{"class":79},[33,53117,55],{"class":47},[33,53119,91],{"class":79},[33,53121,13263],{"class":83},[33,53123,80],{"class":79},[33,53125,66],{"class":47},[33,53127,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53129,17655],{"class":39},[33,53131,310],{"class":47},[33,53133,780],{"class":162},[33,53135,133],{"class":47},[33,53137,80],{"class":79},[33,53139,17608],{"class":83},[33,53141,80],{"class":79},[33,53143,143],{"class":47},[33,53145,53146],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53147,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53149,53150,53152,53154,53156],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53151,157],{"class":156},[33,53153,133],{"class":47},[33,53155,17655],{"class":162},[33,53157,143],{"class":47},[14,53159,207],{},[23,53161,53163],{"className":25,"code":53162,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[30,53164,53165],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53166,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53168,217],{"class":47},[33,53170,236],{"class":79},[33,53172,13246],{"class":83},[33,53174,236],{"class":79},[33,53176,55],{"class":47},[33,53178,245],{"class":79},[33,53180,13263],{"class":83},[33,53182,236],{"class":79},[33,53184,55],{"class":47},[33,53186,245],{"class":79},[33,53188,17608],{"class":83},[33,53190,236],{"class":79},[33,53192,66],{"class":47},[14,53194,53195],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53197,31237,53198,310],{},[273,53199,53201],{"href":53200},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[18,53203,53205],{"id":53204},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53207,53208],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[23,53210,53212],{"className":25,"code":53211,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,53213,53214,53222,53226,53240,53258,53272,53298,53320,53324],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53215,53216,53218,53220],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53217,377],{"class":39},[33,53219,44],{"class":43},[33,53221,118],{"class":47},[33,53223,53224],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53225,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53229,414],{"class":39},[33,53231,310],{"class":47},[33,53233,780],{"class":162},[33,53235,133],{"class":47},[33,53237,538],{"class":51},[33,53239,143],{"class":47},[33,53241,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53243,414],{"class":39},[33,53245,310],{"class":47},[33,53247,780],{"class":162},[33,53249,133],{"class":47},[33,53251,80],{"class":79},[33,53253,545],{"class":83},[33,53255,80],{"class":79},[33,53257,143],{"class":47},[33,53259,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,53261,414],{"class":39},[33,53263,310],{"class":47},[33,53265,780],{"class":162},[33,53267,133],{"class":47},[33,53269,3777],{"class":398},[33,53271,143],{"class":47},[33,53273,53274,53276,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,53275,414],{"class":39},[33,53277,310],{"class":47},[33,53279,780],{"class":162},[33,53281,5688],{"class":47},[33,53283,80],{"class":79},[33,53285,7827],{"class":83},[33,53287,80],{"class":79},[33,53289,3061],{"class":47},[33,53291,91],{"class":79},[33,53293,7836],{"class":83},[33,53295,80],{"class":79},[33,53297,30650],{"class":47},[33,53299,53300,53302,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,53301,414],{"class":39},[33,53303,310],{"class":47},[33,53305,780],{"class":162},[33,53307,3162],{"class":47},[33,53309,52],{"class":51},[33,53311,55],{"class":47},[33,53313,58],{"class":51},[33,53315,55],{"class":47},[33,53317,63],{"class":51},[33,53319,4059],{"class":47},[33,53321,53322],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,53323,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,53327,157],{"class":156},[33,53329,133],{"class":47},[33,53331,414],{"class":162},[33,53333,143],{"class":47},[14,53335,207],{},[23,53337,53339],{"className":25,"code":53338,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[30,53340,53341],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53342,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53344,217],{"class":47},[33,53346,538],{"class":51},[33,53348,55],{"class":47},[33,53350,245],{"class":79},[33,53352,545],{"class":83},[33,53354,236],{"class":79},[33,53356,55],{"class":47},[33,53358,399],{"class":398},[33,53360,55],{"class":47},[33,53362,10644],{"class":47},[33,53364,236],{"class":79},[33,53366,7827],{"class":83},[33,53368,236],{"class":79},[33,53370,3061],{"class":47},[33,53372,245],{"class":79},[33,53374,7836],{"class":83},[33,53376,236],{"class":79},[33,53378,53379],{"class":47},"},",[33,53381,48],{"class":47},[33,53383,52],{"class":51},[33,53385,55],{"class":47},[33,53387,58],{"class":51},[33,53389,55],{"class":47},[33,53391,63],{"class":51},[33,53393,1217],{"class":47},[14,53395,53396,53397,42308,53399,310],{},"A list added with ",[30,53398,886],{},[205,53400,53401],{},"one single item",[23,53403,53405],{"className":25,"code":53404,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,53406,53407,53423,53441,53445],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53408,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53410,40],{"class":39},[33,53412,44],{"class":43},[33,53414,48],{"class":47},[33,53416,52],{"class":51},[33,53418,55],{"class":47},[33,53420,58],{"class":51},[33,53422,66],{"class":47},[33,53424,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53426,163],{"class":39},[33,53428,310],{"class":47},[33,53430,780],{"class":162},[33,53432,3162],{"class":47},[33,53434,2240],{"class":51},[33,53436,55],{"class":47},[33,53438,1132],{"class":51},[33,53440,4059],{"class":47},[33,53442,53443],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53444,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53446,53447,53449,53451,53453],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53448,157],{"class":156},[33,53450,133],{"class":47},[33,53452,163],{"class":162},[33,53454,143],{"class":47},[14,53456,207],{},[23,53458,53460],{"className":25,"code":53459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[30,53461,53462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53465,217],{"class":47},[33,53467,52],{"class":51},[33,53469,55],{"class":47},[33,53471,58],{"class":51},[33,53473,55],{"class":47},[33,53475,48],{"class":47},[33,53477,2240],{"class":51},[33,53479,55],{"class":47},[33,53481,1132],{"class":51},[33,53483,1217],{"class":47},[14,53485,2462,53486,53489],{},[30,53487,53488],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53491,53492,53493,53498],{},"This is different from ",[273,53494,53495],{"href":1934},[30,53496,53497],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[18,53500,53502],{"id":53501},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53504,53505],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[664,53507,1357,53509],{"id":53508},"using-append",[30,53510,886],{},[23,53512,53513],{"className":25,"code":53404,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53514,53515,53531,53549,53553],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53516,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53518,40],{"class":39},[33,53520,44],{"class":43},[33,53522,48],{"class":47},[33,53524,52],{"class":51},[33,53526,55],{"class":47},[33,53528,58],{"class":51},[33,53530,66],{"class":47},[33,53532,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53534,163],{"class":39},[33,53536,310],{"class":47},[33,53538,780],{"class":162},[33,53540,3162],{"class":47},[33,53542,2240],{"class":51},[33,53544,55],{"class":47},[33,53546,1132],{"class":51},[33,53548,4059],{"class":47},[33,53550,53551],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53552,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53554,53555,53557,53559,53561],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53556,157],{"class":156},[33,53558,133],{"class":47},[33,53560,163],{"class":162},[33,53562,143],{"class":47},[14,53564,207],{},[23,53566,53567],{"className":25,"code":53459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53568,53569],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53570,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53572,217],{"class":47},[33,53574,52],{"class":51},[33,53576,55],{"class":47},[33,53578,58],{"class":51},[33,53580,55],{"class":47},[33,53582,48],{"class":47},[33,53584,2240],{"class":51},[33,53586,55],{"class":47},[33,53588,1132],{"class":51},[33,53590,1217],{"class":47},[664,53592,1357,53594],{"id":53593},"using-extend",[30,53595,1937],{},[23,53597,53599],{"className":25,"code":53598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,53600,53601,53617,53636,53640],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53602,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53604,40],{"class":39},[33,53606,44],{"class":43},[33,53608,48],{"class":47},[33,53610,52],{"class":51},[33,53612,55],{"class":47},[33,53614,58],{"class":51},[33,53616,66],{"class":47},[33,53618,53619,53621,53623,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53620,163],{"class":39},[33,53622,310],{"class":47},[33,53624,53625],{"class":162},"extend",[33,53627,3162],{"class":47},[33,53629,2240],{"class":51},[33,53631,55],{"class":47},[33,53633,1132],{"class":51},[33,53635,4059],{"class":47},[33,53637,53638],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53639,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53641,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53643,157],{"class":156},[33,53645,133],{"class":47},[33,53647,163],{"class":162},[33,53649,143],{"class":47},[14,53651,207],{},[23,53653,53655],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,53656,53657],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53658,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53660,217],{"class":47},[33,53662,52],{"class":51},[33,53664,55],{"class":47},[33,53666,58],{"class":51},[33,53668,55],{"class":47},[33,53670,63],{"class":51},[33,53672,55],{"class":47},[33,53674,1132],{"class":51},[33,53676,66],{"class":47},[14,53678,53679],{},"The difference:",[316,53681,53682,53688,53694,53699],{},[319,53683,53684,53687],{},[30,53685,53686],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[319,53689,53690,53693],{},[30,53691,53692],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[319,53695,672,53696,53698],{},[30,53697,886],{}," for one item",[319,53700,672,53701,53703],{},[30,53702,1937],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53705,53706,53707,310],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[273,53708,53709],{"href":1934},"Python list extend() method",[18,53711,1288],{"id":1287},[664,53713,53715],{"id":53714},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53717,25844],{},[23,53719,53721],{"className":25,"code":53720,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,53722,53723,53743,53761,53765],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53724,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53726,377],{"class":39},[33,53728,44],{"class":43},[33,53730,48],{"class":47},[33,53732,52],{"class":51},[33,53734,55],{"class":47},[33,53736,58],{"class":51},[33,53738,55],{"class":47},[33,53740,63],{"class":51},[33,53742,66],{"class":47},[33,53744,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53746,377],{"class":39},[33,53748,44],{"class":43},[33,53750,6125],{"class":39},[33,53752,310],{"class":47},[33,53754,780],{"class":162},[33,53756,133],{"class":47},[33,53758,2679],{"class":51},[33,53760,143],{"class":47},[33,53762,53763],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53764,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53766,53767,53769,53771,53773],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53768,157],{"class":156},[33,53770,133],{"class":47},[33,53772,414],{"class":162},[33,53774,143],{"class":47},[14,53776,207],{},[23,53778,53779],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53780,53781],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53782,53783],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53784,11961],{"class":398},[14,53786,12053],{},[316,53788,53789,53794,53800],{},[319,53790,53791,53793],{},[30,53792,886],{}," changes the list in place",[319,53795,53796,2572,53798],{},[30,53797,886],{},[30,53799,3950],{},[319,53801,53802,53803,53806,53807],{},"So ",[30,53804,53805],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[30,53808,3950],{},[14,53810,1328],{},[23,53812,53814],{"className":25,"code":53813,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,53815,53816,53836,53850,53854],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53817,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53819,377],{"class":39},[33,53821,44],{"class":43},[33,53823,48],{"class":47},[33,53825,52],{"class":51},[33,53827,55],{"class":47},[33,53829,58],{"class":51},[33,53831,55],{"class":47},[33,53833,63],{"class":51},[33,53835,66],{"class":47},[33,53837,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53839,414],{"class":39},[33,53841,310],{"class":47},[33,53843,780],{"class":162},[33,53845,133],{"class":47},[33,53847,2679],{"class":51},[33,53849,143],{"class":47},[33,53851,53852],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53853,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53855,53856,53858,53860,53862],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,53857,157],{"class":156},[33,53859,133],{"class":47},[33,53861,414],{"class":162},[33,53863,143],{"class":47},[14,53865,207],{},[23,53867,53868],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53869,53870],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53871,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53873,217],{"class":47},[33,53875,52],{"class":51},[33,53877,55],{"class":47},[33,53879,58],{"class":51},[33,53881,55],{"class":47},[33,53883,63],{"class":51},[33,53885,55],{"class":47},[33,53887,1132],{"class":51},[33,53889,66],{"class":47},[664,53891,53893],{"id":53892},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53895,19066],{},[23,53897,53899],{"className":25,"code":53898,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[30,53900,53901,53925],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53902,53903,53905,53907,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53904,32037],{"class":39},[33,53906,44],{"class":43},[33,53908,48],{"class":47},[33,53910,52],{"class":51},[33,53912,55],{"class":47},[33,53914,58],{"class":51},[33,53916,13704],{"class":47},[33,53918,780],{"class":162},[33,53920,133],{"class":47},[33,53922,2240],{"class":51},[33,53924,143],{"class":47},[33,53926,53927,53929,53931,53933],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53928,157],{"class":156},[33,53930,133],{"class":47},[33,53932,32056],{"class":162},[33,53934,143],{"class":47},[14,53936,207],{},[23,53938,53939],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53940,53941],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53942,53943],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53944,11961],{"class":398},[14,53946,53947,53948,53950],{},"Remember: ",[30,53949,886],{}," updates the list you already have.",[664,53952,53954],{"id":53953},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[23,53956,53957],{"className":25,"code":53404,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,53958,53959,53975,53993,53997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,53960,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,53962,40],{"class":39},[33,53964,44],{"class":43},[33,53966,48],{"class":47},[33,53968,52],{"class":51},[33,53970,55],{"class":47},[33,53972,58],{"class":51},[33,53974,66],{"class":47},[33,53976,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,53978,163],{"class":39},[33,53980,310],{"class":47},[33,53982,780],{"class":162},[33,53984,3162],{"class":47},[33,53986,2240],{"class":51},[33,53988,55],{"class":47},[33,53990,1132],{"class":51},[33,53992,4059],{"class":47},[33,53994,53995],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,53996,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,53998,53999,54001,54003,54005],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54000,157],{"class":156},[33,54002,133],{"class":47},[33,54004,163],{"class":162},[33,54006,143],{"class":47},[14,54008,207],{},[23,54010,54011],{"className":25,"code":53459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,54012,54013],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54014,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54016,217],{"class":47},[33,54018,52],{"class":51},[33,54020,55],{"class":47},[33,54022,58],{"class":51},[33,54024,55],{"class":47},[33,54026,48],{"class":47},[33,54028,2240],{"class":51},[33,54030,55],{"class":47},[33,54032,1132],{"class":51},[33,54034,1217],{"class":47},[14,54036,3346,54037,54040,54041,6789],{},[30,54038,54039],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[30,54042,1937],{},[664,54044,54046],{"id":54045},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54048,54049,54051],{},[30,54050,886],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54053,54054,54055,310],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[273,54056,54057],{"href":1941},[30,54058,54059],{},"list.insert()",[14,54061,367],{},[23,54063,54065],{"className":25,"code":54064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[30,54066,54067,54091,54114,54118],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54068,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54070,124],{"class":39},[33,54072,44],{"class":43},[33,54074,48],{"class":47},[33,54076,80],{"class":79},[33,54078,273],{"class":83},[33,54080,80],{"class":79},[33,54082,55],{"class":47},[33,54084,91],{"class":79},[33,54086,291],{"class":83},[33,54088,80],{"class":79},[33,54090,66],{"class":47},[33,54092,54093,54095,54097,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54094,199],{"class":39},[33,54096,310],{"class":47},[33,54098,54099],{"class":162},"insert",[33,54101,133],{"class":47},[33,54103,52],{"class":51},[33,54105,55],{"class":47},[33,54107,91],{"class":79},[33,54109,282],{"class":83},[33,54111,80],{"class":79},[33,54113,143],{"class":47},[33,54115,54116],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54117,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54119,54120,54122,54124,54126],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54121,157],{"class":156},[33,54123,133],{"class":47},[33,54125,199],{"class":162},[33,54127,143],{"class":47},[14,54129,207],{},[23,54131,54132],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,54133,54134],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54137,217],{"class":47},[33,54139,236],{"class":79},[33,54141,273],{"class":83},[33,54143,236],{"class":79},[33,54145,55],{"class":47},[33,54147,245],{"class":79},[33,54149,282],{"class":83},[33,54151,236],{"class":79},[33,54153,55],{"class":47},[33,54155,245],{"class":79},[33,54157,291],{"class":83},[33,54159,236],{"class":79},[33,54161,66],{"class":47},[18,54163,54165],{"id":54164},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54167,54168,54170],{},[30,54169,886],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54172,36579],{},[316,54174,54175,54178,54181,54184],{},[319,54176,54177],{},"building a list in a loop",[319,54179,54180],{},"collecting user input",[319,54182,54183],{},"storing results step by step",[319,54185,54186],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54188,54189],{},"Example with a loop:",[23,54191,54193],{"className":25,"code":54192,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[30,54194,54195,54204,54208,54229,54248,54252],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54196,54197,54200,54202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54198,54199],{"class":39},"squares ",[33,54201,44],{"class":43},[33,54203,118],{"class":47},[33,54205,54206],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54207,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54209,54210,54212,54214,54216,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54211,6117],{"class":4046},[33,54213,6546],{"class":39},[33,54215,4053],{"class":4046},[33,54217,54218],{"class":156}," range",[33,54220,133],{"class":47},[33,54222,52],{"class":51},[33,54224,55],{"class":47},[33,54226,4770],{"class":51},[33,54228,8498],{"class":47},[33,54230,54231,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54232,54233],{"class":39},"    squares",[33,54235,310],{"class":47},[33,54237,780],{"class":162},[33,54239,133],{"class":47},[33,54241,2394],{"class":162},[33,54243,40027],{"class":43},[33,54245,2374],{"class":162},[33,54247,143],{"class":47},[33,54249,54250],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,54251,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54253,54254,54256,54258,54261],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,54255,157],{"class":156},[33,54257,133],{"class":47},[33,54259,54260],{"class":162},"squares",[33,54262,143],{"class":47},[14,54264,207],{},[23,54266,54268],{"className":25,"code":54267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[30,54269,54270],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54271,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282,54285,54287,54289],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54273,217],{"class":47},[33,54275,52],{"class":51},[33,54277,55],{"class":47},[33,54279,1132],{"class":51},[33,54281,55],{"class":47},[33,54283,54284],{"class":51}," 9",[33,54286,55],{"class":47},[33,54288,14141],{"class":51},[33,54290,66],{"class":47},[18,54292,1961],{"id":1960},[664,54294,54296],{"id":54295},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54298,46519,54299,54301,54302,310],{},[30,54300,886],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[30,54303,3950],{},[664,54305,54307],{"id":54306},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54309,54310,54311,310],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[273,54312,54313],{"href":1934},[30,54314,1937],{},[664,54316,54318],{"id":54317},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54320,54321],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54323,367],{},[23,54325,54327],{"className":25,"code":54326,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[30,54328,54329,54345,54363,54367],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54330,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54332,1181],{"class":39},[33,54334,44],{"class":43},[33,54336,48],{"class":47},[33,54338,52],{"class":51},[33,54340,55],{"class":47},[33,54342,58],{"class":51},[33,54344,66],{"class":47},[33,54346,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359,54361],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54348,1230],{"class":39},[33,54350,310],{"class":47},[33,54352,780],{"class":162},[33,54354,3162],{"class":47},[33,54356,2240],{"class":51},[33,54358,55],{"class":47},[33,54360,1132],{"class":51},[33,54362,4059],{"class":47},[33,54364,54365],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54366,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54368,54369,54371,54373,54375],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54370,157],{"class":156},[33,54372,133],{"class":47},[33,54374,1230],{"class":162},[33,54376,143],{"class":47},[14,54378,207],{},[23,54380,54381],{"className":25,"code":53459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,54382,54383],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54384,54385,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54386,217],{"class":47},[33,54388,52],{"class":51},[33,54390,55],{"class":47},[33,54392,58],{"class":51},[33,54394,55],{"class":47},[33,54396,48],{"class":47},[33,54398,2240],{"class":51},[33,54400,55],{"class":47},[33,54402,1132],{"class":51},[33,54404,1217],{"class":47},[664,54406,54408],{"id":54407},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54410,54411,54413,54414,54416],{},[30,54412,886],{}," adds at the end. ",[30,54415,1944],{}," adds at a specific position.",[18,54418,2045],{"id":2044},[316,54420,54421,54426,54430,54435,54439],{},[319,54422,54423],{},[273,54424,54425],{"href":53200},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[319,54427,54428],{},[273,54429,53709],{"href":1934},[319,54431,54432],{},[273,54433,54434],{"href":1941},"Python list insert() method",[319,54436,54437],{},[273,54438,52923],{"href":451},[319,54440,54441],{},[273,54442,54444],{"href":54443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2097,54446,54447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":54449},[54450,54451,54452,54453,54454,54455,54461,54467,54468,54474],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":52883,"depth":69,"text":52884},{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":53204,"depth":69,"text":53205},{"id":53501,"depth":69,"text":53502,"children":54456},[54457,54459],{"id":53508,"depth":110,"text":54458},"Using append()",{"id":53593,"depth":110,"text":54460},"Using extend()",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":54462},[54463,54464,54465,54466],{"id":53714,"depth":110,"text":53715},{"id":53892,"depth":110,"text":53893},{"id":53953,"depth":110,"text":53954},{"id":54045,"depth":110,"text":54046},{"id":54164,"depth":69,"text":54165},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":54469},[54470,54471,54472,54473],{"id":54295,"depth":110,"text":54296},{"id":54306,"depth":110,"text":54307},{"id":54317,"depth":110,"text":54318},{"id":54407,"depth":110,"text":54408},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52795,"description":54475},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54482,"title":54483,"body":54484,"description":55726,"extension":2138,"meta":55727,"navigation":149,"path":55728,"seo":55729,"stem":55730,"__hash__":55731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54485,"toc":55691},[54486,54492,54498,54504,54506,54554,54559,54564,54568,54584,54590,54592,54595,54610,54612,54623,54625,54627,54684,54686,54694,54696,54712,54718,54720,54726,54730,54814,54817,54866,54873,54881,54884,54898,54911,54917,54992,54999,55006,55080,55088,55091,55102,55111,55115,55119,55130,55132,55209,55230,55232,55242,55245,55293,55295,55315,55318,55320,55371,55377,55384,55451,55457,55463,55466,55493,55498,55504,55507,55579,55582,55593,55599,55601,55607,55610,55616,55622,55629,55637,55643,55649,55651,55688],[10,54487,54489,54490,2059],{"id":54488},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[30,54491,11473],{},[14,54493,54494,54497],{},[30,54495,54496],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54499,54500,54501,54503],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[205,54502,11485],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[18,54505,21],{"id":20},[23,54507,54509],{"className":25,"code":54508,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[30,54510,54511,54531,54541],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54512,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525,54527,54529],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54514,377],{"class":39},[33,54516,44],{"class":43},[33,54518,48],{"class":47},[33,54520,52],{"class":51},[33,54522,55],{"class":47},[33,54524,58],{"class":51},[33,54526,55],{"class":47},[33,54528,63],{"class":51},[33,54530,66],{"class":47},[33,54532,54533,54535,54537,54539],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54534,414],{"class":39},[33,54536,310],{"class":47},[33,54538,11534],{"class":162},[33,54540,1671],{"class":47},[33,54542,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54544,157],{"class":156},[33,54546,133],{"class":47},[33,54548,414],{"class":162},[33,54550,3831],{"class":47},[33,54552,54553],{"class":1308},"  # []\n",[14,54555,672,54556,54558],{},[30,54557,11473],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[18,54560,3848,54562,3851],{"id":54561},"what-listclear-does",[30,54563,54496],{},[14,54565,54566,3061],{},[30,54567,54496],{},[316,54569,54570,54573,54576,54581],{},[319,54571,54572],{},"Removes every item from a list",[319,54574,54575],{},"Changes the original list in place",[319,54577,54578,54579],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[30,54580,301],{},[319,54582,54583],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54585,54586,54587,54589],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[30,54588,11473],{},", but it contains no values.",[18,54591,2334],{"id":2333},[14,54593,54594],{},"Syntax:",[23,54596,54598],{"className":25,"code":54597,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.clear()\n",[30,54599,54600],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54601,54602,54604,54606,54608],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54603,715],{"class":39},[33,54605,310],{"class":47},[33,54607,11534],{"class":162},[33,54609,1671],{"class":47},[14,54611,11610],{},[316,54613,54614,54617,54620],{},[319,54615,54616],{},"Call it on a list object",[319,54618,54619],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[319,54621,54622],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[18,54624,11627],{"id":11626},[14,54626,11630],{},[23,54628,54630],{"className":25,"code":54629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,54631,54632,54656,54660,54670,54674],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54633,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642,54644,54646,54648,54650,54652,54654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54635,40],{"class":39},[33,54637,44],{"class":43},[33,54639,48],{"class":47},[33,54641,538],{"class":51},[33,54643,55],{"class":47},[33,54645,7949],{"class":51},[33,54647,55],{"class":47},[33,54649,7954],{"class":51},[33,54651,55],{"class":47},[33,54653,50997],{"class":51},[33,54655,66],{"class":47},[33,54657,54658],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54659,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54661,54662,54664,54666,54668],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54663,163],{"class":39},[33,54665,310],{"class":47},[33,54667,11534],{"class":162},[33,54669,1671],{"class":47},[33,54671,54672],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54673,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54675,54676,54678,54680,54682],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,54677,157],{"class":156},[33,54679,133],{"class":47},[33,54681,163],{"class":162},[33,54683,143],{"class":47},[14,54685,207],{},[23,54687,54688],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,54689,54690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54691,54692],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54693,264],{"class":47},[14,54695,11836],{},[316,54697,54698,54703,54709],{},[319,54699,54700,54702],{},[30,54701,163],{}," starts with four items",[319,54704,54705,54708],{},[30,54706,54707],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[319,54710,54711],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54713,54714,54715,310],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[273,54716,52923],{"href":54717},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[18,54719,17571],{"id":17570},[14,54721,54722,2572,54724,310],{},[30,54723,11473],{},[30,54725,3950],{},[14,54727,41059,54728,52819],{},[205,54729,4796],{},[23,54731,54733],{"className":25,"code":54732,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[30,54734,54735,54767,54771,54785,54789,54802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54736,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54738,377],{"class":39},[33,54740,44],{"class":43},[33,54742,48],{"class":47},[33,54744,80],{"class":79},[33,54746,273],{"class":83},[33,54748,80],{"class":79},[33,54750,55],{"class":47},[33,54752,91],{"class":79},[33,54754,282],{"class":83},[33,54756,80],{"class":79},[33,54758,55],{"class":47},[33,54760,91],{"class":79},[33,54762,291],{"class":83},[33,54764,80],{"class":79},[33,54766,66],{"class":47},[33,54768,54769],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54770,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54772,54773,54775,54777,54779,54781,54783],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54774,1506],{"class":39},[33,54776,44],{"class":43},[33,54778,6125],{"class":39},[33,54780,310],{"class":47},[33,54782,11534],{"class":162},[33,54784,1671],{"class":47},[33,54786,54787],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54788,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54790,54791,54793,54795,54797,54799],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,54792,157],{"class":156},[33,54794,133],{"class":47},[33,54796,414],{"class":162},[33,54798,3831],{"class":47},[33,54800,54801],{"class":1308},"   # []\n",[33,54803,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,54805,157],{"class":156},[33,54807,133],{"class":47},[33,54809,1530],{"class":162},[33,54811,3831],{"class":47},[33,54813,21029],{"class":1308},[14,54815,54816],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[23,54818,54820],{"className":25,"code":54819,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[30,54821,54822,54842,54856],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54823,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836,54838,54840],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54825,377],{"class":39},[33,54827,44],{"class":43},[33,54829,48],{"class":47},[33,54831,52],{"class":51},[33,54833,55],{"class":47},[33,54835,58],{"class":51},[33,54837,55],{"class":47},[33,54839,63],{"class":51},[33,54841,66],{"class":47},[33,54843,54844,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54845,377],{"class":39},[33,54847,44],{"class":43},[33,54849,6125],{"class":39},[33,54851,310],{"class":47},[33,54853,11534],{"class":162},[33,54855,1671],{"class":47},[33,54857,54858,54860,54862,54864],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54859,157],{"class":156},[33,54861,133],{"class":47},[33,54863,414],{"class":162},[33,54865,143],{"class":47},[14,54867,12069,54868,42308,54870,54872],{},[30,54869,414],{},[30,54871,3950],{},", not an empty list.",[18,54874,54876,54878,54879],{"id":54875},"clear-vs-assigning",[30,54877,11473],{}," vs assigning ",[30,54880,301],{},[14,54882,54883],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[23,54885,54886],{"className":25,"code":54597,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,54887,54888],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54889,54890,54892,54894,54896],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54891,715],{"class":39},[33,54893,310],{"class":47},[33,54895,11534],{"class":162},[33,54897,1671],{"class":47},[23,54899,54901],{"className":25,"code":54900,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = []\n",[30,54902,54903],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54904,54905,54907,54909],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54906,698],{"class":39},[33,54908,44],{"class":43},[33,54910,118],{"class":47},[664,54912,54914,54916],{"id":54913},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[30,54915,11473],{}," empties the same list object",[23,54918,54920],{"className":25,"code":54919,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[30,54921,54922,54942,54950,54954,54964,54968,54980],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,54923,54924,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,54925,2729],{"class":39},[33,54927,44],{"class":43},[33,54929,48],{"class":47},[33,54931,52],{"class":51},[33,54933,55],{"class":47},[33,54935,58],{"class":51},[33,54937,55],{"class":47},[33,54939,63],{"class":51},[33,54941,66],{"class":47},[33,54943,54944,54946,54948],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,54945,2757],{"class":39},[33,54947,44],{"class":43},[33,54949,36329],{"class":39},[33,54951,54952],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,54953,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54955,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,54957,273],{"class":39},[33,54959,310],{"class":47},[33,54961,11534],{"class":162},[33,54963,1671],{"class":47},[33,54965,54966],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,54967,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,54969,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,54971,157],{"class":156},[33,54973,133],{"class":47},[33,54975,273],{"class":162},[33,54977,3831],{"class":47},[33,54979,54553],{"class":1308},[33,54981,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,54983,157],{"class":156},[33,54985,133],{"class":47},[33,54987,282],{"class":162},[33,54989,3831],{"class":47},[33,54991,54553],{"class":1308},[14,54993,10744,54994,2030,54996,54998],{},[30,54995,273],{},[30,54997,282],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[664,55000,55002,55005],{"id":55001},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[30,55003,55004],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[23,55007,55009],{"className":25,"code":55008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,55010,55011,55031,55039,55043,55051,55055,55067],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55012,55013,55015,55017,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55014,2729],{"class":39},[33,55016,44],{"class":43},[33,55018,48],{"class":47},[33,55020,52],{"class":51},[33,55022,55],{"class":47},[33,55024,58],{"class":51},[33,55026,55],{"class":47},[33,55028,63],{"class":51},[33,55030,66],{"class":47},[33,55032,55033,55035,55037],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55034,2757],{"class":39},[33,55036,44],{"class":43},[33,55038,36329],{"class":39},[33,55040,55041],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55042,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55044,55045,55047,55049],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55046,2729],{"class":39},[33,55048,44],{"class":43},[33,55050,118],{"class":47},[33,55052,55053],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55054,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55056,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,55058,157],{"class":156},[33,55060,133],{"class":47},[33,55062,273],{"class":162},[33,55064,3831],{"class":47},[33,55066,54553],{"class":1308},[33,55068,55069,55071,55073,55075,55077],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,55070,157],{"class":156},[33,55072,133],{"class":47},[33,55074,282],{"class":162},[33,55076,3831],{"class":47},[33,55078,55079],{"class":1308},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55081,20924,55082,55084,55085,55087],{},[30,55083,273],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[30,55086,282],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55089,55090],{},"This difference matters when:",[316,55092,55093,55096,55099],{},[319,55094,55095],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[319,55097,55098],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[319,55100,55101],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55103,55104,55105,310],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[273,55106,55108,55109,887],{"href":55107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[30,55110,12930],{},[18,55112,5127,55113],{"id":12590},[30,55114,11473],{},[14,55116,672,55117,6477],{},[30,55118,11473],{},[316,55120,55121,55124,55127],{},[319,55122,55123],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[319,55125,55126],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[319,55128,55129],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55131,367],{},[23,55133,55135],{"className":25,"code":55134,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[30,55136,55137,55173,55177,55182,55193,55197],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55138,55139,55142,55144,55146,55148,55151,55153,55155,55157,55160,55162,55164,55166,55169,55171],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55140,55141],{"class":39},"shopping_cart ",[33,55143,44],{"class":43},[33,55145,48],{"class":47},[33,55147,80],{"class":79},[33,55149,55150],{"class":83},"milk",[33,55152,80],{"class":79},[33,55154,55],{"class":47},[33,55156,91],{"class":79},[33,55158,55159],{"class":83},"bread",[33,55161,80],{"class":79},[33,55163,55],{"class":47},[33,55165,91],{"class":79},[33,55167,55168],{"class":83},"eggs",[33,55170,80],{"class":79},[33,55172,66],{"class":47},[33,55174,55175],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55176,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55178,55179],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55180,55181],{"class":1308},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[33,55183,55184,55187,55189,55191],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55185,55186],{"class":39},"shopping_cart",[33,55188,310],{"class":47},[33,55190,11534],{"class":162},[33,55192,1671],{"class":47},[33,55194,55195],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55196,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55198,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,55200,157],{"class":156},[33,55202,133],{"class":47},[33,55204,55186],{"class":162},[33,55206,3831],{"class":47},[33,55208,54553],{"class":1308},[14,55210,55211,55212,55216,55217,55223,55224,310],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[273,55213,55215],{"href":55214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[273,55218,55220,887],{"href":55219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[30,55221,55222],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[273,55225,55227,887],{"href":55226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[30,55228,55229],{},"list.pop()",[18,55231,1288],{"id":1287},[664,55233,55235,55236,1361,55239],{"id":55234},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[30,55237,55238],{},"my_list.clear",[30,55240,55241],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55243,55244],{},"This does not call the method.",[23,55246,55248],{"className":25,"code":55247,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[30,55249,55250,55270,55274,55283],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55251,55252,55254,55256,55258,55260,55262,55264,55266,55268],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55253,377],{"class":39},[33,55255,44],{"class":43},[33,55257,48],{"class":47},[33,55259,52],{"class":51},[33,55261,55],{"class":47},[33,55263,58],{"class":51},[33,55265,55],{"class":47},[33,55267,63],{"class":51},[33,55269,66],{"class":47},[33,55271,55272],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55273,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55275,55276,55278,55280],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55277,414],{"class":39},[33,55279,310],{"class":47},[33,55281,55282],{"class":24904},"clear\n",[33,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55286,157],{"class":156},[33,55288,133],{"class":47},[33,55290,414],{"class":162},[33,55292,143],{"class":47},[14,55294,207],{},[23,55296,55297],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,55298,55299],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55300,55301,55303,55305,55307,55309,55311,55313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55302,217],{"class":47},[33,55304,52],{"class":51},[33,55306,55],{"class":47},[33,55308,58],{"class":51},[33,55310,55],{"class":47},[33,55312,63],{"class":51},[33,55314,66],{"class":47},[14,55316,55317],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55319,1328],{},[23,55321,55323],{"className":25,"code":55322,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[30,55324,55325,55345,55349,55359],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55326,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341,55343],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55328,377],{"class":39},[33,55330,44],{"class":43},[33,55332,48],{"class":47},[33,55334,52],{"class":51},[33,55336,55],{"class":47},[33,55338,58],{"class":51},[33,55340,55],{"class":47},[33,55342,63],{"class":51},[33,55344,66],{"class":47},[33,55346,55347],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55348,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55350,55351,55353,55355,55357],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55352,414],{"class":39},[33,55354,310],{"class":47},[33,55356,11534],{"class":162},[33,55358,1671],{"class":47},[33,55360,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55362,157],{"class":156},[33,55364,133],{"class":47},[33,55366,414],{"class":162},[33,55368,3831],{"class":47},[33,55370,54553],{"class":1308},[664,55372,1487,55374,55376],{"id":55373},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[30,55375,11473],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55378,55379,2572,55381,55383],{},[30,55380,11473],{},[30,55382,3950],{},", not the list.",[23,55385,55387],{"className":25,"code":55386,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[30,55388,55389,55409,55423,55427,55439],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55390,55391,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55392,377],{"class":39},[33,55394,44],{"class":43},[33,55396,48],{"class":47},[33,55398,52],{"class":51},[33,55400,55],{"class":47},[33,55402,58],{"class":51},[33,55404,55],{"class":47},[33,55406,63],{"class":51},[33,55408,66],{"class":47},[33,55410,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55412,1506],{"class":39},[33,55414,44],{"class":43},[33,55416,6125],{"class":39},[33,55418,310],{"class":47},[33,55420,11534],{"class":162},[33,55422,1671],{"class":47},[33,55424,55425],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55426,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55428,55429,55431,55433,55435,55437],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55430,157],{"class":156},[33,55432,133],{"class":47},[33,55434,1530],{"class":162},[33,55436,3831],{"class":47},[33,55438,21029],{"class":1308},[33,55440,55441,55443,55445,55447,55449],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55442,157],{"class":156},[33,55444,133],{"class":47},[33,55446,414],{"class":162},[33,55448,3831],{"class":47},[33,55450,54801],{"class":1308},[664,55452,1357,55454,55456],{"id":55453},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[30,55455,11473],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55458,55459,55460,55462],{},"Some types have a ",[30,55461,11473],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55464,55465],{},"This will fail:",[23,55467,55469],{"className":25,"code":55468,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[30,55470,55471,55483],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55472,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55474,34843],{"class":39},[33,55476,44],{"class":43},[33,55478,91],{"class":79},[33,55480,545],{"class":83},[33,55482,3532],{"class":79},[33,55484,55485,55487,55489,55491],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55486,34864],{"class":39},[33,55488,310],{"class":47},[33,55490,11534],{"class":162},[33,55492,1671],{"class":47},[14,55494,55495,55496,33756],{},"A string does not have a ",[30,55497,11473],{},[14,55499,55500,55501,55503],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[30,55502,3950],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55505,55506],{},"Useful checks:",[23,55508,55510],{"className":25,"code":55509,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[30,55511,55512,55522,55536,55550,55559,55569],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55513,55514,55516,55518,55520],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55515,157],{"class":156},[33,55517,133],{"class":47},[33,55519,715],{"class":162},[33,55521,143],{"class":47},[33,55523,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532,55534],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55525,157],{"class":156},[33,55527,133],{"class":47},[33,55529,1406],{"class":129},[33,55531,133],{"class":47},[33,55533,715],{"class":162},[33,55535,733],{"class":47},[33,55537,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55539,157],{"class":156},[33,55541,133],{"class":47},[33,55543,12802],{"class":156},[33,55545,133],{"class":47},[33,55547,715],{"class":162},[33,55549,733],{"class":47},[33,55551,55552,55554,55556],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55553,43702],{"class":39},[33,55555,44],{"class":43},[33,55557,55558],{"class":39}," my_list\n",[33,55560,55561,55563,55565,55567],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55562,715],{"class":39},[33,55564,310],{"class":47},[33,55566,11534],{"class":162},[33,55568,1671],{"class":47},[33,55570,55571,55573,55575,55577],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,55572,157],{"class":156},[33,55574,133],{"class":47},[33,55576,30897],{"class":162},[33,55578,143],{"class":47},[14,55580,55581],{},"These can help you see:",[316,55583,55584,55587,55590],{},[319,55585,55586],{},"What the variable currently contains",[319,55588,55589],{},"Whether it is really a list",[319,55591,55592],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55594,55595,55596,310],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[273,55597,55598],{"href":54443},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[18,55600,1961],{"id":1960},[664,55602,12857,55604,55606],{"id":55603},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[30,55605,54496],{}," delete the list?",[14,55608,55609],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[664,55611,12857,55613,55615],{"id":55612},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[30,55614,54496],{}," return a new list?",[14,55617,55618,55619,55621],{},"No. It returns ",[30,55620,3950],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[664,55623,2027,55625,2030,55627,2033],{"id":55624},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[30,55626,11473],{},[30,55628,55004],{},[14,55630,55631,55633,55634,55636],{},[30,55632,11473],{}," empties the same list object. ",[30,55635,55004],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[664,55638,28481,55640,55642],{"id":55639},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[30,55641,11473],{}," on other types?",[14,55644,55645,55646,55648],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[30,55647,11473],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[18,55650,2045],{"id":2044},[316,55652,55653,55657,55662,55668,55675,55681],{},[319,55654,55655],{},[273,55656,52923],{"href":54717},[319,55658,55659],{},[273,55660,55661],{"href":55214},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[319,55663,55664],{},[273,55665,2056,55666,887],{"href":55226},[30,55667,12916],{},[319,55669,55670],{},[273,55671,2056,55672,887],{"href":55219},[30,55673,55674],{},"remove()",[319,55676,55677],{},[273,55678,2056,55679,887],{"href":55107},[30,55680,12930],{},[319,55682,55683],{},[273,55684,30501,55685,33789],{"href":54443},[30,55686,55687],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2097,55689,55690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":55692},[55693,55694,55696,55697,55698,55699,55706,55707,55715,55725],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":54561,"depth":69,"text":55695},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":54875,"depth":69,"text":55700,"children":55701},"clear() vs assigning []",[55702,55704],{"id":54913,"depth":110,"text":55703},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55001,"depth":110,"text":55705},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12590,"depth":69,"text":12962},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":55708},[55709,55711,55713],{"id":55234,"depth":110,"text":55710},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55373,"depth":110,"text":55712},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55453,"depth":110,"text":55714},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":55716},[55717,55719,55721,55723],{"id":55603,"depth":110,"text":55718},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55612,"depth":110,"text":55720},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55624,"depth":110,"text":55722},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55639,"depth":110,"text":55724},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54483,"description":55726},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55733,"title":55734,"body":55735,"description":57418,"extension":2138,"meta":57419,"navigation":149,"path":57420,"seo":57421,"stem":57422,"__hash__":57423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55736,"toc":57386},[55737,55742,55748,55756,55758,55847,55854,55859,55863,55877,55879,55956,55958,56019,56022,56024,56026,56047,56050,56064,56067,56111,56113,56121,56124,56130,56136,56139,56216,56218,56263,56266,56271,56354,56356,56397,56402,56406,56412,56414,56422,56425,56518,56520,56578,56581,56597,56602,56612,56617,56619,56624,56629,56632,56634,56691,56694,56747,56753,56758,56762,56779,56781,56865,56867,56908,56915,56917,56922,56928,56930,56993,56998,57068,57072,57107,57110,57112,57151,57155,57231,57237,57243,57248,57270,57273,57292,57300,57302,57308,57311,57318,57326,57331,57334,57338,57344,57352,57355,57357,57383],[10,55738,54489,55740,2059],{"id":55739},"python-list-copy-method",[30,55741,12930],{},[14,55743,55744,55747],{},[30,55745,55746],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55749,55750,55751,14207,55753,55755],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[30,55752,44],{},[205,55754,4796],{}," make a real copy.",[18,55757,2180],{"id":2179},[23,55759,55761],{"className":25,"code":55760,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,55762,55763,55783,55798,55802,55817,55821,55834],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55764,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55766,40],{"class":39},[33,55768,44],{"class":43},[33,55770,48],{"class":47},[33,55772,52],{"class":51},[33,55774,55],{"class":47},[33,55776,58],{"class":51},[33,55778,55],{"class":47},[33,55780,63],{"class":51},[33,55782,66],{"class":47},[33,55784,55785,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55786,55787],{"class":39},"new_numbers ",[33,55789,44],{"class":43},[33,55791,4430],{"class":39},[33,55793,310],{"class":47},[33,55795,13064],{"class":162},[33,55797,1671],{"class":47},[33,55799,55800],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55801,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55803,55804,55807,55809,55811,55813,55815],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55805,55806],{"class":39},"new_numbers",[33,55808,310],{"class":47},[33,55810,780],{"class":162},[33,55812,133],{"class":47},[33,55814,2679],{"class":51},[33,55816,143],{"class":47},[33,55818,55819],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55820,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55822,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,55824,157],{"class":156},[33,55826,133],{"class":47},[33,55828,163],{"class":162},[33,55830,3831],{"class":47},[33,55832,55833],{"class":1308},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[33,55835,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,55837,157],{"class":156},[33,55839,133],{"class":47},[33,55841,55806],{"class":162},[33,55843,3831],{"class":47},[33,55845,55846],{"class":1308},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55848,672,55849,55851,55852,310],{},[30,55850,55746],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[205,55853,13004],{},[18,55855,3848,55857,3851],{"id":55856},"what-listcopy-does",[30,55858,55746],{},[14,55860,55861,3061],{},[30,55862,55746],{},[316,55864,55865,55868,55871,55874],{},[319,55866,55867],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[319,55869,55870],{},"Returns that new list",[319,55872,55873],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[319,55875,55876],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55878,367],{},[23,55880,55882],{"className":25,"code":55881,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[30,55883,55884,55916,55931,55935,55945],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55885,55886,55888,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55887,36392],{"class":39},[33,55889,44],{"class":43},[33,55891,48],{"class":47},[33,55893,80],{"class":79},[33,55895,386],{"class":83},[33,55897,80],{"class":79},[33,55899,55],{"class":47},[33,55901,91],{"class":79},[33,55903,4255],{"class":83},[33,55905,80],{"class":79},[33,55907,55],{"class":47},[33,55909,91],{"class":79},[33,55911,33376],{"class":83},[33,55913,80],{"class":79},[33,55915,66],{"class":47},[33,55917,55918,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55919,55920],{"class":39},"copied_fruits ",[33,55922,44],{"class":43},[33,55924,53003],{"class":39},[33,55926,310],{"class":47},[33,55928,13064],{"class":162},[33,55930,1671],{"class":47},[33,55932,55933],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,55934,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,55936,55937,55939,55941,55943],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,55938,157],{"class":156},[33,55940,133],{"class":47},[33,55942,36444],{"class":162},[33,55944,143],{"class":47},[33,55946,55947,55949,55951,55954],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,55948,157],{"class":156},[33,55950,133],{"class":47},[33,55952,55953],{"class":162},"copied_fruits",[33,55955,143],{"class":47},[14,55957,207],{},[23,55959,55961],{"className":25,"code":55960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[30,55962,55963,55991],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,55964,55965,55967,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981,55983,55985,55987,55989],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,55966,217],{"class":47},[33,55968,236],{"class":79},[33,55970,386],{"class":83},[33,55972,236],{"class":79},[33,55974,55],{"class":47},[33,55976,245],{"class":79},[33,55978,4255],{"class":83},[33,55980,236],{"class":79},[33,55982,55],{"class":47},[33,55984,245],{"class":79},[33,55986,33376],{"class":83},[33,55988,236],{"class":79},[33,55990,66],{"class":47},[33,55992,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,55994,217],{"class":47},[33,55996,236],{"class":79},[33,55998,386],{"class":83},[33,56000,236],{"class":79},[33,56002,55],{"class":47},[33,56004,245],{"class":79},[33,56006,4255],{"class":83},[33,56008,236],{"class":79},[33,56010,55],{"class":47},[33,56012,245],{"class":79},[33,56014,33376],{"class":83},[33,56016,236],{"class":79},[33,56018,66],{"class":47},[14,56020,56021],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[18,56023,2334],{"id":2333},[14,56025,2337],{},[23,56027,56029],{"className":25,"code":56028,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[30,56030,56031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56032,56033,56036,56038,56041,56043,56045],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56034,56035],{"class":39},"new_list ",[33,56037,44],{"class":43},[33,56039,56040],{"class":39}," old_list",[33,56042,310],{"class":47},[33,56044,13064],{"class":162},[33,56046,1671],{"class":47},[14,56048,56049],{},"How it works:",[316,56051,56052,56058,56061],{},[319,56053,56054,56055,56057],{},"Call ",[30,56056,12930],{}," on an existing list",[319,56059,56060],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[319,56062,56063],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56065,56066],{},"Example with an empty list:",[23,56068,56070],{"className":25,"code":56069,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[30,56071,56072,56080,56096,56100],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56073,56074,56076,56078],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56075,113],{"class":39},[33,56077,44],{"class":43},[33,56079,118],{"class":47},[33,56081,56082,56085,56087,56090,56092,56094],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56083,56084],{"class":39},"new_empty_list ",[33,56086,44],{"class":43},[33,56088,56089],{"class":39}," empty_list",[33,56091,310],{"class":47},[33,56093,13064],{"class":162},[33,56095,1671],{"class":47},[33,56097,56098],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56099,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56101,56102,56104,56106,56109],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56103,157],{"class":156},[33,56105,133],{"class":47},[33,56107,56108],{"class":162},"new_empty_list",[33,56110,143],{"class":47},[14,56112,207],{},[23,56114,56115],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,56116,56117],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56118,56119],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56120,264],{"class":47},[14,56122,56123],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[18,56125,56127,56128],{"id":56126},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[30,56129,44],{},[14,56131,1357,56132,14207,56134,52819],{},[30,56133,44],{},[205,56135,4796],{},[14,56137,56138],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[23,56140,56142],{"className":25,"code":56141,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[30,56143,56144,56164,56173,56177,56192,56196,56206],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56145,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156,56158,56160,56162],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56147,40],{"class":39},[33,56149,44],{"class":43},[33,56151,48],{"class":47},[33,56153,52],{"class":51},[33,56155,55],{"class":47},[33,56157,58],{"class":51},[33,56159,55],{"class":47},[33,56161,63],{"class":51},[33,56163,66],{"class":47},[33,56165,56166,56169,56171],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56167,56168],{"class":39},"same_list ",[33,56170,44],{"class":43},[33,56172,44135],{"class":39},[33,56174,56175],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56176,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56178,56179,56182,56184,56186,56188,56190],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56180,56181],{"class":39},"same_list",[33,56183,310],{"class":47},[33,56185,780],{"class":162},[33,56187,133],{"class":47},[33,56189,2679],{"class":51},[33,56191,143],{"class":47},[33,56193,56194],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,56195,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56197,56198,56200,56202,56204],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,56199,157],{"class":156},[33,56201,133],{"class":47},[33,56203,163],{"class":162},[33,56205,143],{"class":47},[33,56207,56208,56210,56212,56214],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,56209,157],{"class":156},[33,56211,133],{"class":47},[33,56213,56181],{"class":162},[33,56215,143],{"class":47},[14,56217,207],{},[23,56219,56221],{"className":25,"code":56220,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,56222,56223,56243],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56224,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56226,217],{"class":47},[33,56228,52],{"class":51},[33,56230,55],{"class":47},[33,56232,58],{"class":51},[33,56234,55],{"class":47},[33,56236,63],{"class":51},[33,56238,55],{"class":47},[33,56240,1132],{"class":51},[33,56242,66],{"class":47},[33,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56246,217],{"class":47},[33,56248,52],{"class":51},[33,56250,55],{"class":47},[33,56252,58],{"class":51},[33,56254,55],{"class":47},[33,56256,63],{"class":51},[33,56258,55],{"class":47},[33,56260,1132],{"class":51},[33,56262,66],{"class":47},[14,56264,56265],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56267,56268,56269,3061],{},"Now compare that with ",[30,56270,12930],{},[23,56272,56274],{"className":25,"code":56273,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[30,56275,56276,56296,56311,56315,56330,56334,56344],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56277,56278,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56279,40],{"class":39},[33,56281,44],{"class":43},[33,56283,48],{"class":47},[33,56285,52],{"class":51},[33,56287,55],{"class":47},[33,56289,58],{"class":51},[33,56291,55],{"class":47},[33,56293,63],{"class":51},[33,56295,66],{"class":47},[33,56297,56298,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56299,56300],{"class":39},"copied_numbers ",[33,56302,44],{"class":43},[33,56304,4430],{"class":39},[33,56306,310],{"class":47},[33,56308,13064],{"class":162},[33,56310,1671],{"class":47},[33,56312,56313],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56314,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56316,56317,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56318,56319],{"class":39},"copied_numbers",[33,56321,310],{"class":47},[33,56323,780],{"class":162},[33,56325,133],{"class":47},[33,56327,2679],{"class":51},[33,56329,143],{"class":47},[33,56331,56332],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,56333,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,56337,157],{"class":156},[33,56339,133],{"class":47},[33,56341,163],{"class":162},[33,56343,143],{"class":47},[33,56345,56346,56348,56350,56352],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,56347,157],{"class":156},[33,56349,133],{"class":47},[33,56351,56319],{"class":162},[33,56353,143],{"class":47},[14,56355,207],{},[23,56357,56359],{"className":25,"code":56358,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,56360,56361,56377],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56362,56363,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56364,217],{"class":47},[33,56366,52],{"class":51},[33,56368,55],{"class":47},[33,56370,58],{"class":51},[33,56372,55],{"class":47},[33,56374,63],{"class":51},[33,56376,66],{"class":47},[33,56378,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56380,217],{"class":47},[33,56382,52],{"class":51},[33,56384,55],{"class":47},[33,56386,58],{"class":51},[33,56388,55],{"class":47},[33,56390,63],{"class":51},[33,56392,55],{"class":47},[33,56394,1132],{"class":51},[33,56396,66],{"class":47},[14,56398,56399,56400,310],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[273,56401,52923],{"href":451},[18,56403,56405],{"id":56404},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56407,56408,13001,56410,310],{},[30,56409,55746],{},[205,56411,13004],{},[14,56413,2284],{},[316,56415,56416,56419],{},[319,56417,56418],{},"The outer list is new",[319,56420,56421],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56423,56424],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[23,56426,56428],{"className":25,"code":56427,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[30,56429,56430,56457,56471,56475,56494,56498,56508],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56431,56432,56434,56436,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56433,12238],{"class":39},[33,56435,44],{"class":43},[33,56437,56438],{"class":47}," [[",[33,56440,52],{"class":51},[33,56442,55],{"class":47},[33,56444,58],{"class":51},[33,56446,18215],{"class":47},[33,56448,48],{"class":47},[33,56450,2240],{"class":51},[33,56452,55],{"class":47},[33,56454,1132],{"class":51},[33,56456,1217],{"class":47},[33,56458,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56460,14465],{"class":39},[33,56462,44],{"class":43},[33,56464,12313],{"class":39},[33,56466,310],{"class":47},[33,56468,13064],{"class":162},[33,56470,1671],{"class":47},[33,56472,56473],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56474,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56492],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56478,14484],{"class":39},[33,56480,217],{"class":47},[33,56482,1114],{"class":51},[33,56484,13704],{"class":47},[33,56486,780],{"class":162},[33,56488,133],{"class":47},[33,56490,56491],{"class":51},"99",[33,56493,143],{"class":47},[33,56495,56496],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,56497,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56499,56500,56502,56504,56506],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,56501,157],{"class":156},[33,56503,133],{"class":47},[33,56505,12285],{"class":162},[33,56507,143],{"class":47},[33,56509,56510,56512,56514,56516],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,56511,157],{"class":156},[33,56513,133],{"class":47},[33,56515,14484],{"class":162},[33,56517,143],{"class":47},[14,56519,207],{},[23,56521,56523],{"className":25,"code":56522,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[30,56524,56525,56552],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56526,56527,56530,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56528,56529],{"class":47},"[[",[33,56531,52],{"class":51},[33,56533,55],{"class":47},[33,56535,58],{"class":51},[33,56537,55],{"class":47},[33,56539,10350],{"class":51},[33,56541,18215],{"class":47},[33,56543,48],{"class":47},[33,56545,2240],{"class":51},[33,56547,55],{"class":47},[33,56549,1132],{"class":51},[33,56551,1217],{"class":47},[33,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572,56574,56576],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56555,56529],{"class":47},[33,56557,52],{"class":51},[33,56559,55],{"class":47},[33,56561,58],{"class":51},[33,56563,55],{"class":47},[33,56565,10350],{"class":51},[33,56567,18215],{"class":47},[33,56569,48],{"class":47},[33,56571,2240],{"class":51},[33,56573,55],{"class":47},[33,56575,1132],{"class":51},[33,56577,1217],{"class":47},[14,56579,56580],{},"Why did both change?",[316,56582,56583,56590],{},[319,56584,56585,2030,56587,56589],{},[30,56586,12285],{},[30,56588,14484],{}," are different outer lists",[319,56591,56592,56593,56596],{},"But the inner list ",[30,56594,56595],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56598,53802,56599,56601],{},[30,56600,12930],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[316,56603,56604,56607,56610],{},[319,56605,56606],{},"Numbers",[319,56608,56609],{},"Strings",[319,56611,40748],{},[14,56613,56614,56615,310],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[273,56616,13944],{"href":13943},[18,56618,17571],{"id":17570},[14,56620,56621,56623],{},[30,56622,55746],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56625,41059,56626,56628],{},[205,56627,4796],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56630,56631],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56633,16808],{},[23,56635,56637],{"className":25,"code":56636,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[30,56638,56639,56663,56677,56681],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56640,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56642,13229],{"class":39},[33,56644,44],{"class":43},[33,56646,48],{"class":47},[33,56648,80],{"class":79},[33,56650,13246],{"class":83},[33,56652,80],{"class":79},[33,56654,55],{"class":47},[33,56656,91],{"class":79},[33,56658,13263],{"class":83},[33,56660,80],{"class":79},[33,56662,66],{"class":47},[33,56664,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56666,13272],{"class":39},[33,56668,44],{"class":43},[33,56670,13277],{"class":39},[33,56672,310],{"class":47},[33,56674,13064],{"class":162},[33,56676,1671],{"class":47},[33,56678,56679],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56680,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56682,56683,56685,56687,56689],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56684,157],{"class":156},[33,56686,133],{"class":47},[33,56688,13296],{"class":162},[33,56690,143],{"class":47},[14,56692,56693],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[23,56695,56697],{"className":25,"code":56696,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,56698,56699,56723,56733,56737],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56700,56701,56703,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56702,13229],{"class":39},[33,56704,44],{"class":43},[33,56706,48],{"class":47},[33,56708,80],{"class":79},[33,56710,13246],{"class":83},[33,56712,80],{"class":79},[33,56714,55],{"class":47},[33,56716,91],{"class":79},[33,56718,13263],{"class":83},[33,56720,80],{"class":79},[33,56722,66],{"class":47},[33,56724,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56726,17655],{"class":39},[33,56728,310],{"class":47},[33,56730,13064],{"class":162},[33,56732,1671],{"class":47},[33,56734,56735],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56736,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56738,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56740,157],{"class":156},[33,56742,133],{"class":47},[33,56744,17655],{"class":162},[33,56746,143],{"class":47},[14,56748,56749,56750,56752],{},"In the second example, ",[30,56751,12930],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[18,56754,5127,56756],{"id":56755},"when-to-use-listcopy",[30,56757,55746],{},[14,56759,672,56760,10755],{},[30,56761,55746],{},[316,56763,56764,56767,56770,56773],{},[319,56765,56766],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[319,56768,56769],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[319,56771,56772],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[319,56774,56775,56776],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[30,56777,56778],{},"[:]",[14,56780,367],{},[23,56782,56784],{"className":25,"code":56783,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[30,56785,56786,56806,56821,56825,56840,56844,56854],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56787,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56789,5228],{"class":39},[33,56791,44],{"class":43},[33,56793,48],{"class":47},[33,56795,538],{"class":51},[33,56797,55],{"class":47},[33,56799,7949],{"class":51},[33,56801,55],{"class":47},[33,56803,7954],{"class":51},[33,56805,66],{"class":47},[33,56807,56808,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56809,56810],{"class":39},"backup_scores ",[33,56812,44],{"class":43},[33,56814,5275],{"class":39},[33,56816,310],{"class":47},[33,56818,13064],{"class":162},[33,56820,1671],{"class":47},[33,56822,56823],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56824,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56826,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56838],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56828,16541],{"class":39},[33,56830,310],{"class":47},[33,56832,780],{"class":162},[33,56834,133],{"class":47},[33,56836,56837],{"class":51},"40",[33,56839,143],{"class":47},[33,56841,56842],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,56843,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56845,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,56847,157],{"class":156},[33,56849,133],{"class":47},[33,56851,16541],{"class":162},[33,56853,143],{"class":47},[33,56855,56856,56858,56860,56863],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,56857,157],{"class":156},[33,56859,133],{"class":47},[33,56861,56862],{"class":162},"backup_scores",[33,56864,143],{"class":47},[14,56866,207],{},[23,56868,56870],{"className":25,"code":56869,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[30,56871,56872,56892],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56873,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56875,217],{"class":47},[33,56877,538],{"class":51},[33,56879,55],{"class":47},[33,56881,7949],{"class":51},[33,56883,55],{"class":47},[33,56885,7954],{"class":51},[33,56887,55],{"class":47},[33,56889,50997],{"class":51},[33,56891,66],{"class":47},[33,56893,56894,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56895,217],{"class":47},[33,56897,538],{"class":51},[33,56899,55],{"class":47},[33,56901,7949],{"class":51},[33,56903,55],{"class":47},[33,56905,7954],{"class":51},[33,56907,66],{"class":47},[14,56909,56910,56911,310],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[273,56912,2056,56913,887],{"href":883},[30,56914,886],{},[18,56916,1288],{"id":1287},[14,56918,56919,56920,310],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[30,56921,55746],{},[664,56923,1357,56925,56927],{"id":56924},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[30,56926,44],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56929,39353],{},[23,56931,56933],{"className":25,"code":56932,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,56934,56935,56955,56963,56977,56981],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,56936,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,56938,2729],{"class":39},[33,56940,44],{"class":43},[33,56942,48],{"class":47},[33,56944,52],{"class":51},[33,56946,55],{"class":47},[33,56948,58],{"class":51},[33,56950,55],{"class":47},[33,56952,63],{"class":51},[33,56954,66],{"class":47},[33,56956,56957,56959,56961],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,56958,2757],{"class":39},[33,56960,44],{"class":43},[33,56962,36329],{"class":39},[33,56964,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,56966,282],{"class":39},[33,56968,310],{"class":47},[33,56970,780],{"class":162},[33,56972,133],{"class":47},[33,56974,2679],{"class":51},[33,56976,143],{"class":47},[33,56978,56979],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,56980,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,56982,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,56984,157],{"class":156},[33,56986,133],{"class":47},[33,56988,273],{"class":162},[33,56990,3831],{"class":47},[33,56992,55846],{"class":1308},[14,56994,56995,56996,6789],{},"Fix: use ",[30,56997,12930],{},[23,56999,57001],{"className":25,"code":57000,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,57002,57003,57023,57038,57052,57056],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57004,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57006,2729],{"class":39},[33,57008,44],{"class":43},[33,57010,48],{"class":47},[33,57012,52],{"class":51},[33,57014,55],{"class":47},[33,57016,58],{"class":51},[33,57018,55],{"class":47},[33,57020,63],{"class":51},[33,57022,66],{"class":47},[33,57024,57025,57027,57029,57032,57034,57036],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57026,2757],{"class":39},[33,57028,44],{"class":43},[33,57030,57031],{"class":39}," a",[33,57033,310],{"class":47},[33,57035,13064],{"class":162},[33,57037,1671],{"class":47},[33,57039,57040,57042,57044,57046,57048,57050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,57041,282],{"class":39},[33,57043,310],{"class":47},[33,57045,780],{"class":162},[33,57047,133],{"class":47},[33,57049,2679],{"class":51},[33,57051,143],{"class":47},[33,57053,57054],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,57055,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,57057,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,57059,157],{"class":156},[33,57061,133],{"class":47},[33,57063,273],{"class":162},[33,57065,3831],{"class":47},[33,57067,55079],{"class":1308},[664,57069,57071],{"id":57070},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[23,57073,57075],{"className":25,"code":57074,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[30,57076,57077,57097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57078,57079,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57080,40],{"class":39},[33,57082,44],{"class":43},[33,57084,48],{"class":47},[33,57086,52],{"class":51},[33,57088,55],{"class":47},[33,57090,58],{"class":51},[33,57092,55],{"class":47},[33,57094,63],{"class":51},[33,57096,66],{"class":47},[33,57098,57099,57101,57103,57105],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57100,163],{"class":39},[33,57102,310],{"class":47},[33,57104,13064],{"class":162},[33,57106,1671],{"class":47},[14,57108,57109],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57111,39416],{},[23,57113,57115],{"className":25,"code":57114,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[30,57116,57117,57137],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57118,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57120,40],{"class":39},[33,57122,44],{"class":43},[33,57124,48],{"class":47},[33,57126,52],{"class":51},[33,57128,55],{"class":47},[33,57130,58],{"class":51},[33,57132,55],{"class":47},[33,57134,63],{"class":51},[33,57136,66],{"class":47},[33,57138,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57140,56300],{"class":39},[33,57142,44],{"class":43},[33,57144,4430],{"class":39},[33,57146,310],{"class":47},[33,57148,13064],{"class":162},[33,57150,1671],{"class":47},[664,57152,57154],{"id":57153},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[23,57156,57158],{"className":25,"code":57157,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[30,57159,57160,57178,57192,57196,57214,57218],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57161,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57163,2729],{"class":39},[33,57165,44],{"class":43},[33,57167,56438],{"class":47},[33,57169,52],{"class":51},[33,57171,18215],{"class":47},[33,57173,48],{"class":47},[33,57175,2234],{"class":51},[33,57177,1217],{"class":47},[33,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57181,2757],{"class":39},[33,57183,44],{"class":43},[33,57185,57031],{"class":39},[33,57187,310],{"class":47},[33,57189,13064],{"class":162},[33,57191,1671],{"class":47},[33,57193,57194],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,57195,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,57197,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,57199,282],{"class":39},[33,57201,217],{"class":47},[33,57203,1114],{"class":51},[33,57205,13704],{"class":47},[33,57207,780],{"class":162},[33,57209,133],{"class":47},[33,57211,56491],{"class":51},[33,57213,143],{"class":47},[33,57215,57216],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,57217,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,57221,157],{"class":156},[33,57223,133],{"class":47},[33,57225,273],{"class":162},[33,57227,3831],{"class":47},[33,57229,57230],{"class":1308},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57232,57233,57234,57236],{},"Fix: remember that ",[30,57235,55746],{}," is shallow.",[664,57238,25770,57240,57242],{"id":57239},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[30,57241,12930],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57244,57245,57247],{},[30,57246,12930],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[23,57249,57251],{"className":25,"code":57250,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[30,57252,57253,57265],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57254,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57256,8034],{"class":39},[33,57258,44],{"class":43},[33,57260,91],{"class":79},[33,57262,5169],{"class":83},[33,57264,3532],{"class":79},[33,57266,57267],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57268,57269],{"class":1308},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57271,57272],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[23,57274,57276],{"className":25,"code":57275,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(name))\n",[30,57277,57278],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57279,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57281,157],{"class":156},[33,57283,133],{"class":47},[33,57285,1406],{"class":129},[33,57287,133],{"class":47},[33,57289,7827],{"class":162},[33,57291,733],{"class":47},[14,57293,57294,57295,57299],{},"You can also review ",[273,57296,57298],{"href":57297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[18,57301,1961],{"id":1960},[664,57303,12857,57305,57307],{"id":57304},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[30,57306,55746],{}," change the original list?",[14,57309,57310],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[664,57312,2027,57314,2030,57316,2033],{"id":57313},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[30,57315,55746],{},[30,57317,44],{},[14,57319,57320,57322,57323,57325],{},[30,57321,12930],{}," creates a new list. ",[30,57324,44],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[664,57327,15057,57329,15060],{"id":57328},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[30,57330,55746],{},[14,57332,57333],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[664,57335,57337],{"id":57336},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57339,42305,57340,57343],{},[30,57341,57342],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[664,57345,15057,57347,57349,57350,2033],{"id":57346},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[30,57348,55746],{}," the same as ",[30,57351,56778],{},[14,57353,57354],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[18,57356,2045],{"id":2044},[316,57358,57359,57364,57368,57373,57379],{},[319,57360,57361],{},[273,57362,15119],{"href":57363},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[319,57365,57366],{},[273,57367,52923],{"href":451},[319,57369,57370],{},[273,57371,57372],{"href":57297},"Creating a list in Python",[319,57374,57375],{},[273,57376,2056,57377,887],{"href":883},[30,57378,886],{},[319,57380,57381],{},[273,57382,13944],{"href":13943},[2097,57384,57385],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":57387},[57388,57389,57391,57392,57394,57395,57396,57398,57406,57417],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":55856,"depth":69,"text":57390},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":56126,"depth":69,"text":57393},"Why not use =",{"id":56404,"depth":69,"text":56405},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":56755,"depth":69,"text":57397},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":57399},[57400,57402,57403,57404],{"id":56924,"depth":110,"text":57401},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57070,"depth":110,"text":57071},{"id":57153,"depth":110,"text":57154},{"id":57239,"depth":110,"text":57405},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":57407},[57408,57410,57412,57414,57415],{"id":57304,"depth":110,"text":57409},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57313,"depth":110,"text":57411},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57328,"depth":110,"text":57413},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57336,"depth":110,"text":57337},{"id":57346,"depth":110,"text":57416},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55734,"description":57418},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57425,"title":57426,"body":57427,"description":59168,"extension":2138,"meta":59169,"navigation":149,"path":59170,"seo":59171,"stem":59172,"__hash__":59173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57428,"toc":59127},[57429,57435,57441,57444,57455,57458,57460,57523,57529,57534,57538,57552,57555,57560,57565,57567,57569,57588,57600,57602,57669,57671,57679,57684,57686,57694,57697,57714,57716,57840,57851,57855,57860,57863,57865,57883,57887,57973,57982,57990,58059,58061,58064,58076,58081,58085,58156,58159,58163,58167,58232,58234,58242,58246,58329,58331,58339,58343,58404,58406,58414,58418,58505,58507,58515,58520,58525,58528,58539,58541,58626,58631,58639,58641,58645,58649,58654,58716,58720,58728,58734,58743,58748,58797,58800,58821,58825,58887,58894,58899,58902,58989,58992,59003,59006,59026,59028,59034,59037,59041,59045,59051,59054,59060,59067,59075,59086,59088,59124],[10,57430,54489,57432,2059],{"id":57431},"python-list-count-method",[30,57433,57434],{},"count()",[14,57436,57437,57440],{},[30,57438,57439],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57442,57443],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[316,57445,57446,57449,57452],{},[319,57447,57448],{},"count one specific item",[319,57450,57451],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[319,57453,57454],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57456,57457],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[18,57459,21],{"id":20},[23,57461,57463],{"className":25,"code":57462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[30,57464,57465,57493,57511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57466,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57468,40],{"class":39},[33,57470,44],{"class":43},[33,57472,48],{"class":47},[33,57474,52],{"class":51},[33,57476,55],{"class":47},[33,57478,58],{"class":51},[33,57480,55],{"class":47},[33,57482,58],{"class":51},[33,57484,55],{"class":47},[33,57486,63],{"class":51},[33,57488,55],{"class":47},[33,57490,58],{"class":51},[33,57492,66],{"class":47},[33,57494,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57496,1506],{"class":39},[33,57498,44],{"class":43},[33,57500,4430],{"class":39},[33,57502,310],{"class":47},[33,57504,41413],{"class":162},[33,57506,133],{"class":47},[33,57508,2234],{"class":51},[33,57510,143],{"class":47},[33,57512,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,57514,157],{"class":156},[33,57516,133],{"class":47},[33,57518,1530],{"class":162},[33,57520,3831],{"class":47},[33,57522,50924],{"class":1308},[14,57524,672,57525,57528],{},[30,57526,57527],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[18,57530,3848,57532,3851],{"id":57531},"what-listcount-does",[30,57533,57439],{},[14,57535,57536,3061],{},[30,57537,57439],{},[316,57539,57540,57543,57546,57549],{},[319,57541,57542],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[319,57544,57545],{},"returns an integer",[319,57547,57548],{},"does not change the original list",[319,57550,57551],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57553,57554],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57556,57557,57558,310],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[30,57559,2240],{},[14,57561,57562,57563,310],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[30,57564,1114],{},[18,57566,2334],{"id":2333},[14,57568,2337],{},[23,57570,57572],{"className":25,"code":57571,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.count(value)\n",[30,57573,57574],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57575,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584,57586],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57577,715],{"class":39},[33,57579,310],{"class":47},[33,57581,41413],{"class":162},[33,57583,133],{"class":47},[33,57585,2647],{"class":162},[33,57587,143],{"class":47},[316,57589,57590,57595],{},[319,57591,57592,57594],{},[30,57593,715],{}," is the list you want to search",[319,57596,57597,57599],{},[30,57598,2647],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57601,367],{},[23,57603,57605],{"className":25,"code":57604,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[30,57606,57607,57647],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57608,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57610,124],{"class":39},[33,57612,44],{"class":43},[33,57614,48],{"class":47},[33,57616,80],{"class":79},[33,57618,273],{"class":83},[33,57620,80],{"class":79},[33,57622,55],{"class":47},[33,57624,91],{"class":79},[33,57626,282],{"class":83},[33,57628,80],{"class":79},[33,57630,55],{"class":47},[33,57632,91],{"class":79},[33,57634,273],{"class":83},[33,57636,80],{"class":79},[33,57638,55],{"class":47},[33,57640,91],{"class":79},[33,57642,291],{"class":83},[33,57644,80],{"class":79},[33,57646,66],{"class":47},[33,57648,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57650,157],{"class":156},[33,57652,133],{"class":47},[33,57654,199],{"class":162},[33,57656,310],{"class":47},[33,57658,41413],{"class":162},[33,57660,133],{"class":47},[33,57662,80],{"class":79},[33,57664,273],{"class":83},[33,57666,80],{"class":79},[33,57668,733],{"class":47},[14,57670,207],{},[23,57672,57673],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,57674,57675],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57676,57677],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57678,17209],{"class":51},[14,57680,57681,57682,310],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[30,57683,1114],{},[18,57685,38175],{"id":38174},[14,57687,57688,57689,57691,57692,310],{},"The return value from ",[30,57690,57434],{}," is always an ",[30,57693,2366],{},[14,57695,57696],{},"Possible results:",[316,57698,57699,57704,57709],{},[319,57700,57701,57703],{},[30,57702,1114],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[319,57705,57706,57708],{},[30,57707,52],{}," if it appears once",[319,57710,57711,57713],{},[30,57712,2234],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57715,367],{},[23,57717,57719],{"className":25,"code":57718,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[30,57720,57721,57761,57765,57790,57815],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57722,57723,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57724,13229],{"class":39},[33,57726,44],{"class":43},[33,57728,48],{"class":47},[33,57730,80],{"class":79},[33,57732,13246],{"class":83},[33,57734,80],{"class":79},[33,57736,55],{"class":47},[33,57738,91],{"class":79},[33,57740,13263],{"class":83},[33,57742,80],{"class":79},[33,57744,55],{"class":47},[33,57746,91],{"class":79},[33,57748,17608],{"class":83},[33,57750,80],{"class":79},[33,57752,55],{"class":47},[33,57754,91],{"class":79},[33,57756,13263],{"class":83},[33,57758,80],{"class":79},[33,57760,66],{"class":47},[33,57762,57763],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57764,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,57766,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,57768,157],{"class":156},[33,57770,133],{"class":47},[33,57772,17655],{"class":162},[33,57774,310],{"class":47},[33,57776,41413],{"class":162},[33,57778,133],{"class":47},[33,57780,80],{"class":79},[33,57782,13263],{"class":83},[33,57784,80],{"class":79},[33,57786,5522],{"class":47},[33,57788,57789],{"class":1308},"   # 2\n",[33,57791,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,57793,157],{"class":156},[33,57795,133],{"class":47},[33,57797,17655],{"class":162},[33,57799,310],{"class":47},[33,57801,41413],{"class":162},[33,57803,133],{"class":47},[33,57805,80],{"class":79},[33,57807,13246],{"class":83},[33,57809,80],{"class":79},[33,57811,5522],{"class":47},[33,57813,57814],{"class":1308},"    # 1\n",[33,57816,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,57818,157],{"class":156},[33,57820,133],{"class":47},[33,57822,17655],{"class":162},[33,57824,310],{"class":47},[33,57826,41413],{"class":162},[33,57828,133],{"class":47},[33,57830,80],{"class":79},[33,57832,22678],{"class":83},[33,57834,80],{"class":79},[33,57836,5522],{"class":47},[33,57838,57839],{"class":1308}," # 0\n",[14,57841,57842,57843,57845,57846,57848,57849,310],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[30,57844,57434],{}," works, but using ",[30,57847,4053],{}," is often simpler. See ",[273,57850,6357],{"href":6356},[18,57852,57854],{"id":57853},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57856,57857,57859],{},[30,57858,57439],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57861,57862],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57864,43803],{},[316,57866,57867,57870,57873,57880],{},[319,57868,57869],{},"matches are based on equality",[319,57871,57872],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[319,57874,57875,2030,57877,57879],{},[30,57876,52],{},[30,57878,3777],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[319,57881,57882],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[664,57884,57886],{"id":57885},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[23,57888,57890],{"className":25,"code":57889,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[30,57891,57892,57925,57949],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57893,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57895,1655],{"class":39},[33,57897,44],{"class":43},[33,57899,48],{"class":47},[33,57901,80],{"class":79},[33,57903,386],{"class":83},[33,57905,80],{"class":79},[33,57907,55],{"class":47},[33,57909,91],{"class":79},[33,57911,57912],{"class":83},"Apple",[33,57914,80],{"class":79},[33,57916,55],{"class":47},[33,57918,91],{"class":79},[33,57920,386],{"class":83},[33,57922,80],{"class":79},[33,57924,66],{"class":47},[33,57926,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,57928,157],{"class":156},[33,57930,133],{"class":47},[33,57932,1680],{"class":162},[33,57934,310],{"class":47},[33,57936,41413],{"class":162},[33,57938,133],{"class":47},[33,57940,80],{"class":79},[33,57942,386],{"class":83},[33,57944,80],{"class":79},[33,57946,5522],{"class":47},[33,57948,51568],{"class":1308},[33,57950,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,57952,157],{"class":156},[33,57954,133],{"class":47},[33,57956,1680],{"class":162},[33,57958,310],{"class":47},[33,57960,41413],{"class":162},[33,57962,133],{"class":47},[33,57964,80],{"class":79},[33,57966,57912],{"class":83},[33,57968,80],{"class":79},[33,57970,5522],{"class":47},[33,57972,27932],{"class":1308},[14,57974,57975,2030,57978,57981],{},[30,57976,57977],{},"\"apple\"",[30,57979,57980],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[664,57983,57985,2030,57987,57989],{"id":57984},"_1-and-true-can-match",[30,57986,52],{},[30,57988,3777],{}," can match",[23,57991,57993],{"className":25,"code":57992,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[30,57994,57995,58019,58039],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,57996,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,57998,1071],{"class":39},[33,58000,44],{"class":43},[33,58002,48],{"class":47},[33,58004,52],{"class":51},[33,58006,55],{"class":47},[33,58008,399],{"class":398},[33,58010,55],{"class":47},[33,58012,58],{"class":51},[33,58014,55],{"class":47},[33,58016,1119],{"class":51},[33,58018,66],{"class":47},[33,58020,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58022,157],{"class":156},[33,58024,133],{"class":47},[33,58026,1096],{"class":162},[33,58028,310],{"class":47},[33,58030,41413],{"class":162},[33,58032,133],{"class":47},[33,58034,52],{"class":51},[33,58036,5522],{"class":47},[33,58038,51072],{"class":1308},[33,58040,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58042,157],{"class":156},[33,58044,133],{"class":47},[33,58046,1096],{"class":162},[33,58048,310],{"class":47},[33,58050,41413],{"class":162},[33,58052,133],{"class":47},[33,58054,3777],{"class":398},[33,58056,5522],{"class":47},[33,58058,50924],{"class":1308},[14,58060,4577],{},[14,58062,58063],{},"In Python:",[316,58065,58066,58071],{},[319,58067,58068],{},[30,58069,58070],{},"True == 1",[319,58072,58073],{},[30,58074,58075],{},"False == 0",[14,58077,53802,58078,58080],{},[30,58079,57434],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[664,58082,58084],{"id":58083},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[23,58086,58088],{"className":25,"code":58087,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[30,58089,58090,58132],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58091,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58093,377],{"class":39},[33,58095,44],{"class":43},[33,58097,56438],{"class":47},[33,58099,52],{"class":51},[33,58101,55],{"class":47},[33,58103,58],{"class":51},[33,58105,18215],{"class":47},[33,58107,48],{"class":47},[33,58109,2240],{"class":51},[33,58111,55],{"class":47},[33,58113,1132],{"class":51},[33,58115,18215],{"class":47},[33,58117,48],{"class":47},[33,58119,52],{"class":51},[33,58121,55],{"class":47},[33,58123,58],{"class":51},[33,58125,18215],{"class":47},[33,58127,48],{"class":47},[33,58129,52],{"class":51},[33,58131,1217],{"class":47},[33,58133,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58135,157],{"class":156},[33,58137,133],{"class":47},[33,58139,414],{"class":162},[33,58141,310],{"class":47},[33,58143,41413],{"class":162},[33,58145,3162],{"class":47},[33,58147,52],{"class":51},[33,58149,55],{"class":47},[33,58151,58],{"class":51},[33,58153,4901],{"class":47},[33,58155,51568],{"class":1308},[14,58157,58158],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[18,58160,58162],{"id":58161},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[664,58164,58166],{"id":58165},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[23,58168,58170],{"className":25,"code":58169,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,58171,58172,58200,58218,58222],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58173,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58175,40],{"class":39},[33,58177,44],{"class":43},[33,58179,48],{"class":47},[33,58181,538],{"class":51},[33,58183,55],{"class":47},[33,58185,7949],{"class":51},[33,58187,55],{"class":47},[33,58189,393],{"class":51},[33,58191,55],{"class":47},[33,58193,7954],{"class":51},[33,58195,55],{"class":47},[33,58197,393],{"class":51},[33,58199,66],{"class":47},[33,58201,58202,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58203,1506],{"class":39},[33,58205,44],{"class":43},[33,58207,4430],{"class":39},[33,58209,310],{"class":47},[33,58211,41413],{"class":162},[33,58213,133],{"class":47},[33,58215,538],{"class":51},[33,58217,143],{"class":47},[33,58219,58220],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58221,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,58223,58224,58226,58228,58230],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58225,157],{"class":156},[33,58227,133],{"class":47},[33,58229,1530],{"class":162},[33,58231,143],{"class":47},[14,58233,207],{},[23,58235,58236],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,58237,58238],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58239,58240],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58241,46771],{"class":51},[664,58243,58245],{"id":58244},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[23,58247,58249],{"className":25,"code":58248,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,58250,58251,58293,58315,58319],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58252,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58289,58291],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58254,1655],{"class":39},[33,58256,44],{"class":43},[33,58258,48],{"class":47},[33,58260,80],{"class":79},[33,58262,37201],{"class":83},[33,58264,80],{"class":79},[33,58266,55],{"class":47},[33,58268,91],{"class":79},[33,58270,58271],{"class":83},"dog",[33,58273,80],{"class":79},[33,58275,55],{"class":47},[33,58277,91],{"class":79},[33,58279,37201],{"class":83},[33,58281,80],{"class":79},[33,58283,55],{"class":47},[33,58285,91],{"class":79},[33,58287,58288],{"class":83},"bird",[33,58290,80],{"class":79},[33,58292,66],{"class":47},[33,58294,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58296,1506],{"class":39},[33,58298,44],{"class":43},[33,58300,6327],{"class":39},[33,58302,310],{"class":47},[33,58304,41413],{"class":162},[33,58306,133],{"class":47},[33,58308,80],{"class":79},[33,58310,37201],{"class":83},[33,58312,80],{"class":79},[33,58314,143],{"class":47},[33,58316,58317],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58318,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,58320,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58322,157],{"class":156},[33,58324,133],{"class":47},[33,58326,1530],{"class":162},[33,58328,143],{"class":47},[14,58330,207],{},[23,58332,58333],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,58334,58335],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58336,58337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58338,17209],{"class":51},[664,58340,58342],{"id":58341},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[23,58344,58346],{"className":25,"code":58345,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,58347,58348,58372,58390,58394],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58349,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58351,40],{"class":39},[33,58353,44],{"class":43},[33,58355,48],{"class":47},[33,58357,52],{"class":51},[33,58359,55],{"class":47},[33,58361,58],{"class":51},[33,58363,55],{"class":47},[33,58365,63],{"class":51},[33,58367,55],{"class":47},[33,58369,1132],{"class":51},[33,58371,66],{"class":47},[33,58373,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58375,1506],{"class":39},[33,58377,44],{"class":43},[33,58379,4430],{"class":39},[33,58381,310],{"class":47},[33,58383,41413],{"class":162},[33,58385,133],{"class":47},[33,58387,1085],{"class":51},[33,58389,143],{"class":47},[33,58391,58392],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58393,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,58395,58396,58398,58400,58402],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58397,157],{"class":156},[33,58399,133],{"class":47},[33,58401,1530],{"class":162},[33,58403,143],{"class":47},[14,58405,207],{},[23,58407,58408],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,58409,58410],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58411,58412],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58413,751],{"class":51},[664,58415,58417],{"id":58416},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[23,58419,58421],{"className":25,"code":58420,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,58422,58423,58469,58491,58495],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58424,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58426,1181],{"class":39},[33,58428,44],{"class":43},[33,58430,56438],{"class":47},[33,58432,52],{"class":51},[33,58434,55],{"class":47},[33,58436,58],{"class":51},[33,58438,18215],{"class":47},[33,58440,48],{"class":47},[33,58442,52],{"class":51},[33,58444,55],{"class":47},[33,58446,58],{"class":51},[33,58448,18215],{"class":47},[33,58450,48],{"class":47},[33,58452,2234],{"class":51},[33,58454,55],{"class":47},[33,58456,63],{"class":51},[33,58458,18215],{"class":47},[33,58460,48],{"class":47},[33,58462,52],{"class":51},[33,58464,55],{"class":47},[33,58466,58],{"class":51},[33,58468,1217],{"class":47},[33,58470,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58472,1506],{"class":39},[33,58474,44],{"class":43},[33,58476,14720],{"class":39},[33,58478,310],{"class":47},[33,58480,41413],{"class":162},[33,58482,3162],{"class":47},[33,58484,52],{"class":51},[33,58486,55],{"class":47},[33,58488,58],{"class":51},[33,58490,4059],{"class":47},[33,58492,58493],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58494,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,58496,58497,58499,58501,58503],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58498,157],{"class":156},[33,58500,133],{"class":47},[33,58502,1530],{"class":162},[33,58504,143],{"class":47},[14,58506,207],{},[23,58508,58509],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,58510,58511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58512,58513],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58514,46771],{"class":51},[18,58516,5127,58518],{"id":58517},"when-to-use-count",[30,58519,57434],{},[14,58521,672,58522,58524],{},[30,58523,57434],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58526,58527],{},"Good use cases:",[316,58529,58530,58533,58536],{},[319,58531,58532],{},"counting one specific item",[319,58534,58535],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[319,58537,58538],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58540,367],{},[23,58542,58544],{"className":25,"code":58543,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[30,58545,58546,58587,58611,58615],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58547,58548,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58549,58550],{"class":39},"votes ",[33,58552,44],{"class":43},[33,58554,48],{"class":47},[33,58556,80],{"class":79},[33,58558,8813],{"class":83},[33,58560,80],{"class":79},[33,58562,55],{"class":47},[33,58564,91],{"class":79},[33,58566,8753],{"class":83},[33,58568,80],{"class":79},[33,58570,55],{"class":47},[33,58572,91],{"class":79},[33,58574,8813],{"class":83},[33,58576,80],{"class":79},[33,58578,55],{"class":47},[33,58580,91],{"class":79},[33,58582,8813],{"class":83},[33,58584,80],{"class":79},[33,58586,66],{"class":47},[33,58588,58589,58592,58594,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58590,58591],{"class":39},"yes_votes ",[33,58593,44],{"class":43},[33,58595,58596],{"class":39}," votes",[33,58598,310],{"class":47},[33,58600,41413],{"class":162},[33,58602,133],{"class":47},[33,58604,80],{"class":79},[33,58606,8813],{"class":83},[33,58608,80],{"class":79},[33,58610,143],{"class":47},[33,58612,58613],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58614,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,58616,58617,58619,58621,58624],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58618,157],{"class":156},[33,58620,133],{"class":47},[33,58622,58623],{"class":162},"yes_votes",[33,58625,143],{"class":47},[14,58627,58628,58630],{},[30,58629,57434],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58632,58633,58634,2030,58636,310],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[273,58635,52923],{"href":451},[273,58637,58638],{"href":456},"what is a list in Python",[18,58640,3006],{"id":3005},[14,58642,8603,58643,310],{},[30,58644,57439],{},[664,58646,58648],{"id":58647},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58650,58651,58653],{},[30,58652,57439],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[23,58655,58657],{"className":25,"code":58656,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[30,58658,58659,58692],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58660,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58662,1655],{"class":39},[33,58664,44],{"class":43},[33,58666,48],{"class":47},[33,58668,80],{"class":79},[33,58670,58671],{"class":83},"apple pie",[33,58673,80],{"class":79},[33,58675,55],{"class":47},[33,58677,91],{"class":79},[33,58679,4255],{"class":83},[33,58681,80],{"class":79},[33,58683,55],{"class":47},[33,58685,91],{"class":79},[33,58687,58671],{"class":83},[33,58689,80],{"class":79},[33,58691,66],{"class":47},[33,58693,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58695,157],{"class":156},[33,58697,133],{"class":47},[33,58699,1680],{"class":162},[33,58701,310],{"class":47},[33,58703,41413],{"class":162},[33,58705,133],{"class":47},[33,58707,80],{"class":79},[33,58709,386],{"class":83},[33,58711,80],{"class":79},[33,58713,5522],{"class":47},[33,58715,51400],{"class":1308},[14,58717,2663,58718,2033],{},[30,58719,1114],{},[14,58721,29214,58722,58724,58725,310],{},[30,58723,57977],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[30,58726,58727],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58729,58730,58731,310],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[30,58732,58733],{},"str.count()",[664,58735,1487,58737,8611,58739,453,58741],{"id":58736},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[30,58738,57434],{},[30,58740,3777],{},[30,58742,3844],{},[14,58744,58745,58747],{},[30,58746,57434],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[23,58749,58751],{"className":25,"code":58750,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[30,58752,58753,58777],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58754,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58756,40],{"class":39},[33,58758,44],{"class":43},[33,58760,48],{"class":47},[33,58762,52],{"class":51},[33,58764,55],{"class":47},[33,58766,58],{"class":51},[33,58768,55],{"class":47},[33,58770,58],{"class":51},[33,58772,55],{"class":47},[33,58774,63],{"class":51},[33,58776,66],{"class":47},[33,58778,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58780,157],{"class":156},[33,58782,133],{"class":47},[33,58784,163],{"class":162},[33,58786,310],{"class":47},[33,58788,41413],{"class":162},[33,58790,133],{"class":47},[33,58792,2234],{"class":51},[33,58794,5522],{"class":47},[33,58796,51568],{"class":1308},[14,58798,58799],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[23,58801,58803],{"className":25,"code":58802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[30,58804,58805],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58806,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58808,157],{"class":156},[33,58810,133],{"class":47},[33,58812,2234],{"class":51},[33,58814,21327],{"class":4046},[33,58816,4430],{"class":162},[33,58818,3831],{"class":47},[33,58820,3834],{"class":1308},[664,58822,58824],{"id":58823},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[23,58826,58828],{"className":25,"code":58827,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[30,58829,58830,58863],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58831,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58859,58861],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58833,72],{"class":39},[33,58835,44],{"class":43},[33,58837,48],{"class":47},[33,58839,80],{"class":79},[33,58841,7836],{"class":83},[33,58843,80],{"class":79},[33,58845,55],{"class":47},[33,58847,91],{"class":79},[33,58849,20371],{"class":83},[33,58851,80],{"class":79},[33,58853,55],{"class":47},[33,58855,91],{"class":79},[33,58857,58858],{"class":83},"SAM",[33,58860,80],{"class":79},[33,58862,66],{"class":47},[33,58864,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58866,157],{"class":156},[33,58868,133],{"class":47},[33,58870,175],{"class":162},[33,58872,310],{"class":47},[33,58874,41413],{"class":162},[33,58876,133],{"class":47},[33,58878,80],{"class":79},[33,58880,20371],{"class":83},[33,58882,80],{"class":79},[33,58884,5522],{"class":47},[33,58886,27932],{"class":1308},[14,58888,58889,58890,58893],{},"Only the exact string ",[30,58891,58892],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[664,58895,29803,58897,33704],{"id":58896},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[30,58898,57434],{},[14,58900,58901],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[23,58903,58905],{"className":25,"code":58904,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[30,58906,58907,58917,58931,58949,58963,58975],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,58908,58909,58911,58913,58915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,58910,157],{"class":156},[33,58912,133],{"class":47},[33,58914,715],{"class":162},[33,58916,143],{"class":47},[33,58918,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,58920,157],{"class":156},[33,58922,133],{"class":47},[33,58924,1406],{"class":129},[33,58926,133],{"class":47},[33,58928,715],{"class":162},[33,58930,733],{"class":47},[33,58932,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,58934,157],{"class":156},[33,58936,133],{"class":47},[33,58938,715],{"class":162},[33,58940,310],{"class":47},[33,58942,41413],{"class":162},[33,58944,133],{"class":47},[33,58946,2647],{"class":162},[33,58948,733],{"class":47},[33,58950,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,58952,157],{"class":156},[33,58954,133],{"class":47},[33,58956,2622],{"class":162},[33,58958,4053],{"class":4046},[33,58960,8552],{"class":162},[33,58962,143],{"class":47},[33,58964,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,58966,6117],{"class":4046},[33,58968,6120],{"class":39},[33,58970,4053],{"class":4046},[33,58972,8552],{"class":39},[33,58974,6553],{"class":47},[33,58976,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,58978,8227],{"class":156},[33,58980,133],{"class":47},[33,58982,41932],{"class":156},[33,58984,133],{"class":47},[33,58986,23464],{"class":162},[33,58988,733],{"class":47},[14,58990,58991],{},"These checks can help you see:",[316,58993,58994,58997,59000],{},[319,58995,58996],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[319,58998,58999],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[319,59001,59002],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59004,59005],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[316,59007,59008,59013,59016,59023],{},[319,59009,50645,59010,59012],{},[30,59011,57434],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[319,59014,59015],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[319,59017,11259,59018,59020,59021],{},[30,59019,57439],{}," with string ",[30,59022,57434],{},[319,59024,59025],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[18,59027,1961],{"id":1960},[664,59029,12857,59031,59033],{"id":59030},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[30,59032,57439],{}," change the list?",[14,59035,59036],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[664,59038,59040],{"id":59039},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59042,12064,59043,310],{},[30,59044,1114],{},[664,59046,5334,59048,59050],{"id":59047},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[30,59049,57439],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59052,59053],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[664,59055,15057,59057,59059],{"id":59056},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[30,59058,57439],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59061,42305,59062,2030,59064,59066],{},[30,59063,57980],{},[30,59065,57977],{}," are different values.",[664,59068,5322,59070,59072,59073,2033],{"id":59069},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[30,59071,3777],{}," sometimes count like ",[30,59074,52],{},[14,59076,8941,59077,59079,59080,2030,59082,59079,59084,310],{},[30,59078,3777],{}," compares equal to ",[30,59081,52],{},[30,59083,3844],{},[30,59085,1114],{},[18,59087,2045],{"id":2044},[316,59089,59090,59094,59100,59104,59112,59119],{},[319,59091,59092],{},[273,59093,52923],{"href":451},[319,59095,59096],{},[273,59097,59099],{"href":59098},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[319,59101,59102],{},[273,59103,7094],{"href":6356},[319,59105,59106],{},[273,59107,2056,59109,887],{"href":59108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[30,59110,59111],{},"index()",[319,59113,59114],{},[273,59115,2076,59117],{"href":59116},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[30,59118,42514],{},[319,59120,59121],{},[273,59122,59123],{"href":456},"What is a list in Python",[2097,59125,59126],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60981,"toc":62676},[60982,60987,60992,60995,60997,61068,61073,61078,61082,61096,61101,61103,61123,61128,61131,61154,61158,61163,61255,61257,61279,61285,61291,61298,61305,61311,61368,61374,61432,61434,61446,61454,61460,61465,61469,61526,61529,61533,61592,61595,61599,61657,61669,61673,61726,61729,61733,61739,61745,61807,61810,61871,61874,61930,61935,61937,61941,61948,62009,62014,62023,62079,62086,62090,62148,62157,62215,62219,62254,62258,62268,62271,62326,62340,62343,62458,62463,62467,62478,62480,62559,62569,62571,62576,62581,62588,62596,62602,62605,62611,62614,62620,62626,62628,62664,62673],[10,60983,54489,60985,2059],{"id":60984},"python-list-extend-method",[30,60986,1937],{},[14,60988,60989,60991],{},[30,60990,53497],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60993,60994],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[18,60996,2180],{"id":2179},[23,60998,61000],{"className":25,"code":60999,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,61001,61002,61018,61035,61039,61054,61064],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61003,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61005,40],{"class":39},[33,61007,44],{"class":43},[33,61009,48],{"class":47},[33,61011,52],{"class":51},[33,61013,55],{"class":47},[33,61015,58],{"class":51},[33,61017,66],{"class":47},[33,61019,61020,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61021,61022],{"class":39},"more_numbers ",[33,61024,44],{"class":43},[33,61026,48],{"class":47},[33,61028,2240],{"class":51},[33,61030,55],{"class":47},[33,61032,1132],{"class":51},[33,61034,66],{"class":47},[33,61036,61037],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61038,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61040,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049,61052],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61042,163],{"class":39},[33,61044,310],{"class":47},[33,61046,53625],{"class":162},[33,61048,133],{"class":47},[33,61050,61051],{"class":162},"more_numbers",[33,61053,143],{"class":47},[33,61055,61056,61058,61060,61062],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61057,157],{"class":156},[33,61059,133],{"class":47},[33,61061,163],{"class":162},[33,61063,143],{"class":47},[33,61065,61066],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,61067,52875],{"class":1308},[14,61069,672,61070,61072],{},[30,61071,1937],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[18,61074,3848,61076,3851],{"id":61075},"what-listextend-does",[30,61077,53497],{},[14,61079,61080,3061],{},[30,61081,1937],{},[316,61083,61084,61087,61089,61092],{},[319,61085,61086],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[319,61088,54575],{},[319,61090,61091],{},"Does not create a new list",[319,61093,11575,61094],{},[30,61095,3950],{},[14,61097,61098,61099,53950],{},"This is an important point: ",[30,61100,1937],{},[18,61102,2334],{"id":2333},[23,61104,61106],{"className":25,"code":61105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[30,61107,61108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61109,61110,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61111,61112],{"class":39},"list_name",[33,61114,310],{"class":47},[33,61116,53625],{"class":162},[33,61118,133],{"class":47},[33,61120,3892],{"class":162},[33,61122,143],{"class":47},[14,61124,5613,61125,61127],{},[205,61126,3892],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61129,61130],{},"Common iterables include:",[316,61132,61133,61137,61141,61145,61150],{},[319,61134,61135],{},[30,61136,1879],{},[319,61138,61139],{},[30,61140,1436],{},[319,61142,61143],{},[30,61144,6446],{},[319,61146,61147],{},[30,61148,61149],{},"string",[319,61151,61152],{},[30,61153,1080],{},[18,61155,61157],{"id":61156},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61159,61160,61161,3061],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[30,61162,1937],{},[23,61164,61166],{"className":25,"code":61165,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[30,61167,61168,61192,61217,61221,61236,61240,61250],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61169,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61171,36392],{"class":39},[33,61173,44],{"class":43},[33,61175,48],{"class":47},[33,61177,80],{"class":79},[33,61179,386],{"class":83},[33,61181,80],{"class":79},[33,61183,55],{"class":47},[33,61185,91],{"class":79},[33,61187,4255],{"class":83},[33,61189,80],{"class":79},[33,61191,66],{"class":47},[33,61193,61194,61197,61199,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61195,61196],{"class":39},"more_fruits ",[33,61198,44],{"class":43},[33,61200,48],{"class":47},[33,61202,80],{"class":79},[33,61204,33376],{"class":83},[33,61206,80],{"class":79},[33,61208,55],{"class":47},[33,61210,91],{"class":79},[33,61212,22687],{"class":83},[33,61214,80],{"class":79},[33,61216,66],{"class":47},[33,61218,61219],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61220,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61222,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61234],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61224,36444],{"class":39},[33,61226,310],{"class":47},[33,61228,53625],{"class":162},[33,61230,133],{"class":47},[33,61232,61233],{"class":162},"more_fruits",[33,61235,143],{"class":47},[33,61237,61238],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61239,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61241,61242,61244,61246,61248],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,61243,157],{"class":156},[33,61245,133],{"class":47},[33,61247,36444],{"class":162},[33,61249,143],{"class":47},[33,61251,61252],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,61253,61254],{"class":1308},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61256,11836],{},[316,61258,61259,61264,61269],{},[319,61260,61261,61263],{},[30,61262,36444],{}," starts with two items",[319,61265,61266,61268],{},[30,61267,61233],{}," has two more items",[319,61270,61271,61273,61274,61276,61277],{},[30,61272,1937],{}," adds each item from ",[30,61275,61233],{}," to ",[30,61278,36444],{},[14,61280,61281,61282,61284],{},"After the method runs, ",[30,61283,36444],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61286,54714,61287,2030,61289,310],{},[273,61288,52923],{"href":451},[273,61290,57298],{"href":57297},[18,61292,61294,10739,61296],{"id":61293},"extend-vs-append",[30,61295,1937],{},[30,61297,886],{},[14,61299,61300,2030,61302,61304],{},[30,61301,1937],{},[30,61303,886],{}," are often confused.",[664,61306,61308,61310],{"id":61307},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[30,61309,1937],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[23,61312,61314],{"className":25,"code":61313,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,61315,61316,61332,61350,61354,61364],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61317,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61319,40],{"class":39},[33,61321,44],{"class":43},[33,61323,48],{"class":47},[33,61325,52],{"class":51},[33,61327,55],{"class":47},[33,61329,58],{"class":51},[33,61331,66],{"class":47},[33,61333,61334,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61335,163],{"class":39},[33,61337,310],{"class":47},[33,61339,53625],{"class":162},[33,61341,3162],{"class":47},[33,61343,2240],{"class":51},[33,61345,55],{"class":47},[33,61347,1132],{"class":51},[33,61349,4059],{"class":47},[33,61351,61352],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61353,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61355,61356,61358,61360,61362],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61357,157],{"class":156},[33,61359,133],{"class":47},[33,61361,163],{"class":162},[33,61363,143],{"class":47},[33,61365,61366],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61367,52875],{"class":1308},[664,61369,61371,61373],{"id":61370},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[30,61372,886],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[23,61375,61377],{"className":25,"code":61376,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[30,61378,61379,61395,61413,61417,61427],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61380,61381,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61382,40],{"class":39},[33,61384,44],{"class":43},[33,61386,48],{"class":47},[33,61388,52],{"class":51},[33,61390,55],{"class":47},[33,61392,58],{"class":51},[33,61394,66],{"class":47},[33,61396,61397,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407,61409,61411],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61398,163],{"class":39},[33,61400,310],{"class":47},[33,61402,780],{"class":162},[33,61404,3162],{"class":47},[33,61406,2240],{"class":51},[33,61408,55],{"class":47},[33,61410,1132],{"class":51},[33,61412,4059],{"class":47},[33,61414,61415],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61416,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61418,61419,61421,61423,61425],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61420,157],{"class":156},[33,61422,133],{"class":47},[33,61424,163],{"class":162},[33,61426,143],{"class":47},[33,61428,61429],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61430,61431],{"class":1308},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61433,18848],{},[316,61435,61436,61441],{},[319,61437,61438,61440],{},[30,61439,1937],{}," to combine values",[319,61442,61443,61445],{},[30,61444,886],{}," to add one item",[14,61447,42246,61448,2030,61452,310],{},[273,61449,2056,61450,887],{"href":883},[30,61451,886],{},[273,61453,53201],{"href":53200},[18,61455,1357,61457,61459],{"id":61456},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[30,61458,1937],{}," with different iterables",[14,61461,61462,61464],{},[30,61463,1937],{}," works with more than just lists.",[664,61466,61468],{"id":61467},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[23,61470,61472],{"className":25,"code":61471,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,61473,61474,61490,61508,61512,61522],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61475,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484,61486,61488],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61477,1071],{"class":39},[33,61479,44],{"class":43},[33,61481,48],{"class":47},[33,61483,52],{"class":51},[33,61485,55],{"class":47},[33,61487,58],{"class":51},[33,61489,66],{"class":47},[33,61491,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61493,1096],{"class":39},[33,61495,310],{"class":47},[33,61497,53625],{"class":162},[33,61499,1010],{"class":47},[33,61501,2240],{"class":51},[33,61503,55],{"class":47},[33,61505,1132],{"class":51},[33,61507,733],{"class":47},[33,61509,61510],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61511,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61513,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61515,157],{"class":156},[33,61517,133],{"class":47},[33,61519,1096],{"class":162},[33,61521,143],{"class":47},[33,61523,61524],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61525,52875],{"class":1308},[14,61527,61528],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[664,61530,61532],{"id":61531},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[23,61534,61536],{"className":25,"code":61535,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[30,61537,61538,61554,61573,61577,61587],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61539,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550,61552],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61541,124],{"class":39},[33,61543,44],{"class":43},[33,61545,48],{"class":47},[33,61547,80],{"class":79},[33,61549,273],{"class":83},[33,61551,80],{"class":79},[33,61553,66],{"class":47},[33,61555,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61569,61571],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61557,199],{"class":39},[33,61559,310],{"class":47},[33,61561,53625],{"class":162},[33,61563,133],{"class":47},[33,61565,80],{"class":79},[33,61567,61568],{"class":83},"bc",[33,61570,80],{"class":79},[33,61572,143],{"class":47},[33,61574,61575],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61576,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61578,61579,61581,61583,61585],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61580,157],{"class":156},[33,61582,133],{"class":47},[33,61584,199],{"class":162},[33,61586,143],{"class":47},[33,61588,61589],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61590,61591],{"class":1308},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61593,61594],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[664,61596,61598],{"id":61597},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[23,61600,61602],{"className":25,"code":61601,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[30,61603,61604,61616,61638,61642,61652],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61605,61606,61608,61610,61612,61614],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61607,40],{"class":39},[33,61609,44],{"class":43},[33,61611,48],{"class":47},[33,61613,1114],{"class":51},[33,61615,66],{"class":47},[33,61617,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61619,163],{"class":39},[33,61621,310],{"class":47},[33,61623,53625],{"class":162},[33,61625,133],{"class":47},[33,61627,1080],{"class":156},[33,61629,133],{"class":47},[33,61631,52],{"class":51},[33,61633,55],{"class":47},[33,61635,1132],{"class":51},[33,61637,733],{"class":47},[33,61639,61640],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61641,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61643,61644,61646,61648,61650],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61645,157],{"class":156},[33,61647,133],{"class":47},[33,61649,163],{"class":162},[33,61651,143],{"class":47},[33,61653,61654],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61655,61656],{"class":1308},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61658,61659,61662,61663,1931,61665,1938,61667,310],{},[30,61660,61661],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[30,61664,52],{},[30,61666,2234],{},[30,61668,2240],{},[664,61670,61672],{"id":61671},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[23,61674,61676],{"className":25,"code":61675,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,61677,61678,61694,61712,61716],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61679,61680,61682,61684,61686,61688,61690,61692],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61681,377],{"class":39},[33,61683,44],{"class":43},[33,61685,48],{"class":47},[33,61687,52],{"class":51},[33,61689,55],{"class":47},[33,61691,58],{"class":51},[33,61693,66],{"class":47},[33,61695,61696,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61697,414],{"class":39},[33,61699,310],{"class":47},[33,61701,53625],{"class":162},[33,61703,5688],{"class":47},[33,61705,2240],{"class":51},[33,61707,55],{"class":47},[33,61709,1132],{"class":51},[33,61711,30650],{"class":47},[33,61713,61714],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61715,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61717,61718,61720,61722,61724],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61719,157],{"class":156},[33,61721,133],{"class":47},[33,61723,414],{"class":162},[33,61725,143],{"class":47},[14,61727,61728],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[18,61730,61732],{"id":61731},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61734,61735,2572,61737,310],{},[30,61736,1937],{},[30,61738,3950],{},[14,61740,61741,61742,3061],{},"That means this is ",[205,61743,61744],{},"wrong",[23,61746,61748],{"className":25,"code":61747,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[30,61749,61750,61766,61788,61792,61802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61751,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61753,40],{"class":39},[33,61755,44],{"class":43},[33,61757,48],{"class":47},[33,61759,52],{"class":51},[33,61761,55],{"class":47},[33,61763,58],{"class":51},[33,61765,66],{"class":47},[33,61767,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61769,1506],{"class":39},[33,61771,44],{"class":43},[33,61773,4430],{"class":39},[33,61775,310],{"class":47},[33,61777,53625],{"class":162},[33,61779,3162],{"class":47},[33,61781,2240],{"class":51},[33,61783,55],{"class":47},[33,61785,1132],{"class":51},[33,61787,4059],{"class":47},[33,61789,61790],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61791,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61793,61794,61796,61798,61800],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61795,157],{"class":156},[33,61797,133],{"class":47},[33,61799,1530],{"class":162},[33,61801,143],{"class":47},[33,61803,61804],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61805,61806],{"class":1308},"# None\n",[14,61808,61809],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[23,61811,61813],{"className":25,"code":61812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[30,61814,61815,61831,61853,61857,61867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61816,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825,61827,61829],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61818,40],{"class":39},[33,61820,44],{"class":43},[33,61822,48],{"class":47},[33,61824,52],{"class":51},[33,61826,55],{"class":47},[33,61828,58],{"class":51},[33,61830,66],{"class":47},[33,61832,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61834,40],{"class":39},[33,61836,44],{"class":43},[33,61838,4430],{"class":39},[33,61840,310],{"class":47},[33,61842,53625],{"class":162},[33,61844,3162],{"class":47},[33,61846,2240],{"class":51},[33,61848,55],{"class":47},[33,61850,1132],{"class":51},[33,61852,4059],{"class":47},[33,61854,61855],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61856,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61858,61859,61861,61863,61865],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61860,157],{"class":156},[33,61862,133],{"class":47},[33,61864,163],{"class":162},[33,61866,143],{"class":47},[33,61868,61869],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61870,61806],{"class":1308},[14,61872,61873],{},"The correct way is:",[23,61875,61876],{"className":25,"code":61313,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,61877,61878,61894,61912,61916,61926],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61879,61880,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61881,40],{"class":39},[33,61883,44],{"class":43},[33,61885,48],{"class":47},[33,61887,52],{"class":51},[33,61889,55],{"class":47},[33,61891,58],{"class":51},[33,61893,66],{"class":47},[33,61895,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61897,163],{"class":39},[33,61899,310],{"class":47},[33,61901,53625],{"class":162},[33,61903,3162],{"class":47},[33,61905,2240],{"class":51},[33,61907,55],{"class":47},[33,61909,1132],{"class":51},[33,61911,4059],{"class":47},[33,61913,61914],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61915,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61917,61918,61920,61922,61924],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61919,157],{"class":156},[33,61921,133],{"class":47},[33,61923,163],{"class":162},[33,61925,143],{"class":47},[33,61927,61928],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,61929,52875],{"class":1308},[14,61931,56054,61932,61934],{},[30,61933,1937],{}," first, then use the original list.",[18,61936,1288],{"id":1287},[14,61938,14887,61939,310],{},[30,61940,1937],{},[664,61942,61944,61945,61947],{"id":61943},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[30,61946,1937],{}," to return a new list",[23,61949,61951],{"className":25,"code":61950,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[30,61952,61953,61969,61991,61995,62005],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,61954,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,61956,40],{"class":39},[33,61958,44],{"class":43},[33,61960,48],{"class":47},[33,61962,52],{"class":51},[33,61964,55],{"class":47},[33,61966,58],{"class":51},[33,61968,66],{"class":47},[33,61970,61971,61973,61975,61977,61979,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,61972,55787],{"class":39},[33,61974,44],{"class":43},[33,61976,4430],{"class":39},[33,61978,310],{"class":47},[33,61980,53625],{"class":162},[33,61982,3162],{"class":47},[33,61984,2240],{"class":51},[33,61986,55],{"class":47},[33,61988,1132],{"class":51},[33,61990,4059],{"class":47},[33,61992,61993],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,61994,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,61996,61997,61999,62001,62003],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,61998,157],{"class":156},[33,62000,133],{"class":47},[33,62002,55806],{"class":162},[33,62004,143],{"class":47},[33,62006,62007],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62008,61806],{"class":1308},[14,62010,62011,62012,310],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[30,62013,1937],{},[664,62015,62017,62018,44783,62020,62022],{"id":62016},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[30,62019,886],{},[30,62021,1937],{}," is needed",[23,62024,62025],{"className":25,"code":61376,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,62026,62027,62043,62061,62065,62075],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62028,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62030,40],{"class":39},[33,62032,44],{"class":43},[33,62034,48],{"class":47},[33,62036,52],{"class":51},[33,62038,55],{"class":47},[33,62040,58],{"class":51},[33,62042,66],{"class":47},[33,62044,62045,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62046,163],{"class":39},[33,62048,310],{"class":47},[33,62050,780],{"class":162},[33,62052,3162],{"class":47},[33,62054,2240],{"class":51},[33,62056,55],{"class":47},[33,62058,1132],{"class":51},[33,62060,4059],{"class":47},[33,62062,62063],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62064,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62066,62067,62069,62071,62073],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62068,157],{"class":156},[33,62070,133],{"class":47},[33,62072,163],{"class":162},[33,62074,143],{"class":47},[33,62076,62077],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62078,61431],{"class":1308},[14,62080,62081,62082,54040,62084,6789],{},"If you wanted ",[30,62083,54039],{},[30,62085,1937],{},[664,62087,62089],{"id":62088},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[23,62091,62093],{"className":25,"code":62092,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[30,62094,62095,62111,62129,62133,62143],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62096,62097,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62098,1655],{"class":39},[33,62100,44],{"class":43},[33,62102,48],{"class":47},[33,62104,80],{"class":79},[33,62106,545],{"class":83},[33,62108,80],{"class":79},[33,62110,66],{"class":47},[33,62112,62113,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123,62125,62127],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62114,1680],{"class":39},[33,62116,310],{"class":47},[33,62118,53625],{"class":162},[33,62120,133],{"class":47},[33,62122,80],{"class":79},[33,62124,1708],{"class":83},[33,62126,80],{"class":79},[33,62128,143],{"class":47},[33,62130,62131],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62132,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62134,62135,62137,62139,62141],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62136,157],{"class":156},[33,62138,133],{"class":47},[33,62140,1680],{"class":162},[33,62142,143],{"class":47},[33,62144,62145],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62146,62147],{"class":1308},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62149,62150,62151,62154,62155,3061],{},"If you want ",[30,62152,62153],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[30,62156,886],{},[23,62158,62160],{"className":25,"code":62159,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[30,62161,62162,62178,62196,62200,62210],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62163,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174,62176],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62165,1655],{"class":39},[33,62167,44],{"class":43},[33,62169,48],{"class":47},[33,62171,80],{"class":79},[33,62173,545],{"class":83},[33,62175,80],{"class":79},[33,62177,66],{"class":47},[33,62179,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62181,1680],{"class":39},[33,62183,310],{"class":47},[33,62185,780],{"class":162},[33,62187,133],{"class":47},[33,62189,80],{"class":79},[33,62191,1708],{"class":83},[33,62193,80],{"class":79},[33,62195,143],{"class":47},[33,62197,62198],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62199,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62203,157],{"class":156},[33,62205,133],{"class":47},[33,62207,1680],{"class":162},[33,62209,143],{"class":47},[33,62211,62212],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62213,62214],{"class":1308},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[664,62216,62218],{"id":62217},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[23,62220,62222],{"className":25,"code":62221,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[30,62223,62224,62240],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62225,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62227,40],{"class":39},[33,62229,44],{"class":43},[33,62231,48],{"class":47},[33,62233,52],{"class":51},[33,62235,55],{"class":47},[33,62237,58],{"class":51},[33,62239,66],{"class":47},[33,62241,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250,62252],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62243,163],{"class":39},[33,62245,310],{"class":47},[33,62247,53625],{"class":162},[33,62249,133],{"class":47},[33,62251,1085],{"class":51},[33,62253,143],{"class":47},[14,62255,39808,62256,6709],{},[30,62257,1085],{},[14,62259,62260,62261,62263,62264,62267],{},"You will get a ",[30,62262,3181],{},". See ",[273,62265,62266],{"href":52752},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62269,62270],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[23,62272,62274],{"className":25,"code":62273,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[30,62275,62276,62286,62300,62312],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62277,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62279,157],{"class":156},[33,62281,133],{"class":47},[33,62283,715],{"class":162},[33,62285,143],{"class":47},[33,62287,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62289,157],{"class":156},[33,62291,133],{"class":47},[33,62293,1406],{"class":129},[33,62295,133],{"class":47},[33,62297,1096],{"class":162},[33,62299,733],{"class":47},[33,62301,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62303,157],{"class":156},[33,62305,133],{"class":47},[33,62307,1530],{"class":162},[33,62309,3831],{"class":47},[33,62311,143],{"class":39},[33,62313,62314,62316,62318,62320,62322,62324],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62315,32307],{"class":156},[33,62317,133],{"class":47},[33,62319,1879],{"class":129},[33,62321,310],{"class":47},[33,62323,53625],{"class":24904},[33,62325,143],{"class":47},[43733,62327,62328],{},[14,62329,62330,62331,62334,62335,62337,62338,310],{},"Note: ",[30,62332,62333],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[30,62336,3831],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[30,62339,33182],{},[14,62341,62342],{},"Correct debugging example:",[23,62344,62346],{"className":25,"code":62345,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[30,62347,62348,62364,62380,62384,62398,62402,62410,62420,62434,62444],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62349,62350,62352,62354,62356,62358,62360,62362],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62351,698],{"class":39},[33,62353,44],{"class":43},[33,62355,48],{"class":47},[33,62357,52],{"class":51},[33,62359,55],{"class":47},[33,62361,58],{"class":51},[33,62363,66],{"class":47},[33,62365,62366,62368,62370,62372,62374,62376,62378],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62367,1071],{"class":39},[33,62369,44],{"class":43},[33,62371,48],{"class":47},[33,62373,2240],{"class":51},[33,62375,55],{"class":47},[33,62377,1132],{"class":51},[33,62379,66],{"class":47},[33,62381,62382],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62383,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62385,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62387,715],{"class":39},[33,62389,310],{"class":47},[33,62391,53625],{"class":162},[33,62393,133],{"class":47},[33,62395,1096],{"class":162},[33,62397,143],{"class":47},[33,62399,62400],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62401,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62403,62404,62406,62408],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,62405,1506],{"class":39},[33,62407,44],{"class":43},[33,62409,48681],{"class":398},[33,62411,62412,62414,62416,62418],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,62413,157],{"class":156},[33,62415,133],{"class":47},[33,62417,715],{"class":162},[33,62419,143],{"class":47},[33,62421,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62432],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,62423,157],{"class":156},[33,62425,133],{"class":47},[33,62427,1406],{"class":129},[33,62429,133],{"class":47},[33,62431,1096],{"class":162},[33,62433,733],{"class":47},[33,62435,62436,62438,62440,62442],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,62437,157],{"class":156},[33,62439,133],{"class":47},[33,62441,1530],{"class":162},[33,62443,143],{"class":47},[33,62445,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,62447,32307],{"class":156},[33,62449,133],{"class":47},[33,62451,1879],{"class":129},[33,62453,310],{"class":47},[33,62455,53625],{"class":24904},[33,62457,143],{"class":47},[18,62459,5127,62461],{"id":62460},"when-to-use-extend",[30,62462,1937],{},[14,62464,672,62465,6477],{},[30,62466,1937],{},[316,62468,62469,62472,62475],{},[319,62470,62471],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[319,62473,62474],{},"Add multiple values at once",[319,62476,62477],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62479,5632],{},[23,62481,62483],{"className":25,"code":62482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[30,62484,62485,62502,62520,62524,62540,62544,62554],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62486,62487,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498,62500],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62488,62489],{"class":39},"all_scores ",[33,62491,44],{"class":43},[33,62493,48],{"class":47},[33,62495,13656],{"class":51},[33,62497,55],{"class":47},[33,62499,13661],{"class":51},[33,62501,66],{"class":47},[33,62503,62504,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62518],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62505,62506],{"class":39},"new_scores ",[33,62508,44],{"class":43},[33,62510,48],{"class":47},[33,62512,51658],{"class":51},[33,62514,55],{"class":47},[33,62516,62517],{"class":51}," 92",[33,62519,66],{"class":47},[33,62521,62522],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62523,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62525,62526,62529,62531,62533,62535,62538],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62527,62528],{"class":39},"all_scores",[33,62530,310],{"class":47},[33,62532,53625],{"class":162},[33,62534,133],{"class":47},[33,62536,62537],{"class":162},"new_scores",[33,62539,143],{"class":47},[33,62541,62542],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62543,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62545,62546,62548,62550,62552],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,62547,157],{"class":156},[33,62549,133],{"class":47},[33,62551,62528],{"class":162},[33,62553,143],{"class":47},[33,62555,62556],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,62557,62558],{"class":1308},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62560,62561,62562,62564,62565,310],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[30,62563,886],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[273,62566,2056,62567,887],{"href":1941},[30,62568,1944],{},[18,62570,1961],{"id":1960},[664,62572,12857,62574,55615],{"id":62573},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[30,62575,53497],{},[14,62577,62578,62579,310],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[30,62580,3950],{},[664,62582,2027,62584,2030,62586,2033],{"id":62583},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[30,62585,1937],{},[30,62587,886],{},[14,62589,62590,62592,62593,62595],{},[30,62591,1937],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[30,62594,886],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[664,62597,28481,62599,62601],{"id":62598},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[30,62600,1937],{}," with a string?",[14,62603,62604],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[664,62606,28481,62608,62610],{"id":62607},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[30,62609,1937],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62612,62613],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[664,62615,62617,62618,2033],{"id":62616},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[30,62619,1937],{},[14,62621,62622,62623,62625],{},"You get a ",[30,62624,3181],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[18,62627,2045],{"id":2044},[316,62629,62630,62636,62640,62644,62648,62654,62658],{},[319,62631,62632],{},[273,62633,2056,62634,887],{"href":883},[30,62635,886],{},[319,62637,62638],{},[273,62639,54425],{"href":53200},[319,62641,62642],{},[273,62643,57372],{"href":57297},[319,62645,62646],{},[273,62647,52923],{"href":451},[319,62649,62650],{},[273,62651,2056,62652,887],{"href":1941},[30,62653,1944],{},[319,62655,62656],{},[273,62657,62266],{"href":52752},[319,62659,62660],{},[273,62661,2056,62662,887],{"href":55107},[30,62663,12930],{},[14,62665,62666,62667,62669,62670,62672],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[30,62668,886],{},", when to use ",[30,62671,1944],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2097,62674,62675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":62677},[62678,62679,62681,62682,62683,62690,62697,62698,62706,62708,62720],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":61075,"depth":69,"text":62680},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":61156,"depth":69,"text":61157},{"id":61293,"depth":69,"text":62684,"children":62685},"extend() vs append()",[62686,62688],{"id":61307,"depth":110,"text":62687},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61370,"depth":110,"text":62689},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61456,"depth":69,"text":62691,"children":62692},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62693,62694,62695,62696],{"id":61467,"depth":110,"text":61468},{"id":61531,"depth":110,"text":61532},{"id":61597,"depth":110,"text":61598},{"id":61671,"depth":110,"text":61672},{"id":61731,"depth":69,"text":61732},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":62699},[62700,62702,62704,62705],{"id":61943,"depth":110,"text":62701},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62016,"depth":110,"text":62703},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62088,"depth":110,"text":62089},{"id":62217,"depth":110,"text":62218},{"id":62460,"depth":69,"text":62707},"When to use extend()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":62709},[62710,62712,62714,62716,62718],{"id":62573,"depth":110,"text":62711},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62583,"depth":110,"text":62713},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62598,"depth":110,"text":62715},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62607,"depth":110,"text":62717},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62616,"depth":110,"text":62719},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60979,"description":62721},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62728,"title":62729,"body":62730,"description":64821,"extension":2138,"meta":64822,"navigation":149,"path":64823,"seo":64824,"stem":64825,"__hash__":64826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62731,"toc":64784},[62732,62735,62740,62746,62757,62763,62765,62834,62836,62885,62893,62897,62902,62905,62916,62921,62923,62925,62946,62959,62962,62975,62977,62982,63007,63009,63017,63020,63089,63091,63115,63121,63125,63129,63165,63167,63187,63194,63198,63231,63233,63267,63272,63276,63309,63311,63339,63347,63351,63388,63390,63411,63414,63418,63487,63489,63513,63519,63526,63530,63533,63535,63549,63552,63576,63578,63603,63606,63625,63627,63653,63662,63666,63673,63750,63752,63793,63799,63805,63896,63898,63954,63957,63962,63966,63971,63975,64034,64036,64061,64065,64128,64130,64155,64159,64222,64224,64267,64270,64274,64278,64300,64304,64386,64388,64423,64431,64433,64437,64441,64443,64470,64475,64477,64504,64511,64514,64537,64539,64588,64591,64594,64613,64617,64620,64671,64674,64680,64684,64689,64692,64694,64700,64709,64713,64719,64723,64726,64730,64733,64737,64743,64745,64781],[10,62733,62729],{"id":62734},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62736,9279,62737,62739],{},[30,62738,305],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62741,62742,62743,62745],{},"Beginners usually use ",[30,62744,305],{}," for two main reasons:",[316,62747,62748,62751],{},[319,62749,62750],{},"to make an empty list",[319,62752,62753,62754,62756],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[30,62755,1080],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62758,62759,62760,62762],{},"This page explains how ",[30,62761,305],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[18,62764,2180],{"id":2179},[23,62766,62768],{"className":25,"code":62767,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[30,62769,62770,62792,62810,62814,62824],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62771,62772,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62773,40],{"class":39},[33,62775,44],{"class":43},[33,62777,130],{"class":129},[33,62779,1010],{"class":47},[33,62781,52],{"class":51},[33,62783,55],{"class":47},[33,62785,58],{"class":51},[33,62787,55],{"class":47},[33,62789,63],{"class":51},[33,62791,733],{"class":47},[33,62793,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806,62808],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62795,124],{"class":39},[33,62797,44],{"class":43},[33,62799,130],{"class":129},[33,62801,133],{"class":47},[33,62803,80],{"class":79},[33,62805,138],{"class":83},[33,62807,80],{"class":79},[33,62809,143],{"class":47},[33,62811,62812],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,62813,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,62815,62816,62818,62820,62822],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,62817,157],{"class":156},[33,62819,133],{"class":47},[33,62821,163],{"class":162},[33,62823,143],{"class":47},[33,62825,62826,62828,62830,62832],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,62827,157],{"class":156},[33,62829,133],{"class":47},[33,62831,199],{"class":162},[33,62833,143],{"class":47},[14,62835,207],{},[23,62837,62839],{"className":25,"code":62838,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[30,62840,62841,62857],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62842,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62844,217],{"class":47},[33,62846,52],{"class":51},[33,62848,55],{"class":47},[33,62850,58],{"class":51},[33,62852,55],{"class":47},[33,62854,63],{"class":51},[33,62856,66],{"class":47},[33,62858,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62860,217],{"class":47},[33,62862,236],{"class":79},[33,62864,273],{"class":83},[33,62866,236],{"class":79},[33,62868,55],{"class":47},[33,62870,245],{"class":79},[33,62872,282],{"class":83},[33,62874,236],{"class":79},[33,62876,55],{"class":47},[33,62878,245],{"class":79},[33,62880,291],{"class":83},[33,62882,236],{"class":79},[33,62884,66],{"class":47},[14,62886,672,62887,62889,62890,62892],{},[30,62888,305],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[30,62891,1080],{},", set, or dictionary.",[18,62894,62896],{"id":62895},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62898,62899,62901],{},[30,62900,305],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62903,62904],{},"It can:",[316,62906,62907,62910,62913],{},[319,62908,62909],{},"create a new list object",[319,62911,62912],{},"make an empty list",[319,62914,62915],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62917,62918,62919,310],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[273,62920,52923],{"href":451},[18,62922,2334],{"id":2333},[14,62924,26639],{},[23,62926,62928],{"className":25,"code":62927,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[30,62929,62930,62936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62931,62932,62934],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62933,1879],{"class":129},[33,62935,1671],{"class":47},[33,62937,62938,62940,62942,62944],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,62939,1879],{"class":129},[33,62941,133],{"class":47},[33,62943,3892],{"class":162},[33,62945,143],{"class":47},[316,62947,62948,62953],{},[319,62949,62950,62952],{},[30,62951,305],{}," makes an empty list",[319,62954,62955,62958],{},[30,62956,62957],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62960,62961],{},"Common iterable values include:",[316,62963,62964,62966,62968,62970,62973],{},[319,62965,906],{},[319,62967,909],{},[319,62969,912],{},[319,62971,62972],{},"ranges",[319,62974,7410],{},[18,62976,685],{"id":684},[14,62978,672,62979,62981],{},[30,62980,305],{}," with no arguments:",[23,62983,62985],{"className":25,"code":62984,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[30,62986,62987,62997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,62988,62989,62991,62993,62995],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,62990,377],{"class":39},[33,62992,44],{"class":43},[33,62994,130],{"class":129},[33,62996,1671],{"class":47},[33,62998,62999,63001,63003,63005],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63000,157],{"class":156},[33,63002,133],{"class":47},[33,63004,414],{"class":162},[33,63006,143],{"class":47},[14,63008,207],{},[23,63010,63011],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63012,63013],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63014,63015],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63016,264],{"class":47},[14,63018,63019],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[23,63021,63023],{"className":25,"code":63022,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,63024,63025,63035,63039,63057,63075,63079],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63026,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63028,377],{"class":39},[33,63030,44],{"class":43},[33,63032,130],{"class":129},[33,63034,1671],{"class":47},[33,63036,63037],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63038,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63040,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,63042,414],{"class":39},[33,63044,310],{"class":47},[33,63046,780],{"class":162},[33,63048,133],{"class":47},[33,63050,80],{"class":79},[33,63052,386],{"class":83},[33,63054,80],{"class":79},[33,63056,143],{"class":47},[33,63058,63059,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,63060,414],{"class":39},[33,63062,310],{"class":47},[33,63064,780],{"class":162},[33,63066,133],{"class":47},[33,63068,80],{"class":79},[33,63070,4255],{"class":83},[33,63072,80],{"class":79},[33,63074,143],{"class":47},[33,63076,63077],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,63078,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63080,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,63082,157],{"class":156},[33,63084,133],{"class":47},[33,63086,414],{"class":162},[33,63088,143],{"class":47},[14,63090,207],{},[23,63092,63093],{"className":25,"code":38577,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63094,63095],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63096,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63098,217],{"class":47},[33,63100,236],{"class":79},[33,63102,386],{"class":83},[33,63104,236],{"class":79},[33,63106,55],{"class":47},[33,63108,245],{"class":79},[33,63110,4255],{"class":83},[33,63112,236],{"class":79},[33,63114,66],{"class":47},[14,63116,63117,63118,63120],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[30,63119,301],{},". Both are valid.",[18,63122,63124],{"id":63123},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[664,63126,63128],{"id":63127},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[23,63130,63131],{"className":25,"code":997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63132,63133,63155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63134,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63136,40],{"class":39},[33,63138,44],{"class":43},[33,63140,130],{"class":129},[33,63142,1010],{"class":47},[33,63144,52],{"class":51},[33,63146,55],{"class":47},[33,63148,58],{"class":51},[33,63150,55],{"class":47},[33,63152,63],{"class":51},[33,63154,733],{"class":47},[33,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63158,157],{"class":156},[33,63160,133],{"class":47},[33,63162,163],{"class":162},[33,63164,143],{"class":47},[14,63166,207],{},[23,63168,63169],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63170,63171],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63172,63173,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63174,217],{"class":47},[33,63176,52],{"class":51},[33,63178,55],{"class":47},[33,63180,58],{"class":51},[33,63182,55],{"class":47},[33,63184,63],{"class":51},[33,63186,66],{"class":47},[14,63188,63189,63190,310],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[273,63191,63193],{"href":63192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[664,63195,63197],{"id":63196},"string-to-list","String to list",[23,63199,63201],{"className":25,"code":63200,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,63202,63203,63221],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63206,124],{"class":39},[33,63208,44],{"class":43},[33,63210,130],{"class":129},[33,63212,133],{"class":47},[33,63214,80],{"class":79},[33,63216,37201],{"class":83},[33,63218,80],{"class":79},[33,63220,143],{"class":47},[33,63222,63223,63225,63227,63229],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63224,157],{"class":156},[33,63226,133],{"class":47},[33,63228,199],{"class":162},[33,63230,143],{"class":47},[14,63232,207],{},[23,63234,63236],{"className":25,"code":63235,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[30,63237,63238],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63239,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63263,63265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63241,217],{"class":47},[33,63243,236],{"class":79},[33,63245,291],{"class":83},[33,63247,236],{"class":79},[33,63249,55],{"class":47},[33,63251,245],{"class":79},[33,63253,273],{"class":83},[33,63255,236],{"class":79},[33,63257,55],{"class":47},[33,63259,245],{"class":79},[33,63261,63262],{"class":83},"t",[33,63264,236],{"class":79},[33,63266,66],{"class":47},[14,63268,63269,63271],{},[30,63270,305],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[664,63273,63275],{"id":63274},"range-to-list","Range to list",[23,63277,63279],{"className":25,"code":63278,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,63280,63281,63299],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63282,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63284,40],{"class":39},[33,63286,44],{"class":43},[33,63288,130],{"class":129},[33,63290,133],{"class":47},[33,63292,1080],{"class":156},[33,63294,133],{"class":47},[33,63296,1085],{"class":51},[33,63298,733],{"class":47},[33,63300,63301,63303,63305,63307],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63302,157],{"class":156},[33,63304,133],{"class":47},[33,63306,163],{"class":162},[33,63308,143],{"class":47},[14,63310,207],{},[23,63312,63313],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63314,63315],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63316,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63318,217],{"class":47},[33,63320,1114],{"class":51},[33,63322,55],{"class":47},[33,63324,1119],{"class":51},[33,63326,55],{"class":47},[33,63328,58],{"class":51},[33,63330,55],{"class":47},[33,63332,63],{"class":51},[33,63334,55],{"class":47},[33,63336,1132],{"class":51},[33,63338,66],{"class":47},[14,63340,63341,63342,63346],{},"This is common when working with ",[273,63343,63344],{"href":36349},[30,63345,309],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[664,63348,63350],{"id":63349},"set-to-list","Set to list",[23,63352,63354],{"className":25,"code":63353,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[30,63355,63356,63378],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63357,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63359,1071],{"class":39},[33,63361,44],{"class":43},[33,63363,130],{"class":129},[33,63365,5688],{"class":47},[33,63367,538],{"class":51},[33,63369,55],{"class":47},[33,63371,7949],{"class":51},[33,63373,55],{"class":47},[33,63375,7954],{"class":51},[33,63377,30650],{"class":47},[33,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63381,157],{"class":156},[33,63383,133],{"class":47},[33,63385,1096],{"class":162},[33,63387,143],{"class":47},[14,63389,17111],{},[23,63391,63393],{"className":25,"code":63392,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[30,63394,63395],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63396,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63398,217],{"class":47},[33,63400,538],{"class":51},[33,63402,55],{"class":47},[33,63404,7949],{"class":51},[33,63406,55],{"class":47},[33,63408,7954],{"class":51},[33,63410,66],{"class":47},[14,63412,63413],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[664,63415,63417],{"id":63416},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[23,63419,63421],{"className":25,"code":63420,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,63422,63423,63459,63473,63477],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63424,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63426,13358],{"class":39},[33,63428,44],{"class":43},[33,63430,10644],{"class":47},[33,63432,80],{"class":79},[33,63434,7827],{"class":83},[33,63436,80],{"class":79},[33,63438,3061],{"class":47},[33,63440,91],{"class":79},[33,63442,84],{"class":83},[33,63444,80],{"class":79},[33,63446,55],{"class":47},[33,63448,91],{"class":79},[33,63450,9453],{"class":83},[33,63452,80],{"class":79},[33,63454,3061],{"class":47},[33,63456,1196],{"class":51},[33,63458,9462],{"class":47},[33,63460,63461,63463,63465,63467,63469,63471],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63462,1506],{"class":39},[33,63464,44],{"class":43},[33,63466,130],{"class":129},[33,63468,133],{"class":47},[33,63470,17459],{"class":162},[33,63472,143],{"class":47},[33,63474,63475],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,63476,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63478,63479,63481,63483,63485],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,63480,157],{"class":156},[33,63482,133],{"class":47},[33,63484,1530],{"class":162},[33,63486,143],{"class":47},[14,63488,207],{},[23,63490,63491],{"className":25,"code":25634,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63492,63493],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63494,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63496,217],{"class":47},[33,63498,236],{"class":79},[33,63500,7827],{"class":83},[33,63502,236],{"class":79},[33,63504,55],{"class":47},[33,63506,245],{"class":79},[33,63508,9453],{"class":83},[33,63510,236],{"class":79},[33,63512,66],{"class":47},[14,63514,63515,63516,63518],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[30,63517,305],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63520,63521,63522,310],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[273,63523,63525],{"href":63524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[18,63527,63529],{"id":63528},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63531,63532],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63534,61130],{},[316,63536,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547],{},[319,63538,5464],{},[319,63540,909],{},[319,63542,906],{},[319,63544,912],{},[319,63546,62972],{},[319,63548,7410],{},[14,63550,63551],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[23,63553,63555],{"className":25,"code":63554,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[30,63556,63557],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63558,63559,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63572,63574],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63560,157],{"class":156},[33,63562,133],{"class":47},[33,63564,1879],{"class":129},[33,63566,133],{"class":47},[33,63568,80],{"class":79},[33,63570,63571],{"class":83},"hi",[33,63573,80],{"class":79},[33,63575,733],{"class":47},[14,63577,207],{},[23,63579,63581],{"className":25,"code":63580,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['h', 'i']\n",[30,63582,63583],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63584,63585,63587,63589,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63586,217],{"class":47},[33,63588,236],{"class":79},[33,63590,1550],{"class":83},[33,63592,236],{"class":79},[33,63594,55],{"class":47},[33,63596,245],{"class":79},[33,63598,36308],{"class":83},[33,63600,236],{"class":79},[33,63602,66],{"class":47},[14,63604,63605],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[23,63607,63609],{"className":25,"code":63608,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(5))\n",[30,63610,63611],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63612,63613,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63614,157],{"class":156},[33,63616,133],{"class":47},[33,63618,1879],{"class":129},[33,63620,133],{"class":47},[33,63622,1085],{"class":51},[33,63624,733],{"class":47},[14,63626,207],{},[23,63628,63630],{"className":25,"code":63629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[30,63631,63632],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63633,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63635,3181],{"class":129},[33,63637,3061],{"class":47},[33,63639,245],{"class":79},[33,63641,2366],{"class":83},[33,63643,236],{"class":79},[33,63645,24771],{"class":129},[33,63647,8254],{"class":43},[33,63649,8257],{"class":43},[33,63651,63652],{"class":39}," iterable\n",[14,63654,63655,63656,63658,63659,310],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[273,63657,5301],{"href":5745},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[273,63660,63661],{"href":52752},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[18,63663,63665],{"id":63664},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63667,63668,63669,63672],{},"If you already have a list, ",[30,63670,63671],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[23,63674,63676],{"className":25,"code":63675,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[30,63677,63678,63698,63712,63716,63726,63736],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63679,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63681,12238],{"class":39},[33,63683,44],{"class":43},[33,63685,48],{"class":47},[33,63687,52],{"class":51},[33,63689,55],{"class":47},[33,63691,58],{"class":51},[33,63693,55],{"class":47},[33,63695,63],{"class":51},[33,63697,66],{"class":47},[33,63699,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63701,14465],{"class":39},[33,63703,44],{"class":43},[33,63705,130],{"class":129},[33,63707,133],{"class":47},[33,63709,12285],{"class":162},[33,63711,143],{"class":47},[33,63713,63714],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,63715,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63717,63718,63720,63722,63724],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,63719,157],{"class":156},[33,63721,133],{"class":47},[33,63723,12285],{"class":162},[33,63725,143],{"class":47},[33,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,63729,157],{"class":156},[33,63731,133],{"class":47},[33,63733,14484],{"class":162},[33,63735,143],{"class":47},[33,63737,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,63739,157],{"class":156},[33,63741,133],{"class":47},[33,63743,12238],{"class":162},[33,63745,12346],{"class":4046},[33,63747,14538],{"class":162},[33,63749,143],{"class":47},[14,63751,207],{},[23,63753,63755],{"className":25,"code":63754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[30,63756,63757,63773,63789],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63758,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63760,217],{"class":47},[33,63762,52],{"class":51},[33,63764,55],{"class":47},[33,63766,58],{"class":51},[33,63768,55],{"class":47},[33,63770,63],{"class":51},[33,63772,66],{"class":47},[33,63774,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63776,217],{"class":47},[33,63778,52],{"class":51},[33,63780,55],{"class":47},[33,63782,58],{"class":51},[33,63784,55],{"class":47},[33,63786,63],{"class":51},[33,63788,66],{"class":47},[33,63790,63791],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,63792,4209],{"class":398},[14,63794,63795,63796,63798],{},"This means ",[30,63797,14484],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63800,63801,63802,63804],{},"However, this is only a ",[205,63803,13004],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[23,63806,63808],{"className":25,"code":63807,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[30,63809,63810,63836,63850,63854,63872,63876,63886],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63811,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63813,12238],{"class":39},[33,63815,44],{"class":43},[33,63817,56438],{"class":47},[33,63819,52],{"class":51},[33,63821,55],{"class":47},[33,63823,58],{"class":51},[33,63825,18215],{"class":47},[33,63827,48],{"class":47},[33,63829,2240],{"class":51},[33,63831,55],{"class":47},[33,63833,1132],{"class":51},[33,63835,1217],{"class":47},[33,63837,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63839,14465],{"class":39},[33,63841,44],{"class":43},[33,63843,130],{"class":129},[33,63845,133],{"class":47},[33,63847,12285],{"class":162},[33,63849,143],{"class":47},[33,63851,63852],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,63853,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,63857,14484],{"class":39},[33,63859,217],{"class":47},[33,63861,1114],{"class":51},[33,63863,13704],{"class":47},[33,63865,780],{"class":162},[33,63867,133],{"class":47},[33,63869,56491],{"class":51},[33,63871,143],{"class":47},[33,63873,63874],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,63875,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,63877,63878,63880,63882,63884],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,63879,157],{"class":156},[33,63881,133],{"class":47},[33,63883,12285],{"class":162},[33,63885,143],{"class":47},[33,63887,63888,63890,63892,63894],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,63889,157],{"class":156},[33,63891,133],{"class":47},[33,63893,14484],{"class":162},[33,63895,143],{"class":47},[14,63897,207],{},[23,63899,63900],{"className":25,"code":56522,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,63901,63902,63928],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63903,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63905,56529],{"class":47},[33,63907,52],{"class":51},[33,63909,55],{"class":47},[33,63911,58],{"class":51},[33,63913,55],{"class":47},[33,63915,10350],{"class":51},[33,63917,18215],{"class":47},[33,63919,48],{"class":47},[33,63921,2240],{"class":51},[33,63923,55],{"class":47},[33,63925,1132],{"class":51},[33,63927,1217],{"class":47},[33,63929,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,63931,56529],{"class":47},[33,63933,52],{"class":51},[33,63935,55],{"class":47},[33,63937,58],{"class":51},[33,63939,55],{"class":47},[33,63941,10350],{"class":51},[33,63943,18215],{"class":47},[33,63945,48],{"class":47},[33,63947,2240],{"class":51},[33,63949,55],{"class":47},[33,63951,1132],{"class":51},[33,63953,1217],{"class":47},[14,63955,63956],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63958,63959,63960,310],{},"For more on this, see ",[273,63961,13944],{"href":13943},[18,63963,63965],{"id":63964},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63967,63968,63969,310],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[30,63970,305],{},[664,63972,63974],{"id":63973},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[23,63976,63978],{"className":25,"code":63977,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[30,63979,63980,64020],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,63981,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,63983,13017],{"class":39},[33,63985,44],{"class":43},[33,63987,10644],{"class":47},[33,63989,80],{"class":79},[33,63991,7827],{"class":83},[33,63993,80],{"class":79},[33,63995,3061],{"class":47},[33,63997,91],{"class":79},[33,63999,8079],{"class":83},[33,64001,80],{"class":79},[33,64003,55],{"class":47},[33,64005,91],{"class":79},[33,64007,20044],{"class":83},[33,64009,80],{"class":79},[33,64011,3061],{"class":47},[33,64013,91],{"class":79},[33,64015,22399],{"class":83},[33,64017,80],{"class":79},[33,64019,9462],{"class":47},[33,64021,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64023,157],{"class":156},[33,64025,133],{"class":47},[33,64027,1879],{"class":129},[33,64029,133],{"class":47},[33,64031,13779],{"class":162},[33,64033,733],{"class":47},[14,64035,207],{},[23,64037,64039],{"className":25,"code":64038,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['name', 'grade']\n",[30,64040,64041],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64042,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64044,217],{"class":47},[33,64046,236],{"class":79},[33,64048,7827],{"class":83},[33,64050,236],{"class":79},[33,64052,55],{"class":47},[33,64054,245],{"class":79},[33,64056,20044],{"class":83},[33,64058,236],{"class":79},[33,64060,66],{"class":47},[664,64062,64064],{"id":64063},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[23,64066,64068],{"className":25,"code":64067,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[30,64069,64070,64110],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64071,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64073,13017],{"class":39},[33,64075,44],{"class":43},[33,64077,10644],{"class":47},[33,64079,80],{"class":79},[33,64081,7827],{"class":83},[33,64083,80],{"class":79},[33,64085,3061],{"class":47},[33,64087,91],{"class":79},[33,64089,8079],{"class":83},[33,64091,80],{"class":79},[33,64093,55],{"class":47},[33,64095,91],{"class":79},[33,64097,20044],{"class":83},[33,64099,80],{"class":79},[33,64101,3061],{"class":47},[33,64103,91],{"class":79},[33,64105,22399],{"class":83},[33,64107,80],{"class":79},[33,64109,9462],{"class":47},[33,64111,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64113,157],{"class":156},[33,64115,133],{"class":47},[33,64117,1879],{"class":129},[33,64119,133],{"class":47},[33,64121,13779],{"class":162},[33,64123,310],{"class":47},[33,64125,1096],{"class":162},[33,64127,6449],{"class":47},[14,64129,207],{},[23,64131,64133],{"className":25,"code":64132,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[30,64134,64135],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64136,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64138,217],{"class":47},[33,64140,236],{"class":79},[33,64142,8079],{"class":83},[33,64144,236],{"class":79},[33,64146,55],{"class":47},[33,64148,245],{"class":79},[33,64150,22399],{"class":83},[33,64152,236],{"class":79},[33,64154,66],{"class":47},[664,64156,64158],{"id":64157},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[23,64160,64162],{"className":25,"code":64161,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[30,64163,64164,64204],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64165,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64167,13017],{"class":39},[33,64169,44],{"class":43},[33,64171,10644],{"class":47},[33,64173,80],{"class":79},[33,64175,7827],{"class":83},[33,64177,80],{"class":79},[33,64179,3061],{"class":47},[33,64181,91],{"class":79},[33,64183,8079],{"class":83},[33,64185,80],{"class":79},[33,64187,55],{"class":47},[33,64189,91],{"class":79},[33,64191,20044],{"class":83},[33,64193,80],{"class":79},[33,64195,3061],{"class":47},[33,64197,91],{"class":79},[33,64199,22399],{"class":83},[33,64201,80],{"class":79},[33,64203,9462],{"class":47},[33,64205,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64207,157],{"class":156},[33,64209,133],{"class":47},[33,64211,1879],{"class":129},[33,64213,133],{"class":47},[33,64215,13779],{"class":162},[33,64217,310],{"class":47},[33,64219,414],{"class":162},[33,64221,6449],{"class":47},[14,64223,207],{},[23,64225,64227],{"className":25,"code":64226,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[30,64228,64229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64230,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64232,21894],{"class":47},[33,64234,236],{"class":79},[33,64236,7827],{"class":83},[33,64238,236],{"class":79},[33,64240,55],{"class":47},[33,64242,245],{"class":79},[33,64244,8079],{"class":83},[33,64246,236],{"class":79},[33,64248,9388],{"class":47},[33,64250,1381],{"class":47},[33,64252,236],{"class":79},[33,64254,20044],{"class":83},[33,64256,236],{"class":79},[33,64258,55],{"class":47},[33,64260,245],{"class":79},[33,64262,22399],{"class":83},[33,64264,236],{"class":79},[33,64266,9403],{"class":47},[14,64268,64269],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[18,64271,64273],{"id":64272},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64275,672,64276,10755],{},[30,64277,305],{},[316,64279,64280,64288,64297],{},[319,64281,64282,64283,453,64285],{},"you need list methods like ",[30,64284,886],{},[30,64286,64287],{},"sort()",[319,64289,64290,64291,453,64293,64296],{},"you want to convert ",[30,64292,309],{},[30,64294,64295],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[319,64298,64299],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64301,46194,64302,3061],{},[30,64303,64295],{},[23,64305,64307],{"className":25,"code":64306,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[30,64308,64309,64333,64349,64353,64376],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64310,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64312,72],{"class":39},[33,64314,44],{"class":43},[33,64316,48],{"class":47},[33,64318,80],{"class":79},[33,64320,84],{"class":83},[33,64322,80],{"class":79},[33,64324,55],{"class":47},[33,64326,91],{"class":79},[33,64328,94],{"class":83},[33,64330,80],{"class":79},[33,64332,66],{"class":47},[33,64334,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64336,5228],{"class":39},[33,64338,44],{"class":43},[33,64340,48],{"class":47},[33,64342,13656],{"class":51},[33,64344,55],{"class":47},[33,64346,13661],{"class":51},[33,64348,66],{"class":47},[33,64350,64351],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,64352,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,64354,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,64356,9370],{"class":39},[33,64358,44],{"class":43},[33,64360,130],{"class":129},[33,64362,133],{"class":47},[33,64364,64365],{"class":156},"zip",[33,64367,133],{"class":47},[33,64369,175],{"class":162},[33,64371,55],{"class":47},[33,64373,5275],{"class":162},[33,64375,733],{"class":47},[33,64377,64378,64380,64382,64384],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,64379,157],{"class":156},[33,64381,133],{"class":47},[33,64383,9416],{"class":162},[33,64385,143],{"class":47},[14,64387,207],{},[23,64389,64391],{"className":25,"code":64390,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[30,64392,64393],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64394,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64396,21894],{"class":47},[33,64398,236],{"class":79},[33,64400,84],{"class":83},[33,64402,236],{"class":79},[33,64404,55],{"class":47},[33,64406,20051],{"class":51},[33,64408,9388],{"class":47},[33,64410,1381],{"class":47},[33,64412,236],{"class":79},[33,64414,94],{"class":83},[33,64416,236],{"class":79},[33,64418,55],{"class":47},[33,64420,13661],{"class":51},[33,64422,9403],{"class":47},[14,64424,64425,64426,64428,64429,310],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[30,64427,886],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[273,64430,53201],{"href":53200},[18,64432,1288],{"id":1287},[14,64434,56919,64435,310],{},[30,64436,305],{},[664,64438,64440],{"id":64439},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64442,4691],{},[23,64444,64446],{"className":25,"code":64445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[30,64447,64448,64452],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64449,64450],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64451,1309],{"class":1308},[33,64453,64454,64456,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64455,1879],{"class":129},[33,64457,133],{"class":47},[33,64459,52],{"class":51},[33,64461,55],{"class":47},[33,64463,58],{"class":51},[33,64465,55],{"class":47},[33,64467,63],{"class":51},[33,64469,143],{"class":47},[14,64471,64472,64474],{},[30,64473,305],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64476,18848],{},[23,64478,64480],{"className":25,"code":64479,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[30,64481,64482],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64483,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64485,157],{"class":156},[33,64487,133],{"class":47},[33,64489,1879],{"class":129},[33,64491,1010],{"class":47},[33,64493,52],{"class":51},[33,64495,55],{"class":47},[33,64497,58],{"class":51},[33,64499,55],{"class":47},[33,64501,63],{"class":51},[33,64503,1890],{"class":47},[664,64505,64507,64508],{"id":64506},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[33,64509,64510],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64512,64513],{},"This is a common surprise:",[23,64515,64517],{"className":25,"code":64516,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[30,64518,64519],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64520,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64522,157],{"class":156},[33,64524,133],{"class":47},[33,64526,1879],{"class":129},[33,64528,133],{"class":47},[33,64530,80],{"class":79},[33,64532,545],{"class":83},[33,64534,80],{"class":79},[33,64536,733],{"class":47},[14,64538,207],{},[23,64540,64542],{"className":25,"code":64541,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[30,64543,64544],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64545,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64547,217],{"class":47},[33,64549,236],{"class":79},[33,64551,1550],{"class":83},[33,64553,236],{"class":79},[33,64555,55],{"class":47},[33,64557,245],{"class":79},[33,64559,1559],{"class":83},[33,64561,236],{"class":79},[33,64563,55],{"class":47},[33,64565,245],{"class":79},[33,64567,1568],{"class":83},[33,64569,236],{"class":79},[33,64571,55],{"class":47},[33,64573,245],{"class":79},[33,64575,1568],{"class":83},[33,64577,236],{"class":79},[33,64579,55],{"class":47},[33,64581,245],{"class":79},[33,64583,1585],{"class":83},[33,64585,236],{"class":79},[33,64587,66],{"class":47},[14,64589,64590],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64592,64593],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[23,64595,64597],{"className":25,"code":64596,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[30,64598,64599],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64600,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64602,157],{"class":156},[33,64604,3162],{"class":47},[33,64606,80],{"class":79},[33,64608,545],{"class":83},[33,64610,80],{"class":79},[33,64612,4059],{"class":47},[664,64614,64616],{"id":64615},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64618,64619],{},"This:",[23,64621,64623],{"className":25,"code":64622,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[30,64624,64625,64657],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64626,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64628,1181],{"class":39},[33,64630,44],{"class":43},[33,64632,10644],{"class":47},[33,64634,80],{"class":79},[33,64636,273],{"class":83},[33,64638,80],{"class":79},[33,64640,3061],{"class":47},[33,64642,1119],{"class":51},[33,64644,55],{"class":47},[33,64646,91],{"class":79},[33,64648,282],{"class":83},[33,64650,80],{"class":79},[33,64652,3061],{"class":47},[33,64654,58],{"class":51},[33,64656,9462],{"class":47},[33,64658,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64660,157],{"class":156},[33,64662,133],{"class":47},[33,64664,1879],{"class":129},[33,64666,133],{"class":47},[33,64668,1230],{"class":162},[33,64670,733],{"class":47},[14,64672,64673],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64675,672,64676,64679],{},[30,64677,64678],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[664,64681,64683],{"id":64682},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64685,64686,64688],{},[30,64687,305],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64690,64691],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[18,64693,1961],{"id":1960},[664,64695,2027,64697,64699],{"id":64696},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[33,64698],{}," and list()?",[14,64701,64702,64703,64705,64706,64708],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[30,64704,301],{}," is shorter. ",[30,64707,305],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[664,64710,64712],{"id":64711},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64714,64715,64716,64718],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[30,64717,305],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[664,64720,64722],{"id":64721},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64724,64725],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[664,64727,64729],{"id":64728},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64731,64732],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[664,64734,64736],{"id":64735},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64738,64739,64740,64742],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[30,64741,305],{}," cannot loop through it.",[18,64744,2045],{"id":2044},[316,64746,64747,64751,64756,64760,64764,64768,64772,64777],{},[319,64748,64749],{},[273,64750,52923],{"href":451},[319,64752,64753],{},[273,64754,64755],{"href":36349},"Python range() function explained",[319,64757,64758],{},[273,64759,63193],{"href":63192},[319,64761,64762],{},[273,64763,63525],{"href":63524},[319,64765,64766],{},[273,64767,5380],{"href":5745},[319,64769,64770],{},[273,64771,13944],{"href":13943},[319,64773,64774],{},[273,64775,64776],{"href":52752},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[319,64778,64779],{},[273,64780,54425],{"href":53200},[2097,64782,64783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":64785},[64786,64787,64788,64789,64790,64797,64798,64799,64804,64805,64812,64820],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":62895,"depth":69,"text":62896},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":684,"depth":69,"text":685},{"id":63123,"depth":69,"text":63124,"children":64791},[64792,64793,64794,64795,64796],{"id":63127,"depth":110,"text":63128},{"id":63196,"depth":110,"text":63197},{"id":63274,"depth":110,"text":63275},{"id":63349,"depth":110,"text":63350},{"id":63416,"depth":110,"text":63417},{"id":63528,"depth":69,"text":63529},{"id":63664,"depth":69,"text":63665},{"id":63964,"depth":69,"text":63965,"children":64800},[64801,64802,64803],{"id":63973,"depth":110,"text":63974},{"id":64063,"depth":110,"text":64064},{"id":64157,"depth":110,"text":64158},{"id":64272,"depth":69,"text":64273},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":64806},[64807,64808,64810,64811],{"id":64439,"depth":110,"text":64440},{"id":64506,"depth":110,"text":64809},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64615,"depth":110,"text":64616},{"id":64682,"depth":110,"text":64683},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":64813},[64814,64816,64817,64818,64819],{"id":64696,"depth":110,"text":64815},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64711,"depth":110,"text":64712},{"id":64721,"depth":110,"text":64722},{"id":64728,"depth":110,"text":64729},{"id":64735,"depth":110,"text":64736},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62729,"description":64821},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64828,"title":64829,"body":64830,"description":66181,"extension":2138,"meta":66182,"navigation":149,"path":66183,"seo":66184,"stem":66185,"__hash__":66186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64831,"toc":66155},[64832,64837,64843,64852,64854,64927,64936,64941,64945,64961,64965,64967,64969,64988,64991,65019,65022,65047,65055,65057,65062,65069,65071,65128,65130,65138,65144,65148,65151,65224,65226,65234,65237,65260,65267,65273,65277,65283,65354,65356,65364,65373,65380,65387,65395,65539,65541,65558,65561,65600,65603,65607,65612,65614,65673,65679,65682,65789,65791,65806,65809,65816,65818,65822,65970,65973,66034,66037,66040,66061,66066,66070,66081,66084,66086,66091,66094,66102,66107,66113,66116,66122,66130,66132,66152],[10,64833,54489,64835,2059],{"id":64834},"python-list-index-method",[30,64836,59111],{},[14,64838,64839,64842],{},[30,64840,64841],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64844,64845,64846,64849,64850,310],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[205,64847,64848],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[30,64851,40857],{},[18,64853,21],{"id":20},[23,64855,64857],{"className":25,"code":64856,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[30,64858,64859,64891,64914],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64860,64861,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64862,377],{"class":39},[33,64864,44],{"class":43},[33,64866,48],{"class":47},[33,64868,80],{"class":79},[33,64870,386],{"class":83},[33,64872,80],{"class":79},[33,64874,55],{"class":47},[33,64876,91],{"class":79},[33,64878,4255],{"class":83},[33,64880,80],{"class":79},[33,64882,55],{"class":47},[33,64884,91],{"class":79},[33,64886,4264],{"class":83},[33,64888,80],{"class":79},[33,64890,66],{"class":47},[33,64892,64893,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,64894,64895],{"class":39},"position ",[33,64897,44],{"class":43},[33,64899,6125],{"class":39},[33,64901,310],{"class":47},[33,64903,36003],{"class":162},[33,64905,133],{"class":47},[33,64907,80],{"class":79},[33,64909,4255],{"class":83},[33,64911,80],{"class":79},[33,64913,143],{"class":47},[33,64915,64916,64918,64920,64923,64925],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,64917,157],{"class":156},[33,64919,133],{"class":47},[33,64921,64922],{"class":162},"position",[33,64924,3831],{"class":47},[33,64926,27932],{"class":1308},[14,64928,672,64929,64932,64933,64935],{},[30,64930,64931],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[30,64934,40857],{}," if the item is not found.",[18,64937,3848,64939,3851],{"id":64938},"what-listindex-does",[30,64940,64841],{},[14,64942,64943,3061],{},[30,64944,64841],{},[316,64946,64947,64950,64953,64958],{},[319,64948,64949],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[319,64951,64952],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[319,64954,64955,64956],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[30,64957,1114],{},[319,64959,64960],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64962,54714,64963,310],{},[273,64964,52923],{"href":54717},[18,64966,2334],{"id":2333},[14,64968,30879],{},[23,64970,64972],{"className":25,"code":64971,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.index(value)\n",[30,64973,64974],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64975,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64977,715],{"class":39},[33,64979,310],{"class":47},[33,64981,36003],{"class":162},[33,64983,133],{"class":47},[33,64985,2647],{"class":162},[33,64987,143],{"class":47},[14,64989,64990],{},"You can also limit the search:",[23,64992,64994],{"className":25,"code":64993,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[30,64995,64996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,64997,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65017],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,64999,715],{"class":39},[33,65001,310],{"class":47},[33,65003,36003],{"class":162},[33,65005,133],{"class":47},[33,65007,2647],{"class":162},[33,65009,55],{"class":47},[33,65011,36207],{"class":162},[33,65013,55],{"class":47},[33,65015,65016],{"class":162}," end",[33,65018,143],{"class":47},[14,65020,65021],{},"Here is what each part means:",[316,65023,65024,65029,65034,65039],{},[319,65025,65026,65028],{},[30,65027,2647],{},": the item to search for",[319,65030,65031,65033],{},[30,65032,36228],{},": where the search begins",[319,65035,65036,65038],{},[30,65037,52812],{},": where the search stops",[319,65040,65041,4949,65043,65046],{},[30,65042,52812],{},[205,65044,65045],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65048,65049,65050,65052,65053,310],{},"This means Python searches from ",[30,65051,36228],{}," up to, but not including, ",[30,65054,52812],{},[18,65056,38175],{"id":38174},[14,65058,65059,65061],{},[30,65060,64841],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65063,65064,65065,65068],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[205,65066,65067],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65070,367],{},[23,65072,65074],{"className":25,"code":65073,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,65075,65076,65096,65114,65118],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65077,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65079,40],{"class":39},[33,65081,44],{"class":43},[33,65083,48],{"class":47},[33,65085,538],{"class":51},[33,65087,55],{"class":47},[33,65089,7949],{"class":51},[33,65091,55],{"class":47},[33,65093,7954],{"class":51},[33,65095,66],{"class":47},[33,65097,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65099,1506],{"class":39},[33,65101,44],{"class":43},[33,65103,4430],{"class":39},[33,65105,310],{"class":47},[33,65107,36003],{"class":162},[33,65109,133],{"class":47},[33,65111,15906],{"class":51},[33,65113,143],{"class":47},[33,65115,65116],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65117,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,65119,65120,65122,65124,65126],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,65121,157],{"class":156},[33,65123,133],{"class":47},[33,65125,1530],{"class":162},[33,65127,143],{"class":47},[14,65129,207],{},[23,65131,65132],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,65133,65134],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65135,65136],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65137,47071],{"class":51},[14,65139,65140,65141,65143],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[30,65142,59111],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[18,65145,65147],{"id":65146},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65149,65150],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[23,65152,65154],{"className":25,"code":65153,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[30,65155,65156,65188,65210,65214],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65157,65158,65160,65162,65164,65166,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65159,36392],{"class":39},[33,65161,44],{"class":43},[33,65163,48],{"class":47},[33,65165,80],{"class":79},[33,65167,386],{"class":83},[33,65169,80],{"class":79},[33,65171,55],{"class":47},[33,65173,91],{"class":79},[33,65175,4255],{"class":83},[33,65177,80],{"class":79},[33,65179,55],{"class":47},[33,65181,91],{"class":79},[33,65183,4264],{"class":83},[33,65185,80],{"class":79},[33,65187,66],{"class":47},[33,65189,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65191,64895],{"class":39},[33,65193,44],{"class":43},[33,65195,53003],{"class":39},[33,65197,310],{"class":47},[33,65199,36003],{"class":162},[33,65201,133],{"class":47},[33,65203,80],{"class":79},[33,65205,4264],{"class":83},[33,65207,80],{"class":79},[33,65209,143],{"class":47},[33,65211,65212],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65213,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,65215,65216,65218,65220,65222],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,65217,157],{"class":156},[33,65219,133],{"class":47},[33,65221,64922],{"class":162},[33,65223,143],{"class":47},[14,65225,207],{},[23,65227,65228],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,65229,65230],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65231,65232],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65233,17209],{"class":51},[14,65235,65236],{},"In this list:",[316,65238,65239,65246,65253],{},[319,65240,65241,65243,65244],{},[30,65242,57977],{}," is at index ",[30,65245,1114],{},[319,65247,65248,65243,65251],{},[30,65249,65250],{},"\"banana\"",[30,65252,52],{},[319,65254,65255,65243,65258],{},[30,65256,65257],{},"\"cherry\"",[30,65259,2234],{},[14,65261,53802,65262,2572,65265,310],{},[30,65263,65264],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[30,65266,2234],{},[14,65268,51696,65269,310],{},[273,65270,65272],{"href":65271},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[18,65274,65276],{"id":65275},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65278,65279,65280,65282],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[30,65281,59111],{}," returns the first match only.",[23,65284,65286],{"className":25,"code":65285,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[30,65287,65288,65328,65332],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65289,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65291,13229],{"class":39},[33,65293,44],{"class":43},[33,65295,48],{"class":47},[33,65297,80],{"class":79},[33,65299,13246],{"class":83},[33,65301,80],{"class":79},[33,65303,55],{"class":47},[33,65305,91],{"class":79},[33,65307,13263],{"class":83},[33,65309,80],{"class":79},[33,65311,55],{"class":47},[33,65313,91],{"class":79},[33,65315,13246],{"class":83},[33,65317,80],{"class":79},[33,65319,55],{"class":47},[33,65321,91],{"class":79},[33,65323,17608],{"class":83},[33,65325,80],{"class":79},[33,65327,66],{"class":47},[33,65329,65330],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65331,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,65333,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65335,157],{"class":156},[33,65337,133],{"class":47},[33,65339,17655],{"class":162},[33,65341,310],{"class":47},[33,65343,36003],{"class":162},[33,65345,133],{"class":47},[33,65347,80],{"class":79},[33,65349,13246],{"class":83},[33,65351,80],{"class":79},[33,65353,733],{"class":47},[14,65355,207],{},[23,65357,65358],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,65359,65360],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65361,65362],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65363,751],{"class":51},[14,65365,21131,65366,65369,65370,65372],{},[30,65367,65368],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[30,65371,1114],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65374,65375,65376,310],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[273,65377,2056,65378,887],{"href":59170},[30,65379,57434],{},[18,65381,1357,65383,2030,65385],{"id":65382},"using-start-and-end",[30,65384,36228],{},[30,65386,52812],{},[14,65388,65389,65390,2030,65392,65394],{},"The optional ",[30,65391,36228],{},[30,65393,52812],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[23,65396,65398],{"className":25,"code":65397,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[30,65399,65400,65448,65452,65477,65506],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65401,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430,65432,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65403,124],{"class":39},[33,65405,44],{"class":43},[33,65407,48],{"class":47},[33,65409,80],{"class":79},[33,65411,273],{"class":83},[33,65413,80],{"class":79},[33,65415,55],{"class":47},[33,65417,91],{"class":79},[33,65419,282],{"class":83},[33,65421,80],{"class":79},[33,65423,55],{"class":47},[33,65425,91],{"class":79},[33,65427,291],{"class":83},[33,65429,80],{"class":79},[33,65431,55],{"class":47},[33,65433,91],{"class":79},[33,65435,282],{"class":83},[33,65437,80],{"class":79},[33,65439,55],{"class":47},[33,65441,91],{"class":79},[33,65443,1634],{"class":83},[33,65445,80],{"class":79},[33,65447,66],{"class":47},[33,65449,65450],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65451,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,65453,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65455,157],{"class":156},[33,65457,133],{"class":47},[33,65459,199],{"class":162},[33,65461,310],{"class":47},[33,65463,36003],{"class":162},[33,65465,133],{"class":47},[33,65467,80],{"class":79},[33,65469,282],{"class":83},[33,65471,80],{"class":79},[33,65473,5522],{"class":47},[33,65475,65476],{"class":1308},"        # first match\n",[33,65478,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,65480,157],{"class":156},[33,65482,133],{"class":47},[33,65484,199],{"class":162},[33,65486,310],{"class":47},[33,65488,36003],{"class":162},[33,65490,133],{"class":47},[33,65492,80],{"class":79},[33,65494,282],{"class":83},[33,65496,80],{"class":79},[33,65498,55],{"class":47},[33,65500,58],{"class":51},[33,65502,5522],{"class":47},[33,65504,65505],{"class":1308},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[33,65507,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,65509,157],{"class":156},[33,65511,133],{"class":47},[33,65513,199],{"class":162},[33,65515,310],{"class":47},[33,65517,36003],{"class":162},[33,65519,133],{"class":47},[33,65521,80],{"class":79},[33,65523,282],{"class":83},[33,65525,80],{"class":79},[33,65527,55],{"class":47},[33,65529,1119],{"class":51},[33,65531,55],{"class":47},[33,65533,1132],{"class":51},[33,65535,5522],{"class":47},[33,65537,65538],{"class":1308},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65540,207],{},[23,65542,65544],{"className":25,"code":65543,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1\n3\n1\n",[30,65545,65546,65550,65554],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65547,65548],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65549,47071],{"class":51},[33,65551,65552],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65553,46771],{"class":51},[33,65555,65556],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65557,47071],{"class":51},[14,65559,65560],{},"How this works:",[316,65562,65563,65575,65588],{},[319,65564,65565,65568,65569,65572,65573],{},[30,65566,65567],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[30,65570,65571],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[30,65574,52],{},[319,65576,65577,65580,65581,65583,65584,65572,65586],{},[30,65578,65579],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[30,65582,2234],{},", so it finds the next ",[30,65585,65571],{},[30,65587,2240],{},[319,65589,65590,65593,65594,1931,65596,1938,65598],{},[30,65591,65592],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[30,65595,52],{},[30,65597,2234],{},[30,65599,2240],{},[14,65601,65602],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[18,65604,65606],{"id":65605},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65608,65609,65610,310],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[30,65611,40857],{},[14,65613,367],{},[23,65615,65617],{"className":25,"code":65616,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[30,65618,65619,65651],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65620,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65622,377],{"class":39},[33,65624,44],{"class":43},[33,65626,48],{"class":47},[33,65628,80],{"class":79},[33,65630,386],{"class":83},[33,65632,80],{"class":79},[33,65634,55],{"class":47},[33,65636,91],{"class":79},[33,65638,4255],{"class":83},[33,65640,80],{"class":79},[33,65642,55],{"class":47},[33,65644,91],{"class":79},[33,65646,4264],{"class":83},[33,65648,80],{"class":79},[33,65650,66],{"class":47},[33,65652,65653,65655,65657,65659,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65654,157],{"class":156},[33,65656,133],{"class":47},[33,65658,414],{"class":162},[33,65660,310],{"class":47},[33,65662,36003],{"class":162},[33,65664,133],{"class":47},[33,65666,80],{"class":79},[33,65668,33376],{"class":83},[33,65670,80],{"class":79},[33,65672,733],{"class":47},[14,65674,39808,65675,65678],{},[30,65676,65677],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65680,65681],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[23,65683,65685],{"className":25,"code":65684,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[30,65686,65687,65719,65732,65736,65749,65768,65774],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65688,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65690,377],{"class":39},[33,65692,44],{"class":43},[33,65694,48],{"class":47},[33,65696,80],{"class":79},[33,65698,386],{"class":83},[33,65700,80],{"class":79},[33,65702,55],{"class":47},[33,65704,91],{"class":79},[33,65706,4255],{"class":83},[33,65708,80],{"class":79},[33,65710,55],{"class":47},[33,65712,91],{"class":79},[33,65714,4264],{"class":83},[33,65716,80],{"class":79},[33,65718,66],{"class":47},[33,65720,65721,65724,65726,65728,65730],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65722,65723],{"class":39},"search_value ",[33,65725,44],{"class":43},[33,65727,91],{"class":79},[33,65729,33376],{"class":83},[33,65731,3532],{"class":79},[33,65733,65734],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,65735,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,65737,65738,65740,65743,65745,65747],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,65739,7156],{"class":4046},[33,65741,65742],{"class":39}," search_value ",[33,65744,4053],{"class":43},[33,65746,6125],{"class":39},[33,65748,6553],{"class":47},[33,65750,65751,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65766],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,65752,8227],{"class":156},[33,65754,133],{"class":47},[33,65756,414],{"class":162},[33,65758,310],{"class":47},[33,65760,36003],{"class":162},[33,65762,133],{"class":47},[33,65764,65765],{"class":162},"search_value",[33,65767,733],{"class":47},[33,65769,65770,65772],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,65771,27586],{"class":4046},[33,65773,6553],{"class":47},[33,65775,65776,65778,65780,65782,65785,65787],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,65777,8227],{"class":156},[33,65779,133],{"class":47},[33,65781,80],{"class":79},[33,65783,65784],{"class":83},"Item not found",[33,65786,80],{"class":79},[33,65788,143],{"class":47},[14,65790,207],{},[23,65792,65794],{"className":25,"code":65793,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Item not found\n",[30,65795,65796],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65797,65798,65801,65803],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65799,65800],{"class":39},"Item ",[33,65802,4796],{"class":43},[33,65804,65805],{"class":39}," found\n",[14,65807,65808],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65810,65811,65812,310],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[273,65813,65815],{"href":65814},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[18,65817,1288],{"id":1287},[14,65819,21365,65820,3061],{},[30,65821,64841],{},[316,65823,65824,65842,65854,65914],{},[319,65825,25928,65826,2572,65828,65831,65832,65834,65835,5325,65837,65839,65840,310],{},[30,65827,59111],{},[30,65829,65830],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9999,65833],{},"\nPython does ",[205,65836,4796],{},[30,65838,65830],{},". It raises ",[30,65841,40857],{},[319,65843,65844,65845,65847,65850,65851,65853],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9999,65846],{},[30,65848,65849],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[30,65852,65250],{},", not the value itself.",[319,65855,1357,65856,1361,65859,65861,65863,65864,16808,65866,65889,16796,65891],{},[30,65857,65858],{},"index[]",[30,65860,59111],{},[9999,65862],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9999,65865],{},[23,65867,65869],{"className":25,"code":65868,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[30,65870,65871],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65872,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65874,414],{"class":39},[33,65876,310],{"class":47},[33,65878,36003],{"class":162},[33,65880,133],{"class":47},[33,65882,80],{"class":79},[33,65884,4255],{"class":83},[33,65886,80],{"class":79},[33,65888,143],{"class":47},[9999,65890],{},[23,65892,65894],{"className":25,"code":65893,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[30,65895,65896],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65897,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65899,414],{"class":39},[33,65901,310],{"class":47},[33,65903,36003],{"class":24904},[33,65905,217],{"class":47},[33,65907,80],{"class":79},[33,65909,4255],{"class":83},[33,65911,80],{"class":79},[33,65913,66],{"class":47},[319,65915,65916,65917,65919,2030,65922,65924,65925],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9999,65918],{},[30,65920,65921],{},"\"3\"",[30,65923,2240],{}," are different values in Python.",[23,65926,65928],{"className":25,"code":65927,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[30,65929,65930,65950],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65931,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65933,40],{"class":39},[33,65935,44],{"class":43},[33,65937,48],{"class":47},[33,65939,52],{"class":51},[33,65941,55],{"class":47},[33,65943,58],{"class":51},[33,65945,55],{"class":47},[33,65947,63],{"class":51},[33,65949,66],{"class":47},[33,65951,65952,65954,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65953,157],{"class":156},[33,65955,133],{"class":47},[33,65957,80],{"class":79},[33,65959,2240],{"class":83},[33,65961,80],{"class":79},[33,65963,21327],{"class":4046},[33,65965,4430],{"class":162},[33,65967,3831],{"class":47},[33,65969,4937],{"class":1308},[14,65971,65972],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[23,65974,65976],{"className":25,"code":65975,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[30,65977,65978,65988,66002,66016],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,65979,65980,65982,65984,65986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,65981,157],{"class":156},[33,65983,133],{"class":47},[33,65985,715],{"class":162},[33,65987,143],{"class":47},[33,65989,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,65991,157],{"class":156},[33,65993,133],{"class":47},[33,65995,1406],{"class":129},[33,65997,133],{"class":47},[33,65999,65765],{"class":162},[33,66001,733],{"class":47},[33,66003,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66005,157],{"class":156},[33,66007,133],{"class":47},[33,66009,65723],{"class":162},[33,66011,4053],{"class":4046},[33,66013,8552],{"class":162},[33,66015,143],{"class":47},[33,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,66019,157],{"class":156},[33,66021,133],{"class":47},[33,66023,715],{"class":162},[33,66025,310],{"class":47},[33,66027,36003],{"class":162},[33,66029,133],{"class":47},[33,66031,65765],{"class":162},[33,66033,733],{"class":47},[14,66035,66036],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66038,66039],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[316,66041,66042,66045,66052,66058],{},[319,66043,66044],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[319,66046,66047,66048,1361,66050],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[30,66049,65921],{},[30,66051,2240],{},[319,66053,66054,66055,66057],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[30,66056,59111],{}," returns only the first one",[319,66059,66060],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[18,66062,5127,66064],{"id":66063},"when-to-use-index",[30,66065,59111],{},[14,66067,672,66068,10755],{},[30,66069,59111],{},[316,66071,66072,66075,66078],{},[319,66073,66074],{},"You need the position of a known value",[319,66076,66077],{},"You are working with a small list",[319,66079,66080],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66082,66083],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[18,66085,1961],{"id":1960},[664,66087,2007,66089,5309],{"id":66088},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[30,66090,64841],{},[14,66092,66093],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[664,66095,12857,66097,5325,66099,66101],{"id":66096},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[30,66098,64841],{},[30,66100,65830],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66103,66104,66105,6789],{},"No. It raises ",[30,66106,40857],{},[664,66108,5334,66110,66112],{"id":66109},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[30,66111,64841],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66114,66115],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[664,66117,66119,66120,2033],{"id":66118},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[30,66121,59111],{},[14,66123,66124,66125,2030,66127,66129],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[30,66126,36228],{},[30,66128,52812],{}," arguments.",[18,66131,2045],{"id":2044},[316,66133,66134,66138,66142,66146],{},[319,66135,66136],{},[273,66137,59099],{"href":65271},[319,66139,66140],{},[273,66141,52923],{"href":54717},[319,66143,66144],{},[273,66145,65815],{"href":65814},[319,66147,66148],{},[273,66149,2056,66150,887],{"href":59170},[30,66151,57434],{},[2097,66153,66154],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":66156},[66157,66158,66160,66161,66162,66163,66164,66166,66167,66168,66170,66180],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":64938,"depth":69,"text":66159},"What list.index() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":38174,"depth":69,"text":38175},{"id":65146,"depth":69,"text":65147},{"id":65275,"depth":69,"text":65276},{"id":65382,"depth":69,"text":66165},"Using start and end",{"id":65605,"depth":69,"text":65606},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288},{"id":66063,"depth":69,"text":66169},"When to use index()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":66171},[66172,66174,66176,66178],{"id":66088,"depth":110,"text":66173},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66096,"depth":110,"text":66175},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66109,"depth":110,"text":66177},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66118,"depth":110,"text":66179},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64829,"description":66181},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66188,"title":66189,"body":66190,"description":68132,"extension":2138,"meta":68133,"navigation":149,"path":68134,"seo":68135,"stem":68136,"__hash__":68137},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66191,"toc":68092},[66192,66197,66202,66205,66214,66271,66277,66282,66286,66300,66306,66308,66331,66348,66350,66411,66413,66445,66458,66460,66463,66563,66565,66643,66649,66653,66661,66665,66671,66726,66728,66752,66756,66759,66812,66814,66838,66842,66845,66898,66900,66924,66928,66934,67005,67007,67048,67054,67061,67064,67069,67077,67082,67090,67092,67189,67191,67260,67267,67272,67274,67278,67283,67285,67356,67358,67387,67393,67395,67422,67425,67448,67452,67455,67477,67480,67503,67505,67565,67567,67599,67605,67610,67663,67665,67690,67693,67742,67744,67765,67769,67774,67777,67832,67834,67861,67868,67872,67877,67948,67951,67965,67970,67975,67977,67991,68003,68008,68010,68015,68020,68024,68027,68033,68039,68046,68054,68056,68089],[10,66193,54489,66195,2059],{"id":66194},"python-list-insert-method",[30,66196,1944],{},[14,66198,66199,66201],{},[30,66200,54059],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66203,66204],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66206,672,66207,66209,66210,310],{},[30,66208,1944],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[273,66211,2056,66212,887],{"href":883},[30,66213,886],{},[23,66215,66217],{"className":25,"code":66216,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,66218,66219,66239,66257,66267],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66222,40],{"class":39},[33,66224,44],{"class":43},[33,66226,48],{"class":47},[33,66228,52],{"class":51},[33,66230,55],{"class":47},[33,66232,58],{"class":51},[33,66234,55],{"class":47},[33,66236,1132],{"class":51},[33,66238,66],{"class":47},[33,66240,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66242,163],{"class":39},[33,66244,310],{"class":47},[33,66246,54099],{"class":162},[33,66248,133],{"class":47},[33,66250,2234],{"class":51},[33,66252,55],{"class":47},[33,66254,63],{"class":51},[33,66256,143],{"class":47},[33,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66260,157],{"class":156},[33,66262,133],{"class":47},[33,66264,163],{"class":162},[33,66266,143],{"class":47},[33,66268,66269],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,66270,52875],{"class":1308},[14,66272,672,66273,66276],{},[30,66274,66275],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[18,66278,3848,66280,3851],{"id":66279},"what-listinsert-does",[30,66281,54059],{},[14,66283,66284,3061],{},[30,66285,54059],{},[316,66287,66288,66291,66294,66296],{},[319,66289,66290],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[319,66292,66293],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[319,66295,54575],{},[319,66297,11575,66298],{},[30,66299,3950],{},[14,66301,66302,66303,66305],{},"That last point is important. ",[30,66304,1944],{}," does not create a new list.",[18,66307,5592],{"id":5591},[23,66309,66311],{"className":25,"code":66310,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[30,66312,66313],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66314,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66316,715],{"class":39},[33,66318,310],{"class":47},[33,66320,54099],{"class":162},[33,66322,133],{"class":47},[33,66324,36003],{"class":162},[33,66326,55],{"class":47},[33,66328,29660],{"class":162},[33,66330,143],{"class":47},[316,66332,66333,66338,66343],{},[319,66334,66335,66337],{},[30,66336,36003],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[319,66339,66340,66342],{},[30,66341,23464],{}," is the value to add",[319,66344,66345,66346],{},"The first list position is index ",[30,66347,1114],{},[14,66349,367],{},[23,66351,66353],{"className":25,"code":66352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,66354,66355,66379,66401],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66356,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369,66371,66373,66375,66377],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66358,124],{"class":39},[33,66360,44],{"class":43},[33,66362,48],{"class":47},[33,66364,80],{"class":79},[33,66366,273],{"class":83},[33,66368,80],{"class":79},[33,66370,55],{"class":47},[33,66372,91],{"class":79},[33,66374,291],{"class":83},[33,66376,80],{"class":79},[33,66378,66],{"class":47},[33,66380,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66382,199],{"class":39},[33,66384,310],{"class":47},[33,66386,54099],{"class":162},[33,66388,133],{"class":47},[33,66390,52],{"class":51},[33,66392,55],{"class":47},[33,66394,91],{"class":79},[33,66396,282],{"class":83},[33,66398,80],{"class":79},[33,66400,143],{"class":47},[33,66402,66403,66405,66407,66409],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66404,157],{"class":156},[33,66406,133],{"class":47},[33,66408,199],{"class":162},[33,66410,143],{"class":47},[14,66412,207],{},[23,66414,66415],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,66416,66417],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66418,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66420,217],{"class":47},[33,66422,236],{"class":79},[33,66424,273],{"class":83},[33,66426,236],{"class":79},[33,66428,55],{"class":47},[33,66430,245],{"class":79},[33,66432,282],{"class":83},[33,66434,236],{"class":79},[33,66436,55],{"class":47},[33,66438,245],{"class":79},[33,66440,291],{"class":83},[33,66442,236],{"class":79},[33,66444,66],{"class":47},[14,66446,20924,66447,66449,66450,66452,66453,2030,66455,310],{},[30,66448,65571],{}," is inserted at index ",[30,66451,52],{},", so it appears between ",[30,66454,18249],{},[30,66456,66457],{},"\"c\"",[18,66459,5946],{"id":5945},[14,66461,66462],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[23,66464,66466],{"className":25,"code":66465,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[30,66467,66468,66500,66518,66522,66544],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66469,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66471,13229],{"class":39},[33,66473,44],{"class":43},[33,66475,48],{"class":47},[33,66477,80],{"class":79},[33,66479,13246],{"class":83},[33,66481,80],{"class":79},[33,66483,55],{"class":47},[33,66485,91],{"class":79},[33,66487,13263],{"class":83},[33,66489,80],{"class":79},[33,66491,55],{"class":47},[33,66493,91],{"class":79},[33,66495,17608],{"class":83},[33,66497,80],{"class":79},[33,66499,66],{"class":47},[33,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510,66512,66514,66516],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66503,157],{"class":156},[33,66505,133],{"class":47},[33,66507,80],{"class":79},[33,66509,11716],{"class":83},[33,66511,80],{"class":79},[33,66513,55],{"class":47},[33,66515,13277],{"class":162},[33,66517,143],{"class":47},[33,66519,66520],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66521,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,66523,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,66525,17655],{"class":39},[33,66527,310],{"class":47},[33,66529,54099],{"class":162},[33,66531,133],{"class":47},[33,66533,52],{"class":51},[33,66535,55],{"class":47},[33,66537,91],{"class":79},[33,66539,22678],{"class":83},[33,66541,80],{"class":79},[33,66543,143],{"class":47},[33,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,66547,157],{"class":156},[33,66549,133],{"class":47},[33,66551,80],{"class":79},[33,66553,66554],{"class":83},"After: ",[33,66556,80],{"class":79},[33,66558,55],{"class":47},[33,66560,13277],{"class":162},[33,66562,143],{"class":47},[14,66564,207],{},[23,66566,66568],{"className":25,"code":66567,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[30,66569,66570,66602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66571,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66573,11776],{"class":39},[33,66575,3061],{"class":47},[33,66577,48],{"class":47},[33,66579,236],{"class":79},[33,66581,13246],{"class":83},[33,66583,236],{"class":79},[33,66585,55],{"class":47},[33,66587,245],{"class":79},[33,66589,13263],{"class":83},[33,66591,236],{"class":79},[33,66593,55],{"class":47},[33,66595,245],{"class":79},[33,66597,17608],{"class":83},[33,66599,236],{"class":79},[33,66601,66],{"class":47},[33,66603,66604,66606,66608,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66605,11829],{"class":39},[33,66607,3061],{"class":47},[33,66609,66610],{"class":47},"  [",[33,66612,236],{"class":79},[33,66614,13246],{"class":83},[33,66616,236],{"class":79},[33,66618,55],{"class":47},[33,66620,245],{"class":79},[33,66622,22678],{"class":83},[33,66624,236],{"class":79},[33,66626,55],{"class":47},[33,66628,245],{"class":79},[33,66630,13263],{"class":83},[33,66632,236],{"class":79},[33,66634,55],{"class":47},[33,66636,245],{"class":79},[33,66638,17608],{"class":83},[33,66640,236],{"class":79},[33,66642,66],{"class":47},[14,66644,66645,66646,66648],{},"The new value appears at index ",[30,66647,52],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[18,66650,66652],{"id":66651},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66654,2155,66655,35486,66657,66660],{},[30,66656,36003],{},[30,66658,66659],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[664,66662,66664],{"id":66663},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66666,66667,66668,66670],{},"Use index ",[30,66669,1114],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[23,66672,66674],{"className":25,"code":66673,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[30,66675,66676,66697,66716],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66677,66678,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66679,66680],{"class":39},"nums ",[33,66682,44],{"class":43},[33,66684,48],{"class":47},[33,66686,2234],{"class":51},[33,66688,55],{"class":47},[33,66690,63],{"class":51},[33,66692,55],{"class":47},[33,66694,1132],{"class":51},[33,66696,66],{"class":47},[33,66698,66699,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66700,66701],{"class":39},"nums",[33,66703,310],{"class":47},[33,66705,54099],{"class":162},[33,66707,133],{"class":47},[33,66709,1114],{"class":51},[33,66711,55],{"class":47},[33,66713,1119],{"class":51},[33,66715,143],{"class":47},[33,66717,66718,66720,66722,66724],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66719,157],{"class":156},[33,66721,133],{"class":47},[33,66723,66701],{"class":162},[33,66725,143],{"class":47},[14,66727,207],{},[23,66729,66730],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,66731,66732],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66733,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66735,217],{"class":47},[33,66737,52],{"class":51},[33,66739,55],{"class":47},[33,66741,58],{"class":51},[33,66743,55],{"class":47},[33,66745,63],{"class":51},[33,66747,55],{"class":47},[33,66749,1132],{"class":51},[33,66751,66],{"class":47},[664,66753,66755],{"id":66754},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66757,66758],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[23,66760,66762],{"className":25,"code":66761,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[30,66763,66764,66784,66802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66765,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66767,66680],{"class":39},[33,66769,44],{"class":43},[33,66771,48],{"class":47},[33,66773,52],{"class":51},[33,66775,55],{"class":47},[33,66777,58],{"class":51},[33,66779,55],{"class":47},[33,66781,1132],{"class":51},[33,66783,66],{"class":47},[33,66785,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66787,66701],{"class":39},[33,66789,310],{"class":47},[33,66791,54099],{"class":162},[33,66793,133],{"class":47},[33,66795,2234],{"class":51},[33,66797,55],{"class":47},[33,66799,63],{"class":51},[33,66801,143],{"class":47},[33,66803,66804,66806,66808,66810],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66805,157],{"class":156},[33,66807,133],{"class":47},[33,66809,66701],{"class":162},[33,66811,143],{"class":47},[14,66813,207],{},[23,66815,66816],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,66817,66818],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66819,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66821,217],{"class":47},[33,66823,52],{"class":51},[33,66825,55],{"class":47},[33,66827,58],{"class":51},[33,66829,55],{"class":47},[33,66831,63],{"class":51},[33,66833,55],{"class":47},[33,66835,1132],{"class":51},[33,66837,66],{"class":47},[664,66839,66841],{"id":66840},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66843,66844],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[23,66846,66848],{"className":25,"code":66847,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[30,66849,66850,66870,66888],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66851,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66853,66680],{"class":39},[33,66855,44],{"class":43},[33,66857,48],{"class":47},[33,66859,52],{"class":51},[33,66861,55],{"class":47},[33,66863,58],{"class":51},[33,66865,55],{"class":47},[33,66867,63],{"class":51},[33,66869,66],{"class":47},[33,66871,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66873,66701],{"class":39},[33,66875,310],{"class":47},[33,66877,54099],{"class":162},[33,66879,133],{"class":47},[33,66881,538],{"class":51},[33,66883,55],{"class":47},[33,66885,1132],{"class":51},[33,66887,143],{"class":47},[33,66889,66890,66892,66894,66896],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66891,157],{"class":156},[33,66893,133],{"class":47},[33,66895,66701],{"class":162},[33,66897,143],{"class":47},[14,66899,207],{},[23,66901,66902],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,66903,66904],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66905,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66907,217],{"class":47},[33,66909,52],{"class":51},[33,66911,55],{"class":47},[33,66913,58],{"class":51},[33,66915,55],{"class":47},[33,66917,63],{"class":51},[33,66919,55],{"class":47},[33,66921,1132],{"class":51},[33,66923,66],{"class":47},[664,66925,66927],{"id":66926},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66929,66930,66931,66933],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[30,66932,1944],{}," places the item before that position.",[23,66935,66937],{"className":25,"code":66936,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,66938,66939,66971,66995],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,66940,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,66942,124],{"class":39},[33,66944,44],{"class":43},[33,66946,48],{"class":47},[33,66948,80],{"class":79},[33,66950,273],{"class":83},[33,66952,80],{"class":79},[33,66954,55],{"class":47},[33,66956,91],{"class":79},[33,66958,282],{"class":83},[33,66960,80],{"class":79},[33,66962,55],{"class":47},[33,66964,91],{"class":79},[33,66966,1634],{"class":83},[33,66968,80],{"class":79},[33,66970,66],{"class":47},[33,66972,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,66974,199],{"class":39},[33,66976,310],{"class":47},[33,66978,54099],{"class":162},[33,66980,133],{"class":47},[33,66982,2199],{"class":43},[33,66984,52],{"class":51},[33,66986,55],{"class":47},[33,66988,91],{"class":79},[33,66990,291],{"class":83},[33,66992,80],{"class":79},[33,66994,143],{"class":47},[33,66996,66997,66999,67001,67003],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,66998,157],{"class":156},[33,67000,133],{"class":47},[33,67002,199],{"class":162},[33,67004,143],{"class":47},[14,67006,207],{},[23,67008,67010],{"className":25,"code":67009,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[30,67011,67012],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67013,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67015,217],{"class":47},[33,67017,236],{"class":79},[33,67019,273],{"class":83},[33,67021,236],{"class":79},[33,67023,55],{"class":47},[33,67025,245],{"class":79},[33,67027,282],{"class":83},[33,67029,236],{"class":79},[33,67031,55],{"class":47},[33,67033,245],{"class":79},[33,67035,291],{"class":83},[33,67037,236],{"class":79},[33,67039,55],{"class":47},[33,67041,245],{"class":79},[33,67043,1634],{"class":83},[33,67045,236],{"class":79},[33,67047,66],{"class":47},[14,67049,67050,67051,2479],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[273,67052,67053],{"href":451},"Python lists beginner guide",[18,67055,67057,10739,67059],{"id":67056},"insert-vs-append",[30,67058,1944],{},[30,67060,886],{},[14,67062,67063],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[664,67065,672,67067,10755],{"id":67066},"use-insert-when",[30,67068,1944],{},[316,67070,67071,67074],{},[319,67072,67073],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[319,67075,67076],{},"The order of the list matters",[664,67078,672,67080,10755],{"id":67079},"use-append-when",[30,67081,886],{},[316,67083,67084,67087],{},[319,67085,67086],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[319,67088,67089],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67091,367],{},[23,67093,67095],{"className":25,"code":67094,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[30,67096,67097,67121,67125,67147,67157,67161,67179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113,67115,67117,67119],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67100,377],{"class":39},[33,67102,44],{"class":43},[33,67104,48],{"class":47},[33,67106,80],{"class":79},[33,67108,386],{"class":83},[33,67110,80],{"class":79},[33,67112,55],{"class":47},[33,67114,91],{"class":79},[33,67116,33376],{"class":83},[33,67118,80],{"class":79},[33,67120,66],{"class":47},[33,67122,67123],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67124,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,67126,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67128,414],{"class":39},[33,67130,310],{"class":47},[33,67132,54099],{"class":162},[33,67134,133],{"class":47},[33,67136,52],{"class":51},[33,67138,55],{"class":47},[33,67140,91],{"class":79},[33,67142,4255],{"class":83},[33,67144,80],{"class":79},[33,67146,143],{"class":47},[33,67148,67149,67151,67153,67155],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,67150,157],{"class":156},[33,67152,133],{"class":47},[33,67154,414],{"class":162},[33,67156,143],{"class":47},[33,67158,67159],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,67160,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,67162,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,67164,414],{"class":39},[33,67166,310],{"class":47},[33,67168,780],{"class":162},[33,67170,133],{"class":47},[33,67172,80],{"class":79},[33,67174,22687],{"class":83},[33,67176,80],{"class":79},[33,67178,143],{"class":47},[33,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,67182,157],{"class":156},[33,67184,133],{"class":47},[33,67186,414],{"class":162},[33,67188,143],{"class":47},[14,67190,207],{},[23,67192,67194],{"className":25,"code":67193,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[30,67195,67196,67224],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67199,217],{"class":47},[33,67201,236],{"class":79},[33,67203,386],{"class":83},[33,67205,236],{"class":79},[33,67207,55],{"class":47},[33,67209,245],{"class":79},[33,67211,4255],{"class":83},[33,67213,236],{"class":79},[33,67215,55],{"class":47},[33,67217,245],{"class":79},[33,67219,33376],{"class":83},[33,67221,236],{"class":79},[33,67223,66],{"class":47},[33,67225,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67227,217],{"class":47},[33,67229,236],{"class":79},[33,67231,386],{"class":83},[33,67233,236],{"class":79},[33,67235,55],{"class":47},[33,67237,245],{"class":79},[33,67239,4255],{"class":83},[33,67241,236],{"class":79},[33,67243,55],{"class":47},[33,67245,245],{"class":79},[33,67247,33376],{"class":83},[33,67249,236],{"class":79},[33,67251,55],{"class":47},[33,67253,245],{"class":79},[33,67255,22687],{"class":83},[33,67257,236],{"class":79},[33,67259,66],{"class":47},[14,67261,67262,67263,310],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[273,67264,2056,67265,887],{"href":883},[30,67266,886],{},[14,67268,67269,67270,310],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[273,67271,53201],{"href":53200},[18,67273,1288],{"id":1287},[14,67275,14887,67276,310],{},[30,67277,1944],{},[664,67279,12747,67281],{"id":67280},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[30,67282,1944],{},[14,67284,25844],{},[23,67286,67288],{"className":25,"code":67287,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,67289,67290,67310,67332,67336,67346],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67291,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67293,40],{"class":39},[33,67295,44],{"class":43},[33,67297,48],{"class":47},[33,67299,52],{"class":51},[33,67301,55],{"class":47},[33,67303,58],{"class":51},[33,67305,55],{"class":47},[33,67307,63],{"class":51},[33,67309,66],{"class":47},[33,67311,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67313,1506],{"class":39},[33,67315,44],{"class":43},[33,67317,4430],{"class":39},[33,67319,310],{"class":47},[33,67321,54099],{"class":162},[33,67323,133],{"class":47},[33,67325,52],{"class":51},[33,67327,55],{"class":47},[33,67329,10350],{"class":51},[33,67331,143],{"class":47},[33,67333,67334],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67335,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,67339,157],{"class":156},[33,67341,133],{"class":47},[33,67343,1530],{"class":162},[33,67345,143],{"class":47},[33,67347,67348,67350,67352,67354],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,67349,157],{"class":156},[33,67351,133],{"class":47},[33,67353,163],{"class":162},[33,67355,143],{"class":47},[14,67357,207],{},[23,67359,67361],{"className":25,"code":67360,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[30,67362,67363,67367],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67364,67365],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67366,11961],{"class":398},[33,67368,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67370,217],{"class":47},[33,67372,52],{"class":51},[33,67374,55],{"class":47},[33,67376,10350],{"class":51},[33,67378,55],{"class":47},[33,67380,58],{"class":51},[33,67382,55],{"class":47},[33,67384,63],{"class":51},[33,67386,66],{"class":47},[14,67388,67389,54301,67391,310],{},[30,67390,1944],{},[30,67392,3950],{},[14,67394,16796],{},[23,67396,67398],{"className":25,"code":67397,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[30,67399,67400],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67401,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67403,56035],{"class":39},[33,67405,44],{"class":43},[33,67407,4430],{"class":39},[33,67409,310],{"class":47},[33,67411,54099],{"class":162},[33,67413,133],{"class":47},[33,67415,52],{"class":51},[33,67417,55],{"class":47},[33,67419,10350],{"class":51},[33,67421,143],{"class":47},[14,67423,67424],{},"Right:",[23,67426,67428],{"className":25,"code":67427,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[30,67429,67430],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442,67444,67446],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67433,163],{"class":39},[33,67435,310],{"class":47},[33,67437,54099],{"class":162},[33,67439,133],{"class":47},[33,67441,52],{"class":51},[33,67443,55],{"class":47},[33,67445,10350],{"class":51},[33,67447,143],{"class":47},[664,67449,67451],{"id":67450},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67453,67454],{},"The correct order is:",[23,67456,67457],{"className":25,"code":66310,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,67458,67459],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67460,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67462,715],{"class":39},[33,67464,310],{"class":47},[33,67466,54099],{"class":162},[33,67468,133],{"class":47},[33,67470,36003],{"class":162},[33,67472,55],{"class":47},[33,67474,29660],{"class":162},[33,67476,143],{"class":47},[14,67478,67479],{},"Not:",[23,67481,67483],{"className":25,"code":67482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[30,67484,67485],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67488,715],{"class":39},[33,67490,310],{"class":47},[33,67492,54099],{"class":162},[33,67494,133],{"class":47},[33,67496,23464],{"class":162},[33,67498,55],{"class":47},[33,67500,35978],{"class":162},[33,67502,143],{"class":47},[14,67504,367],{},[23,67506,67507],{"className":25,"code":66352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,67508,67509,67533,67555],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67510,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67512,124],{"class":39},[33,67514,44],{"class":43},[33,67516,48],{"class":47},[33,67518,80],{"class":79},[33,67520,273],{"class":83},[33,67522,80],{"class":79},[33,67524,55],{"class":47},[33,67526,91],{"class":79},[33,67528,291],{"class":83},[33,67530,80],{"class":79},[33,67532,66],{"class":47},[33,67534,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67536,199],{"class":39},[33,67538,310],{"class":47},[33,67540,54099],{"class":162},[33,67542,133],{"class":47},[33,67544,52],{"class":51},[33,67546,55],{"class":47},[33,67548,91],{"class":79},[33,67550,282],{"class":83},[33,67552,80],{"class":79},[33,67554,143],{"class":47},[33,67556,67557,67559,67561,67563],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67558,157],{"class":156},[33,67560,133],{"class":47},[33,67562,199],{"class":162},[33,67564,143],{"class":47},[14,67566,207],{},[23,67568,67569],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,67570,67571],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67572,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67574,217],{"class":47},[33,67576,236],{"class":79},[33,67578,273],{"class":83},[33,67580,236],{"class":79},[33,67582,55],{"class":47},[33,67584,245],{"class":79},[33,67586,282],{"class":83},[33,67588,236],{"class":79},[33,67590,55],{"class":47},[33,67592,245],{"class":79},[33,67594,291],{"class":83},[33,67596,236],{"class":79},[33,67598,66],{"class":47},[664,67600,1487,67602,67604],{"id":67601},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[30,67603,1944],{}," to replace an item",[14,67606,67607,67609],{},[30,67608,1944],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[23,67611,67613],{"className":25,"code":67612,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,67614,67615,67635,67653],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67616,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67618,40],{"class":39},[33,67620,44],{"class":43},[33,67622,48],{"class":47},[33,67624,52],{"class":51},[33,67626,55],{"class":47},[33,67628,58],{"class":51},[33,67630,55],{"class":47},[33,67632,63],{"class":51},[33,67634,66],{"class":47},[33,67636,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67638,163],{"class":39},[33,67640,310],{"class":47},[33,67642,54099],{"class":162},[33,67644,133],{"class":47},[33,67646,52],{"class":51},[33,67648,55],{"class":47},[33,67650,10350],{"class":51},[33,67652,143],{"class":47},[33,67654,67655,67657,67659,67661],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67656,157],{"class":156},[33,67658,133],{"class":47},[33,67660,163],{"class":162},[33,67662,143],{"class":47},[14,67664,207],{},[23,67666,67668],{"className":25,"code":67667,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[30,67669,67670],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67671,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67673,217],{"class":47},[33,67675,52],{"class":51},[33,67677,55],{"class":47},[33,67679,10350],{"class":51},[33,67681,55],{"class":47},[33,67683,58],{"class":51},[33,67685,55],{"class":47},[33,67687,63],{"class":51},[33,67689,66],{"class":47},[14,67691,67692],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[23,67694,67696],{"className":25,"code":67695,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,67697,67698,67718,67732],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67701,40],{"class":39},[33,67703,44],{"class":43},[33,67705,48],{"class":47},[33,67707,52],{"class":51},[33,67709,55],{"class":47},[33,67711,58],{"class":51},[33,67713,55],{"class":47},[33,67715,63],{"class":51},[33,67717,66],{"class":47},[33,67719,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67721,163],{"class":39},[33,67723,217],{"class":47},[33,67725,52],{"class":51},[33,67727,13427],{"class":47},[33,67729,13430],{"class":43},[33,67731,14284],{"class":51},[33,67733,67734,67736,67738,67740],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67735,157],{"class":156},[33,67737,133],{"class":47},[33,67739,163],{"class":162},[33,67741,143],{"class":47},[14,67743,207],{},[23,67745,67747],{"className":25,"code":67746,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[30,67748,67749],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67750,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67752,217],{"class":47},[33,67754,52],{"class":51},[33,67756,55],{"class":47},[33,67758,10350],{"class":51},[33,67760,55],{"class":47},[33,67762,63],{"class":51},[33,67764,66],{"class":47},[664,67766,67768],{"id":67767},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67770,67771,67773],{},[30,67772,1944],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67775,67776],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[23,67778,67780],{"className":25,"code":67779,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,67781,67782,67798,67822],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67783,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67785,40],{"class":39},[33,67787,44],{"class":43},[33,67789,48],{"class":47},[33,67791,52],{"class":51},[33,67793,55],{"class":47},[33,67795,1132],{"class":51},[33,67797,66],{"class":47},[33,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67801,163],{"class":39},[33,67803,310],{"class":47},[33,67805,54099],{"class":162},[33,67807,133],{"class":47},[33,67809,52],{"class":51},[33,67811,55],{"class":47},[33,67813,48],{"class":47},[33,67815,2234],{"class":51},[33,67817,55],{"class":47},[33,67819,63],{"class":51},[33,67821,4059],{"class":47},[33,67823,67824,67826,67828,67830],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67825,157],{"class":156},[33,67827,133],{"class":47},[33,67829,163],{"class":162},[33,67831,143],{"class":47},[14,67833,207],{},[23,67835,67837],{"className":25,"code":67836,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[30,67838,67839],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67840,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67842,217],{"class":47},[33,67844,52],{"class":51},[33,67846,55],{"class":47},[33,67848,48],{"class":47},[33,67850,2234],{"class":51},[33,67852,55],{"class":47},[33,67854,63],{"class":51},[33,67856,18215],{"class":47},[33,67858,1132],{"class":51},[33,67860,66],{"class":47},[14,67862,67863,67864,310],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[273,67865,2056,67866,887],{"href":1934},[30,67867,1937],{},[664,67869,67871],{"id":67870},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67873,9031,67874,67876],{},[30,67875,1944],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[23,67878,67880],{"className":25,"code":67879,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[30,67881,67882,67892,67906,67924,67938],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,67883,67884,67886,67888,67890],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,67885,157],{"class":156},[33,67887,133],{"class":47},[33,67889,715],{"class":162},[33,67891,143],{"class":47},[33,67893,67894,67896,67898,67900,67902,67904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,67895,157],{"class":156},[33,67897,133],{"class":47},[33,67899,726],{"class":156},[33,67901,133],{"class":47},[33,67903,715],{"class":162},[33,67905,733],{"class":47},[33,67907,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920,67922],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,67909,157],{"class":156},[33,67911,133],{"class":47},[33,67913,715],{"class":162},[33,67915,310],{"class":47},[33,67917,54099],{"class":24904},[33,67919,310],{"class":47},[33,67921,34602],{"class":34609},[33,67923,143],{"class":47},[33,67925,67926,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,67927,32307],{"class":156},[33,67929,133],{"class":47},[33,67931,1879],{"class":129},[33,67933,310],{"class":47},[33,67935,54099],{"class":24904},[33,67937,143],{"class":47},[33,67939,67940,67942,67944,67946],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,67941,1406],{"class":129},[33,67943,133],{"class":47},[33,67945,715],{"class":162},[33,67947,143],{"class":47},[14,67949,67950],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[316,67952,67953,67956,67959,67962],{},[319,67954,67955],{},"What is currently in the list",[319,67957,67958],{},"How long the list is",[319,67960,67961],{},"That you are working with a real list",[319,67963,67964],{},"How Python describes the method",[18,67966,5127,67968],{"id":67967},"when-to-use-insert",[30,67969,1944],{},[14,67971,672,67972,67974],{},[30,67973,1944],{}," when position matters.",[14,67976,36579],{},[316,67978,67979,67982,67985,67988],{},[319,67980,67981],{},"Ordered menus",[319,67983,67984],{},"Rankings or score lists",[319,67986,67987],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[319,67989,67990],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67992,67993,67994,67996,67997,67999,68000,68002],{},"You usually do ",[205,67995,4796],{}," need ",[30,67998,1944],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[30,68001,886],{}," is simpler.",[14,68004,68005,68006,310],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[273,68007,57298],{"href":57297},[18,68009,1961],{"id":1960},[664,68011,12857,68013,55615],{"id":68012},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[30,68014,54059],{},[14,68016,68017,68018,310],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[30,68019,3950],{},[664,68021,68023],{"id":68022},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68025,68026],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[664,68028,5334,68030,68032],{"id":68029},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[30,68031,54059],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68034,68035,68036,68038],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[30,68037,1937],{}," or slicing.",[664,68040,2027,68042,2030,68044,2033],{"id":68041},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[30,68043,1944],{},[30,68045,886],{},[14,68047,68048,68050,68051,68053],{},[30,68049,1944],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[30,68052,886],{}," adds only at the end.",[18,68055,2045],{"id":2044},[316,68057,68058,68064,68070,68074,68078,68082],{},[319,68059,68060],{},[273,68061,2056,68062,887],{"href":883},[30,68063,886],{},[319,68065,68066],{},[273,68067,2056,68068,887],{"href":1934},[30,68069,1937],{},[319,68071,68072],{},[273,68073,54425],{"href":53200},[319,68075,68076],{},[273,68077,52923],{"href":451},[319,68079,68080],{},[273,68081,57372],{"href":57297},[319,68083,68084],{},[273,68085,30501,68086,33789],{"href":54443},[30,68087,68088],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2097,68090,68091],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":68093},[68094,68096,68097,68098,68104,68111,68120,68122,68131],{"id":66279,"depth":69,"text":68095},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592},{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":66651,"depth":69,"text":66652,"children":68099},[68100,68101,68102,68103],{"id":66663,"depth":110,"text":66664},{"id":66754,"depth":110,"text":66755},{"id":66840,"depth":110,"text":66841},{"id":66926,"depth":110,"text":66927},{"id":67056,"depth":69,"text":68105,"children":68106},"insert() vs append()",[68107,68109],{"id":67066,"depth":110,"text":68108},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67079,"depth":110,"text":68110},"Use append() when:",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":68112},[68113,68115,68116,68118,68119],{"id":67280,"depth":110,"text":68114},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67450,"depth":110,"text":67451},{"id":67601,"depth":110,"text":68117},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67767,"depth":110,"text":67768},{"id":67870,"depth":110,"text":67871},{"id":67967,"depth":69,"text":68121},"When to use insert()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":68123},[68124,68126,68127,68129],{"id":68012,"depth":110,"text":68125},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68022,"depth":110,"text":68023},{"id":68029,"depth":110,"text":68128},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68041,"depth":110,"text":68130},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66189,"description":68132},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68139,"title":68140,"body":68141,"description":69696,"extension":2138,"meta":69697,"navigation":149,"path":59116,"seo":69698,"stem":69699,"__hash__":69700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68142,"toc":69669},[68143,68149,68158,68207,68209,68217,68223,68225,68243,68249,68254,68257,68260,68275,68277,68329,68331,68339,68347,68354,68356,68362,68427,68429,68437,68439,68458,68461,68512,68516,68521,68548,68550,68558,68561,68630,68632,68647,68653,68657,68666,68669,68724,68726,68734,68737,68739,68784,68786,68794,68800,68802,68810,68813,68815,68854,68856,68895,68900,68902,68904,68939,68942,68944,68982,68986,68992,68994,69045,69047,69055,69062,69065,69086,69089,69144,69155,69157,69218,69220,69229,69236,69242,69245,69248,69305,69308,69321,69328,69334,69340,69342,69355,69358,69455,69457,69474,69477,69559,69561,69583,69590,69596,69598,69602,69608,69614,69619,69623,69626,69632,69639,69641,69666],[10,68144,68146,68147,3831],{"id":68145},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[30,68148,726],{},[14,68150,68151,68152,68154,68155,68157],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[30,68153,42514],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[30,68156,42514],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[23,68159,68161],{"className":25,"code":68160,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[30,68162,68163,68183,68197],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68164,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68166,40],{"class":39},[33,68168,44],{"class":43},[33,68170,48],{"class":47},[33,68172,538],{"class":51},[33,68174,55],{"class":47},[33,68176,7949],{"class":51},[33,68178,55],{"class":47},[33,68180,7954],{"class":51},[33,68182,66],{"class":47},[33,68184,68185,68187,68189,68191,68193,68195],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68186,41395],{"class":39},[33,68188,44],{"class":43},[33,68190,38540],{"class":156},[33,68192,133],{"class":47},[33,68194,163],{"class":162},[33,68196,143],{"class":47},[33,68198,68199,68201,68203,68205],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,68200,157],{"class":156},[33,68202,133],{"class":47},[33,68204,41413],{"class":162},[33,68206,143],{"class":47},[14,68208,207],{},[23,68210,68211],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68212,68213],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68214,68215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68216,46771],{"class":51},[14,68218,672,68219,68222],{},[30,68220,68221],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[18,68224,314],{"id":313},[316,68226,68227,68232,68237,68240],{},[319,68228,4365,68229,68231],{},[30,68230,42514],{}," works with Python lists",[319,68233,68234,68235,11858],{},"What value ",[30,68236,42514],{},[319,68238,68239],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[319,68241,68242],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[18,68244,3848,68246,68248],{"id":68245},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[30,68247,42514],{}," returns for a list",[14,68250,68251,65061],{},[30,68252,68253],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68255,68256],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68258,68259],{},"A few important points:",[316,68261,68262,68265,68270],{},[319,68263,68264],{},"It counts list items",[319,68266,41059,68267,68269],{},[205,68268,4796],{}," count characters inside a string item",[319,68271,68272,68273],{},"An empty list returns ",[30,68274,1114],{},[14,68276,367],{},[23,68278,68280],{"className":25,"code":68279,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[30,68281,68282,68315],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68285,1655],{"class":39},[33,68287,44],{"class":43},[33,68289,48],{"class":47},[33,68291,80],{"class":79},[33,68293,37201],{"class":83},[33,68295,80],{"class":79},[33,68297,55],{"class":47},[33,68299,91],{"class":79},[33,68301,68302],{"class":83},"elephant",[33,68304,80],{"class":79},[33,68306,55],{"class":47},[33,68308,91],{"class":79},[33,68310,58271],{"class":83},[33,68312,80],{"class":79},[33,68314,66],{"class":47},[33,68316,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68318,157],{"class":156},[33,68320,133],{"class":47},[33,68322,726],{"class":156},[33,68324,133],{"class":47},[33,68326,1680],{"class":162},[33,68328,733],{"class":47},[14,68330,207],{},[23,68332,68333],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68334,68335],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68336,68337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68338,46771],{"class":51},[14,68340,21131,68341,68344,68345,65068],{},[30,68342,68343],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[205,68346,52808],{},[14,68348,68349,68350,310],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[273,68351,2076,68352,3683],{"href":42511},[30,68353,42514],{},[18,68355,5946],{"id":5945},[14,68357,68358,68359,68361],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[30,68360,42514],{},", and print the result.",[23,68363,68365],{"className":25,"code":68364,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[30,68366,68367,68399,68413,68417],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68368,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68370,13229],{"class":39},[33,68372,44],{"class":43},[33,68374,48],{"class":47},[33,68376,80],{"class":79},[33,68378,13246],{"class":83},[33,68380,80],{"class":79},[33,68382,55],{"class":47},[33,68384,91],{"class":79},[33,68386,17608],{"class":83},[33,68388,80],{"class":79},[33,68390,55],{"class":47},[33,68392,91],{"class":79},[33,68394,13263],{"class":83},[33,68396,80],{"class":79},[33,68398,66],{"class":47},[33,68400,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68402,41395],{"class":39},[33,68404,44],{"class":43},[33,68406,38540],{"class":156},[33,68408,133],{"class":47},[33,68410,17655],{"class":162},[33,68412,143],{"class":47},[33,68414,68415],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,68416,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,68418,68419,68421,68423,68425],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,68420,157],{"class":156},[33,68422,133],{"class":47},[33,68424,41413],{"class":162},[33,68426,143],{"class":47},[14,68428,207],{},[23,68430,68431],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68432,68433],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68434,68435],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68436,46771],{"class":51},[14,68438,11836],{},[316,68440,68441,68446,68453],{},[319,68442,68443,68445],{},[30,68444,17655],{}," is a list with 3 items",[319,68447,68448,2572,68451],{},[30,68449,68450],{},"len(colors)",[30,68452,2240],{},[319,68454,68455,68456],{},"That value is stored in ",[30,68457,41413],{},[14,68459,68460],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[23,68462,68464],{"className":25,"code":68463,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[30,68465,68466,68498],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68469,13229],{"class":39},[33,68471,44],{"class":43},[33,68473,48],{"class":47},[33,68475,80],{"class":79},[33,68477,13246],{"class":83},[33,68479,80],{"class":79},[33,68481,55],{"class":47},[33,68483,91],{"class":79},[33,68485,17608],{"class":83},[33,68487,80],{"class":79},[33,68489,55],{"class":47},[33,68491,91],{"class":79},[33,68493,13263],{"class":83},[33,68495,80],{"class":79},[33,68497,66],{"class":47},[33,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68501,157],{"class":156},[33,68503,133],{"class":47},[33,68505,726],{"class":156},[33,68507,133],{"class":47},[33,68509,17655],{"class":162},[33,68511,733],{"class":47},[18,68513,68515],{"id":68514},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68517,68518,68519,310],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[30,68520,1114],{},[23,68522,68524],{"className":25,"code":68523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[30,68525,68526,68534],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68527,68528,68530,68532],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68529,377],{"class":39},[33,68531,44],{"class":43},[33,68533,118],{"class":47},[33,68535,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68537,157],{"class":156},[33,68539,133],{"class":47},[33,68541,726],{"class":156},[33,68543,133],{"class":47},[33,68545,414],{"class":162},[33,68547,733],{"class":47},[14,68549,207],{},[23,68551,68552],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68553,68554],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68555,68556],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68557,751],{"class":51},[14,68559,68560],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[23,68562,68564],{"className":25,"code":68563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[30,68565,68566,68574,68578,68596,68610,68616],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68567,68568,68570,68572],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68569,377],{"class":39},[33,68571,44],{"class":43},[33,68573,118],{"class":47},[33,68575,68576],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68577,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,68579,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,68581,7156],{"class":4046},[33,68583,38540],{"class":156},[33,68585,133],{"class":47},[33,68587,414],{"class":162},[33,68589,3831],{"class":47},[33,68591,38550],{"class":43},[33,68593,4004],{"class":51},[33,68595,6553],{"class":47},[33,68597,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,68599,8227],{"class":156},[33,68601,133],{"class":47},[33,68603,414],{"class":162},[33,68605,217],{"class":47},[33,68607,1114],{"class":51},[33,68609,4059],{"class":47},[33,68611,68612,68614],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,68613,27586],{"class":4046},[33,68615,6553],{"class":47},[33,68617,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,68619,8227],{"class":156},[33,68621,133],{"class":47},[33,68623,80],{"class":79},[33,68625,51969],{"class":83},[33,68627,80],{"class":79},[33,68629,143],{"class":47},[14,68631,207],{},[23,68633,68635],{"className":25,"code":68634,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The list is empty\n",[30,68636,68637],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68638,68639,68641,68643,68645],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68640,2155],{"class":39},[33,68642,1879],{"class":129},[33,68644,8254],{"class":43},[33,68646,8260],{"class":39},[14,68648,68649,68650,68652],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[273,68651,52923],{"href":451}," is a good next step.",[18,68654,68656],{"id":68655},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68658,68659,68661,68662,68665],{},[30,68660,42514],{}," counts only the ",[205,68663,68664],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68667,68668],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[23,68670,68672],{"className":25,"code":68671,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[30,68673,68674,68710],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68675,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690,68692,68694,68696,68698,68700,68702,68704,68706,68708],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68677,1181],{"class":39},[33,68679,44],{"class":43},[33,68681,56438],{"class":47},[33,68683,52],{"class":51},[33,68685,55],{"class":47},[33,68687,58],{"class":51},[33,68689,18215],{"class":47},[33,68691,48],{"class":47},[33,68693,2240],{"class":51},[33,68695,55],{"class":47},[33,68697,1132],{"class":51},[33,68699,18215],{"class":47},[33,68701,48],{"class":47},[33,68703,1085],{"class":51},[33,68705,55],{"class":47},[33,68707,37798],{"class":51},[33,68709,1217],{"class":47},[33,68711,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68713,157],{"class":156},[33,68715,133],{"class":47},[33,68717,726],{"class":156},[33,68719,133],{"class":47},[33,68721,1230],{"class":162},[33,68723,733],{"class":47},[14,68725,207],{},[23,68727,68728],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68729,68730],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68731,68732],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68733,46771],{"class":51},[14,68735,68736],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68738,52232],{},[23,68740,68742],{"className":25,"code":68741,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[30,68743,68744,68770],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68745,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68747,531],{"class":39},[33,68749,44],{"class":43},[33,68751,48],{"class":47},[33,68753,52],{"class":51},[33,68755,55],{"class":47},[33,68757,48],{"class":47},[33,68759,2234],{"class":51},[33,68761,55],{"class":47},[33,68763,63],{"class":51},[33,68765,18215],{"class":47},[33,68767,1132],{"class":51},[33,68769,66],{"class":47},[33,68771,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68773,157],{"class":156},[33,68775,133],{"class":47},[33,68777,726],{"class":156},[33,68779,133],{"class":47},[33,68781,587],{"class":162},[33,68783,733],{"class":47},[14,68785,207],{},[23,68787,68788],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68789,68790],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68791,68792],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68793,46771],{"class":51},[14,68795,21131,68796,68799],{},[30,68797,68798],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[18,68801,1288],{"id":1287},[664,68803,1357,68805,1361,68808],{"id":68804},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[30,68806,68807],{},"my_list.len()",[30,68809,68253],{},[14,68811,68812],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68814,16796],{},[23,68816,68818],{"className":25,"code":68817,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[30,68819,68820,68840],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68823,40],{"class":39},[33,68825,44],{"class":43},[33,68827,48],{"class":47},[33,68829,538],{"class":51},[33,68831,55],{"class":47},[33,68833,7949],{"class":51},[33,68835,55],{"class":47},[33,68837,7954],{"class":51},[33,68839,66],{"class":47},[33,68841,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68843,157],{"class":156},[33,68845,133],{"class":47},[33,68847,163],{"class":162},[33,68849,310],{"class":47},[33,68851,726],{"class":162},[33,68853,7353],{"class":47},[14,68855,16808],{},[23,68857,68859],{"className":25,"code":68858,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[30,68860,68861,68881],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68862,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68864,40],{"class":39},[33,68866,44],{"class":43},[33,68868,48],{"class":47},[33,68870,538],{"class":51},[33,68872,55],{"class":47},[33,68874,7949],{"class":51},[33,68876,55],{"class":47},[33,68878,7954],{"class":51},[33,68880,66],{"class":47},[33,68882,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68884,157],{"class":156},[33,68886,133],{"class":47},[33,68888,726],{"class":156},[33,68890,133],{"class":47},[33,68892,163],{"class":162},[33,68894,733],{"class":47},[14,68896,68897,68899],{},[30,68898,42514],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[664,68901,25841],{"id":25840},[14,68903,16796],{},[23,68905,68907],{"className":25,"code":68906,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[30,68908,68909,68929],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68910,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68912,40],{"class":39},[33,68914,44],{"class":43},[33,68916,48],{"class":47},[33,68918,538],{"class":51},[33,68920,55],{"class":47},[33,68922,7949],{"class":51},[33,68924,55],{"class":47},[33,68926,7954],{"class":51},[33,68928,66],{"class":47},[33,68930,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68932,157],{"class":156},[33,68934,133],{"class":47},[33,68936,726],{"class":156},[33,68938,143],{"class":47},[14,68940,68941],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68943,16808],{},[23,68945,68946],{"className":25,"code":68858,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,68947,68948,68968],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,68949,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,68951,40],{"class":39},[33,68953,44],{"class":43},[33,68955,48],{"class":47},[33,68957,538],{"class":51},[33,68959,55],{"class":47},[33,68961,7949],{"class":51},[33,68963,55],{"class":47},[33,68965,7954],{"class":51},[33,68967,66],{"class":47},[33,68969,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,68971,157],{"class":156},[33,68973,133],{"class":47},[33,68975,726],{"class":156},[33,68977,133],{"class":47},[33,68979,163],{"class":162},[33,68981,733],{"class":47},[664,68983,68985],{"id":68984},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68987,68988,68989,68991],{},"The length of a list is ",[205,68990,4796],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68993,367],{},[23,68995,68997],{"className":25,"code":68996,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[30,68998,68999,69031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69000,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021,69023,69025,69027,69029],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69002,124],{"class":39},[33,69004,44],{"class":43},[33,69006,48],{"class":47},[33,69008,80],{"class":79},[33,69010,273],{"class":83},[33,69012,80],{"class":79},[33,69014,55],{"class":47},[33,69016,91],{"class":79},[33,69018,282],{"class":83},[33,69020,80],{"class":79},[33,69022,55],{"class":47},[33,69024,91],{"class":79},[33,69026,291],{"class":83},[33,69028,80],{"class":79},[33,69030,66],{"class":47},[33,69032,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69034,157],{"class":156},[33,69036,133],{"class":47},[33,69038,726],{"class":156},[33,69040,133],{"class":47},[33,69042,199],{"class":162},[33,69044,733],{"class":47},[14,69046,207],{},[23,69048,69049],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,69050,69051],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69052,69053],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69054,46771],{"class":51},[14,69056,69057,69058,19116,69060,310],{},"But the last index is ",[30,69059,2234],{},[30,69061,2240],{},[14,69063,69064],{},"Indexes are:",[316,69066,69067,69074,69080],{},[319,69068,69069,69071,69072],{},[30,69070,1114],{}," for ",[30,69073,18249],{},[319,69075,69076,69071,69078],{},[30,69077,52],{},[30,69079,65571],{},[319,69081,69082,69071,69084],{},[30,69083,2234],{},[30,69085,66457],{},[14,69087,69088],{},"So this causes an error:",[23,69090,69092],{"className":25,"code":69091,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[30,69093,69094,69126],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69095,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69097,124],{"class":39},[33,69099,44],{"class":43},[33,69101,48],{"class":47},[33,69103,80],{"class":79},[33,69105,273],{"class":83},[33,69107,80],{"class":79},[33,69109,55],{"class":47},[33,69111,91],{"class":79},[33,69113,282],{"class":83},[33,69115,80],{"class":79},[33,69117,55],{"class":47},[33,69119,91],{"class":79},[33,69121,291],{"class":83},[33,69123,80],{"class":79},[33,69125,66],{"class":47},[33,69127,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69129,157],{"class":156},[33,69131,133],{"class":47},[33,69133,199],{"class":162},[33,69135,217],{"class":47},[33,69137,726],{"class":156},[33,69139,133],{"class":47},[33,69141,199],{"class":162},[33,69143,10833],{"class":47},[14,69145,8651,69146,4949,69149,69151,69152,69154],{},[30,69147,69148],{},"len(letters)",[30,69150,2240],{},", and index ",[30,69153,2240],{}," does not exist.",[14,69156,18993],{},[23,69158,69160],{"className":25,"code":69159,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[30,69161,69162,69194],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69163,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69165,124],{"class":39},[33,69167,44],{"class":43},[33,69169,48],{"class":47},[33,69171,80],{"class":79},[33,69173,273],{"class":83},[33,69175,80],{"class":79},[33,69177,55],{"class":47},[33,69179,91],{"class":79},[33,69181,282],{"class":83},[33,69183,80],{"class":79},[33,69185,55],{"class":47},[33,69187,91],{"class":79},[33,69189,291],{"class":83},[33,69191,80],{"class":79},[33,69193,66],{"class":47},[33,69195,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69197,157],{"class":156},[33,69199,133],{"class":47},[33,69201,199],{"class":162},[33,69203,217],{"class":47},[33,69205,726],{"class":156},[33,69207,133],{"class":47},[33,69209,199],{"class":162},[33,69211,3831],{"class":47},[33,69213,2399],{"class":43},[33,69215,1119],{"class":51},[33,69217,4059],{"class":47},[14,69219,207],{},[23,69221,69223],{"className":25,"code":69222,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"c\n",[30,69224,69225],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69226,69227],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69228,69222],{"class":39},[14,69230,69231,69232,310],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[273,69233,69235],{"href":69234},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[664,69237,1357,69239,69241],{"id":69238},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[30,69240,42514],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69243,69244],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69246,69247],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[23,69249,69251],{"className":25,"code":69250,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[30,69252,69253,69263,69277,69291],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69254,69255,69257,69259,69261],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69256,157],{"class":156},[33,69258,133],{"class":47},[33,69260,715],{"class":162},[33,69262,143],{"class":47},[33,69264,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69266,157],{"class":156},[33,69268,133],{"class":47},[33,69270,726],{"class":156},[33,69272,133],{"class":47},[33,69274,715],{"class":162},[33,69276,733],{"class":47},[33,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69280,157],{"class":156},[33,69282,133],{"class":47},[33,69284,1406],{"class":129},[33,69286,133],{"class":47},[33,69288,715],{"class":162},[33,69290,733],{"class":47},[33,69292,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,69294,157],{"class":156},[33,69296,133],{"class":47},[33,69298,715],{"class":162},[33,69300,217],{"class":47},[33,69302,1114],{"class":51},[33,69304,4059],{"class":47},[14,69306,69307],{},"These help you verify:",[316,69309,69310,69313,69315,69318],{},[319,69311,69312],{},"what the variable contains",[319,69314,1904],{},[319,69316,69317],{},"whether it is really a list",[319,69319,69320],{},"what the first item is",[14,69322,69323,69324,69327],{},"Be careful with ",[30,69325,69326],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[18,69329,5127,69331,69333],{"id":69330},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[30,69332,42514],{}," with lists",[14,69335,69336,69337,69339],{},"You will often use ",[30,69338,42514],{}," in real programs.",[14,69341,9527],{},[316,69343,69344,69346,69349,69352],{},[319,69345,51923],{},[319,69347,69348],{},"Control loops",[319,69350,69351],{},"Validate input or results",[319,69353,69354],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69356,69357],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[23,69359,69361],{"className":25,"code":69360,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[30,69362,69363,69383,69399,69403,69417,69431],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69364,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69366,2729],{"class":39},[33,69368,44],{"class":43},[33,69370,48],{"class":47},[33,69372,52],{"class":51},[33,69374,55],{"class":47},[33,69376,58],{"class":51},[33,69378,55],{"class":47},[33,69380,63],{"class":51},[33,69382,66],{"class":47},[33,69384,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69386,2757],{"class":39},[33,69388,44],{"class":43},[33,69390,48],{"class":47},[33,69392,538],{"class":51},[33,69394,55],{"class":47},[33,69396,7949],{"class":51},[33,69398,66],{"class":47},[33,69400,69401],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69402,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,69404,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,69406,157],{"class":156},[33,69408,133],{"class":47},[33,69410,726],{"class":156},[33,69412,133],{"class":47},[33,69414,273],{"class":162},[33,69416,733],{"class":47},[33,69418,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,69420,157],{"class":156},[33,69422,133],{"class":47},[33,69424,726],{"class":156},[33,69426,133],{"class":47},[33,69428,282],{"class":162},[33,69430,733],{"class":47},[33,69432,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,69434,157],{"class":156},[33,69436,133],{"class":47},[33,69438,726],{"class":156},[33,69440,133],{"class":47},[33,69442,273],{"class":162},[33,69444,3831],{"class":47},[33,69446,38550],{"class":43},[33,69448,38540],{"class":156},[33,69450,133],{"class":47},[33,69452,282],{"class":162},[33,69454,733],{"class":47},[14,69456,207],{},[23,69458,69460],{"className":25,"code":69459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[30,69461,69462,69466,69470],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69463,69464],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69465,46771],{"class":51},[33,69467,69468],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69469,17209],{"class":51},[33,69471,69472],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69473,4148],{"class":398},[14,69475,69476],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[23,69478,69480],{"className":25,"code":69479,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[30,69481,69482,69514,69518,69540],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69485,72],{"class":39},[33,69487,44],{"class":43},[33,69489,48],{"class":47},[33,69491,80],{"class":79},[33,69493,84],{"class":83},[33,69495,80],{"class":79},[33,69497,55],{"class":47},[33,69499,91],{"class":79},[33,69501,94],{"class":83},[33,69503,80],{"class":79},[33,69505,55],{"class":47},[33,69507,91],{"class":79},[33,69509,103],{"class":83},[33,69511,80],{"class":79},[33,69513,66],{"class":47},[33,69515,69516],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69517,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,69519,69520,69522,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69521,6117],{"class":4046},[33,69523,69524],{"class":39}," i ",[33,69526,4053],{"class":4046},[33,69528,54218],{"class":156},[33,69530,133],{"class":47},[33,69532,726],{"class":156},[33,69534,133],{"class":47},[33,69536,175],{"class":162},[33,69538,69539],{"class":47},")):\n",[33,69541,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69553,69555,69557],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,69543,8227],{"class":156},[33,69545,133],{"class":47},[33,69547,36308],{"class":162},[33,69549,55],{"class":47},[33,69551,69552],{"class":162}," names",[33,69554,217],{"class":47},[33,69556,36308],{"class":162},[33,69558,4059],{"class":47},[14,69560,207],{},[23,69562,69563],{"className":25,"code":36154,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,69564,69565,69571,69577],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69566,69567,69569],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69568,1114],{"class":51},[33,69570,36163],{"class":39},[33,69572,69573,69575],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69574,52],{"class":51},[33,69576,36170],{"class":39},[33,69578,69579,69581],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69580,2234],{"class":51},[33,69582,36177],{"class":39},[14,69584,69585,69586,310],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[273,69587,69589],{"href":69588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69591,69592,69593,69595],{},"You can also read ",[273,69594,51700],{"href":51699}," for a task-focused guide.",[18,69597,1961],{"id":1960},[664,69599,69601],{"id":69600},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69603,672,69604,69607],{},[30,69605,69606],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[664,69609,2007,69611,12869],{"id":69610},"what-does-len-return",[30,69612,69613],{},"len([])",[14,69615,5312,69616,69618],{},[30,69617,1114],{}," because the list is empty.",[664,69620,69622],{"id":69621},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69624,69625],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[664,69627,28481,69629,69631],{"id":69628},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[30,69630,68807],{}," in Python?",[14,69633,30424,69634,8380,69636,69638],{},[30,69635,68253],{},[30,69637,42514],{}," is a built-in function.",[18,69640,2045],{"id":2044},[316,69642,69643,69649,69653,69657,69661],{},[319,69644,69645],{},[273,69646,2076,69647,3683],{"href":42511},[30,69648,42514],{},[319,69650,69651],{},[273,69652,52743],{"href":51699},[319,69654,69655],{},[273,69656,52923],{"href":451},[319,69658,69659],{},[273,69660,69235],{"href":69234},[319,69662,69663],{},[273,69664,69665],{"href":69588},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2097,69667,69668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":69670},[69671,69672,69674,69675,69676,69677,69685,69687,69695],{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":68245,"depth":69,"text":69673},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":68514,"depth":69,"text":68515},{"id":68655,"depth":69,"text":68656},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":69678},[69679,69681,69682,69683],{"id":68804,"depth":110,"text":69680},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25840,"depth":110,"text":25841},{"id":68984,"depth":110,"text":68985},{"id":69238,"depth":110,"text":69684},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69330,"depth":69,"text":69686},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":69688},[69689,69690,69692,69693],{"id":69600,"depth":110,"text":69601},{"id":69610,"depth":110,"text":69691},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69621,"depth":110,"text":69622},{"id":69628,"depth":110,"text":69694},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68140,"description":69696},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69702,"title":69703,"body":69704,"description":71686,"extension":2138,"meta":71687,"navigation":149,"path":71688,"seo":71689,"stem":71690,"__hash__":71691},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69705,"toc":71659},[69706,69709,69714,69717,69725,69738,69740,69805,69807,69829,69834,69838,69843,69851,69853,69863,69865,69946,69948,69978,69980,69999,70004,70021,70023,70107,70109,70139,70144,70148,70154,70238,70240,70270,70273,70277,70280,70371,70373,70411,70414,70499,70501,70531,70537,70544,70548,70553,70562,70564,70649,70651,70680,70683,70691,70695,70699,70708,70731,70733,70755,70757,70771,70773,70833,70837,70842,70881,70883,70900,70902,70912,71011,71016,71020,71025,71068,71070,71098,71100,71114,71189,71191,71213,71217,71220,71225,71236,71241,71249,71252,71323,71325,71350,71407,71409,71430,71439,71447,71452,71454,71459,71480,71483,71558,71561,71575,71582,71584,71588,71594,71598,71608,71612,71619,71623,71629,71631,71656],[10,69707,69703],{"id":69708},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69710,69711,69713],{},[30,69712,55229],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69715,69716],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[316,69718,69719,69722],{},[319,69720,69721],{},"delete an item from a list",[319,69723,69724],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69726,69727,69728,69730,69731,8860,69733,69737],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[30,69729,12916],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[30,69732,12916],{},[273,69734,69735],{"href":55219},[30,69736,55674],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[18,69739,2180],{"id":2179},[23,69741,69743],{"className":25,"code":69742,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,69744,69745,69765,69780,69784,69795],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69746,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69748,40],{"class":39},[33,69750,44],{"class":43},[33,69752,48],{"class":47},[33,69754,538],{"class":51},[33,69756,55],{"class":47},[33,69758,7949],{"class":51},[33,69760,55],{"class":47},[33,69762,7954],{"class":51},[33,69764,66],{"class":47},[33,69766,69767,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69768,69769],{"class":39},"last_item ",[33,69771,44],{"class":43},[33,69773,4430],{"class":39},[33,69775,310],{"class":47},[33,69777,26393],{"class":162},[33,69779,1671],{"class":47},[33,69781,69782],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69783,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,69785,69786,69788,69790,69793],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,69787,157],{"class":156},[33,69789,133],{"class":47},[33,69791,69792],{"class":162},"last_item",[33,69794,143],{"class":47},[33,69796,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,69798,157],{"class":156},[33,69800,133],{"class":47},[33,69802,163],{"class":162},[33,69804,143],{"class":47},[14,69806,207],{},[23,69808,69810],{"className":25,"code":69809,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[30,69811,69812,69817],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69813,69814],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69815,69816],{"class":51},"30\n",[33,69818,69819,69821,69823,69825,69827],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69820,217],{"class":47},[33,69822,538],{"class":51},[33,69824,55],{"class":47},[33,69826,7949],{"class":51},[33,69828,66],{"class":47},[14,69830,672,69831,69833],{},[30,69832,12916],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[18,69835,69837],{"id":69836},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69839,69840,69842],{},[30,69841,12916],{}," has two main jobs:",[316,69844,69845,69848],{},[319,69846,69847],{},"It removes one item from a list",[319,69849,69850],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69852,43803],{},[316,69854,69855,69858,69861],{},[319,69856,69857],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[319,69859,69860],{},"It changes the original list",[319,69862,52897],{},[14,69864,367],{},[23,69866,69868],{"className":25,"code":69867,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[30,69869,69870,69902,69906,69921,69925,69936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69871,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69873,13229],{"class":39},[33,69875,44],{"class":43},[33,69877,48],{"class":47},[33,69879,80],{"class":79},[33,69881,13246],{"class":83},[33,69883,80],{"class":79},[33,69885,55],{"class":47},[33,69887,91],{"class":79},[33,69889,17608],{"class":83},[33,69891,80],{"class":79},[33,69893,55],{"class":47},[33,69895,91],{"class":79},[33,69897,13263],{"class":83},[33,69899,80],{"class":79},[33,69901,66],{"class":47},[33,69903,69904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69905,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,69907,69908,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,69909,69910],{"class":39},"removed ",[33,69912,44],{"class":43},[33,69914,13277],{"class":39},[33,69916,310],{"class":47},[33,69918,26393],{"class":162},[33,69920,1671],{"class":47},[33,69922,69923],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,69924,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,69926,69927,69929,69931,69934],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,69928,157],{"class":156},[33,69930,133],{"class":47},[33,69932,69933],{"class":162},"removed",[33,69935,143],{"class":47},[33,69937,69938,69940,69942,69944],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,69939,157],{"class":156},[33,69941,133],{"class":47},[33,69943,17655],{"class":162},[33,69945,143],{"class":47},[14,69947,207],{},[23,69949,69951],{"className":25,"code":69950,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[30,69952,69953,69958],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69954,69955],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69956,69957],{"class":39},"blue\n",[33,69959,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,69961,217],{"class":47},[33,69963,236],{"class":79},[33,69965,13246],{"class":83},[33,69967,236],{"class":79},[33,69969,55],{"class":47},[33,69971,245],{"class":79},[33,69973,17608],{"class":83},[33,69975,236],{"class":79},[33,69977,66],{"class":47},[18,69979,2334],{"id":2333},[23,69981,69983],{"className":25,"code":69982,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list.pop([index])\n",[30,69984,69985],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,69986,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,69988,1879],{"class":129},[33,69990,310],{"class":47},[33,69992,26393],{"class":162},[33,69994,3162],{"class":47},[33,69996,36003],{"class":162},[33,69998,4059],{"class":47},[14,70000,2155,70001,70003],{},[30,70002,36003],{}," is optional.",[316,70005,70006,70012,70018],{},[319,70007,70008,70009,70011],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[30,70010,12916],{}," removes the last item",[319,70013,70014,70015,70017],{},"If you give an index, ",[30,70016,12916],{}," removes the item at that position",[319,70019,70020],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70022,367],{},[23,70024,70026],{"className":25,"code":70025,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[30,70027,70028,70060,70064,70083,70087,70097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70029,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70031,124],{"class":39},[33,70033,44],{"class":43},[33,70035,48],{"class":47},[33,70037,80],{"class":79},[33,70039,273],{"class":83},[33,70041,80],{"class":79},[33,70043,55],{"class":47},[33,70045,91],{"class":79},[33,70047,282],{"class":83},[33,70049,80],{"class":79},[33,70051,55],{"class":47},[33,70053,91],{"class":79},[33,70055,291],{"class":83},[33,70057,80],{"class":79},[33,70059,66],{"class":47},[33,70061,70062],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70063,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70065,70066,70068,70070,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70067,28691],{"class":39},[33,70069,44],{"class":43},[33,70071,70072],{"class":39}," letters",[33,70074,310],{"class":47},[33,70076,26393],{"class":162},[33,70078,133],{"class":47},[33,70080,52],{"class":51},[33,70082,143],{"class":47},[33,70084,70085],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70086,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70088,70089,70091,70093,70095],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70090,157],{"class":156},[33,70092,133],{"class":47},[33,70094,23464],{"class":162},[33,70096,143],{"class":47},[33,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70100,157],{"class":156},[33,70102,133],{"class":47},[33,70104,199],{"class":162},[33,70106,143],{"class":47},[14,70108,207],{},[23,70110,70112],{"className":25,"code":70111,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[30,70113,70114,70119],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70115,70116],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70117,70118],{"class":39},"b\n",[33,70120,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70122,217],{"class":47},[33,70124,236],{"class":79},[33,70126,273],{"class":83},[33,70128,236],{"class":79},[33,70130,55],{"class":47},[33,70132,245],{"class":79},[33,70134,291],{"class":83},[33,70136,236],{"class":79},[33,70138,66],{"class":47},[14,70140,70141,70142,310],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[273,70143,52923],{"href":451},[18,70145,70147],{"id":70146},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70149,70150,70151,70153],{},"When you call ",[30,70152,12916],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[23,70155,70157],{"className":25,"code":70156,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[30,70158,70159,70194,70198,70213,70217,70228],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70160,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70172,70174,70176,70178,70181,70183,70185,70187,70190,70192],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70162,30051],{"class":39},[33,70164,44],{"class":43},[33,70166,48],{"class":47},[33,70168,80],{"class":79},[33,70170,70171],{"class":83},"write",[33,70173,80],{"class":79},[33,70175,55],{"class":47},[33,70177,91],{"class":79},[33,70179,70180],{"class":83},"test",[33,70182,80],{"class":79},[33,70184,55],{"class":47},[33,70186,91],{"class":79},[33,70188,70189],{"class":83},"submit",[33,70191,80],{"class":79},[33,70193,66],{"class":47},[33,70195,70196],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70197,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70199,70200,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70201,70202],{"class":39},"last_task ",[33,70204,44],{"class":43},[33,70206,30129],{"class":39},[33,70208,310],{"class":47},[33,70210,26393],{"class":162},[33,70212,1671],{"class":47},[33,70214,70215],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70216,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70218,70219,70221,70223,70226],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70220,157],{"class":156},[33,70222,133],{"class":47},[33,70224,70225],{"class":162},"last_task",[33,70227,143],{"class":47},[33,70229,70230,70232,70234,70236],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70231,157],{"class":156},[33,70233,133],{"class":47},[33,70235,36659],{"class":162},[33,70237,143],{"class":47},[14,70239,207],{},[23,70241,70243],{"className":25,"code":70242,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[30,70244,70245,70250],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70246,70247],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70248,70249],{"class":39},"submit\n",[33,70251,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70253,217],{"class":47},[33,70255,236],{"class":79},[33,70257,70171],{"class":83},[33,70259,236],{"class":79},[33,70261,55],{"class":47},[33,70263,245],{"class":79},[33,70265,70180],{"class":83},[33,70267,236],{"class":79},[33,70269,66],{"class":47},[14,70271,70272],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[18,70274,70276],{"id":70275},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70278,70279],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[23,70281,70283],{"className":25,"code":70282,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[30,70284,70285,70325,70329,70347,70351,70361],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70286,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70323],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70288,36392],{"class":39},[33,70290,44],{"class":43},[33,70292,48],{"class":47},[33,70294,80],{"class":79},[33,70296,386],{"class":83},[33,70298,80],{"class":79},[33,70300,55],{"class":47},[33,70302,91],{"class":79},[33,70304,4255],{"class":83},[33,70306,80],{"class":79},[33,70308,55],{"class":47},[33,70310,91],{"class":79},[33,70312,4264],{"class":83},[33,70314,80],{"class":79},[33,70316,55],{"class":47},[33,70318,91],{"class":79},[33,70320,33376],{"class":83},[33,70322,80],{"class":79},[33,70324,66],{"class":47},[33,70326,70327],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70328,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70330,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70332,69910],{"class":39},[33,70334,44],{"class":43},[33,70336,53003],{"class":39},[33,70338,310],{"class":47},[33,70340,26393],{"class":162},[33,70342,133],{"class":47},[33,70344,52],{"class":51},[33,70346,143],{"class":47},[33,70348,70349],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70350,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70352,70353,70355,70357,70359],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70354,157],{"class":156},[33,70356,133],{"class":47},[33,70358,69933],{"class":162},[33,70360,143],{"class":47},[33,70362,70363,70365,70367,70369],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70364,157],{"class":156},[33,70366,133],{"class":47},[33,70368,36444],{"class":162},[33,70370,143],{"class":47},[14,70372,207],{},[23,70374,70376],{"className":25,"code":70375,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[30,70377,70378,70383],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70379,70380],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70381,70382],{"class":39},"banana\n",[33,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70386,217],{"class":47},[33,70388,236],{"class":79},[33,70390,386],{"class":83},[33,70392,236],{"class":79},[33,70394,55],{"class":47},[33,70396,245],{"class":79},[33,70398,4264],{"class":83},[33,70400,236],{"class":79},[33,70402,55],{"class":47},[33,70404,245],{"class":79},[33,70406,33376],{"class":83},[33,70408,236],{"class":79},[33,70410,66],{"class":47},[14,70412,70413],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[23,70415,70417],{"className":25,"code":70416,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[30,70418,70419,70451,70455,70475,70479,70489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70420,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70422,36392],{"class":39},[33,70424,44],{"class":43},[33,70426,48],{"class":47},[33,70428,80],{"class":79},[33,70430,386],{"class":83},[33,70432,80],{"class":79},[33,70434,55],{"class":47},[33,70436,91],{"class":79},[33,70438,4255],{"class":83},[33,70440,80],{"class":79},[33,70442,55],{"class":47},[33,70444,91],{"class":79},[33,70446,4264],{"class":83},[33,70448,80],{"class":79},[33,70450,66],{"class":47},[33,70452,70453],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70454,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70456,70457,70459,70461,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70458,69910],{"class":39},[33,70460,44],{"class":43},[33,70462,53003],{"class":39},[33,70464,310],{"class":47},[33,70466,26393],{"class":162},[33,70468,133],{"class":47},[33,70470,2199],{"class":43},[33,70472,52],{"class":51},[33,70474,143],{"class":47},[33,70476,70477],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70478,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70480,70481,70483,70485,70487],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70482,157],{"class":156},[33,70484,133],{"class":47},[33,70486,69933],{"class":162},[33,70488,143],{"class":47},[33,70490,70491,70493,70495,70497],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70492,157],{"class":156},[33,70494,133],{"class":47},[33,70496,36444],{"class":162},[33,70498,143],{"class":47},[14,70500,207],{},[23,70502,70504],{"className":25,"code":70503,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[30,70505,70506,70511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70507,70508],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70509,70510],{"class":39},"cherry\n",[33,70512,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70514,217],{"class":47},[33,70516,236],{"class":79},[33,70518,386],{"class":83},[33,70520,236],{"class":79},[33,70522,55],{"class":47},[33,70524,245],{"class":79},[33,70526,4255],{"class":83},[33,70528,236],{"class":79},[33,70530,66],{"class":47},[14,70532,70533,70534,70536],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[30,70535,65830],{}," means the last item.",[14,70538,70539,70540,310],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[273,70541,70542,887],{"href":59108},[30,70543,64841],{},[18,70545,70547],{"id":70546},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70549,70550,70552],{},[30,70551,12916],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70554,70555,70556,2030,70558,310],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[30,70557,12916],{},[273,70559,70560],{"href":55219},[30,70561,55674],{},[14,70563,367],{},[23,70565,70567],{"className":25,"code":70566,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[30,70568,70569,70601,70605,70624,70628,70639],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70570,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70572,72],{"class":39},[33,70574,44],{"class":43},[33,70576,48],{"class":47},[33,70578,80],{"class":79},[33,70580,84],{"class":83},[33,70582,80],{"class":79},[33,70584,55],{"class":47},[33,70586,91],{"class":79},[33,70588,94],{"class":83},[33,70590,80],{"class":79},[33,70592,55],{"class":47},[33,70594,91],{"class":79},[33,70596,103],{"class":83},[33,70598,80],{"class":79},[33,70600,66],{"class":47},[33,70602,70603],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70604,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70606,70607,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70608,70609],{"class":39},"removed_name ",[33,70611,44],{"class":43},[33,70613,69552],{"class":39},[33,70615,310],{"class":47},[33,70617,26393],{"class":162},[33,70619,133],{"class":47},[33,70621,1114],{"class":51},[33,70623,143],{"class":47},[33,70625,70626],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70627,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70629,70630,70632,70634,70637],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70631,157],{"class":156},[33,70633,133],{"class":47},[33,70635,70636],{"class":162},"removed_name",[33,70638,143],{"class":47},[33,70640,70641,70643,70645,70647],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70642,157],{"class":156},[33,70644,133],{"class":47},[33,70646,175],{"class":162},[33,70648,143],{"class":47},[14,70650,207],{},[23,70652,70654],{"className":25,"code":70653,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[30,70655,70656,70660],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70657,70658],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70659,50193],{"class":39},[33,70661,70662,70664,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70663,217],{"class":47},[33,70665,236],{"class":79},[33,70667,94],{"class":83},[33,70669,236],{"class":79},[33,70671,55],{"class":47},[33,70673,245],{"class":79},[33,70675,103],{"class":83},[33,70677,236],{"class":79},[33,70679,66],{"class":47},[14,70681,70682],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70684,70685,70686,70688,70689,310],{},"By comparison, ",[30,70687,55674],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[30,70690,3950],{},[18,70692,70694],{"id":70693},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[664,70696,70698],{"id":70697},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70700,70701,70702,70704,70705,310],{},"If the list is empty, ",[30,70703,12916],{}," raises an ",[30,70706,70707],{},"IndexError",[23,70709,70711],{"className":25,"code":70710,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[30,70712,70713,70721],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70714,70715,70717,70719],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70716,377],{"class":39},[33,70718,44],{"class":43},[33,70720,118],{"class":47},[33,70722,70723,70725,70727,70729],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70724,414],{"class":39},[33,70726,310],{"class":47},[33,70728,26393],{"class":162},[33,70730,1671],{"class":47},[14,70732,207],{},[23,70734,70736],{"className":25,"code":70735,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[30,70737,70738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70739,70740,70742,70744,70747,70750,70753],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70741,70707],{"class":129},[33,70743,3061],{"class":47},[33,70745,70746],{"class":39}," pop ",[33,70748,70749],{"class":4046},"from",[33,70751,70752],{"class":39}," empty ",[33,70754,50039],{"class":129},[14,70756,39416],{},[316,70758,70759,70764],{},[319,70760,70761,70762],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[30,70763,12916],{},[319,70765,70766,70767,2030,70769],{},"Or handle the error with ",[30,70768,29957],{},[30,70770,29988],{},[14,70772,367],{},[23,70774,70776],{"className":25,"code":70775,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[30,70777,70778,70786,70790,70798,70812,70818],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70779,70780,70782,70784],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70781,377],{"class":39},[33,70783,44],{"class":43},[33,70785,118],{"class":47},[33,70787,70788],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70789,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70791,70792,70794,70796],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70793,7156],{"class":4046},[33,70795,6125],{"class":39},[33,70797,6553],{"class":47},[33,70799,70800,70802,70804,70806,70808,70810],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70801,8227],{"class":156},[33,70803,133],{"class":47},[33,70805,414],{"class":162},[33,70807,310],{"class":47},[33,70809,26393],{"class":162},[33,70811,7353],{"class":47},[33,70813,70814,70816],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70815,27586],{"class":4046},[33,70817,6553],{"class":47},[33,70819,70820,70822,70824,70826,70829,70831],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70821,8227],{"class":156},[33,70823,133],{"class":47},[33,70825,80],{"class":79},[33,70827,70828],{"class":83},"The list is empty.",[33,70830,80],{"class":79},[33,70832,143],{"class":47},[664,70834,70836],{"id":70835},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70838,70839,70840,310],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[30,70841,70707],{},[23,70843,70845],{"className":25,"code":70844,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[30,70846,70847,70867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70848,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70850,40],{"class":39},[33,70852,44],{"class":43},[33,70854,48],{"class":47},[33,70856,538],{"class":51},[33,70858,55],{"class":47},[33,70860,7949],{"class":51},[33,70862,55],{"class":47},[33,70864,7954],{"class":51},[33,70866,66],{"class":47},[33,70868,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877,70879],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70870,163],{"class":39},[33,70872,310],{"class":47},[33,70874,26393],{"class":162},[33,70876,133],{"class":47},[33,70878,1085],{"class":51},[33,70880,143],{"class":47},[14,70882,207],{},[23,70884,70886],{"className":25,"code":70885,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[30,70887,70888],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70889,70890,70892,70894,70897],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70891,70707],{"class":129},[33,70893,3061],{"class":47},[33,70895,70896],{"class":39}," pop index out of ",[33,70898,70899],{"class":156},"range\n",[14,70901,39416],{},[316,70903,70904,70909],{},[319,70905,70906,70907],{},"Check the list length with ",[30,70908,42514],{},[319,70910,70911],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[23,70913,70915],{"className":25,"code":70914,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[30,70916,70917,70937,70946,70950,70972,70990,70996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,70920,40],{"class":39},[33,70922,44],{"class":43},[33,70924,48],{"class":47},[33,70926,538],{"class":51},[33,70928,55],{"class":47},[33,70930,7949],{"class":51},[33,70932,55],{"class":47},[33,70934,7954],{"class":51},[33,70936,66],{"class":47},[33,70938,70939,70942,70944],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,70940,70941],{"class":39},"index ",[33,70943,44],{"class":43},[33,70945,45743],{"class":51},[33,70947,70948],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,70949,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,70951,70952,70954,70956,70959,70962,70964,70966,70968,70970],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,70953,7156],{"class":4046},[33,70955,4004],{"class":51},[33,70957,70958],{"class":43}," \u003C=",[33,70960,70961],{"class":39}," index ",[33,70963,1427],{"class":43},[33,70965,38540],{"class":156},[33,70967,133],{"class":47},[33,70969,163],{"class":162},[33,70971,8498],{"class":47},[33,70973,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,70975,8227],{"class":156},[33,70977,133],{"class":47},[33,70979,163],{"class":162},[33,70981,310],{"class":47},[33,70983,26393],{"class":162},[33,70985,133],{"class":47},[33,70987,36003],{"class":162},[33,70989,733],{"class":47},[33,70991,70992,70994],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,70993,27586],{"class":4046},[33,70995,6553],{"class":47},[33,70997,70998,71000,71002,71004,71007,71009],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,70999,8227],{"class":156},[33,71001,133],{"class":47},[33,71003,80],{"class":79},[33,71005,71006],{"class":83},"Index is out of range.",[33,71008,80],{"class":79},[33,71010,143],{"class":47},[14,71012,71013,71014,310],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[273,71015,69235],{"href":69234},[664,71017,71019],{"id":71018},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71021,71022,71024],{},[30,71023,12916],{}," expects an integer index.",[23,71026,71028],{"className":25,"code":71027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[30,71029,71030,71050],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71033,40],{"class":39},[33,71035,44],{"class":43},[33,71037,48],{"class":47},[33,71039,538],{"class":51},[33,71041,55],{"class":47},[33,71043,7949],{"class":51},[33,71045,55],{"class":47},[33,71047,7954],{"class":51},[33,71049,66],{"class":47},[33,71051,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064,71066],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71053,163],{"class":39},[33,71055,310],{"class":47},[33,71057,26393],{"class":162},[33,71059,133],{"class":47},[33,71061,80],{"class":79},[33,71063,52],{"class":83},[33,71065,80],{"class":79},[33,71067,143],{"class":47},[14,71069,207],{},[23,71071,71073],{"className":25,"code":71072,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[30,71074,71075],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71076,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71092,71095],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71078,3181],{"class":129},[33,71080,3061],{"class":47},[33,71082,245],{"class":79},[33,71084,3617],{"class":83},[33,71086,236],{"class":79},[33,71088,24771],{"class":129},[33,71090,71091],{"class":39}," cannot be interpreted ",[33,71093,71094],{"class":4046},"as",[33,71096,71097],{"class":39}," an integer\n",[14,71099,39416],{},[316,71101,71102,71111],{},[319,71103,71104,71105,1931,71107,2370,71109],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[30,71106,1114],{},[30,71108,52],{},[30,71110,65830],{},[319,71112,71113],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[23,71115,71117],{"className":25,"code":71116,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,71118,71119,71139,71157,71161,71179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71120,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71122,40],{"class":39},[33,71124,44],{"class":43},[33,71126,48],{"class":47},[33,71128,538],{"class":51},[33,71130,55],{"class":47},[33,71132,7949],{"class":51},[33,71134,55],{"class":47},[33,71136,7954],{"class":51},[33,71138,66],{"class":47},[33,71140,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71142,70941],{"class":39},[33,71144,44],{"class":43},[33,71146,45430],{"class":129},[33,71148,133],{"class":47},[33,71150,80],{"class":79},[33,71152,52],{"class":83},[33,71154,80],{"class":79},[33,71156,143],{"class":47},[33,71158,71159],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71160,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,71162,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71164,157],{"class":156},[33,71166,133],{"class":47},[33,71168,163],{"class":162},[33,71170,310],{"class":47},[33,71172,26393],{"class":162},[33,71174,133],{"class":47},[33,71176,36003],{"class":162},[33,71178,733],{"class":47},[33,71180,71181,71183,71185,71187],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,71182,157],{"class":156},[33,71184,133],{"class":47},[33,71186,163],{"class":162},[33,71188,143],{"class":47},[14,71190,207],{},[23,71192,71194],{"className":25,"code":71193,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[30,71195,71196,71201],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71197,71198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71199,71200],{"class":51},"20\n",[33,71202,71203,71205,71207,71209,71211],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71204,217],{"class":47},[33,71206,538],{"class":51},[33,71208,55],{"class":47},[33,71210,7954],{"class":51},[33,71212,66],{"class":47},[18,71214,71216],{"id":71215},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71218,71219],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[664,71221,672,71223,10755],{"id":71222},"use-pop-when",[30,71224,12916],{},[316,71226,71227,71230,71233],{},[319,71228,71229],{},"you want to remove by index",[319,71231,71232],{},"you want the removed item returned",[319,71234,71235],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[664,71237,672,71239,10755],{"id":71238},"use-remove-when",[30,71240,55674],{},[316,71242,71243,71246],{},[319,71244,71245],{},"you want to remove by value",[319,71247,71248],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71250,71251],{},"Compare these examples:",[23,71253,71255],{"className":25,"code":71254,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,71256,71257,71281,71285,71303,71313],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71258,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275,71277,71279],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71260,40],{"class":39},[33,71262,44],{"class":43},[33,71264,48],{"class":47},[33,71266,538],{"class":51},[33,71268,55],{"class":47},[33,71270,7949],{"class":51},[33,71272,55],{"class":47},[33,71274,7954],{"class":51},[33,71276,55],{"class":47},[33,71278,7949],{"class":51},[33,71280,66],{"class":47},[33,71282,71283],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71284,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,71286,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71288,69910],{"class":39},[33,71290,44],{"class":43},[33,71292,4430],{"class":39},[33,71294,310],{"class":47},[33,71296,26393],{"class":162},[33,71298,133],{"class":47},[33,71300,52],{"class":51},[33,71302,143],{"class":47},[33,71304,71305,71307,71309,71311],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71306,157],{"class":156},[33,71308,133],{"class":47},[33,71310,69933],{"class":162},[33,71312,143],{"class":47},[33,71314,71315,71317,71319,71321],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,71316,157],{"class":156},[33,71318,133],{"class":47},[33,71320,163],{"class":162},[33,71322,143],{"class":47},[14,71324,207],{},[23,71326,71328],{"className":25,"code":71327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[30,71329,71330,71334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71331,71332],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71333,71200],{"class":51},[33,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71337,217],{"class":47},[33,71339,538],{"class":51},[33,71341,55],{"class":47},[33,71343,7954],{"class":51},[33,71345,55],{"class":47},[33,71347,7949],{"class":51},[33,71349,66],{"class":47},[23,71351,71353],{"className":25,"code":71352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,71354,71355,71379,71383,71397],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71356,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71358,40],{"class":39},[33,71360,44],{"class":43},[33,71362,48],{"class":47},[33,71364,538],{"class":51},[33,71366,55],{"class":47},[33,71368,7949],{"class":51},[33,71370,55],{"class":47},[33,71372,7954],{"class":51},[33,71374,55],{"class":47},[33,71376,7949],{"class":51},[33,71378,66],{"class":47},[33,71380,71381],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71382,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,71384,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71386,163],{"class":39},[33,71388,310],{"class":47},[33,71390,34950],{"class":162},[33,71392,133],{"class":47},[33,71394,15906],{"class":51},[33,71396,143],{"class":47},[33,71398,71399,71401,71403,71405],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71400,157],{"class":156},[33,71402,133],{"class":47},[33,71404,163],{"class":162},[33,71406,143],{"class":47},[14,71408,207],{},[23,71410,71412],{"className":25,"code":71411,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[30,71413,71414],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71417,217],{"class":47},[33,71419,538],{"class":51},[33,71421,55],{"class":47},[33,71423,7954],{"class":51},[33,71425,55],{"class":47},[33,71427,7949],{"class":51},[33,71429,66],{"class":47},[14,71431,71432,71433,71436,71437,310],{},"In the first example, ",[30,71434,71435],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[30,71438,52],{},[14,71440,56749,71441,71444,71445,310],{},[30,71442,71443],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[30,71446,15906],{},[14,71448,71449,71450,310],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[273,71451,55215],{"href":55214},[18,71453,3006],{"id":3005},[14,71455,71456,71457,3061],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[30,71458,12916],{},[316,71460,71461,71464,71467,71473,71477],{},[319,71462,71463],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[319,71465,71466],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[319,71468,37358,71469,8860,71471],{},[30,71470,12916],{},[30,71472,55674],{},[319,71474,1487,71475,61947],{},[30,71476,12916],{},[319,71478,71479],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71481,71482],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[23,71484,71486],{"className":25,"code":71485,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[30,71487,71488,71498,71512,71526,71544],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71489,71490,71492,71494,71496],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71491,157],{"class":156},[33,71493,133],{"class":47},[33,71495,715],{"class":162},[33,71497,143],{"class":47},[33,71499,71500,71502,71504,71506,71508,71510],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71501,157],{"class":156},[33,71503,133],{"class":47},[33,71505,726],{"class":156},[33,71507,133],{"class":47},[33,71509,715],{"class":162},[33,71511,733],{"class":47},[33,71513,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71515,157],{"class":156},[33,71517,133],{"class":47},[33,71519,715],{"class":162},[33,71521,310],{"class":47},[33,71523,26393],{"class":162},[33,71525,7353],{"class":47},[33,71527,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71529,157],{"class":156},[33,71531,133],{"class":47},[33,71533,715],{"class":162},[33,71535,310],{"class":47},[33,71537,26393],{"class":162},[33,71539,133],{"class":47},[33,71541,1114],{"class":51},[33,71543,733],{"class":47},[33,71545,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,71547,157],{"class":156},[33,71549,133],{"class":47},[33,71551,1406],{"class":129},[33,71553,133],{"class":47},[33,71555,36003],{"class":162},[33,71557,733],{"class":47},[14,71559,71560],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[316,71562,71563,71569],{},[319,71564,71565,71568],{},[30,71566,71567],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[319,71570,71571,71574],{},[30,71572,71573],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71576,71577,71578,71581],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[30,71579,71580],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[18,71583,1961],{"id":1960},[664,71585,71587],{"id":71586},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71589,71590,71591,71593],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[30,71592,12916],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[664,71595,71597],{"id":71596},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71599,71600,71602,71603,71605,71606,310],{},[30,71601,12916],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[30,71604,55674],{}," removes by value and returns ",[30,71607,3950],{},[664,71609,71611],{"id":71610},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71613,71614,71615,71618],{},"Yes. For example, ",[30,71616,71617],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[664,71620,71622],{"id":71621},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71624,71625,71626,71628],{},"Python raises ",[30,71627,70707],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[18,71630,2045],{"id":2044},[316,71632,71633,71637,71642,71647,71652],{},[319,71634,71635],{},[273,71636,55661],{"href":55214},[319,71638,71639],{},[273,71640,71641],{"href":55219},"Python list remove() method",[319,71643,71644],{},[273,71645,71646],{"href":59108},"Python list index() method",[319,71648,71649],{},[273,71650,71651],{"href":451},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[319,71653,71654],{},[273,71655,69235],{"href":69234},[2097,71657,71658],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":71660},[71661,71662,71663,71664,71665,71666,71667,71672,71678,71679,71685],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":69836,"depth":69,"text":69837},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":70146,"depth":69,"text":70147},{"id":70275,"depth":69,"text":70276},{"id":70546,"depth":69,"text":70547},{"id":70693,"depth":69,"text":70694,"children":71668},[71669,71670,71671],{"id":70697,"depth":110,"text":70698},{"id":70835,"depth":110,"text":70836},{"id":71018,"depth":110,"text":71019},{"id":71215,"depth":69,"text":71216,"children":71673},[71674,71676],{"id":71222,"depth":110,"text":71675},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71238,"depth":110,"text":71677},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":71680},[71681,71682,71683,71684],{"id":71586,"depth":110,"text":71587},{"id":71596,"depth":110,"text":71597},{"id":71610,"depth":110,"text":71611},{"id":71621,"depth":110,"text":71622},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69703,"description":71686},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71693,"title":71694,"body":71695,"description":73481,"extension":2138,"meta":73482,"navigation":149,"path":73483,"seo":73484,"stem":73485,"__hash__":73486},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71696,"toc":73463},[71697,71700,71705,71711,71713,71783,71789,71793,71798,71819,71822,71889,71891,71912,71920,71922,71941,71957,71959,72024,72026,72051,72053,72055,72120,72122,72147,72149,72163,72166,72219,72221,72242,72246,72254,72327,72329,72362,72368,72374,72465,72467,72492,72498,72587,72589,72613,72615,72619,72674,72676,72708,72711,72714,72808,72810,72843,72849,72855,72859,72866,72892,72896,72961,72963,72988,72992,73073,73075,73104,73109,73114,73120,73124,73131,73153,73157,73216,73218,73242,73251,73256,73258,73262,73291,73293,73368,73371,73385,73391,73393,73397,73400,73404,73409,73413,73422,73426,73434,73436,73460],[10,71698,71694],{"id":71699},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71701,2155,71702,71704],{},[30,71703,55222],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71706,71707,71708,71710],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[205,71709,2647],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[18,71712,2180],{"id":2179},[23,71714,71716],{"className":25,"code":71715,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[30,71717,71718,71750,71768,71778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71719,71720,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71721,377],{"class":39},[33,71723,44],{"class":43},[33,71725,48],{"class":47},[33,71727,80],{"class":79},[33,71729,386],{"class":83},[33,71731,80],{"class":79},[33,71733,55],{"class":47},[33,71735,91],{"class":79},[33,71737,4255],{"class":83},[33,71739,80],{"class":79},[33,71741,55],{"class":47},[33,71743,91],{"class":79},[33,71745,33376],{"class":83},[33,71747,80],{"class":79},[33,71749,66],{"class":47},[33,71751,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71753,414],{"class":39},[33,71755,310],{"class":47},[33,71757,34950],{"class":162},[33,71759,133],{"class":47},[33,71761,80],{"class":79},[33,71763,4255],{"class":83},[33,71765,80],{"class":79},[33,71767,143],{"class":47},[33,71769,71770,71772,71774,71776],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71771,157],{"class":156},[33,71773,133],{"class":47},[33,71775,414],{"class":162},[33,71777,143],{"class":47},[33,71779,71780],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71781,71782],{"class":1308},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71784,672,71785,71788],{},[30,71786,71787],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[18,71790,71792],{"id":71791},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71794,71795,71797],{},[30,71796,55674],{}," is a list method that:",[316,71799,71800,71806,71811,71816],{},[319,71801,71802,71803,71805],{},"Deletes the ",[205,71804,30062],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[319,71807,71808,71809],{},"Changes the original list ",[205,71810,11485],{},[319,71812,12857,71813,71815],{},[205,71814,4796],{}," return a new list",[319,71817,71818],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71820,71821],{},"This is important for beginners:",[23,71823,71825],{"className":25,"code":71824,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[30,71826,71827,71847,71865,71869,71879],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71828,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71830,40],{"class":39},[33,71832,44],{"class":43},[33,71834,48],{"class":47},[33,71836,52],{"class":51},[33,71838,55],{"class":47},[33,71840,58],{"class":51},[33,71842,55],{"class":47},[33,71844,63],{"class":51},[33,71846,66],{"class":47},[33,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71850,1506],{"class":39},[33,71852,44],{"class":43},[33,71854,4430],{"class":39},[33,71856,310],{"class":47},[33,71858,34950],{"class":162},[33,71860,133],{"class":47},[33,71862,2234],{"class":51},[33,71864,143],{"class":47},[33,71866,71867],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,71868,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,71870,71871,71873,71875,71877],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,71872,157],{"class":156},[33,71874,133],{"class":47},[33,71876,163],{"class":162},[33,71878,143],{"class":47},[33,71880,71881,71883,71885,71887],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,71882,157],{"class":156},[33,71884,133],{"class":47},[33,71886,1530],{"class":162},[33,71888,143],{"class":47},[14,71890,207],{},[23,71892,71894],{"className":25,"code":71893,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[30,71895,71896,71908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71897,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71899,217],{"class":47},[33,71901,52],{"class":51},[33,71903,55],{"class":47},[33,71905,63],{"class":51},[33,71907,66],{"class":47},[33,71909,71910],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71911,11961],{"class":398},[14,71913,71914,71915,71917,71918,310],{},"The list changed, but ",[30,71916,55674],{}," itself returned ",[30,71919,3950],{},[18,71921,5592],{"id":5591},[23,71923,71925],{"className":25,"code":71924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list.remove(value)\n",[30,71926,71927],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71928,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71930,1879],{"class":129},[33,71932,310],{"class":47},[33,71934,34950],{"class":162},[33,71936,133],{"class":47},[33,71938,2647],{"class":162},[33,71940,143],{"class":47},[316,71942,71943,71948,71951],{},[319,71944,71945,71947],{},[30,71946,2647],{}," is the item you want to delete",[319,71949,71950],{},"Python searches from left to right",[319,71952,71953,71954,71956],{},"Only the ",[205,71955,30062],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71958,367],{},[23,71960,71962],{"className":25,"code":71961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,71963,71964,71996,72014],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,71965,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,71967,124],{"class":39},[33,71969,44],{"class":43},[33,71971,48],{"class":47},[33,71973,80],{"class":79},[33,71975,273],{"class":83},[33,71977,80],{"class":79},[33,71979,55],{"class":47},[33,71981,91],{"class":79},[33,71983,282],{"class":83},[33,71985,80],{"class":79},[33,71987,55],{"class":47},[33,71989,91],{"class":79},[33,71991,291],{"class":83},[33,71993,80],{"class":79},[33,71995,66],{"class":47},[33,71997,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,71999,199],{"class":39},[33,72001,310],{"class":47},[33,72003,34950],{"class":162},[33,72005,133],{"class":47},[33,72007,80],{"class":79},[33,72009,282],{"class":83},[33,72011,80],{"class":79},[33,72013,143],{"class":47},[33,72015,72016,72018,72020,72022],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72017,157],{"class":156},[33,72019,133],{"class":47},[33,72021,199],{"class":162},[33,72023,143],{"class":47},[14,72025,207],{},[23,72027,72029],{"className":25,"code":72028,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'c']\n",[30,72030,72031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72032,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72034,217],{"class":47},[33,72036,236],{"class":79},[33,72038,273],{"class":83},[33,72040,236],{"class":79},[33,72042,55],{"class":47},[33,72044,245],{"class":79},[33,72046,291],{"class":83},[33,72048,236],{"class":79},[33,72050,66],{"class":47},[18,72052,5946],{"id":5945},[14,72054,65150],{},[23,72056,72058],{"className":25,"code":72057,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[30,72059,72060,72092,72110],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72061,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72063,13229],{"class":39},[33,72065,44],{"class":43},[33,72067,48],{"class":47},[33,72069,80],{"class":79},[33,72071,13246],{"class":83},[33,72073,80],{"class":79},[33,72075,55],{"class":47},[33,72077,91],{"class":79},[33,72079,13263],{"class":83},[33,72081,80],{"class":79},[33,72083,55],{"class":47},[33,72085,91],{"class":79},[33,72087,17608],{"class":83},[33,72089,80],{"class":79},[33,72091,66],{"class":47},[33,72093,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72095,17655],{"class":39},[33,72097,310],{"class":47},[33,72099,34950],{"class":162},[33,72101,133],{"class":47},[33,72103,80],{"class":79},[33,72105,13263],{"class":83},[33,72107,80],{"class":79},[33,72109,143],{"class":47},[33,72111,72112,72114,72116,72118],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72113,157],{"class":156},[33,72115,133],{"class":47},[33,72117,17655],{"class":162},[33,72119,143],{"class":47},[14,72121,207],{},[23,72123,72125],{"className":25,"code":72124,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['red', 'green']\n",[30,72126,72127],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72128,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72130,217],{"class":47},[33,72132,236],{"class":79},[33,72134,13246],{"class":83},[33,72136,236],{"class":79},[33,72138,55],{"class":47},[33,72140,245],{"class":79},[33,72142,17608],{"class":83},[33,72144,236],{"class":79},[33,72146,66],{"class":47},[14,72148,11836],{},[316,72150,72151,72154,72160],{},[319,72152,72153],{},"A list is created with three values",[319,72155,72156,72159],{},[30,72157,72158],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[319,72161,72162],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72164,72165],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[23,72167,72169],{"className":25,"code":72168,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[30,72170,72171,72195,72209],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72172,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72174,5228],{"class":39},[33,72176,44],{"class":43},[33,72178,48],{"class":47},[33,72180,538],{"class":51},[33,72182,55],{"class":47},[33,72184,7949],{"class":51},[33,72186,55],{"class":47},[33,72188,7954],{"class":51},[33,72190,55],{"class":47},[33,72192,50997],{"class":51},[33,72194,66],{"class":47},[33,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72198,16541],{"class":39},[33,72200,310],{"class":47},[33,72202,34950],{"class":162},[33,72204,133],{"class":47},[33,72206,36995],{"class":51},[33,72208,143],{"class":47},[33,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72212,157],{"class":156},[33,72214,133],{"class":47},[33,72216,16541],{"class":162},[33,72218,143],{"class":47},[14,72220,207],{},[23,72222,72224],{"className":25,"code":72223,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[30,72225,72226],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72227,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72229,217],{"class":47},[33,72231,538],{"class":51},[33,72233,55],{"class":47},[33,72235,7949],{"class":51},[33,72237,55],{"class":47},[33,72239,50997],{"class":51},[33,72241,66],{"class":47},[18,72243,72245],{"id":72244},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72247,65140,72248,72250,72251,72253],{},[30,72249,55674],{}," deletes only the ",[205,72252,30062],{}," one.",[23,72255,72257],{"className":25,"code":72256,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[30,72258,72259,72299,72317],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72260,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72262,377],{"class":39},[33,72264,44],{"class":43},[33,72266,48],{"class":47},[33,72268,80],{"class":79},[33,72270,386],{"class":83},[33,72272,80],{"class":79},[33,72274,55],{"class":47},[33,72276,91],{"class":79},[33,72278,4255],{"class":83},[33,72280,80],{"class":79},[33,72282,55],{"class":47},[33,72284,91],{"class":79},[33,72286,386],{"class":83},[33,72288,80],{"class":79},[33,72290,55],{"class":47},[33,72292,91],{"class":79},[33,72294,33376],{"class":83},[33,72296,80],{"class":79},[33,72298,66],{"class":47},[33,72300,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72302,414],{"class":39},[33,72304,310],{"class":47},[33,72306,34950],{"class":162},[33,72308,133],{"class":47},[33,72310,80],{"class":79},[33,72312,386],{"class":83},[33,72314,80],{"class":79},[33,72316,143],{"class":47},[33,72318,72319,72321,72323,72325],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72320,157],{"class":156},[33,72322,133],{"class":47},[33,72324,414],{"class":162},[33,72326,143],{"class":47},[14,72328,207],{},[23,72330,72332],{"className":25,"code":72331,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[30,72333,72334],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72335,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72337,217],{"class":47},[33,72339,236],{"class":79},[33,72341,4255],{"class":83},[33,72343,236],{"class":79},[33,72345,55],{"class":47},[33,72347,245],{"class":79},[33,72349,386],{"class":83},[33,72351,236],{"class":79},[33,72353,55],{"class":47},[33,72355,245],{"class":79},[33,72357,33376],{"class":83},[33,72359,236],{"class":79},[33,72361,66],{"class":47},[14,72363,72364,72365,72367],{},"Only the first ",[30,72366,57977],{}," was removed.",[14,72369,72370,72371,72373],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[30,72372,55674],{}," again:",[23,72375,72377],{"className":25,"code":72376,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[30,72378,72379,72419,72437,72455],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72380,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72382,377],{"class":39},[33,72384,44],{"class":43},[33,72386,48],{"class":47},[33,72388,80],{"class":79},[33,72390,386],{"class":83},[33,72392,80],{"class":79},[33,72394,55],{"class":47},[33,72396,91],{"class":79},[33,72398,4255],{"class":83},[33,72400,80],{"class":79},[33,72402,55],{"class":47},[33,72404,91],{"class":79},[33,72406,386],{"class":83},[33,72408,80],{"class":79},[33,72410,55],{"class":47},[33,72412,91],{"class":79},[33,72414,33376],{"class":83},[33,72416,80],{"class":79},[33,72418,66],{"class":47},[33,72420,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72422,414],{"class":39},[33,72424,310],{"class":47},[33,72426,34950],{"class":162},[33,72428,133],{"class":47},[33,72430,80],{"class":79},[33,72432,386],{"class":83},[33,72434,80],{"class":79},[33,72436,143],{"class":47},[33,72438,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72440,414],{"class":39},[33,72442,310],{"class":47},[33,72444,34950],{"class":162},[33,72446,133],{"class":47},[33,72448,80],{"class":79},[33,72450,386],{"class":83},[33,72452,80],{"class":79},[33,72454,143],{"class":47},[33,72456,72457,72459,72461,72463],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,72458,157],{"class":156},[33,72460,133],{"class":47},[33,72462,414],{"class":162},[33,72464,143],{"class":47},[14,72466,207],{},[23,72468,72470],{"className":25,"code":72469,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[30,72471,72472],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72473,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72475,217],{"class":47},[33,72477,236],{"class":79},[33,72479,4255],{"class":83},[33,72481,236],{"class":79},[33,72483,55],{"class":47},[33,72485,245],{"class":79},[33,72487,33376],{"class":83},[33,72489,236],{"class":79},[33,72491,66],{"class":47},[14,72493,72494,72495,72497],{},"If you need to remove ",[205,72496,3887],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[23,72499,72501],{"className":25,"code":72500,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[30,72502,72503,72543,72577],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72504,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72506,377],{"class":39},[33,72508,44],{"class":43},[33,72510,48],{"class":47},[33,72512,80],{"class":79},[33,72514,386],{"class":83},[33,72516,80],{"class":79},[33,72518,55],{"class":47},[33,72520,91],{"class":79},[33,72522,4255],{"class":83},[33,72524,80],{"class":79},[33,72526,55],{"class":47},[33,72528,91],{"class":79},[33,72530,386],{"class":83},[33,72532,80],{"class":79},[33,72534,55],{"class":47},[33,72536,91],{"class":79},[33,72538,33376],{"class":83},[33,72540,80],{"class":79},[33,72542,66],{"class":47},[33,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72562,72564,72566,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72546,377],{"class":39},[33,72548,44],{"class":43},[33,72550,48],{"class":47},[33,72552,28691],{"class":39},[33,72554,6117],{"class":4046},[33,72556,6120],{"class":39},[33,72558,4053],{"class":4046},[33,72560,72561],{"class":39}," items ",[33,72563,7156],{"class":4046},[33,72565,6120],{"class":39},[33,72567,72568],{"class":43},"!=",[33,72570,91],{"class":79},[33,72572,386],{"class":83},[33,72574,80],{"class":79},[33,72576,66],{"class":47},[33,72578,72579,72581,72583,72585],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72580,157],{"class":156},[33,72582,133],{"class":47},[33,72584,414],{"class":162},[33,72586,143],{"class":47},[14,72588,207],{},[23,72590,72591],{"className":25,"code":72469,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,72592,72593],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72594,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72596,217],{"class":47},[33,72598,236],{"class":79},[33,72600,4255],{"class":83},[33,72602,236],{"class":79},[33,72604,55],{"class":47},[33,72606,245],{"class":79},[33,72608,33376],{"class":83},[33,72610,236],{"class":79},[33,72612,66],{"class":47},[18,72614,65606],{"id":65605},[14,72616,65609,72617,310],{},[30,72618,40857],{},[23,72620,72622],{"className":25,"code":72621,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[30,72623,72624,72656],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72625,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72627,377],{"class":39},[33,72629,44],{"class":43},[33,72631,48],{"class":47},[33,72633,80],{"class":79},[33,72635,386],{"class":83},[33,72637,80],{"class":79},[33,72639,55],{"class":47},[33,72641,91],{"class":79},[33,72643,4255],{"class":83},[33,72645,80],{"class":79},[33,72647,55],{"class":47},[33,72649,91],{"class":79},[33,72651,33376],{"class":83},[33,72653,80],{"class":79},[33,72655,66],{"class":47},[33,72657,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72659,414],{"class":39},[33,72661,310],{"class":47},[33,72663,34950],{"class":162},[33,72665,133],{"class":47},[33,72667,80],{"class":79},[33,72669,22687],{"class":83},[33,72671,80],{"class":79},[33,72673,143],{"class":47},[14,72675,207],{},[23,72677,72679],{"className":25,"code":72678,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[30,72680,72681],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72682,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72684,40857],{"class":129},[33,72686,3061],{"class":47},[33,72688,130],{"class":129},[33,72690,310],{"class":47},[33,72692,34950],{"class":162},[33,72694,133],{"class":47},[33,72696,2351],{"class":162},[33,72698,16604],{"class":47},[33,72700,4050],{"class":39},[33,72702,4796],{"class":43},[33,72704,21327],{"class":43},[33,72706,72707],{"class":129}," list\n",[14,72709,72710],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72712,72713],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[23,72715,72717],{"className":25,"code":72716,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,72718,72719,72751,72763,72767,72779,72794,72798],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72720,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72722,377],{"class":39},[33,72724,44],{"class":43},[33,72726,48],{"class":47},[33,72728,80],{"class":79},[33,72730,386],{"class":83},[33,72732,80],{"class":79},[33,72734,55],{"class":47},[33,72736,91],{"class":79},[33,72738,4255],{"class":83},[33,72740,80],{"class":79},[33,72742,55],{"class":47},[33,72744,91],{"class":79},[33,72746,33376],{"class":83},[33,72748,80],{"class":79},[33,72750,66],{"class":47},[33,72752,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72754,2622],{"class":39},[33,72756,44],{"class":43},[33,72758,91],{"class":79},[33,72760,22687],{"class":83},[33,72762,3532],{"class":79},[33,72764,72765],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72766,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,72770,7156],{"class":4046},[33,72772,21738],{"class":39},[33,72774,4053],{"class":43},[33,72776,6125],{"class":39},[33,72778,6553],{"class":47},[33,72780,72781,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,72782,72783],{"class":39},"    items",[33,72785,310],{"class":47},[33,72787,34950],{"class":162},[33,72789,133],{"class":47},[33,72791,2647],{"class":162},[33,72793,143],{"class":47},[33,72795,72796],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,72797,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,72799,72800,72802,72804,72806],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,72801,157],{"class":156},[33,72803,133],{"class":47},[33,72805,414],{"class":162},[33,72807,143],{"class":47},[14,72809,207],{},[23,72811,72813],{"className":25,"code":72812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[30,72814,72815],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72816,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72818,217],{"class":47},[33,72820,236],{"class":79},[33,72822,386],{"class":83},[33,72824,236],{"class":79},[33,72826,55],{"class":47},[33,72828,245],{"class":79},[33,72830,4255],{"class":83},[33,72832,236],{"class":79},[33,72834,55],{"class":47},[33,72836,245],{"class":79},[33,72838,33376],{"class":83},[33,72840,236],{"class":79},[33,72842,66],{"class":47},[14,72844,72845,72846,72848],{},"This avoids the error because ",[30,72847,55674],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72850,72851,72852,310],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[273,72853,65815],{"href":72854},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[18,72856,72858],{"id":72857},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72860,72861,2030,72863,72865],{},[30,72862,55674],{},[30,72864,12916],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[316,72867,72868,72875,72881,72887],{},[319,72869,72870,72872,72873],{},[30,72871,55674],{}," deletes by ",[205,72874,2647],{},[319,72876,72877,72872,72879],{},[30,72878,12916],{},[205,72880,36003],{},[319,72882,72883,2572,72885],{},[30,72884,55674],{},[30,72886,3950],{},[319,72888,72889,72891],{},[30,72890,12916],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72893,46194,72894,3061],{},[30,72895,55674],{},[23,72897,72899],{"className":25,"code":72898,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[30,72900,72901,72933,72951],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72902,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72904,377],{"class":39},[33,72906,44],{"class":43},[33,72908,48],{"class":47},[33,72910,80],{"class":79},[33,72912,386],{"class":83},[33,72914,80],{"class":79},[33,72916,55],{"class":47},[33,72918,91],{"class":79},[33,72920,4255],{"class":83},[33,72922,80],{"class":79},[33,72924,55],{"class":47},[33,72926,91],{"class":79},[33,72928,33376],{"class":83},[33,72930,80],{"class":79},[33,72932,66],{"class":47},[33,72934,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,72936,414],{"class":39},[33,72938,310],{"class":47},[33,72940,34950],{"class":162},[33,72942,133],{"class":47},[33,72944,80],{"class":79},[33,72946,4255],{"class":83},[33,72948,80],{"class":79},[33,72950,143],{"class":47},[33,72952,72953,72955,72957,72959],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,72954,157],{"class":156},[33,72956,133],{"class":47},[33,72958,414],{"class":162},[33,72960,143],{"class":47},[14,72962,207],{},[23,72964,72966],{"className":25,"code":72965,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[30,72967,72968],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72969,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,72971,217],{"class":47},[33,72973,236],{"class":79},[33,72975,386],{"class":83},[33,72977,236],{"class":79},[33,72979,55],{"class":47},[33,72981,245],{"class":79},[33,72983,33376],{"class":83},[33,72985,236],{"class":79},[33,72987,66],{"class":47},[14,72989,46194,72990,3061],{},[30,72991,12916],{},[23,72993,72995],{"className":25,"code":72994,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[30,72996,72997,73029,73048,73052,73062],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,72998,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73000,377],{"class":39},[33,73002,44],{"class":43},[33,73004,48],{"class":47},[33,73006,80],{"class":79},[33,73008,386],{"class":83},[33,73010,80],{"class":79},[33,73012,55],{"class":47},[33,73014,91],{"class":79},[33,73016,4255],{"class":83},[33,73018,80],{"class":79},[33,73020,55],{"class":47},[33,73022,91],{"class":79},[33,73024,33376],{"class":83},[33,73026,80],{"class":79},[33,73028,66],{"class":47},[33,73030,73031,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73032,73033],{"class":39},"removed_item ",[33,73035,44],{"class":43},[33,73037,6125],{"class":39},[33,73039,310],{"class":47},[33,73041,26393],{"class":162},[33,73043,133],{"class":47},[33,73045,52],{"class":51},[33,73047,143],{"class":47},[33,73049,73050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73051,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,73053,73054,73056,73058,73060],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,73055,157],{"class":156},[33,73057,133],{"class":47},[33,73059,414],{"class":162},[33,73061,143],{"class":47},[33,73063,73064,73066,73068,73071],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,73065,157],{"class":156},[33,73067,133],{"class":47},[33,73069,73070],{"class":162},"removed_item",[33,73072,143],{"class":47},[14,73074,207],{},[23,73076,73078],{"className":25,"code":73077,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[30,73079,73080,73100],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73081,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73083,217],{"class":47},[33,73085,236],{"class":79},[33,73087,386],{"class":83},[33,73089,236],{"class":79},[33,73091,55],{"class":47},[33,73093,245],{"class":79},[33,73095,33376],{"class":83},[33,73097,236],{"class":79},[33,73099,66],{"class":47},[33,73101,73102],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73103,70382],{"class":39},[14,73105,672,73106,73108],{},[30,73107,55674],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73110,672,73111,73113],{},[30,73112,12916],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73115,73116,73117,310],{},"For more detail, see the ",[273,73118,73119],{"href":55226},"Python list pop() method",[18,73121,73123],{"id":73122},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73125,73126,2030,73128,73130],{},[30,73127,55674],{},[30,73129,27177],{}," are also different.",[316,73132,73133,73138,73143,73148],{},[319,73134,73135,73137],{},[30,73136,55674],{}," deletes by matching value",[319,73139,73140,73142],{},[30,73141,27177],{}," deletes by index or slice",[319,73144,672,73145,73147],{},[30,73146,27177],{}," when you know the position",[319,73149,672,73150,73152],{},[30,73151,55674],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73154,46194,73155,3061],{},[30,73156,27177],{},[23,73158,73160],{"className":25,"code":73159,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[30,73161,73162,73194,73206],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73163,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73165,377],{"class":39},[33,73167,44],{"class":43},[33,73169,48],{"class":47},[33,73171,80],{"class":79},[33,73173,386],{"class":83},[33,73175,80],{"class":79},[33,73177,55],{"class":47},[33,73179,91],{"class":79},[33,73181,4255],{"class":83},[33,73183,80],{"class":79},[33,73185,55],{"class":47},[33,73187,91],{"class":79},[33,73189,33376],{"class":83},[33,73191,80],{"class":79},[33,73193,66],{"class":47},[33,73195,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73197,27177],{"class":4046},[33,73199,6125],{"class":39},[33,73201,217],{"class":47},[33,73203,52],{"class":51},[33,73205,66],{"class":47},[33,73207,73208,73210,73212,73214],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73209,157],{"class":156},[33,73211,133],{"class":47},[33,73213,414],{"class":162},[33,73215,143],{"class":47},[14,73217,207],{},[23,73219,73220],{"className":25,"code":72965,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,73221,73222],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73223,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73225,217],{"class":47},[33,73227,236],{"class":79},[33,73229,386],{"class":83},[33,73231,236],{"class":79},[33,73233,55],{"class":47},[33,73235,245],{"class":79},[33,73237,33376],{"class":83},[33,73239,236],{"class":79},[33,73241,66],{"class":47},[14,73243,73244,73245,73247,73248,73250],{},"This removed the item at index ",[30,73246,52],{},", not the value ",[30,73249,65250],{}," directly.",[14,73252,73253,73254,310],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[273,73255,55215],{"href":55214},[18,73257,3006],{"id":3005},[14,73259,21365,73260,3061],{},[30,73261,55674],{},[316,73263,73264,73267,73272,73279,73288],{},[319,73265,73266],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[319,73268,1487,73269,73271],{},[30,73270,55674],{}," to delete all matching values",[319,73273,12747,73274,73276,73277],{},[30,73275,55674],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[30,73278,3950],{},[319,73280,1357,73281,44783,73283,453,73285,73287],{},[30,73282,55674],{},[30,73284,12916],{},[30,73286,27177],{}," would be a better fit",[319,73289,73290],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73292,71482],{},[23,73294,73296],{"className":25,"code":73295,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[30,73297,73298,73308,73322,73340,73354],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73299,73300,73302,73304,73306],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73301,157],{"class":156},[33,73303,133],{"class":47},[33,73305,715],{"class":162},[33,73307,143],{"class":47},[33,73309,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73311,157],{"class":156},[33,73313,133],{"class":47},[33,73315,2622],{"class":162},[33,73317,4053],{"class":4046},[33,73319,8552],{"class":162},[33,73321,143],{"class":47},[33,73323,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73325,157],{"class":156},[33,73327,133],{"class":47},[33,73329,715],{"class":162},[33,73331,310],{"class":47},[33,73333,41413],{"class":162},[33,73335,133],{"class":47},[33,73337,2647],{"class":162},[33,73339,733],{"class":47},[33,73341,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,73343,157],{"class":156},[33,73345,133],{"class":47},[33,73347,1406],{"class":129},[33,73349,133],{"class":47},[33,73351,715],{"class":162},[33,73353,733],{"class":47},[33,73355,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,73357,32307],{"class":156},[33,73359,133],{"class":47},[33,73361,1879],{"class":129},[33,73363,310],{"class":47},[33,73365,34950],{"class":24904},[33,73367,143],{"class":47},[14,73369,73370],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[316,73372,73373,73376,73379,73382],{},[319,73374,73375],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[319,73377,73378],{},"How many times does it appear?",[319,73380,73381],{},"Am I working with a list?",[319,73383,73384],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73386,73387,73388,73390],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[273,73389,71646],{"href":59108}," may also help.",[18,73392,1961],{"id":1960},[664,73394,73396],{"id":73395},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73398,73399],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[664,73401,73403],{"id":73402},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73405,5312,73406,73408],{},[30,73407,3950],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[664,73410,73412],{"id":73411},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73414,73415,73416,73419,73420,310],{},"Check with ",[30,73417,73418],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[30,73421,55674],{},[664,73423,73425],{"id":73424},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73427,672,73428,73430,73431,73433],{},[30,73429,55674],{}," for a value and ",[30,73432,12916],{}," for an index.",[18,73435,2045],{"id":2044},[316,73437,73438,73442,73446,73450,73454],{},[319,73439,73440],{},[273,73441,55661],{"href":55214},[319,73443,73444],{},[273,73445,73119],{"href":55226},[319,73447,73448],{},[273,73449,71646],{"href":59108},[319,73451,73452],{},[273,73453,65815],{"href":72854},[319,73455,73456],{},[273,73457,73459],{"href":73458},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2097,73461,73462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":73464},[73465,73466,73467,73468,73469,73470,73471,73472,73473,73474,73480],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":71791,"depth":69,"text":71792},{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592},{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":72244,"depth":69,"text":72245},{"id":65605,"depth":69,"text":65606},{"id":72857,"depth":69,"text":72858},{"id":73122,"depth":69,"text":73123},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":73475},[73476,73477,73478,73479],{"id":73395,"depth":110,"text":73396},{"id":73402,"depth":110,"text":73403},{"id":73411,"depth":110,"text":73412},{"id":73424,"depth":110,"text":73425},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71694,"description":73481},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73488,"title":73489,"body":73490,"description":75381,"extension":2138,"meta":75382,"navigation":149,"path":75383,"seo":75384,"stem":75385,"__hash__":75386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73491,"toc":75351},[73492,73498,73504,73507,73518,73520,73569,73574,73579,73583,73598,73600,73665,73667,73708,73710,73712,73727,73729,73740,73742,73799,73801,73834,73836,73839,73888,73890,73915,73917,73933,73939,73946,74007,74009,74042,74047,74050,74130,74132,74193,74199,74203,74206,74270,74272,74297,74299,74319,74321,74370,74372,74393,74402,74405,74409,74414,74459,74461,74482,74488,74493,74501,74565,74567,74604,74610,74614,74621,74686,74688,74725,74729,74746,74756,74761,74766,74777,74784,74786,74792,74815,74818,74845,74850,74853,74954,74956,75011,75014,75121,75123,75194,75197,75223,75225,75230,75234,75242,75247,75252,75258,75263,75267,75270,75287,75290,75310,75318,75320,75348],[10,73493,54489,73495,2059],{"id":73494},"python-list-reverse-method",[30,73496,73497],{},"reverse()",[14,73499,73500,73503],{},[30,73501,73502],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73505,73506],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73508,73509,73510,73512,73513,73517],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[30,73511,73497],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[273,73514,73516],{"href":73515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[18,73519,21],{"id":20},[23,73521,73523],{"className":25,"code":73522,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[30,73524,73525,73545,73556],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73526,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541,73543],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73528,40],{"class":39},[33,73530,44],{"class":43},[33,73532,48],{"class":47},[33,73534,52],{"class":51},[33,73536,55],{"class":47},[33,73538,58],{"class":51},[33,73540,55],{"class":47},[33,73542,63],{"class":51},[33,73544,66],{"class":47},[33,73546,73547,73549,73551,73554],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73548,163],{"class":39},[33,73550,310],{"class":47},[33,73552,73553],{"class":162},"reverse",[33,73555,1671],{"class":47},[33,73557,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73559,157],{"class":156},[33,73561,133],{"class":47},[33,73563,163],{"class":162},[33,73565,3831],{"class":47},[33,73567,73568],{"class":1308},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73570,73571,73573],{},[30,73572,73497],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[18,73575,3848,73577,3851],{"id":73576},"what-listreverse-does",[30,73578,73502],{},[14,73580,73581,3061],{},[30,73582,73502],{},[316,73584,73585,73588,73591,73595],{},[319,73586,73587],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[319,73589,73590],{},"Changes the original list directly",[319,73592,11575,73593],{},[30,73594,3950],{},[319,73596,73597],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73599,367],{},[23,73601,73603],{"className":25,"code":73602,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[30,73604,73605,73645,73655],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73608,124],{"class":39},[33,73610,44],{"class":43},[33,73612,48],{"class":47},[33,73614,80],{"class":79},[33,73616,273],{"class":83},[33,73618,80],{"class":79},[33,73620,55],{"class":47},[33,73622,91],{"class":79},[33,73624,282],{"class":83},[33,73626,80],{"class":79},[33,73628,55],{"class":47},[33,73630,91],{"class":79},[33,73632,291],{"class":83},[33,73634,80],{"class":79},[33,73636,55],{"class":47},[33,73638,91],{"class":79},[33,73640,1634],{"class":83},[33,73642,80],{"class":79},[33,73644,66],{"class":47},[33,73646,73647,73649,73651,73653],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73648,199],{"class":39},[33,73650,310],{"class":47},[33,73652,73553],{"class":162},[33,73654,1671],{"class":47},[33,73656,73657,73659,73661,73663],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73658,157],{"class":156},[33,73660,133],{"class":47},[33,73662,199],{"class":162},[33,73664,143],{"class":47},[14,73666,207],{},[23,73668,73670],{"className":25,"code":73669,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[30,73671,73672],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73673,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73675,217],{"class":47},[33,73677,236],{"class":79},[33,73679,1634],{"class":83},[33,73681,236],{"class":79},[33,73683,55],{"class":47},[33,73685,245],{"class":79},[33,73687,291],{"class":83},[33,73689,236],{"class":79},[33,73691,55],{"class":47},[33,73693,245],{"class":79},[33,73695,282],{"class":83},[33,73697,236],{"class":79},[33,73699,55],{"class":47},[33,73701,245],{"class":79},[33,73703,273],{"class":83},[33,73705,236],{"class":79},[33,73707,66],{"class":47},[18,73709,2334],{"id":2333},[14,73711,2337],{},[23,73713,73715],{"className":25,"code":73714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.reverse()\n",[30,73716,73717],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73718,73719,73721,73723,73725],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73720,715],{"class":39},[33,73722,310],{"class":47},[33,73724,73553],{"class":162},[33,73726,1671],{"class":47},[14,73728,13205],{},[316,73730,73731,73734,73737],{},[319,73732,73733],{},"No arguments are needed",[319,73735,73736],{},"You call it on an existing list",[319,73738,73739],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73741,367],{},[23,73743,73745],{"className":25,"code":73744,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[30,73746,73747,73779,73789],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73748,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73750,13229],{"class":39},[33,73752,44],{"class":43},[33,73754,48],{"class":47},[33,73756,80],{"class":79},[33,73758,13246],{"class":83},[33,73760,80],{"class":79},[33,73762,55],{"class":47},[33,73764,91],{"class":79},[33,73766,17608],{"class":83},[33,73768,80],{"class":79},[33,73770,55],{"class":47},[33,73772,91],{"class":79},[33,73774,13263],{"class":83},[33,73776,80],{"class":79},[33,73778,66],{"class":47},[33,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73782,17655],{"class":39},[33,73784,310],{"class":47},[33,73786,73553],{"class":162},[33,73788,1671],{"class":47},[33,73790,73791,73793,73795,73797],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73792,157],{"class":156},[33,73794,133],{"class":47},[33,73796,17655],{"class":162},[33,73798,143],{"class":47},[14,73800,207],{},[23,73802,73804],{"className":25,"code":73803,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[30,73805,73806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73807,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73809,217],{"class":47},[33,73811,236],{"class":79},[33,73813,13263],{"class":83},[33,73815,236],{"class":79},[33,73817,55],{"class":47},[33,73819,245],{"class":79},[33,73821,17608],{"class":83},[33,73823,236],{"class":79},[33,73825,55],{"class":47},[33,73827,245],{"class":79},[33,73829,13246],{"class":83},[33,73831,236],{"class":79},[33,73833,66],{"class":47},[18,73835,11627],{"id":11626},[14,73837,73838],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[23,73840,73842],{"className":25,"code":73841,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,73843,73844,73868,73878],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73845,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73847,40],{"class":39},[33,73849,44],{"class":43},[33,73851,48],{"class":47},[33,73853,538],{"class":51},[33,73855,55],{"class":47},[33,73857,7949],{"class":51},[33,73859,55],{"class":47},[33,73861,7954],{"class":51},[33,73863,55],{"class":47},[33,73865,50997],{"class":51},[33,73867,66],{"class":47},[33,73869,73870,73872,73874,73876],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73871,163],{"class":39},[33,73873,310],{"class":47},[33,73875,73553],{"class":162},[33,73877,1671],{"class":47},[33,73879,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73881,157],{"class":156},[33,73883,133],{"class":47},[33,73885,163],{"class":162},[33,73887,143],{"class":47},[14,73889,207],{},[23,73891,73893],{"className":25,"code":73892,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[30,73894,73895],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909,73911,73913],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73898,217],{"class":47},[33,73900,56837],{"class":51},[33,73902,55],{"class":47},[33,73904,7954],{"class":51},[33,73906,55],{"class":47},[33,73908,7949],{"class":51},[33,73910,55],{"class":47},[33,73912,393],{"class":51},[33,73914,66],{"class":47},[14,73916,11836],{},[316,73918,73919,73925,73930],{},[319,73920,73921,73922],{},"The list starts as ",[30,73923,73924],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[319,73926,73927,73929],{},[30,73928,73497],{}," flips the order",[319,73931,73932],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[18,73934,73936,73938],{"id":73935},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[30,73937,73497],{}," changes the original list",[14,73940,73941,73942,73945],{},"This method is ",[205,73943,73944],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[23,73947,73949],{"className":25,"code":73948,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[30,73950,73951,73983,73993,73997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,73952,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,73954,36392],{"class":39},[33,73956,44],{"class":43},[33,73958,48],{"class":47},[33,73960,80],{"class":79},[33,73962,386],{"class":83},[33,73964,80],{"class":79},[33,73966,55],{"class":47},[33,73968,91],{"class":79},[33,73970,4255],{"class":83},[33,73972,80],{"class":79},[33,73974,55],{"class":47},[33,73976,91],{"class":79},[33,73978,4264],{"class":83},[33,73980,80],{"class":79},[33,73982,66],{"class":47},[33,73984,73985,73987,73989,73991],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,73986,36444],{"class":39},[33,73988,310],{"class":47},[33,73990,73553],{"class":162},[33,73992,1671],{"class":47},[33,73994,73995],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,73996,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74000,157],{"class":156},[33,74002,133],{"class":47},[33,74004,36444],{"class":162},[33,74006,143],{"class":47},[14,74008,207],{},[23,74010,74012],{"className":25,"code":74011,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[30,74013,74014],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74017,217],{"class":47},[33,74019,236],{"class":79},[33,74021,4264],{"class":83},[33,74023,236],{"class":79},[33,74025,55],{"class":47},[33,74027,245],{"class":79},[33,74029,4255],{"class":83},[33,74031,236],{"class":79},[33,74033,55],{"class":47},[33,74035,245],{"class":79},[33,74037,386],{"class":83},[33,74039,236],{"class":79},[33,74041,66],{"class":47},[14,74043,672,74044,74046],{},[30,74045,73497],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74048,74049],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[23,74051,74053],{"className":25,"code":74052,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[30,74054,74055,74087,74105,74109,74119],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74056,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74058,36392],{"class":39},[33,74060,44],{"class":43},[33,74062,48],{"class":47},[33,74064,80],{"class":79},[33,74066,386],{"class":83},[33,74068,80],{"class":79},[33,74070,55],{"class":47},[33,74072,91],{"class":79},[33,74074,4255],{"class":83},[33,74076,80],{"class":79},[33,74078,55],{"class":47},[33,74080,91],{"class":79},[33,74082,4264],{"class":83},[33,74084,80],{"class":79},[33,74086,66],{"class":47},[33,74088,74089,74092,74094,74096,74099,74101,74103],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74090,74091],{"class":39},"reversed_fruits ",[33,74093,44],{"class":43},[33,74095,53003],{"class":39},[33,74097,74098],{"class":47},"[::",[33,74100,2199],{"class":43},[33,74102,52],{"class":51},[33,74104,66],{"class":47},[33,74106,74107],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74108,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74110,74111,74113,74115,74117],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74112,157],{"class":156},[33,74114,133],{"class":47},[33,74116,36444],{"class":162},[33,74118,143],{"class":47},[33,74120,74121,74123,74125,74128],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,74122,157],{"class":156},[33,74124,133],{"class":47},[33,74126,74127],{"class":162},"reversed_fruits",[33,74129,143],{"class":47},[14,74131,207],{},[23,74133,74135],{"className":25,"code":74134,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[30,74136,74137,74165],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74138,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74140,217],{"class":47},[33,74142,236],{"class":79},[33,74144,386],{"class":83},[33,74146,236],{"class":79},[33,74148,55],{"class":47},[33,74150,245],{"class":79},[33,74152,4255],{"class":83},[33,74154,236],{"class":79},[33,74156,55],{"class":47},[33,74158,245],{"class":79},[33,74160,4264],{"class":83},[33,74162,236],{"class":79},[33,74164,66],{"class":47},[33,74166,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74168,217],{"class":47},[33,74170,236],{"class":79},[33,74172,4264],{"class":83},[33,74174,236],{"class":79},[33,74176,55],{"class":47},[33,74178,245],{"class":79},[33,74180,4255],{"class":83},[33,74182,236],{"class":79},[33,74184,55],{"class":47},[33,74186,245],{"class":79},[33,74188,386],{"class":83},[33,74190,236],{"class":79},[33,74192,66],{"class":47},[14,74194,74195,74196,310],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[273,74197,74198],{"href":73515},"Python list slicing explained",[18,74200,74202],{"id":74201},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74204,74205],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[23,74207,74209],{"className":25,"code":74208,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,74210,74211,74231,74245,74249,74260],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74212,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227,74229],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74214,40],{"class":39},[33,74216,44],{"class":43},[33,74218,48],{"class":47},[33,74220,52],{"class":51},[33,74222,55],{"class":47},[33,74224,58],{"class":51},[33,74226,55],{"class":47},[33,74228,63],{"class":51},[33,74230,66],{"class":47},[33,74232,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74234,56035],{"class":39},[33,74236,44],{"class":43},[33,74238,4430],{"class":39},[33,74240,310],{"class":47},[33,74242,73553],{"class":162},[33,74244,1671],{"class":47},[33,74246,74247],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74248,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74250,74251,74253,74255,74258],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74252,157],{"class":156},[33,74254,133],{"class":47},[33,74256,74257],{"class":162},"new_list",[33,74259,143],{"class":47},[33,74261,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,74263,157],{"class":156},[33,74265,133],{"class":47},[33,74267,163],{"class":162},[33,74269,143],{"class":47},[14,74271,207],{},[23,74273,74275],{"className":25,"code":74274,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[30,74276,74277,74281],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74278,74279],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74280,11961],{"class":398},[33,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74284,217],{"class":47},[33,74286,2240],{"class":51},[33,74288,55],{"class":47},[33,74290,58],{"class":51},[33,74292,55],{"class":47},[33,74294,1119],{"class":51},[33,74296,66],{"class":47},[14,74298,12053],{},[316,74300,74301,74309,74313],{},[319,74302,74303,74305,74306,74308],{},[30,74304,73497],{}," changes ",[30,74307,163],{}," directly",[319,74310,41059,74311,71815],{},[205,74312,4796],{},[319,74314,53802,74315,42308,74317],{},[30,74316,74257],{},[30,74318,3950],{},[14,74320,61873],{},[23,74322,74324],{"className":25,"code":74323,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,74325,74326,74346,74356,74360],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74327,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74329,40],{"class":39},[33,74331,44],{"class":43},[33,74333,48],{"class":47},[33,74335,52],{"class":51},[33,74337,55],{"class":47},[33,74339,58],{"class":51},[33,74341,55],{"class":47},[33,74343,63],{"class":51},[33,74345,66],{"class":47},[33,74347,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74349,163],{"class":39},[33,74351,310],{"class":47},[33,74353,73553],{"class":162},[33,74355,1671],{"class":47},[33,74357,74358],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74359,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74363,157],{"class":156},[33,74365,133],{"class":47},[33,74367,163],{"class":162},[33,74369,143],{"class":47},[14,74371,207],{},[23,74373,74375],{"className":25,"code":74374,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[30,74376,74377],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74378,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74380,217],{"class":47},[33,74382,2240],{"class":51},[33,74384,55],{"class":47},[33,74386,58],{"class":51},[33,74388,55],{"class":47},[33,74390,1119],{"class":51},[33,74392,66],{"class":47},[18,74394,74396,10739,74398,74401],{"id":74395},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[30,74397,73497],{},[30,74399,74400],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74403,74404],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[664,74406,74407],{"id":73553},[30,74408,73497],{},[14,74410,74411,74413],{},[30,74412,73497],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[23,74415,74417],{"className":25,"code":74416,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,74418,74419,74439,74449],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74420,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74422,40],{"class":39},[33,74424,44],{"class":43},[33,74426,48],{"class":47},[33,74428,2240],{"class":51},[33,74430,55],{"class":47},[33,74432,1119],{"class":51},[33,74434,55],{"class":47},[33,74436,58],{"class":51},[33,74438,66],{"class":47},[33,74440,74441,74443,74445,74447],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74442,163],{"class":39},[33,74444,310],{"class":47},[33,74446,73553],{"class":162},[33,74448,1671],{"class":47},[33,74450,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74452,157],{"class":156},[33,74454,133],{"class":47},[33,74456,163],{"class":162},[33,74458,143],{"class":47},[14,74460,207],{},[23,74462,74464],{"className":25,"code":74463,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[30,74465,74466],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74467,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478,74480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74469,217],{"class":47},[33,74471,2234],{"class":51},[33,74473,55],{"class":47},[33,74475,1119],{"class":51},[33,74477,55],{"class":47},[33,74479,63],{"class":51},[33,74481,66],{"class":47},[14,74483,74484,74485,74487],{},"Notice that this is ",[205,74486,4796],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[664,74489,74491],{"id":74490},"sorted",[30,74492,74400],{},[14,74494,74495,74500],{},[273,74496,74498],{"href":74497},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[30,74499,74400],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[23,74502,74504],{"className":25,"code":74503,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[30,74505,74506,74526,74541,74545,74555],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74509,40],{"class":39},[33,74511,44],{"class":43},[33,74513,48],{"class":47},[33,74515,2240],{"class":51},[33,74517,55],{"class":47},[33,74519,1119],{"class":51},[33,74521,55],{"class":47},[33,74523,58],{"class":51},[33,74525,66],{"class":47},[33,74527,74528,74530,74532,74535,74537,74539],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74529,1506],{"class":39},[33,74531,44],{"class":43},[33,74533,74534],{"class":156}," sorted",[33,74536,133],{"class":47},[33,74538,163],{"class":162},[33,74540,143],{"class":47},[33,74542,74543],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74544,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74548,157],{"class":156},[33,74550,133],{"class":47},[33,74552,163],{"class":162},[33,74554,143],{"class":47},[33,74556,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,74558,157],{"class":156},[33,74560,133],{"class":47},[33,74562,1530],{"class":162},[33,74564,143],{"class":47},[14,74566,207],{},[23,74568,74570],{"className":25,"code":74569,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[30,74571,74572,74588],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74573,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74575,217],{"class":47},[33,74577,2240],{"class":51},[33,74579,55],{"class":47},[33,74581,1119],{"class":51},[33,74583,55],{"class":47},[33,74585,58],{"class":51},[33,74587,66],{"class":47},[33,74589,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74591,217],{"class":47},[33,74593,52],{"class":51},[33,74595,55],{"class":47},[33,74597,58],{"class":51},[33,74599,55],{"class":47},[33,74601,63],{"class":51},[33,74603,66],{"class":47},[14,74605,74606,74607,310],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[30,74608,74609],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[664,74611,74613],{"id":74612},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74615,74616,74617,74620],{},"Slicing with ",[30,74618,74619],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[23,74622,74624],{"className":25,"code":74623,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[30,74625,74626,74646,74662,74666,74676],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74627,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74629,40],{"class":39},[33,74631,44],{"class":43},[33,74633,48],{"class":47},[33,74635,2240],{"class":51},[33,74637,55],{"class":47},[33,74639,1119],{"class":51},[33,74641,55],{"class":47},[33,74643,58],{"class":51},[33,74645,66],{"class":47},[33,74647,74648,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74649,1506],{"class":39},[33,74651,44],{"class":43},[33,74653,4430],{"class":39},[33,74655,74098],{"class":47},[33,74657,2199],{"class":43},[33,74659,52],{"class":51},[33,74661,66],{"class":47},[33,74663,74664],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74665,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74667,74668,74670,74672,74674],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74669,157],{"class":156},[33,74671,133],{"class":47},[33,74673,163],{"class":162},[33,74675,143],{"class":47},[33,74677,74678,74680,74682,74684],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,74679,157],{"class":156},[33,74681,133],{"class":47},[33,74683,1530],{"class":162},[33,74685,143],{"class":47},[14,74687,207],{},[23,74689,74691],{"className":25,"code":74690,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[30,74692,74693,74709],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74694,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74696,217],{"class":47},[33,74698,2240],{"class":51},[33,74700,55],{"class":47},[33,74702,1119],{"class":51},[33,74704,55],{"class":47},[33,74706,58],{"class":51},[33,74708,66],{"class":47},[33,74710,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719,74721,74723],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74712,217],{"class":47},[33,74714,2234],{"class":51},[33,74716,55],{"class":47},[33,74718,1119],{"class":51},[33,74720,55],{"class":47},[33,74722,63],{"class":51},[33,74724,66],{"class":47},[664,74726,74728],{"id":74727},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[316,74730,74731,74736,74741],{},[319,74732,672,74733,74735],{},[30,74734,73497],{}," when you want to change the original list",[319,74737,672,74738,74740],{},[30,74739,74619],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[319,74742,672,74743,74745],{},[30,74744,74400],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74747,74748,74749,74755],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[273,74750,74752,74753,887],{"href":74751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[30,74754,64287],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[18,74757,5127,74759],{"id":74758},"when-to-use-reverse",[30,74760,73497],{},[14,74762,74763,74765],{},[30,74764,73497],{}," is a good choice:",[316,74767,74768,74771,74774],{},[319,74769,74770],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[319,74772,74773],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[319,74775,74776],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74778,74779,74780,310],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[273,74781,74783],{"href":74782},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[18,74785,3006],{"id":3005},[14,74787,74788,74789,74791],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[30,74790,73497],{}," for these reasons:",[316,74793,74794,74798,74803,74808],{},[319,74795,12747,74796,12750],{},[30,74797,73497],{},[319,74799,1487,74800,74802],{},[30,74801,73497],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[319,74804,1357,74805,74807],{},[30,74806,73497],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[319,74809,37358,74810,8860,74812],{},[30,74811,73497],{},[30,74813,74814],{},"reversed()",[14,74816,74817],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[23,74819,74821],{"className":25,"code":74820,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[30,74822,74823,74835],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74824,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74826,34843],{"class":39},[33,74828,44],{"class":43},[33,74830,91],{"class":79},[33,74832,545],{"class":83},[33,74834,3532],{"class":79},[33,74836,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74838,34864],{"class":39},[33,74840,310],{"class":47},[33,74842,73553],{"class":162},[33,74844,1671],{"class":47},[14,74846,74847,74848,33756],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[30,74849,73497],{},[14,74851,74852],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[23,74854,74856],{"className":25,"code":74855,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[30,74857,74858,74878,74882,74892,74906,74910,74924,74934,74938],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74859,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74861,698],{"class":39},[33,74863,44],{"class":43},[33,74865,48],{"class":47},[33,74867,52],{"class":51},[33,74869,55],{"class":47},[33,74871,58],{"class":51},[33,74873,55],{"class":47},[33,74875,63],{"class":51},[33,74877,66],{"class":47},[33,74879,74880],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74881,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74883,74884,74886,74888,74890],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74885,157],{"class":156},[33,74887,133],{"class":47},[33,74889,715],{"class":162},[33,74891,143],{"class":47},[33,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74895,157],{"class":156},[33,74897,133],{"class":47},[33,74899,1406],{"class":129},[33,74901,133],{"class":47},[33,74903,715],{"class":162},[33,74905,733],{"class":47},[33,74907,74908],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,74909,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74911,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,74913,1506],{"class":39},[33,74915,44],{"class":43},[33,74917,8552],{"class":39},[33,74919,310],{"class":47},[33,74921,73553],{"class":162},[33,74923,1671],{"class":47},[33,74925,74926,74928,74930,74932],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,74927,157],{"class":156},[33,74929,133],{"class":47},[33,74931,1530],{"class":162},[33,74933,143],{"class":47},[33,74935,74936],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,74937,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,74939,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,74941,157],{"class":156},[33,74943,133],{"class":47},[33,74945,715],{"class":162},[33,74947,74098],{"class":47},[33,74949,2199],{"class":43},[33,74951,52],{"class":51},[33,74953,4059],{"class":47},[14,74955,207],{},[23,74957,74959],{"className":25,"code":74958,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[30,74960,74961,74977,74991,74995],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,74962,74963,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,74964,217],{"class":47},[33,74966,52],{"class":51},[33,74968,55],{"class":47},[33,74970,58],{"class":51},[33,74972,55],{"class":47},[33,74974,63],{"class":51},[33,74976,66],{"class":47},[33,74978,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,74980,1427],{"class":43},[33,74982,1431],{"class":1430},[33,74984,245],{"class":79},[33,74986,1879],{"class":83},[33,74988,236],{"class":79},[33,74990,1441],{"class":43},[33,74992,74993],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,74994,11961],{"class":398},[33,74996,74997,74999,75001,75003,75005,75007,75009],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,74998,217],{"class":47},[33,75000,52],{"class":51},[33,75002,55],{"class":47},[33,75004,58],{"class":51},[33,75006,55],{"class":47},[33,75008,1119],{"class":51},[33,75010,66],{"class":47},[14,75012,75013],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[23,75015,75017],{"className":25,"code":75016,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[30,75018,75019,75039,75043,75053,75067,75071,75085,75095,75105],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75020,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75022,698],{"class":39},[33,75024,44],{"class":43},[33,75026,48],{"class":47},[33,75028,52],{"class":51},[33,75030,55],{"class":47},[33,75032,58],{"class":51},[33,75034,55],{"class":47},[33,75036,63],{"class":51},[33,75038,66],{"class":47},[33,75040,75041],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75042,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,75044,75045,75047,75049,75051],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75046,157],{"class":156},[33,75048,133],{"class":47},[33,75050,715],{"class":162},[33,75052,143],{"class":47},[33,75054,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75056,157],{"class":156},[33,75058,133],{"class":47},[33,75060,1406],{"class":129},[33,75062,133],{"class":47},[33,75064,715],{"class":162},[33,75066,733],{"class":47},[33,75068,75069],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,75070,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,75072,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,75074,1506],{"class":39},[33,75076,44],{"class":43},[33,75078,8552],{"class":39},[33,75080,310],{"class":47},[33,75082,73553],{"class":162},[33,75084,1671],{"class":47},[33,75086,75087,75089,75091,75093],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,75088,157],{"class":156},[33,75090,133],{"class":47},[33,75092,1530],{"class":162},[33,75094,143],{"class":47},[33,75096,75097,75099,75101,75103],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,75098,157],{"class":156},[33,75100,133],{"class":47},[33,75102,715],{"class":162},[33,75104,143],{"class":47},[33,75106,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115,75117,75119],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,75108,157],{"class":156},[33,75110,133],{"class":47},[33,75112,715],{"class":162},[33,75114,74098],{"class":47},[33,75116,2199],{"class":43},[33,75118,52],{"class":51},[33,75120,4059],{"class":47},[14,75122,207],{},[23,75124,75126],{"className":25,"code":75125,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[30,75127,75128,75144,75158,75162,75178],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75129,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75131,217],{"class":47},[33,75133,52],{"class":51},[33,75135,55],{"class":47},[33,75137,58],{"class":51},[33,75139,55],{"class":47},[33,75141,63],{"class":51},[33,75143,66],{"class":47},[33,75145,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75147,1427],{"class":43},[33,75149,1431],{"class":1430},[33,75151,245],{"class":79},[33,75153,1879],{"class":83},[33,75155,236],{"class":79},[33,75157,1441],{"class":43},[33,75159,75160],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75161,11961],{"class":398},[33,75163,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75165,217],{"class":47},[33,75167,2240],{"class":51},[33,75169,55],{"class":47},[33,75171,58],{"class":51},[33,75173,55],{"class":47},[33,75175,1119],{"class":51},[33,75177,66],{"class":47},[33,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,75181,217],{"class":47},[33,75183,52],{"class":51},[33,75185,55],{"class":47},[33,75187,58],{"class":51},[33,75189,55],{"class":47},[33,75191,63],{"class":51},[33,75193,66],{"class":47},[14,75195,75196],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[316,75198,75199,75208,75217],{},[319,75200,27948,75201,75204,75205],{},[30,75202,75203],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[30,75206,75207],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[319,75209,12069,75210,75213,75214,130],{},[30,75211,75212],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[205,75215,75216],{},"current",[319,75218,75219,75220],{},"So it prints ",[30,75221,75222],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[18,75224,1961],{"id":1960},[664,75226,12857,75228,55615],{"id":75227},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[30,75229,73502],{},[14,75231,62578,75232,310],{},[30,75233,3950],{},[664,75235,34361,75237,34364,75239,2033],{"id":75236},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[30,75238,73497],{},[30,75240,75241],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75243,75244,75246],{},[30,75245,73497],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75248,75249,75251],{},[30,75250,75241],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[664,75253,28481,75255,75257],{"id":75254},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[30,75256,73497],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75259,46519,75260,75262],{},[30,75261,73497],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[664,75264,75266],{"id":75265},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75268,75269],{},"Use slicing:",[23,75271,75273],{"className":25,"code":75272,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list[::-1]\n",[30,75274,75275],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75278,715],{"class":39},[33,75280,74098],{"class":47},[33,75282,2199],{"class":43},[33,75284,52],{"class":51},[33,75286,66],{"class":47},[14,75288,75289],{},"Or use:",[23,75291,75293],{"className":25,"code":75292,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[30,75294,75295],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75296,75297,75299,75301,75304,75306,75308],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75298,1879],{"class":129},[33,75300,133],{"class":47},[33,75302,75303],{"class":156},"reversed",[33,75305,133],{"class":47},[33,75307,715],{"class":162},[33,75309,733],{"class":47},[14,75311,75312,75313,75317],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[273,75314,2056,75315],{"href":55107},[30,75316,12930],{}," can also help.",[18,75319,2045],{"id":2044},[316,75321,75322,75328,75334,75338,75342],{},[319,75323,75324],{},[273,75325,2056,75326,887],{"href":74751},[30,75327,64287],{},[319,75329,75330],{},[273,75331,2076,75332,3683],{"href":74497},[30,75333,74400],{},[319,75335,75336],{},[273,75337,74783],{"href":74782},[319,75339,75340],{},[273,75341,74198],{"href":73515},[319,75343,75344],{},[273,75345,2056,75346,887],{"href":55107},[30,75347,12930],{},[2097,75349,75350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":75352},[75353,75354,75356,75357,75358,75360,75361,75368,75370,75371,75380],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":73576,"depth":69,"text":75355},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":73935,"depth":69,"text":75359},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74201,"depth":69,"text":74202},{"id":74395,"depth":69,"text":75362,"children":75363},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75364,75365,75366,75367],{"id":73553,"depth":110,"text":73497},{"id":74490,"depth":110,"text":74400},{"id":74612,"depth":110,"text":74613},{"id":74727,"depth":110,"text":74728},{"id":74758,"depth":69,"text":75369},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":75372},[75373,75375,75377,75379],{"id":75227,"depth":110,"text":75374},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75236,"depth":110,"text":75376},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75254,"depth":110,"text":75378},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75265,"depth":110,"text":75266},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73489,"description":75381},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75388,"title":75389,"body":75390,"description":77823,"extension":2138,"meta":77824,"navigation":149,"path":77825,"seo":77826,"stem":77827,"__hash__":77828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75391,"toc":77791},[75392,75395,75407,75410,75433,75441,75443,75555,75564,75568,75571,75574,75661,75663,75696,75698,75721,75727,75731,75734,75756,75758,75775,75778,75798,75800,75910,75912,75989,75993,75996,76039,76041,76174,76176,76278,76283,76287,76290,76292,76306,76309,76423,76425,76499,76501,76529,76533,76538,76568,76571,76697,76699,76781,76787,76791,76793,76832,76841,76845,76848,76852,76899,76901,76909,76913,76964,76966,76979,76981,76995,76998,77006,77008,77055,77057,77065,77068,77111,77116,77119,77122,77145,77149,77200,77203,77224,77234,77238,77240,77270,77273,77296,77300,77303,77370,77372,77409,77412,77420,77487,77489,77526,77532,77539,77543,77546,77576,77581,77585,77588,77612,77615,77709,77719,77721,77725,77728,77732,77735,77740,77743,77749,77752,77754,77782,77788],[10,75393,75389],{"id":75394},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75396,75397,75398,1931,75400,1938,75403,75406],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[30,75399,36228],{},[30,75401,75402],{},"stop",[30,75404,75405],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75408,75409],{},"The basic slice form is:",[23,75411,75413],{"className":25,"code":75412,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[30,75414,75415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75416,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75418,715],{"class":39},[33,75420,217],{"class":47},[33,75422,36228],{"class":39},[33,75424,3061],{"class":47},[33,75426,75402],{"class":39},[33,75428,3061],{"class":47},[33,75430,75405],{"class":39},[33,75432,66],{"class":47},[14,75434,75435,75436,75438,75439,310],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[30,75437,75402],{}," position is ",[205,75440,65045],{},[18,75442,2180],{"id":2179},[23,75444,75446],{"className":25,"code":75445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[30,75447,75448,75476,75480,75501,75519,75536],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75449,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75451,40],{"class":39},[33,75453,44],{"class":43},[33,75455,48],{"class":47},[33,75457,538],{"class":51},[33,75459,55],{"class":47},[33,75461,7949],{"class":51},[33,75463,55],{"class":47},[33,75465,7954],{"class":51},[33,75467,55],{"class":47},[33,75469,50997],{"class":51},[33,75471,55],{"class":47},[33,75473,5245],{"class":51},[33,75475,66],{"class":47},[33,75477,75478],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75479,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,75481,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75483,157],{"class":156},[33,75485,133],{"class":47},[33,75487,163],{"class":162},[33,75489,217],{"class":47},[33,75491,52],{"class":51},[33,75493,3061],{"class":47},[33,75495,2679],{"class":51},[33,75497,20599],{"class":47},[33,75499,75500],{"class":1308},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[33,75502,75503,75505,75507,75509,75512,75514,75516],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75504,157],{"class":156},[33,75506,133],{"class":47},[33,75508,163],{"class":162},[33,75510,75511],{"class":47},"[:",[33,75513,2240],{"class":51},[33,75515,20599],{"class":47},[33,75517,75518],{"class":1308},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[33,75520,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,75522,157],{"class":156},[33,75524,133],{"class":47},[33,75526,163],{"class":162},[33,75528,74098],{"class":47},[33,75530,2234],{"class":51},[33,75532,20599],{"class":47},[33,75534,75535],{"class":1308},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[33,75537,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,75539,157],{"class":156},[33,75541,133],{"class":47},[33,75543,163],{"class":162},[33,75545,74098],{"class":47},[33,75547,2199],{"class":43},[33,75549,52],{"class":51},[33,75551,20599],{"class":47},[33,75553,75554],{"class":1308},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75556,672,75557,75560,75561,75563],{},[30,75558,75559],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[30,75562,75402],{}," value is not included.",[18,75565,75567],{"id":75566},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75569,75570],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75572,75573],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[23,75575,75577],{"className":25,"code":75576,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[30,75578,75579,75627,75631,75650],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75580,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75582,124],{"class":39},[33,75584,44],{"class":43},[33,75586,48],{"class":47},[33,75588,80],{"class":79},[33,75590,273],{"class":83},[33,75592,80],{"class":79},[33,75594,55],{"class":47},[33,75596,91],{"class":79},[33,75598,282],{"class":83},[33,75600,80],{"class":79},[33,75602,55],{"class":47},[33,75604,91],{"class":79},[33,75606,291],{"class":83},[33,75608,80],{"class":79},[33,75610,55],{"class":47},[33,75612,91],{"class":79},[33,75614,1634],{"class":83},[33,75616,80],{"class":79},[33,75618,55],{"class":47},[33,75620,91],{"class":79},[33,75622,1559],{"class":83},[33,75624,80],{"class":79},[33,75626,66],{"class":47},[33,75628,75629],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75630,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,75632,75633,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75634,75635],{"class":39},"part ",[33,75637,44],{"class":43},[33,75639,70072],{"class":39},[33,75641,217],{"class":47},[33,75643,52],{"class":51},[33,75645,3061],{"class":47},[33,75647,2679],{"class":51},[33,75649,66],{"class":47},[33,75651,75652,75654,75656,75659],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75653,157],{"class":156},[33,75655,133],{"class":47},[33,75657,75658],{"class":162},"part",[33,75660,143],{"class":47},[14,75662,207],{},[23,75664,75666],{"className":25,"code":75665,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[30,75667,75668],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75669,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75671,217],{"class":47},[33,75673,236],{"class":79},[33,75675,282],{"class":83},[33,75677,236],{"class":79},[33,75679,55],{"class":47},[33,75681,245],{"class":79},[33,75683,291],{"class":83},[33,75685,236],{"class":79},[33,75687,55],{"class":47},[33,75689,245],{"class":79},[33,75691,1634],{"class":83},[33,75693,236],{"class":79},[33,75695,66],{"class":47},[14,75697,13205],{},[316,75699,75700,75703,75706,75712,75718],{},[319,75701,75702],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[319,75704,75705],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[319,75707,75708,75709],{},"Basic form: ",[30,75710,75711],{},"list[start:stop]",[319,75713,75714,75715,75717],{},"The item at ",[30,75716,75402],{}," is not included",[319,75719,75720],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75722,75723,75724,310],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[273,75725,75726],{"href":451},"beginner guide to Python lists",[18,75728,75730],{"id":75729},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75732,75733],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[23,75735,75736],{"className":25,"code":75412,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,75737,75738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75739,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75741,715],{"class":39},[33,75743,217],{"class":47},[33,75745,36228],{"class":39},[33,75747,3061],{"class":47},[33,75749,75402],{"class":39},[33,75751,3061],{"class":47},[33,75753,75405],{"class":39},[33,75755,66],{"class":47},[14,75757,65021],{},[316,75759,75760,75765,75770],{},[319,75761,75762,75764],{},[30,75763,36228],{}," is where slicing begins",[319,75766,75767,75769],{},[30,75768,75402],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[319,75771,75772,75774],{},[30,75773,75405],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75776,75777],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[316,75779,75780,75786,75791],{},[319,75781,75782,75783,75785],{},"Missing ",[30,75784,36228],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[319,75787,75782,75788,75790],{},[30,75789,75402],{}," means go to the end of the list",[319,75792,75782,75793,75795,75796],{},[30,75794,75405],{}," means use ",[30,75797,52],{},[14,75799,367],{},[23,75801,75803],{"className":25,"code":75802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[30,75804,75805,75833,75837,75858,75875,75893],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75806,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75808,40],{"class":39},[33,75810,44],{"class":43},[33,75812,48],{"class":47},[33,75814,538],{"class":51},[33,75816,55],{"class":47},[33,75818,7949],{"class":51},[33,75820,55],{"class":47},[33,75822,7954],{"class":51},[33,75824,55],{"class":47},[33,75826,50997],{"class":51},[33,75828,55],{"class":47},[33,75830,5245],{"class":51},[33,75832,66],{"class":47},[33,75834,75835],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75836,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,75838,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75840,157],{"class":156},[33,75842,133],{"class":47},[33,75844,163],{"class":162},[33,75846,217],{"class":47},[33,75848,52],{"class":51},[33,75850,3061],{"class":47},[33,75852,2679],{"class":51},[33,75854,20599],{"class":47},[33,75856,75857],{"class":1308},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[33,75859,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75861,157],{"class":156},[33,75863,133],{"class":47},[33,75865,163],{"class":162},[33,75867,75511],{"class":47},[33,75869,2240],{"class":51},[33,75871,20599],{"class":47},[33,75873,75874],{"class":1308},"    # start from the beginning\n",[33,75876,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75890],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,75878,157],{"class":156},[33,75880,133],{"class":47},[33,75882,163],{"class":162},[33,75884,217],{"class":47},[33,75886,2234],{"class":51},[33,75888,75889],{"class":47},":])",[33,75891,75892],{"class":1308},"    # go to the end\n",[33,75894,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,75896,157],{"class":156},[33,75898,133],{"class":47},[33,75900,163],{"class":162},[33,75902,74098],{"class":47},[33,75904,52],{"class":51},[33,75906,20599],{"class":47},[33,75908,75909],{"class":1308},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75911,207],{},[23,75913,75915],{"className":25,"code":75914,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[30,75916,75917,75933,75949,75965],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,75918,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,75920,217],{"class":47},[33,75922,15906],{"class":51},[33,75924,55],{"class":47},[33,75926,7954],{"class":51},[33,75928,55],{"class":47},[33,75930,50997],{"class":51},[33,75932,66],{"class":47},[33,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,75936,217],{"class":47},[33,75938,538],{"class":51},[33,75940,55],{"class":47},[33,75942,7949],{"class":51},[33,75944,55],{"class":47},[33,75946,7954],{"class":51},[33,75948,66],{"class":47},[33,75950,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,75952,217],{"class":47},[33,75954,36995],{"class":51},[33,75956,55],{"class":47},[33,75958,50997],{"class":51},[33,75960,55],{"class":47},[33,75962,5245],{"class":51},[33,75964,66],{"class":47},[33,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,75968,217],{"class":47},[33,75970,538],{"class":51},[33,75972,55],{"class":47},[33,75974,7949],{"class":51},[33,75976,55],{"class":47},[33,75978,7954],{"class":51},[33,75980,55],{"class":47},[33,75982,50997],{"class":51},[33,75984,55],{"class":47},[33,75986,5245],{"class":51},[33,75988,66],{"class":47},[18,75990,75992],{"id":75991},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75994,75995],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[316,75997,75998,76007,76016,76027,76033],{},[319,75999,76000,76003,76004,6125],{},[30,76001,76002],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[30,76005,76006],{},"n",[319,76008,76009,76012,76013,76015],{},[30,76010,76011],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[30,76014,76006],{}," to the end",[319,76017,76018,76021,76022,76024,76025],{},[30,76019,76020],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[30,76023,273],{}," up to ",[30,76026,282],{},[319,76028,76029,76032],{},[30,76030,76031],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[319,76034,76035,76038],{},[30,76036,76037],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76040,367],{},[23,76042,76044],{"className":25,"code":76043,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[30,76045,76046,76079,76083,76100,76117,76138,76155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76047,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76077],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76049,40],{"class":39},[33,76051,44],{"class":43},[33,76053,48],{"class":47},[33,76055,538],{"class":51},[33,76057,55],{"class":47},[33,76059,7949],{"class":51},[33,76061,55],{"class":47},[33,76063,7954],{"class":51},[33,76065,55],{"class":47},[33,76067,50997],{"class":51},[33,76069,55],{"class":47},[33,76071,5245],{"class":51},[33,76073,55],{"class":47},[33,76075,76076],{"class":51}," 60",[33,76078,66],{"class":47},[33,76080,76081],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76082,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,76084,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76086,157],{"class":156},[33,76088,133],{"class":47},[33,76090,163],{"class":162},[33,76092,75511],{"class":47},[33,76094,2240],{"class":51},[33,76096,20599],{"class":47},[33,76098,76099],{"class":1308},"    # first 3 items\n",[33,76101,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,76103,157],{"class":156},[33,76105,133],{"class":47},[33,76107,163],{"class":162},[33,76109,217],{"class":47},[33,76111,2240],{"class":51},[33,76113,75889],{"class":47},[33,76115,76116],{"class":1308},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[33,76118,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,76120,157],{"class":156},[33,76122,133],{"class":47},[33,76124,163],{"class":162},[33,76126,217],{"class":47},[33,76128,52],{"class":51},[33,76130,3061],{"class":47},[33,76132,1085],{"class":51},[33,76134,20599],{"class":47},[33,76136,76137],{"class":1308},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[33,76139,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,76141,157],{"class":156},[33,76143,133],{"class":47},[33,76145,163],{"class":162},[33,76147,74098],{"class":47},[33,76149,2234],{"class":51},[33,76151,20599],{"class":47},[33,76153,76154],{"class":1308},"   # every second item\n",[33,76156,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,76158,157],{"class":156},[33,76160,133],{"class":47},[33,76162,163],{"class":162},[33,76164,74098],{"class":47},[33,76166,2199],{"class":43},[33,76168,52],{"class":51},[33,76170,20599],{"class":47},[33,76172,76173],{"class":1308},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76175,207],{},[23,76177,76179],{"className":25,"code":76178,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[30,76180,76181,76197,76213,76233,76249],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76182,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76184,217],{"class":47},[33,76186,538],{"class":51},[33,76188,55],{"class":47},[33,76190,7949],{"class":51},[33,76192,55],{"class":47},[33,76194,7954],{"class":51},[33,76196,66],{"class":47},[33,76198,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76200,217],{"class":47},[33,76202,56837],{"class":51},[33,76204,55],{"class":47},[33,76206,5245],{"class":51},[33,76208,55],{"class":47},[33,76210,76076],{"class":51},[33,76212,66],{"class":47},[33,76214,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76216,217],{"class":47},[33,76218,15906],{"class":51},[33,76220,55],{"class":47},[33,76222,7954],{"class":51},[33,76224,55],{"class":47},[33,76226,50997],{"class":51},[33,76228,55],{"class":47},[33,76230,5245],{"class":51},[33,76232,66],{"class":47},[33,76234,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,76236,217],{"class":47},[33,76238,538],{"class":51},[33,76240,55],{"class":47},[33,76242,7954],{"class":51},[33,76244,55],{"class":47},[33,76246,5245],{"class":51},[33,76248,66],{"class":47},[33,76250,76251,76253,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,76252,217],{"class":47},[33,76254,76255],{"class":51},"60",[33,76257,55],{"class":47},[33,76259,5245],{"class":51},[33,76261,55],{"class":47},[33,76263,50997],{"class":51},[33,76265,55],{"class":47},[33,76267,7954],{"class":51},[33,76269,55],{"class":47},[33,76271,7949],{"class":51},[33,76273,55],{"class":47},[33,76275,393],{"class":51},[33,76277,66],{"class":47},[14,76279,76280,76281,310],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[273,76282,15042],{"href":57363},[18,76284,76286],{"id":76285},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76288,76289],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76291,5632],{},[316,76293,76294,76300],{},[319,76295,76296,76299],{},[30,76297,76298],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[319,76301,76302,76305],{},[30,76303,76304],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76307,76308],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[23,76310,76312],{"className":25,"code":76311,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[30,76313,76314,76362,76366,76385,76404],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76315,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76317,124],{"class":39},[33,76319,44],{"class":43},[33,76321,48],{"class":47},[33,76323,80],{"class":79},[33,76325,273],{"class":83},[33,76327,80],{"class":79},[33,76329,55],{"class":47},[33,76331,91],{"class":79},[33,76333,282],{"class":83},[33,76335,80],{"class":79},[33,76337,55],{"class":47},[33,76339,91],{"class":79},[33,76341,291],{"class":83},[33,76343,80],{"class":79},[33,76345,55],{"class":47},[33,76347,91],{"class":79},[33,76349,1634],{"class":83},[33,76351,80],{"class":79},[33,76353,55],{"class":47},[33,76355,91],{"class":79},[33,76357,1559],{"class":83},[33,76359,80],{"class":79},[33,76361,66],{"class":47},[33,76363,76364],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76365,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76369,157],{"class":156},[33,76371,133],{"class":47},[33,76373,199],{"class":162},[33,76375,217],{"class":47},[33,76377,2199],{"class":43},[33,76379,52],{"class":51},[33,76381,20599],{"class":47},[33,76383,76384],{"class":1308},"    # last item\n",[33,76386,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,76388,157],{"class":156},[33,76390,133],{"class":47},[33,76392,199],{"class":162},[33,76394,217],{"class":47},[33,76396,2199],{"class":43},[33,76398,2240],{"class":51},[33,76400,75889],{"class":47},[33,76402,76403],{"class":1308},"   # last 3 items\n",[33,76405,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,76407,157],{"class":156},[33,76409,133],{"class":47},[33,76411,199],{"class":162},[33,76413,75511],{"class":47},[33,76415,2199],{"class":43},[33,76417,52],{"class":51},[33,76419,20599],{"class":47},[33,76421,76422],{"class":1308},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76424,207],{},[23,76426,76428],{"className":25,"code":76427,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[30,76429,76430,76435,76463],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76431,76432],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76433,76434],{"class":39},"e\n",[33,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76438,217],{"class":47},[33,76440,236],{"class":79},[33,76442,291],{"class":83},[33,76444,236],{"class":79},[33,76446,55],{"class":47},[33,76448,245],{"class":79},[33,76450,1634],{"class":83},[33,76452,236],{"class":79},[33,76454,55],{"class":47},[33,76456,245],{"class":79},[33,76458,1559],{"class":83},[33,76460,236],{"class":79},[33,76462,66],{"class":47},[33,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76466,217],{"class":47},[33,76468,236],{"class":79},[33,76470,273],{"class":83},[33,76472,236],{"class":79},[33,76474,55],{"class":47},[33,76476,245],{"class":79},[33,76478,282],{"class":83},[33,76480,236],{"class":79},[33,76482,55],{"class":47},[33,76484,245],{"class":79},[33,76486,291],{"class":83},[33,76488,236],{"class":79},[33,76490,55],{"class":47},[33,76492,245],{"class":79},[33,76494,1634],{"class":83},[33,76496,236],{"class":79},[33,76498,66],{"class":47},[14,76500,13205],{},[316,76502,76503,76506,76510,76516,76522],{},[319,76504,76505],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[319,76507,76508,76299],{},[30,76509,76298],{},[319,76511,76512,76515],{},[30,76513,76514],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[319,76517,76518,76521],{},[30,76519,76520],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[319,76523,76524,76525,2030,76527],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[30,76526,36228],{},[30,76528,75402],{},[18,76530,76532],{"id":76531},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76534,2155,76535,76537],{},[30,76536,75405],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[316,76539,76540,76543,76546,76551,76561],{},[319,76541,76542],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[319,76544,76545],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[319,76547,76548,76550],{},[30,76549,76037],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[319,76552,9031,76553,76555,76556,76558,76559],{},[30,76554,75405],{}," is negative, ",[30,76557,36228],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[30,76560,75402],{},[319,76562,76563,76565,76566],{},[30,76564,75405],{}," cannot be ",[30,76567,1114],{},[14,76569,76570],{},"Example with different step values:",[23,76572,76574],{"className":25,"code":76573,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[30,76575,76576,76608,76612,76629,76651,76670],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76577,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76579,40],{"class":39},[33,76581,44],{"class":43},[33,76583,48],{"class":47},[33,76585,538],{"class":51},[33,76587,55],{"class":47},[33,76589,7949],{"class":51},[33,76591,55],{"class":47},[33,76593,7954],{"class":51},[33,76595,55],{"class":47},[33,76597,50997],{"class":51},[33,76599,55],{"class":47},[33,76601,5245],{"class":51},[33,76603,55],{"class":47},[33,76605,76076],{"class":51},[33,76607,66],{"class":47},[33,76609,76610],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76611,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,76613,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76615,157],{"class":156},[33,76617,133],{"class":47},[33,76619,163],{"class":162},[33,76621,74098],{"class":47},[33,76623,2234],{"class":51},[33,76625,20599],{"class":47},[33,76627,76628],{"class":1308},"     # every second item\n",[33,76630,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76644,76646,76648],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,76632,157],{"class":156},[33,76634,133],{"class":47},[33,76636,163],{"class":162},[33,76638,217],{"class":47},[33,76640,52],{"class":51},[33,76642,76643],{"class":47},"::",[33,76645,2234],{"class":51},[33,76647,20599],{"class":47},[33,76649,76650],{"class":1308},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[33,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,76654,157],{"class":156},[33,76656,133],{"class":47},[33,76658,163],{"class":162},[33,76660,74098],{"class":47},[33,76662,2199],{"class":43},[33,76664,52],{"class":51},[33,76666,20599],{"class":47},[33,76668,76669],{"class":1308},"    # reverse the list\n",[33,76671,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680,76682,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,76673,157],{"class":156},[33,76675,133],{"class":47},[33,76677,163],{"class":162},[33,76679,217],{"class":47},[33,76681,2679],{"class":51},[33,76683,3061],{"class":47},[33,76685,52],{"class":51},[33,76687,3061],{"class":47},[33,76689,2199],{"class":43},[33,76691,52],{"class":51},[33,76693,20599],{"class":47},[33,76695,76696],{"class":1308},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76698,207],{},[23,76700,76702],{"className":25,"code":76701,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[30,76703,76704,76720,76736,76764],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76705,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76707,217],{"class":47},[33,76709,538],{"class":51},[33,76711,55],{"class":47},[33,76713,7954],{"class":51},[33,76715,55],{"class":47},[33,76717,5245],{"class":51},[33,76719,66],{"class":47},[33,76721,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76723,217],{"class":47},[33,76725,15906],{"class":51},[33,76727,55],{"class":47},[33,76729,50997],{"class":51},[33,76731,55],{"class":47},[33,76733,76076],{"class":51},[33,76735,66],{"class":47},[33,76737,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76739,217],{"class":47},[33,76741,76255],{"class":51},[33,76743,55],{"class":47},[33,76745,5245],{"class":51},[33,76747,55],{"class":47},[33,76749,50997],{"class":51},[33,76751,55],{"class":47},[33,76753,7954],{"class":51},[33,76755,55],{"class":47},[33,76757,7949],{"class":51},[33,76759,55],{"class":47},[33,76761,393],{"class":51},[33,76763,66],{"class":47},[33,76765,76766,76768,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,76767,217],{"class":47},[33,76769,76770],{"class":51},"50",[33,76772,55],{"class":47},[33,76774,50997],{"class":51},[33,76776,55],{"class":47},[33,76778,7954],{"class":51},[33,76780,66],{"class":47},[14,76782,76783,76784,310],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[273,76785,76786],{"href":74782},"how to reverse a list in Python",[664,76788,76790],{"id":76789},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76792,3013],{},[23,76794,76796],{"className":25,"code":76795,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[30,76797,76798,76818],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76799,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76801,40],{"class":39},[33,76803,44],{"class":43},[33,76805,48],{"class":47},[33,76807,52],{"class":51},[33,76809,55],{"class":47},[33,76811,58],{"class":51},[33,76813,55],{"class":47},[33,76815,63],{"class":51},[33,76817,66],{"class":47},[33,76819,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76821,157],{"class":156},[33,76823,133],{"class":47},[33,76825,163],{"class":162},[33,76827,74098],{"class":47},[33,76829,1114],{"class":51},[33,76831,4059],{"class":47},[14,76833,76834,76835,76837,76838,76840],{},"Python raises a ",[30,76836,40857],{}," because a slice step of ",[30,76839,1114],{}," does not make sense.",[18,76842,76844],{"id":76843},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76846,76847],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[664,76849,76851],{"id":76850},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[23,76853,76855],{"className":25,"code":76854,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[30,76856,76857,76881,76885],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76858,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76860,40],{"class":39},[33,76862,44],{"class":43},[33,76864,48],{"class":47},[33,76866,538],{"class":51},[33,76868,55],{"class":47},[33,76870,7949],{"class":51},[33,76872,55],{"class":47},[33,76874,7954],{"class":51},[33,76876,55],{"class":47},[33,76878,50997],{"class":51},[33,76880,66],{"class":47},[33,76882,76883],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76884,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,76886,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76888,157],{"class":156},[33,76890,133],{"class":47},[33,76892,163],{"class":162},[33,76894,217],{"class":47},[33,76896,2234],{"class":51},[33,76898,4059],{"class":47},[14,76900,207],{},[23,76902,76903],{"className":25,"code":69816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,76904,76905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76906,76907],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76908,69816],{"class":51},[664,76910,76912],{"id":76911},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[23,76914,76916],{"className":25,"code":76915,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[30,76917,76918,76942,76946],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76919,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76921,40],{"class":39},[33,76923,44],{"class":43},[33,76925,48],{"class":47},[33,76927,538],{"class":51},[33,76929,55],{"class":47},[33,76931,7949],{"class":51},[33,76933,55],{"class":47},[33,76935,7954],{"class":51},[33,76937,55],{"class":47},[33,76939,50997],{"class":51},[33,76941,66],{"class":47},[33,76943,76944],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,76945,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,76947,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,76949,157],{"class":156},[33,76951,133],{"class":47},[33,76953,163],{"class":162},[33,76955,217],{"class":47},[33,76957,2234],{"class":51},[33,76959,3061],{"class":47},[33,76961,2240],{"class":51},[33,76963,4059],{"class":47},[14,76965,207],{},[23,76967,76969],{"className":25,"code":76968,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[30]\n",[30,76970,76971],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,76972,76973,76975,76977],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,76974,217],{"class":47},[33,76976,36995],{"class":51},[33,76978,66],{"class":47},[14,76980,13916],{},[316,76982,76983,76989],{},[319,76984,76985,76988],{},[30,76986,76987],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[319,76990,76991,76994],{},[30,76992,76993],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76996,76997],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[316,76999,77000,77003],{},[319,77001,77002],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[319,77004,77005],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77007,367],{},[23,77009,77011],{"className":25,"code":77010,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[30,77012,77013,77033,77037],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77014,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77016,40],{"class":39},[33,77018,44],{"class":43},[33,77020,48],{"class":47},[33,77022,538],{"class":51},[33,77024,55],{"class":47},[33,77026,7949],{"class":51},[33,77028,55],{"class":47},[33,77030,7954],{"class":51},[33,77032,66],{"class":47},[33,77034,77035],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77036,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,77038,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77040,157],{"class":156},[33,77042,133],{"class":47},[33,77044,163],{"class":162},[33,77046,217],{"class":47},[33,77048,1085],{"class":51},[33,77050,3061],{"class":47},[33,77052,538],{"class":51},[33,77054,4059],{"class":47},[14,77056,207],{},[23,77058,77059],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,77060,77061],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77062,77063],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77064,264],{"class":47},[14,77066,77067],{},"But this would raise an error:",[23,77069,77071],{"className":25,"code":77070,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[30,77072,77073,77093,77097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77074,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77076,40],{"class":39},[33,77078,44],{"class":43},[33,77080,48],{"class":47},[33,77082,538],{"class":51},[33,77084,55],{"class":47},[33,77086,7949],{"class":51},[33,77088,55],{"class":47},[33,77090,7954],{"class":51},[33,77092,66],{"class":47},[33,77094,77095],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77096,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,77098,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77100,157],{"class":156},[33,77102,133],{"class":47},[33,77104,163],{"class":162},[33,77106,217],{"class":47},[33,77108,1085],{"class":51},[33,77110,4059],{"class":47},[14,77112,77113,77114,310],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[273,77115,69235],{"href":69234},[18,77117,15329],{"id":77118},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77120,77121],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[316,77123,77124,77128,77130,77133,77139],{},[319,77125,4870,77126,75717],{},[30,77127,75402],{},[319,77129,1809],{},[319,77131,77132],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[319,77134,37358,77135,8860,77137],{},[30,77136,76037],{},[30,77138,73502],{},[319,77140,77141,77142,77144],{},"Using step ",[30,77143,1114],{},", which causes an error",[664,77146,77148],{"id":77147},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[23,77150,77152],{"className":25,"code":77151,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[30,77153,77154,77182],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77155,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77157,40],{"class":39},[33,77159,44],{"class":43},[33,77161,48],{"class":47},[33,77163,538],{"class":51},[33,77165,55],{"class":47},[33,77167,7949],{"class":51},[33,77169,55],{"class":47},[33,77171,7954],{"class":51},[33,77173,55],{"class":47},[33,77175,50997],{"class":51},[33,77177,55],{"class":47},[33,77179,5245],{"class":51},[33,77181,66],{"class":47},[33,77183,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77185,157],{"class":156},[33,77187,133],{"class":47},[33,77189,163],{"class":162},[33,77191,217],{"class":47},[33,77193,52],{"class":51},[33,77195,3061],{"class":47},[33,77197,2679],{"class":51},[33,77199,4059],{"class":47},[14,77201,77202],{},"This returns:",[23,77204,77206],{"className":25,"code":77205,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[30,77207,77208],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77209,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77211,217],{"class":47},[33,77213,15906],{"class":51},[33,77215,55],{"class":47},[33,77217,7954],{"class":51},[33,77219,55],{"class":47},[33,77221,50997],{"class":51},[33,77223,66],{"class":47},[14,77225,41059,77226,77228,77229,77231,77232,310],{},[205,77227,4796],{}," include ",[30,77230,76770],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[30,77233,2679],{},[664,77235,77237],{"id":77236},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77239,16796],{},[23,77241,77243],{"className":25,"code":77242,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[30,77244,77245,77265],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77248,40],{"class":39},[33,77250,44],{"class":43},[33,77252,48],{"class":47},[33,77254,538],{"class":51},[33,77256,55],{"class":47},[33,77258,7949],{"class":51},[33,77260,55],{"class":47},[33,77262,7954],{"class":51},[33,77264,66],{"class":47},[33,77266,77267],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77268,77269],{"class":1308},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77271,77272],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[23,77274,77276],{"className":25,"code":77275,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[30,77277,77278],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77279,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77281,157],{"class":156},[33,77283,133],{"class":47},[33,77285,163],{"class":162},[33,77287,217],{"class":47},[33,77289,52],{"class":51},[33,77291,3061],{"class":47},[33,77293,2240],{"class":51},[33,77295,4059],{"class":47},[664,77297,77299],{"id":77298},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77301,77302],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[23,77304,77306],{"className":25,"code":77305,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,77307,77308,77332,77346,77350,77360],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77309,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77311,40],{"class":39},[33,77313,44],{"class":43},[33,77315,48],{"class":47},[33,77317,538],{"class":51},[33,77319,55],{"class":47},[33,77321,7949],{"class":51},[33,77323,55],{"class":47},[33,77325,7954],{"class":51},[33,77327,55],{"class":47},[33,77329,50997],{"class":51},[33,77331,66],{"class":47},[33,77333,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77335,75635],{"class":39},[33,77337,44],{"class":43},[33,77339,4430],{"class":39},[33,77341,75511],{"class":47},[33,77343,2234],{"class":51},[33,77345,66],{"class":47},[33,77347,77348],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77349,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,77351,77352,77354,77356,77358],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,77353,157],{"class":156},[33,77355,133],{"class":47},[33,77357,75658],{"class":162},[33,77359,143],{"class":47},[33,77361,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,77363,157],{"class":156},[33,77365,133],{"class":47},[33,77367,163],{"class":162},[33,77369,143],{"class":47},[14,77371,207],{},[23,77373,77375],{"className":25,"code":77374,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[30,77376,77377,77389],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77378,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77380,217],{"class":47},[33,77382,538],{"class":51},[33,77384,55],{"class":47},[33,77386,7949],{"class":51},[33,77388,66],{"class":47},[33,77390,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77392,217],{"class":47},[33,77394,538],{"class":51},[33,77396,55],{"class":47},[33,77398,7949],{"class":51},[33,77400,55],{"class":47},[33,77402,7954],{"class":51},[33,77404,55],{"class":47},[33,77406,50997],{"class":51},[33,77408,66],{"class":47},[14,77410,77411],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[664,77413,77415,77416,8860,77418],{"id":77414},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[30,77417,76037],{},[30,77419,73502],{},[23,77421,77423],{"className":25,"code":77422,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,77424,77425,77445,77449,77466,77477],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77426,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77428,40],{"class":39},[33,77430,44],{"class":43},[33,77432,48],{"class":47},[33,77434,538],{"class":51},[33,77436,55],{"class":47},[33,77438,7949],{"class":51},[33,77440,55],{"class":47},[33,77442,7954],{"class":51},[33,77444,66],{"class":47},[33,77446,77447],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77448,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,77450,77451,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77452,77453],{"class":39},"reversed_copy ",[33,77455,44],{"class":43},[33,77457,4430],{"class":39},[33,77459,74098],{"class":47},[33,77461,2199],{"class":43},[33,77463,52],{"class":51},[33,77465,66],{"class":47},[33,77467,77468,77470,77472,77475],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,77469,157],{"class":156},[33,77471,133],{"class":47},[33,77473,77474],{"class":162},"reversed_copy",[33,77476,143],{"class":47},[33,77478,77479,77481,77483,77485],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,77480,157],{"class":156},[33,77482,133],{"class":47},[33,77484,163],{"class":162},[33,77486,143],{"class":47},[14,77488,207],{},[23,77490,77492],{"className":25,"code":77491,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[30,77493,77494,77510],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77495,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77497,217],{"class":47},[33,77499,36995],{"class":51},[33,77501,55],{"class":47},[33,77503,7949],{"class":51},[33,77505,55],{"class":47},[33,77507,393],{"class":51},[33,77509,66],{"class":47},[33,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77513,217],{"class":47},[33,77515,538],{"class":51},[33,77517,55],{"class":47},[33,77519,7949],{"class":51},[33,77521,55],{"class":47},[33,77523,7954],{"class":51},[33,77525,66],{"class":47},[14,77527,77528,77531],{},[30,77529,77530],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77533,77534,77535,77538],{},"By contrast, ",[30,77536,77537],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[664,77540,77542],{"id":77541},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77544,77545],{},"This is not allowed:",[23,77547,77549],{"className":25,"code":77548,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[30,77550,77551,77571],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77552,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77554,40],{"class":39},[33,77556,44],{"class":43},[33,77558,48],{"class":47},[33,77560,538],{"class":51},[33,77562,55],{"class":47},[33,77564,7949],{"class":51},[33,77566,55],{"class":47},[33,77568,7954],{"class":51},[33,77570,66],{"class":47},[33,77572,77573],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77574,77575],{"class":1308},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77577,77578,77579,310],{},"Python will raise a ",[30,77580,40857],{},[18,77582,77584],{"id":77583},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77586,77587],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[316,77589,77590,77597,77603,77606,77609],{},[319,77591,37358,77592,2030,77594,77596],{},[30,77593,36228],{},[30,77595,75402],{}," positions",[319,77598,77599,77600,77602],{},"Assuming the ",[30,77601,75402],{}," index is included",[319,77604,77605],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[319,77607,77608],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[319,77610,77611],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77613,77614],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[23,77616,77618],{"className":25,"code":77617,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[30,77619,77620,77630,77644,77662,77676,77693],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77621,77622,77624,77626,77628],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77623,157],{"class":156},[33,77625,133],{"class":47},[33,77627,715],{"class":162},[33,77629,143],{"class":47},[33,77631,77632,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77633,157],{"class":156},[33,77635,133],{"class":47},[33,77637,726],{"class":156},[33,77639,133],{"class":47},[33,77641,715],{"class":162},[33,77643,733],{"class":47},[33,77645,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77647,157],{"class":156},[33,77649,133],{"class":47},[33,77651,715],{"class":162},[33,77653,217],{"class":47},[33,77655,52],{"class":51},[33,77657,3061],{"class":47},[33,77659,2679],{"class":51},[33,77661,4059],{"class":47},[33,77663,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,77665,157],{"class":156},[33,77667,133],{"class":47},[33,77669,715],{"class":162},[33,77671,75511],{"class":47},[33,77673,2240],{"class":51},[33,77675,4059],{"class":47},[33,77677,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,77679,157],{"class":156},[33,77681,133],{"class":47},[33,77683,715],{"class":162},[33,77685,217],{"class":47},[33,77687,2199],{"class":43},[33,77689,2240],{"class":51},[33,77691,77692],{"class":47},":])\n",[33,77694,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,77696,157],{"class":156},[33,77698,133],{"class":47},[33,77700,715],{"class":162},[33,77702,74098],{"class":47},[33,77704,2199],{"class":43},[33,77706,52],{"class":51},[33,77708,4059],{"class":47},[14,77710,1357,77711,77713,77714,77718],{},[30,77712,42514],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[273,77715,77717],{"href":77716},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[18,77720,1961],{"id":1960},[664,77722,77724],{"id":77723},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77726,77727],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[664,77729,77731],{"id":77730},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77733,77734],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[664,77736,2007,77738,40115],{"id":77737},"what-does-list-1-do",[30,77739,76037],{},[14,77741,77742],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[664,77744,77746,77747,2033],{"id":77745},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[30,77748,70707],{},[14,77750,77751],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[18,77753,2045],{"id":2044},[316,77755,77756,77761,77766,77770,77774,77778],{},[319,77757,77758],{},[273,77759,77760],{"href":451},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[319,77762,77763],{},[273,77764,77765],{"href":57297},"How to create a list in Python",[319,77767,77768],{},[273,77769,15119],{"href":57363},[319,77771,77772],{},[273,77773,74783],{"href":74782},[319,77775,77776],{},[273,77777,77717],{"href":77716},[319,77779,77780],{},[273,77781,69235],{"href":69234},[14,77783,77784,77785,77787],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[30,77786,42514],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2097,77789,77790],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":77792},[77793,77794,77795,77796,77797,77798,77801,77805,77813,77814,77822],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":75566,"depth":69,"text":75567},{"id":75729,"depth":69,"text":75730},{"id":75991,"depth":69,"text":75992},{"id":76285,"depth":69,"text":76286},{"id":76531,"depth":69,"text":76532,"children":77799},[77800],{"id":76789,"depth":110,"text":76790},{"id":76843,"depth":69,"text":76844,"children":77802},[77803,77804],{"id":76850,"depth":110,"text":76851},{"id":76911,"depth":110,"text":76912},{"id":77118,"depth":69,"text":15329,"children":77806},[77807,77808,77809,77810,77812],{"id":77147,"depth":110,"text":77148},{"id":77236,"depth":110,"text":77237},{"id":77298,"depth":110,"text":77299},{"id":77414,"depth":110,"text":77811},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77541,"depth":110,"text":77542},{"id":77583,"depth":69,"text":77584},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":77815},[77816,77817,77818,77820],{"id":77723,"depth":110,"text":77724},{"id":77730,"depth":110,"text":77731},{"id":77737,"depth":110,"text":77819},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77745,"depth":110,"text":77821},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75389,"description":77823},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77830,"title":77831,"body":77832,"description":79901,"extension":2138,"meta":79902,"navigation":149,"path":79903,"seo":79904,"stem":79905,"__hash__":79906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77833,"toc":79867},[77834,77839,77845,77851,77853,77900,77907,77912,77916,77931,77934,77987,77989,78014,78019,78021,78053,78056,78072,78074,78135,78137,78162,78166,78171,78224,78226,78251,78256,78317,78319,78344,78347,78354,78358,78361,78422,78424,78457,78460,78521,78523,78556,78562,78635,78637,78669,78676,78681,78686,78688,78700,78703,78781,78783,78824,78827,78901,78903,78936,78941,78948,78955,78959,78968,78972,78980,78982,79049,79051,79087,79092,79103,79105,79110,79115,79117,79180,79182,79207,79214,79219,79223,79226,79266,79271,79277,79282,79284,79311,79316,79319,79366,79368,79425,79432,79437,79443,79512,79516,79519,79582,79584,79617,79622,79624,79627,79708,79710,79734,79740,79742,79747,79751,79758,79766,79770,79772,79795,79799,79801,79828,79831,79838,79841,79843,79864],[10,77835,54489,77837,2059],{"id":77836},"python-list-sort-method",[30,77838,64287],{},[14,77840,77841,77844],{},[30,77842,77843],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77846,77847,77848,77850],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[30,77849,64287],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[18,77852,2180],{"id":2179},[23,77854,77856],{"className":25,"code":77855,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,77857,77858,77878,77888],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77859,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77861,40],{"class":39},[33,77863,44],{"class":43},[33,77865,48],{"class":47},[33,77867,2240],{"class":51},[33,77869,55],{"class":47},[33,77871,1119],{"class":51},[33,77873,55],{"class":47},[33,77875,58],{"class":51},[33,77877,66],{"class":47},[33,77879,77880,77882,77884,77886],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77881,163],{"class":39},[33,77883,310],{"class":47},[33,77885,34955],{"class":162},[33,77887,1671],{"class":47},[33,77889,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77891,157],{"class":156},[33,77893,133],{"class":47},[33,77895,163],{"class":162},[33,77897,3831],{"class":47},[33,77899,55079],{"class":1308},[14,77901,672,77902,77904,77905,310],{},[30,77903,77843],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[30,77906,3950],{},[18,77908,3848,77910,3851],{"id":77909},"what-listsort-does",[30,77911,77843],{},[14,77913,77914,3061],{},[30,77915,77843],{},[316,77917,77918,77921,77924,77928],{},[319,77919,77920],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[319,77922,77923],{},"Changes the original list",[319,77925,11575,77926],{},[30,77927,3950],{},[319,77929,77930],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77932,77933],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[23,77935,77937],{"className":25,"code":77936,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,77938,77939,77963,77973,77977],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77940,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77942,40],{"class":39},[33,77944,44],{"class":43},[33,77946,48],{"class":47},[33,77948,1085],{"class":51},[33,77950,55],{"class":47},[33,77952,58],{"class":51},[33,77954,55],{"class":47},[33,77956,54284],{"class":51},[33,77958,55],{"class":47},[33,77960,1119],{"class":51},[33,77962,66],{"class":47},[33,77964,77965,77967,77969,77971],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,77966,163],{"class":39},[33,77968,310],{"class":47},[33,77970,34955],{"class":162},[33,77972,1671],{"class":47},[33,77974,77975],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,77976,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,77978,77979,77981,77983,77985],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,77980,157],{"class":156},[33,77982,133],{"class":47},[33,77984,163],{"class":162},[33,77986,143],{"class":47},[14,77988,207],{},[23,77990,77992],{"className":25,"code":77991,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[30,77993,77994],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,77995,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010,78012],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,77997,217],{"class":47},[33,77999,52],{"class":51},[33,78001,55],{"class":47},[33,78003,58],{"class":51},[33,78005,55],{"class":47},[33,78007,4770],{"class":51},[33,78009,55],{"class":47},[33,78011,54284],{"class":51},[33,78013,66],{"class":47},[14,78015,78016,78017,310],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[273,78018,67053],{"href":451},[18,78020,2334],{"id":2333},[23,78022,78024],{"className":25,"code":78023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[30,78025,78026],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78047,78049,78051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78029,715],{"class":39},[33,78031,310],{"class":47},[33,78033,34955],{"class":162},[33,78035,133],{"class":47},[33,78037,14995],{"class":9331},[33,78039,44],{"class":43},[33,78041,3950],{"class":398},[33,78043,55],{"class":47},[33,78045,78046],{"class":9331}," reverse",[33,78048,44],{"class":43},[33,78050,3844],{"class":398},[33,78052,143],{"class":47},[14,78054,78055],{},"Main arguments:",[316,78057,78058,78063,78069],{},[319,78059,78060,78062],{},[30,78061,14995],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[319,78064,78065,78068],{},[30,78066,78067],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[319,78070,78071],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78073,367],{},[23,78075,78077],{"className":25,"code":78076,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,78078,78079,78103,78121,78125],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78082,40],{"class":39},[33,78084,44],{"class":43},[33,78086,48],{"class":47},[33,78088,2679],{"class":51},[33,78090,55],{"class":47},[33,78092,1119],{"class":51},[33,78094,55],{"class":47},[33,78096,6153],{"class":51},[33,78098,55],{"class":47},[33,78100,58],{"class":51},[33,78102,66],{"class":47},[33,78104,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78106,163],{"class":39},[33,78108,310],{"class":47},[33,78110,34955],{"class":162},[33,78112,133],{"class":47},[33,78114,73553],{"class":9331},[33,78116,44],{"class":43},[33,78118,3777],{"class":398},[33,78120,143],{"class":47},[33,78122,78123],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78124,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78128,157],{"class":156},[33,78130,133],{"class":47},[33,78132,163],{"class":162},[33,78134,143],{"class":47},[14,78136,207],{},[23,78138,78140],{"className":25,"code":78139,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[30,78141,78142],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78143,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78145,217],{"class":47},[33,78147,2202],{"class":51},[33,78149,55],{"class":47},[33,78151,1132],{"class":51},[33,78153,55],{"class":47},[33,78155,58],{"class":51},[33,78157,55],{"class":47},[33,78159,1119],{"class":51},[33,78161,66],{"class":47},[18,78163,78165],{"id":78164},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78167,672,78168,78170],{},[30,78169,64287],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[23,78172,78174],{"className":25,"code":78173,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,78175,78176,78200,78210,78214],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78177,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78179,40],{"class":39},[33,78181,44],{"class":43},[33,78183,48],{"class":47},[33,78185,538],{"class":51},[33,78187,55],{"class":47},[33,78189,63],{"class":51},[33,78191,55],{"class":47},[33,78193,6519],{"class":51},[33,78195,55],{"class":47},[33,78197,1119],{"class":51},[33,78199,66],{"class":47},[33,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78203,163],{"class":39},[33,78205,310],{"class":47},[33,78207,34955],{"class":162},[33,78209,1671],{"class":47},[33,78211,78212],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78213,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78215,78216,78218,78220,78222],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78217,157],{"class":156},[33,78219,133],{"class":47},[33,78221,163],{"class":162},[33,78223,143],{"class":47},[14,78225,207],{},[23,78227,78229],{"className":25,"code":78228,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[30,78230,78231],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78232,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78234,217],{"class":47},[33,78236,52],{"class":51},[33,78238,55],{"class":47},[33,78240,63],{"class":51},[33,78242,55],{"class":47},[33,78244,6519],{"class":51},[33,78246,55],{"class":47},[33,78248,393],{"class":51},[33,78250,66],{"class":47},[14,78252,672,78253,78255],{},[30,78254,78067],{}," for descending order:",[23,78257,78259],{"className":25,"code":78258,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,78260,78261,78285,78303,78307],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78262,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78264,40],{"class":39},[33,78266,44],{"class":43},[33,78268,48],{"class":47},[33,78270,538],{"class":51},[33,78272,55],{"class":47},[33,78274,63],{"class":51},[33,78276,55],{"class":47},[33,78278,6519],{"class":51},[33,78280,55],{"class":47},[33,78282,1119],{"class":51},[33,78284,66],{"class":47},[33,78286,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78288,163],{"class":39},[33,78290,310],{"class":47},[33,78292,34955],{"class":162},[33,78294,133],{"class":47},[33,78296,73553],{"class":9331},[33,78298,44],{"class":43},[33,78300,3777],{"class":398},[33,78302,143],{"class":47},[33,78304,78305],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78306,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78308,78309,78311,78313,78315],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78310,157],{"class":156},[33,78312,133],{"class":47},[33,78314,163],{"class":162},[33,78316,143],{"class":47},[14,78318,207],{},[23,78320,78322],{"className":25,"code":78321,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[30,78323,78324],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78325,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78327,217],{"class":47},[33,78329,538],{"class":51},[33,78331,55],{"class":47},[33,78333,6519],{"class":51},[33,78335,55],{"class":47},[33,78337,63],{"class":51},[33,78339,55],{"class":47},[33,78341,1119],{"class":51},[33,78343,66],{"class":47},[14,78345,78346],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78348,78349,78350,310],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[273,78351,78353],{"href":78352},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[18,78355,78357],{"id":78356},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78359,78360],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[23,78362,78364],{"className":25,"code":78363,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,78365,78366,78398,78408,78412],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78367,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78369,1655],{"class":39},[33,78371,44],{"class":43},[33,78373,48],{"class":47},[33,78375,80],{"class":79},[33,78377,4255],{"class":83},[33,78379,80],{"class":79},[33,78381,55],{"class":47},[33,78383,91],{"class":79},[33,78385,386],{"class":83},[33,78387,80],{"class":79},[33,78389,55],{"class":47},[33,78391,91],{"class":79},[33,78393,4264],{"class":83},[33,78395,80],{"class":79},[33,78397,66],{"class":47},[33,78399,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78401,1680],{"class":39},[33,78403,310],{"class":47},[33,78405,34955],{"class":162},[33,78407,1671],{"class":47},[33,78409,78410],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78411,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78413,78414,78416,78418,78420],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78415,157],{"class":156},[33,78417,133],{"class":47},[33,78419,1680],{"class":162},[33,78421,143],{"class":47},[14,78423,207],{},[23,78425,78427],{"className":25,"code":78426,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[30,78428,78429],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78432,217],{"class":47},[33,78434,236],{"class":79},[33,78436,386],{"class":83},[33,78438,236],{"class":79},[33,78440,55],{"class":47},[33,78442,245],{"class":79},[33,78444,4255],{"class":83},[33,78446,236],{"class":79},[33,78448,55],{"class":47},[33,78450,245],{"class":79},[33,78452,4264],{"class":83},[33,78454,236],{"class":79},[33,78456,66],{"class":47},[14,78458,78459],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[23,78461,78463],{"className":25,"code":78462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,78464,78465,78497,78507,78511],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78466,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78468,1655],{"class":39},[33,78470,44],{"class":43},[33,78472,48],{"class":47},[33,78474,80],{"class":79},[33,78476,4255],{"class":83},[33,78478,80],{"class":79},[33,78480,55],{"class":47},[33,78482,91],{"class":79},[33,78484,57912],{"class":83},[33,78486,80],{"class":79},[33,78488,55],{"class":47},[33,78490,91],{"class":79},[33,78492,4264],{"class":83},[33,78494,80],{"class":79},[33,78496,66],{"class":47},[33,78498,78499,78501,78503,78505],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78500,1680],{"class":39},[33,78502,310],{"class":47},[33,78504,34955],{"class":162},[33,78506,1671],{"class":47},[33,78508,78509],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78510,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78514,157],{"class":156},[33,78516,133],{"class":47},[33,78518,1680],{"class":162},[33,78520,143],{"class":47},[14,78522,207],{},[23,78524,78526],{"className":25,"code":78525,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[30,78527,78528],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78531,217],{"class":47},[33,78533,236],{"class":79},[33,78535,57912],{"class":83},[33,78537,236],{"class":79},[33,78539,55],{"class":47},[33,78541,245],{"class":79},[33,78543,4255],{"class":83},[33,78545,236],{"class":79},[33,78547,55],{"class":47},[33,78549,245],{"class":79},[33,78551,4264],{"class":83},[33,78553,236],{"class":79},[33,78555,66],{"class":47},[14,78557,78558,78559,3061],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[30,78560,78561],{},"key=str.lower",[23,78563,78565],{"className":25,"code":78564,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,78566,78567,78599,78621,78625],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78568,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593,78595,78597],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78570,1655],{"class":39},[33,78572,44],{"class":43},[33,78574,48],{"class":47},[33,78576,80],{"class":79},[33,78578,4255],{"class":83},[33,78580,80],{"class":79},[33,78582,55],{"class":47},[33,78584,91],{"class":79},[33,78586,57912],{"class":83},[33,78588,80],{"class":79},[33,78590,55],{"class":47},[33,78592,91],{"class":79},[33,78594,4264],{"class":83},[33,78596,80],{"class":79},[33,78598,66],{"class":47},[33,78600,78601,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78602,1680],{"class":39},[33,78604,310],{"class":47},[33,78606,34955],{"class":162},[33,78608,133],{"class":47},[33,78610,14995],{"class":9331},[33,78612,44],{"class":43},[33,78614,3617],{"class":129},[33,78616,310],{"class":47},[33,78618,8796],{"class":24904},[33,78620,143],{"class":47},[33,78622,78623],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78624,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78628,157],{"class":156},[33,78630,133],{"class":47},[33,78632,1680],{"class":162},[33,78634,143],{"class":47},[14,78636,207],{},[23,78638,78639],{"className":25,"code":78525,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,78640,78641],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78642,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78644,217],{"class":47},[33,78646,236],{"class":79},[33,78648,57912],{"class":83},[33,78650,236],{"class":79},[33,78652,55],{"class":47},[33,78654,245],{"class":79},[33,78656,4255],{"class":83},[33,78658,236],{"class":79},[33,78660,55],{"class":47},[33,78662,245],{"class":79},[33,78664,4264],{"class":83},[33,78666,236],{"class":79},[33,78668,66],{"class":47},[14,78670,78671,78672,78675],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[30,78673,78674],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[18,78677,36766,78679,36769],{"id":78678},"using-the-key-argument",[30,78680,14995],{},[14,78682,2155,78683,78685],{},[30,78684,14995],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78687,7502],{},[316,78689,78690,78695],{},[319,78691,78692,78694],{},[30,78693,726],{}," to sort by length",[319,78696,78697,78699],{},[30,78698,78674],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78701,78702],{},"Sort words by length:",[23,78704,78706],{"className":25,"code":78705,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,78707,78708,78749,78767,78771],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78711,1655],{"class":39},[33,78713,44],{"class":43},[33,78715,48],{"class":47},[33,78717,80],{"class":79},[33,78719,78720],{"class":83},"pear",[33,78722,80],{"class":79},[33,78724,55],{"class":47},[33,78726,91],{"class":79},[33,78728,4255],{"class":83},[33,78730,80],{"class":79},[33,78732,55],{"class":47},[33,78734,91],{"class":79},[33,78736,38512],{"class":83},[33,78738,80],{"class":79},[33,78740,55],{"class":47},[33,78742,91],{"class":79},[33,78744,386],{"class":83},[33,78746,80],{"class":79},[33,78748,66],{"class":47},[33,78750,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78752,1680],{"class":39},[33,78754,310],{"class":47},[33,78756,34955],{"class":162},[33,78758,133],{"class":47},[33,78760,14995],{"class":9331},[33,78762,44],{"class":43},[33,78764,726],{"class":156},[33,78766,143],{"class":47},[33,78768,78769],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78770,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78772,78773,78775,78777,78779],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78774,157],{"class":156},[33,78776,133],{"class":47},[33,78778,1680],{"class":162},[33,78780,143],{"class":47},[14,78782,207],{},[23,78784,78786],{"className":25,"code":78785,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[30,78787,78788],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78789,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78791,217],{"class":47},[33,78793,236],{"class":79},[33,78795,38512],{"class":83},[33,78797,236],{"class":79},[33,78799,55],{"class":47},[33,78801,245],{"class":79},[33,78803,78720],{"class":83},[33,78805,236],{"class":79},[33,78807,55],{"class":47},[33,78809,245],{"class":79},[33,78811,386],{"class":83},[33,78813,236],{"class":79},[33,78815,55],{"class":47},[33,78817,245],{"class":79},[33,78819,4255],{"class":83},[33,78821,236],{"class":79},[33,78823,66],{"class":47},[14,78825,78826],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[23,78828,78830],{"className":25,"code":78829,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,78831,78832,78865,78887,78891],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78833,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78861,78863],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78835,1655],{"class":39},[33,78837,44],{"class":43},[33,78839,48],{"class":47},[33,78841,80],{"class":79},[33,78843,5178],{"class":83},[33,78845,80],{"class":79},[33,78847,55],{"class":47},[33,78849,91],{"class":79},[33,78851,17956],{"class":83},[33,78853,80],{"class":79},[33,78855,55],{"class":47},[33,78857,91],{"class":79},[33,78859,78860],{"class":83},"Carol",[33,78862,80],{"class":79},[33,78864,66],{"class":47},[33,78866,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,78868,1680],{"class":39},[33,78870,310],{"class":47},[33,78872,34955],{"class":162},[33,78874,133],{"class":47},[33,78876,14995],{"class":9331},[33,78878,44],{"class":43},[33,78880,3617],{"class":129},[33,78882,310],{"class":47},[33,78884,8796],{"class":24904},[33,78886,143],{"class":47},[33,78888,78889],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,78890,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,78892,78893,78895,78897,78899],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,78894,157],{"class":156},[33,78896,133],{"class":47},[33,78898,1680],{"class":162},[33,78900,143],{"class":47},[14,78902,207],{},[23,78904,78906],{"className":25,"code":78905,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[30,78907,78908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78909,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78911,217],{"class":47},[33,78913,236],{"class":79},[33,78915,17956],{"class":83},[33,78917,236],{"class":79},[33,78919,55],{"class":47},[33,78921,245],{"class":79},[33,78923,5178],{"class":83},[33,78925,236],{"class":79},[33,78927,55],{"class":47},[33,78929,245],{"class":79},[33,78931,78860],{"class":83},[33,78933,236],{"class":79},[33,78935,66],{"class":47},[14,78937,2155,78938,78940],{},[30,78939,14995],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[18,78942,78944,10739,78946],{"id":78943},"listsort-vs-sorted",[30,78945,77843],{},[30,78947,74400],{},[14,78949,78950,2030,78952,78954],{},[30,78951,77843],{},[30,78953,74400],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78956,78957,3061],{},[30,78958,77843],{},[316,78960,78961,78964],{},[319,78962,78963],{},"Changes the existing list",[319,78965,11575,78966],{},[30,78967,3950],{},[14,78969,78970,3061],{},[30,78971,74400],{},[316,78973,78974,78977],{},[319,78975,78976],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[319,78978,78979],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78981,367],{},[23,78983,78985],{"className":25,"code":78984,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[30,78986,78987,79007,79011,79025,79029,79039],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,78990,40],{"class":39},[33,78992,44],{"class":43},[33,78994,48],{"class":47},[33,78996,2240],{"class":51},[33,78998,55],{"class":47},[33,79000,1119],{"class":51},[33,79002,55],{"class":47},[33,79004,58],{"class":51},[33,79006,66],{"class":47},[33,79008,79009],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79010,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79012,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79014,56035],{"class":39},[33,79016,44],{"class":43},[33,79018,74534],{"class":156},[33,79020,133],{"class":47},[33,79022,163],{"class":162},[33,79024,143],{"class":47},[33,79026,79027],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79028,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79030,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,79032,157],{"class":156},[33,79034,133],{"class":47},[33,79036,163],{"class":162},[33,79038,143],{"class":47},[33,79040,79041,79043,79045,79047],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,79042,157],{"class":156},[33,79044,133],{"class":47},[33,79046,74257],{"class":162},[33,79048,143],{"class":47},[14,79050,207],{},[23,79052,79053],{"className":25,"code":74569,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,79054,79055,79071],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79056,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79058,217],{"class":47},[33,79060,2240],{"class":51},[33,79062,55],{"class":47},[33,79064,1119],{"class":51},[33,79066,55],{"class":47},[33,79068,58],{"class":51},[33,79070,66],{"class":47},[33,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79074,217],{"class":47},[33,79076,52],{"class":51},[33,79078,55],{"class":47},[33,79080,58],{"class":51},[33,79082,55],{"class":47},[33,79084,63],{"class":51},[33,79086,66],{"class":47},[14,79088,672,79089,79091],{},[30,79090,74400],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79093,79094,79095,2030,79099,310],{},"You can learn more in ",[273,79096,2076,79097,5942],{"href":74497},[30,79098,74400],{},[273,79100,79102],{"href":79101},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[18,79104,3006],{"id":3005},[14,79106,79107,79108,310],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[30,79109,77843],{},[664,79111,12747,79113],{"id":79112},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[30,79114,64287],{},[14,79116,25844],{},[23,79118,79120],{"className":25,"code":79119,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,79121,79122,79142,79156,79160,79170],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79123,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79125,40],{"class":39},[33,79127,44],{"class":43},[33,79129,48],{"class":47},[33,79131,2240],{"class":51},[33,79133,55],{"class":47},[33,79135,1119],{"class":51},[33,79137,55],{"class":47},[33,79139,58],{"class":51},[33,79141,66],{"class":47},[33,79143,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79145,1506],{"class":39},[33,79147,44],{"class":43},[33,79149,4430],{"class":39},[33,79151,310],{"class":47},[33,79153,34955],{"class":162},[33,79155,1671],{"class":47},[33,79157,79158],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79159,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79161,79162,79164,79166,79168],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79163,157],{"class":156},[33,79165,133],{"class":47},[33,79167,1530],{"class":162},[33,79169,143],{"class":47},[33,79171,79172,79174,79176,79178],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,79173,157],{"class":156},[33,79175,133],{"class":47},[33,79177,163],{"class":162},[33,79179,143],{"class":47},[14,79181,207],{},[23,79183,79185],{"className":25,"code":79184,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[30,79186,79187,79191],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79188,79189],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79190,11961],{"class":398},[33,79192,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79194,217],{"class":47},[33,79196,52],{"class":51},[33,79198,55],{"class":47},[33,79200,58],{"class":51},[33,79202,55],{"class":47},[33,79204,63],{"class":51},[33,79206,66],{"class":47},[14,79208,79209,79211,79212,310],{},[30,79210,64287],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[30,79213,3950],{},[14,79215,79216,79217,6789],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[30,79218,74400],{},[664,79220,79222],{"id":79221},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79224,79225],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[23,79227,79229],{"className":25,"code":79228,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[30,79230,79231,79256],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79232,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79248,79250,79252,79254],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79234,377],{"class":39},[33,79236,44],{"class":43},[33,79238,48],{"class":47},[33,79240,52],{"class":51},[33,79242,55],{"class":47},[33,79244,91],{"class":79},[33,79246,79247],{"class":83},"two",[33,79249,80],{"class":79},[33,79251,55],{"class":47},[33,79253,63],{"class":51},[33,79255,66],{"class":47},[33,79257,79258,79260,79262,79264],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79259,414],{"class":39},[33,79261,310],{"class":47},[33,79263,34955],{"class":162},[33,79265,1671],{"class":47},[14,79267,3178,79268,79270],{},[30,79269,3181],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[664,79272,4870,79274,79276],{"id":79273},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[30,79275,64287],{}," only works on lists",[14,79278,79279,79281],{},[30,79280,64287],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79283,16796],{},[23,79285,79287],{"className":25,"code":79286,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[30,79288,79289,79301],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79290,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79292,34843],{"class":39},[33,79294,44],{"class":43},[33,79296,91],{"class":79},[33,79298,27],{"class":83},[33,79300,3532],{"class":79},[33,79302,79303,79305,79307,79309],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79304,34864],{"class":39},[33,79306,310],{"class":47},[33,79308,34955],{"class":162},[33,79310,1671],{"class":47},[14,79312,79313,79314,33756],{},"Strings do not have a ",[30,79315,64287],{},[14,79317,79318],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[23,79320,79322],{"className":25,"code":79321,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[30,79323,79324,79342,79352,79356],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79325,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79327,124],{"class":39},[33,79329,44],{"class":43},[33,79331,130],{"class":129},[33,79333,133],{"class":47},[33,79335,80],{"class":79},[33,79337,27],{"class":83},[33,79339,80],{"class":79},[33,79341,143],{"class":47},[33,79343,79344,79346,79348,79350],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79345,199],{"class":39},[33,79347,310],{"class":47},[33,79349,34955],{"class":162},[33,79351,1671],{"class":47},[33,79353,79354],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79355,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79357,79358,79360,79362,79364],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79359,157],{"class":156},[33,79361,133],{"class":47},[33,79363,199],{"class":162},[33,79365,143],{"class":47},[14,79367,207],{},[23,79369,79371],{"className":25,"code":79370,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[30,79372,79373],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79376,217],{"class":47},[33,79378,236],{"class":79},[33,79380,1550],{"class":83},[33,79382,236],{"class":79},[33,79384,55],{"class":47},[33,79386,245],{"class":79},[33,79388,76006],{"class":83},[33,79390,236],{"class":79},[33,79392,55],{"class":47},[33,79394,245],{"class":79},[33,79396,1585],{"class":83},[33,79398,236],{"class":79},[33,79400,55],{"class":47},[33,79402,245],{"class":79},[33,79404,14],{"class":83},[33,79406,236],{"class":79},[33,79408,55],{"class":47},[33,79410,245],{"class":79},[33,79412,63262],{"class":83},[33,79414,236],{"class":79},[33,79416,55],{"class":47},[33,79418,245],{"class":79},[33,79420,11898],{"class":83},[33,79422,236],{"class":79},[33,79424,66],{"class":47},[664,79426,79428,79429,79431],{"id":79427},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[30,79430,14995],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79433,79434,79435,310],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[30,79436,14995],{},[14,79438,79439,79440,79442],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[30,79441,64287],{}," will not do that:",[23,79444,79446],{"className":25,"code":79445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,79447,79448,79480,79498,79502],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79449,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474,79476,79478],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79451,1655],{"class":39},[33,79453,44],{"class":43},[33,79455,48],{"class":47},[33,79457,80],{"class":79},[33,79459,4255],{"class":83},[33,79461,80],{"class":79},[33,79463,55],{"class":47},[33,79465,91],{"class":79},[33,79467,38512],{"class":83},[33,79469,80],{"class":79},[33,79471,55],{"class":47},[33,79473,91],{"class":79},[33,79475,386],{"class":83},[33,79477,80],{"class":79},[33,79479,66],{"class":47},[33,79481,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79483,1680],{"class":39},[33,79485,310],{"class":47},[33,79487,34955],{"class":162},[33,79489,133],{"class":47},[33,79491,14995],{"class":9331},[33,79493,44],{"class":43},[33,79495,726],{"class":156},[33,79497,143],{"class":47},[33,79499,79500],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79501,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79503,79504,79506,79508,79510],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79505,157],{"class":156},[33,79507,133],{"class":47},[33,79509,1680],{"class":162},[33,79511,143],{"class":47},[664,79513,79515],{"id":79514},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79517,79518],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[23,79520,79522],{"className":25,"code":79521,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,79523,79524,79558,79568,79572],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79525,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79554,79556],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79527,1655],{"class":39},[33,79529,44],{"class":43},[33,79531,48],{"class":47},[33,79533,80],{"class":79},[33,79535,79536],{"class":83},"zebra",[33,79538,80],{"class":79},[33,79540,55],{"class":47},[33,79542,91],{"class":79},[33,79544,57912],{"class":83},[33,79546,80],{"class":79},[33,79548,55],{"class":47},[33,79550,91],{"class":79},[33,79552,79553],{"class":83},"monkey",[33,79555,80],{"class":79},[33,79557,66],{"class":47},[33,79559,79560,79562,79564,79566],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79561,1680],{"class":39},[33,79563,310],{"class":47},[33,79565,34955],{"class":162},[33,79567,1671],{"class":47},[33,79569,79570],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79571,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,79573,79574,79576,79578,79580],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79575,157],{"class":156},[33,79577,133],{"class":47},[33,79579,1680],{"class":162},[33,79581,143],{"class":47},[14,79583,207],{},[23,79585,79587],{"className":25,"code":79586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[30,79588,79589],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79590,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79592,217],{"class":47},[33,79594,236],{"class":79},[33,79596,57912],{"class":83},[33,79598,236],{"class":79},[33,79600,55],{"class":47},[33,79602,245],{"class":79},[33,79604,79553],{"class":83},[33,79606,236],{"class":79},[33,79608,55],{"class":47},[33,79610,245],{"class":79},[33,79612,79536],{"class":83},[33,79614,236],{"class":79},[33,79616,66],{"class":47},[14,79618,672,79619,79621],{},[30,79620,78561],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[664,79623,1827],{"id":1826},[14,79625,79626],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[23,79628,79630],{"className":25,"code":79629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[30,79631,79632,79642,79656,79670,79684],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79633,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79635,157],{"class":156},[33,79637,133],{"class":47},[33,79639,715],{"class":162},[33,79641,143],{"class":47},[33,79643,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79645,157],{"class":156},[33,79647,133],{"class":47},[33,79649,1406],{"class":129},[33,79651,133],{"class":47},[33,79653,715],{"class":162},[33,79655,733],{"class":47},[33,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,79659,157],{"class":156},[33,79661,133],{"class":47},[33,79663,715],{"class":162},[33,79665,310],{"class":47},[33,79667,34955],{"class":162},[33,79669,7353],{"class":47},[33,79671,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,79673,157],{"class":156},[33,79675,133],{"class":47},[33,79677,74490],{"class":156},[33,79679,133],{"class":47},[33,79681,715],{"class":162},[33,79683,733],{"class":47},[33,79685,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,79687,157],{"class":156},[33,79689,3162],{"class":47},[33,79691,1406],{"class":129},[33,79693,133],{"class":47},[33,79695,23464],{"class":162},[33,79697,3831],{"class":47},[33,79699,4047],{"class":4046},[33,79701,6120],{"class":162},[33,79703,4053],{"class":4046},[33,79705,8552],{"class":162},[33,79707,4059],{"class":47},[14,79709,11322],{},[316,79711,79712,79715,79718,79725,79731],{},[319,79713,79714],{},"What values are in the list",[319,79716,79717],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[319,79719,79720,79721,2572,79723],{},"That ",[30,79722,64287],{},[30,79724,3950],{},[319,79726,79727,79728,79730],{},"Whether ",[30,79729,74400],{}," works better for your case",[319,79732,79733],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79735,79736,79737,79739],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[30,79738,3181],{}," problems.",[18,79741,1961],{"id":1960},[664,79743,12857,79745,55615],{"id":79744},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[30,79746,77843],{},[14,79748,62578,79749,310],{},[30,79750,3950],{},[664,79752,2027,79754,2030,79756,2033],{"id":79753},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[30,79755,64287],{},[30,79757,74400],{},[14,79759,79760,79762,79763,79765],{},[30,79761,64287],{}," changes the list itself. ",[30,79764,74400],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[664,79767,79769],{"id":79768},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79771,18848],{},[23,79773,79775],{"className":25,"code":79774,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[30,79776,79777],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79780,715],{"class":39},[33,79782,310],{"class":47},[33,79784,34955],{"class":162},[33,79786,133],{"class":47},[33,79788,73553],{"class":9331},[33,79790,44],{"class":43},[33,79792,3777],{"class":398},[33,79794,143],{"class":47},[664,79796,79798],{"id":79797},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79800,18848],{},[23,79802,79804],{"className":25,"code":79803,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[30,79805,79806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79807,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79809,715],{"class":39},[33,79811,310],{"class":47},[33,79813,34955],{"class":162},[33,79815,133],{"class":47},[33,79817,14995],{"class":9331},[33,79819,44],{"class":43},[33,79821,3617],{"class":129},[33,79823,310],{"class":47},[33,79825,8796],{"class":24904},[33,79827,143],{"class":47},[14,79829,79830],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[664,79832,79834,79835,79837],{"id":79833},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[30,79836,3181],{}," when sorting?",[14,79839,79840],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[18,79842,2045],{"id":2044},[316,79844,79845,79850,79856,79860],{},[319,79846,79847],{},[273,79848,79849],{"href":78352},"How to sort a list in Python",[319,79851,79852],{},[273,79853,2076,79854,5942],{"href":74497},[30,79855,74400],{},[319,79857,79858],{},[273,79859,67053],{"href":451},[319,79861,79862],{},[273,79863,79102],{"href":79101},[2097,79865,79866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":79868},[79869,79870,79872,79873,79874,79875,79877,79879,79890,79900],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":77909,"depth":69,"text":79871},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":78164,"depth":69,"text":78165},{"id":78356,"depth":69,"text":78357},{"id":78678,"depth":69,"text":79876},"Using the key argument",{"id":78943,"depth":69,"text":79878},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":79880},[79881,79883,79884,79886,79888,79889],{"id":79112,"depth":110,"text":79882},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79221,"depth":110,"text":79222},{"id":79273,"depth":110,"text":79885},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79427,"depth":110,"text":79887},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79514,"depth":110,"text":79515},{"id":1826,"depth":110,"text":1827},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":79891},[79892,79894,79896,79897,79898],{"id":79744,"depth":110,"text":79893},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79753,"depth":110,"text":79895},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79768,"depth":110,"text":79769},{"id":79797,"depth":110,"text":79798},{"id":79833,"depth":110,"text":79899},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77831,"description":79901},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79908,"title":79909,"body":79910,"description":82541,"extension":2138,"meta":82542,"navigation":149,"path":82543,"seo":82544,"stem":82545,"__hash__":82546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79911,"toc":82500},[79912,79917,79922,79925,79936,79939,79959,79961,80023,80025,80066,80075,80080,80085,80091,80102,80104,80123,80126,80131,80136,80138,80143,80157,80159,80177,80180,80197,80200,80206,80229,80234,80236,80239,80300,80302,80335,80337,80376,80384,80394,80400,80405,80498,80500,80524,80526,80544,80547,80578,80584,80589,80592,80594,80719,80721,80745,80747,80766,80772,80778,80897,80899,80916,80923,80929,80934,80941,80947,80949,81006,81009,81030,81033,81036,81097,81099,81132,81136,81206,81208,81225,81229,81232,81307,81309,81346,81349,81352,81423,81425,81486,81491,81496,81499,81513,81515,81588,81590,81610,81613,81616,81673,81735,81738,81770,81773,81788,81793,81795,81801,81804,81860,81863,81865,81884,81888,81890,81934,81943,81945,82005,82009,82012,82014,82107,82109,82224,82228,82230,82304,82307,82310,82312,82317,82382,82384,82408,82418,82420,82426,82435,82444,82453,82459,82462,82466,82469,82471,82497],[10,79913,2076,79915,2079],{"id":79914},"python-map-function-explained",[30,79916,39871],{},[14,79918,3755,79919,79921],{},[30,79920,39871],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79923,79924],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[316,79926,79927,79930,79933],{},[319,79928,79929],{},"converting numbers to strings",[319,79931,79932],{},"changing strings to integers",[319,79934,79935],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79937,79938],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[316,79940,79941,79948,79954],{},[319,79942,79943,14207,79945,79947],{},[30,79944,39871],{},[205,79946,4796],{}," return a list in Python 3",[319,79949,79950,79951],{},"it returns a ",[205,79952,79953],{},"map object",[319,79955,79956,79957],{},"you often convert that result with ",[30,79958,305],{},[18,79960,2180],{"id":2179},[23,79962,79964],{"className":25,"code":79963,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,79965,79966,79990,80009],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,79967,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,79969,40],{"class":39},[33,79971,44],{"class":43},[33,79973,48],{"class":47},[33,79975,52],{"class":51},[33,79977,55],{"class":47},[33,79979,58],{"class":51},[33,79981,55],{"class":47},[33,79983,63],{"class":51},[33,79985,55],{"class":47},[33,79987,1132],{"class":51},[33,79989,66],{"class":47},[33,79991,79992,79994,79996,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,79993,1506],{"class":39},[33,79995,44],{"class":43},[33,79997,79998],{"class":156}," map",[33,80000,133],{"class":47},[33,80002,3617],{"class":129},[33,80004,55],{"class":47},[33,80006,4430],{"class":162},[33,80008,143],{"class":47},[33,80010,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80012,157],{"class":156},[33,80014,133],{"class":47},[33,80016,1879],{"class":129},[33,80018,133],{"class":47},[33,80020,1530],{"class":162},[33,80022,733],{"class":47},[14,80024,207],{},[23,80026,80028],{"className":25,"code":80027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[30,80029,80030],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80031,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80033,217],{"class":47},[33,80035,236],{"class":79},[33,80037,52],{"class":83},[33,80039,236],{"class":79},[33,80041,55],{"class":47},[33,80043,245],{"class":79},[33,80045,2234],{"class":83},[33,80047,236],{"class":79},[33,80049,55],{"class":47},[33,80051,245],{"class":79},[33,80053,2240],{"class":83},[33,80055,236],{"class":79},[33,80057,55],{"class":47},[33,80059,245],{"class":79},[33,80061,2679],{"class":83},[33,80063,236],{"class":79},[33,80065,66],{"class":47},[14,80067,672,80068,80071,80072,80074],{},[30,80069,80070],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[30,80073,305],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[18,80076,3848,80078,3851],{"id":80077},"what-map-does",[30,80079,39871],{},[14,80081,80082,80084],{},[30,80083,39871],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80086,80087,80088,80090],{},"An ",[205,80089,3892],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[316,80092,80093,80095,80097,80099],{},[319,80094,38056],{},[319,80096,38059],{},[319,80098,38062],{},[319,80100,80101],{},"a range object",[14,80103,30879],{},[23,80105,80107],{"className":25,"code":80106,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"map(function, iterable)\n",[30,80108,80109],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80110,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80112,40014],{"class":156},[33,80114,133],{"class":47},[33,80116,38015],{"class":162},[33,80118,55],{"class":47},[33,80120,38020],{"class":162},[33,80122,143],{"class":47},[14,80124,80125],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80127,80128,80129,33897],{},"Important: the result is a ",[205,80130,79953],{},[14,80132,80133,80134,310],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[273,80135,5301],{"href":5300},[18,80137,2334],{"id":2333},[14,80139,80140,80142],{},[30,80141,39871],{}," needs at least two parts:",[316,80144,80145,80151],{},[319,80146,80147,80150],{},[205,80148,80149],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[319,80152,80153,80156],{},[205,80154,80155],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80158,3877],{},[23,80160,80161],{"className":25,"code":80106,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,80162,80163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80164,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80166,40014],{"class":156},[33,80168,133],{"class":47},[33,80170,38015],{"class":162},[33,80172,55],{"class":47},[33,80174,38020],{"class":162},[33,80176,143],{"class":47},[14,80178,80179],{},"You can pass:",[316,80181,80182,80191,80194],{},[319,80183,80184,80185,1931,80187,2370,80189],{},"built-in functions like ",[30,80186,3617],{},[30,80188,2366],{},[30,80190,2194],{},[319,80192,80193],{},"your own custom function",[319,80195,80196],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80198,80199],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80201,80202,80203,80205],{},"You will often see ",[30,80204,39871],{}," used like this:",[23,80207,80209],{"className":25,"code":80208,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list(map(function, values))\n",[30,80210,80211],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80212,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80214,1879],{"class":129},[33,80216,133],{"class":47},[33,80218,40014],{"class":156},[33,80220,133],{"class":47},[33,80222,38015],{"class":162},[33,80224,55],{"class":47},[33,80226,4056],{"class":162},[33,80228,733],{"class":47},[14,80230,6835,80231,80233],{},[30,80232,305],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[18,80235,11627],{"id":11626},[14,80237,80238],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[23,80240,80242],{"className":25,"code":80241,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,80243,80244,80264,80282,80286],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80245,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80247,40],{"class":39},[33,80249,44],{"class":43},[33,80251,48],{"class":47},[33,80253,538],{"class":51},[33,80255,55],{"class":47},[33,80257,7949],{"class":51},[33,80259,55],{"class":47},[33,80261,7954],{"class":51},[33,80263,66],{"class":47},[33,80265,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,80267,1506],{"class":39},[33,80269,44],{"class":43},[33,80271,79998],{"class":156},[33,80273,133],{"class":47},[33,80275,3617],{"class":129},[33,80277,55],{"class":47},[33,80279,4430],{"class":162},[33,80281,143],{"class":47},[33,80283,80284],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80285,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80287,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296,80298],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,80289,157],{"class":156},[33,80291,133],{"class":47},[33,80293,1879],{"class":129},[33,80295,133],{"class":47},[33,80297,1530],{"class":162},[33,80299,733],{"class":47},[14,80301,207],{},[23,80303,80305],{"className":25,"code":80304,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[30,80306,80307],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80308,80309,80311,80313,80315,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80310,217],{"class":47},[33,80312,236],{"class":79},[33,80314,538],{"class":83},[33,80316,236],{"class":79},[33,80318,55],{"class":47},[33,80320,245],{"class":79},[33,80322,15906],{"class":83},[33,80324,236],{"class":79},[33,80326,55],{"class":47},[33,80328,245],{"class":79},[33,80330,36995],{"class":83},[33,80332,236],{"class":79},[33,80334,66],{"class":47},[14,80336,11836],{},[316,80338,80339,80344,80352,80360,80368],{},[319,80340,80341,80343],{},[30,80342,163],{}," contains integers",[319,80345,80346,80349,80350],{},[30,80347,80348],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[30,80351,47837],{},[319,80353,80354,42308,80357],{},[30,80355,80356],{},"str(10)",[30,80358,80359],{},"'10'",[319,80361,80362,42308,80365],{},[30,80363,80364],{},"str(20)",[30,80366,80367],{},"'20'",[319,80369,80370,42308,80373],{},[30,80371,80372],{},"str(30)",[30,80374,80375],{},"'30'",[14,80377,53802,80378,80380,80381,80383],{},[30,80379,39871],{}," applies ",[30,80382,47837],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80385,80386,80387,80389,80390,310],{},"If you want to understand ",[30,80388,305],{}," better, see ",[273,80391,2076,80392,3683],{"href":64823},[30,80393,305],{},[18,80395,1357,80397,80399],{"id":80396},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[30,80398,39871],{}," with your own function",[14,80401,15866,80402,80404],{},[30,80403,39871],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[23,80406,80408],{"className":25,"code":80407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,80409,80410,80423,80433,80437,80461,80480,80484],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80411,80412,80414,80417,80419,80421],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80413,35007],{"class":1430},[33,80415,80416],{"class":35010}," double",[33,80418,133],{"class":47},[33,80420,2351],{"class":37817},[33,80422,8498],{"class":47},[33,80424,80425,80427,80429,80431],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,80426,35018],{"class":4046},[33,80428,4050],{"class":39},[33,80430,40027],{"class":43},[33,80432,45743],{"class":51},[33,80434,80435],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80436,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80438,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,80440,40],{"class":39},[33,80442,44],{"class":43},[33,80444,48],{"class":47},[33,80446,52],{"class":51},[33,80448,55],{"class":47},[33,80450,58],{"class":51},[33,80452,55],{"class":47},[33,80454,63],{"class":51},[33,80456,55],{"class":47},[33,80458,1132],{"class":51},[33,80460,66],{"class":47},[33,80462,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80474,80476,80478],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,80464,1506],{"class":39},[33,80466,44],{"class":43},[33,80468,79998],{"class":156},[33,80470,133],{"class":47},[33,80472,80473],{"class":162},"double",[33,80475,55],{"class":47},[33,80477,4430],{"class":162},[33,80479,143],{"class":47},[33,80481,80482],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,80483,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80485,80486,80488,80490,80492,80494,80496],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,80487,157],{"class":156},[33,80489,133],{"class":47},[33,80491,1879],{"class":129},[33,80493,133],{"class":47},[33,80495,1530],{"class":162},[33,80497,733],{"class":47},[14,80499,207],{},[23,80501,80502],{"className":25,"code":40040,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,80503,80504],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80505,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80507,217],{"class":47},[33,80509,2234],{"class":51},[33,80511,55],{"class":47},[33,80513,1132],{"class":51},[33,80515,55],{"class":47},[33,80517,37798],{"class":51},[33,80519,55],{"class":47},[33,80521,6519],{"class":51},[33,80523,66],{"class":47},[14,80525,65560],{},[316,80527,80528,80535,80541],{},[319,80529,80530,80532,80533],{},[30,80531,39871],{}," takes the function ",[30,80534,80473],{},[319,80536,80537,80538,80540],{},"it sends each item from ",[30,80539,163],{}," into that function",[319,80542,80543],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80545,80546],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[316,80548,80549,80556,80563,80571],{},[319,80550,80551,6231,80554],{},[30,80552,80553],{},"double(1)",[30,80555,2234],{},[319,80557,80558,6231,80561],{},[30,80559,80560],{},"double(2)",[30,80562,2679],{},[319,80564,80565,6231,80568],{},[30,80566,80567],{},"double(3)",[30,80569,80570],{},"6",[319,80572,80573,6231,80576],{},[30,80574,80575],{},"double(4)",[30,80577,2520],{},[18,80579,1357,80581,80583],{"id":80580},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[30,80582,39871],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80585,80586,80588],{},[30,80587,39871],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80590,80591],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80593,367],{},[23,80595,80597],{"className":25,"code":80596,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,80598,80599,80616,80626,80630,80651,80672,80676,80701,80705],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80600,80601,80603,80606,80608,80610,80612,80614],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80602,35007],{"class":1430},[33,80604,80605],{"class":35010}," add_numbers",[33,80607,133],{"class":47},[33,80609,273],{"class":37817},[33,80611,55],{"class":47},[33,80613,2734],{"class":37817},[33,80615,8498],{"class":47},[33,80617,80618,80620,80622,80624],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,80619,35018],{"class":4046},[33,80621,44698],{"class":39},[33,80623,2237],{"class":43},[33,80625,36336],{"class":39},[33,80627,80628],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80629,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80631,80632,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,80633,80634],{"class":39},"list1 ",[33,80636,44],{"class":43},[33,80638,48],{"class":47},[33,80640,52],{"class":51},[33,80642,55],{"class":47},[33,80644,58],{"class":51},[33,80646,55],{"class":47},[33,80648,63],{"class":51},[33,80650,66],{"class":47},[33,80652,80653,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,80654,80655],{"class":39},"list2 ",[33,80657,44],{"class":43},[33,80659,48],{"class":47},[33,80661,538],{"class":51},[33,80663,55],{"class":47},[33,80665,7949],{"class":51},[33,80667,55],{"class":47},[33,80669,7954],{"class":51},[33,80671,66],{"class":47},[33,80673,80674],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,80675,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80689,80691,80694,80696,80699],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,80679,1506],{"class":39},[33,80681,44],{"class":43},[33,80683,79998],{"class":156},[33,80685,133],{"class":47},[33,80687,80688],{"class":162},"add_numbers",[33,80690,55],{"class":47},[33,80692,80693],{"class":162}," list1",[33,80695,55],{"class":47},[33,80697,80698],{"class":162}," list2",[33,80700,143],{"class":47},[33,80702,80703],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,80704,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80706,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,80708,157],{"class":156},[33,80710,133],{"class":47},[33,80712,1879],{"class":129},[33,80714,133],{"class":47},[33,80716,1530],{"class":162},[33,80718,733],{"class":47},[14,80720,207],{},[23,80722,80724],{"className":25,"code":80723,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[30,80725,80726],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80727,80728,80730,80733,80735,80738,80740,80743],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80729,217],{"class":47},[33,80731,80732],{"class":51},"11",[33,80734,55],{"class":47},[33,80736,80737],{"class":51}," 22",[33,80739,55],{"class":47},[33,80741,80742],{"class":51}," 33",[33,80744,66],{"class":47},[14,80746,2356],{},[316,80748,80749,80755,80761],{},[319,80750,80751,80752],{},"the first values are used together: ",[30,80753,80754],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[319,80756,80757,80758],{},"then ",[30,80759,80760],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[319,80762,80757,80763],{},[30,80764,80765],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[664,80767,80769,80771],{"id":80768},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[30,80770,39871],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80773,80774,80775,80777],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[30,80776,39871],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[23,80779,80781],{"className":25,"code":80780,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,80782,80783,80799,80809,80813,80837,80853,80857,80879,80883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80784,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80786,35007],{"class":1430},[33,80788,80605],{"class":35010},[33,80790,133],{"class":47},[33,80792,273],{"class":37817},[33,80794,55],{"class":47},[33,80796,2734],{"class":37817},[33,80798,8498],{"class":47},[33,80800,80801,80803,80805,80807],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,80802,35018],{"class":4046},[33,80804,44698],{"class":39},[33,80806,2237],{"class":43},[33,80808,36336],{"class":39},[33,80810,80811],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80812,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80814,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,80816,80634],{"class":39},[33,80818,44],{"class":43},[33,80820,48],{"class":47},[33,80822,52],{"class":51},[33,80824,55],{"class":47},[33,80826,58],{"class":51},[33,80828,55],{"class":47},[33,80830,63],{"class":51},[33,80832,55],{"class":47},[33,80834,1132],{"class":51},[33,80836,66],{"class":47},[33,80838,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,80840,80655],{"class":39},[33,80842,44],{"class":43},[33,80844,48],{"class":47},[33,80846,538],{"class":51},[33,80848,55],{"class":47},[33,80850,7949],{"class":51},[33,80852,66],{"class":47},[33,80854,80855],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,80856,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80858,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,80860,1506],{"class":39},[33,80862,44],{"class":43},[33,80864,79998],{"class":156},[33,80866,133],{"class":47},[33,80868,80688],{"class":162},[33,80870,55],{"class":47},[33,80872,80693],{"class":162},[33,80874,55],{"class":47},[33,80876,80698],{"class":162},[33,80878,143],{"class":47},[33,80880,80881],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,80882,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80884,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,80886,157],{"class":156},[33,80888,133],{"class":47},[33,80890,1879],{"class":129},[33,80892,133],{"class":47},[33,80894,1530],{"class":162},[33,80896,733],{"class":47},[14,80898,207],{},[23,80900,80902],{"className":25,"code":80901,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[11, 22]\n",[30,80903,80904],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80905,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80907,217],{"class":47},[33,80909,80732],{"class":51},[33,80911,55],{"class":47},[33,80913,80737],{"class":51},[33,80915,66],{"class":47},[14,80917,80918,80919,80922],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[30,80920,80921],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[18,80924,80926,80928],{"id":80925},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[30,80927,39871],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80930,38178,80931,80933],{},[30,80932,39871],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80935,80936,80937,80940],{},"This object is ",[205,80938,80939],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[664,80942,2663,80944,80946],{"id":80943},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[30,80945,33182],{}," looks strange",[14,80948,33798],{},[23,80950,80952],{"className":25,"code":80951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,80953,80954,80974,80992,80996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,80957,40],{"class":39},[33,80959,44],{"class":43},[33,80961,48],{"class":47},[33,80963,52],{"class":51},[33,80965,55],{"class":47},[33,80967,58],{"class":51},[33,80969,55],{"class":47},[33,80971,63],{"class":51},[33,80973,66],{"class":47},[33,80975,80976,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,80977,1506],{"class":39},[33,80979,44],{"class":43},[33,80981,79998],{"class":156},[33,80983,133],{"class":47},[33,80985,3617],{"class":129},[33,80987,55],{"class":47},[33,80989,4430],{"class":162},[33,80991,143],{"class":47},[33,80993,80994],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,80995,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,80997,80998,81000,81002,81004],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,80999,157],{"class":156},[33,81001,133],{"class":47},[33,81003,1530],{"class":162},[33,81005,143],{"class":47},[14,81007,81008],{},"Output will look something like this:",[23,81010,81012],{"className":25,"code":81011,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[30,81013,81014],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81015,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81017,1427],{"class":43},[33,81019,40014],{"class":156},[33,81021,24771],{"class":129},[33,81023,37518],{"class":39},[33,81025,37522],{"class":37521},[33,81027,37525],{"class":34609},[33,81029,1441],{"class":43},[14,81031,81032],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81034,81035],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[23,81037,81039],{"className":25,"code":81038,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,81040,81041,81061,81079,81083],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81042,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81044,40],{"class":39},[33,81046,44],{"class":43},[33,81048,48],{"class":47},[33,81050,52],{"class":51},[33,81052,55],{"class":47},[33,81054,58],{"class":51},[33,81056,55],{"class":47},[33,81058,63],{"class":51},[33,81060,66],{"class":47},[33,81062,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81064,1506],{"class":39},[33,81066,44],{"class":43},[33,81068,79998],{"class":156},[33,81070,133],{"class":47},[33,81072,3617],{"class":129},[33,81074,55],{"class":47},[33,81076,4430],{"class":162},[33,81078,143],{"class":47},[33,81080,81081],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81082,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81086,157],{"class":156},[33,81088,133],{"class":47},[33,81090,1879],{"class":129},[33,81092,133],{"class":47},[33,81094,1530],{"class":162},[33,81096,733],{"class":47},[14,81098,207],{},[23,81100,81102],{"className":25,"code":81101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[30,81103,81104],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81105,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81107,217],{"class":47},[33,81109,236],{"class":79},[33,81111,52],{"class":83},[33,81113,236],{"class":79},[33,81115,55],{"class":47},[33,81117,245],{"class":79},[33,81119,2234],{"class":83},[33,81121,236],{"class":79},[33,81123,55],{"class":47},[33,81125,245],{"class":79},[33,81127,2240],{"class":83},[33,81129,236],{"class":79},[33,81131,66],{"class":47},[664,81133,81135],{"id":81134},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[23,81137,81139],{"className":25,"code":81138,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[30,81140,81141,81161,81179,81183,81196],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81142,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81144,40],{"class":39},[33,81146,44],{"class":43},[33,81148,48],{"class":47},[33,81150,52],{"class":51},[33,81152,55],{"class":47},[33,81154,58],{"class":51},[33,81156,55],{"class":47},[33,81158,63],{"class":51},[33,81160,66],{"class":47},[33,81162,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81164,1506],{"class":39},[33,81166,44],{"class":43},[33,81168,79998],{"class":156},[33,81170,133],{"class":47},[33,81172,3617],{"class":129},[33,81174,55],{"class":47},[33,81176,4430],{"class":162},[33,81178,143],{"class":47},[33,81180,81181],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81182,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81184,81185,81187,81189,81191,81194],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81186,6117],{"class":4046},[33,81188,6120],{"class":39},[33,81190,4053],{"class":4046},[33,81192,81193],{"class":39}," result",[33,81195,6553],{"class":47},[33,81197,81198,81200,81202,81204],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,81199,8227],{"class":156},[33,81201,133],{"class":47},[33,81203,23464],{"class":162},[33,81205,143],{"class":47},[14,81207,207],{},[23,81209,81211],{"className":25,"code":81210,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1\n2\n3\n",[30,81212,81213,81217,81221],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81214,81215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81216,47071],{"class":51},[33,81218,81219],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81220,17209],{"class":51},[33,81222,81223],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81224,46771],{"class":51},[664,81226,81228],{"id":81227},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81230,81231],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[23,81233,81235],{"className":25,"code":81234,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,81236,81237,81257,81275,81279,81293],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81238,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81240,40],{"class":39},[33,81242,44],{"class":43},[33,81244,48],{"class":47},[33,81246,52],{"class":51},[33,81248,55],{"class":47},[33,81250,58],{"class":51},[33,81252,55],{"class":47},[33,81254,63],{"class":51},[33,81256,66],{"class":47},[33,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81260,1506],{"class":39},[33,81262,44],{"class":43},[33,81264,79998],{"class":156},[33,81266,133],{"class":47},[33,81268,3617],{"class":129},[33,81270,55],{"class":47},[33,81272,4430],{"class":162},[33,81274,143],{"class":47},[33,81276,81277],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81278,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81280,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81282,157],{"class":156},[33,81284,133],{"class":47},[33,81286,1879],{"class":129},[33,81288,133],{"class":47},[33,81290,1530],{"class":162},[33,81292,733],{"class":47},[33,81294,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,81296,157],{"class":156},[33,81298,133],{"class":47},[33,81300,1879],{"class":129},[33,81302,133],{"class":47},[33,81304,1530],{"class":162},[33,81306,733],{"class":47},[14,81308,207],{},[23,81310,81312],{"className":25,"code":81311,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[30,81313,81314,81342],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81315,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81317,217],{"class":47},[33,81319,236],{"class":79},[33,81321,52],{"class":83},[33,81323,236],{"class":79},[33,81325,55],{"class":47},[33,81327,245],{"class":79},[33,81329,2234],{"class":83},[33,81331,236],{"class":79},[33,81333,55],{"class":47},[33,81335,245],{"class":79},[33,81337,2240],{"class":83},[33,81339,236],{"class":79},[33,81341,66],{"class":47},[33,81343,81344],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81345,264],{"class":47},[14,81347,81348],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81350,81351],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[23,81353,81355],{"className":25,"code":81354,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[30,81356,81357,81377,81399,81403,81413],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81358,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371,81373,81375],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81360,40],{"class":39},[33,81362,44],{"class":43},[33,81364,48],{"class":47},[33,81366,52],{"class":51},[33,81368,55],{"class":47},[33,81370,58],{"class":51},[33,81372,55],{"class":47},[33,81374,63],{"class":51},[33,81376,66],{"class":47},[33,81378,81379,81381,81383,81385,81387,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81380,1506],{"class":39},[33,81382,44],{"class":43},[33,81384,130],{"class":129},[33,81386,133],{"class":47},[33,81388,40014],{"class":156},[33,81390,133],{"class":47},[33,81392,3617],{"class":129},[33,81394,55],{"class":47},[33,81396,4430],{"class":162},[33,81398,733],{"class":47},[33,81400,81401],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81402,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81404,81405,81407,81409,81411],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81406,157],{"class":156},[33,81408,133],{"class":47},[33,81410,1530],{"class":162},[33,81412,143],{"class":47},[33,81414,81415,81417,81419,81421],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,81416,157],{"class":156},[33,81418,133],{"class":47},[33,81420,1530],{"class":162},[33,81422,143],{"class":47},[14,81424,207],{},[23,81426,81428],{"className":25,"code":81427,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[30,81429,81430,81458],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81431,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81433,217],{"class":47},[33,81435,236],{"class":79},[33,81437,52],{"class":83},[33,81439,236],{"class":79},[33,81441,55],{"class":47},[33,81443,245],{"class":79},[33,81445,2234],{"class":83},[33,81447,236],{"class":79},[33,81449,55],{"class":47},[33,81451,245],{"class":79},[33,81453,2240],{"class":83},[33,81455,236],{"class":79},[33,81457,66],{"class":47},[33,81459,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81461,217],{"class":47},[33,81463,236],{"class":79},[33,81465,52],{"class":83},[33,81467,236],{"class":79},[33,81469,55],{"class":47},[33,81471,245],{"class":79},[33,81473,2234],{"class":83},[33,81475,236],{"class":79},[33,81477,55],{"class":47},[33,81479,245],{"class":79},[33,81481,2240],{"class":83},[33,81483,236],{"class":79},[33,81485,66],{"class":47},[18,81487,5127,81489],{"id":81488},"when-to-use-map",[30,81490,39871],{},[14,81492,81493,81495],{},[30,81494,39871],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81497,81498],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[316,81500,81501,81505,81509],{},[319,81502,81503],{},[30,81504,3617],{},[319,81506,81507],{},[30,81508,2366],{},[319,81510,81511],{},[30,81512,2194],{},[14,81514,367],{},[23,81516,81518],{"className":25,"code":81517,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,81519,81520,81552,81574,81578],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81521,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81523,1071],{"class":39},[33,81525,44],{"class":43},[33,81527,48],{"class":47},[33,81529,236],{"class":79},[33,81531,52],{"class":83},[33,81533,236],{"class":79},[33,81535,55],{"class":47},[33,81537,245],{"class":79},[33,81539,2234],{"class":83},[33,81541,236],{"class":79},[33,81543,55],{"class":47},[33,81545,245],{"class":79},[33,81547,2240],{"class":83},[33,81549,236],{"class":79},[33,81551,66],{"class":47},[33,81553,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566,81568,81570,81572],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81555,40],{"class":39},[33,81557,44],{"class":43},[33,81559,130],{"class":129},[33,81561,133],{"class":47},[33,81563,40014],{"class":156},[33,81565,133],{"class":47},[33,81567,2366],{"class":129},[33,81569,55],{"class":47},[33,81571,4056],{"class":162},[33,81573,733],{"class":47},[33,81575,81576],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81577,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81581,157],{"class":156},[33,81583,133],{"class":47},[33,81585,163],{"class":162},[33,81587,143],{"class":47},[14,81589,207],{},[23,81591,81592],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,81593,81594],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81595,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81597,217],{"class":47},[33,81599,52],{"class":51},[33,81601,55],{"class":47},[33,81603,58],{"class":51},[33,81605,55],{"class":47},[33,81607,63],{"class":51},[33,81609,66],{"class":47},[14,81611,81612],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81614,81615],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[23,81617,81619],{"className":25,"code":81618,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[30,81620,81621,81641,81663],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81622,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81624,40],{"class":39},[33,81626,44],{"class":43},[33,81628,48],{"class":47},[33,81630,52],{"class":51},[33,81632,55],{"class":47},[33,81634,58],{"class":51},[33,81636,55],{"class":47},[33,81638,63],{"class":51},[33,81640,66],{"class":47},[33,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81644,1506],{"class":39},[33,81646,44],{"class":43},[33,81648,130],{"class":129},[33,81650,133],{"class":47},[33,81652,40014],{"class":156},[33,81654,133],{"class":47},[33,81656,3617],{"class":129},[33,81658,55],{"class":47},[33,81660,4430],{"class":162},[33,81662,733],{"class":47},[33,81664,81665,81667,81669,81671],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81666,157],{"class":156},[33,81668,133],{"class":47},[33,81670,1530],{"class":162},[33,81672,143],{"class":47},[23,81674,81676],{"className":25,"code":81675,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[30,81677,81678,81698,81725],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81681,40],{"class":39},[33,81683,44],{"class":43},[33,81685,48],{"class":47},[33,81687,52],{"class":51},[33,81689,55],{"class":47},[33,81691,58],{"class":51},[33,81693,55],{"class":47},[33,81695,63],{"class":51},[33,81697,66],{"class":47},[33,81699,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81719,81721,81723],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81701,1506],{"class":39},[33,81703,44],{"class":43},[33,81705,48],{"class":47},[33,81707,3617],{"class":129},[33,81709,133],{"class":47},[33,81711,76006],{"class":162},[33,81713,3831],{"class":47},[33,81715,4047],{"class":4046},[33,81717,81718],{"class":39}," n ",[33,81720,4053],{"class":4046},[33,81722,4430],{"class":39},[33,81724,66],{"class":47},[33,81726,81727,81729,81731,81733],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81728,157],{"class":156},[33,81730,133],{"class":47},[33,81732,1530],{"class":162},[33,81734,143],{"class":47},[14,81736,81737],{},"Both produce:",[23,81739,81740],{"className":25,"code":81101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,81741,81742],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81743,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81745,217],{"class":47},[33,81747,236],{"class":79},[33,81749,52],{"class":83},[33,81751,236],{"class":79},[33,81753,55],{"class":47},[33,81755,245],{"class":79},[33,81757,2234],{"class":83},[33,81759,236],{"class":79},[33,81761,55],{"class":47},[33,81763,245],{"class":79},[33,81765,2240],{"class":83},[33,81767,236],{"class":79},[33,81769,66],{"class":47},[14,81771,81772],{},"A simple rule:",[316,81774,81775,81780,81785],{},[319,81776,40145,81777,81779],{},[30,81778,39871],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[319,81781,40151,81782,81784],{},[30,81783,6117],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[319,81786,81787],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81789,81790,81791,310],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[273,81792,4560],{"href":4559},[18,81794,1288],{"id":1287},[664,81796,81798,81799],{"id":81797},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[30,81800,305],{},[14,81802,81803],{},"This is very common:",[23,81805,81806],{"className":25,"code":80951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,81807,81808,81828,81846,81850],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81809,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81811,40],{"class":39},[33,81813,44],{"class":43},[33,81815,48],{"class":47},[33,81817,52],{"class":51},[33,81819,55],{"class":47},[33,81821,58],{"class":51},[33,81823,55],{"class":47},[33,81825,63],{"class":51},[33,81827,66],{"class":47},[33,81829,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81831,1506],{"class":39},[33,81833,44],{"class":43},[33,81835,79998],{"class":156},[33,81837,133],{"class":47},[33,81839,3617],{"class":129},[33,81841,55],{"class":47},[33,81843,4430],{"class":162},[33,81845,143],{"class":47},[33,81847,81848],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81849,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81853,157],{"class":156},[33,81855,133],{"class":47},[33,81857,1530],{"class":162},[33,81859,143],{"class":47},[14,81861,81862],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81864,39416],{},[23,81866,81868],{"className":25,"code":81867,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(result))\n",[30,81869,81870],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81871,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81873,157],{"class":156},[33,81875,133],{"class":47},[33,81877,1879],{"class":129},[33,81879,133],{"class":47},[33,81881,1530],{"class":162},[33,81883,733],{"class":47},[664,81885,81887],{"id":81886},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81889,16796],{},[23,81891,81893],{"className":25,"code":81892,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[30,81894,81895,81915],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81896,81897,81899,81901,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81898,40],{"class":39},[33,81900,44],{"class":43},[33,81902,48],{"class":47},[33,81904,52],{"class":51},[33,81906,55],{"class":47},[33,81908,58],{"class":51},[33,81910,55],{"class":47},[33,81912,63],{"class":51},[33,81914,66],{"class":47},[33,81916,81917,81919,81921,81923,81925,81927,81930,81932],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81918,1506],{"class":39},[33,81920,44],{"class":43},[33,81922,79998],{"class":156},[33,81924,133],{"class":47},[33,81926,3617],{"class":129},[33,81928,81929],{"class":47},"(),",[33,81931,4430],{"class":162},[33,81933,143],{"class":47},[14,81935,81936,81937,81939,81940,81942],{},"This is wrong because ",[30,81938,47837],{}," is being called immediately. ",[30,81941,39871],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81944,16808],{},[23,81946,81947],{"className":25,"code":81038,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,81948,81949,81969,81987,81991],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,81950,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,81952,40],{"class":39},[33,81954,44],{"class":43},[33,81956,48],{"class":47},[33,81958,52],{"class":51},[33,81960,55],{"class":47},[33,81962,58],{"class":51},[33,81964,55],{"class":47},[33,81966,63],{"class":51},[33,81968,66],{"class":47},[33,81970,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,81972,1506],{"class":39},[33,81974,44],{"class":43},[33,81976,79998],{"class":156},[33,81978,133],{"class":47},[33,81980,3617],{"class":129},[33,81982,55],{"class":47},[33,81984,4430],{"class":162},[33,81986,143],{"class":47},[33,81988,81989],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,81990,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,81992,81993,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,81994,157],{"class":156},[33,81996,133],{"class":47},[33,81998,1879],{"class":129},[33,82000,133],{"class":47},[33,82002,1530],{"class":162},[33,82004,733],{"class":47},[664,82006,82008],{"id":82007},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82010,82011],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82013,16796],{},[23,82015,82017],{"className":25,"code":82016,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,82018,82019,82036,82046,82050,82070,82089,82093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82020,82021,82023,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82022,35007],{"class":1430},[33,82024,82025],{"class":35010}," add",[33,82027,133],{"class":47},[33,82029,273],{"class":37817},[33,82031,55],{"class":47},[33,82033,2734],{"class":37817},[33,82035,8498],{"class":47},[33,82037,82038,82040,82042,82044],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82039,35018],{"class":4046},[33,82041,44698],{"class":39},[33,82043,2237],{"class":43},[33,82045,36336],{"class":39},[33,82047,82048],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82049,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82051,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82053,40],{"class":39},[33,82055,44],{"class":43},[33,82057,48],{"class":47},[33,82059,52],{"class":51},[33,82061,55],{"class":47},[33,82063,58],{"class":51},[33,82065,55],{"class":47},[33,82067,63],{"class":51},[33,82069,66],{"class":47},[33,82071,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82083,82085,82087],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82073,1506],{"class":39},[33,82075,44],{"class":43},[33,82077,79998],{"class":156},[33,82079,133],{"class":47},[33,82081,82082],{"class":162},"add",[33,82084,55],{"class":47},[33,82086,4430],{"class":162},[33,82088,143],{"class":47},[33,82090,82091],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,82092,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82094,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,82096,157],{"class":156},[33,82098,133],{"class":47},[33,82100,1879],{"class":129},[33,82102,133],{"class":47},[33,82104,1530],{"class":162},[33,82106,733],{"class":47},[14,82108,16808],{},[23,82110,82112],{"className":25,"code":82111,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[30,82113,82114,82130,82140,82144,82164,82184,82206,82210],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82115,82116,82118,82120,82122,82124,82126,82128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82117,35007],{"class":1430},[33,82119,82025],{"class":35010},[33,82121,133],{"class":47},[33,82123,273],{"class":37817},[33,82125,55],{"class":47},[33,82127,2734],{"class":37817},[33,82129,8498],{"class":47},[33,82131,82132,82134,82136,82138],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82133,35018],{"class":4046},[33,82135,44698],{"class":39},[33,82137,2237],{"class":43},[33,82139,36336],{"class":39},[33,82141,82142],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82143,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82145,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160,82162],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82147,80634],{"class":39},[33,82149,44],{"class":43},[33,82151,48],{"class":47},[33,82153,52],{"class":51},[33,82155,55],{"class":47},[33,82157,58],{"class":51},[33,82159,55],{"class":47},[33,82161,63],{"class":51},[33,82163,66],{"class":47},[33,82165,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174,82176,82178,82180,82182],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82167,80655],{"class":39},[33,82169,44],{"class":43},[33,82171,48],{"class":47},[33,82173,538],{"class":51},[33,82175,55],{"class":47},[33,82177,7949],{"class":51},[33,82179,55],{"class":47},[33,82181,7954],{"class":51},[33,82183,66],{"class":47},[33,82185,82186,82188,82190,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,82187,1506],{"class":39},[33,82189,44],{"class":43},[33,82191,79998],{"class":156},[33,82193,133],{"class":47},[33,82195,82082],{"class":162},[33,82197,55],{"class":47},[33,82199,80693],{"class":162},[33,82201,55],{"class":47},[33,82203,80698],{"class":162},[33,82205,143],{"class":47},[33,82207,82208],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,82209,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82211,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,82213,157],{"class":156},[33,82215,133],{"class":47},[33,82217,1879],{"class":129},[33,82219,133],{"class":47},[33,82221,1530],{"class":162},[33,82223,733],{"class":47},[664,82225,82227],{"id":82226},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82229,16796],{},[23,82231,82232],{"className":25,"code":81234,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,82233,82234,82254,82272,82276,82290],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82235,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82237,40],{"class":39},[33,82239,44],{"class":43},[33,82241,48],{"class":47},[33,82243,52],{"class":51},[33,82245,55],{"class":47},[33,82247,58],{"class":51},[33,82249,55],{"class":47},[33,82251,63],{"class":51},[33,82253,66],{"class":47},[33,82255,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82257,1506],{"class":39},[33,82259,44],{"class":43},[33,82261,79998],{"class":156},[33,82263,133],{"class":47},[33,82265,3617],{"class":129},[33,82267,55],{"class":47},[33,82269,4430],{"class":162},[33,82271,143],{"class":47},[33,82273,82274],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82275,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82279,157],{"class":156},[33,82281,133],{"class":47},[33,82283,1879],{"class":129},[33,82285,133],{"class":47},[33,82287,1530],{"class":162},[33,82289,733],{"class":47},[33,82291,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82293,157],{"class":156},[33,82295,133],{"class":47},[33,82297,1879],{"class":129},[33,82299,133],{"class":47},[33,82301,1530],{"class":162},[33,82303,733],{"class":47},[14,82305,82306],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82308,82309],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[18,82311,67871],{"id":67870},[14,82313,9031,82314,82316],{},[30,82315,39871],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[23,82318,82320],{"className":25,"code":82319,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[30,82321,82322,82332,82346,82360,82372],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82323,82324,82326,82328,82330],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82325,157],{"class":156},[33,82327,133],{"class":47},[33,82329,1530],{"class":162},[33,82331,143],{"class":47},[33,82333,82334,82336,82338,82340,82342,82344],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82335,157],{"class":156},[33,82337,133],{"class":47},[33,82339,1879],{"class":129},[33,82341,133],{"class":47},[33,82343,1530],{"class":162},[33,82345,733],{"class":47},[33,82347,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82349,157],{"class":156},[33,82351,133],{"class":47},[33,82353,1406],{"class":129},[33,82355,133],{"class":47},[33,82357,1530],{"class":162},[33,82359,733],{"class":47},[33,82361,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82363,6117],{"class":4046},[33,82365,6120],{"class":39},[33,82367,4053],{"class":4046},[33,82369,81193],{"class":39},[33,82371,6553],{"class":47},[33,82373,82374,82376,82378,82380],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82375,8227],{"class":156},[33,82377,133],{"class":47},[33,82379,23464],{"class":162},[33,82381,143],{"class":47},[14,82383,12825],{},[316,82385,82386,82391,82396,82402],{},[319,82387,82388,82390],{},[30,82389,33182],{}," shows that you have a map object",[319,82392,82393,82395],{},[30,82394,33190],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[319,82397,82398,82401],{},[30,82399,82400],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[319,82403,82404,82405,82407],{},"looping over ",[30,82406,1530],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82409,82410,82411,82414,82415,82417],{},"Be careful: ",[30,82412,82413],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[30,82416,6117],{}," loop consume the map object.",[18,82419,1961],{"id":1960},[664,82421,12857,82423,82425],{"id":82422},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[30,82424,39871],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82427,82428,82429,82431,82432,24092],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[30,82430,39871],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[30,82433,82434],{},"list(map(...))",[664,82436,15057,82438,82440,82441,82443],{"id":82437},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[30,82439,39871],{}," better than a ",[30,82442,6117],{}," loop?",[14,82445,82446,82447,82449,82450,82452],{},"Not always. ",[30,82448,39871],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[30,82451,6117],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[664,82454,5334,82456,82458],{"id":82455},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[30,82457,39871],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82460,82461],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[664,82463,82465],{"id":82464},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82467,82468],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[18,82470,2045],{"id":2044},[316,82472,82473,82479,82485,82489,82493],{},[319,82474,82475],{},[273,82476,2076,82477,3683],{"href":40240},[30,82478,37730],{},[319,82480,82481],{},[273,82482,2076,82483,3683],{"href":64823},[30,82484,305],{},[319,82486,82487],{},[273,82488,5385],{"href":5296},[319,82490,82491],{},[273,82492,5390],{"href":4559},[319,82494,82495],{},[273,82496,5380],{"href":5300},[2097,82498,82499],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":82501},[82502,82503,82505,82506,82507,82509,82514,82521,82523,82530,82531,82540],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":80077,"depth":69,"text":82504},"What map() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":80396,"depth":69,"text":82508},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80580,"depth":69,"text":82510,"children":82511},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82512],{"id":80768,"depth":110,"text":82513},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80925,"depth":69,"text":82515,"children":82516},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82517,82519,82520],{"id":80943,"depth":110,"text":82518},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81134,"depth":110,"text":81135},{"id":81227,"depth":110,"text":81228},{"id":81488,"depth":69,"text":82522},"When to use map()",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":82524},[82525,82527,82528,82529],{"id":81797,"depth":110,"text":82526},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81886,"depth":110,"text":81887},{"id":82007,"depth":110,"text":82008},{"id":82226,"depth":110,"text":82227},{"id":67870,"depth":69,"text":67871},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":82532},[82533,82535,82537,82539],{"id":82422,"depth":110,"text":82534},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82437,"depth":110,"text":82536},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82455,"depth":110,"text":82538},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82464,"depth":110,"text":82465},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79909,"description":82541},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82548,"title":82549,"body":82550,"description":84570,"extension":2138,"meta":84571,"navigation":149,"path":84572,"seo":84573,"stem":84574,"__hash__":84575},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82551,"toc":84528},[82552,82558,82563,82566,82574,82577,82579,82703,82705,82723,82725,82745,82750,82754,82768,82771,82774,82776,82781,82893,82896,82914,82920,82923,82985,82987,82996,82999,83013,83015,83063,83065,83074,83084,83090,83093,83120,83122,83130,83133,83136,83206,83208,83216,83219,83224,83229,83280,83282,83290,83293,83295,83312,83314,83366,83369,83375,83379,83384,83387,83391,83450,83452,83461,83467,83476,83480,83543,83545,83553,83558,83562,83567,83647,83649,83658,83665,83670,83675,83678,83713,83715,83723,83726,83732,83734,83784,83786,83795,83798,83816,83818,83823,83829,83836,83863,83865,83888,83893,83928,83933,83939,83944,83987,83990,83993,84032,84039,84045,84050,84065,84069,84076,84079,84083,84088,84092,84097,84099,84160,84162,84191,84196,84203,84212,84214,84217,84242,84244,84347,84350,84368,84377,84379,84384,84387,84393,84396,84398,84408,84414,84418,84476,84483,84491,84493,84525],[10,82553,2076,82555,2079],{"id":82554},"python-max-function-explained",[30,82556,82557],{},"max()",[14,82559,9279,82560,82562],{},[30,82561,82557],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82564,82565],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[316,82567,82568,82571],{},[319,82569,82570],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[319,82572,82573],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82575,82576],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[18,82578,2180],{"id":2179},[23,82580,82582],{"className":25,"code":82581,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[30,82583,82584,82608,82623,82627,82653,82657,82689],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82585,82586,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82587,40],{"class":39},[33,82589,44],{"class":43},[33,82591,48],{"class":47},[33,82593,2240],{"class":51},[33,82595,55],{"class":47},[33,82597,6519],{"class":51},[33,82599,55],{"class":47},[33,82601,58],{"class":51},[33,82603,55],{"class":47},[33,82605,4770],{"class":51},[33,82607,66],{"class":47},[33,82609,82610,82612,82614,82617,82619,82621],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82611,157],{"class":156},[33,82613,133],{"class":47},[33,82615,82616],{"class":156},"max",[33,82618,133],{"class":47},[33,82620,163],{"class":162},[33,82622,733],{"class":47},[33,82624,82625],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82626,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82628,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649,82651],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82630,157],{"class":156},[33,82632,133],{"class":47},[33,82634,82616],{"class":156},[33,82636,133],{"class":47},[33,82638,2240],{"class":51},[33,82640,55],{"class":47},[33,82642,6519],{"class":51},[33,82644,55],{"class":47},[33,82646,58],{"class":51},[33,82648,55],{"class":47},[33,82650,4770],{"class":51},[33,82652,733],{"class":47},[33,82654,82655],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82656,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82658,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,82660,1655],{"class":39},[33,82662,44],{"class":43},[33,82664,48],{"class":47},[33,82666,80],{"class":79},[33,82668,386],{"class":83},[33,82670,80],{"class":79},[33,82672,55],{"class":47},[33,82674,91],{"class":79},[33,82676,4255],{"class":83},[33,82678,80],{"class":79},[33,82680,55],{"class":47},[33,82682,91],{"class":79},[33,82684,78720],{"class":83},[33,82686,80],{"class":79},[33,82688,66],{"class":47},[33,82690,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,82692,157],{"class":156},[33,82694,133],{"class":47},[33,82696,82616],{"class":156},[33,82698,133],{"class":47},[33,82700,1680],{"class":162},[33,82702,733],{"class":47},[14,82704,207],{},[23,82706,82708],{"className":25,"code":82707,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"8\n8\npear\n",[30,82709,82710,82714,82718],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82711,82712],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82713,2556],{"class":51},[33,82715,82716],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82717,2556],{"class":51},[33,82719,82720],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82721,82722],{"class":39},"pear\n",[14,82724,20110],{},[316,82726,82727,82733,82739],{},[319,82728,82729,82732],{},[30,82730,82731],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[319,82734,82735,82738],{},[30,82736,82737],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[319,82740,82741,82744],{},[30,82742,82743],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[18,82746,3848,82748,3851],{"id":82747},"what-max-does",[30,82749,82557],{},[14,82751,82752,3061],{},[30,82753,82557],{},[316,82755,82756,82759,82762,82765],{},[319,82757,82758],{},"Returns the largest item",[319,82760,82761],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[319,82763,82764],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[319,82766,82767],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82769,82770],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82772,82773],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[18,82775,2334],{"id":2333},[14,82777,82778,82779,3061],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[30,82780,82557],{},[23,82782,82784],{"className":25,"code":82783,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[30,82785,82786,82796,82820,82842,82865],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82787,82788,82790,82792,82794],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82789,82616],{"class":156},[33,82791,133],{"class":47},[33,82793,3892],{"class":162},[33,82795,143],{"class":47},[33,82797,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82809,82811,82813,82815,82818],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82799,82616],{"class":156},[33,82801,133],{"class":47},[33,82803,3892],{"class":162},[33,82805,55],{"class":47},[33,82807,82808],{"class":43}," *",[33,82810,55],{"class":47},[33,82812,21733],{"class":9331},[33,82814,44],{"class":43},[33,82816,82817],{"class":162},"func",[33,82819,143],{"class":47},[33,82821,82822,82824,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82823,82616],{"class":156},[33,82825,133],{"class":47},[33,82827,3892],{"class":162},[33,82829,55],{"class":47},[33,82831,82808],{"class":43},[33,82833,55],{"class":47},[33,82835,26675],{"class":9331},[33,82837,44],{"class":43},[33,82839,2647],{"class":162},[33,82841,143],{"class":47},[33,82843,82844,82846,82848,82851,82853,82856,82858,82860,82863],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82845,82616],{"class":156},[33,82847,133],{"class":47},[33,82849,82850],{"class":162},"arg1",[33,82852,55],{"class":47},[33,82854,82855],{"class":162}," arg2",[33,82857,55],{"class":47},[33,82859,82808],{"class":43},[33,82861,82862],{"class":162},"args",[33,82864,143],{"class":47},[33,82866,82867,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82887,82889,82891],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,82868,82616],{"class":156},[33,82870,133],{"class":47},[33,82872,82850],{"class":162},[33,82874,55],{"class":47},[33,82876,82855],{"class":162},[33,82878,55],{"class":47},[33,82880,82808],{"class":43},[33,82882,82862],{"class":162},[33,82884,55],{"class":47},[33,82886,21733],{"class":9331},[33,82888,44],{"class":43},[33,82890,82817],{"class":162},[33,82892,143],{"class":47},[14,82894,82895],{},"The most important parts are:",[316,82897,82898,82903,82908],{},[319,82899,82900,82902],{},[30,82901,3892],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[319,82904,82905,82907],{},[30,82906,14995],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[319,82909,82910,82913],{},[30,82911,82912],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[18,82915,1357,82917,82919],{"id":82916},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[30,82918,82557],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82921,82922],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[23,82924,82926],{"className":25,"code":82925,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[30,82927,82928,82954,82970,82974],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82929,82930,82932,82934,82936,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82952],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82931,5228],{"class":39},[33,82933,44],{"class":43},[33,82935,48],{"class":47},[33,82937,82938],{"class":51},"72",[33,82940,55],{"class":47},[33,82942,51663],{"class":51},[33,82944,55],{"class":47},[33,82946,13661],{"class":51},[33,82948,55],{"class":47},[33,82950,82951],{"class":51}," 66",[33,82953,66],{"class":47},[33,82955,82956,82959,82961,82964,82966,82968],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,82957,82958],{"class":39},"highest_score ",[33,82960,44],{"class":43},[33,82962,82963],{"class":156}," max",[33,82965,133],{"class":47},[33,82967,16541],{"class":162},[33,82969,143],{"class":47},[33,82971,82972],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,82973,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,82975,82976,82978,82980,82983],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,82977,157],{"class":156},[33,82979,133],{"class":47},[33,82981,82982],{"class":162},"highest_score",[33,82984,143],{"class":47},[14,82986,207],{},[23,82988,82990],{"className":25,"code":82989,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"91\n",[30,82991,82992],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,82993,82994],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,82995,82989],{"class":51},[14,82997,82998],{},"This works well for:",[316,83000,83001,83004,83007,83010],{},[319,83002,83003],{},"Scores",[319,83005,83006],{},"Prices",[319,83008,83009],{},"Ages",[319,83011,83012],{},"Counts",[14,83014,52232],{},[23,83016,83018],{"className":25,"code":83017,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[30,83019,83020,83048],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83021,83022,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83036,83038,83041,83043,83046],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83023,83024],{"class":39},"prices ",[33,83026,44],{"class":43},[33,83028,48],{"class":47},[33,83030,40553],{"class":51},[33,83032,55],{"class":47},[33,83034,83035],{"class":51}," 5.50",[33,83037,55],{"class":47},[33,83039,83040],{"class":51}," 12.75",[33,83042,55],{"class":47},[33,83044,83045],{"class":51}," 29.00",[33,83047,66],{"class":47},[33,83049,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83061],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83051,157],{"class":156},[33,83053,133],{"class":47},[33,83055,82616],{"class":156},[33,83057,133],{"class":47},[33,83059,83060],{"class":162},"prices",[33,83062,733],{"class":47},[14,83064,207],{},[23,83066,83068],{"className":25,"code":83067,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"29.0\n",[30,83069,83070],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83071,83072],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83073,83067],{"class":51},[14,83075,83076,83077,83079,83080,310],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[30,83078,82557],{}," is simpler than ",[273,83081,83082],{"href":74497},[30,83083,74400],{},[18,83085,1357,83087,83089],{"id":83086},"using-max-with-separate-values",[30,83088,82557],{}," with separate values",[14,83091,83092],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[23,83094,83096],{"className":25,"code":83095,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[30,83097,83098],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83099,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83101,157],{"class":156},[33,83103,133],{"class":47},[33,83105,82616],{"class":156},[33,83107,133],{"class":47},[33,83109,2679],{"class":51},[33,83111,55],{"class":47},[33,83113,31097],{"class":51},[33,83115,55],{"class":47},[33,83117,6153],{"class":51},[33,83119,733],{"class":47},[14,83121,207],{},[23,83123,83124],{"className":25,"code":2402,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,83125,83126],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83127,83128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83129,2402],{"class":51},[14,83131,83132],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83134,83135],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[23,83137,83139],{"className":25,"code":83138,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[30,83140,83141,83150,83158,83168,83172,83195],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83142,83143,83145,83147],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83144,2729],{"class":39},[33,83146,44],{"class":43},[33,83148,83149],{"class":51}," 15\n",[33,83151,83152,83154,83156],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83153,2757],{"class":39},[33,83155,44],{"class":43},[33,83157,2944],{"class":51},[33,83159,83160,83163,83165],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,83161,83162],{"class":39},"c ",[33,83164,44],{"class":43},[33,83166,83167],{"class":51}," 27\n",[33,83169,83170],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,83171,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,83173,83174,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,83175,83176],{"class":39},"largest ",[33,83178,44],{"class":43},[33,83180,82963],{"class":156},[33,83182,133],{"class":47},[33,83184,273],{"class":162},[33,83186,55],{"class":47},[33,83188,2734],{"class":162},[33,83190,55],{"class":47},[33,83192,9835],{"class":162},[33,83194,143],{"class":47},[33,83196,83197,83199,83201,83204],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,83198,157],{"class":156},[33,83200,133],{"class":47},[33,83202,83203],{"class":162},"largest",[33,83205,143],{"class":47},[14,83207,207],{},[23,83209,83210],{"className":25,"code":46766,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,83211,83212],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83213,83214],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83215,46766],{"class":51},[14,83217,83218],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[18,83220,1357,83222,47213],{"id":83221},"using-max-with-strings",[30,83223,82557],{},[14,83225,83226,83228],{},[30,83227,82557],{}," can compare strings too.",[23,83230,83232],{"className":25,"code":83231,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[30,83233,83234,83266],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83235,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83237,1655],{"class":39},[33,83239,44],{"class":43},[33,83241,48],{"class":47},[33,83243,80],{"class":79},[33,83245,386],{"class":83},[33,83247,80],{"class":79},[33,83249,55],{"class":47},[33,83251,91],{"class":79},[33,83253,4255],{"class":83},[33,83255,80],{"class":79},[33,83257,55],{"class":47},[33,83259,91],{"class":79},[33,83261,78720],{"class":83},[33,83263,80],{"class":79},[33,83265,66],{"class":47},[33,83267,83268,83270,83272,83274,83276,83278],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83269,157],{"class":156},[33,83271,133],{"class":47},[33,83273,82616],{"class":156},[33,83275,133],{"class":47},[33,83277,1680],{"class":162},[33,83279,733],{"class":47},[14,83281,207],{},[23,83283,83284],{"className":25,"code":82722,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,83285,83286],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83287,83288],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83289,82722],{"class":39},[14,83291,83292],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83294,68259],{},[316,83296,83297,83306,83309],{},[319,83298,83299,83302,83303,83305],{},[30,83300,83301],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[30,83304,65250],{}," alphabetically",[319,83307,83308],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[319,83310,83311],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83313,367],{},[23,83315,83317],{"className":25,"code":83316,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[30,83318,83319,83352],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83320,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83322,1655],{"class":39},[33,83324,44],{"class":43},[33,83326,48],{"class":47},[33,83328,80],{"class":79},[33,83330,386],{"class":83},[33,83332,80],{"class":79},[33,83334,55],{"class":47},[33,83336,91],{"class":79},[33,83338,83339],{"class":83},"Banana",[33,83341,80],{"class":79},[33,83343,55],{"class":47},[33,83345,91],{"class":79},[33,83347,78720],{"class":83},[33,83349,80],{"class":79},[33,83351,66],{"class":47},[33,83353,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83355,157],{"class":156},[33,83357,133],{"class":47},[33,83359,82616],{"class":156},[33,83361,133],{"class":47},[33,83363,1680],{"class":162},[33,83365,733],{"class":47},[14,83367,83368],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83370,83371,83372,83374],{},"You can fix that with the ",[30,83373,14995],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[18,83376,36766,83377,36769],{"id":78678},[30,83378,14995],{},[14,83380,2155,83381,83383],{},[30,83382,14995],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83385,83386],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[664,83388,83390],{"id":83389},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[23,83392,83394],{"className":25,"code":83393,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[30,83395,83396,83428],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83397,83398,83400,83402,83404,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83399,1655],{"class":39},[33,83401,44],{"class":43},[33,83403,48],{"class":47},[33,83405,80],{"class":79},[33,83407,37201],{"class":83},[33,83409,80],{"class":79},[33,83411,55],{"class":47},[33,83413,91],{"class":79},[33,83415,68302],{"class":83},[33,83417,80],{"class":79},[33,83419,55],{"class":47},[33,83421,91],{"class":79},[33,83423,58271],{"class":83},[33,83425,80],{"class":79},[33,83427,66],{"class":47},[33,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83446,83448],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83431,157],{"class":156},[33,83433,133],{"class":47},[33,83435,82616],{"class":156},[33,83437,133],{"class":47},[33,83439,1680],{"class":162},[33,83441,55],{"class":47},[33,83443,21733],{"class":9331},[33,83445,44],{"class":43},[33,83447,726],{"class":156},[33,83449,733],{"class":47},[14,83451,207],{},[23,83453,83455],{"className":25,"code":83454,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"elephant\n",[30,83456,83457],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83458,83459],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83460,83454],{"class":39},[14,83462,20924,83463,83466],{},[30,83464,83465],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83468,83469,83470,33784,83472,310],{},"If you are new to ",[30,83471,42514],{},[273,83473,83474,5942],{"href":42511},[30,83475,42514],{},[664,83477,83479],{"id":83478},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[23,83481,83483],{"className":25,"code":83482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[30,83484,83485,83517],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83486,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83488,1655],{"class":39},[33,83490,44],{"class":43},[33,83492,48],{"class":47},[33,83494,80],{"class":79},[33,83496,386],{"class":83},[33,83498,80],{"class":79},[33,83500,55],{"class":47},[33,83502,91],{"class":79},[33,83504,83339],{"class":83},[33,83506,80],{"class":79},[33,83508,55],{"class":47},[33,83510,91],{"class":79},[33,83512,78720],{"class":83},[33,83514,80],{"class":79},[33,83516,66],{"class":47},[33,83518,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83520,157],{"class":156},[33,83522,133],{"class":47},[33,83524,82616],{"class":156},[33,83526,133],{"class":47},[33,83528,1680],{"class":162},[33,83530,55],{"class":47},[33,83532,21733],{"class":9331},[33,83534,44],{"class":43},[33,83536,3617],{"class":129},[33,83538,310],{"class":47},[33,83540,8796],{"class":24904},[33,83542,733],{"class":47},[14,83544,207],{},[23,83546,83547],{"className":25,"code":82722,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,83548,83549],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83550,83551],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83552,82722],{"class":39},[14,83554,20924,83555,83557],{},[30,83556,78674],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[664,83559,83561],{"id":83560},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83563,83564,83565,3061],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[30,83566,37814],{},[23,83568,83570],{"className":25,"code":83569,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[30,83571,83572,83615],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83573,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83593,83595,83597,83599,83602,83604,83606,83608,83611,83613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83575,377],{"class":39},[33,83577,44],{"class":43},[33,83579,48],{"class":47},[33,83581,80],{"class":79},[33,83583,273],{"class":83},[33,83585,80],{"class":79},[33,83587,55],{"class":47},[33,83589,91],{"class":79},[33,83591,83592],{"class":83},"bb",[33,83594,80],{"class":79},[33,83596,55],{"class":47},[33,83598,91],{"class":79},[33,83600,83601],{"class":83},"cccc",[33,83603,80],{"class":79},[33,83605,55],{"class":47},[33,83607,91],{"class":79},[33,83609,83610],{"class":83},"ddd",[33,83612,80],{"class":79},[33,83614,66],{"class":47},[33,83616,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637,83639,83641,83643,83645],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83618,157],{"class":156},[33,83620,133],{"class":47},[33,83622,82616],{"class":156},[33,83624,133],{"class":47},[33,83626,414],{"class":162},[33,83628,55],{"class":47},[33,83630,21733],{"class":9331},[33,83632,44],{"class":43},[33,83634,37814],{"class":1430},[33,83636,42995],{"class":37817},[33,83638,3061],{"class":47},[33,83640,38540],{"class":156},[33,83642,133],{"class":47},[33,83644,34864],{"class":162},[33,83646,1890],{"class":47},[14,83648,207],{},[23,83650,83652],{"className":25,"code":83651,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"cccc\n",[30,83653,83654],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83655,83656],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83657,83651],{"class":39},[14,83659,49703,83660,2030,83662,83664],{},[30,83661,83465],{},[30,83663,78561],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[18,83666,36766,83668,36769],{"id":83667},"using-the-default-argument",[30,83669,82912],{},[14,83671,2155,83672,83674],{},[30,83673,82912],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83676,83677],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[23,83679,83681],{"className":25,"code":83680,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[30,83682,83683,83691],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83684,83685,83687,83689],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83686,40],{"class":39},[33,83688,44],{"class":43},[33,83690,118],{"class":47},[33,83692,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83694,157],{"class":156},[33,83696,133],{"class":47},[33,83698,82616],{"class":156},[33,83700,133],{"class":47},[33,83702,163],{"class":162},[33,83704,55],{"class":47},[33,83706,26675],{"class":9331},[33,83708,44],{"class":43},[33,83710,1114],{"class":51},[33,83712,733],{"class":47},[14,83714,207],{},[23,83716,83717],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,83718,83719],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83720,83721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83722,751],{"class":51},[14,83724,83725],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83727,83728,83729,83731],{},"Without ",[30,83730,82912],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83733,52232],{},[23,83735,83737],{"className":25,"code":83736,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,83738,83739,83747,83774],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83740,83741,83743,83745],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83742,1655],{"class":39},[33,83744,44],{"class":43},[33,83746,118],{"class":47},[33,83748,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761,83763,83765,83767,83770,83772],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83750,1506],{"class":39},[33,83752,44],{"class":43},[33,83754,82963],{"class":156},[33,83756,133],{"class":47},[33,83758,1680],{"class":162},[33,83760,55],{"class":47},[33,83762,26675],{"class":9331},[33,83764,44],{"class":43},[33,83766,80],{"class":79},[33,83768,83769],{"class":83},"no words found",[33,83771,80],{"class":79},[33,83773,143],{"class":47},[33,83775,83776,83778,83780,83782],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,83777,157],{"class":156},[33,83779,133],{"class":47},[33,83781,1530],{"class":162},[33,83783,143],{"class":47},[14,83785,207],{},[23,83787,83789],{"className":25,"code":83788,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"no words found\n",[30,83790,83791],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83792,83793],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83794,83788],{"class":39},[14,83796,83797],{},"Important:",[316,83799,83800,83808],{},[319,83801,83802,83804,83805],{},[30,83803,82912],{}," works with ",[30,83806,83807],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[319,83809,41059,83810,83812,83813],{},[205,83811,4796],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[30,83814,83815],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[18,83817,48140],{"id":48139},[14,83819,83820,83821,310],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[30,83822,82557],{},[664,83824,83826,83828],{"id":83825},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[30,83827,40857],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83830,83831,83832,46062,83834,310],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[30,83833,82912],{},[30,83835,40857],{},[23,83837,83839],{"className":25,"code":83838,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[30,83840,83841,83849],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83842,83843,83845,83847],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83844,40],{"class":39},[33,83846,44],{"class":43},[33,83848,118],{"class":47},[33,83850,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83852,157],{"class":156},[33,83854,133],{"class":47},[33,83856,82616],{"class":156},[33,83858,133],{"class":47},[33,83860,163],{"class":162},[33,83862,733],{"class":47},[14,83864,29834],{},[23,83866,83868],{"className":25,"code":83867,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[30,83869,83870],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83871,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83883,83885],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83873,40857],{"class":129},[33,83875,3061],{"class":47},[33,83877,82963],{"class":156},[33,83879,1360],{"class":47},[33,83881,83882],{"class":39}," arg ",[33,83884,12346],{"class":43},[33,83886,83887],{"class":39}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83889,83890,83891,3061],{},"Fix it by using ",[30,83892,82912],{},[23,83894,83896],{"className":25,"code":83895,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[30,83897,83898,83906],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83899,83900,83902,83904],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83901,40],{"class":39},[33,83903,44],{"class":43},[33,83905,118],{"class":47},[33,83907,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83909,157],{"class":156},[33,83911,133],{"class":47},[33,83913,82616],{"class":156},[33,83915,133],{"class":47},[33,83917,163],{"class":162},[33,83919,55],{"class":47},[33,83921,26675],{"class":9331},[33,83923,44],{"class":43},[33,83925,3950],{"class":398},[33,83927,733],{"class":47},[14,83929,83930,83931,310],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[273,83932,65815],{"href":72854},[664,83934,83936,83938],{"id":83935},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[30,83937,3181],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83940,83941,83942,310],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[30,83943,3181],{},[23,83945,83947],{"className":25,"code":83946,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[30,83948,83949,83973],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83950,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,83952,377],{"class":39},[33,83954,44],{"class":43},[33,83956,48],{"class":47},[33,83958,538],{"class":51},[33,83960,55],{"class":47},[33,83962,91],{"class":79},[33,83964,15906],{"class":83},[33,83966,80],{"class":79},[33,83968,55],{"class":47},[33,83970,7954],{"class":51},[33,83972,66],{"class":47},[33,83974,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,83976,157],{"class":156},[33,83978,133],{"class":47},[33,83980,82616],{"class":156},[33,83982,133],{"class":47},[33,83984,414],{"class":162},[33,83986,733],{"class":47},[14,83988,83989],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83991,83992],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[23,83994,83996],{"className":25,"code":83995,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[30,83997,83998,84018],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,83999,84000,84002,84004,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84001,377],{"class":39},[33,84003,44],{"class":43},[33,84005,48],{"class":47},[33,84007,538],{"class":51},[33,84009,55],{"class":47},[33,84011,7949],{"class":51},[33,84013,55],{"class":47},[33,84015,7954],{"class":51},[33,84017,66],{"class":47},[33,84019,84020,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84021,157],{"class":156},[33,84023,133],{"class":47},[33,84025,82616],{"class":156},[33,84027,133],{"class":47},[33,84029,414],{"class":162},[33,84031,733],{"class":47},[14,84033,84034,84035,310],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[273,84036,84038],{"href":84037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[664,84040,84042,84044],{"id":84041},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[30,84043,3181],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84046,84047,84049],{},[30,84048,82557],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[23,84051,84053],{"className":25,"code":84052,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(max())\n",[30,84054,84055],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84056,84057,84059,84061,84063],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84058,157],{"class":156},[33,84060,133],{"class":47},[33,84062,82616],{"class":156},[33,84064,7353],{"class":47},[14,84066,3178,84067,310],{},[30,84068,3181],{},[18,84070,84072,10739,84074],{"id":84071},"max-vs-sorted",[30,84073,82557],{},[30,84075,74400],{},[14,84077,84078],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84080,84081,3061],{},[30,84082,82557],{},[316,84084,84085],{},[319,84086,84087],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84089,84090,3061],{},[30,84091,74400],{},[316,84093,84094],{},[319,84095,84096],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84098,367],{},[23,84100,84102],{"className":25,"code":84101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[30,84103,84104,84128,84132,84146],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84105,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84107,40],{"class":39},[33,84109,44],{"class":43},[33,84111,48],{"class":47},[33,84113,2240],{"class":51},[33,84115,55],{"class":47},[33,84117,6519],{"class":51},[33,84119,55],{"class":47},[33,84121,58],{"class":51},[33,84123,55],{"class":47},[33,84125,4770],{"class":51},[33,84127,66],{"class":47},[33,84129,84130],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84131,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,84133,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,84135,157],{"class":156},[33,84137,133],{"class":47},[33,84139,82616],{"class":156},[33,84141,133],{"class":47},[33,84143,163],{"class":162},[33,84145,733],{"class":47},[33,84147,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,84149,157],{"class":156},[33,84151,133],{"class":47},[33,84153,74490],{"class":156},[33,84155,133],{"class":47},[33,84157,163],{"class":162},[33,84159,733],{"class":47},[14,84161,207],{},[23,84163,84165],{"className":25,"code":84164,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[30,84166,84167,84171],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84168,84169],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84170,2556],{"class":51},[33,84172,84173,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84174,217],{"class":47},[33,84176,2234],{"class":51},[33,84178,55],{"class":47},[33,84180,63],{"class":51},[33,84182,55],{"class":47},[33,84184,4770],{"class":51},[33,84186,55],{"class":47},[33,84188,6519],{"class":51},[33,84190,66],{"class":47},[14,84192,672,84193,84195],{},[30,84194,82557],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84197,672,84198,84202],{},[273,84199,84200],{"href":74497},[30,84201,74400],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84204,84205,84206,310],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[273,84207,84209],{"href":84208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[30,84210,84211],{},"min()",[18,84213,3006],{"id":3005},[14,84215,84216],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[316,84218,84219,84226,84229,84234,84237],{},[319,84220,29803,84221,84223,84224],{},[30,84222,82557],{}," on an empty list without ",[30,84225,82912],{},[319,84227,84228],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[319,84230,1487,84231,84233],{},[30,84232,82557],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[319,84235,84236],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[319,84238,1357,84239,84241],{},[30,84240,82912],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84243,11265],{},[23,84245,84247],{"className":25,"code":84246,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[30,84248,84249,84259,84273,84287,84301,84323],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84250,84251,84253,84255,84257],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84252,157],{"class":156},[33,84254,133],{"class":47},[33,84256,414],{"class":162},[33,84258,143],{"class":47},[33,84260,84261,84263,84265,84267,84269,84271],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84262,157],{"class":156},[33,84264,133],{"class":47},[33,84266,1406],{"class":129},[33,84268,133],{"class":47},[33,84270,414],{"class":162},[33,84272,733],{"class":47},[33,84274,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,84276,157],{"class":156},[33,84278,133],{"class":47},[33,84280,726],{"class":156},[33,84282,133],{"class":47},[33,84284,414],{"class":162},[33,84286,733],{"class":47},[33,84288,84289,84291,84293,84295,84297,84299],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,84290,157],{"class":156},[33,84292,133],{"class":47},[33,84294,82616],{"class":156},[33,84296,133],{"class":47},[33,84298,414],{"class":162},[33,84300,733],{"class":47},[33,84302,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,84304,157],{"class":156},[33,84306,133],{"class":47},[33,84308,82616],{"class":156},[33,84310,133],{"class":47},[33,84312,414],{"class":162},[33,84314,55],{"class":47},[33,84316,26675],{"class":9331},[33,84318,44],{"class":43},[33,84320,3950],{"class":398},[33,84322,733],{"class":47},[33,84324,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,84326,157],{"class":156},[33,84328,3162],{"class":47},[33,84330,1406],{"class":129},[33,84332,133],{"class":47},[33,84334,2351],{"class":162},[33,84336,3831],{"class":47},[33,84338,4047],{"class":4046},[33,84340,4050],{"class":162},[33,84342,4053],{"class":4046},[33,84344,6125],{"class":162},[33,84346,4059],{"class":47},[14,84348,84349],{},"These are useful for checking:",[316,84351,84352,84357,84362,84365],{},[319,84353,84354,84355],{},"What is actually inside ",[30,84356,414],{},[319,84358,79727,84359,84361],{},[30,84360,414],{}," is a list or some other type",[319,84363,84364],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[319,84366,84367],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84369,69323,84370,84373,84374,84376],{},[30,84371,84372],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[30,84375,414],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[18,84378,1961],{"id":1960},[664,84380,2007,84382,5309],{"id":84381},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[30,84383,82557],{},[14,84385,84386],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[664,84388,5334,84390,84392],{"id":84389},"can-max-work-with-strings",[30,84391,82557],{}," work with strings?",[14,84394,84395],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[664,84397,71622],{"id":71621},[14,84399,84400,52647,84402,84404,84405,84407],{},[30,84401,82557],{},[30,84403,40857],{}," unless you use the ",[30,84406,82912],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[664,84409,84411,84412,2033],{"id":84410},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[30,84413,82557],{},[14,84415,672,84416,3061],{},[30,84417,83465],{},[23,84419,84420],{"className":25,"code":83393,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,84421,84422,84454],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84423,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440,84442,84444,84446,84448,84450,84452],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84425,1655],{"class":39},[33,84427,44],{"class":43},[33,84429,48],{"class":47},[33,84431,80],{"class":79},[33,84433,37201],{"class":83},[33,84435,80],{"class":79},[33,84437,55],{"class":47},[33,84439,91],{"class":79},[33,84441,68302],{"class":83},[33,84443,80],{"class":79},[33,84445,55],{"class":47},[33,84447,91],{"class":79},[33,84449,58271],{"class":83},[33,84451,80],{"class":79},[33,84453,66],{"class":47},[33,84455,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84457,157],{"class":156},[33,84459,133],{"class":47},[33,84461,82616],{"class":156},[33,84463,133],{"class":47},[33,84465,1680],{"class":162},[33,84467,55],{"class":47},[33,84469,21733],{"class":9331},[33,84471,44],{"class":43},[33,84473,726],{"class":156},[33,84475,733],{"class":47},[664,84477,2027,84479,2030,84481,2033],{"id":84478},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[30,84480,82557],{},[30,84482,74400],{},[14,84484,84485,84487,84488,84490],{},[30,84486,82557],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":84529},[84530,84531,84533,84534,84536,84538,84540,84545,84547,84555,84557,84558,84569],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":82747,"depth":69,"text":84532},"What max() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":82916,"depth":69,"text":84535},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83086,"depth":69,"text":84537},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83221,"depth":69,"text":84539},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78678,"depth":69,"text":79876,"children":84541},[84542,84543,84544],{"id":83389,"depth":110,"text":83390},{"id":83478,"depth":110,"text":83479},{"id":83560,"depth":110,"text":83561},{"id":83667,"depth":69,"text":84546},"Using the default argument",{"id":48139,"depth":69,"text":48140,"children":84548},[84549,84551,84553],{"id":83825,"depth":110,"text":84550},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83935,"depth":110,"text":84552},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84041,"depth":110,"text":84554},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84071,"depth":69,"text":84556},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":84559},[84560,84562,84564,84565,84567],{"id":84381,"depth":110,"text":84561},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84389,"depth":110,"text":84563},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71621,"depth":110,"text":71622},{"id":84410,"depth":110,"text":84566},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84478,"depth":110,"text":84568},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82549,"description":84570},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84577,"title":84578,"body":84579,"description":86533,"extension":2138,"meta":86534,"navigation":149,"path":86535,"seo":86536,"stem":86537,"__hash__":86538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84580,"toc":86490},[84581,84586,84591,84597,84599,84673,84675,84688,84693,84698,84714,84718,84723,84799,84805,84808,84851,84853,84861,84867,84870,84901,84903,84911,84917,84922,84981,84983,84992,84995,85005,85011,85016,85051,85053,85061,85067,85073,85078,85122,85124,85133,85136,85176,85178,85187,85190,85202,85207,85212,85263,85265,85274,85277,85328,85330,85339,85342,85349,85355,85360,85362,85377,85381,85441,85443,85452,85456,85628,85630,85667,85674,85680,85683,85710,85712,85733,85738,85773,85775,85783,85786,85789,85805,85810,85812,85816,85822,85826,85853,85856,85866,85906,85910,85913,85956,85958,85967,85970,85975,86044,86046,86054,86059,86063,86066,86117,86119,86127,86130,86193,86195,86203,86206,86211,86215,86228,86235,86243,86245,86247,86277,86283,86384,86394,86396,86401,86404,86409,86412,86414,86422,86430,86438,86445,86453,86455,86487],[10,84582,2076,84584,2079],{"id":84583},"python-min-function-explained",[30,84585,84211],{},[14,84587,84588,84590],{},[30,84589,84211],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84592,84593,84594,84596],{},"This page explains what ",[30,84595,84211],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[18,84598,2180],{"id":2179},[23,84600,84602],{"className":25,"code":84601,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[30,84603,84604,84628,84643,84647],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84605,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84607,40],{"class":39},[33,84609,44],{"class":43},[33,84611,48],{"class":47},[33,84613,1085],{"class":51},[33,84615,55],{"class":47},[33,84617,58],{"class":51},[33,84619,55],{"class":47},[33,84621,54284],{"class":51},[33,84623,55],{"class":47},[33,84625,1119],{"class":51},[33,84627,66],{"class":47},[33,84629,84630,84632,84634,84637,84639,84641],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84631,157],{"class":156},[33,84633,133],{"class":47},[33,84635,84636],{"class":156},"min",[33,84638,133],{"class":47},[33,84640,163],{"class":162},[33,84642,733],{"class":47},[33,84644,84645],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,84646,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,84648,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665,84667,84669,84671],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,84650,157],{"class":156},[33,84652,133],{"class":47},[33,84654,84636],{"class":156},[33,84656,133],{"class":47},[33,84658,1085],{"class":51},[33,84660,55],{"class":47},[33,84662,58],{"class":51},[33,84664,55],{"class":47},[33,84666,54284],{"class":51},[33,84668,55],{"class":47},[33,84670,1119],{"class":51},[33,84672,733],{"class":47},[14,84674,207],{},[23,84676,84678],{"className":25,"code":84677,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1\n1\n",[30,84679,84680,84684],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84681,84682],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84683,47071],{"class":51},[33,84685,84686],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84687,47071],{"class":51},[14,84689,672,84690,84692],{},[30,84691,84211],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[18,84694,3848,84696,3851],{"id":84695},"what-min-does",[30,84697,84211],{},[316,84699,84700,84705,84708,84711],{},[319,84701,84702,84704],{},[30,84703,84211],{}," returns the smallest item",[319,84706,84707],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[319,84709,84710],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[319,84712,84713],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[18,84715,84717],{"id":84716},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84719,84720,84721,3061],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[30,84722,84211],{},[23,84724,84726],{"className":25,"code":84725,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[30,84727,84728,84738,84763,84781],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84729,84730,84732,84734,84736],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84731,84636],{"class":156},[33,84733,133],{"class":47},[33,84735,3892],{"class":162},[33,84737,143],{"class":47},[33,84739,84740,84742,84744,84747,84749,84752,84754,84757,84759,84761],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84741,84636],{"class":156},[33,84743,133],{"class":47},[33,84745,84746],{"class":162},"value1",[33,84748,55],{"class":47},[33,84750,84751],{"class":162}," value2",[33,84753,55],{"class":47},[33,84755,84756],{"class":162}," value3",[33,84758,55],{"class":47},[33,84760,34610],{"class":156},[33,84762,143],{"class":47},[33,84764,84765,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,84766,84636],{"class":156},[33,84768,133],{"class":47},[33,84770,3892],{"class":162},[33,84772,55],{"class":47},[33,84774,21733],{"class":9331},[33,84776,44],{"class":43},[33,84778,37525],{"class":156},[33,84780,143],{"class":47},[33,84782,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,84784,84636],{"class":156},[33,84786,133],{"class":47},[33,84788,3892],{"class":162},[33,84790,55],{"class":47},[33,84792,26675],{"class":9331},[33,84794,44],{"class":43},[33,84796,37525],{"class":156},[33,84798,143],{"class":47},[664,84800,84802],{"id":84801},"miniterable",[30,84803,84804],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84806,84807],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[23,84809,84811],{"className":25,"code":84810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[30,84812,84813,84837],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84814,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84816,40],{"class":39},[33,84818,44],{"class":43},[33,84820,48],{"class":47},[33,84822,2520],{"class":51},[33,84824,55],{"class":47},[33,84826,63],{"class":51},[33,84828,55],{"class":47},[33,84830,31097],{"class":51},[33,84832,55],{"class":47},[33,84834,1119],{"class":51},[33,84836,66],{"class":47},[33,84838,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84840,157],{"class":156},[33,84842,133],{"class":47},[33,84844,84636],{"class":156},[33,84846,133],{"class":47},[33,84848,163],{"class":162},[33,84850,733],{"class":47},[14,84852,207],{},[23,84854,84855],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,84856,84857],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84858,84859],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84860,47071],{"class":51},[664,84862,84864],{"id":84863},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[30,84865,84866],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84868,84869],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[23,84871,84873],{"className":25,"code":84872,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[30,84874,84875],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84876,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84878,157],{"class":156},[33,84880,133],{"class":47},[33,84882,84636],{"class":156},[33,84884,133],{"class":47},[33,84886,2520],{"class":51},[33,84888,55],{"class":47},[33,84890,63],{"class":51},[33,84892,55],{"class":47},[33,84894,31097],{"class":51},[33,84896,55],{"class":47},[33,84898,1119],{"class":51},[33,84900,733],{"class":47},[14,84902,207],{},[23,84904,84905],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,84906,84907],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84908,84909],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84910,47071],{"class":51},[664,84912,84914],{"id":84913},"miniterable-key",[30,84915,84916],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84918,672,84919,84921],{},[30,84920,14995],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[23,84923,84925],{"className":25,"code":84924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[30,84926,84927,84959],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84928,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955,84957],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84930,1655],{"class":39},[33,84932,44],{"class":43},[33,84934,48],{"class":47},[33,84936,80],{"class":79},[33,84938,78720],{"class":83},[33,84940,80],{"class":79},[33,84942,55],{"class":47},[33,84944,91],{"class":79},[33,84946,38495],{"class":83},[33,84948,80],{"class":79},[33,84950,55],{"class":47},[33,84952,91],{"class":79},[33,84954,4255],{"class":83},[33,84956,80],{"class":79},[33,84958,66],{"class":47},[33,84960,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,84962,157],{"class":156},[33,84964,133],{"class":47},[33,84966,84636],{"class":156},[33,84968,133],{"class":47},[33,84970,1680],{"class":162},[33,84972,55],{"class":47},[33,84974,21733],{"class":9331},[33,84976,44],{"class":43},[33,84978,726],{"class":156},[33,84980,733],{"class":47},[14,84982,207],{},[23,84984,84986],{"className":25,"code":84985,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"kiwi\n",[30,84987,84988],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,84989,84990],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,84991,84985],{"class":39},[14,84993,84994],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84996,84997,84998,85000,85001,310],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[30,84999,42514],{},", see the ",[273,85002,85003,3683],{"href":42511},[30,85004,42514],{},[664,85006,85008],{"id":85007},"miniterable-default",[30,85009,85010],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85012,672,85013,85015],{},[30,85014,82912],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[23,85017,85019],{"className":25,"code":85018,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[30,85020,85021,85029],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85022,85023,85025,85027],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85024,40],{"class":39},[33,85026,44],{"class":43},[33,85028,118],{"class":47},[33,85030,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85032,157],{"class":156},[33,85034,133],{"class":47},[33,85036,84636],{"class":156},[33,85038,133],{"class":47},[33,85040,163],{"class":162},[33,85042,55],{"class":47},[33,85044,26675],{"class":9331},[33,85046,44],{"class":43},[33,85048,1114],{"class":51},[33,85050,733],{"class":47},[14,85052,207],{},[23,85054,85055],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,85056,85057],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85058,85059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85060,751],{"class":51},[14,85062,85063,85064,85066],{},"This avoids a ",[30,85065,40857],{}," when there is no item to return.",[18,85068,1357,85070,85072],{"id":85069},"using-min-with-numbers",[30,85071,84211],{}," with numbers",[14,85074,85075,85077],{},[30,85076,84211],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[23,85079,85081],{"className":25,"code":85080,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[30,85082,85083,85108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85084,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85086,5228],{"class":39},[33,85088,44],{"class":43},[33,85090,48],{"class":47},[33,85092,51658],{"class":51},[33,85094,55],{"class":47},[33,85096,85097],{"class":51}," 72",[33,85099,55],{"class":47},[33,85101,29059],{"class":51},[33,85103,55],{"class":47},[33,85105,76076],{"class":51},[33,85107,66],{"class":47},[33,85109,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85111,157],{"class":156},[33,85113,133],{"class":47},[33,85115,84636],{"class":156},[33,85117,133],{"class":47},[33,85119,16541],{"class":162},[33,85121,733],{"class":47},[14,85123,207],{},[23,85125,85127],{"className":25,"code":85126,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"60\n",[30,85128,85129],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85130,85131],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85132,85126],{"class":51},[14,85134,85135],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[23,85137,85139],{"className":25,"code":85138,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[30,85140,85141,85162],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85142,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85156,85158,85160],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85144,83024],{"class":39},[33,85146,44],{"class":43},[33,85148,48],{"class":47},[33,85150,40553],{"class":51},[33,85152,55],{"class":47},[33,85154,85155],{"class":51}," 5.49",[33,85157,55],{"class":47},[33,85159,83040],{"class":51},[33,85161,66],{"class":47},[33,85163,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85165,157],{"class":156},[33,85167,133],{"class":47},[33,85169,84636],{"class":156},[33,85171,133],{"class":47},[33,85173,83060],{"class":162},[33,85175,733],{"class":47},[14,85177,207],{},[23,85179,85181],{"className":25,"code":85180,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5.49\n",[30,85182,85183],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85184,85185],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85186,85180],{"class":51},[14,85188,85189],{},"This is useful for things like:",[316,85191,85192,85194,85196,85199],{},[319,85193,16541],{},[319,85195,83060],{},[319,85197,85198],{},"measurements",[319,85200,85201],{},"ages",[18,85203,1357,85205,47213],{"id":85204},"using-min-with-strings",[30,85206,84211],{},[14,85208,85209,85211],{},[30,85210,84211],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[23,85213,85215],{"className":25,"code":85214,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[30,85216,85217,85249],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85218,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229,85231,85233,85235,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85220,1655],{"class":39},[33,85222,44],{"class":43},[33,85224,48],{"class":47},[33,85226,80],{"class":79},[33,85228,4255],{"class":83},[33,85230,80],{"class":79},[33,85232,55],{"class":47},[33,85234,91],{"class":79},[33,85236,386],{"class":83},[33,85238,80],{"class":79},[33,85240,55],{"class":47},[33,85242,91],{"class":79},[33,85244,4264],{"class":83},[33,85246,80],{"class":79},[33,85248,66],{"class":47},[33,85250,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85252,157],{"class":156},[33,85254,133],{"class":47},[33,85256,84636],{"class":156},[33,85258,133],{"class":47},[33,85260,1680],{"class":162},[33,85262,733],{"class":47},[14,85264,207],{},[23,85266,85268],{"className":25,"code":85267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"apple\n",[30,85269,85270],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85271,85272],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85273,85267],{"class":39},[14,85275,85276],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[23,85278,85280],{"className":25,"code":85279,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[30,85281,85282,85314],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85283,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85285,1655],{"class":39},[33,85287,44],{"class":43},[33,85289,48],{"class":47},[33,85291,80],{"class":79},[33,85293,4255],{"class":83},[33,85295,80],{"class":79},[33,85297,55],{"class":47},[33,85299,91],{"class":79},[33,85301,57912],{"class":83},[33,85303,80],{"class":79},[33,85305,55],{"class":47},[33,85307,91],{"class":79},[33,85309,4264],{"class":83},[33,85311,80],{"class":79},[33,85313,66],{"class":47},[33,85315,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85317,157],{"class":156},[33,85319,133],{"class":47},[33,85321,84636],{"class":156},[33,85323,133],{"class":47},[33,85325,1680],{"class":162},[33,85327,733],{"class":47},[14,85329,207],{},[23,85331,85333],{"className":25,"code":85332,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Apple\n",[30,85334,85335],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85336,85337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85338,85332],{"class":39},[14,85340,85341],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85343,85344,85345,310],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[273,85346,85347,5942],{"href":74497},[30,85348,74400],{},[18,85350,1357,85352,85354],{"id":85351},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[30,85353,84211],{}," with a key function",[14,85356,2155,85357,85359],{},[30,85358,14995],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85361,11610],{},[316,85363,85364,85369,85374],{},[319,85365,85366,85368],{},[30,85367,14995],{}," changes the comparison rule",[319,85370,85371,85373],{},[30,85372,84211],{}," still returns the original item",[319,85375,85376],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[664,85378,85380],{"id":85379},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[23,85382,85384],{"className":25,"code":85383,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[30,85385,85386,85419],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85387,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410,85412,85415,85417],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85389,1655],{"class":39},[33,85391,44],{"class":43},[33,85393,48],{"class":47},[33,85395,80],{"class":79},[33,85397,68302],{"class":83},[33,85399,80],{"class":79},[33,85401,55],{"class":47},[33,85403,91],{"class":79},[33,85405,37201],{"class":83},[33,85407,80],{"class":79},[33,85409,55],{"class":47},[33,85411,91],{"class":79},[33,85413,85414],{"class":83},"giraffe",[33,85416,80],{"class":79},[33,85418,66],{"class":47},[33,85420,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85422,157],{"class":156},[33,85424,133],{"class":47},[33,85426,84636],{"class":156},[33,85428,133],{"class":47},[33,85430,1680],{"class":162},[33,85432,55],{"class":47},[33,85434,21733],{"class":9331},[33,85436,44],{"class":43},[33,85438,726],{"class":156},[33,85440,733],{"class":47},[14,85442,207],{},[23,85444,85446],{"className":25,"code":85445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"cat\n",[30,85447,85448],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85449,85450],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85451,85445],{"class":39},[664,85453,85455],{"id":85454},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[23,85457,85459],{"className":25,"code":85458,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[30,85460,85461,85471,85506,85538,85570,85574,85578,85617],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85462,85463,85466,85468],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85464,85465],{"class":39},"students ",[33,85467,44],{"class":43},[33,85469,85470],{"class":47}," [\n",[33,85472,85473,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490,85492,85494,85497,85499,85501,85503],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85474,85475],{"class":47},"    {",[33,85477,80],{"class":79},[33,85479,7827],{"class":83},[33,85481,80],{"class":79},[33,85483,3061],{"class":47},[33,85485,91],{"class":79},[33,85487,84],{"class":83},[33,85489,80],{"class":79},[33,85491,55],{"class":47},[33,85493,91],{"class":79},[33,85495,85496],{"class":83},"score",[33,85498,80],{"class":79},[33,85500,3061],{"class":47},[33,85502,13661],{"class":51},[33,85504,85505],{"class":47},"},\n",[33,85507,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,85509,85475],{"class":47},[33,85511,80],{"class":79},[33,85513,7827],{"class":83},[33,85515,80],{"class":79},[33,85517,3061],{"class":47},[33,85519,91],{"class":79},[33,85521,94],{"class":83},[33,85523,80],{"class":79},[33,85525,55],{"class":47},[33,85527,91],{"class":79},[33,85529,85496],{"class":83},[33,85531,80],{"class":79},[33,85533,3061],{"class":47},[33,85535,85097],{"class":51},[33,85537,85505],{"class":47},[33,85539,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,85541,85475],{"class":47},[33,85543,80],{"class":79},[33,85545,7827],{"class":83},[33,85547,80],{"class":79},[33,85549,3061],{"class":47},[33,85551,91],{"class":79},[33,85553,103],{"class":83},[33,85555,80],{"class":79},[33,85557,55],{"class":47},[33,85559,91],{"class":79},[33,85561,85496],{"class":83},[33,85563,80],{"class":79},[33,85565,3061],{"class":47},[33,85567,20051],{"class":51},[33,85569,9462],{"class":47},[33,85571,85572],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,85573,66],{"class":47},[33,85575,85576],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,85577,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,85579,85580,85583,85585,85588,85590,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,85581,85582],{"class":39},"lowest ",[33,85584,44],{"class":43},[33,85586,85587],{"class":156}," min",[33,85589,133],{"class":47},[33,85591,85592],{"class":162},"students",[33,85594,55],{"class":47},[33,85596,21733],{"class":9331},[33,85598,44],{"class":43},[33,85600,37814],{"class":1430},[33,85602,13059],{"class":37817},[33,85604,3061],{"class":47},[33,85606,13059],{"class":162},[33,85608,217],{"class":47},[33,85610,80],{"class":79},[33,85612,85496],{"class":83},[33,85614,80],{"class":79},[33,85616,4059],{"class":47},[33,85618,85619,85621,85623,85626],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,85620,157],{"class":156},[33,85622,133],{"class":47},[33,85624,85625],{"class":162},"lowest",[33,85627,143],{"class":47},[14,85629,207],{},[23,85631,85633],{"className":25,"code":85632,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[30,85634,85635],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85636,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85638,9432],{"class":47},[33,85640,236],{"class":79},[33,85642,7827],{"class":83},[33,85644,236],{"class":79},[33,85646,3061],{"class":47},[33,85648,245],{"class":79},[33,85650,94],{"class":83},[33,85652,236],{"class":79},[33,85654,55],{"class":47},[33,85656,245],{"class":79},[33,85658,85496],{"class":83},[33,85660,236],{"class":79},[33,85662,3061],{"class":47},[33,85664,85097],{"class":51},[33,85666,9462],{"class":47},[14,85668,85669,85670,85673],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[30,85671,85672],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[18,85675,1357,85677,85679],{"id":85676},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[30,85678,82912],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85681,85682],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[23,85684,85686],{"className":25,"code":85685,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[30,85687,85688,85696],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85689,85690,85692,85694],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85691,40],{"class":39},[33,85693,44],{"class":43},[33,85695,118],{"class":47},[33,85697,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85699,157],{"class":156},[33,85701,133],{"class":47},[33,85703,84636],{"class":156},[33,85705,133],{"class":47},[33,85707,163],{"class":162},[33,85709,733],{"class":47},[14,85711,207],{},[23,85713,85715],{"className":25,"code":85714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[30,85716,85717],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85718,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85720,40857],{"class":129},[33,85722,3061],{"class":47},[33,85724,85587],{"class":156},[33,85726,1360],{"class":47},[33,85728,83882],{"class":39},[33,85730,12346],{"class":43},[33,85732,83887],{"class":39},[14,85734,85735,85736,3061],{},"To avoid that, use ",[30,85737,82912],{},[23,85739,85741],{"className":25,"code":85740,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[30,85742,85743,85751],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85744,85745,85747,85749],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85746,40],{"class":39},[33,85748,44],{"class":43},[33,85750,118],{"class":47},[33,85752,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85754,157],{"class":156},[33,85756,133],{"class":47},[33,85758,84636],{"class":156},[33,85760,133],{"class":47},[33,85762,163],{"class":162},[33,85764,55],{"class":47},[33,85766,26675],{"class":9331},[33,85768,44],{"class":43},[33,85770,3950],{"class":398},[33,85772,733],{"class":47},[14,85774,207],{},[23,85776,85777],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,85778,85779],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85780,85781],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85782,11961],{"class":398},[14,85784,85785],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85787,85788],{},"Remember:",[316,85790,85791,85799],{},[319,85792,85793,85795,85796,85798],{},[30,85794,82912],{}," works only when ",[30,85797,84211],{}," gets one iterable argument",[319,85800,85801,85802],{},"It does not work with ",[30,85803,85804],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85806,85807,85808,310],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[273,85809,65815],{"href":72854},[18,85811,10898],{"id":10897},[14,85813,56919,85814,310],{},[30,85815,84211],{},[664,85817,85819,85820],{"id":85818},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[30,85821,82912],{},[14,85823,3178,85824,3061],{},[30,85825,40857],{},[23,85827,85829],{"className":25,"code":85828,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[30,85830,85831,85839],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85832,85833,85835,85837],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85834,377],{"class":39},[33,85836,44],{"class":43},[33,85838,118],{"class":47},[33,85840,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85842,157],{"class":156},[33,85844,133],{"class":47},[33,85846,84636],{"class":156},[33,85848,133],{"class":47},[33,85850,414],{"class":162},[33,85852,733],{"class":47},[14,85854,85855],{},"Fix it by:",[316,85857,85858,85861],{},[319,85859,85860],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[319,85862,85863,85864],{},"or using ",[30,85865,82912],{},[23,85867,85869],{"className":25,"code":85868,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[30,85870,85871,85879],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85872,85873,85875,85877],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85874,377],{"class":39},[33,85876,44],{"class":43},[33,85878,118],{"class":47},[33,85880,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899,85902,85904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85882,157],{"class":156},[33,85884,133],{"class":47},[33,85886,84636],{"class":156},[33,85888,133],{"class":47},[33,85890,414],{"class":162},[33,85892,55],{"class":47},[33,85894,26675],{"class":9331},[33,85896,44],{"class":43},[33,85898,80],{"class":79},[33,85900,85901],{"class":83},"no items",[33,85903,80],{"class":79},[33,85905,733],{"class":47},[664,85907,85909],{"id":85908},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85911,85912],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[23,85914,85916],{"className":25,"code":85915,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[30,85917,85918,85942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85919,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85921,1181],{"class":39},[33,85923,44],{"class":43},[33,85925,48],{"class":47},[33,85927,538],{"class":51},[33,85929,55],{"class":47},[33,85931,91],{"class":79},[33,85933,15906],{"class":83},[33,85935,80],{"class":79},[33,85937,55],{"class":47},[33,85939,4770],{"class":51},[33,85941,66],{"class":47},[33,85943,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,85945,157],{"class":156},[33,85947,133],{"class":47},[33,85949,84636],{"class":156},[33,85951,133],{"class":47},[33,85953,1230],{"class":162},[33,85955,733],{"class":47},[14,85957,207],{},[23,85959,85961],{"className":25,"code":85960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"TypeError\n",[30,85962,85963],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85964,85965],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85966,85960],{"class":129},[14,85968,85969],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85971,85972,85973,310],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[30,85974,84211],{},[23,85976,85978],{"className":25,"code":85977,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[30,85979,85980,86004,86030],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,85981,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,85983,1181],{"class":39},[33,85985,44],{"class":43},[33,85987,48],{"class":47},[33,85989,538],{"class":51},[33,85991,55],{"class":47},[33,85993,91],{"class":79},[33,85995,15906],{"class":83},[33,85997,80],{"class":79},[33,85999,55],{"class":47},[33,86001,4770],{"class":51},[33,86003,66],{"class":47},[33,86005,86006,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026,86028],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86007,40],{"class":39},[33,86009,44],{"class":43},[33,86011,48],{"class":47},[33,86013,2366],{"class":129},[33,86015,133],{"class":47},[33,86017,2351],{"class":162},[33,86019,3831],{"class":47},[33,86021,4047],{"class":4046},[33,86023,4050],{"class":39},[33,86025,4053],{"class":4046},[33,86027,14720],{"class":39},[33,86029,66],{"class":47},[33,86031,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,86033,157],{"class":156},[33,86035,133],{"class":47},[33,86037,84636],{"class":156},[33,86039,133],{"class":47},[33,86041,163],{"class":162},[33,86043,733],{"class":47},[14,86045,207],{},[23,86047,86048],{"className":25,"code":3123,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,86049,86050],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86051,86052],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86053,3123],{"class":51},[14,86055,86056,86057,310],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[30,86058,3181],{},[664,86060,86062],{"id":86061},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86064,86065],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[23,86067,86069],{"className":25,"code":86068,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[30,86070,86071,86103],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86072,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097,86099,86101],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86074,1655],{"class":39},[33,86076,44],{"class":43},[33,86078,48],{"class":47},[33,86080,80],{"class":79},[33,86082,79536],{"class":83},[33,86084,80],{"class":79},[33,86086,55],{"class":47},[33,86088,91],{"class":79},[33,86090,57912],{"class":83},[33,86092,80],{"class":79},[33,86094,55],{"class":47},[33,86096,91],{"class":79},[33,86098,79553],{"class":83},[33,86100,80],{"class":79},[33,86102,66],{"class":47},[33,86104,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86106,157],{"class":156},[33,86108,133],{"class":47},[33,86110,84636],{"class":156},[33,86112,133],{"class":47},[33,86114,1680],{"class":162},[33,86116,733],{"class":47},[14,86118,207],{},[23,86120,86121],{"className":25,"code":85332,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,86122,86123],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86124,86125],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86126,85332],{"class":39},[14,86128,86129],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[23,86131,86133],{"className":25,"code":86132,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[30,86134,86135,86167],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86136,86137,86139,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157,86159,86161,86163,86165],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86138,1655],{"class":39},[33,86140,44],{"class":43},[33,86142,48],{"class":47},[33,86144,80],{"class":79},[33,86146,79536],{"class":83},[33,86148,80],{"class":79},[33,86150,55],{"class":47},[33,86152,91],{"class":79},[33,86154,57912],{"class":83},[33,86156,80],{"class":79},[33,86158,55],{"class":47},[33,86160,91],{"class":79},[33,86162,79553],{"class":83},[33,86164,80],{"class":79},[33,86166,66],{"class":47},[33,86168,86169,86171,86173,86175,86177,86179,86181,86183,86185,86187,86189,86191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86170,157],{"class":156},[33,86172,133],{"class":47},[33,86174,84636],{"class":156},[33,86176,133],{"class":47},[33,86178,1680],{"class":162},[33,86180,55],{"class":47},[33,86182,21733],{"class":9331},[33,86184,44],{"class":43},[33,86186,3617],{"class":129},[33,86188,310],{"class":47},[33,86190,8796],{"class":24904},[33,86192,733],{"class":47},[14,86194,207],{},[23,86196,86197],{"className":25,"code":85332,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,86198,86199],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86200,86201],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86202,85332],{"class":39},[14,86204,86205],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[18,86207,5127,86209],{"id":86208},"when-to-use-min",[30,86210,84211],{},[14,86212,672,86213,10755],{},[30,86214,84211],{},[316,86216,86217,86220,86225],{},[319,86218,86219],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[319,86221,86222,86223],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[30,86224,14995],{},[319,86226,86227],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86229,672,86230,86234],{},[273,86231,86232],{"href":74497},[30,86233,74400],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86236,672,86237,86242],{},[273,86238,86240],{"href":86239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[30,86241,82557],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[18,86244,3006],{"id":3005},[14,86246,84216],{},[316,86248,86249,86257,86260,86265,86272],{},[319,86250,86251,86252,86254,86255],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[30,86253,84211],{}," without using ",[30,86256,82912],{},[319,86258,86259],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[319,86261,1487,86262,86264],{},[30,86263,84211],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[319,86266,4870,86267,86269,86270,85373],{},[30,86268,14995],{}," affects comparison but ",[30,86271,84211],{},[319,86273,1357,86274,86276],{},[30,86275,82912],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86278,86279,86280,86282],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[30,86281,84211],{},", these quick checks can help:",[23,86284,86286],{"className":25,"code":86285,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[30,86287,86288,86302,86312,86326,86340,86362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86289,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86291,157],{"class":156},[33,86293,133],{"class":47},[33,86295,1406],{"class":129},[33,86297,133],{"class":47},[33,86299,1230],{"class":162},[33,86301,733],{"class":47},[33,86303,86304,86306,86308,86310],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86305,157],{"class":156},[33,86307,133],{"class":47},[33,86309,1230],{"class":162},[33,86311,143],{"class":47},[33,86313,86314,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,86315,157],{"class":156},[33,86317,133],{"class":47},[33,86319,726],{"class":156},[33,86321,133],{"class":47},[33,86323,1230],{"class":162},[33,86325,733],{"class":47},[33,86327,86328,86330,86332,86334,86336,86338],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,86329,157],{"class":156},[33,86331,133],{"class":47},[33,86333,84636],{"class":156},[33,86335,133],{"class":47},[33,86337,1230],{"class":162},[33,86339,733],{"class":47},[33,86341,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,86343,157],{"class":156},[33,86345,133],{"class":47},[33,86347,84636],{"class":156},[33,86349,133],{"class":47},[33,86351,1230],{"class":162},[33,86353,55],{"class":47},[33,86355,26675],{"class":9331},[33,86357,44],{"class":43},[33,86359,3950],{"class":398},[33,86361,733],{"class":47},[33,86363,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,86365,157],{"class":156},[33,86367,133],{"class":47},[33,86369,84636],{"class":156},[33,86371,133],{"class":47},[33,86373,1680],{"class":162},[33,86375,55],{"class":47},[33,86377,21733],{"class":9331},[33,86379,44],{"class":43},[33,86381,726],{"class":156},[33,86383,733],{"class":47},[14,86385,86386,86387,86390,86391,86393],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[30,86388,86389],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[30,86392,1230],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[18,86395,1961],{"id":1960},[664,86397,2007,86399,5309],{"id":86398},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[30,86400,84211],{},[14,86402,86403],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[664,86405,5334,86407,84392],{"id":86406},"can-min-work-with-strings",[30,86408,84211],{},[14,86410,86411],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[664,86413,71622],{"id":71621},[14,86415,86416,52647,86418,84404,86420,36775],{},[30,86417,84211],{},[30,86419,40857],{},[30,86421,82912],{},[664,86423,2007,86425,86427,86428,2033],{"id":86424},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[30,86426,14995],{}," do in ",[30,86429,84211],{},[14,86431,86432,86434,86435,86437],{},[30,86433,14995],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[30,86436,83465],{}," compares strings by length.",[664,86439,2027,86441,2030,86443,2033],{"id":86440},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[30,86442,84211],{},[30,86444,74400],{},[14,86446,86447,86449,86450,86452],{},[30,86448,84211],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[30,86451,74400],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[18,86454,2045],{"id":2044},[316,86456,86457,86463,86469,86475,86479,86483],{},[319,86458,86459],{},[273,86460,86461,3683],{"href":86239},[30,86462,82557],{},[319,86464,86465],{},[273,86466,86467,3683],{"href":74497},[30,86468,74400],{},[319,86470,86471],{},[273,86472,86473,3683],{"href":42511},[30,86474,42514],{},[319,86476,86477],{},[273,86478,79849],{"href":78352},[319,86480,86481],{},[273,86482,59099],{"href":59098},[319,86484,86485],{},[273,86486,65815],{"href":72854},[2097,86488,86489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":86491},[86492,86493,86495,86501,86503,86505,86510,86512,86518,86520,86521,86532],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":84695,"depth":69,"text":86494},"What min() does",{"id":84716,"depth":69,"text":84717,"children":86496},[86497,86498,86499,86500],{"id":84801,"depth":110,"text":84804},{"id":84863,"depth":110,"text":84866},{"id":84913,"depth":110,"text":84916},{"id":85007,"depth":110,"text":85010},{"id":85069,"depth":69,"text":86502},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85204,"depth":69,"text":86504},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85351,"depth":69,"text":86506,"children":86507},"Using min() with a key function",[86508,86509],{"id":85379,"depth":110,"text":85380},{"id":85454,"depth":110,"text":85455},{"id":85676,"depth":69,"text":86511},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10897,"depth":69,"text":10898,"children":86513},[86514,86516,86517],{"id":85818,"depth":110,"text":86515},"Empty list without default",{"id":85908,"depth":110,"text":85909},{"id":86061,"depth":110,"text":86062},{"id":86208,"depth":69,"text":86519},"When to use min()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":86522},[86523,86525,86527,86528,86530],{"id":86398,"depth":110,"text":86524},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86406,"depth":110,"text":86526},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71621,"depth":110,"text":71622},{"id":86424,"depth":110,"text":86529},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86440,"depth":110,"text":86531},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84578,"description":86533},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86540,"title":86541,"body":86542,"description":88721,"extension":2138,"meta":88722,"navigation":149,"path":88723,"seo":88724,"stem":88725,"__hash__":88726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86543,"toc":88685},[86544,86547,86553,86559,86561,86642,86651,86655,86660,86662,86707,86709,86789,86795,86797,86800,86832,86834,86852,86854,86927,86929,86948,86952,86955,86991,86993,87060,87134,87207,87212,87216,87222,87225,87242,87245,87247,87308,87310,87330,87336,87340,87343,87413,87416,87435,87440,87516,87519,87523,87529,87533,87538,87608,87612,87617,87691,87695,87698,87773,87784,87788,87793,87883,87888,87956,87959,87978,87989,87993,87996,88001,88004,88066,88069,88080,88085,88088,88091,88096,88099,88102,88106,88109,88115,88118,88129,88131,88193,88208,88214,88217,88220,88231,88242,88248,88251,88253,88315,88325,88331,88336,88342,88346,88352,88355,88376,88378,88383,88410,88413,88440,88443,88482,88485,88523,88526,88587,88590,88592,88596,88599,88603,88609,88617,88625,88629,88632,88636,88642,88644,88682],[10,86545,86541],{"id":86546},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86548,86549,86552],{},[30,86550,86551],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86554,86555,86556,86558],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[30,86557,86551],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[18,86560,2180],{"id":2179},[23,86562,86564],{"className":25,"code":86563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[30,86565,86566,86615,86631],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86567,86568,86571,86574,86576,86578,86581,86583,86585,86587,86589,86591,86593,86596,86598,86600,86603,86605,86607,86609,86613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86569,86570],{"class":4046},"with",[33,86572,86573],{"class":156}," open",[33,86575,133],{"class":47},[33,86577,80],{"class":79},[33,86579,86580],{"class":83},"example.txt",[33,86582,80],{"class":79},[33,86584,55],{"class":47},[33,86586,91],{"class":79},[33,86588,1617],{"class":83},[33,86590,80],{"class":79},[33,86592,55],{"class":47},[33,86594,86595],{"class":9331}," encoding",[33,86597,44],{"class":43},[33,86599,80],{"class":79},[33,86601,86602],{"class":83},"utf-8",[33,86604,80],{"class":79},[33,86606,3831],{"class":47},[33,86608,47511],{"class":4046},[33,86610,86612],{"class":86611},"sMMDD"," file",[33,86614,6553],{"class":47},[33,86616,86617,86620,86622,86624,86626,86629],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86618,86619],{"class":39},"    content ",[33,86621,44],{"class":43},[33,86623,86612],{"class":86611},[33,86625,310],{"class":47},[33,86627,86628],{"class":162},"read",[33,86630,1671],{"class":47},[33,86632,86633,86635,86637,86640],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,86634,8227],{"class":156},[33,86636,133],{"class":47},[33,86638,86639],{"class":162},"content",[33,86641,143],{"class":47},[14,86643,672,86644,86646,86647,86650],{},[30,86645,86570],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[30,86648,86649],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[18,86652,86654],{"id":86653},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86656,86657,86659],{},[30,86658,86551],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86661,11610],{},[316,86663,86664,86667,86672,86677],{},[319,86665,86666],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[319,86668,41059,86669,86671],{},[205,86670,4796],{}," read or write anything by itself",[319,86673,17574,86674],{},[205,86675,86676],{},"file object",[319,86678,86679,86680],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[316,86681,86682,86687,86692,86697,86702],{},[319,86683,86684],{},[30,86685,86686],{},"read()",[319,86688,86689],{},[30,86690,86691],{},"readline()",[319,86693,86694],{},[30,86695,86696],{},"readlines()",[319,86698,86699],{},[30,86700,86701],{},"write()",[319,86703,86704],{},[30,86705,86706],{},"close()",[14,86708,367],{},[23,86710,86712],{"className":25,"code":86711,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[30,86713,86714,86753,86768,86778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86715,86716,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749,86751],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86717,86718],{"class":86611},"file",[33,86720,13430],{"class":43},[33,86722,86573],{"class":156},[33,86724,133],{"class":47},[33,86726,80],{"class":79},[33,86728,86580],{"class":83},[33,86730,80],{"class":79},[33,86732,55],{"class":47},[33,86734,91],{"class":79},[33,86736,1617],{"class":83},[33,86738,80],{"class":79},[33,86740,55],{"class":47},[33,86742,86595],{"class":9331},[33,86744,44],{"class":43},[33,86746,80],{"class":79},[33,86748,86602],{"class":83},[33,86750,80],{"class":79},[33,86752,143],{"class":47},[33,86754,86755,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86756,86757],{"class":39},"content ",[33,86759,44],{"class":43},[33,86761,86612],{"class":86611},[33,86763,310],{"class":47},[33,86765,86628],{"class":162},[33,86767,1671],{"class":47},[33,86769,86770,86772,86774,86776],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,86771,157],{"class":156},[33,86773,133],{"class":47},[33,86775,86639],{"class":162},[33,86777,143],{"class":47},[33,86779,86780,86782,86784,86787],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,86781,86718],{"class":86611},[33,86783,310],{"class":47},[33,86785,86786],{"class":162},"close",[33,86788,1671],{"class":47},[14,86790,86791,86792,86794],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[30,86793,86570],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[18,86796,2334],{"id":2333},[14,86798,86799],{},"A common form is:",[23,86801,86803],{"className":25,"code":86802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[30,86804,86805],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86806,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86808,42580],{"class":156},[33,86810,133],{"class":47},[33,86812,86718],{"class":86611},[33,86814,55],{"class":47},[33,86816,86817],{"class":162}," mode",[33,86819,55],{"class":47},[33,86821,86595],{"class":9331},[33,86823,44],{"class":43},[33,86825,80],{"class":79},[33,86827,86602],{"class":83},[33,86829,80],{"class":79},[33,86831,143],{"class":47},[14,86833,65021],{},[316,86835,86836,86841,86846],{},[319,86837,86838,86840],{},[30,86839,86718],{}," is the file name or file path",[319,86842,86843,86845],{},[30,86844,21072],{}," controls how the file is opened",[319,86847,86848,86851],{},[30,86849,86850],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86853,367],{},[23,86855,86857],{"className":25,"code":86856,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[30,86858,86859,86902,86917],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86860,86861,86863,86865,86867,86869,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,86862,86570],{"class":4046},[33,86864,86573],{"class":156},[33,86866,133],{"class":47},[33,86868,80],{"class":79},[33,86870,86871],{"class":83},"notes.txt",[33,86873,80],{"class":79},[33,86875,55],{"class":47},[33,86877,91],{"class":79},[33,86879,1617],{"class":83},[33,86881,80],{"class":79},[33,86883,55],{"class":47},[33,86885,86595],{"class":9331},[33,86887,44],{"class":43},[33,86889,80],{"class":79},[33,86891,86602],{"class":83},[33,86893,80],{"class":79},[33,86895,3831],{"class":47},[33,86897,47511],{"class":4046},[33,86899,86612],{"class":86611},[33,86901,6553],{"class":47},[33,86903,86904,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,86905,86906],{"class":39},"    text ",[33,86908,44],{"class":43},[33,86910,86612],{"class":86611},[33,86912,310],{"class":47},[33,86914,86628],{"class":162},[33,86916,1671],{"class":47},[33,86918,86919,86921,86923,86925],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,86920,8227],{"class":156},[33,86922,133],{"class":47},[33,86924,34864],{"class":162},[33,86926,143],{"class":47},[14,86928,20110],{},[316,86930,86931,86937,86942],{},[319,86932,86933,86936],{},[30,86934,86935],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[319,86938,86939,86941],{},[30,86940,86649],{}," means open for reading",[319,86943,86944,86947],{},[30,86945,86946],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[18,86949,86951],{"id":86950},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86953,86954],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[316,86956,86957,86962,86968,86973,86979,86985],{},[319,86958,86959,86961],{},[30,86960,86649],{}," = read a text file",[319,86963,86964,86967],{},[30,86965,86966],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[319,86969,86970,86972],{},[30,86971,18249],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[319,86974,86975,86978],{},[30,86976,86977],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[319,86980,86981,86984],{},[30,86982,86983],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[319,86986,86987,86990],{},[30,86988,86989],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86992,2302],{},[23,86994,86996],{"className":25,"code":86995,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[30,86997,86998,87003,87046],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,86999,87000],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87001,87002],{"class":1308},"# Read a text file\n",[33,87004,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87006,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87008,86573],{"class":156},[33,87010,133],{"class":47},[33,87012,80],{"class":79},[33,87014,87015],{"class":83},"data.txt",[33,87017,80],{"class":79},[33,87019,55],{"class":47},[33,87021,91],{"class":79},[33,87023,1617],{"class":83},[33,87025,80],{"class":79},[33,87027,55],{"class":47},[33,87029,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87031,44],{"class":43},[33,87033,80],{"class":79},[33,87035,86602],{"class":83},[33,87037,80],{"class":79},[33,87039,3831],{"class":47},[33,87041,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87043,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87045,6553],{"class":47},[33,87047,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87049,8227],{"class":156},[33,87051,133],{"class":47},[33,87053,86718],{"class":86611},[33,87055,310],{"class":47},[33,87057,86628],{"class":162},[33,87059,7353],{"class":47},[23,87061,87063],{"className":25,"code":87062,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[30,87064,87065,87070,87112],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87066,87067],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87068,87069],{"class":1308},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[33,87071,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87073,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87075,86573],{"class":156},[33,87077,133],{"class":47},[33,87079,80],{"class":79},[33,87081,87015],{"class":83},[33,87083,80],{"class":79},[33,87085,55],{"class":47},[33,87087,91],{"class":79},[33,87089,1600],{"class":83},[33,87091,80],{"class":79},[33,87093,55],{"class":47},[33,87095,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87097,44],{"class":43},[33,87099,80],{"class":79},[33,87101,86602],{"class":83},[33,87103,80],{"class":79},[33,87105,3831],{"class":47},[33,87107,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87109,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87111,6553],{"class":47},[33,87113,87114,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87130,87132],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87115,87116],{"class":86611},"    file",[33,87118,310],{"class":47},[33,87120,70171],{"class":162},[33,87122,133],{"class":47},[33,87124,80],{"class":79},[33,87126,35023],{"class":83},[33,87128,87129],{"class":34609},"\\n",[33,87131,80],{"class":79},[33,87133,143],{"class":47},[23,87135,87137],{"className":25,"code":87136,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[30,87138,87139,87144,87186],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87140,87141],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87142,87143],{"class":1308},"# Append to a text file\n",[33,87145,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87147,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87149,86573],{"class":156},[33,87151,133],{"class":47},[33,87153,80],{"class":79},[33,87155,87015],{"class":83},[33,87157,80],{"class":79},[33,87159,55],{"class":47},[33,87161,91],{"class":79},[33,87163,273],{"class":83},[33,87165,80],{"class":79},[33,87167,55],{"class":47},[33,87169,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87171,44],{"class":43},[33,87173,80],{"class":79},[33,87175,86602],{"class":83},[33,87177,80],{"class":79},[33,87179,3831],{"class":47},[33,87181,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87183,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87185,6553],{"class":47},[33,87187,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198,87201,87203,87205],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87189,87116],{"class":86611},[33,87191,310],{"class":47},[33,87193,70171],{"class":162},[33,87195,133],{"class":47},[33,87197,80],{"class":79},[33,87199,87200],{"class":83},"Another line",[33,87202,87129],{"class":34609},[33,87204,80],{"class":79},[33,87206,143],{"class":47},[14,87208,69323,87209,87211],{},[30,87210,86966],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[18,87213,87215],{"id":87214},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,87217,87218,22129,87220,310],{},[30,87219,86551],{},[205,87221,86676],{},[14,87223,87224],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[316,87226,87227,87232,87237],{},[319,87228,87229],{},[30,87230,87231],{},"file.read()",[319,87233,87234],{},[30,87235,87236],{},"file.write()",[319,87238,87239],{},[30,87240,87241],{},"file.close()",[14,87243,87244],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,87246,367],{},[23,87248,87250],{"className":25,"code":87249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[30,87251,87252,87294],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87253,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87255,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87257,86573],{"class":156},[33,87259,133],{"class":47},[33,87261,80],{"class":79},[33,87263,86580],{"class":83},[33,87265,80],{"class":79},[33,87267,55],{"class":47},[33,87269,91],{"class":79},[33,87271,1617],{"class":83},[33,87273,80],{"class":79},[33,87275,55],{"class":47},[33,87277,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87279,44],{"class":43},[33,87281,80],{"class":79},[33,87283,86602],{"class":83},[33,87285,80],{"class":79},[33,87287,3831],{"class":47},[33,87289,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87291,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87293,6553],{"class":47},[33,87295,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87297,8227],{"class":156},[33,87299,133],{"class":47},[33,87301,1406],{"class":129},[33,87303,133],{"class":47},[33,87305,86718],{"class":86611},[33,87307,733],{"class":47},[14,87309,30183],{},[23,87311,87313],{"className":25,"code":87312,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[30,87314,87315],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87316,87317,87319,87321,87323,87326,87328],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87318,1427],{"class":43},[33,87320,1431],{"class":1430},[33,87322,245],{"class":79},[33,87324,87325],{"class":83},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[33,87327,236],{"class":79},[33,87329,1441],{"class":43},[14,87331,87332,87333,87335],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[30,87334,86551],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[18,87337,87339],{"id":87338},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,87341,87342],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[23,87344,87345],{"className":25,"code":86563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,87346,87347,87389,87403],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87348,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87350,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87352,86573],{"class":156},[33,87354,133],{"class":47},[33,87356,80],{"class":79},[33,87358,86580],{"class":83},[33,87360,80],{"class":79},[33,87362,55],{"class":47},[33,87364,91],{"class":79},[33,87366,1617],{"class":83},[33,87368,80],{"class":79},[33,87370,55],{"class":47},[33,87372,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87374,44],{"class":43},[33,87376,80],{"class":79},[33,87378,86602],{"class":83},[33,87380,80],{"class":79},[33,87382,3831],{"class":47},[33,87384,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87386,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87388,6553],{"class":47},[33,87390,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87392,86619],{"class":39},[33,87394,44],{"class":43},[33,87396,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87398,310],{"class":47},[33,87400,86628],{"class":162},[33,87402,1671],{"class":47},[33,87404,87405,87407,87409,87411],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87406,8227],{"class":156},[33,87408,133],{"class":47},[33,87410,86639],{"class":162},[33,87412,143],{"class":47},[14,87414,87415],{},"Why this is recommended:",[316,87417,87418,87423,87429,87432],{},[319,87419,87420,87422],{},[30,87421,86570],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[319,87424,87425,87426,87428],{},"It is safer than calling ",[30,87427,86706],{}," yourself",[319,87430,87431],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[319,87433,87434],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87436,83728,87437,87439],{},[30,87438,86570],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[23,87441,87442],{"className":25,"code":86711,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,87443,87444,87482,87496,87506],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87445,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87447,86718],{"class":86611},[33,87449,13430],{"class":43},[33,87451,86573],{"class":156},[33,87453,133],{"class":47},[33,87455,80],{"class":79},[33,87457,86580],{"class":83},[33,87459,80],{"class":79},[33,87461,55],{"class":47},[33,87463,91],{"class":79},[33,87465,1617],{"class":83},[33,87467,80],{"class":79},[33,87469,55],{"class":47},[33,87471,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87473,44],{"class":43},[33,87475,80],{"class":79},[33,87477,86602],{"class":83},[33,87479,80],{"class":79},[33,87481,143],{"class":47},[33,87483,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87485,86757],{"class":39},[33,87487,44],{"class":43},[33,87489,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87491,310],{"class":47},[33,87493,86628],{"class":162},[33,87495,1671],{"class":47},[33,87497,87498,87500,87502,87504],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87499,157],{"class":156},[33,87501,133],{"class":47},[33,87503,86639],{"class":162},[33,87505,143],{"class":47},[33,87507,87508,87510,87512,87514],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,87509,86718],{"class":86611},[33,87511,310],{"class":47},[33,87513,86786],{"class":162},[33,87515,1671],{"class":47},[14,87517,87518],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[18,87520,87522],{"id":87521},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87524,87525,87526,87528],{},"Use mode ",[30,87527,86649],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[664,87530,87532],{"id":87531},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87534,87535,87537],{},[30,87536,86686],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[23,87539,87540],{"className":25,"code":86563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,87541,87542,87584,87598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87543,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87545,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87547,86573],{"class":156},[33,87549,133],{"class":47},[33,87551,80],{"class":79},[33,87553,86580],{"class":83},[33,87555,80],{"class":79},[33,87557,55],{"class":47},[33,87559,91],{"class":79},[33,87561,1617],{"class":83},[33,87563,80],{"class":79},[33,87565,55],{"class":47},[33,87567,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87569,44],{"class":43},[33,87571,80],{"class":79},[33,87573,86602],{"class":83},[33,87575,80],{"class":79},[33,87577,3831],{"class":47},[33,87579,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87581,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87583,6553],{"class":47},[33,87585,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87587,86619],{"class":39},[33,87589,44],{"class":43},[33,87591,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87593,310],{"class":47},[33,87595,86628],{"class":162},[33,87597,1671],{"class":47},[33,87599,87600,87602,87604,87606],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87601,8227],{"class":156},[33,87603,133],{"class":47},[33,87605,86639],{"class":162},[33,87607,143],{"class":47},[664,87609,87611],{"id":87610},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87613,87614,87616],{},[30,87615,86691],{}," reads one line at a time.",[23,87618,87620],{"className":25,"code":87619,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[30,87621,87622,87664,87680],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87623,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87625,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87627,86573],{"class":156},[33,87629,133],{"class":47},[33,87631,80],{"class":79},[33,87633,86580],{"class":83},[33,87635,80],{"class":79},[33,87637,55],{"class":47},[33,87639,91],{"class":79},[33,87641,1617],{"class":83},[33,87643,80],{"class":79},[33,87645,55],{"class":47},[33,87647,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87649,44],{"class":43},[33,87651,80],{"class":79},[33,87653,86602],{"class":83},[33,87655,80],{"class":79},[33,87657,3831],{"class":47},[33,87659,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87661,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87663,6553],{"class":47},[33,87665,87666,87669,87671,87673,87675,87678],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87667,87668],{"class":39},"    first_line ",[33,87670,44],{"class":43},[33,87672,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87674,310],{"class":47},[33,87676,87677],{"class":162},"readline",[33,87679,1671],{"class":47},[33,87681,87682,87684,87686,87689],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87683,8227],{"class":156},[33,87685,133],{"class":47},[33,87687,87688],{"class":162},"first_line",[33,87690,143],{"class":47},[664,87692,87694],{"id":87693},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87696,87697],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[23,87699,87701],{"className":25,"code":87700,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[30,87702,87703,87745,87759],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87704,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87706,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87708,86573],{"class":156},[33,87710,133],{"class":47},[33,87712,80],{"class":79},[33,87714,86580],{"class":83},[33,87716,80],{"class":79},[33,87718,55],{"class":47},[33,87720,91],{"class":79},[33,87722,1617],{"class":83},[33,87724,80],{"class":79},[33,87726,55],{"class":47},[33,87728,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87730,44],{"class":43},[33,87732,80],{"class":79},[33,87734,86602],{"class":83},[33,87736,80],{"class":79},[33,87738,3831],{"class":47},[33,87740,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87742,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87744,6553],{"class":47},[33,87746,87747,87750,87753,87755,87757],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87748,87749],{"class":4046},"    for",[33,87751,87752],{"class":39}," line ",[33,87754,4053],{"class":4046},[33,87756,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87758,6553],{"class":47},[33,87760,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87762,47491],{"class":156},[33,87764,133],{"class":47},[33,87766,35],{"class":162},[33,87768,310],{"class":47},[33,87770,8790],{"class":162},[33,87772,7353],{"class":47},[14,87774,87775,87776,453,87780,310],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[273,87777,87779],{"href":87778},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[273,87781,87783],{"href":87782},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[18,87785,87787],{"id":87786},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87789,672,87790,87792],{},[30,87791,86966],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[23,87794,87796],{"className":25,"code":87795,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[30,87797,87798,87841,87862],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87799,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87801,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87803,86573],{"class":156},[33,87805,133],{"class":47},[33,87807,80],{"class":79},[33,87809,87810],{"class":83},"output.txt",[33,87812,80],{"class":79},[33,87814,55],{"class":47},[33,87816,91],{"class":79},[33,87818,1600],{"class":83},[33,87820,80],{"class":79},[33,87822,55],{"class":47},[33,87824,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87826,44],{"class":43},[33,87828,80],{"class":79},[33,87830,86602],{"class":83},[33,87832,80],{"class":79},[33,87834,3831],{"class":47},[33,87836,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87838,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87840,6553],{"class":47},[33,87842,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87856,87858,87860],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87844,87116],{"class":86611},[33,87846,310],{"class":47},[33,87848,70171],{"class":162},[33,87850,133],{"class":47},[33,87852,80],{"class":79},[33,87854,87855],{"class":83},"First line",[33,87857,87129],{"class":34609},[33,87859,80],{"class":79},[33,87861,143],{"class":47},[33,87863,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87877,87879,87881],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,87865,87116],{"class":86611},[33,87867,310],{"class":47},[33,87869,70171],{"class":162},[33,87871,133],{"class":47},[33,87873,80],{"class":79},[33,87875,87876],{"class":83},"Second line",[33,87878,87129],{"class":34609},[33,87880,80],{"class":79},[33,87882,143],{"class":47},[14,87884,672,87885,87887],{},[30,87886,18249],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[23,87889,87891],{"className":25,"code":87890,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[30,87892,87893,87935],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,87894,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87931,87933],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,87896,86570],{"class":4046},[33,87898,86573],{"class":156},[33,87900,133],{"class":47},[33,87902,80],{"class":79},[33,87904,87810],{"class":83},[33,87906,80],{"class":79},[33,87908,55],{"class":47},[33,87910,91],{"class":79},[33,87912,273],{"class":83},[33,87914,80],{"class":79},[33,87916,55],{"class":47},[33,87918,86595],{"class":9331},[33,87920,44],{"class":43},[33,87922,80],{"class":79},[33,87924,86602],{"class":83},[33,87926,80],{"class":79},[33,87928,3831],{"class":47},[33,87930,47511],{"class":4046},[33,87932,86612],{"class":86611},[33,87934,6553],{"class":47},[33,87936,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87950,87952,87954],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,87938,87116],{"class":86611},[33,87940,310],{"class":47},[33,87942,70171],{"class":162},[33,87944,133],{"class":47},[33,87946,80],{"class":79},[33,87948,87949],{"class":83},"Third line",[33,87951,87129],{"class":34609},[33,87953,80],{"class":79},[33,87955,143],{"class":47},[14,87957,87958],{},"Important detail:",[316,87960,87961,87966,87973],{},[319,87962,87963,87965],{},[30,87964,86701],{}," writes a string",[319,87967,87968,14207,87970,87972],{},[30,87969,86701],{},[205,87971,4796],{}," add a newline for you",[319,87974,87975,87976,87428],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[30,87977,87129],{},[14,87979,87980,87981,453,87985,310],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[273,87982,87984],{"href":87983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[273,87986,87988],{"href":87987},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[18,87990,87992],{"id":87991},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87994,87995],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[664,87997,87999],{"id":87998},"encodingutf-8",[30,88000,86946],{},[14,88002,88003],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[23,88005,88007],{"className":25,"code":88006,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[30,88008,88009,88052],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88010,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88012,86570],{"class":4046},[33,88014,86573],{"class":156},[33,88016,133],{"class":47},[33,88018,80],{"class":79},[33,88020,88021],{"class":83},"message.txt",[33,88023,80],{"class":79},[33,88025,55],{"class":47},[33,88027,91],{"class":79},[33,88029,1617],{"class":83},[33,88031,80],{"class":79},[33,88033,55],{"class":47},[33,88035,86595],{"class":9331},[33,88037,44],{"class":43},[33,88039,80],{"class":79},[33,88041,86602],{"class":83},[33,88043,80],{"class":79},[33,88045,3831],{"class":47},[33,88047,47511],{"class":4046},[33,88049,86612],{"class":86611},[33,88051,6553],{"class":47},[33,88053,88054,88056,88058,88060,88062,88064],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88055,8227],{"class":156},[33,88057,133],{"class":47},[33,88059,86718],{"class":86611},[33,88061,310],{"class":47},[33,88063,86628],{"class":162},[33,88065,7353],{"class":47},[14,88067,88068],{},"Why it matters:",[316,88070,88071,88074,88077],{},[319,88072,88073],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[319,88075,88076],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[319,88078,88079],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[664,88081,88083],{"id":88082},"newline",[30,88084,88082],{},[14,88086,88087],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,88089,88090],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[664,88092,88094],{"id":88093},"buffering",[30,88095,88093],{},[14,88097,88098],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,88100,88101],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[18,88103,88105],{"id":88104},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,88107,88108],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[664,88110,88112],{"id":88111},"filenotfounderror",[30,88113,88114],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,88116,88117],{},"This happens when:",[316,88119,88120,88123,88126],{},[319,88121,88122],{},"the file does not exist",[319,88124,88125],{},"the path is wrong",[319,88127,88128],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,88130,367],{},[23,88132,88134],{"className":25,"code":88133,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[30,88135,88136,88179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88137,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88139,86570],{"class":4046},[33,88141,86573],{"class":156},[33,88143,133],{"class":47},[33,88145,80],{"class":79},[33,88147,88148],{"class":83},"missing.txt",[33,88150,80],{"class":79},[33,88152,55],{"class":47},[33,88154,91],{"class":79},[33,88156,1617],{"class":83},[33,88158,80],{"class":79},[33,88160,55],{"class":47},[33,88162,86595],{"class":9331},[33,88164,44],{"class":43},[33,88166,80],{"class":79},[33,88168,86602],{"class":83},[33,88170,80],{"class":79},[33,88172,3831],{"class":47},[33,88174,47511],{"class":4046},[33,88176,86612],{"class":86611},[33,88178,6553],{"class":47},[33,88180,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88182,8227],{"class":156},[33,88184,133],{"class":47},[33,88186,86718],{"class":86611},[33,88188,310],{"class":47},[33,88190,86628],{"class":162},[33,88192,7353],{"class":47},[14,88194,88195,88196,2030,88204,310],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[273,88197,88199,88200,88203],{"href":88198},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[33,88201,88202],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[273,88205,88207],{"href":88206},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[664,88209,88211],{"id":88210},"permissionerror",[30,88212,88213],{},"PermissionError",[14,88215,88216],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,88218,88219],{},"Example causes:",[316,88221,88222,88225,88228],{},[319,88223,88224],{},"the file is protected",[319,88226,88227],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[319,88229,88230],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,88232,88233,88234],{},"Related page: ",[273,88235,88237,88238,88241],{"href":88236},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[33,88239,88240],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[664,88243,88245],{"id":88244},"isadirectoryerror",[30,88246,88247],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,88249,88250],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,88252,367],{},[23,88254,88256],{"className":25,"code":88255,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[30,88257,88258,88301],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88259,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295,88297,88299],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88261,86570],{"class":4046},[33,88263,86573],{"class":156},[33,88265,133],{"class":47},[33,88267,80],{"class":79},[33,88269,88270],{"class":83},"my_folder",[33,88272,80],{"class":79},[33,88274,55],{"class":47},[33,88276,91],{"class":79},[33,88278,1617],{"class":83},[33,88280,80],{"class":79},[33,88282,55],{"class":47},[33,88284,86595],{"class":9331},[33,88286,44],{"class":43},[33,88288,80],{"class":79},[33,88290,86602],{"class":83},[33,88292,80],{"class":79},[33,88294,3831],{"class":47},[33,88296,47511],{"class":4046},[33,88298,86612],{"class":86611},[33,88300,6553],{"class":47},[33,88302,88303,88305,88307,88309,88311,88313],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88304,8227],{"class":156},[33,88306,133],{"class":47},[33,88308,86718],{"class":86611},[33,88310,310],{"class":47},[33,88312,86628],{"class":162},[33,88314,7353],{"class":47},[14,88316,88233,88317],{},[273,88318,88320,88321,88324],{"href":88319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[33,88322,88323],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[664,88326,88328],{"id":88327},"unicodedecodeerror",[30,88329,88330],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,88332,88333,88334,310],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[30,88335,86551],{},[14,88337,88233,88338],{},[273,88339,88341],{"href":88340},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[18,88343,88345],{"id":88344},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,88347,88348,88349,88351],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[30,88350,86551],{}," function.",[14,88353,88354],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[316,88356,88357,88360,88363,88369],{},[319,88358,88359],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[319,88361,88362],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[319,88364,88365,88366,88368],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[30,88367,86551],{}," itself",[319,88370,88371,88372],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[273,88373,88375],{"href":88374},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[18,88377,3006],{"id":3005},[14,88379,88380,88381,3061],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[30,88382,86551],{},[316,88384,88385,88390,88396,88401,88404,88407],{},[319,88386,1357,88387,88389],{},[30,88388,86649],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[319,88391,88392,88393,88395],{},"Forgetting to use ",[30,88394,86850],{}," for text files",[319,88397,1357,88398,88400],{},[30,88399,86966],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[319,88402,88403],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[319,88405,88406],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[319,88408,88409],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88411,88412],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[23,88414,88416],{"className":25,"code":88415,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[30,88417,88418,88425],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88419,88420,88422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88421,35247],{"class":4046},[33,88423,88424],{"class":39}," os\n",[33,88426,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88438],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88428,157],{"class":156},[33,88430,133],{"class":47},[33,88432,42779],{"class":162},[33,88434,310],{"class":47},[33,88436,88437],{"class":162},"getcwd",[33,88439,7353],{"class":47},[14,88441,88442],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[23,88444,88446],{"className":25,"code":88445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[30,88447,88448,88454],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88449,88450,88452],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88451,35247],{"class":4046},[33,88453,88424],{"class":39},[33,88455,88456,88458,88460,88462,88464,88467,88469,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88457,157],{"class":156},[33,88459,133],{"class":47},[33,88461,42779],{"class":162},[33,88463,310],{"class":47},[33,88465,88466],{"class":24904},"path",[33,88468,310],{"class":47},[33,88470,88471],{"class":162},"exists",[33,88473,133],{"class":47},[33,88475,80],{"class":79},[33,88477,86580],{"class":83},[33,88479,80],{"class":79},[33,88481,733],{"class":47},[14,88483,88484],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[23,88486,88488],{"className":25,"code":88487,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[30,88489,88490,88496],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88491,88492,88494],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88493,35247],{"class":4046},[33,88495,88424],{"class":39},[33,88497,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88513,88515,88517,88519,88521],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88499,157],{"class":156},[33,88501,133],{"class":47},[33,88503,42779],{"class":162},[33,88505,310],{"class":47},[33,88507,88466],{"class":24904},[33,88509,310],{"class":47},[33,88511,88512],{"class":162},"isfile",[33,88514,133],{"class":47},[33,88516,80],{"class":79},[33,88518,86580],{"class":83},[33,88520,80],{"class":79},[33,88522,733],{"class":47},[14,88524,88525],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[23,88527,88529],{"className":25,"code":88528,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[30,88530,88531,88573],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88532,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88534,86570],{"class":4046},[33,88536,86573],{"class":156},[33,88538,133],{"class":47},[33,88540,80],{"class":79},[33,88542,86580],{"class":83},[33,88544,80],{"class":79},[33,88546,55],{"class":47},[33,88548,91],{"class":79},[33,88550,1617],{"class":83},[33,88552,80],{"class":79},[33,88554,55],{"class":47},[33,88556,86595],{"class":9331},[33,88558,44],{"class":43},[33,88560,80],{"class":79},[33,88562,86602],{"class":83},[33,88564,80],{"class":79},[33,88566,3831],{"class":47},[33,88568,47511],{"class":4046},[33,88570,86612],{"class":86611},[33,88572,6553],{"class":47},[33,88574,88575,88577,88579,88581,88583,88585],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88576,8227],{"class":156},[33,88578,133],{"class":47},[33,88580,86718],{"class":86611},[33,88582,310],{"class":47},[33,88584,86628],{"class":162},[33,88586,7353],{"class":47},[14,88588,88589],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[18,88591,1961],{"id":1960},[664,88593,88595],{"id":88594},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88597,88598],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[664,88600,88602],{"id":88601},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88604,88605,88606,88608],{},"Use it inside a ",[30,88607,86570],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[664,88610,2027,88612,2030,88614,88616],{"id":88611},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[30,88613,86966],{},[30,88615,18249],{}," mode?",[14,88618,88619,88621,88622,88624],{},[30,88620,86966],{}," overwrites the file. ",[30,88623,18249],{}," adds new content to the end.",[664,88626,88628],{"id":88627},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88630,88631],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[664,88633,88635],{"id":88634},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88637,88638,88639,88641],{},"It is a good habit. ",[30,88640,86946],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[18,88643,2045],{"id":2044},[316,88645,88646,88650,88654,88658,88662,88666,88670,88676],{},[319,88647,88648],{},[273,88649,87779],{"href":87778},[319,88651,88652],{},[273,88653,87984],{"href":87983},[319,88655,88656],{},[273,88657,87988],{"href":87987},[319,88659,88660],{},[273,88661,87783],{"href":87782},[319,88663,88664],{},[273,88665,88375],{"href":88374},[319,88667,88668],{},[273,88669,88207],{"href":88206},[319,88671,88672],{},[273,88673,88199,88674,88203],{"href":88198},[33,88675,88202],{},[319,88677,88678],{},[273,88679,88237,88680,88241],{"href":88236},[33,88681,88240],{},[2097,88683,88684],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":88686},[88687,88688,88689,88690,88691,88692,88693,88698,88699,88704,88710,88711,88712,88720],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":86653,"depth":69,"text":86654},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":86950,"depth":69,"text":86951},{"id":87214,"depth":69,"text":87215},{"id":87338,"depth":69,"text":87339},{"id":87521,"depth":69,"text":87522,"children":88694},[88695,88696,88697],{"id":87531,"depth":110,"text":87532},{"id":87610,"depth":110,"text":87611},{"id":87693,"depth":110,"text":87694},{"id":87786,"depth":69,"text":87787},{"id":87991,"depth":69,"text":87992,"children":88700},[88701,88702,88703],{"id":87998,"depth":110,"text":86946},{"id":88082,"depth":110,"text":88082},{"id":88093,"depth":110,"text":88093},{"id":88104,"depth":69,"text":88105,"children":88705},[88706,88707,88708,88709],{"id":88111,"depth":110,"text":88114},{"id":88210,"depth":110,"text":88213},{"id":88244,"depth":110,"text":88247},{"id":88327,"depth":110,"text":88330},{"id":88344,"depth":69,"text":88345},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":88713},[88714,88715,88716,88718,88719],{"id":88594,"depth":110,"text":88595},{"id":88601,"depth":110,"text":88602},{"id":88611,"depth":110,"text":88717},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88627,"depth":110,"text":88628},{"id":88634,"depth":110,"text":88635},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86541,"description":88721},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88728,"title":88729,"body":88730,"description":90725,"extension":2138,"meta":90726,"navigation":149,"path":90727,"seo":90728,"stem":90729,"__hash__":90730},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88731,"toc":90672},[88732,88737,88742,88748,88750,88818,88820,88839,88844,88849,88854,88857,88869,88871,88914,88916,88934,88945,88947,88949,88974,88976,88987,88989,89049,89051,89077,89080,89084,89089,89093,89096,89130,89134,89137,89162,89166,89189,89193,89226,89231,89235,89240,89243,89311,89313,89337,89342,89345,89376,89378,89410,89427,89431,89436,89460,89467,89472,89477,89480,89484,89519,89521,89530,89534,89625,89627,89658,89663,89670,89675,89684,89687,89721,89723,89737,89741,89782,89784,89793,89797,89845,89847,89861,89866,89877,89884,89890,89892,89927,89929,89943,89946,89968,89974,90003,90014,90020,90026,90040,90042,90121,90123,90173,90180,90182,90187,90191,90194,90209,90214,90216,90235,90241,90244,90259,90261,90279,90285,90290,90320,90323,90346,90349,90376,90383,90389,90397,90420,90425,90433,90435,90455,90459,90465,90515,90518,90540,90542,90548,90556,90562,90568,90576,90581,90585,90588,90611,90616,90623,90635,90637,90669],[10,88733,2076,88735,2079],{"id":88734},"python-print-function-explained",[30,88736,46606],{},[14,88738,32472,88739,88741],{},[30,88740,46606],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88743,88744,88745,88747],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[30,88746,46606],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[18,88749,2180],{"id":2179},[23,88751,88753],{"className":25,"code":88752,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[30,88754,88755,88767,88776,88780,88790,88800],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88756,88757,88759,88761,88763,88765],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88758,8034],{"class":39},[33,88760,44],{"class":43},[33,88762,91],{"class":79},[33,88764,8079],{"class":83},[33,88766,3532],{"class":79},[33,88768,88769,88771,88773],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88770,21782],{"class":39},[33,88772,44],{"class":43},[33,88774,88775],{"class":51}," 12\n",[33,88777,88778],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,88779,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,88781,88782,88784,88786,88788],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,88783,157],{"class":156},[33,88785,133],{"class":47},[33,88787,7827],{"class":162},[33,88789,143],{"class":47},[33,88791,88792,88794,88796,88798],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,88793,157],{"class":156},[33,88795,133],{"class":47},[33,88797,9453],{"class":162},[33,88799,143],{"class":47},[33,88801,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810,88812,88814,88816],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,88803,157],{"class":156},[33,88805,133],{"class":47},[33,88807,80],{"class":79},[33,88809,35023],{"class":83},[33,88811,80],{"class":79},[33,88813,55],{"class":47},[33,88815,36147],{"class":162},[33,88817,143],{"class":47},[14,88819,207],{},[23,88821,88823],{"className":25,"code":88822,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[30,88824,88825,88830,88834],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88826,88827],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88828,88829],{"class":39},"Mia\n",[33,88831,88832],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88833,2402],{"class":51},[33,88835,88836],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,88837,88838],{"class":39},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88840,672,88841,88843],{},[30,88842,46606],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[18,88845,3848,88847,3851],{"id":88846},"what-print-does",[30,88848,46606],{},[14,88850,88851,88853],{},[30,88852,46606],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88855,88856],{},"You can use it to display:",[316,88858,88859,88861,88863,88866],{},[319,88860,34864],{},[319,88862,163],{},[319,88864,88865],{},"variables",[319,88867,88868],{},"expressions",[14,88870,367],{},[23,88872,88874],{"className":25,"code":88873,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[30,88875,88876,88890,88900],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88877,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88879,157],{"class":156},[33,88881,133],{"class":47},[33,88883,80],{"class":79},[33,88885,35023],{"class":83},[33,88887,80],{"class":79},[33,88889,143],{"class":47},[33,88891,88892,88894,88896,88898],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88893,157],{"class":156},[33,88895,133],{"class":47},[33,88897,1085],{"class":51},[33,88899,143],{"class":47},[33,88901,88902,88904,88906,88908,88910,88912],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,88903,157],{"class":156},[33,88905,133],{"class":47},[33,88907,2234],{"class":51},[33,88909,2629],{"class":43},[33,88911,63],{"class":51},[33,88913,143],{"class":47},[14,88915,207],{},[23,88917,88919],{"className":25,"code":88918,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[30,88920,88921,88926,88930],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88922,88923],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88924,88925],{"class":39},"Hello\n",[33,88927,88928],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,88929,3123],{"class":51},[33,88931,88932],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,88933,3123],{"class":51},[14,88935,88936,88937,88939,88940,88944],{},"A very important detail is that ",[30,88938,46606],{}," ",[205,88941,3863,88942],{},[30,88943,3950],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[18,88946,2334],{"id":2333},[14,88948,30879],{},[23,88950,88952],{"className":25,"code":88951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[30,88953,88954],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88955,88956,88958,88960,88963,88965,88968,88970,88972],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88957,157],{"class":156},[33,88959,133],{"class":47},[33,88961,88962],{"class":162},"object1",[33,88964,55],{"class":47},[33,88966,88967],{"class":162}," object2",[33,88969,55],{"class":47},[33,88971,34610],{"class":156},[33,88973,143],{"class":47},[14,88975,80179],{},[316,88977,88978,88981,88984],{},[319,88979,88980],{},"one value",[319,88982,88983],{},"many values",[319,88985,88986],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88988,367],{},[23,88990,88992],{"className":25,"code":88991,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[30,88993,88994,89008,89027],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,88995,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004,89006],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,88997,157],{"class":156},[33,88999,133],{"class":47},[33,89001,80],{"class":79},[33,89003,57912],{"class":83},[33,89005,80],{"class":79},[33,89007,143],{"class":47},[33,89009,89010,89012,89014,89016,89019,89021,89023,89025],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89011,157],{"class":156},[33,89013,133],{"class":47},[33,89015,80],{"class":79},[33,89017,89018],{"class":83},"Score:",[33,89020,80],{"class":79},[33,89022,55],{"class":47},[33,89024,393],{"class":51},[33,89026,143],{"class":47},[33,89028,89029,89031,89033,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043,89045,89047],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,89030,157],{"class":156},[33,89032,133],{"class":47},[33,89034,80],{"class":79},[33,89036,45717],{"class":83},[33,89038,80],{"class":79},[33,89040,55],{"class":47},[33,89042,1132],{"class":51},[33,89044,2629],{"class":43},[33,89046,37798],{"class":51},[33,89048,143],{"class":47},[14,89050,207],{},[23,89052,89054],{"className":25,"code":89053,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[30,89055,89056,89060,89069],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89057,89058],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89059,85332],{"class":39},[33,89061,89062,89065,89067],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89063,89064],{"class":39},"Score",[33,89066,3061],{"class":47},[33,89068,2762],{"class":51},[33,89070,89071,89073,89075],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,89072,45757],{"class":39},[33,89074,3061],{"class":47},[33,89076,2762],{"class":51},[14,89078,89079],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[18,89081,89083],{"id":89082},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89085,89086,89087,310],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[30,89088,46606],{},[664,89090,89092],{"id":89091},"print-text","Print text",[14,89094,89095],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[23,89097,89099],{"className":25,"code":89098,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[30,89100,89101,89115],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89102,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89104,157],{"class":156},[33,89106,133],{"class":47},[33,89108,80],{"class":79},[33,89110,35023],{"class":83},[33,89112,80],{"class":79},[33,89114,143],{"class":47},[33,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89126,89128],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89118,157],{"class":156},[33,89120,133],{"class":47},[33,89122,80],{"class":79},[33,89124,89125],{"class":83},"Python is fun",[33,89127,80],{"class":79},[33,89129,143],{"class":47},[664,89131,89133],{"id":89132},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89135,89136],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[23,89138,89140],{"className":25,"code":89139,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[30,89141,89142,89152],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89143,89144,89146,89148,89150],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89145,157],{"class":156},[33,89147,133],{"class":47},[33,89149,1085],{"class":51},[33,89151,143],{"class":47},[33,89153,89154,89156,89158,89160],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89155,157],{"class":156},[33,89157,133],{"class":47},[33,89159,40298],{"class":51},[33,89161,143],{"class":47},[664,89163,89165],{"id":89164},"print-variables","Print variables",[23,89167,89169],{"className":25,"code":89168,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[30,89170,89171,89179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89172,89173,89175,89177],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89174,5260],{"class":39},[33,89176,44],{"class":43},[33,89178,14284],{"class":51},[33,89180,89181,89183,89185,89187],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89182,157],{"class":156},[33,89184,133],{"class":47},[33,89186,85496],{"class":162},[33,89188,143],{"class":47},[664,89190,89192],{"id":89191},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[23,89194,89196],{"className":25,"code":89195,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[30,89197,89198,89212],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89199,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89201,157],{"class":156},[33,89203,133],{"class":47},[33,89205,2234],{"class":51},[33,89207,2629],{"class":43},[33,89209,63],{"class":51},[33,89211,143],{"class":47},[33,89213,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89215,157],{"class":156},[33,89217,133],{"class":47},[33,89219,538],{"class":51},[33,89221,82808],{"class":43},[33,89223,1132],{"class":51},[33,89225,143],{"class":47},[14,89227,89228,89229,310],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[273,89230,51130],{"href":51129},[18,89232,89234],{"id":89233},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89236,89237,89239],{},[30,89238,46606],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89241,89242],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[23,89244,89246],{"className":25,"code":89245,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[30,89247,89248,89261,89269,89273,89292],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89249,89250,89252,89254,89256,89259],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89251,8034],{"class":39},[33,89253,44],{"class":43},[33,89255,91],{"class":79},[33,89257,89258],{"class":83},"Ava",[33,89260,3532],{"class":79},[33,89262,89263,89265,89267],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89264,21782],{"class":39},[33,89266,44],{"class":43},[33,89268,2762],{"class":51},[33,89270,89271],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,89272,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,89274,89275,89277,89279,89281,89284,89286,89288,89290],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,89276,157],{"class":156},[33,89278,133],{"class":47},[33,89280,80],{"class":79},[33,89282,89283],{"class":83},"Name:",[33,89285,80],{"class":79},[33,89287,55],{"class":47},[33,89289,36147],{"class":162},[33,89291,143],{"class":47},[33,89293,89294,89296,89298,89300,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,89295,157],{"class":156},[33,89297,133],{"class":47},[33,89299,80],{"class":79},[33,89301,89302],{"class":83},"Age:",[33,89304,80],{"class":79},[33,89306,55],{"class":47},[33,89308,9344],{"class":162},[33,89310,143],{"class":47},[14,89312,207],{},[23,89314,89316],{"className":25,"code":89315,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[30,89317,89318,89328],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89319,89320,89323,89325],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89321,89322],{"class":39},"Name",[33,89324,3061],{"class":47},[33,89326,89327],{"class":39}," Ava\n",[33,89329,89330,89333,89335],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89331,89332],{"class":39},"Age",[33,89334,3061],{"class":47},[33,89336,2762],{"class":51},[14,89338,89339,89340,310],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[30,89341,2237],{},[14,89343,89344],{},"For example, this works:",[23,89346,89348],{"className":25,"code":89347,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[30,89349,89350,89358],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89351,89352,89354,89356],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89353,21782],{"class":39},[33,89355,44],{"class":43},[33,89357,2762],{"class":51},[33,89359,89360,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372,89374],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89361,157],{"class":156},[33,89363,133],{"class":47},[33,89365,80],{"class":79},[33,89367,89302],{"class":83},[33,89369,80],{"class":79},[33,89371,55],{"class":47},[33,89373,9344],{"class":162},[33,89375,143],{"class":47},[14,89377,37080],{},[23,89379,89381],{"className":25,"code":89380,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[30,89382,89383,89391],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89384,89385,89387,89389],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89386,21782],{"class":39},[33,89388,44],{"class":43},[33,89390,2762],{"class":51},[33,89392,89393,89395,89397,89399,89402,89404,89406,89408],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89394,157],{"class":156},[33,89396,133],{"class":47},[33,89398,80],{"class":79},[33,89400,89401],{"class":83},"Age: ",[33,89403,80],{"class":79},[33,89405,2629],{"class":43},[33,89407,9344],{"class":162},[33,89409,143],{"class":47},[14,89411,89412,89413,89416,89417,89419,89420,89422,89423,310],{},"That fails because ",[30,89414,89415],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[30,89418,9453],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[30,89421,2237],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[273,89424,89425],{"href":42328},[30,89426,47837],{},[18,89428,89430],{"id":89429},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89432,89433,89435],{},[30,89434,46606],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[316,89437,89438,89444,89449,89454],{},[319,89439,89440,89443],{},[30,89441,89442],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[319,89445,89446,89448],{},[30,89447,52812],{}," controls what is added after the output",[319,89450,89451,89453],{},[30,89452,86718],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[319,89455,89456,89459],{},[30,89457,89458],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89461,89462,89463,2030,89465,310],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[30,89464,89442],{},[30,89466,52812],{},[18,89468,89470,36769],{"id":89469},"sep-argument",[30,89471,89442],{},[14,89473,2155,89474,89476],{},[30,89475,89442],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89478,89479],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[664,89481,89483],{"id":89482},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[23,89485,89487],{"className":25,"code":89486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[30,89488,89489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89490,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509,89511,89513,89515,89517],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89492,157],{"class":156},[33,89494,133],{"class":47},[33,89496,80],{"class":79},[33,89498,13246],{"class":83},[33,89500,80],{"class":79},[33,89502,55],{"class":47},[33,89504,91],{"class":79},[33,89506,17608],{"class":83},[33,89508,80],{"class":79},[33,89510,55],{"class":47},[33,89512,91],{"class":79},[33,89514,13263],{"class":83},[33,89516,80],{"class":79},[33,89518,143],{"class":47},[14,89520,207],{},[23,89522,89524],{"className":25,"code":89523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"red green blue\n",[30,89525,89526],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89527,89528],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89529,89523],{"class":39},[664,89531,89533],{"id":89532},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[23,89535,89537],{"className":25,"code":89536,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[30,89538,89539,89582],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89540,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89542,157],{"class":156},[33,89544,133],{"class":47},[33,89546,80],{"class":79},[33,89548,13246],{"class":83},[33,89550,80],{"class":79},[33,89552,55],{"class":47},[33,89554,91],{"class":79},[33,89556,17608],{"class":83},[33,89558,80],{"class":79},[33,89560,55],{"class":47},[33,89562,91],{"class":79},[33,89564,13263],{"class":83},[33,89566,80],{"class":79},[33,89568,55],{"class":47},[33,89570,89571],{"class":9331}," sep",[33,89573,44],{"class":43},[33,89575,80],{"class":79},[33,89577,55],{"class":83},[33,89579,80],{"class":79},[33,89581,143],{"class":47},[33,89583,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616,89618,89621,89623],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89585,157],{"class":156},[33,89587,133],{"class":47},[33,89589,80],{"class":79},[33,89591,13246],{"class":83},[33,89593,80],{"class":79},[33,89595,55],{"class":47},[33,89597,91],{"class":79},[33,89599,17608],{"class":83},[33,89601,80],{"class":79},[33,89603,55],{"class":47},[33,89605,91],{"class":79},[33,89607,13263],{"class":83},[33,89609,80],{"class":79},[33,89611,55],{"class":47},[33,89613,89571],{"class":9331},[33,89615,44],{"class":43},[33,89617,80],{"class":79},[33,89619,89620],{"class":83}," - ",[33,89622,80],{"class":79},[33,89624,143],{"class":47},[14,89626,207],{},[23,89628,89630],{"className":25,"code":89629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[30,89631,89632,89644],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89633,89634,89636,89638,89640,89642],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89635,13246],{"class":39},[33,89637,55],{"class":47},[33,89639,17608],{"class":39},[33,89641,55],{"class":47},[33,89643,69957],{"class":39},[33,89645,89646,89649,89651,89654,89656],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89647,89648],{"class":39},"red ",[33,89650,2199],{"class":43},[33,89652,89653],{"class":39}," green ",[33,89655,2199],{"class":43},[33,89657,36038],{"class":39},[14,89659,89660,89662],{},[30,89661,89442],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89664,89665,89666,310],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[273,89667,89669],{"href":89668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[18,89671,89673,36769],{"id":89672},"end-argument",[30,89674,52812],{},[14,89676,89677,89678,89680,89681,89683],{},"By default, ",[30,89679,46606],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[30,89682,46606],{}," starts on a new line.",[664,89685,89483],{"id":89686},"default-behavior-1",[23,89688,89690],{"className":25,"code":89689,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[30,89691,89692,89706],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89693,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89695,157],{"class":156},[33,89697,133],{"class":47},[33,89699,80],{"class":79},[33,89701,35023],{"class":83},[33,89703,80],{"class":79},[33,89705,143],{"class":47},[33,89707,89708,89710,89712,89714,89717,89719],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89709,157],{"class":156},[33,89711,133],{"class":47},[33,89713,80],{"class":79},[33,89715,89716],{"class":83},"World",[33,89718,80],{"class":79},[33,89720,143],{"class":47},[14,89722,207],{},[23,89724,89726],{"className":25,"code":89725,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello\nWorld\n",[30,89727,89728,89732],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89729,89730],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89731,88925],{"class":39},[33,89733,89734],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89735,89736],{"class":39},"World\n",[664,89738,89740],{"id":89739},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[23,89742,89744],{"className":25,"code":89743,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[30,89745,89746,89768],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89747,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89749,157],{"class":156},[33,89751,133],{"class":47},[33,89753,80],{"class":79},[33,89755,35023],{"class":83},[33,89757,80],{"class":79},[33,89759,55],{"class":47},[33,89761,65016],{"class":9331},[33,89763,44],{"class":43},[33,89765,6431],{"class":79},[33,89767,143],{"class":47},[33,89769,89770,89772,89774,89776,89778,89780],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89771,157],{"class":156},[33,89773,133],{"class":47},[33,89775,80],{"class":79},[33,89777,89716],{"class":83},[33,89779,80],{"class":79},[33,89781,143],{"class":47},[14,89783,207],{},[23,89785,89787],{"className":25,"code":89786,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"HelloWorld\n",[30,89788,89789],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89790,89791],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89792,89786],{"class":39},[664,89794,89796],{"id":89795},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[23,89798,89800],{"className":25,"code":89799,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[30,89801,89802,89831],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89803,89804,89806,89808,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89825,89827,89829],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89805,157],{"class":156},[33,89807,133],{"class":47},[33,89809,80],{"class":79},[33,89811,35023],{"class":83},[33,89813,80],{"class":79},[33,89815,55],{"class":47},[33,89817,65016],{"class":9331},[33,89819,44],{"class":43},[33,89821,80],{"class":79},[33,89823,89824],{"class":83},"!",[33,89826,87129],{"class":34609},[33,89828,80],{"class":79},[33,89830,143],{"class":47},[33,89832,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89834,157],{"class":156},[33,89836,133],{"class":47},[33,89838,80],{"class":79},[33,89840,89716],{"class":83},[33,89842,80],{"class":79},[33,89844,143],{"class":47},[14,89846,207],{},[23,89848,89850],{"className":25,"code":89849,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[30,89851,89852,89857],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89853,89854],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89855,89856],{"class":39},"Hello!\n",[33,89858,89859],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89860,89736],{"class":39},[14,89862,2155,89863,89865],{},[30,89864,52812],{}," argument is useful for:",[316,89867,89868,89871,89874],{},[319,89869,89870],{},"progress messages",[319,89872,89873],{},"inline output",[319,89875,89876],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[18,89878,89880,2572,89882],{"id":89879},"print-returns-none",[30,89881,46606],{},[30,89883,3950],{},[14,89885,89886,89887,89889],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[30,89888,46606],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89891,367],{},[23,89893,89895],{"className":25,"code":89894,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,89896,89897,89917],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89898,89899,89901,89903,89906,89908,89910,89913,89915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89900,1506],{"class":39},[33,89902,44],{"class":43},[33,89904,89905],{"class":156}," print",[33,89907,133],{"class":47},[33,89909,80],{"class":79},[33,89911,89912],{"class":83},"Hi",[33,89914,80],{"class":79},[33,89916,143],{"class":47},[33,89918,89919,89921,89923,89925],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89920,157],{"class":156},[33,89922,133],{"class":47},[33,89924,1530],{"class":162},[33,89926,143],{"class":47},[14,89928,207],{},[23,89930,89932],{"className":25,"code":89931,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hi\nNone\n",[30,89933,89934,89939],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89935,89936],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89937,89938],{"class":39},"Hi\n",[33,89940,89941],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89942,11961],{"class":398},[14,89944,89945],{},"Why does this happen?",[316,89947,89948,89956,89961],{},[319,89949,89950,89953,89954],{},[30,89951,89952],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[30,89955,89912],{},[319,89957,89958,89959],{},"but the function itself returns ",[30,89960,3950],{},[319,89962,89963,89964,12073,89966],{},"so ",[30,89965,1530],{},[30,89967,3950],{},[14,89969,89970,89971,89973],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[30,89972,46606],{}," call.",[23,89975,89977],{"className":25,"code":89976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[30,89978,89979,89992],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,89980,89981,89984,89986,89988,89990],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,89982,89983],{"class":39},"message ",[33,89985,44],{"class":43},[33,89987,91],{"class":79},[33,89989,89912],{"class":83},[33,89991,3532],{"class":79},[33,89993,89994,89996,89998,90001],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,89995,157],{"class":156},[33,89997,133],{"class":47},[33,89999,90000],{"class":162},"message",[33,90002,143],{"class":47},[14,90004,90005,90006,90008,90009,90013],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[30,90007,46606],{}," with functions like ",[273,90010,90011],{"href":8377},[30,90012,3134],{},", which do return a value.",[18,90015,90017,90018],{"id":90016},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[30,90019,46606],{},[14,90021,90022,90023,90025],{},"Beginners use ",[30,90024,46606],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[316,90027,90028,90031,90034,90037],{},[319,90029,90030],{},"to display results to the user",[319,90032,90033],{},"to show messages in a script",[319,90035,90036],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[319,90038,90039],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90041,367],{},[23,90043,90045],{"className":25,"code":90044,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[30,90046,90047,90055,90059,90079,90090],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90048,90049,90051,90053],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90050,41336],{"class":39},[33,90052,44],{"class":43},[33,90054,38667],{"class":51},[33,90056,90057],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90058,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,90060,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069,90071,90073,90075,90077],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90062,6117],{"class":4046},[33,90064,6546],{"class":39},[33,90066,4053],{"class":4046},[33,90068,54218],{"class":156},[33,90070,133],{"class":47},[33,90072,52],{"class":51},[33,90074,55],{"class":47},[33,90076,1132],{"class":51},[33,90078,8498],{"class":47},[33,90080,90081,90084,90087],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,90082,90083],{"class":39},"    total ",[33,90085,90086],{"class":43},"+=",[33,90088,90089],{"class":39}," number\n",[33,90091,90092,90094,90096,90098,90101,90103,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115,90117,90119],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,90093,8227],{"class":156},[33,90095,133],{"class":47},[33,90097,80],{"class":79},[33,90099,90100],{"class":83},"Current number:",[33,90102,80],{"class":79},[33,90104,55],{"class":47},[33,90106,2374],{"class":162},[33,90108,55],{"class":47},[33,90110,91],{"class":79},[33,90112,45717],{"class":83},[33,90114,80],{"class":79},[33,90116,55],{"class":47},[33,90118,45724],{"class":162},[33,90120,143],{"class":47},[14,90122,207],{},[23,90124,90126],{"className":25,"code":90125,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[30,90127,90128,90144,90158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90129,90130,90133,90135,90137,90140,90142],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90131,90132],{"class":39},"Current number",[33,90134,3061],{"class":47},[33,90136,1119],{"class":51},[33,90138,90139],{"class":39}," Total",[33,90141,3061],{"class":47},[33,90143,29768],{"class":51},[33,90145,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90147,90132],{"class":39},[33,90149,3061],{"class":47},[33,90151,58],{"class":51},[33,90153,90139],{"class":39},[33,90155,3061],{"class":47},[33,90157,2752],{"class":51},[33,90159,90160,90162,90164,90166,90168,90170],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90161,90132],{"class":39},[33,90163,3061],{"class":47},[33,90165,63],{"class":51},[33,90167,90139],{"class":39},[33,90169,3061],{"class":47},[33,90171,90172],{"class":51}," 6\n",[14,90174,90175,90176,310],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[273,90177,90179],{"href":90178},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[18,90181,3006],{"id":3005},[14,90183,90184,90185,310],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[30,90186,46606],{},[664,90188,90190],{"id":90189},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90192,90193],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[23,90195,90197],{"className":25,"code":90196,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(Hello)\n",[30,90198,90199],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90200,90201,90203,90205,90207],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90202,157],{"class":156},[33,90204,133],{"class":47},[33,90206,35023],{"class":162},[33,90208,143],{"class":47},[14,90210,9031,90211,90213],{},[30,90212,35023],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90215,1328],{},[23,90217,90219],{"className":25,"code":90218,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[30,90220,90221],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90222,90223,90225,90227,90229,90231,90233],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90224,157],{"class":156},[33,90226,133],{"class":47},[33,90228,80],{"class":79},[33,90230,35023],{"class":83},[33,90232,80],{"class":79},[33,90234,143],{"class":47},[664,90236,1357,90238,90240],{"id":90237},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[30,90239,157],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90242,90243],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[23,90245,90247],{"className":25,"code":90246,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print \"Hello\"\n",[30,90248,90249],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90250,90251,90253,90255,90257],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90252,157],{"class":156},[33,90254,91],{"class":79},[33,90256,35023],{"class":83},[33,90258,3532],{"class":79},[14,90260,1328],{},[23,90262,90263],{"className":25,"code":90218,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,90264,90265],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90268,157],{"class":156},[33,90270,133],{"class":47},[33,90272,80],{"class":79},[33,90274,35023],{"class":83},[33,90276,80],{"class":79},[33,90278,143],{"class":47},[664,90280,90282,90283],{"id":90281},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[30,90284,2237],{},[14,90286,90287,90288,310],{},"This causes a ",[30,90289,3181],{},[23,90291,90292],{"className":25,"code":89380,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,90293,90294,90302],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90295,90296,90298,90300],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90297,21782],{"class":39},[33,90299,44],{"class":43},[33,90301,2762],{"class":51},[33,90303,90304,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316,90318],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90305,157],{"class":156},[33,90307,133],{"class":47},[33,90309,80],{"class":79},[33,90311,89401],{"class":83},[33,90313,80],{"class":79},[33,90315,2629],{"class":43},[33,90317,9344],{"class":162},[33,90319,143],{"class":47},[14,90321,90322],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[23,90324,90326],{"className":25,"code":90325,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[30,90327,90328],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90329,90330,90332,90334,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90331,157],{"class":156},[33,90333,133],{"class":47},[33,90335,80],{"class":79},[33,90337,89302],{"class":83},[33,90339,80],{"class":79},[33,90341,55],{"class":47},[33,90343,9344],{"class":162},[33,90345,143],{"class":47},[14,90347,90348],{},"Or convert the number first:",[23,90350,90352],{"className":25,"code":90351,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[30,90353,90354],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90355,90356,90358,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90370,90372,90374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90357,157],{"class":156},[33,90359,133],{"class":47},[33,90361,80],{"class":79},[33,90363,89401],{"class":83},[33,90365,80],{"class":79},[33,90367,2629],{"class":43},[33,90369,49058],{"class":129},[33,90371,133],{"class":47},[33,90373,9453],{"class":162},[33,90375,733],{"class":47},[14,90377,90378,90379,310],{},"If you see this error, read ",[273,90380,90382],{"href":90381},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[664,90384,1487,90386,90388],{"id":90385},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[30,90387,46606],{}," to return a value",[14,90390,90391,90392,35486,90395,3061],{},"This does not store ",[30,90393,90394],{},"\"Hello\"",[30,90396,1530],{},[23,90398,90400],{"className":25,"code":90399,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[30,90401,90402],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90403,90404,90406,90408,90410,90412,90414,90416,90418],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90405,1506],{"class":39},[33,90407,44],{"class":43},[33,90409,89905],{"class":156},[33,90411,133],{"class":47},[33,90413,80],{"class":79},[33,90415,35023],{"class":83},[33,90417,80],{"class":79},[33,90419,143],{"class":47},[14,90421,90422,90423,310],{},"It stores ",[30,90424,3950],{},[664,90426,90428,90429,2030,90431],{"id":90427},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[30,90430,89442],{},[30,90432,52812],{},[14,90434,85788],{},[316,90436,90437,90446],{},[319,90438,90439,90441,90442,90445],{},[30,90440,89442],{}," changes what goes ",[205,90443,90444],{},"between"," multiple values",[319,90447,90448,90450,90451,90454],{},[30,90449,52812],{}," changes what appears ",[205,90452,90453],{},"after"," the output",[18,90456,90458],{"id":90457},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90460,90461,90462,90464],{},"These simple ",[30,90463,46606],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[23,90466,90468],{"className":25,"code":90467,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[30,90469,90470,90490,90505],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90471,90472,90474,90476,90478,90481,90483,90485,90488],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90473,157],{"class":156},[33,90475,133],{"class":47},[33,90477,80],{"class":79},[33,90479,90480],{"class":83},"Debug:",[33,90482,80],{"class":79},[33,90484,55],{"class":47},[33,90486,90487],{"class":162}," variable_name",[33,90489,143],{"class":47},[33,90491,90492,90494,90496,90498,90500,90503],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90493,157],{"class":156},[33,90495,133],{"class":47},[33,90497,1406],{"class":129},[33,90499,133],{"class":47},[33,90501,90502],{"class":162},"variable_name",[33,90504,733],{"class":47},[33,90506,90507,90509,90511,90513],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90508,32307],{"class":156},[33,90510,133],{"class":47},[33,90512,157],{"class":156},[33,90514,143],{"class":47},[14,90516,90517],{},"What they do:",[316,90519,90520,90526,90532],{},[319,90521,90522,90525],{},[30,90523,90524],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[319,90527,90528,90531],{},[30,90529,90530],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[319,90533,90534,90537,90538],{},[30,90535,90536],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[30,90539,46606],{},[18,90541,1961],{"id":1960},[664,90543,12857,90545,90547],{"id":90544},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[30,90546,46606],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90549,90550,90551,90553,90554,36775],{},"Yes. By default, ",[30,90552,46606],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[30,90555,52812],{},[664,90557,5334,90559,90561],{"id":90558},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[30,90560,46606],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90563,90564,90565,90567],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[30,90566,46606],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[664,90569,5322,90571,5325,90574,2033],{"id":90570},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[30,90572,90573],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[30,90575,3950],{},[14,90577,29214,90578,90580],{},[30,90579,46606],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[664,90582,90584],{"id":90583},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90586,90587],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[23,90589,90591],{"className":25,"code":90590,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[30,90592,90593],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90594,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90596,157],{"class":156},[33,90598,133],{"class":47},[33,90600,80],{"class":79},[33,90602,89302],{"class":83},[33,90604,80],{"class":79},[33,90606,55],{"class":47},[33,90608,393],{"class":51},[33,90610,143],{"class":47},[14,90612,90613,90614,40084],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[30,90615,47837],{},[664,90617,2027,90619,2030,90621,2033],{"id":90618},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[30,90620,89442],{},[30,90622,52812],{},[316,90624,90625,90630],{},[319,90626,90627,90629],{},[30,90628,89442],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[319,90631,90632,90634],{},[30,90633,52812],{}," changes what appears after the output",[18,90636,2045],{"id":2044},[316,90638,90639,90643,90649,90655,90660,90665],{},[319,90640,90641],{},[273,90642,51130],{"href":51129},[319,90644,90645],{},[273,90646,2076,90647,3683],{"href":8377},[30,90648,3134],{},[319,90650,90651],{},[273,90652,2076,90653,3683],{"href":42328},[30,90654,47837],{},[319,90656,90657],{},[273,90658,90659],{"href":89668},"How to format strings in Python",[319,90661,90662],{},[273,90663,90664],{"href":90178},"How to debug Python code",[319,90666,90667],{},[273,90668,90382],{"href":90381},[2097,90670,90671],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":90673},[90674,90675,90677,90678,90684,90685,90686,90691,90697,90699,90701,90712,90713,90724],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":88846,"depth":69,"text":90676},"What print() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":89082,"depth":69,"text":89083,"children":90679},[90680,90681,90682,90683],{"id":89091,"depth":110,"text":89092},{"id":89132,"depth":110,"text":89133},{"id":89164,"depth":110,"text":89165},{"id":89191,"depth":110,"text":89192},{"id":89233,"depth":69,"text":89234},{"id":89429,"depth":69,"text":89430},{"id":89469,"depth":69,"text":90687,"children":90688},"sep argument",[90689,90690],{"id":89482,"depth":110,"text":89483},{"id":89532,"depth":110,"text":89533},{"id":89672,"depth":69,"text":90692,"children":90693},"end argument",[90694,90695,90696],{"id":89686,"depth":110,"text":89483},{"id":89739,"depth":110,"text":89740},{"id":89795,"depth":110,"text":89796},{"id":89879,"depth":69,"text":90698},"print() returns None",{"id":90016,"depth":69,"text":90700},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":90702},[90703,90704,90706,90708,90710],{"id":90189,"depth":110,"text":90190},{"id":90237,"depth":110,"text":90705},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90281,"depth":110,"text":90707},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90385,"depth":110,"text":90709},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90427,"depth":110,"text":90711},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90457,"depth":69,"text":90458},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":90714},[90715,90717,90719,90721,90722],{"id":90544,"depth":110,"text":90716},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90558,"depth":110,"text":90718},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90570,"depth":110,"text":90720},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90583,"depth":110,"text":90584},{"id":90618,"depth":110,"text":90723},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88729,"description":90725},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90732,"title":90733,"body":90734,"description":93038,"extension":2138,"meta":93039,"navigation":149,"path":93040,"seo":93041,"stem":93042,"__hash__":93043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90735,"toc":92984},[90736,90741,90746,90759,90761,90826,90837,90842,90847,90849,90872,90875,90906,90908,90925,90930,90936,90941,90990,90993,91010,91016,91021,91044,91046,91074,91080,91088,91115,91117,91142,91148,91151,91182,91184,91213,91217,91220,91225,91247,91249,91277,91283,91289,91315,91317,91341,91347,91353,91383,91385,91413,91423,91427,91433,91466,91468,91497,91500,91503,91536,91538,91546,91552,91554,91577,91582,91591,91596,91610,91612,91652,91654,91684,91688,91723,91729,91733,91777,91779,91809,91815,91818,91897,91899,91921,91929,91932,91995,92003,92078,92084,92091,92096,92101,92124,92126,92147,92149,92162,92164,92211,92213,92252,92261,92263,92267,92271,92274,92301,92304,92333,92336,92360,92363,92371,92377,92399,92401,92429,92433,92438,92493,92498,92500,92557,92564,92573,92576,92608,92610,92618,92621,92627,92629,92652,92655,92661,92664,92683,92685,92704,92707,92729,92731,92759,92763,92767,92872,92874,92887,92889,92895,92898,92906,92911,92917,92923,92928,92936,92942,92949,92951,92981],[10,90737,2076,90739,2079],{"id":90738},"python-range-function-explained",[30,90740,309],{},[14,90742,32472,90743,90745],{},[30,90744,309],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90747,90748,90749,90751,90752,90754,90755,90758],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[30,90750,6117],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[30,90753,309],{}," stops ",[205,90756,90757],{},"before"," the end value.",[18,90760,2180],{"id":2179},[23,90762,90764],{"className":25,"code":90763,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[30,90765,90766,90782,90792,90796,90801,90806,90811,90816,90821],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90767,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90769,6117],{"class":4046},[33,90771,69524],{"class":39},[33,90773,4053],{"class":4046},[33,90775,54218],{"class":156},[33,90777,133],{"class":47},[33,90779,1085],{"class":51},[33,90781,8498],{"class":47},[33,90783,90784,90786,90788,90790],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90785,8227],{"class":156},[33,90787,133],{"class":47},[33,90789,36308],{"class":162},[33,90791,143],{"class":47},[33,90793,90794],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90795,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,90797,90798],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,90799,90800],{"class":1308},"# Output:\n",[33,90802,90803],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,90804,90805],{"class":1308},"# 0\n",[33,90807,90808],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,90809,90810],{"class":1308},"# 1\n",[33,90812,90813],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,90814,90815],{"class":1308},"# 2\n",[33,90817,90818],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,90819,90820],{"class":1308},"# 3\n",[33,90822,90823],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,90824,90825],{"class":1308},"# 4\n",[14,90827,90828,90831,90832,90834,90835,310],{},[30,90829,90830],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[30,90833,1114],{}," and stopping before ",[30,90836,1085],{},[18,90838,3848,90840,3851],{"id":90839},"what-range-does",[30,90841,309],{},[14,90843,90844,90846],{},[30,90845,309],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90848,13205],{},[316,90850,90851,90856,90862,90867],{},[319,90852,90853,90855],{},[30,90854,309],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[319,90857,90858,90859,90861],{},"It is commonly used with ",[30,90860,6117],{}," loops",[319,90863,90864,90865],{},"The stop value is ",[205,90866,65045],{},[319,90868,17574,90869,90871],{},[30,90870,1080],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90873,90874],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[23,90876,90878],{"className":25,"code":90877,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[30,90879,90880,90896],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90881,90882,90884,90886,90888,90890,90892,90894],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90883,6117],{"class":4046},[33,90885,6546],{"class":39},[33,90887,4053],{"class":4046},[33,90889,54218],{"class":156},[33,90891,133],{"class":47},[33,90893,2240],{"class":51},[33,90895,8498],{"class":47},[33,90897,90898,90900,90902,90904],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90899,8227],{"class":156},[33,90901,133],{"class":47},[33,90903,2416],{"class":162},[33,90905,143],{"class":47},[14,90907,207],{},[23,90909,90911],{"className":25,"code":90910,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0\n1\n2\n",[30,90912,90913,90917,90921],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90914,90915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90916,751],{"class":51},[33,90918,90919],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90920,47071],{"class":51},[33,90922,90923],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90924,17209],{"class":51},[14,90926,90927,90928,310],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[273,90929,36184],{"href":36183},[18,90931,90933,90935],{"id":90932},"range-syntax",[30,90934,309],{}," syntax",[14,90937,90938,90940],{},[30,90939,309],{}," has three common forms:",[23,90942,90944],{"className":25,"code":90943,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[30,90945,90946,90956,90971],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,90947,90948,90950,90952,90954],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,90949,1080],{"class":156},[33,90951,133],{"class":47},[33,90953,75402],{"class":162},[33,90955,143],{"class":47},[33,90957,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90969],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,90959,1080],{"class":156},[33,90961,133],{"class":47},[33,90963,36228],{"class":162},[33,90965,55],{"class":47},[33,90967,90968],{"class":162}," stop",[33,90970,143],{"class":47},[33,90972,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90988],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,90974,1080],{"class":156},[33,90976,133],{"class":47},[33,90978,36228],{"class":162},[33,90980,55],{"class":47},[33,90982,90968],{"class":162},[33,90984,55],{"class":47},[33,90986,90987],{"class":162}," step",[33,90989,143],{"class":47},[14,90991,90992],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[316,90994,90995,91000,91005],{},[319,90996,90997,90999],{},[30,90998,36228],{}," = first number",[319,91001,91002,91004],{},[30,91003,75402],{}," = end limit, not included",[319,91006,91007,91009],{},[30,91008,75405],{}," = amount to move each time",[664,91011,91013],{"id":91012},"rangestop",[30,91014,91015],{},"range(stop)",[14,91017,91018,91019,310],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[30,91020,1114],{},[23,91022,91024],{"className":25,"code":91023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[30,91025,91026],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91027,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91029,157],{"class":156},[33,91031,133],{"class":47},[33,91033,1879],{"class":129},[33,91035,133],{"class":47},[33,91037,1080],{"class":156},[33,91039,133],{"class":47},[33,91041,1085],{"class":51},[33,91043,1890],{"class":47},[14,91045,207],{},[23,91047,91048],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91049,91050],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91051,91052,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91053,217],{"class":47},[33,91055,1114],{"class":51},[33,91057,55],{"class":47},[33,91059,1119],{"class":51},[33,91061,55],{"class":47},[33,91063,58],{"class":51},[33,91065,55],{"class":47},[33,91067,63],{"class":51},[33,91069,55],{"class":47},[33,91071,1132],{"class":51},[33,91073,66],{"class":47},[664,91075,91077],{"id":91076},"rangestart-stop",[30,91078,91079],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91081,91082,91083,91085,91086,310],{},"This starts at ",[30,91084,36228],{}," and stops before ",[30,91087,75402],{},[23,91089,91091],{"className":25,"code":91090,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[30,91092,91093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91094,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91096,157],{"class":156},[33,91098,133],{"class":47},[33,91100,1879],{"class":129},[33,91102,133],{"class":47},[33,91104,1080],{"class":156},[33,91106,133],{"class":47},[33,91108,2234],{"class":51},[33,91110,55],{"class":47},[33,91112,37798],{"class":51},[33,91114,1890],{"class":47},[14,91116,207],{},[23,91118,91120],{"className":25,"code":91119,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[30,91121,91122],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91123,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91125,217],{"class":47},[33,91127,2234],{"class":51},[33,91129,55],{"class":47},[33,91131,63],{"class":51},[33,91133,55],{"class":47},[33,91135,1132],{"class":51},[33,91137,55],{"class":47},[33,91139,4770],{"class":51},[33,91141,66],{"class":47},[664,91143,91145],{"id":91144},"rangestart-stop-step",[30,91146,91147],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91149,91150],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[23,91152,91154],{"className":25,"code":91153,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[30,91155,91156],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91157,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170,91172,91174,91176,91178,91180],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91159,157],{"class":156},[33,91161,133],{"class":47},[33,91163,1879],{"class":129},[33,91165,133],{"class":47},[33,91167,1080],{"class":156},[33,91169,133],{"class":47},[33,91171,52],{"class":51},[33,91173,55],{"class":47},[33,91175,393],{"class":51},[33,91177,55],{"class":47},[33,91179,58],{"class":51},[33,91181,1890],{"class":47},[14,91183,207],{},[23,91185,91187],{"className":25,"code":91186,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[30,91188,91189],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91190,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91192,217],{"class":47},[33,91194,52],{"class":51},[33,91196,55],{"class":47},[33,91198,63],{"class":51},[33,91200,55],{"class":47},[33,91202,4770],{"class":51},[33,91204,55],{"class":47},[33,91206,6153],{"class":51},[33,91208,55],{"class":47},[33,91210,54284],{"class":51},[33,91212,66],{"class":47},[18,91214,91216],{"id":91215},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91218,91219],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[664,91221,91223],{"id":91222},"range5",[30,91224,90830],{},[23,91226,91227],{"className":25,"code":91023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91228,91229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91230,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91232,157],{"class":156},[33,91234,133],{"class":47},[33,91236,1879],{"class":129},[33,91238,133],{"class":47},[33,91240,1080],{"class":156},[33,91242,133],{"class":47},[33,91244,1085],{"class":51},[33,91246,1890],{"class":47},[14,91248,207],{},[23,91250,91251],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91252,91253],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91254,91255,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91256,217],{"class":47},[33,91258,1114],{"class":51},[33,91260,55],{"class":47},[33,91262,1119],{"class":51},[33,91264,55],{"class":47},[33,91266,58],{"class":51},[33,91268,55],{"class":47},[33,91270,63],{"class":51},[33,91272,55],{"class":47},[33,91274,1132],{"class":51},[33,91276,66],{"class":47},[14,91278,91082,91279,91085,91281,310],{},[30,91280,1114],{},[30,91282,1085],{},[664,91284,91286],{"id":91285},"range2-6",[30,91287,91288],{},"range(2, 6)",[23,91290,91291],{"className":25,"code":91090,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91292,91293],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91294,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91296,157],{"class":156},[33,91298,133],{"class":47},[33,91300,1879],{"class":129},[33,91302,133],{"class":47},[33,91304,1080],{"class":156},[33,91306,133],{"class":47},[33,91308,2234],{"class":51},[33,91310,55],{"class":47},[33,91312,37798],{"class":51},[33,91314,1890],{"class":47},[14,91316,207],{},[23,91318,91319],{"className":25,"code":91119,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91320,91321],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91322,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91324,217],{"class":47},[33,91326,2234],{"class":51},[33,91328,55],{"class":47},[33,91330,63],{"class":51},[33,91332,55],{"class":47},[33,91334,1132],{"class":51},[33,91336,55],{"class":47},[33,91338,4770],{"class":51},[33,91340,66],{"class":47},[14,91342,91082,91343,91085,91345,310],{},[30,91344,2234],{},[30,91346,80570],{},[664,91348,91350],{"id":91349},"range1-10-2",[30,91351,91352],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[23,91354,91355],{"className":25,"code":91153,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91356,91357],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91358,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91360,157],{"class":156},[33,91362,133],{"class":47},[33,91364,1879],{"class":129},[33,91366,133],{"class":47},[33,91368,1080],{"class":156},[33,91370,133],{"class":47},[33,91372,52],{"class":51},[33,91374,55],{"class":47},[33,91376,393],{"class":51},[33,91378,55],{"class":47},[33,91380,58],{"class":51},[33,91382,1890],{"class":47},[14,91384,207],{},[23,91386,91387],{"className":25,"code":91186,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91388,91389],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91390,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91392,217],{"class":47},[33,91394,52],{"class":51},[33,91396,55],{"class":47},[33,91398,63],{"class":51},[33,91400,55],{"class":47},[33,91402,4770],{"class":51},[33,91404,55],{"class":47},[33,91406,6153],{"class":51},[33,91408,55],{"class":47},[33,91410,54284],{"class":51},[33,91412,66],{"class":47},[14,91414,91415,91416,91418,91419,61276,91421,310],{},"This moves by ",[30,91417,2234],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[30,91420,52],{},[30,91422,2320],{},[664,91424,91426],{"id":91425},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91428,91429,91430,91432],{},"A negative step makes ",[30,91431,309],{}," count backward.",[23,91434,91436],{"className":25,"code":91435,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[30,91437,91438],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91439,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91441,157],{"class":156},[33,91443,133],{"class":47},[33,91445,1879],{"class":129},[33,91447,133],{"class":47},[33,91449,1080],{"class":156},[33,91451,133],{"class":47},[33,91453,1085],{"class":51},[33,91455,55],{"class":47},[33,91457,4004],{"class":51},[33,91459,55],{"class":47},[33,91461,2399],{"class":43},[33,91463,52],{"class":51},[33,91465,1890],{"class":47},[14,91467,207],{},[23,91469,91471],{"className":25,"code":91470,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[30,91472,91473],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91476,217],{"class":47},[33,91478,1085],{"class":51},[33,91480,55],{"class":47},[33,91482,1132],{"class":51},[33,91484,55],{"class":47},[33,91486,63],{"class":51},[33,91488,55],{"class":47},[33,91490,58],{"class":51},[33,91492,55],{"class":47},[33,91494,1119],{"class":51},[33,91496,66],{"class":47},[14,91498,91499],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91501,91502],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[23,91504,91506],{"className":25,"code":91505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[30,91507,91508],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91509,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91511,157],{"class":156},[33,91513,133],{"class":47},[33,91515,1879],{"class":129},[33,91517,133],{"class":47},[33,91519,1080],{"class":156},[33,91521,133],{"class":47},[33,91523,52],{"class":51},[33,91525,55],{"class":47},[33,91527,4770],{"class":51},[33,91529,55],{"class":47},[33,91531,2399],{"class":43},[33,91533,52],{"class":51},[33,91535,1890],{"class":47},[14,91537,207],{},[23,91539,91540],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91541,91542],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91543,91544],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91545,264],{"class":47},[664,91547,91548,76565,91550],{"id":76789},[30,91549,75405],{},[30,91551,1114],{},[14,91553,3013],{},[23,91555,91557],{"className":25,"code":91556,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[30,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91562,1080],{"class":156},[33,91564,133],{"class":47},[33,91566,52],{"class":51},[33,91568,55],{"class":47},[33,91570,4770],{"class":51},[33,91572,55],{"class":47},[33,91574,4004],{"class":51},[33,91576,143],{"class":47},[14,91578,76834,91579,91581],{},[30,91580,40857],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[18,91583,1357,91585,91587,91588,91590],{"id":91584},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[30,91586,309],{}," in a ",[30,91589,6117],{}," loop",[14,91592,91593,91595],{},[30,91594,309],{}," is most useful when:",[316,91597,91598,91601,91604],{},[319,91599,91600],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[319,91602,91603],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[319,91605,91606,91607],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[30,91608,91609],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91611,367],{},[23,91613,91615],{"className":25,"code":91614,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[30,91616,91617,91633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91618,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91620,6117],{"class":4046},[33,91622,69524],{"class":39},[33,91624,4053],{"class":4046},[33,91626,54218],{"class":156},[33,91628,133],{"class":47},[33,91630,2240],{"class":51},[33,91632,8498],{"class":47},[33,91634,91635,91637,91639,91641,91644,91646,91648,91650],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91636,8227],{"class":156},[33,91638,133],{"class":47},[33,91640,80],{"class":79},[33,91642,91643],{"class":83},"Loop number:",[33,91645,80],{"class":79},[33,91647,55],{"class":47},[33,91649,36284],{"class":162},[33,91651,143],{"class":47},[14,91653,207],{},[23,91655,91657],{"className":25,"code":91656,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[30,91658,91659,91668,91676],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91660,91661,91664,91666],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91662,91663],{"class":39},"Loop number",[33,91665,3061],{"class":47},[33,91667,38667],{"class":51},[33,91669,91670,91672,91674],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91671,91663],{"class":39},[33,91673,3061],{"class":47},[33,91675,29768],{"class":51},[33,91677,91678,91680,91682],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,91679,91663],{"class":39},[33,91681,3061],{"class":47},[33,91683,45743],{"class":51},[664,91685,91687],{"id":91686},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[23,91689,91691],{"className":25,"code":91690,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[30,91692,91693,91709],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91694,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91696,6117],{"class":4046},[33,91698,69524],{"class":39},[33,91700,4053],{"class":4046},[33,91702,54218],{"class":156},[33,91704,133],{"class":47},[33,91706,1085],{"class":51},[33,91708,8498],{"class":47},[33,91710,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91712,8227],{"class":156},[33,91714,133],{"class":47},[33,91716,80],{"class":79},[33,91718,35023],{"class":83},[33,91720,80],{"class":79},[33,91722,143],{"class":47},[14,91724,91725,91726,91728],{},"This prints ",[30,91727,90394],{}," five times.",[664,91730,91732],{"id":91731},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[23,91734,91736],{"className":25,"code":91735,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[30,91737,91738,91758],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91739,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752,91754,91756],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91741,6117],{"class":4046},[33,91743,69524],{"class":39},[33,91745,4053],{"class":4046},[33,91747,54218],{"class":156},[33,91749,133],{"class":47},[33,91751,52],{"class":51},[33,91753,55],{"class":47},[33,91755,1132],{"class":51},[33,91757,8498],{"class":47},[33,91759,91760,91762,91764,91766,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91761,8227],{"class":156},[33,91763,133],{"class":47},[33,91765,80],{"class":79},[33,91767,91768],{"class":83},"Current number is",[33,91770,80],{"class":79},[33,91772,55],{"class":47},[33,91774,36284],{"class":162},[33,91776,143],{"class":47},[14,91778,207],{},[23,91780,91782],{"className":25,"code":91781,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[30,91783,91784,91793,91801],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91785,91786,91789,91791],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91787,91788],{"class":39},"Current number ",[33,91790,12346],{"class":43},[33,91792,29768],{"class":51},[33,91794,91795,91797,91799],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91796,91788],{"class":39},[33,91798,12346],{"class":43},[33,91800,45743],{"class":51},[33,91802,91803,91805,91807],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,91804,91788],{"class":39},[33,91806,12346],{"class":43},[33,91808,2752],{"class":51},[664,91810,91812,91814],{"id":91811},"range-and-indexing",[30,91813,309],{}," and indexing",[14,91816,91817],{},"You may see code like this:",[23,91819,91821],{"className":25,"code":91820,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[30,91822,91823,91855,91859,91879],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91826,377],{"class":39},[33,91828,44],{"class":43},[33,91830,48],{"class":47},[33,91832,80],{"class":79},[33,91834,273],{"class":83},[33,91836,80],{"class":79},[33,91838,55],{"class":47},[33,91840,91],{"class":79},[33,91842,282],{"class":83},[33,91844,80],{"class":79},[33,91846,55],{"class":47},[33,91848,91],{"class":79},[33,91850,291],{"class":83},[33,91852,80],{"class":79},[33,91854,66],{"class":47},[33,91856,91857],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91858,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,91860,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,91862,6117],{"class":4046},[33,91864,69524],{"class":39},[33,91866,4053],{"class":4046},[33,91868,54218],{"class":156},[33,91870,133],{"class":47},[33,91872,726],{"class":156},[33,91874,133],{"class":47},[33,91876,414],{"class":162},[33,91878,69539],{"class":47},[33,91880,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,91882,8227],{"class":156},[33,91884,133],{"class":47},[33,91886,36308],{"class":162},[33,91888,55],{"class":47},[33,91890,6125],{"class":162},[33,91892,217],{"class":47},[33,91894,36308],{"class":162},[33,91896,4059],{"class":47},[14,91898,207],{},[23,91900,91901],{"className":25,"code":36320,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,91902,91903,91909,91915],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91904,91905,91907],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91906,1114],{"class":51},[33,91908,36329],{"class":39},[33,91910,91911,91913],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91912,52],{"class":51},[33,91914,36336],{"class":39},[33,91916,91917,91919],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,91918,2234],{"class":51},[33,91920,36343],{"class":39},[14,91922,91923,91924,91928],{},"This works, and it uses ",[273,91925,91926],{"href":42511},[30,91927,42514],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91930,91931],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[23,91933,91935],{"className":25,"code":91934,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[30,91936,91937,91969,91973,91985],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,91938,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,91940,377],{"class":39},[33,91942,44],{"class":43},[33,91944,48],{"class":47},[33,91946,80],{"class":79},[33,91948,273],{"class":83},[33,91950,80],{"class":79},[33,91952,55],{"class":47},[33,91954,91],{"class":79},[33,91956,282],{"class":83},[33,91958,80],{"class":79},[33,91960,55],{"class":47},[33,91962,91],{"class":79},[33,91964,291],{"class":83},[33,91966,80],{"class":79},[33,91968,66],{"class":47},[33,91970,91971],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,91972,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,91974,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,91976,6117],{"class":4046},[33,91978,6120],{"class":39},[33,91980,4053],{"class":4046},[33,91982,6125],{"class":39},[33,91984,6553],{"class":47},[33,91986,91987,91989,91991,91993],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,91988,8227],{"class":156},[33,91990,133],{"class":47},[33,91992,23464],{"class":162},[33,91994,143],{"class":47},[14,91996,36746,91997,92002],{},[273,91998,92000],{"href":91999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[30,92001,35906],{}," is usually a better choice:",[23,92004,92006],{"className":25,"code":92005,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[30,92007,92008,92040,92044,92064],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92009,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92011,377],{"class":39},[33,92013,44],{"class":43},[33,92015,48],{"class":47},[33,92017,80],{"class":79},[33,92019,273],{"class":83},[33,92021,80],{"class":79},[33,92023,55],{"class":47},[33,92025,91],{"class":79},[33,92027,282],{"class":83},[33,92029,80],{"class":79},[33,92031,55],{"class":47},[33,92033,91],{"class":79},[33,92035,291],{"class":83},[33,92037,80],{"class":79},[33,92039,66],{"class":47},[33,92041,92042],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92043,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,92045,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,92047,6117],{"class":4046},[33,92049,35978],{"class":39},[33,92051,55],{"class":47},[33,92053,6120],{"class":39},[33,92055,4053],{"class":4046},[33,92057,35988],{"class":156},[33,92059,133],{"class":47},[33,92061,414],{"class":162},[33,92063,8498],{"class":47},[33,92065,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,92067,8227],{"class":156},[33,92069,133],{"class":47},[33,92071,36003],{"class":162},[33,92073,55],{"class":47},[33,92075,29660],{"class":162},[33,92077,143],{"class":47},[14,92079,79094,92080,310],{},[273,92081,36759,92082,36762],{"href":36758},[30,92083,35906],{},[18,92085,92087,92088,92090],{"id":92086},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[30,92089,309],{}," to a list",[14,92092,92093,92095],{},[30,92094,309],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92097,92098,92099,3061],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[30,92100,305],{},[23,92102,92104],{"className":25,"code":92103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[30,92105,92106],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92107,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92109,157],{"class":156},[33,92111,133],{"class":47},[33,92113,1879],{"class":129},[33,92115,133],{"class":47},[33,92117,1080],{"class":156},[33,92119,133],{"class":47},[33,92121,2240],{"class":51},[33,92123,1890],{"class":47},[14,92125,207],{},[23,92127,92129],{"className":25,"code":92128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[30,92130,92131],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92132,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92134,217],{"class":47},[33,92136,1114],{"class":51},[33,92138,55],{"class":47},[33,92140,1119],{"class":51},[33,92142,55],{"class":47},[33,92144,58],{"class":51},[33,92146,66],{"class":47},[14,92148,33467],{},[316,92150,92151,92156,92159],{},[319,92152,92153,92154,42238],{},"learning how ",[30,92155,309],{},[319,92157,92158],{},"checking your values",[319,92160,92161],{},"debugging code",[14,92163,5632],{},[23,92165,92167],{"className":25,"code":92166,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[30,92168,92169,92183,92187,92197],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92172,40],{"class":39},[33,92174,44],{"class":43},[33,92176,54218],{"class":156},[33,92178,133],{"class":47},[33,92180,2679],{"class":51},[33,92182,143],{"class":47},[33,92184,92185],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92186,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,92188,92189,92191,92193,92195],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,92190,157],{"class":156},[33,92192,133],{"class":47},[33,92194,163],{"class":162},[33,92196,143],{"class":47},[33,92198,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,92200,157],{"class":156},[33,92202,133],{"class":47},[33,92204,1879],{"class":129},[33,92206,133],{"class":47},[33,92208,163],{"class":162},[33,92210,733],{"class":47},[14,92212,207],{},[23,92214,92216],{"className":25,"code":92215,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[30,92217,92218,92232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92219,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228,92230],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92221,1080],{"class":156},[33,92223,133],{"class":47},[33,92225,1114],{"class":51},[33,92227,55],{"class":47},[33,92229,1132],{"class":51},[33,92231,143],{"class":47},[33,92233,92234,92236,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92235,217],{"class":47},[33,92237,1114],{"class":51},[33,92239,55],{"class":47},[33,92241,1119],{"class":51},[33,92243,55],{"class":47},[33,92245,58],{"class":51},[33,92247,55],{"class":47},[33,92249,63],{"class":51},[33,92251,66],{"class":47},[14,92253,92254,92255,10739,92257,92260],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[30,92256,1080],{},[30,92258,92259],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[18,92262,1288],{"id":1287},[14,92264,33696,92265,310],{},[30,92266,309],{},[664,92268,92270],{"id":92269},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92272,92273],{},"Many beginners think this:",[23,92275,92277],{"className":25,"code":92276,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[30,92278,92279],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92280,92281,92283,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92282,157],{"class":156},[33,92284,133],{"class":47},[33,92286,1879],{"class":129},[33,92288,133],{"class":47},[33,92290,1080],{"class":156},[33,92292,133],{"class":47},[33,92294,52],{"class":51},[33,92296,55],{"class":47},[33,92298,4770],{"class":51},[33,92300,1890],{"class":47},[14,92302,92303],{},"will produce:",[23,92305,92307],{"className":25,"code":92306,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[30,92308,92309],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92310,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92312,217],{"class":47},[33,92314,52],{"class":51},[33,92316,55],{"class":47},[33,92318,58],{"class":51},[33,92320,55],{"class":47},[33,92322,63],{"class":51},[33,92324,55],{"class":47},[33,92326,1132],{"class":51},[33,92328,55],{"class":47},[33,92330,4770],{"class":51},[33,92332,66],{"class":47},[14,92334,92335],{},"But the real output is:",[23,92337,92338],{"className":25,"code":53654,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92339,92340],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92341,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92343,217],{"class":47},[33,92345,52],{"class":51},[33,92347,55],{"class":47},[33,92349,58],{"class":51},[33,92351,55],{"class":47},[33,92353,63],{"class":51},[33,92355,55],{"class":47},[33,92357,1132],{"class":51},[33,92359,66],{"class":47},[14,92361,92362],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[664,92364,4744,92366,92368,92369],{"id":92365},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[30,92367,90830],{}," starts at ",[30,92370,52],{},[14,92372,37622,92373,19116,92375,310],{},[30,92374,1114],{},[30,92376,52],{},[23,92378,92379],{"className":25,"code":91023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92380,92381],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92382,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92384,157],{"class":156},[33,92386,133],{"class":47},[33,92388,1879],{"class":129},[33,92390,133],{"class":47},[33,92392,1080],{"class":156},[33,92394,133],{"class":47},[33,92396,1085],{"class":51},[33,92398,1890],{"class":47},[14,92400,207],{},[23,92402,92403],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92404,92405],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92406,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423,92425,92427],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92408,217],{"class":47},[33,92410,1114],{"class":51},[33,92412,55],{"class":47},[33,92414,1119],{"class":51},[33,92416,55],{"class":47},[33,92418,58],{"class":51},[33,92420,55],{"class":47},[33,92422,63],{"class":51},[33,92424,55],{"class":47},[33,92426,1132],{"class":51},[33,92428,66],{"class":47},[664,92430,92432],{"id":92431},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92434,92435,92436,3061],{},"This often happens with ",[30,92437,3134],{},[23,92439,92441],{"className":25,"code":92440,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[30,92442,92443,92462,92466,92483],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92444,92445,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92446,92447],{"class":39},"user_number ",[33,92449,44],{"class":43},[33,92451,8400],{"class":156},[33,92453,133],{"class":47},[33,92455,80],{"class":79},[33,92457,42024],{"class":83},[33,92459,80],{"class":79},[33,92461,143],{"class":47},[33,92463,92464],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92465,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,92467,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92481],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,92469,6117],{"class":4046},[33,92471,69524],{"class":39},[33,92473,4053],{"class":4046},[33,92475,54218],{"class":156},[33,92477,133],{"class":47},[33,92479,92480],{"class":162},"user_number",[33,92482,8498],{"class":47},[33,92484,92485,92487,92489,92491],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,92486,8227],{"class":156},[33,92488,133],{"class":47},[33,92490,36308],{"class":162},[33,92492,143],{"class":47},[14,92494,48664,92495,92497],{},[30,92496,3134],{}," returns a string.",[14,92499,1328],{},[23,92501,92503],{"className":25,"code":92502,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[30,92504,92505,92527,92531,92547],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92506,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92508,92447],{"class":39},[33,92510,44],{"class":43},[33,92512,45430],{"class":129},[33,92514,133],{"class":47},[33,92516,42616],{"class":156},[33,92518,133],{"class":47},[33,92520,80],{"class":79},[33,92522,42024],{"class":83},[33,92524,80],{"class":79},[33,92526,733],{"class":47},[33,92528,92529],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92530,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,92532,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,92534,6117],{"class":4046},[33,92536,69524],{"class":39},[33,92538,4053],{"class":4046},[33,92540,54218],{"class":156},[33,92542,133],{"class":47},[33,92544,92480],{"class":162},[33,92546,8498],{"class":47},[33,92548,92549,92551,92553,92555],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,92550,8227],{"class":156},[33,92552,133],{"class":47},[33,92554,36308],{"class":162},[33,92556,143],{"class":47},[14,92558,92559,92560,310],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[273,92561,50677,92562],{"href":50676},[30,92563,50680],{},[664,92565,92567,92568,92570,92571],{"id":92566},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[30,92569,36228],{}," smaller than ",[30,92572,75402],{},[14,92574,92575],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[23,92577,92578],{"className":25,"code":91505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92579,92580],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92581,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92583,157],{"class":156},[33,92585,133],{"class":47},[33,92587,1879],{"class":129},[33,92589,133],{"class":47},[33,92591,1080],{"class":156},[33,92593,133],{"class":47},[33,92595,52],{"class":51},[33,92597,55],{"class":47},[33,92599,4770],{"class":51},[33,92601,55],{"class":47},[33,92603,2399],{"class":43},[33,92605,52],{"class":51},[33,92607,1890],{"class":47},[14,92609,207],{},[23,92611,92612],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92613,92614],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92615,92616],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92617,264],{"class":47},[14,92619,92620],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[664,92622,25770,92624],{"id":92623},"trying-to-use-step-0",[30,92625,92626],{},"step = 0",[14,92628,77545],{},[23,92630,92632],{"className":25,"code":92631,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[30,92633,92634],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92637,1080],{"class":156},[33,92639,133],{"class":47},[33,92641,52],{"class":51},[33,92643,55],{"class":47},[33,92645,393],{"class":51},[33,92647,55],{"class":47},[33,92649,4004],{"class":51},[33,92651,143],{"class":47},[14,92653,92654],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[664,92656,4870,92658,92660],{"id":92657},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[30,92659,309],{}," is not a list",[14,92662,92663],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[23,92665,92667],{"className":25,"code":92666,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(range(5))\n",[30,92668,92669],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92670,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92672,157],{"class":156},[33,92674,133],{"class":47},[33,92676,1080],{"class":156},[33,92678,133],{"class":47},[33,92680,1085],{"class":51},[33,92682,733],{"class":47},[14,92684,207],{},[23,92686,92688],{"className":25,"code":92687,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(0, 5)\n",[30,92689,92690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92691,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92693,1080],{"class":156},[33,92695,133],{"class":47},[33,92697,1114],{"class":51},[33,92699,55],{"class":47},[33,92701,4770],{"class":51},[33,92703,143],{"class":47},[14,92705,92706],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[23,92708,92709],{"className":25,"code":91023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92710,92711],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92712,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92714,157],{"class":156},[33,92716,133],{"class":47},[33,92718,1879],{"class":129},[33,92720,133],{"class":47},[33,92722,1080],{"class":156},[33,92724,133],{"class":47},[33,92726,1085],{"class":51},[33,92728,1890],{"class":47},[14,92730,207],{},[23,92732,92733],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,92734,92735],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92736,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92738,217],{"class":47},[33,92740,1114],{"class":51},[33,92742,55],{"class":47},[33,92744,1119],{"class":51},[33,92746,55],{"class":47},[33,92748,58],{"class":51},[33,92750,55],{"class":47},[33,92752,63],{"class":51},[33,92754,55],{"class":47},[33,92756,1132],{"class":51},[33,92758,66],{"class":47},[18,92760,92762],{"id":92761},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92764,9031,92765,82316],{},[30,92766,309],{},[23,92768,92770],{"className":25,"code":92769,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[30,92771,92772,92786,92804,92826,92854],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,92773,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,92775,157],{"class":156},[33,92777,133],{"class":47},[33,92779,1080],{"class":156},[33,92781,133],{"class":47},[33,92783,1085],{"class":51},[33,92785,733],{"class":47},[33,92787,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,92789,157],{"class":156},[33,92791,133],{"class":47},[33,92793,1879],{"class":129},[33,92795,133],{"class":47},[33,92797,1080],{"class":156},[33,92799,133],{"class":47},[33,92801,1085],{"class":51},[33,92803,1890],{"class":47},[33,92805,92806,92808,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,92807,157],{"class":156},[33,92809,133],{"class":47},[33,92811,1879],{"class":129},[33,92813,133],{"class":47},[33,92815,1080],{"class":156},[33,92817,133],{"class":47},[33,92819,2234],{"class":51},[33,92821,55],{"class":47},[33,92823,6519],{"class":51},[33,92825,1890],{"class":47},[33,92827,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,92829,157],{"class":156},[33,92831,133],{"class":47},[33,92833,1879],{"class":129},[33,92835,133],{"class":47},[33,92837,1080],{"class":156},[33,92839,133],{"class":47},[33,92841,538],{"class":51},[33,92843,55],{"class":47},[33,92845,4004],{"class":51},[33,92847,55],{"class":47},[33,92849,2399],{"class":43},[33,92851,2234],{"class":51},[33,92853,1890],{"class":47},[33,92855,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,92857,157],{"class":156},[33,92859,133],{"class":47},[33,92861,1406],{"class":129},[33,92863,133],{"class":47},[33,92865,1080],{"class":156},[33,92867,133],{"class":47},[33,92869,1085],{"class":51},[33,92871,1890],{"class":47},[14,92873,1893],{},[316,92875,92876,92879,92882],{},[319,92877,92878],{},"what values are being created",[319,92880,92881],{},"whether the direction is correct",[319,92883,92884,92885,24771],{},"whether you are working with a ",[30,92886,1080],{},[18,92888,1961],{"id":1960},[664,92890,12857,92892,92894],{"id":92891},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[30,92893,309],{}," include the last number?",[14,92896,92897],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[664,92899,5322,92901,92903,92904,2033],{"id":92900},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[30,92902,90830],{}," start at ",[30,92905,1114],{},[14,92907,92908,92909,310],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[30,92910,1114],{},[664,92912,5334,92914,92916],{"id":92913},"can-range-count-backward",[30,92915,309],{}," count backward?",[14,92918,92919,92920,310],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[30,92921,92922],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[664,92924,15057,92926,26195],{"id":92925},"is-range-a-list",[30,92927,309],{},[14,92929,26198,92930,92932,92933,24092],{},[30,92931,1080],{}," object. Use ",[30,92934,92935],{},"list(range(...))",[664,92937,5322,92939,48838],{"id":92938},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[30,92940,92941],{},"range(input())",[14,92943,92944,3658,92946,310],{},[30,92945,3134],{},[30,92947,92948],{},"int(input())",[18,92950,2045],{"id":2044},[316,92952,92953,92957,92963,92969,92975],{},[319,92954,92955],{},[273,92956,36184],{"href":36183},[319,92958,92959],{},[273,92960,2076,92961,3683],{"href":42511},[30,92962,42514],{},[319,92964,92965],{},[273,92966,2076,92967,3683],{"href":91999},[30,92968,35906],{},[319,92970,92971],{},[273,92972,37673,92973,36762],{"href":36758},[30,92974,35906],{},[319,92976,92977],{},[273,92978,50677,92979],{"href":50676},[30,92980,50680],{},[2097,92982,92983],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":92985},[92986,92987,92989,92995,93003,93010,93012,93024,93025,93037],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":90839,"depth":69,"text":92988},"What range() does",{"id":90932,"depth":69,"text":92990,"children":92991},"range() syntax",[92992,92993,92994],{"id":91012,"depth":110,"text":91015},{"id":91076,"depth":110,"text":91079},{"id":91144,"depth":110,"text":91147},{"id":91215,"depth":69,"text":91216,"children":92996},[92997,92998,92999,93000,93001],{"id":91222,"depth":110,"text":90830},{"id":91285,"depth":110,"text":91288},{"id":91349,"depth":110,"text":91352},{"id":91425,"depth":110,"text":91426},{"id":76789,"depth":110,"text":93002},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91584,"depth":69,"text":93004,"children":93005},"Using range() in a for loop",[93006,93007,93008],{"id":91686,"depth":110,"text":91687},{"id":91731,"depth":110,"text":91732},{"id":91811,"depth":110,"text":93009},"range() and indexing",{"id":92086,"depth":69,"text":93011},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":93013},[93014,93015,93017,93018,93020,93022],{"id":92269,"depth":110,"text":92270},{"id":92365,"depth":110,"text":93016},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92431,"depth":110,"text":92432},{"id":92566,"depth":110,"text":93019},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92623,"depth":110,"text":93021},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92657,"depth":110,"text":93023},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92761,"depth":69,"text":92762},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":93026},[93027,93029,93031,93033,93035],{"id":92891,"depth":110,"text":93028},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92900,"depth":110,"text":93030},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92913,"depth":110,"text":93032},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92925,"depth":110,"text":93034},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92938,"depth":110,"text":93036},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90733,"description":93038},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93045,"title":93046,"body":93047,"description":94720,"extension":2138,"meta":94721,"navigation":149,"path":94722,"seo":94723,"stem":94724,"__hash__":94725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93048,"toc":94693},[93049,93058,93065,93082,93098,93100,93149,93157,93161,93164,93184,93186,93250,93252,93295,93298,93344,93346,93379,93389,93395,93403,93420,93422,93453,93455,93480,93485,93496,93499,93569,93571,93602,93607,93612,93629,93631,93682,93684,93717,93720,93727,93732,93736,93752,93754,93798,93800,93846,93849,93862,93867,93871,93885,93887,93938,93940,93973,93978,93980,93987,93989,94012,94014,94079,94081,94098,94101,94134,94136,94164,94174,94181,94185,94188,94206,94209,94237,94240,94258,94263,94269,94272,94294,94296,94324,94326,94329,94354,94357,94470,94472,94551,94553,94559,94564,94572,94580,94584,94587,94589,94622,94624,94632,94638,94645,94652,94655,94657,94690],[10,93050,2076,93052,10739,93054,93057],{"id":93051},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[30,93053,309],{},[30,93055,93056],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93059,93060,2030,93062,93064],{},[30,93061,309],{},[30,93063,93056],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[316,93066,93067,93075],{},[319,93068,93069,93071,93072],{},[30,93070,309],{}," creates a ",[205,93073,93074],{},"range object",[319,93076,93077,93071,93079],{},[30,93078,93056],{},[205,93080,93081],{},"real list",[14,93083,93084,93085,93087,93088,93091,93092,93094,93095,93097],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[30,93086,90830],{}," to behave exactly like ",[30,93089,93090],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[30,93093,309],{}," for looping, and only use ",[30,93096,93056],{}," when you actually need a list.",[18,93099,21],{"id":20},[23,93101,93103],{"className":25,"code":93102,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,93104,93105,93119,93132],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93106,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93108,40],{"class":39},[33,93110,44],{"class":43},[33,93112,54218],{"class":156},[33,93114,133],{"class":47},[33,93116,1085],{"class":51},[33,93118,143],{"class":47},[33,93120,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93122,157],{"class":156},[33,93124,133],{"class":47},[33,93126,163],{"class":162},[33,93128,3831],{"class":47},[33,93130,93131],{"class":1308},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[33,93133,93134,93136,93138,93140,93142,93144,93146],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93135,157],{"class":156},[33,93137,133],{"class":47},[33,93139,1879],{"class":129},[33,93141,133],{"class":47},[33,93143,163],{"class":162},[33,93145,5522],{"class":47},[33,93147,93148],{"class":1308},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93150,672,93151,93153,93154,93156],{},[30,93152,309],{}," for looping. Use ",[30,93155,93056],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[18,93158,93160],{"id":93159},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93162,93163],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[316,93165,93166,93173,93178,93181],{},[319,93167,93168,22129,93170,93172],{},[30,93169,309],{},[205,93171,93074],{},", not a list",[319,93174,93175,93177],{},[30,93176,93056],{}," converts that range object into a list",[319,93179,93180],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[319,93182,93183],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93185,367],{},[23,93187,93189],{"className":25,"code":93188,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[30,93190,93191,93206,93225,93229,93239],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93192,93193,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93194,93195],{"class":39},"r ",[33,93197,44],{"class":43},[33,93199,54218],{"class":156},[33,93201,133],{"class":47},[33,93203,1085],{"class":51},[33,93205,143],{"class":47},[33,93207,93208,93211,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93209,93210],{"class":39},"lst ",[33,93212,44],{"class":43},[33,93214,130],{"class":129},[33,93216,133],{"class":47},[33,93218,1080],{"class":156},[33,93220,133],{"class":47},[33,93222,1085],{"class":51},[33,93224,733],{"class":47},[33,93226,93227],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93228,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,93230,93231,93233,93235,93237],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93232,157],{"class":156},[33,93234,133],{"class":47},[33,93236,1617],{"class":162},[33,93238,143],{"class":47},[33,93240,93241,93243,93245,93248],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,93242,157],{"class":156},[33,93244,133],{"class":47},[33,93246,93247],{"class":162},"lst",[33,93249,143],{"class":47},[14,93251,207],{},[23,93253,93255],{"className":25,"code":93254,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,93256,93257,93271],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93258,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93260,1080],{"class":156},[33,93262,133],{"class":47},[33,93264,1114],{"class":51},[33,93266,55],{"class":47},[33,93268,4770],{"class":51},[33,93270,143],{"class":47},[33,93272,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93274,217],{"class":47},[33,93276,1114],{"class":51},[33,93278,55],{"class":47},[33,93280,1119],{"class":51},[33,93282,55],{"class":47},[33,93284,58],{"class":51},[33,93286,55],{"class":47},[33,93288,63],{"class":51},[33,93290,55],{"class":47},[33,93292,1132],{"class":51},[33,93294,66],{"class":47},[14,93296,93297],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[23,93299,93301],{"className":25,"code":93300,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[30,93302,93303,93321],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93304,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93306,157],{"class":156},[33,93308,133],{"class":47},[33,93310,1406],{"class":129},[33,93312,133],{"class":47},[33,93314,1080],{"class":156},[33,93316,133],{"class":47},[33,93318,1085],{"class":51},[33,93320,1890],{"class":47},[33,93322,93323,93325,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339,93341],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93324,157],{"class":156},[33,93326,133],{"class":47},[33,93328,1406],{"class":129},[33,93330,133],{"class":47},[33,93332,1879],{"class":129},[33,93334,133],{"class":47},[33,93336,1080],{"class":156},[33,93338,133],{"class":47},[33,93340,1085],{"class":51},[33,93342,93343],{"class":47},"))))\n",[14,93345,207],{},[23,93347,93349],{"className":25,"code":93348,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[30,93350,93351,93365],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93352,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93354,1427],{"class":43},[33,93356,1431],{"class":1430},[33,93358,245],{"class":79},[33,93360,1080],{"class":83},[33,93362,236],{"class":79},[33,93364,1441],{"class":43},[33,93366,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93368,1427],{"class":43},[33,93370,1431],{"class":1430},[33,93372,245],{"class":79},[33,93374,1879],{"class":83},[33,93376,236],{"class":79},[33,93378,1441],{"class":43},[14,93380,93381,93382,93384,93385,310],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[30,93383,309],{}," works, see ",[273,93386,2076,93387,3683],{"href":93040},[30,93388,309],{},[18,93390,3848,93392,93394],{"id":93391},"what-range-gives-you",[30,93393,309],{}," gives you",[14,93396,93397,93399,93400,93402],{},[30,93398,309],{}," is most often used in ",[30,93401,6117],{}," loops.",[316,93404,93405,93408,93411,93414],{},[319,93406,93407],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[319,93409,93410],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[319,93412,93413],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[319,93415,93416,93417],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[30,93418,93419],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93421,367],{},[23,93423,93425],{"className":25,"code":93424,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[30,93426,93427,93443],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93428,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93430,6117],{"class":4046},[33,93432,69524],{"class":39},[33,93434,4053],{"class":4046},[33,93436,54218],{"class":156},[33,93438,133],{"class":47},[33,93440,1085],{"class":51},[33,93442,8498],{"class":47},[33,93444,93445,93447,93449,93451],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93446,8227],{"class":156},[33,93448,133],{"class":47},[33,93450,36308],{"class":162},[33,93452,143],{"class":47},[14,93454,207],{},[23,93456,93458],{"className":25,"code":93457,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[30,93459,93460,93464,93468,93472,93476],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93461,93462],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93463,751],{"class":51},[33,93465,93466],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93467,47071],{"class":51},[33,93469,93470],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93471,17209],{"class":51},[33,93473,93474],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93475,46771],{"class":51},[33,93477,93478],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,93479,48804],{"class":51},[14,93481,20924,93482,93484],{},[30,93483,90830],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93486,93487,93488,93490,93491,310],{},"This is one reason ",[30,93489,309],{}," is so common with ",[273,93492,2076,93494,90861],{"href":93493},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[30,93495,6117],{},[14,93497,93498],{},"You can also inspect it:",[23,93500,93502],{"className":25,"code":93501,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[30,93503,93504,93526,93530,93540,93554],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93505,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522,93524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93507,93195],{"class":39},[33,93509,44],{"class":43},[33,93511,54218],{"class":156},[33,93513,133],{"class":47},[33,93515,2234],{"class":51},[33,93517,55],{"class":47},[33,93519,393],{"class":51},[33,93521,55],{"class":47},[33,93523,58],{"class":51},[33,93525,143],{"class":47},[33,93527,93528],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93529,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,93531,93532,93534,93536,93538],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93533,157],{"class":156},[33,93535,133],{"class":47},[33,93537,1617],{"class":162},[33,93539,143],{"class":47},[33,93541,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550,93552],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93543,157],{"class":156},[33,93545,133],{"class":47},[33,93547,726],{"class":156},[33,93549,133],{"class":47},[33,93551,1617],{"class":162},[33,93553,733],{"class":47},[33,93555,93556,93558,93560,93562,93564,93567],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,93557,157],{"class":156},[33,93559,133],{"class":47},[33,93561,80570],{"class":51},[33,93563,21327],{"class":4046},[33,93565,93566],{"class":162}," r",[33,93568,143],{"class":47},[14,93570,207],{},[23,93572,93574],{"className":25,"code":93573,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[30,93575,93576,93594,93598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93577,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93579,1080],{"class":156},[33,93581,133],{"class":47},[33,93583,2234],{"class":51},[33,93585,55],{"class":47},[33,93587,393],{"class":51},[33,93589,55],{"class":47},[33,93591,58],{"class":51},[33,93593,143],{"class":47},[33,93595,93596],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93597,48804],{"class":51},[33,93599,93600],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93601,4148],{"class":398},[18,93603,3848,93605,93394],{"id":93604},"what-listrange-gives-you",[30,93606,93056],{},[14,93608,93609,93611],{},[30,93610,93056],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[316,93613,93614,93617,93620,93623],{},[319,93615,93616],{},"It creates all values at once",[319,93618,93619],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[319,93621,93622],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[319,93624,93625,93626,93628],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[30,93627,309],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93630,367],{},[23,93632,93634],{"className":25,"code":93633,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[30,93635,93636,93654,93658,93668],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93637,93638,93640,93642,93644,93646,93648,93650,93652],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93639,40],{"class":39},[33,93641,44],{"class":43},[33,93643,130],{"class":129},[33,93645,133],{"class":47},[33,93647,1080],{"class":156},[33,93649,133],{"class":47},[33,93651,1085],{"class":51},[33,93653,733],{"class":47},[33,93655,93656],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93657,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,93659,93660,93662,93664,93666],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93661,157],{"class":156},[33,93663,133],{"class":47},[33,93665,163],{"class":162},[33,93667,143],{"class":47},[33,93669,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93671,157],{"class":156},[33,93673,133],{"class":47},[33,93675,163],{"class":162},[33,93677,217],{"class":47},[33,93679,2234],{"class":51},[33,93681,4059],{"class":47},[14,93683,207],{},[23,93685,93687],{"className":25,"code":93686,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[30,93688,93689,93713],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93690,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93692,217],{"class":47},[33,93694,1114],{"class":51},[33,93696,55],{"class":47},[33,93698,1119],{"class":51},[33,93700,55],{"class":47},[33,93702,58],{"class":51},[33,93704,55],{"class":47},[33,93706,63],{"class":51},[33,93708,55],{"class":47},[33,93710,1132],{"class":51},[33,93712,66],{"class":47},[33,93714,93715],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93716,17209],{"class":51},[14,93718,93719],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93721,93722,93723,310],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[273,93724,2076,93725,3683],{"href":64823},[30,93726,305],{},[18,93728,5127,93730],{"id":93729},"when-to-use-range",[30,93731,309],{},[14,93733,672,93734,10755],{},[30,93735,309],{},[316,93737,93738,93743,93746,93749],{},[319,93739,93740,93741,91590],{},"You are writing a ",[30,93742,6117],{},[319,93744,93745],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[319,93747,93748],{},"You are working with large sequences",[319,93750,93751],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93753,367],{},[23,93755,93757],{"className":25,"code":93756,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[30,93758,93759,93779],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93760,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93762,6117],{"class":4046},[33,93764,69524],{"class":39},[33,93766,4053],{"class":4046},[33,93768,54218],{"class":156},[33,93770,133],{"class":47},[33,93772,52],{"class":51},[33,93774,55],{"class":47},[33,93776,37798],{"class":51},[33,93778,8498],{"class":47},[33,93780,93781,93783,93785,93787,93790,93792,93794,93796],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93782,8227],{"class":156},[33,93784,133],{"class":47},[33,93786,80],{"class":79},[33,93788,93789],{"class":83},"Count:",[33,93791,80],{"class":79},[33,93793,55],{"class":47},[33,93795,36284],{"class":162},[33,93797,143],{"class":47},[14,93799,207],{},[23,93801,93803],{"className":25,"code":93802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[30,93804,93805,93814,93822,93830,93838],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93806,93807,93810,93812],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93808,93809],{"class":39},"Count",[33,93811,3061],{"class":47},[33,93813,29768],{"class":51},[33,93815,93816,93818,93820],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93817,93809],{"class":39},[33,93819,3061],{"class":47},[33,93821,45743],{"class":51},[33,93823,93824,93826,93828],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93825,93809],{"class":39},[33,93827,3061],{"class":47},[33,93829,2752],{"class":51},[33,93831,93832,93834,93836],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93833,93809],{"class":39},[33,93835,3061],{"class":47},[33,93837,23817],{"class":51},[33,93839,93840,93842,93844],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,93841,93809],{"class":39},[33,93843,3061],{"class":47},[33,93845,34998],{"class":51},[14,93847,93848],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93850,93851,93852,93854,93855,62263,93857,310],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[30,93853,35906],{}," is often a better choice than ",[30,93856,36752],{},[273,93858,36759,93860,36762],{"href":93859},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[30,93861,35906],{},[18,93863,5127,93865],{"id":93864},"when-to-use-listrange",[30,93866,93056],{},[14,93868,672,93869,10755],{},[30,93870,93056],{},[316,93872,93873,93876,93879,93882],{},[319,93874,93875],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[319,93877,93878],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[319,93880,93881],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[319,93883,93884],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93886,367],{},[23,93888,93890],{"className":25,"code":93889,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,93891,93892,93910,93924,93928],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93893,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93895,40],{"class":39},[33,93897,44],{"class":43},[33,93899,130],{"class":129},[33,93901,133],{"class":47},[33,93903,1080],{"class":156},[33,93905,133],{"class":47},[33,93907,1085],{"class":51},[33,93909,733],{"class":47},[33,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,93913,163],{"class":39},[33,93915,310],{"class":47},[33,93917,780],{"class":162},[33,93919,133],{"class":47},[33,93921,1085],{"class":51},[33,93923,143],{"class":47},[33,93925,93926],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,93927,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,93929,93930,93932,93934,93936],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,93931,157],{"class":156},[33,93933,133],{"class":47},[33,93935,163],{"class":162},[33,93937,143],{"class":47},[14,93939,207],{},[23,93941,93943],{"className":25,"code":93942,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[30,93944,93945],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,93946,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967,93969,93971],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,93948,217],{"class":47},[33,93950,1114],{"class":51},[33,93952,55],{"class":47},[33,93954,1119],{"class":51},[33,93956,55],{"class":47},[33,93958,58],{"class":51},[33,93960,55],{"class":47},[33,93962,63],{"class":51},[33,93964,55],{"class":47},[33,93966,1132],{"class":51},[33,93968,55],{"class":47},[33,93970,4770],{"class":51},[33,93972,66],{"class":47},[14,93974,6219,93975,93977],{},[30,93976,163],{}," is a list.",[18,93979,15748],{"id":15747},[14,93981,93982,93984,93985,310],{},[30,93983,309],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[205,93986,37752],{},[14,93988,2284],{},[316,93990,93991,93993,93998,94003,94006],{},[319,93992,22139],{},[319,93994,93995,93996],{},"You can check its length with ",[30,93997,42514],{},[319,93999,94000,94001],{},"You can test membership with ",[30,94002,4053],{},[319,94004,94005],{},"You can index it",[319,94007,94008,94009,94011],{},"But list methods such as ",[30,94010,886],{}," do not work on it",[14,94013,367],{},[23,94015,94017],{"className":25,"code":94016,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[30,94018,94019,94033,94037,94051,94065],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94020,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94022,93195],{"class":39},[33,94024,44],{"class":43},[33,94026,54218],{"class":156},[33,94028,133],{"class":47},[33,94030,1085],{"class":51},[33,94032,143],{"class":47},[33,94034,94035],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94036,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,94038,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94040,157],{"class":156},[33,94042,133],{"class":47},[33,94044,1617],{"class":162},[33,94046,217],{"class":47},[33,94048,2234],{"class":51},[33,94050,4059],{"class":47},[33,94052,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,94054,157],{"class":156},[33,94056,133],{"class":47},[33,94058,726],{"class":156},[33,94060,133],{"class":47},[33,94062,1617],{"class":162},[33,94064,733],{"class":47},[33,94066,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075,94077],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,94068,157],{"class":156},[33,94070,133],{"class":47},[33,94072,2240],{"class":51},[33,94074,21327],{"class":4046},[33,94076,93566],{"class":162},[33,94078,143],{"class":47},[14,94080,207],{},[23,94082,94084],{"className":25,"code":94083,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[30,94085,94086,94090,94094],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94087,94088],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94089,17209],{"class":51},[33,94091,94092],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94093,3123],{"class":51},[33,94095,94096],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94097,4148],{"class":398},[14,94099,94100],{},"Now compare that with this:",[23,94102,94104],{"className":25,"code":94103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[30,94105,94106,94120],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94107,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116,94118],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94109,93195],{"class":39},[33,94111,44],{"class":43},[33,94113,54218],{"class":156},[33,94115,133],{"class":47},[33,94117,1085],{"class":51},[33,94119,143],{"class":47},[33,94121,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94123,1617],{"class":39},[33,94125,310],{"class":47},[33,94127,780],{"class":162},[33,94129,133],{"class":47},[33,94131,1085],{"class":51},[33,94133,143],{"class":47},[14,94135,207],{},[23,94137,94139],{"className":25,"code":94138,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[30,94140,94141],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94142,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94158,94160,94162],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94144,25825],{"class":129},[33,94146,3061],{"class":47},[33,94148,245],{"class":79},[33,94150,1080],{"class":83},[33,94152,236],{"class":79},[33,94154,24771],{"class":129},[33,94156,94157],{"class":39}," has no attribute ",[33,94159,236],{"class":79},[33,94161,780],{"class":83},[33,94163,29853],{"class":79},[14,94165,94166,94167,1931,94169,2370,94171,94173],{},"If you need methods like ",[30,94168,886],{},[30,94170,55674],{},[30,94172,64287],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94175,94176,94177,310],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[273,94178,25833,94179],{"href":35576},[30,94180,34411],{},[18,94182,94184],{"id":94183},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94186,94187],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[23,94189,94190],{"className":25,"code":92666,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94191,94192],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94193,94194,94196,94198,94200,94202,94204],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94195,157],{"class":156},[33,94197,133],{"class":47},[33,94199,1080],{"class":156},[33,94201,133],{"class":47},[33,94203,1085],{"class":51},[33,94205,733],{"class":47},[14,94207,94208],{},"to show:",[23,94210,94211],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94212,94213],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94214,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94216,217],{"class":47},[33,94218,1114],{"class":51},[33,94220,55],{"class":47},[33,94222,1119],{"class":51},[33,94224,55],{"class":47},[33,94226,58],{"class":51},[33,94228,55],{"class":47},[33,94230,63],{"class":51},[33,94232,55],{"class":47},[33,94234,1132],{"class":51},[33,94236,66],{"class":47},[14,94238,94239],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[23,94241,94242],{"className":25,"code":92687,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94243,94244],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94247,1080],{"class":156},[33,94249,133],{"class":47},[33,94251,1114],{"class":51},[33,94253,55],{"class":47},[33,94255,4770],{"class":51},[33,94257,143],{"class":47},[14,94259,4793,94260,94262],{},[205,94261,4796],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94264,94265,94266,94268],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[205,94267,93074],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94270,94271],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[23,94273,94274],{"className":25,"code":91023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94275,94276],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94277,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94279,157],{"class":156},[33,94281,133],{"class":47},[33,94283,1879],{"class":129},[33,94285,133],{"class":47},[33,94287,1080],{"class":156},[33,94289,133],{"class":47},[33,94291,1085],{"class":51},[33,94293,1890],{"class":47},[14,94295,207],{},[23,94297,94298],{"className":25,"code":1105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94299,94300],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94301,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94303,217],{"class":47},[33,94305,1114],{"class":51},[33,94307,55],{"class":47},[33,94309,1119],{"class":51},[33,94311,55],{"class":47},[33,94313,58],{"class":51},[33,94315,55],{"class":47},[33,94317,63],{"class":51},[33,94319,55],{"class":47},[33,94321,1132],{"class":51},[33,94323,66],{"class":47},[18,94325,3006],{"id":3005},[14,94327,94328],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[316,94330,94331,94337,94340,94346],{},[319,94332,1357,94333,94336],{},[30,94334,94335],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[319,94338,94339],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[319,94341,94342,94343,94345],{},"Not realizing that ",[30,94344,309],{}," is iterable but not a list",[319,94347,1357,94348,94350,94351,94353],{},[30,94349,93056],{}," when plain ",[30,94352,309],{}," would be simpler",[14,94355,94356],{},"These quick checks can help:",[23,94358,94360],{"className":25,"code":94359,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[30,94361,94362,94376,94394,94412,94434,94452],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94363,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94365,157],{"class":156},[33,94367,133],{"class":47},[33,94369,1080],{"class":156},[33,94371,133],{"class":47},[33,94373,1085],{"class":51},[33,94375,733],{"class":47},[33,94377,94378,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94379,157],{"class":156},[33,94381,133],{"class":47},[33,94383,1879],{"class":129},[33,94385,133],{"class":47},[33,94387,1080],{"class":156},[33,94389,133],{"class":47},[33,94391,1085],{"class":51},[33,94393,1890],{"class":47},[33,94395,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94397,157],{"class":156},[33,94399,133],{"class":47},[33,94401,1406],{"class":129},[33,94403,133],{"class":47},[33,94405,1080],{"class":156},[33,94407,133],{"class":47},[33,94409,1085],{"class":51},[33,94411,1890],{"class":47},[33,94413,94414,94416,94418,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,94415,157],{"class":156},[33,94417,133],{"class":47},[33,94419,1406],{"class":129},[33,94421,133],{"class":47},[33,94423,1879],{"class":129},[33,94425,133],{"class":47},[33,94427,1080],{"class":156},[33,94429,133],{"class":47},[33,94431,1085],{"class":51},[33,94433,93343],{"class":47},[33,94435,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,94437,157],{"class":156},[33,94439,133],{"class":47},[33,94441,2240],{"class":51},[33,94443,21327],{"class":4046},[33,94445,54218],{"class":156},[33,94447,133],{"class":47},[33,94449,1085],{"class":51},[33,94451,733],{"class":47},[33,94453,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,94455,157],{"class":156},[33,94457,133],{"class":47},[33,94459,726],{"class":156},[33,94461,133],{"class":47},[33,94463,1080],{"class":156},[33,94465,133],{"class":47},[33,94467,1085],{"class":51},[33,94469,1890],{"class":47},[14,94471,207],{},[23,94473,94475],{"className":25,"code":94474,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[30,94476,94477,94491,94515,94529,94543,94547],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94478,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94480,1080],{"class":156},[33,94482,133],{"class":47},[33,94484,1114],{"class":51},[33,94486,55],{"class":47},[33,94488,4770],{"class":51},[33,94490,143],{"class":47},[33,94492,94493,94495,94497,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94494,217],{"class":47},[33,94496,1114],{"class":51},[33,94498,55],{"class":47},[33,94500,1119],{"class":51},[33,94502,55],{"class":47},[33,94504,58],{"class":51},[33,94506,55],{"class":47},[33,94508,63],{"class":51},[33,94510,55],{"class":47},[33,94512,1132],{"class":51},[33,94514,66],{"class":47},[33,94516,94517,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94518,1427],{"class":43},[33,94520,1431],{"class":1430},[33,94522,245],{"class":79},[33,94524,1080],{"class":83},[33,94526,236],{"class":79},[33,94528,1441],{"class":43},[33,94530,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,94532,1427],{"class":43},[33,94534,1431],{"class":1430},[33,94536,245],{"class":79},[33,94538,1879],{"class":83},[33,94540,236],{"class":79},[33,94542,1441],{"class":43},[33,94544,94545],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,94546,4148],{"class":398},[33,94548,94549],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,94550,3123],{"class":51},[18,94552,1961],{"id":1960},[664,94554,15057,94556,94558],{"id":94555},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[30,94557,309],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94560,46519,94561,94563],{},[30,94562,309],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[664,94565,94567,94568,1361,94570,2033],{"id":94566},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[30,94569,309],{},[30,94571,93056],{},[14,94573,94574,94576,94577,94579],{},[30,94575,309],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[30,94578,93056],{}," creates a full list.",[664,94581,94583],{"id":94582},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94585,94586],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94588,367],{},[23,94590,94592],{"className":25,"code":94591,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[30,94593,94594,94608],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94595,94596,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94597,93195],{"class":39},[33,94599,44],{"class":43},[33,94601,54218],{"class":156},[33,94603,133],{"class":47},[33,94605,1085],{"class":51},[33,94607,143],{"class":47},[33,94609,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94611,157],{"class":156},[33,94613,133],{"class":47},[33,94615,1617],{"class":162},[33,94617,217],{"class":47},[33,94619,52],{"class":51},[33,94621,4059],{"class":47},[14,94623,207],{},[23,94625,94626],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,94627,94628],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94629,94630],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94631,47071],{"class":51},[664,94633,5322,94635,94637],{"id":94634},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[30,94636,94335],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94639,94640,94641,94644],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[30,94642,94643],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[664,94646,94648,94649,94651],{"id":94647},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[30,94650,309],{}," to a list?",[14,94653,94654],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[18,94656,2045],{"id":2044},[316,94658,94659,94665,94671,94678,94684],{},[319,94660,94661],{},[273,94662,2076,94663,3683],{"href":93040},[30,94664,309],{},[319,94666,94667],{},[273,94668,2076,94669,3683],{"href":64823},[30,94670,305],{},[319,94672,94673],{},[273,94674,2076,94675,94677],{"href":93493},[30,94676,6117],{}," loops explained",[319,94679,94680],{},[273,94681,37673,94682,36762],{"href":93859},[30,94683,35906],{},[319,94685,94686],{},[273,94687,26274,94688],{"href":35576},[30,94689,34411],{},[2097,94691,94692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":94694},[94695,94696,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94706,94707,94708,94719],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":93159,"depth":69,"text":93160},{"id":93391,"depth":69,"text":94698},"What range() gives you",{"id":93604,"depth":69,"text":94700},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93729,"depth":69,"text":94702},"When to use range()",{"id":93864,"depth":69,"text":94704},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15747,"depth":69,"text":15748},{"id":94183,"depth":69,"text":94184},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":94709},[94710,94712,94714,94715,94717],{"id":94555,"depth":110,"text":94711},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94566,"depth":110,"text":94713},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94582,"depth":110,"text":94583},{"id":94634,"depth":110,"text":94716},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94647,"depth":110,"text":94718},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93046,"description":94720},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94727,"title":94728,"body":94729,"description":96165,"extension":2138,"meta":96166,"navigation":149,"path":96167,"seo":96168,"stem":96169,"__hash__":96170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94730,"toc":96131},[94731,94737,94742,94745,94759,94762,94764,94803,94805,94818,94826,94831,94847,94850,94852,94854,94875,94892,94895,94954,94956,94975,94980,94986,94989,95023,95025,95038,95041,95086,95088,95111,95118,95124,95127,95168,95170,95184,95187,95245,95247,95262,95275,95281,95287,95352,95354,95373,95375,95393,95396,95400,95406,95408,95441,95443,95456,95466,95469,95530,95532,95553,95556,95558,95574,95579,95583,95588,95593,95649,95651,95669,95672,95717,95719,95727,95732,95736,95750,95752,95784,95786,95795,95797,95801,95810,95813,95845,95847,95859,95862,95866,95871,95912,95914,95922,95925,95948,95952,95954,95963,95966,96019,96021,96030,96034,96039,96050,96052,96061,96064,96070,96073,96079,96089,96097,96104,96106,96128],[10,94732,2076,94734,2079],{"id":94733},"python-round-function-explained",[30,94735,94736],{},"round()",[14,94738,9279,94739,94741],{},[30,94740,94736],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94743,94744],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[316,94746,94747,94753],{},[319,94748,94749,94752],{},[30,94750,94751],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[319,94754,94755,94758],{},[30,94756,94757],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94760,94761],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[18,94763,2180],{"id":2179},[23,94765,94767],{"className":25,"code":94766,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[30,94768,94769,94785],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94770,94771,94773,94775,94778,94780,94783],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94772,157],{"class":156},[33,94774,133],{"class":47},[33,94776,94777],{"class":156},"round",[33,94779,133],{"class":47},[33,94781,94782],{"class":51},"3.14159",[33,94784,733],{"class":47},[33,94786,94787,94789,94791,94793,94795,94797,94799,94801],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94788,157],{"class":156},[33,94790,133],{"class":47},[33,94792,94777],{"class":156},[33,94794,133],{"class":47},[33,94796,94782],{"class":51},[33,94798,55],{"class":47},[33,94800,58],{"class":51},[33,94802,733],{"class":47},[14,94804,207],{},[23,94806,94808],{"className":25,"code":94807,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3\n3.14\n",[30,94809,94810,94814],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94811,94812],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94813,46771],{"class":51},[33,94815,94816],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94817,40332],{"class":51},[14,94819,672,94820,94822,94823,94825],{},[30,94821,94751],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[30,94824,94757],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[18,94827,3848,94829,3851],{"id":94828},"what-round-does",[30,94830,94736],{},[316,94832,94833,94838,94841,94844],{},[319,94834,94835,94837],{},[30,94836,94736],{}," is a built-in Python function",[319,94839,94840],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[319,94842,94843],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[319,94845,94846],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94848,94849],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[18,94851,2334],{"id":2333},[14,94853,2337],{},[23,94855,94857],{"className":25,"code":94856,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[30,94858,94859],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94860,94861,94863,94865,94867,94870,94873],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94862,94777],{"class":156},[33,94864,133],{"class":47},[33,94866,2416],{"class":162},[33,94868,94869],{"class":47},"[,",[33,94871,94872],{"class":162}," ndigits",[33,94874,4059],{"class":47},[316,94876,94877,94882,94887],{},[319,94878,94879,94881],{},[30,94880,2416],{}," is the value to round",[319,94883,94884,20192],{},[30,94885,94886],{},"ndigits",[319,94888,94889,94891],{},[30,94890,94886],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94893,94894],{},"Basic examples:",[23,94896,94898],{"className":25,"code":94897,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[30,94899,94900,94915,94933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94901,94902,94904,94906,94908,94910,94913],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94903,157],{"class":156},[33,94905,133],{"class":47},[33,94907,94777],{"class":156},[33,94909,133],{"class":47},[33,94911,94912],{"class":51},"7.8",[33,94914,733],{"class":47},[33,94916,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94931],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94918,157],{"class":156},[33,94920,133],{"class":47},[33,94922,94777],{"class":156},[33,94924,133],{"class":47},[33,94926,94912],{"class":51},[33,94928,55],{"class":47},[33,94930,1119],{"class":51},[33,94932,733],{"class":47},[33,94934,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943,94946,94948,94950,94952],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94936,157],{"class":156},[33,94938,133],{"class":47},[33,94940,94777],{"class":156},[33,94942,133],{"class":47},[33,94944,94945],{"class":51},"1234",[33,94947,55],{"class":47},[33,94949,2399],{"class":43},[33,94951,2234],{"class":51},[33,94953,733],{"class":47},[14,94955,207],{},[23,94957,94959],{"className":25,"code":94958,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[30,94960,94961,94965,94970],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94962,94963],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94964,2556],{"class":51},[33,94966,94967],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,94968,94969],{"class":51},"7.8\n",[33,94971,94972],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,94973,94974],{"class":51},"1200\n",[14,94976,94977,94978,310],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[273,94979,2595],{"href":2594},[18,94981,1357,94983,94985],{"id":94982},"using-round-with-one-argument",[30,94984,94736],{}," with one argument",[14,94987,94988],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[23,94990,94992],{"className":25,"code":94991,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[30,94993,94994,95008],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,94995,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,94997,157],{"class":156},[33,94999,133],{"class":47},[33,95001,94777],{"class":156},[33,95003,133],{"class":47},[33,95005,2537],{"class":51},[33,95007,733],{"class":47},[33,95009,95010,95012,95014,95016,95018,95021],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95011,157],{"class":156},[33,95013,133],{"class":47},[33,95015,94777],{"class":156},[33,95017,133],{"class":47},[33,95019,95020],{"class":51},"4.8",[33,95022,733],{"class":47},[14,95024,207],{},[23,95026,95028],{"className":25,"code":95027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"4\n5\n",[30,95029,95030,95034],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95031,95032],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95033,48804],{"class":51},[33,95035,95036],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95037,3123],{"class":51},[14,95039,95040],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[23,95042,95044],{"className":25,"code":95043,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,95045,95046,95062,95072],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95047,95048,95050,95052,95055,95057,95060],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95049,1506],{"class":39},[33,95051,44],{"class":43},[33,95053,95054],{"class":156}," round",[33,95056,133],{"class":47},[33,95058,95059],{"class":51},"10.2",[33,95061,143],{"class":47},[33,95063,95064,95066,95068,95070],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95065,157],{"class":156},[33,95067,133],{"class":47},[33,95069,1530],{"class":162},[33,95071,143],{"class":47},[33,95073,95074,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95075,157],{"class":156},[33,95077,133],{"class":47},[33,95079,1406],{"class":129},[33,95081,133],{"class":47},[33,95083,1530],{"class":162},[33,95085,733],{"class":47},[14,95087,207],{},[23,95089,95091],{"className":25,"code":95090,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,95092,95093,95097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95094,95095],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95096,2551],{"class":51},[33,95098,95099,95101,95103,95105,95107,95109],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95100,1427],{"class":43},[33,95102,1431],{"class":1430},[33,95104,245],{"class":79},[33,95106,2366],{"class":83},[33,95108,236],{"class":79},[33,95110,1441],{"class":43},[14,95112,95113,95114,310],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[273,95115,2076,95116,3683],{"href":3051},[30,95117,3054],{},[18,95119,1357,95121,95123],{"id":95120},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[30,95122,94736],{}," with decimal places",[14,95125,95126],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[23,95128,95130],{"className":25,"code":95129,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[30,95131,95132,95150],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95133,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95135,157],{"class":156},[33,95137,133],{"class":47},[33,95139,94777],{"class":156},[33,95141,133],{"class":47},[33,95143,94782],{"class":51},[33,95145,55],{"class":47},[33,95147,58],{"class":51},[33,95149,733],{"class":47},[33,95151,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95153,157],{"class":156},[33,95155,133],{"class":47},[33,95157,94777],{"class":156},[33,95159,133],{"class":47},[33,95161,94782],{"class":51},[33,95163,55],{"class":47},[33,95165,63],{"class":51},[33,95167,733],{"class":47},[14,95169,207],{},[23,95171,95173],{"className":25,"code":95172,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.14\n3.142\n",[30,95174,95175,95179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95176,95177],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95178,40332],{"class":51},[33,95180,95181],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95182,95183],{"class":51},"3.142\n",[14,95185,95186],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[23,95188,95190],{"className":25,"code":95189,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[30,95191,95192,95201,95220,95224,95234],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95193,95194,95196,95198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95195,40542],{"class":39},[33,95197,44],{"class":43},[33,95199,95200],{"class":51}," 19.9876\n",[33,95202,95203,95206,95208,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95204,95205],{"class":39},"rounded_price ",[33,95207,44],{"class":43},[33,95209,95054],{"class":156},[33,95211,133],{"class":47},[33,95213,25303],{"class":162},[33,95215,55],{"class":47},[33,95217,58],{"class":51},[33,95219,143],{"class":47},[33,95221,95222],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95223,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95227,157],{"class":156},[33,95229,133],{"class":47},[33,95231,25303],{"class":162},[33,95233,143],{"class":47},[33,95235,95236,95238,95240,95243],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,95237,157],{"class":156},[33,95239,133],{"class":47},[33,95241,95242],{"class":162},"rounded_price",[33,95244,143],{"class":47},[14,95246,207],{},[23,95248,95250],{"className":25,"code":95249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[30,95251,95252,95257],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95253,95254],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95255,95256],{"class":51},"19.9876\n",[33,95258,95259],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95260,95261],{"class":51},"19.99\n",[14,95263,95264,95265,95268,95269,453,95271,310],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[30,95266,95267],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[273,95270,41045],{"href":41044},[273,95272,2076,95273,3683],{"href":3057},[30,95274,3060],{},[18,95276,95278,95279],{"id":95277},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[30,95280,94886],{},[14,95282,95283,95284,95286],{},"A negative ",[30,95285,94886],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[23,95288,95290],{"className":25,"code":95289,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[30,95291,95292,95312,95332],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95293,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95295,157],{"class":156},[33,95297,133],{"class":47},[33,95299,94777],{"class":156},[33,95301,133],{"class":47},[33,95303,94945],{"class":51},[33,95305,55],{"class":47},[33,95307,2399],{"class":43},[33,95309,52],{"class":51},[33,95311,733],{"class":47},[33,95313,95314,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95315,157],{"class":156},[33,95317,133],{"class":47},[33,95319,94777],{"class":156},[33,95321,133],{"class":47},[33,95323,94945],{"class":51},[33,95325,55],{"class":47},[33,95327,2399],{"class":43},[33,95329,2234],{"class":51},[33,95331,733],{"class":47},[33,95333,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95335,157],{"class":156},[33,95337,133],{"class":47},[33,95339,94777],{"class":156},[33,95341,133],{"class":47},[33,95343,94945],{"class":51},[33,95345,55],{"class":47},[33,95347,2399],{"class":43},[33,95349,2240],{"class":51},[33,95351,733],{"class":47},[14,95353,207],{},[23,95355,95357],{"className":25,"code":95356,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[30,95358,95359,95364,95368],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95360,95361],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95362,95363],{"class":51},"1230\n",[33,95365,95366],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95367,94974],{"class":51},[33,95369,95370],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95371,95372],{"class":51},"1000\n",[14,95374,65560],{},[316,95376,95377,95382,95388],{},[319,95378,95379,95381],{},[30,95380,65830],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[319,95383,95384,95387],{},[30,95385,95386],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[319,95389,95390,95392],{},[30,95391,47824],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95394,95395],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[18,95397,95399],{"id":95398},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95401,95402,95403,310],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[30,95404,95405],{},".5",[14,95407,5632],{},[23,95409,95411],{"className":25,"code":95410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[30,95412,95413,95427],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95416,157],{"class":156},[33,95418,133],{"class":47},[33,95420,94777],{"class":156},[33,95422,133],{"class":47},[33,95424,41312],{"class":51},[33,95426,733],{"class":47},[33,95428,95429,95431,95433,95435,95437,95439],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95430,157],{"class":156},[33,95432,133],{"class":47},[33,95434,94777],{"class":156},[33,95436,133],{"class":47},[33,95438,2217],{"class":51},[33,95440,733],{"class":47},[14,95442,207],{},[23,95444,95446],{"className":25,"code":95445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"2\n4\n",[30,95447,95448,95452],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95449,95450],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95451,17209],{"class":51},[33,95453,95454],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95455,48804],{"class":51},[14,95457,95458,95459,95462,95463,95465],{},"Python uses ",[205,95460,95461],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[30,95464,95405],{}," situations.",[14,95467,95468],{},"More examples:",[23,95470,95472],{"className":25,"code":95471,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[30,95473,95474,95488,95502,95516],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95477,157],{"class":156},[33,95479,133],{"class":47},[33,95481,94777],{"class":156},[33,95483,133],{"class":47},[33,95485,41325],{"class":51},[33,95487,733],{"class":47},[33,95489,95490,95492,95494,95496,95498,95500],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95491,157],{"class":156},[33,95493,133],{"class":47},[33,95495,94777],{"class":156},[33,95497,133],{"class":47},[33,95499,41312],{"class":51},[33,95501,733],{"class":47},[33,95503,95504,95506,95508,95510,95512,95514],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95505,157],{"class":156},[33,95507,133],{"class":47},[33,95509,94777],{"class":156},[33,95511,133],{"class":47},[33,95513,2217],{"class":51},[33,95515,733],{"class":47},[33,95517,95518,95520,95522,95524,95526,95528],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95519,157],{"class":156},[33,95521,133],{"class":47},[33,95523,94777],{"class":156},[33,95525,133],{"class":47},[33,95527,41277],{"class":51},[33,95529,733],{"class":47},[14,95531,207],{},[23,95533,95535],{"className":25,"code":95534,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[30,95536,95537,95541,95545,95549],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95538,95539],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95540,17209],{"class":51},[33,95542,95543],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95544,17209],{"class":51},[33,95546,95547],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95548,48804],{"class":51},[33,95550,95551],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95552,48804],{"class":51},[14,95554,95555],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95557,10867],{},[316,95559,95560,95567],{},[319,95561,95562,2310,95565],{},[30,95563,95564],{},"round(2.5)",[30,95566,2234],{},[319,95568,95569,2310,95572],{},[30,95570,95571],{},"round(3.5)",[30,95573,2679],{},[14,95575,3346,95576,95578],{},[30,95577,95405],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[18,95580,95582],{"id":95581},"return-values","Return values",[14,95584,95585,95587],{},[30,95586,94736],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95589,41059,95590,95592],{},[205,95591,4796],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[23,95594,95596],{"className":25,"code":95595,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[30,95597,95598,95607,95611,95621,95639],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95599,95600,95602,95604],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95601,2622],{"class":39},[33,95603,44],{"class":43},[33,95605,95606],{"class":51}," 3.14159\n",[33,95608,95609],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95610,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,95612,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95614,157],{"class":156},[33,95616,133],{"class":47},[33,95618,2647],{"class":162},[33,95620,143],{"class":47},[33,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635,95637],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95624,157],{"class":156},[33,95626,133],{"class":47},[33,95628,94777],{"class":156},[33,95630,133],{"class":47},[33,95632,2647],{"class":162},[33,95634,55],{"class":47},[33,95636,58],{"class":51},[33,95638,733],{"class":47},[33,95640,95641,95643,95645,95647],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,95642,157],{"class":156},[33,95644,133],{"class":47},[33,95646,2647],{"class":162},[33,95648,143],{"class":47},[14,95650,207],{},[23,95652,95654],{"className":25,"code":95653,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[30,95655,95656,95661,95665],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95657,95658],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95659,95660],{"class":51},"3.14159\n",[33,95662,95663],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95664,40332],{"class":51},[33,95666,95667],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95668,95660],{"class":51},[14,95670,95671],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[23,95673,95675],{"className":25,"code":95674,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[30,95676,95677,95685,95703,95707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95678,95679,95681,95683],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95680,2622],{"class":39},[33,95682,44],{"class":43},[33,95684,95606],{"class":51},[33,95686,95687,95689,95691,95693,95695,95697,95699,95701],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95688,2622],{"class":39},[33,95690,44],{"class":43},[33,95692,95054],{"class":156},[33,95694,133],{"class":47},[33,95696,2647],{"class":162},[33,95698,55],{"class":47},[33,95700,58],{"class":51},[33,95702,143],{"class":47},[33,95704,95705],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95706,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,95708,95709,95711,95713,95715],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95710,157],{"class":156},[33,95712,133],{"class":47},[33,95714,2647],{"class":162},[33,95716,143],{"class":47},[14,95718,207],{},[23,95720,95721],{"className":25,"code":40332,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,95722,95723],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95724,95725],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95726,40332],{"class":51},[18,95728,5127,95730],{"id":95729},"when-to-use-round",[30,95731,94736],{},[14,95733,672,95734,6477],{},[30,95735,94736],{},[316,95737,95738,95741,95744,95747],{},[319,95739,95740],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[319,95742,95743],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[319,95745,95746],{},"Round values before reporting results",[319,95748,95749],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95751,5632],{},[23,95753,95755],{"className":25,"code":95754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[30,95756,95757,95766],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95758,95759,95761,95763],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95760,2771],{"class":39},[33,95762,44],{"class":43},[33,95764,95765],{"class":51}," 12.67891\n",[33,95767,95768,95770,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95769,157],{"class":156},[33,95771,133],{"class":47},[33,95773,94777],{"class":156},[33,95775,133],{"class":47},[33,95777,2794],{"class":162},[33,95779,55],{"class":47},[33,95781,58],{"class":51},[33,95783,733],{"class":47},[14,95785,207],{},[23,95787,95789],{"className":25,"code":95788,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"12.68\n",[30,95790,95791],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95792,95793],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95794,95788],{"class":51},[18,95796,3006],{"id":3005},[14,95798,23248,95799,310],{},[30,95800,94736],{},[664,95802,1487,95804,95806,95807,95809],{"id":95803},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[30,95805,94736],{}," to always round ",[30,95808,95405],{}," upward",[14,95811,95812],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[23,95814,95815],{"className":25,"code":95410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,95816,95817,95831],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95818,95819,95821,95823,95825,95827,95829],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95820,157],{"class":156},[33,95822,133],{"class":47},[33,95824,94777],{"class":156},[33,95826,133],{"class":47},[33,95828,41312],{"class":51},[33,95830,733],{"class":47},[33,95832,95833,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95834,157],{"class":156},[33,95836,133],{"class":47},[33,95838,94777],{"class":156},[33,95840,133],{"class":47},[33,95842,2217],{"class":51},[33,95844,733],{"class":47},[14,95846,207],{},[23,95848,95849],{"className":25,"code":95445,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,95850,95851,95855],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95852,95853],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95854,17209],{"class":51},[33,95856,95857],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95858,48804],{"class":51},[14,95860,95861],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[664,95863,95865],{"id":95864},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95867,95868,95870],{},[30,95869,94736],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[23,95872,95874],{"className":25,"code":95873,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[30,95875,95876,95884,95898,95902],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95877,95878,95880,95882],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95879,2622],{"class":39},[33,95881,44],{"class":43},[33,95883,95606],{"class":51},[33,95885,95886,95888,95890,95892,95894,95896],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95887,94777],{"class":156},[33,95889,133],{"class":47},[33,95891,2647],{"class":162},[33,95893,55],{"class":47},[33,95895,58],{"class":51},[33,95897,143],{"class":47},[33,95899,95900],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,95901,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,95903,95904,95906,95908,95910],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,95905,157],{"class":156},[33,95907,133],{"class":47},[33,95909,2647],{"class":162},[33,95911,143],{"class":47},[14,95913,207],{},[23,95915,95916],{"className":25,"code":95660,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,95917,95918],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95919,95920],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95921,95660],{"class":51},[14,95923,95924],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[23,95926,95928],{"className":25,"code":95927,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[30,95929,95930],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95931,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95933,2622],{"class":39},[33,95935,44],{"class":43},[33,95937,95054],{"class":156},[33,95939,133],{"class":47},[33,95941,2647],{"class":162},[33,95943,55],{"class":47},[33,95945,58],{"class":51},[33,95947,143],{"class":47},[664,95949,95951],{"id":95950},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95953,16553],{},[23,95955,95957],{"className":25,"code":95956,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[30,95958,95959],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95960,95961],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95962,95956],{"class":1308},[14,95964,95965],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[23,95967,95969],{"className":25,"code":95968,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[30,95970,95971,95983,95997,96001],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,95972,95973,95975,95977,95979,95981],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,95974,34843],{"class":39},[33,95976,44],{"class":43},[33,95978,91],{"class":79},[33,95980,40298],{"class":83},[33,95982,3532],{"class":79},[33,95984,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,95986,2394],{"class":39},[33,95988,44],{"class":43},[33,95990,40410],{"class":129},[33,95992,133],{"class":47},[33,95994,34864],{"class":162},[33,95996,143],{"class":47},[33,95998,95999],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96000,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96002,96003,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96004,157],{"class":156},[33,96006,133],{"class":47},[33,96008,94777],{"class":156},[33,96010,133],{"class":47},[33,96012,2416],{"class":162},[33,96014,55],{"class":47},[33,96016,1119],{"class":51},[33,96018,733],{"class":47},[14,96020,207],{},[23,96022,96024],{"className":25,"code":96023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.1\n",[30,96025,96026],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96027,96028],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96029,96023],{"class":51},[664,96031,96033],{"id":96032},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96035,96036,96038],{},[30,96037,94736],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96040,96041,96042,453,96046,310],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[273,96043,96044],{"href":3057},[30,96045,3060],{},[273,96047,96048],{"href":3051},[30,96049,3054],{},[18,96051,1961],{"id":1960},[664,96053,12857,96055,96057,96058,96060],{"id":96054},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[30,96056,94736],{}," always round ",[30,96059,40369],{}," up?",[14,96062,96063],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[664,96065,12857,96067,96069],{"id":96066},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[30,96068,94736],{}," change the original number?",[14,96071,96072],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[664,96074,5334,96076,96078],{"id":96075},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[30,96077,94736],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96080,96081,96082,96084,96085,453,96087,310],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[30,96083,94886],{}," value like ",[30,96086,65830],{},[30,96088,95386],{},[664,96090,28481,96092,96094,96095,2033],{"id":96091},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[30,96093,94736],{}," on a string like ",[30,96096,48248],{},[14,96098,96099,96100,453,96102,310],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[30,96101,3060],{},[30,96103,3054],{},[18,96105,2045],{"id":2044},[316,96107,96108,96114,96120,96124],{},[319,96109,96110],{},[273,96111,2076,96112,3683],{"href":3057},[30,96113,3060],{},[319,96115,96116],{},[273,96117,2076,96118,3683],{"href":3051},[30,96119,3054],{},[319,96121,96122],{},[273,96123,2595],{"href":2594},[319,96125,96126],{},[273,96127,42334],{"href":41044},[2097,96129,96130],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":96132},[96133,96134,96136,96137,96139,96141,96143,96144,96145,96147,96154,96164],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":94828,"depth":69,"text":96135},"What round() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":94982,"depth":69,"text":96138},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95120,"depth":69,"text":96140},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95277,"depth":69,"text":96142},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95398,"depth":69,"text":95399},{"id":95581,"depth":69,"text":95582},{"id":95729,"depth":69,"text":96146},"When to use round()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":96148},[96149,96151,96152,96153],{"id":95803,"depth":110,"text":96150},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95864,"depth":110,"text":95865},{"id":95950,"depth":110,"text":95951},{"id":96032,"depth":110,"text":96033},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":96155},[96156,96158,96160,96162],{"id":96054,"depth":110,"text":96157},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96066,"depth":110,"text":96159},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96075,"depth":110,"text":96161},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96091,"depth":110,"text":96163},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94728,"description":96165},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96172,"title":96173,"body":96174,"description":97359,"extension":2138,"meta":97360,"navigation":149,"path":97361,"seo":97362,"stem":97363,"__hash__":97364},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96175,"toc":97333},[96176,96183,96189,96192,96194,96243,96247,96272,96277,96282,96287,96301,96312,96314,96333,96335,96351,96354,96365,96367,96369,96430,96434,96467,96474,96481,96484,96517,96520,96524,96527,96580,96584,96605,96611,96618,96625,96686,96694,96771,96775,96787,96796,96798,96804,96810,96814,96867,96870,96928,96932,96940,96943,96947,96950,96960,96962,97059,97062,97073,97076,97119,97123,97147,97150,97156,97158,97162,97187,97189,97256,97265,97267,97273,97278,97282,97285,97289,97296,97300,97305,97307,97324,97330],[10,96177,96179,96180,2059],{"id":96178},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[30,96181,96182],{},"add()",[14,96184,96185,96188],{},[30,96186,96187],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96190,96191],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[18,96193,2180],{"id":2179},[23,96195,96197],{"className":25,"code":96196,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,96198,96199,96219,96233],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96200,96201,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96202,40],{"class":39},[33,96204,44],{"class":43},[33,96206,10644],{"class":47},[33,96208,52],{"class":51},[33,96210,55],{"class":47},[33,96212,58],{"class":51},[33,96214,55],{"class":47},[33,96216,63],{"class":51},[33,96218,9462],{"class":47},[33,96220,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96222,163],{"class":39},[33,96224,310],{"class":47},[33,96226,82082],{"class":162},[33,96228,133],{"class":47},[33,96230,2679],{"class":51},[33,96232,143],{"class":47},[33,96234,96235,96237,96239,96241],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96236,157],{"class":156},[33,96238,133],{"class":47},[33,96240,163],{"class":162},[33,96242,143],{"class":47},[14,96244,96245],{},[205,96246,207],{},[23,96248,96250],{"className":25,"code":96249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,96251,96252],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96253,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266,96268,96270],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96255,9432],{"class":47},[33,96257,52],{"class":51},[33,96259,55],{"class":47},[33,96261,58],{"class":51},[33,96263,55],{"class":47},[33,96265,63],{"class":51},[33,96267,55],{"class":47},[33,96269,1132],{"class":51},[33,96271,9462],{"class":47},[14,96273,672,96274,96276],{},[30,96275,96182],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[18,96278,3848,96280,3851],{"id":96279},"what-setadd-does",[30,96281,96187],{},[14,96283,96284,96286],{},[30,96285,96187],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[316,96288,96289,96292,96295,96298],{},[319,96290,96291],{},"Adds one item to a set",[319,96293,96294],{},"Changes the original set in place",[319,96296,96297],{},"Does not return a new set",[319,96299,96300],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96302,96303,96304,453,96308,310],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[273,96305,96307],{"href":96306},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[273,96309,96311],{"href":96310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[18,96313,2334],{"id":2333},[23,96315,96317],{"className":25,"code":96316,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.add(item)\n",[30,96318,96319],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96320,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96322,15818],{"class":39},[33,96324,310],{"class":47},[33,96326,82082],{"class":162},[33,96328,133],{"class":47},[33,96330,23464],{"class":162},[33,96332,143],{"class":47},[14,96334,11610],{},[316,96336,96337,96342,96345],{},[319,96338,56054,96339,96341],{},[30,96340,96182],{}," on an existing set",[319,96343,96344],{},"Pass exactly one item",[319,96346,96347,96348],{},"The item must be ",[205,96349,96350],{},"hashable",[14,96352,96353],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[316,96355,96356,96358,96360,96363],{},[319,96357,56606],{},[319,96359,56609],{},[319,96361,96362],{},"Tuples",[319,96364,40748],{},[18,96366,11627],{"id":11626},[14,96368,11630],{},[23,96370,96372],{"className":25,"code":96371,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,96373,96374,96398,96416,96420],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96377,13229],{"class":39},[33,96379,44],{"class":43},[33,96381,10644],{"class":47},[33,96383,80],{"class":79},[33,96385,13246],{"class":83},[33,96387,80],{"class":79},[33,96389,55],{"class":47},[33,96391,91],{"class":79},[33,96393,13263],{"class":83},[33,96395,80],{"class":79},[33,96397,9462],{"class":47},[33,96399,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96401,17655],{"class":39},[33,96403,310],{"class":47},[33,96405,82082],{"class":162},[33,96407,133],{"class":47},[33,96409,80],{"class":79},[33,96411,17608],{"class":83},[33,96413,80],{"class":79},[33,96415,143],{"class":47},[33,96417,96418],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96419,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96423,157],{"class":156},[33,96425,133],{"class":47},[33,96427,17655],{"class":162},[33,96429,143],{"class":47},[14,96431,96432],{},[205,96433,30183],{},[23,96435,96437],{"className":25,"code":96436,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[30,96438,96439],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96442,9432],{"class":47},[33,96444,236],{"class":79},[33,96446,13246],{"class":83},[33,96448,236],{"class":79},[33,96450,55],{"class":47},[33,96452,245],{"class":79},[33,96454,17608],{"class":83},[33,96456,236],{"class":79},[33,96458,55],{"class":47},[33,96460,245],{"class":79},[33,96462,13263],{"class":83},[33,96464,236],{"class":79},[33,96466,9462],{"class":47},[14,96468,96469,96470,96473],{},"The new value ",[30,96471,96472],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96475,96476,96477,96480],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[205,96478,96479],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96482,96483],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[23,96485,96487],{"className":25,"code":96486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[30,96488,96489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96490,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96492,9432],{"class":47},[33,96494,236],{"class":79},[33,96496,13263],{"class":83},[33,96498,236],{"class":79},[33,96500,55],{"class":47},[33,96502,245],{"class":79},[33,96504,13246],{"class":83},[33,96506,236],{"class":79},[33,96508,55],{"class":47},[33,96510,245],{"class":79},[33,96512,17608],{"class":83},[33,96514,236],{"class":79},[33,96516,9462],{"class":47},[14,96518,96519],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[18,96521,96523],{"id":96522},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96525,96526],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[23,96528,96530],{"className":25,"code":96529,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,96531,96532,96552,96566,96570],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96533,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96535,40],{"class":39},[33,96537,44],{"class":43},[33,96539,10644],{"class":47},[33,96541,52],{"class":51},[33,96543,55],{"class":47},[33,96545,58],{"class":51},[33,96547,55],{"class":47},[33,96549,63],{"class":51},[33,96551,9462],{"class":47},[33,96553,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96555,163],{"class":39},[33,96557,310],{"class":47},[33,96559,82082],{"class":162},[33,96561,133],{"class":47},[33,96563,2234],{"class":51},[33,96565,143],{"class":47},[33,96567,96568],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96569,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96571,96572,96574,96576,96578],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96573,157],{"class":156},[33,96575,133],{"class":47},[33,96577,163],{"class":162},[33,96579,143],{"class":47},[14,96581,96582],{},[205,96583,207],{},[23,96585,96587],{"className":25,"code":96586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[30,96588,96589],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96590,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96592,9432],{"class":47},[33,96594,52],{"class":51},[33,96596,55],{"class":47},[33,96598,58],{"class":51},[33,96600,55],{"class":47},[33,96602,63],{"class":51},[33,96604,9462],{"class":47},[14,96606,96607,96608,96610],{},"The set stays the same because ",[30,96609,2234],{}," was already present.",[18,96612,96614,10739,96616],{"id":96613},"add-vs-update",[30,96615,96182],{},[30,96617,15108],{},[14,96619,672,96620,96622,96623,310],{},[30,96621,96182],{}," when you want to add ",[205,96624,52808],{},[23,96626,96628],{"className":25,"code":96627,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[30,96629,96630,96654,96672,96676],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96631,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96633,124],{"class":39},[33,96635,44],{"class":43},[33,96637,10644],{"class":47},[33,96639,80],{"class":79},[33,96641,273],{"class":83},[33,96643,80],{"class":79},[33,96645,55],{"class":47},[33,96647,91],{"class":79},[33,96649,282],{"class":83},[33,96651,80],{"class":79},[33,96653,9462],{"class":47},[33,96655,96656,96658,96660,96662,96664,96666,96668,96670],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96657,199],{"class":39},[33,96659,310],{"class":47},[33,96661,82082],{"class":162},[33,96663,133],{"class":47},[33,96665,80],{"class":79},[33,96667,291],{"class":83},[33,96669,80],{"class":79},[33,96671,143],{"class":47},[33,96673,96674],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96675,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96677,96678,96680,96682,96684],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96679,157],{"class":156},[33,96681,133],{"class":47},[33,96683,199],{"class":162},[33,96685,143],{"class":47},[14,96687,672,96688,96622,96690,96693],{},[30,96689,15108],{},[205,96691,96692],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[23,96695,96697],{"className":25,"code":96696,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[30,96698,96699,96723,96757,96761],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96700,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96702,124],{"class":39},[33,96704,44],{"class":43},[33,96706,10644],{"class":47},[33,96708,80],{"class":79},[33,96710,273],{"class":83},[33,96712,80],{"class":79},[33,96714,55],{"class":47},[33,96716,91],{"class":79},[33,96718,282],{"class":83},[33,96720,80],{"class":79},[33,96722,9462],{"class":47},[33,96724,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96726,199],{"class":39},[33,96728,310],{"class":47},[33,96730,30618],{"class":162},[33,96732,3162],{"class":47},[33,96734,80],{"class":79},[33,96736,291],{"class":83},[33,96738,80],{"class":79},[33,96740,55],{"class":47},[33,96742,91],{"class":79},[33,96744,1634],{"class":83},[33,96746,80],{"class":79},[33,96748,55],{"class":47},[33,96750,91],{"class":79},[33,96752,1559],{"class":83},[33,96754,80],{"class":79},[33,96756,4059],{"class":47},[33,96758,96759],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96760,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96762,96763,96765,96767,96769],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96764,157],{"class":156},[33,96766,133],{"class":47},[33,96768,199],{"class":162},[33,96770,143],{"class":47},[664,96772,96774],{"id":96773},"key-difference","Key difference",[316,96776,96777,96782],{},[319,96778,96779,96781],{},[30,96780,96182],{}," adds one item",[319,96783,96784,96786],{},[30,96785,15108],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96788,96789,96790,310],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[273,96791,96793,96794,887],{"href":96792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[30,96795,15108],{},[18,96797,17571],{"id":17570},[14,96799,96800,2572,96802,310],{},[30,96801,96187],{},[30,96803,3950],{},[14,96805,96806,96807,96809],{},"That means you should ",[205,96808,4796],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[664,96811,96813],{"id":96812},"correct","Correct",[23,96815,96817],{"className":25,"code":96816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[30,96818,96819,96839,96853,96857],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96820,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96822,15780],{"class":39},[33,96824,44],{"class":43},[33,96826,10644],{"class":47},[33,96828,52],{"class":51},[33,96830,55],{"class":47},[33,96832,58],{"class":51},[33,96834,55],{"class":47},[33,96836,63],{"class":51},[33,96838,9462],{"class":47},[33,96840,96841,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96842,15818],{"class":39},[33,96844,310],{"class":47},[33,96846,82082],{"class":162},[33,96848,133],{"class":47},[33,96850,2679],{"class":51},[33,96852,143],{"class":47},[33,96854,96855],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96856,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96858,96859,96861,96863,96865],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96860,157],{"class":156},[33,96862,133],{"class":47},[33,96864,15818],{"class":162},[33,96866,143],{"class":47},[664,96868,96869],{"id":61744},"Wrong",[23,96871,96873],{"className":25,"code":96872,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[30,96874,96875,96895,96914,96918],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96876,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96878,15780],{"class":39},[33,96880,44],{"class":43},[33,96882,10644],{"class":47},[33,96884,52],{"class":51},[33,96886,55],{"class":47},[33,96888,58],{"class":51},[33,96890,55],{"class":47},[33,96892,63],{"class":51},[33,96894,9462],{"class":47},[33,96896,96897,96899,96901,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96898,15780],{"class":39},[33,96900,44],{"class":43},[33,96902,96903],{"class":39}," my_set",[33,96905,310],{"class":47},[33,96907,82082],{"class":162},[33,96909,133],{"class":47},[33,96911,2679],{"class":51},[33,96913,143],{"class":47},[33,96915,96916],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96917,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96919,96920,96922,96924,96926],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96921,157],{"class":156},[33,96923,133],{"class":47},[33,96925,15818],{"class":162},[33,96927,143],{"class":47},[14,96929,96930],{},[205,96931,207],{},[23,96933,96934],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,96935,96936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96937,96938],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96939,11961],{"class":398},[14,96941,96942],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[18,96944,96946],{"id":96945},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96948,96949],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[316,96951,96952,96954,96956,96958],{},[319,96953,56606],{},[319,96955,56609],{},[319,96957,96362],{},[319,96959,40748],{},[14,96961,367],{},[23,96963,96965],{"className":25,"code":96964,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[30,96966,96967,96977,96981,96995,97013,97031,97045,97049],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,96968,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,96970,377],{"class":39},[33,96972,44],{"class":43},[33,96974,15785],{"class":129},[33,96976,1671],{"class":47},[33,96978,96979],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,96980,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,96984,414],{"class":39},[33,96986,310],{"class":47},[33,96988,82082],{"class":162},[33,96990,133],{"class":47},[33,96992,538],{"class":51},[33,96994,143],{"class":47},[33,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,96998,414],{"class":39},[33,97000,310],{"class":47},[33,97002,82082],{"class":162},[33,97004,133],{"class":47},[33,97006,80],{"class":79},[33,97008,545],{"class":83},[33,97010,80],{"class":79},[33,97012,143],{"class":47},[33,97014,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97016,414],{"class":39},[33,97018,310],{"class":47},[33,97020,82082],{"class":162},[33,97022,1010],{"class":47},[33,97024,52],{"class":51},[33,97026,55],{"class":47},[33,97028,58],{"class":51},[33,97030,733],{"class":47},[33,97032,97033,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,97034,414],{"class":39},[33,97036,310],{"class":47},[33,97038,82082],{"class":162},[33,97040,133],{"class":47},[33,97042,3777],{"class":398},[33,97044,143],{"class":47},[33,97046,97047],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,97048,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97050,97051,97053,97055,97057],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,97052,157],{"class":156},[33,97054,133],{"class":47},[33,97056,414],{"class":162},[33,97058,143],{"class":47},[14,97060,97061],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[316,97063,97064,97067,97070],{},[319,97065,97066],{},"Lists",[319,97068,97069],{},"Dictionaries",[319,97071,97072],{},"Sets",[14,97074,97075],{},"Example that causes an error:",[23,97077,97079],{"className":25,"code":97078,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[30,97080,97081,97101],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97082,97083,97085,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97084,377],{"class":39},[33,97086,44],{"class":43},[33,97088,10644],{"class":47},[33,97090,52],{"class":51},[33,97092,55],{"class":47},[33,97094,58],{"class":51},[33,97096,55],{"class":47},[33,97098,63],{"class":51},[33,97100,9462],{"class":47},[33,97102,97103,97105,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97104,414],{"class":39},[33,97106,310],{"class":47},[33,97108,82082],{"class":162},[33,97110,3162],{"class":47},[33,97112,2679],{"class":51},[33,97114,55],{"class":47},[33,97116,4770],{"class":51},[33,97118,4059],{"class":47},[14,97120,97121],{},[205,97122,29834],{},[23,97124,97126],{"className":25,"code":97125,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[30,97127,97128],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97129,97130,97132,97134,97137,97139,97141,97143,97145],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97131,3181],{"class":129},[33,97133,3061],{"class":47},[33,97135,97136],{"class":39}," unhashable ",[33,97138,1406],{"class":129},[33,97140,3061],{"class":47},[33,97142,245],{"class":79},[33,97144,1879],{"class":83},[33,97146,29853],{"class":79},[14,97148,97149],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97151,97152,97153,310],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[30,97154,97155],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[18,97157,3006],{"id":3005},[14,97159,14887,97160,3061],{},[30,97161,96187],{},[316,97163,97164,97169,97174,97177,97184],{},[319,97165,1357,97166,97168],{},[30,97167,96182],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[319,97170,1487,97171,97173],{},[30,97172,96182],{}," to return the updated set",[319,97175,97176],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[319,97178,37358,97179,97181,97182],{},[30,97180,96187],{}," with list ",[30,97183,886],{},[319,97185,97186],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97188,71482],{},[23,97190,97192],{"className":25,"code":97191,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[30,97193,97194,97204,97218,97228,97242],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97195,97196,97198,97200,97202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97197,157],{"class":156},[33,97199,133],{"class":47},[33,97201,15818],{"class":162},[33,97203,143],{"class":47},[33,97205,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97207,157],{"class":156},[33,97209,133],{"class":47},[33,97211,1406],{"class":129},[33,97213,133],{"class":47},[33,97215,15818],{"class":162},[33,97217,733],{"class":47},[33,97219,97220,97222,97224,97226],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97221,157],{"class":156},[33,97223,133],{"class":47},[33,97225,2647],{"class":162},[33,97227,143],{"class":47},[33,97229,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,97231,157],{"class":156},[33,97233,133],{"class":47},[33,97235,1406],{"class":129},[33,97237,133],{"class":47},[33,97239,2647],{"class":162},[33,97241,733],{"class":47},[33,97243,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97245,32307],{"class":156},[33,97247,133],{"class":47},[33,97249,6446],{"class":129},[33,97251,310],{"class":47},[33,97253,82082],{"class":24904},[33,97255,143],{"class":47},[14,97257,97258,97259,97261,97262,310],{},"Also remember that ",[30,97260,96187],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[273,97263,53201],{"href":97264},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[18,97266,1961],{"id":1960},[664,97268,12857,97270,97272],{"id":97269},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[30,97271,96187],{}," return a new set?",[14,97274,97275,97276,310],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[30,97277,3950],{},[664,97279,97281],{"id":97280},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97283,97284],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[664,97286,97288],{"id":97287},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97290,672,97291,1361,97294,310],{},[30,97292,97293],{},"set.update()",[30,97295,96182],{},[664,97297,97299],{"id":97298},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97301,97302,97303,310],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[30,97304,3181],{},[18,97306,2045],{"id":2044},[316,97308,97309,97313,97318],{},[319,97310,97311],{},[273,97312,96307],{"href":96306},[319,97314,97315],{},[273,97316,97317],{"href":96310},"How to create a set in Python",[319,97319,97320],{},[273,97321,96793,97322,887],{"href":96792},[30,97323,15108],{},[14,97325,97326,97327,97329],{},"Once you understand ",[30,97328,96182],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2097,97331,97332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":97334},[97335,97336,97338,97339,97340,97341,97345,97349,97350,97351,97358],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":96279,"depth":69,"text":97337},"What set.add() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":96522,"depth":69,"text":96523},{"id":96613,"depth":69,"text":97342,"children":97343},"add() vs update()",[97344],{"id":96773,"depth":110,"text":96774},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571,"children":97346},[97347,97348],{"id":96812,"depth":110,"text":96813},{"id":61744,"depth":110,"text":96869},{"id":96945,"depth":69,"text":96946},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":97352},[97353,97355,97356,97357],{"id":97269,"depth":110,"text":97354},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97280,"depth":110,"text":97281},{"id":97287,"depth":110,"text":97288},{"id":97298,"depth":110,"text":97299},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96173,"description":97359},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97366,"title":97367,"body":97368,"description":98537,"extension":2138,"meta":98538,"navigation":149,"path":98539,"seo":98540,"stem":98541,"__hash__":98542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97369,"toc":98504},[97370,97375,97381,97388,97433,97435,97446,97451,97456,97460,97474,97479,97481,97483,97498,97500,97514,97516,97518,97583,97585,97595,97597,97615,97621,97628,97633,97707,97709,97726,97732,97737,97808,97810,97837,97854,97857,97863,97865,97872,97876,97943,97945,97960,97963,98016,98018,98026,98038,98040,98044,98049,98051,98100,98102,98110,98112,98157,98159,98169,98175,98183,98196,98202,98204,98233,98235,98253,98257,98260,98291,98293,98311,98315,98390,98392,98408,98415,98417,98422,98427,98433,98436,98440,98448,98455,98463,98465,98501],[10,97371,96179,97373,2059],{"id":97372},"python-set-clear-method",[30,97374,11473],{},[14,97376,97377,97380],{},[30,97378,97379],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97382,97383,97384,97387],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[205,97385,97386],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[23,97389,97391],{"className":25,"code":97390,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,97392,97393,97413,97423],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97394,97395,97397,97399,97401,97403,97405,97407,97409,97411],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97396,40],{"class":39},[33,97398,44],{"class":43},[33,97400,10644],{"class":47},[33,97402,52],{"class":51},[33,97404,55],{"class":47},[33,97406,58],{"class":51},[33,97408,55],{"class":47},[33,97410,63],{"class":51},[33,97412,9462],{"class":47},[33,97414,97415,97417,97419,97421],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97416,163],{"class":39},[33,97418,310],{"class":47},[33,97420,11534],{"class":162},[33,97422,1671],{"class":47},[33,97424,97425,97427,97429,97431],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97426,157],{"class":156},[33,97428,133],{"class":47},[33,97430,163],{"class":162},[33,97432,143],{"class":47},[14,97434,207],{},[23,97436,97438],{"className":25,"code":97437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set()\n",[30,97439,97440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97441,97442,97444],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97443,6446],{"class":129},[33,97445,1671],{"class":47},[14,97447,97448,97450],{},[30,97449,11473],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[18,97452,3848,97454,3851],{"id":97453},"what-setclear-does",[30,97455,97379],{},[14,97457,2155,97458,11564],{},[30,97459,11473],{},[316,97461,97462,97465,97467,97471],{},[319,97463,97464],{},"Removes every item from a set",[319,97466,96294],{},[319,97468,11575,97469],{},[30,97470,3950],{},[319,97472,97473],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97475,96303,97476,71581],{},[273,97477,96307],{"href":97478},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[18,97480,2334],{"id":2333},[14,97482,54594],{},[23,97484,97486],{"className":25,"code":97485,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.clear()\n",[30,97487,97488],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97489,97490,97492,97494,97496],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97491,15818],{"class":39},[33,97493,310],{"class":47},[33,97495,11534],{"class":162},[33,97497,1671],{"class":47},[14,97499,13205],{},[316,97501,97502,97505,97508,97511],{},[319,97503,97504],{},"It takes no arguments",[319,97506,97507],{},"It empties the set",[319,97509,97510],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[319,97512,97513],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[18,97515,11627],{"id":11626},[14,97517,11630],{},[23,97519,97521],{"className":25,"code":97520,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,97522,97523,97555,97559,97569,97573],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97524,97525,97527,97529,97531,97533,97535,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97526,13229],{"class":39},[33,97528,44],{"class":43},[33,97530,10644],{"class":47},[33,97532,80],{"class":79},[33,97534,13246],{"class":83},[33,97536,80],{"class":79},[33,97538,55],{"class":47},[33,97540,91],{"class":79},[33,97542,17608],{"class":83},[33,97544,80],{"class":79},[33,97546,55],{"class":47},[33,97548,91],{"class":79},[33,97550,13263],{"class":83},[33,97552,80],{"class":79},[33,97554,9462],{"class":47},[33,97556,97557],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97558,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97560,97561,97563,97565,97567],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97562,17655],{"class":39},[33,97564,310],{"class":47},[33,97566,11534],{"class":162},[33,97568,1671],{"class":47},[33,97570,97571],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,97572,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97574,97575,97577,97579,97581],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97576,157],{"class":156},[33,97578,133],{"class":47},[33,97580,17655],{"class":162},[33,97582,143],{"class":47},[14,97584,207],{},[23,97586,97587],{"className":25,"code":97437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,97588,97589],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97590,97591,97593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97592,6446],{"class":129},[33,97594,1671],{"class":47},[14,97596,11836],{},[316,97598,97599,97604,97609],{},[319,97600,97601,97603],{},[30,97602,17655],{}," starts with three values",[319,97605,97606,11849],{},[30,97607,97608],{},"colors.clear()",[319,97610,97611,97612,97614],{},"Printing the set shows ",[30,97613,3968],{},", which means an empty set",[18,97616,97618,97620],{"id":97617},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[30,97619,11473],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97622,97623,2030,97625,97627],{},[30,97624,11473],{},[30,97626,3968],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[664,97629,1357,97631],{"id":97630},"using-clear",[30,97632,11473],{},[23,97634,97636],{"className":25,"code":97635,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[30,97637,97638,97658,97668,97672,97682,97686,97696],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97639,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97641,377],{"class":39},[33,97643,44],{"class":43},[33,97645,10644],{"class":47},[33,97647,52],{"class":51},[33,97649,55],{"class":47},[33,97651,58],{"class":51},[33,97653,55],{"class":47},[33,97655,63],{"class":51},[33,97657,9462],{"class":47},[33,97659,97660,97663,97665],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97661,97662],{"class":39},"other_name ",[33,97664,44],{"class":43},[33,97666,97667],{"class":39}," items\n",[33,97669,97670],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97671,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97673,97674,97676,97678,97680],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,97675,414],{"class":39},[33,97677,310],{"class":47},[33,97679,11534],{"class":162},[33,97681,1671],{"class":47},[33,97683,97684],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97685,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97687,97688,97690,97692,97694],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,97689,157],{"class":156},[33,97691,133],{"class":47},[33,97693,414],{"class":162},[33,97695,143],{"class":47},[33,97697,97698,97700,97702,97705],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,97699,157],{"class":156},[33,97701,133],{"class":47},[33,97703,97704],{"class":162},"other_name",[33,97706,143],{"class":47},[14,97708,207],{},[23,97710,97712],{"className":25,"code":97711,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set()\nset()\n",[30,97713,97714,97720],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97715,97716,97718],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97717,6446],{"class":129},[33,97719,1671],{"class":47},[33,97721,97722,97724],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97723,6446],{"class":129},[33,97725,1671],{"class":47},[14,97727,97728,97729,310],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[205,97730,97731],{},"same set object",[664,97733,1357,97735],{"id":97734},"using-set",[30,97736,3968],{},[23,97738,97740],{"className":25,"code":97739,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[30,97741,97742,97762,97770,97774,97784,97788,97798],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97743,97744,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756,97758,97760],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97745,377],{"class":39},[33,97747,44],{"class":43},[33,97749,10644],{"class":47},[33,97751,52],{"class":51},[33,97753,55],{"class":47},[33,97755,58],{"class":51},[33,97757,55],{"class":47},[33,97759,63],{"class":51},[33,97761,9462],{"class":47},[33,97763,97764,97766,97768],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97765,97662],{"class":39},[33,97767,44],{"class":43},[33,97769,97667],{"class":39},[33,97771,97772],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97773,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97775,97776,97778,97780,97782],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,97777,377],{"class":39},[33,97779,44],{"class":43},[33,97781,15785],{"class":129},[33,97783,1671],{"class":47},[33,97785,97786],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97787,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97789,97790,97792,97794,97796],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,97791,157],{"class":156},[33,97793,133],{"class":47},[33,97795,414],{"class":162},[33,97797,143],{"class":47},[33,97799,97800,97802,97804,97806],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,97801,157],{"class":156},[33,97803,133],{"class":47},[33,97805,97704],{"class":162},[33,97807,143],{"class":47},[14,97809,207],{},[23,97811,97813],{"className":25,"code":97812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[30,97814,97815,97821],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97816,97817,97819],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97818,6446],{"class":129},[33,97820,1671],{"class":47},[33,97822,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97824,9432],{"class":47},[33,97826,52],{"class":51},[33,97828,55],{"class":47},[33,97830,58],{"class":51},[33,97832,55],{"class":47},[33,97834,63],{"class":51},[33,97836,9462],{"class":47},[14,97838,20924,97839,93071,97842,97845,97846,310,97848,97850,97851,97853],{},[30,97840,97841],{},"items = set()",[205,97843,97844],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[30,97847,414],{},[9999,97849],{},"\nBut ",[30,97852,97704],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97855,97856],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97858,97859,97860,310],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[273,97861,96311],{"href":97862},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[18,97864,17571],{"id":17570},[14,97866,97867,14207,97869,97871],{},[30,97868,11473],{},[205,97870,4796],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97873,5312,97874,310],{},[30,97875,3950],{},[23,97877,97879],{"className":25,"code":97878,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,97880,97881,97901,97905,97919,97923,97933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97882,97883,97885,97887,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97884,40],{"class":39},[33,97886,44],{"class":43},[33,97888,10644],{"class":47},[33,97890,52],{"class":51},[33,97892,55],{"class":47},[33,97894,58],{"class":51},[33,97896,55],{"class":47},[33,97898,63],{"class":51},[33,97900,9462],{"class":47},[33,97902,97903],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97904,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,97908,1506],{"class":39},[33,97910,44],{"class":43},[33,97912,4430],{"class":39},[33,97914,310],{"class":47},[33,97916,11534],{"class":162},[33,97918,1671],{"class":47},[33,97920,97921],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,97922,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,97924,97925,97927,97929,97931],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,97926,157],{"class":156},[33,97928,133],{"class":47},[33,97930,1530],{"class":162},[33,97932,143],{"class":47},[33,97934,97935,97937,97939,97941],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,97936,157],{"class":156},[33,97938,133],{"class":47},[33,97940,163],{"class":162},[33,97942,143],{"class":47},[14,97944,207],{},[23,97946,97948],{"className":25,"code":97947,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"None\nset()\n",[30,97949,97950,97954],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97951,97952],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97953,11961],{"class":398},[33,97955,97956,97958],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97957,6446],{"class":129},[33,97959,1671],{"class":47},[14,97961,97962],{},"Do not do this:",[23,97964,97966],{"className":25,"code":97965,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,97967,97968,97988,98002,98006],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,97969,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,97971,40],{"class":39},[33,97973,44],{"class":43},[33,97975,10644],{"class":47},[33,97977,52],{"class":51},[33,97979,55],{"class":47},[33,97981,58],{"class":51},[33,97983,55],{"class":47},[33,97985,63],{"class":51},[33,97987,9462],{"class":47},[33,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,97991,40],{"class":39},[33,97993,44],{"class":43},[33,97995,4430],{"class":39},[33,97997,310],{"class":47},[33,97999,11534],{"class":162},[33,98001,1671],{"class":47},[33,98003,98004],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98005,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,98007,98008,98010,98012,98014],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,98009,157],{"class":156},[33,98011,133],{"class":47},[33,98013,163],{"class":162},[33,98015,143],{"class":47},[14,98017,207],{},[23,98019,98020],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98021,98022],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98023,98024],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98025,11961],{"class":398},[14,98027,22343,98028,2572,98030,98032,98033,98035,98036,310],{},[30,98029,54707],{},[30,98031,3950],{},", and then you assign that ",[30,98034,3950],{}," back to ",[30,98037,163],{},[18,98039,1288],{"id":1287},[14,98041,10901,98042,310],{},[30,98043,97379],{},[664,98045,12747,98047],{"id":98046},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[30,98048,11473],{},[14,98050,16796],{},[23,98052,98054],{"className":25,"code":98053,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[30,98055,98056,98076,98090],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98057,98058,98060,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98059,15780],{"class":39},[33,98061,44],{"class":43},[33,98063,10644],{"class":47},[33,98065,52],{"class":51},[33,98067,55],{"class":47},[33,98069,58],{"class":51},[33,98071,55],{"class":47},[33,98073,63],{"class":51},[33,98075,9462],{"class":47},[33,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98079,15780],{"class":39},[33,98081,44],{"class":43},[33,98083,96903],{"class":39},[33,98085,310],{"class":47},[33,98087,11534],{"class":162},[33,98089,1671],{"class":47},[33,98091,98092,98094,98096,98098],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98093,157],{"class":156},[33,98095,133],{"class":47},[33,98097,15818],{"class":162},[33,98099,143],{"class":47},[14,98101,207],{},[23,98103,98104],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98105,98106],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98107,98108],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98109,11961],{"class":398},[14,98111,16808],{},[23,98113,98115],{"className":25,"code":98114,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[30,98116,98117,98137,98147],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98118,98119,98121,98123,98125,98127,98129,98131,98133,98135],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98120,15780],{"class":39},[33,98122,44],{"class":43},[33,98124,10644],{"class":47},[33,98126,52],{"class":51},[33,98128,55],{"class":47},[33,98130,58],{"class":51},[33,98132,55],{"class":47},[33,98134,63],{"class":51},[33,98136,9462],{"class":47},[33,98138,98139,98141,98143,98145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98140,15818],{"class":39},[33,98142,310],{"class":47},[33,98144,11534],{"class":162},[33,98146,1671],{"class":47},[33,98148,98149,98151,98153,98155],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98150,157],{"class":156},[33,98152,133],{"class":47},[33,98154,15818],{"class":162},[33,98156,143],{"class":47},[14,98158,207],{},[23,98160,98161],{"className":25,"code":97437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98162,98163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98164,98165,98167],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98166,6446],{"class":129},[33,98168,1671],{"class":47},[664,98170,1487,98172,98174],{"id":98171},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[30,98173,11473],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98176,98177,98179,98180,98182],{},[30,98178,11473],{}," removes ",[205,98181,3887],{}," items from the set.",[14,98184,98185,98186,453,98191,310],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[273,98187,98189],{"href":98188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[30,98190,55674],{},[273,98192,98194],{"href":98193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[30,98195,12916],{},[664,98197,1357,98199,98201],{"id":98198},"using-for-an-empty-set",[30,98200,3963],{}," for an empty set",[14,98203,25844],{},[23,98205,98207],{"className":25,"code":98206,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[30,98208,98209,98218],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98210,98211,98214,98216],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98212,98213],{"class":39},"empty_value ",[33,98215,44],{"class":43},[33,98217,9991],{"class":47},[33,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98231],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98221,157],{"class":156},[33,98223,133],{"class":47},[33,98225,1406],{"class":129},[33,98227,133],{"class":47},[33,98229,98230],{"class":162},"empty_value",[33,98232,733],{"class":47},[14,98234,207],{},[23,98236,98237],{"className":25,"code":8964,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98238,98239],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98240,98241,98243,98245,98247,98249,98251],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98242,1427],{"class":43},[33,98244,1431],{"class":1430},[33,98246,245],{"class":79},[33,98248,8977],{"class":83},[33,98250,236],{"class":79},[33,98252,1441],{"class":43},[14,98254,98255,8944],{},[30,98256,3963],{},[14,98258,98259],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[23,98261,98263],{"className":25,"code":98262,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[30,98264,98265,98276],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98266,98267,98270,98272,98274],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98268,98269],{"class":39},"empty_set ",[33,98271,44],{"class":43},[33,98273,15785],{"class":129},[33,98275,1671],{"class":47},[33,98277,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286,98289],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98279,157],{"class":156},[33,98281,133],{"class":47},[33,98283,1406],{"class":129},[33,98285,133],{"class":47},[33,98287,98288],{"class":162},"empty_set",[33,98290,733],{"class":47},[14,98292,207],{},[23,98294,98295],{"className":25,"code":9008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98296,98297],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98298,98299,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98300,1427],{"class":43},[33,98302,1431],{"class":1430},[33,98304,245],{"class":79},[33,98306,6446],{"class":83},[33,98308,236],{"class":79},[33,98310,1441],{"class":43},[664,98312,98314],{"id":98313},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[23,98316,98318],{"className":25,"code":98317,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[30,98319,98320,98344,98352,98356,98366,98370,98380],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98321,98322,98324,98326,98328,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340,98342],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98323,2729],{"class":39},[33,98325,44],{"class":43},[33,98327,10644],{"class":47},[33,98329,80],{"class":79},[33,98331,2351],{"class":83},[33,98333,80],{"class":79},[33,98335,55],{"class":47},[33,98337,91],{"class":79},[33,98339,11898],{"class":83},[33,98341,80],{"class":79},[33,98343,9462],{"class":47},[33,98345,98346,98348,98350],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98347,2757],{"class":39},[33,98349,44],{"class":43},[33,98351,36329],{"class":39},[33,98353,98354],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98355,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,98357,98358,98360,98362,98364],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,98359,273],{"class":39},[33,98361,310],{"class":47},[33,98363,11534],{"class":162},[33,98365,1671],{"class":47},[33,98367,98368],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,98369,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,98371,98372,98374,98376,98378],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,98373,157],{"class":156},[33,98375,133],{"class":47},[33,98377,273],{"class":162},[33,98379,143],{"class":47},[33,98381,98382,98384,98386,98388],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,98383,157],{"class":156},[33,98385,133],{"class":47},[33,98387,282],{"class":162},[33,98389,143],{"class":47},[14,98391,207],{},[23,98393,98394],{"className":25,"code":97711,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98395,98396,98402],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98397,98398,98400],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98399,6446],{"class":129},[33,98401,1671],{"class":47},[33,98403,98404,98406],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98405,6446],{"class":129},[33,98407,1671],{"class":47},[14,98409,29214,98410,2030,98412,98414],{},[30,98411,273],{},[30,98413,282],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[18,98416,1961],{"id":1960},[664,98418,2007,98420,5309],{"id":98419},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[30,98421,97379],{},[14,98423,5312,98424,98426],{},[30,98425,3950],{},". It empties the set in place.",[664,98428,12857,98430,98432],{"id":98429},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[30,98431,11473],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98434,98435],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[664,98437,98439],{"id":98438},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98441,98442,98443,98445,98446,310],{},"You already have one after ",[30,98444,11473],{},". Printing it shows ",[30,98447,3968],{},[664,98449,2027,98451,2030,98453,2033],{"id":98450},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[30,98452,11473],{},[30,98454,3968],{},[14,98456,98457,98459,98460,98462],{},[30,98458,11473],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[30,98461,3968],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[18,98464,2045],{"id":2044},[316,98466,98467,98471,98475,98482,98488,98494],{},[319,98468,98469],{},[273,98470,96307],{"href":97478},[319,98472,98473],{},[273,98474,97317],{"href":97862},[319,98476,98477],{},[273,98478,96793,98480,887],{"href":98479},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[30,98481,96182],{},[319,98483,98484],{},[273,98485,96793,98486,887],{"href":98188},[30,98487,55674],{},[319,98489,98490],{},[273,98491,96793,98492,887],{"href":98193},[30,98493,12916],{},[319,98495,98496],{},[273,98497,96793,98499,887],{"href":98498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[30,98500,15108],{},[2097,98502,98503],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":98505},[98506,98508,98509,98510,98517,98518,98527,98536],{"id":97453,"depth":69,"text":98507},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":97617,"depth":69,"text":98511,"children":98512},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98513,98515],{"id":97630,"depth":110,"text":98514},"Using clear()",{"id":97734,"depth":110,"text":98516},"Using set()",{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":98519},[98520,98522,98524,98526],{"id":98046,"depth":110,"text":98521},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98171,"depth":110,"text":98523},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98198,"depth":110,"text":98525},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98313,"depth":110,"text":98314},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":98528},[98529,98531,98533,98534],{"id":98419,"depth":110,"text":98530},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98429,"depth":110,"text":98532},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98438,"depth":110,"text":98439},{"id":98450,"depth":110,"text":98535},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97367,"description":98537},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98544,"title":98545,"body":98546,"description":100378,"extension":2138,"meta":100379,"navigation":149,"path":96310,"seo":100380,"stem":100381,"__hash__":100382},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98547,"toc":100335},[98548,98551,98554,98557,98559,98662,98666,98713,98719,98721,98740,98744,98747,98749,98763,98772,98776,98779,98814,98818,98838,98841,98845,98848,98909,98913,98938,98945,98951,98956,98958,98970,98974,99023,99027,99051,99058,99062,99103,99107,99128,99132,99165,99169,99210,99213,99217,99222,99261,99265,99290,99295,99301,99338,99342,99365,99369,99371,99374,99377,99454,99458,99495,99498,99502,99508,99511,99521,99570,99576,99582,99609,99612,99634,99636,99667,99670,99674,99678,99717,99721,99784,99787,99820,99824,99849,99851,99854,99860,99863,99890,99893,99911,99915,99919,99922,99965,99968,99972,99975,99978,100008,100011,100015,100018,100033,100038,100042,100045,100134,100136,100139,100229,100232,100250,100252,100256,100266,100270,100278,100282,100285,100289,100292,100296,100299,100301,100329,100332],[10,98549,98545],{"id":98550},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98552,98553],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98555,98556],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[18,98558,21],{"id":20},[23,98560,98562],{"className":25,"code":98561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[30,98563,98564,98584,98618,98628,98632,98642,98652],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98565,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98567,40],{"class":39},[33,98569,44],{"class":43},[33,98571,10644],{"class":47},[33,98573,52],{"class":51},[33,98575,55],{"class":47},[33,98577,58],{"class":51},[33,98579,55],{"class":47},[33,98581,63],{"class":51},[33,98583,9462],{"class":47},[33,98585,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98587,1655],{"class":39},[33,98589,44],{"class":43},[33,98591,15785],{"class":129},[33,98593,3162],{"class":47},[33,98595,80],{"class":79},[33,98597,386],{"class":83},[33,98599,80],{"class":79},[33,98601,55],{"class":47},[33,98603,91],{"class":79},[33,98605,4255],{"class":83},[33,98607,80],{"class":79},[33,98609,55],{"class":47},[33,98611,91],{"class":79},[33,98613,386],{"class":83},[33,98615,80],{"class":79},[33,98617,4059],{"class":47},[33,98619,98620,98622,98624,98626],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98621,98269],{"class":39},[33,98623,44],{"class":43},[33,98625,15785],{"class":129},[33,98627,1671],{"class":47},[33,98629,98630],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,98631,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,98633,98634,98636,98638,98640],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,98635,157],{"class":156},[33,98637,133],{"class":47},[33,98639,163],{"class":162},[33,98641,143],{"class":47},[33,98643,98644,98646,98648,98650],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,98645,157],{"class":156},[33,98647,133],{"class":47},[33,98649,1680],{"class":162},[33,98651,143],{"class":47},[33,98653,98654,98656,98658,98660],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,98655,157],{"class":156},[33,98657,133],{"class":47},[33,98659,98288],{"class":162},[33,98661,143],{"class":47},[14,98663,98664],{},[205,98665,207],{},[23,98667,98669],{"className":25,"code":98668,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[30,98670,98671,98687,98707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98672,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98674,9432],{"class":47},[33,98676,52],{"class":51},[33,98678,55],{"class":47},[33,98680,58],{"class":51},[33,98682,55],{"class":47},[33,98684,63],{"class":51},[33,98686,9462],{"class":47},[33,98688,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98690,9432],{"class":47},[33,98692,236],{"class":79},[33,98694,4255],{"class":83},[33,98696,236],{"class":79},[33,98698,55],{"class":47},[33,98700,245],{"class":79},[33,98702,386],{"class":83},[33,98704,236],{"class":79},[33,98706,9462],{"class":47},[33,98708,98709,98711],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98710,6446],{"class":129},[33,98712,1671],{"class":47},[14,98714,98715,98716,98718],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[30,98717,3968],{}," for an empty set.",[18,98720,314],{"id":313},[316,98722,98723,98726,98731,98734,98737],{},[319,98724,98725],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[319,98727,98728,98729],{},"How to create a set with ",[30,98730,3968],{},[319,98732,98733],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[319,98735,98736],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[319,98738,98739],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[18,98741,98743],{"id":98742},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98745,98746],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98748,30694],{},[316,98750,98751,98754,98757,98760],{},[319,98752,98753],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[319,98755,98756],{},"Sets are unordered",[319,98758,98759],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[319,98761,98762],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98764,98765,98766,453,98768,310],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[273,98767,96307],{"href":97478},[273,98769,98771],{"href":98770},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[18,98773,98775],{"id":98774},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98777,98778],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[23,98780,98782],{"className":25,"code":98781,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,98783,98784,98804],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98785,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98787,40],{"class":39},[33,98789,44],{"class":43},[33,98791,10644],{"class":47},[33,98793,52],{"class":51},[33,98795,55],{"class":47},[33,98797,58],{"class":51},[33,98799,55],{"class":47},[33,98801,63],{"class":51},[33,98803,9462],{"class":47},[33,98805,98806,98808,98810,98812],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98807,157],{"class":156},[33,98809,133],{"class":47},[33,98811,163],{"class":162},[33,98813,143],{"class":47},[14,98815,98816],{},[205,98817,30183],{},[23,98819,98820],{"className":25,"code":96586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,98821,98822],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98823,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98825,9432],{"class":47},[33,98827,52],{"class":51},[33,98829,55],{"class":47},[33,98831,58],{"class":51},[33,98833,55],{"class":47},[33,98835,63],{"class":51},[33,98837,9462],{"class":47},[14,98839,98840],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[664,98842,98844],{"id":98843},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98846,98847],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[23,98849,98851],{"className":25,"code":98850,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[30,98852,98853,98885,98895],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98854,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881,98883],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98856,40],{"class":39},[33,98858,44],{"class":43},[33,98860,10644],{"class":47},[33,98862,52],{"class":51},[33,98864,55],{"class":47},[33,98866,58],{"class":51},[33,98868,55],{"class":47},[33,98870,58],{"class":51},[33,98872,55],{"class":47},[33,98874,63],{"class":51},[33,98876,55],{"class":47},[33,98878,63],{"class":51},[33,98880,55],{"class":47},[33,98882,63],{"class":51},[33,98884,9462],{"class":47},[33,98886,98887,98889,98891,98893],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98888,157],{"class":156},[33,98890,133],{"class":47},[33,98892,163],{"class":162},[33,98894,143],{"class":47},[33,98896,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,98898,157],{"class":156},[33,98900,133],{"class":47},[33,98902,726],{"class":156},[33,98904,133],{"class":47},[33,98906,163],{"class":162},[33,98908,733],{"class":47},[14,98910,98911],{},[205,98912,30183],{},[23,98914,98916],{"className":25,"code":98915,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[30,98917,98918,98934],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98919,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98921,9432],{"class":47},[33,98923,52],{"class":51},[33,98925,55],{"class":47},[33,98927,58],{"class":51},[33,98929,55],{"class":47},[33,98931,63],{"class":51},[33,98933,9462],{"class":47},[33,98935,98936],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,98937,46771],{"class":51},[14,98939,21131,98940,2030,98942,98944],{},[30,98941,2234],{},[30,98943,2240],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[18,98946,98948,98949],{"id":98947},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[30,98950,3968],{},[14,98952,672,98953,98955],{},[30,98954,3968],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98957,901],{},[316,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966],{},[319,98961,97066],{},[319,98963,96362],{},[319,98965,56609],{},[319,98967,98968],{},[30,98969,309],{},[664,98971,98973],{"id":98972},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[23,98975,98977],{"className":25,"code":98976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,98978,98979,99013],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,98980,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,98982,40],{"class":39},[33,98984,44],{"class":43},[33,98986,15785],{"class":129},[33,98988,3162],{"class":47},[33,98990,52],{"class":51},[33,98992,55],{"class":47},[33,98994,58],{"class":51},[33,98996,55],{"class":47},[33,98998,58],{"class":51},[33,99000,55],{"class":47},[33,99002,63],{"class":51},[33,99004,55],{"class":47},[33,99006,63],{"class":51},[33,99008,55],{"class":47},[33,99010,1132],{"class":51},[33,99012,4059],{"class":47},[33,99014,99015,99017,99019,99021],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99016,157],{"class":156},[33,99018,133],{"class":47},[33,99020,163],{"class":162},[33,99022,143],{"class":47},[14,99024,99025],{},[205,99026,30183],{},[23,99028,99029],{"className":25,"code":96249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,99030,99031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99034,9432],{"class":47},[33,99036,52],{"class":51},[33,99038,55],{"class":47},[33,99040,58],{"class":51},[33,99042,55],{"class":47},[33,99044,63],{"class":51},[33,99046,55],{"class":47},[33,99048,1132],{"class":51},[33,99050,9462],{"class":47},[14,99052,99053,99054,310],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[273,99055,99057],{"href":99056},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[664,99059,99061],{"id":99060},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[23,99063,99065],{"className":25,"code":99064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[30,99066,99067,99093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99068,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99070,1071],{"class":39},[33,99072,44],{"class":43},[33,99074,15785],{"class":129},[33,99076,1010],{"class":47},[33,99078,538],{"class":51},[33,99080,55],{"class":47},[33,99082,7949],{"class":51},[33,99084,55],{"class":47},[33,99086,7949],{"class":51},[33,99088,55],{"class":47},[33,99090,7954],{"class":51},[33,99092,733],{"class":47},[33,99094,99095,99097,99099,99101],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99096,157],{"class":156},[33,99098,133],{"class":47},[33,99100,1096],{"class":162},[33,99102,143],{"class":47},[14,99104,99105],{},[205,99106,30183],{},[23,99108,99110],{"className":25,"code":99109,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[30,99111,99112],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99113,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99115,9432],{"class":47},[33,99117,538],{"class":51},[33,99119,55],{"class":47},[33,99121,7949],{"class":51},[33,99123,55],{"class":47},[33,99125,7954],{"class":51},[33,99127,9462],{"class":47},[664,99129,99131],{"id":99130},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[23,99133,99135],{"className":25,"code":99134,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,99136,99137,99155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99138,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99140,124],{"class":39},[33,99142,44],{"class":43},[33,99144,15785],{"class":129},[33,99146,133],{"class":47},[33,99148,80],{"class":79},[33,99150,545],{"class":83},[33,99152,80],{"class":79},[33,99154,143],{"class":47},[33,99156,99157,99159,99161,99163],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99158,157],{"class":156},[33,99160,133],{"class":47},[33,99162,199],{"class":162},[33,99164,143],{"class":47},[14,99166,99167],{},[205,99168,30183],{},[23,99170,99172],{"className":25,"code":99171,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[30,99173,99174],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99177,9432],{"class":47},[33,99179,236],{"class":79},[33,99181,1550],{"class":83},[33,99183,236],{"class":79},[33,99185,55],{"class":47},[33,99187,245],{"class":79},[33,99189,1559],{"class":83},[33,99191,236],{"class":79},[33,99193,55],{"class":47},[33,99195,245],{"class":79},[33,99197,1568],{"class":83},[33,99199,236],{"class":79},[33,99201,55],{"class":47},[33,99203,245],{"class":79},[33,99205,1585],{"class":83},[33,99207,236],{"class":79},[33,99209,9462],{"class":47},[14,99211,99212],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[18,99214,99216],{"id":99215},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99218,99219,99220,310],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[30,99221,3968],{},[23,99223,99225],{"className":25,"code":99224,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[30,99226,99227,99237,99247],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99228,99229,99231,99233,99235],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99230,98269],{"class":39},[33,99232,44],{"class":43},[33,99234,15785],{"class":129},[33,99236,1671],{"class":47},[33,99238,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99240,157],{"class":156},[33,99242,133],{"class":47},[33,99244,98288],{"class":162},[33,99246,143],{"class":47},[33,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,99250,157],{"class":156},[33,99252,133],{"class":47},[33,99254,1406],{"class":129},[33,99256,133],{"class":47},[33,99258,98288],{"class":162},[33,99260,733],{"class":47},[14,99262,99263],{},[205,99264,207],{},[23,99266,99268],{"className":25,"code":99267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[30,99269,99270,99276],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99271,99272,99274],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99273,6446],{"class":129},[33,99275,1671],{"class":47},[33,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99279,1427],{"class":43},[33,99281,1431],{"class":1430},[33,99283,245],{"class":79},[33,99285,6446],{"class":83},[33,99287,236],{"class":79},[33,99289,1441],{"class":43},[664,99291,44582,99293],{"id":99292},"do-not-use",[30,99294,3963],{},[14,99296,99297,99298,99300],{},"Empty braces do ",[205,99299,4796],{}," create a set.",[23,99302,99304],{"className":25,"code":99303,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[30,99305,99306,99314,99324],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99307,99308,99310,99312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99309,98213],{"class":39},[33,99311,44],{"class":43},[33,99313,9991],{"class":47},[33,99315,99316,99318,99320,99322],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99317,157],{"class":156},[33,99319,133],{"class":47},[33,99321,98230],{"class":162},[33,99323,143],{"class":47},[33,99325,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,99327,157],{"class":156},[33,99329,133],{"class":47},[33,99331,1406],{"class":129},[33,99333,133],{"class":47},[33,99335,98230],{"class":162},[33,99337,733],{"class":47},[14,99339,99340],{},[205,99341,207],{},[23,99343,99345],{"className":25,"code":99344,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[30,99346,99347,99351],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99348,99349],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99350,9588],{"class":47},[33,99352,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99354,1427],{"class":43},[33,99356,1431],{"class":1430},[33,99358,245],{"class":79},[33,99360,8977],{"class":83},[33,99362,236],{"class":79},[33,99364,1441],{"class":43},[14,99366,99367,8944],{},[30,99368,3963],{},[18,99370,72245],{"id":72244},[14,99372,99373],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99375,99376],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[23,99378,99380],{"className":25,"code":99379,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[30,99381,99382,99430,99440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99383,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99385,1655],{"class":39},[33,99387,44],{"class":43},[33,99389,10644],{"class":47},[33,99391,80],{"class":79},[33,99393,386],{"class":83},[33,99395,80],{"class":79},[33,99397,55],{"class":47},[33,99399,91],{"class":79},[33,99401,4255],{"class":83},[33,99403,80],{"class":79},[33,99405,55],{"class":47},[33,99407,91],{"class":79},[33,99409,386],{"class":83},[33,99411,80],{"class":79},[33,99413,55],{"class":47},[33,99415,91],{"class":79},[33,99417,386],{"class":83},[33,99419,80],{"class":79},[33,99421,55],{"class":47},[33,99423,91],{"class":79},[33,99425,33376],{"class":83},[33,99427,80],{"class":79},[33,99429,9462],{"class":47},[33,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99433,157],{"class":156},[33,99435,133],{"class":47},[33,99437,1680],{"class":162},[33,99439,143],{"class":47},[33,99441,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,99443,157],{"class":156},[33,99445,133],{"class":47},[33,99447,726],{"class":156},[33,99449,133],{"class":47},[33,99451,1680],{"class":162},[33,99453,733],{"class":47},[14,99455,99456],{},[205,99457,30183],{},[23,99459,99461],{"className":25,"code":99460,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[30,99462,99463,99491],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99464,99465,99467,99469,99471,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99466,9432],{"class":47},[33,99468,236],{"class":79},[33,99470,4255],{"class":83},[33,99472,236],{"class":79},[33,99474,55],{"class":47},[33,99476,245],{"class":79},[33,99478,33376],{"class":83},[33,99480,236],{"class":79},[33,99482,55],{"class":47},[33,99484,245],{"class":79},[33,99486,386],{"class":83},[33,99488,236],{"class":79},[33,99490,9462],{"class":47},[33,99492,99493],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99494,46771],{"class":51},[14,99496,99497],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[18,99499,99501],{"id":99500},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99503,99504,99505,99507],{},"Set items must be ",[205,99506,96350],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99509,99510],{},"These usually work:",[316,99512,99513,99515,99517,99519],{},[319,99514,56606],{},[319,99516,56609],{},[319,99518,96362],{},[319,99520,40748],{},[23,99522,99524],{"className":25,"code":99523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[30,99525,99526,99560],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99527,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99529,1071],{"class":39},[33,99531,44],{"class":43},[33,99533,10644],{"class":47},[33,99535,52],{"class":51},[33,99537,55],{"class":47},[33,99539,91],{"class":79},[33,99541,386],{"class":83},[33,99543,80],{"class":79},[33,99545,55],{"class":47},[33,99547,1381],{"class":47},[33,99549,538],{"class":51},[33,99551,55],{"class":47},[33,99553,7949],{"class":51},[33,99555,9388],{"class":47},[33,99557,399],{"class":398},[33,99559,9462],{"class":47},[33,99561,99562,99564,99566,99568],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99563,157],{"class":156},[33,99565,133],{"class":47},[33,99567,1096],{"class":162},[33,99569,143],{"class":47},[14,99571,99572,99573,99575],{},"These do ",[205,99574,4796],{}," work directly:",[316,99577,99578,99580],{},[319,99579,97066],{},[319,99581,97069],{},[23,99583,99585],{"className":25,"code":99584,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[30,99586,99587],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99588,99589,99592,99594,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99590,99591],{"class":39},"bad_set ",[33,99593,44],{"class":43},[33,99595,99596],{"class":47}," {[",[33,99598,52],{"class":51},[33,99600,55],{"class":47},[33,99602,58],{"class":51},[33,99604,55],{"class":47},[33,99606,63],{"class":51},[33,99608,13859],{"class":47},[14,99610,99611],{},"This raises an error:",[23,99613,99614],{"className":25,"code":97125,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,99615,99616],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99617,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99619,3181],{"class":129},[33,99621,3061],{"class":47},[33,99623,97136],{"class":39},[33,99625,1406],{"class":129},[33,99627,3061],{"class":47},[33,99629,245],{"class":79},[33,99631,1879],{"class":83},[33,99633,29853],{"class":79},[14,99635,52232],{},[23,99637,99639],{"className":25,"code":99638,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[30,99640,99641],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99642,99643,99645,99647,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99644,99591],{"class":39},[33,99646,44],{"class":43},[33,99648,99649],{"class":47}," {{",[33,99651,80],{"class":79},[33,99653,7827],{"class":83},[33,99655,80],{"class":79},[33,99657,3061],{"class":47},[33,99659,91],{"class":79},[33,99661,7836],{"class":83},[33,99663,80],{"class":79},[33,99665,99666],{"class":47},"}}\n",[14,99668,99669],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[18,99671,99673],{"id":99672},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[664,99675,99677],{"id":99676},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[23,99679,99681],{"className":25,"code":99680,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,99682,99683,99707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99684,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99686,40],{"class":39},[33,99688,44],{"class":43},[33,99690,10644],{"class":47},[33,99692,52],{"class":51},[33,99694,55],{"class":47},[33,99696,58],{"class":51},[33,99698,55],{"class":47},[33,99700,63],{"class":51},[33,99702,55],{"class":47},[33,99704,1132],{"class":51},[33,99706,9462],{"class":47},[33,99708,99709,99711,99713,99715],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99710,157],{"class":156},[33,99712,133],{"class":47},[33,99714,163],{"class":162},[33,99716,143],{"class":47},[664,99718,99720],{"id":99719},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[23,99722,99724],{"className":25,"code":99723,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[30,99725,99726,99754,99769,99773],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99727,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99729,377],{"class":39},[33,99731,44],{"class":43},[33,99733,48],{"class":47},[33,99735,52],{"class":51},[33,99737,55],{"class":47},[33,99739,1119],{"class":51},[33,99741,55],{"class":47},[33,99743,58],{"class":51},[33,99745,55],{"class":47},[33,99747,63],{"class":51},[33,99749,55],{"class":47},[33,99751,63],{"class":51},[33,99753,66],{"class":47},[33,99755,99756,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99757,99758],{"class":39},"unique_items ",[33,99760,44],{"class":43},[33,99762,15785],{"class":129},[33,99764,133],{"class":47},[33,99766,414],{"class":162},[33,99768,143],{"class":47},[33,99770,99771],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,99772,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,99774,99775,99777,99779,99782],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,99776,157],{"class":156},[33,99778,133],{"class":47},[33,99780,99781],{"class":162},"unique_items",[33,99783,143],{"class":47},[664,99785,99131],{"id":99786},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[23,99788,99790],{"className":25,"code":99789,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,99791,99792,99810],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99793,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806,99808],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99795,124],{"class":39},[33,99797,44],{"class":43},[33,99799,15785],{"class":129},[33,99801,133],{"class":47},[33,99803,80],{"class":79},[33,99805,4255],{"class":83},[33,99807,80],{"class":79},[33,99809,143],{"class":47},[33,99811,99812,99814,99816,99818],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99813,157],{"class":156},[33,99815,133],{"class":47},[33,99817,199],{"class":162},[33,99819,143],{"class":47},[664,99821,99823],{"id":99822},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[23,99825,99827],{"className":25,"code":99826,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[30,99828,99829,99839],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99830,99831,99833,99835,99837],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99832,98269],{"class":39},[33,99834,44],{"class":43},[33,99836,15785],{"class":129},[33,99838,1671],{"class":47},[33,99840,99841,99843,99845,99847],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99842,157],{"class":156},[33,99844,133],{"class":47},[33,99846,98288],{"class":162},[33,99848,143],{"class":47},[18,99850,3006],{"id":3005},[14,99852,99853],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[664,99855,1357,99857,99859],{"id":99856},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[30,99858,3963],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99861,99862],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[23,99864,99866],{"className":25,"code":99865,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,99867,99868,99876],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99869,99870,99872,99874],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99871,2622],{"class":39},[33,99873,44],{"class":43},[33,99875,9991],{"class":47},[33,99877,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99879,157],{"class":156},[33,99881,133],{"class":47},[33,99883,1406],{"class":129},[33,99885,133],{"class":47},[33,99887,2647],{"class":162},[33,99889,733],{"class":47},[14,99891,99892],{},"This prints:",[23,99894,99895],{"className":25,"code":8964,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,99896,99897],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99898,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99900,1427],{"class":43},[33,99902,1431],{"class":1430},[33,99904,245],{"class":79},[33,99906,8977],{"class":83},[33,99908,236],{"class":79},[33,99910,1441],{"class":43},[14,99912,672,99913,6789],{},[30,99914,3968],{},[664,99916,99918],{"id":99917},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99920,99921],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[23,99923,99925],{"className":25,"code":99924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,99926,99927,99955],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99928,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941,99943,99945,99947,99949,99951,99953],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99930,40],{"class":39},[33,99932,44],{"class":43},[33,99934,10644],{"class":47},[33,99936,52],{"class":51},[33,99938,55],{"class":47},[33,99940,1119],{"class":51},[33,99942,55],{"class":47},[33,99944,58],{"class":51},[33,99946,55],{"class":47},[33,99948,58],{"class":51},[33,99950,55],{"class":47},[33,99952,63],{"class":51},[33,99954,9462],{"class":47},[33,99956,99957,99959,99961,99963],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,99958,157],{"class":156},[33,99960,133],{"class":47},[33,99962,163],{"class":162},[33,99964,143],{"class":47},[14,99966,99967],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[664,99969,99971],{"id":99970},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99973,99974],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99976,99977],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[23,99979,99981],{"className":25,"code":99980,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[30,99982,99983,100003],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,99984,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,99986,40],{"class":39},[33,99988,44],{"class":43},[33,99990,10644],{"class":47},[33,99992,538],{"class":51},[33,99994,55],{"class":47},[33,99996,7949],{"class":51},[33,99998,55],{"class":47},[33,100000,7954],{"class":51},[33,100002,9462],{"class":47},[33,100004,100005],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100006,100007],{"class":1308},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100009,100010],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[664,100012,100014],{"id":100013},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100016,100017],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[23,100019,100021],{"className":25,"code":100020,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[30,100022,100023,100028],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100024,100025],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100026,100027],{"class":1308},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[33,100029,100030],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100031,100032],{"class":1308},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100034,100035,100036,310],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[30,100037,3181],{},[664,100039,100041],{"id":100040},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100043,100044],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[23,100046,100048],{"className":25,"code":100047,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[30,100049,100050,100070,100102,100106,100120],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100051,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100053,15780],{"class":39},[33,100055,44],{"class":43},[33,100057,10644],{"class":47},[33,100059,52],{"class":51},[33,100061,55],{"class":47},[33,100063,58],{"class":51},[33,100065,55],{"class":47},[33,100067,63],{"class":51},[33,100069,9462],{"class":47},[33,100071,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100073,11877],{"class":39},[33,100075,44],{"class":43},[33,100077,10644],{"class":47},[33,100079,80],{"class":79},[33,100081,273],{"class":83},[33,100083,80],{"class":79},[33,100085,3061],{"class":47},[33,100087,1119],{"class":51},[33,100089,55],{"class":47},[33,100091,91],{"class":79},[33,100093,282],{"class":83},[33,100095,80],{"class":79},[33,100097,3061],{"class":47},[33,100099,58],{"class":51},[33,100101,9462],{"class":47},[33,100103,100104],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100105,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100107,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100109,157],{"class":156},[33,100111,133],{"class":47},[33,100113,1406],{"class":129},[33,100115,133],{"class":47},[33,100117,15818],{"class":162},[33,100119,733],{"class":47},[33,100121,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,100123,157],{"class":156},[33,100125,133],{"class":47},[33,100127,1406],{"class":129},[33,100129,133],{"class":47},[33,100131,11601],{"class":162},[33,100133,733],{"class":47},[18,100135,92762],{"id":92761},[14,100137,100138],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[23,100140,100142],{"className":25,"code":100141,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[30,100143,100144,100170,100174,100188,100198,100212,100219],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100145,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100147,15780],{"class":39},[33,100149,44],{"class":43},[33,100151,15785],{"class":129},[33,100153,3162],{"class":47},[33,100155,52],{"class":51},[33,100157,55],{"class":47},[33,100159,58],{"class":51},[33,100161,55],{"class":47},[33,100163,58],{"class":51},[33,100165,55],{"class":47},[33,100167,63],{"class":51},[33,100169,4059],{"class":47},[33,100171,100172],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100173,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100175,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100177,157],{"class":156},[33,100179,133],{"class":47},[33,100181,1406],{"class":129},[33,100183,133],{"class":47},[33,100185,15818],{"class":162},[33,100187,733],{"class":47},[33,100189,100190,100192,100194,100196],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100191,157],{"class":156},[33,100193,133],{"class":47},[33,100195,15818],{"class":162},[33,100197,143],{"class":47},[33,100199,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,100201,157],{"class":156},[33,100203,133],{"class":47},[33,100205,726],{"class":156},[33,100207,133],{"class":47},[33,100209,15818],{"class":162},[33,100211,733],{"class":47},[33,100213,100214,100216],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,100215,157],{"class":156},[33,100217,100218],{"class":47},"({})\n",[33,100220,100221,100223,100225,100227],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,100222,157],{"class":156},[33,100224,133],{"class":47},[33,100226,6446],{"class":129},[33,100228,7353],{"class":47},[14,100230,100231],{},"Use these to confirm:",[316,100233,100234,100237,100240,100243],{},[319,100235,100236],{},"The object type",[319,100238,100239],{},"The actual values stored",[319,100241,100242],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[319,100244,100245,100246,2030,100248],{},"The difference between ",[30,100247,3963],{},[30,100249,3968],{},[18,100251,1961],{"id":1960},[664,100253,100255],{"id":100254},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100257,100258,100259,100262,100263,100265],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[30,100260,100261],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[30,100264,3968],{}," with another iterable.",[664,100267,100269],{"id":100268},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100271,672,100272,100274,100275,100277],{},[30,100273,3968],{},". Empty braces ",[30,100276,3963],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[664,100279,100281],{"id":100280},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100283,100284],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[664,100286,100288],{"id":100287},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100290,100291],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[664,100293,100295],{"id":100294},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100297,100298],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[18,100300,2045],{"id":2044},[316,100302,100303,100307,100313,100319,100324],{},[319,100304,100305],{},[273,100306,96307],{"href":97478},[319,100308,100309],{},[273,100310,2076,100311,887],{"href":98479},[30,100312,96187],{},[319,100314,100315],{},[273,100316,2076,100317,887],{"href":98498},[30,100318,97293],{},[319,100320,100321],{},[273,100322,100323],{"href":99056},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[319,100325,100326],{},[273,100327,100328],{"href":98770},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100330,100331],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2097,100333,100334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":100336},[100337,100338,100339,100340,100343,100349,100353,100354,100355,100361,100369,100370,100377],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":98742,"depth":69,"text":98743},{"id":98774,"depth":69,"text":98775,"children":100341},[100342],{"id":98843,"depth":110,"text":98844},{"id":98947,"depth":69,"text":100344,"children":100345},"Create a set with set()",[100346,100347,100348],{"id":98972,"depth":110,"text":98973},{"id":99060,"depth":110,"text":99061},{"id":99130,"depth":110,"text":99131},{"id":99215,"depth":69,"text":99216,"children":100350},[100351],{"id":99292,"depth":110,"text":100352},"Do not use {}",{"id":72244,"depth":69,"text":72245},{"id":99500,"depth":69,"text":99501},{"id":99672,"depth":69,"text":99673,"children":100356},[100357,100358,100359,100360],{"id":99676,"depth":110,"text":99677},{"id":99719,"depth":110,"text":99720},{"id":99786,"depth":110,"text":99131},{"id":99822,"depth":110,"text":99823},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":100362},[100363,100365,100366,100367,100368],{"id":99856,"depth":110,"text":100364},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99917,"depth":110,"text":99918},{"id":99970,"depth":110,"text":99971},{"id":100013,"depth":110,"text":100014},{"id":100040,"depth":110,"text":100041},{"id":92761,"depth":69,"text":92762},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":100371},[100372,100373,100374,100375,100376],{"id":100254,"depth":110,"text":100255},{"id":100268,"depth":110,"text":100269},{"id":100280,"depth":110,"text":100281},{"id":100287,"depth":110,"text":100288},{"id":100294,"depth":110,"text":100295},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98545,"description":100378},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100384,"title":100385,"body":100386,"description":102817,"extension":2138,"meta":102818,"navigation":149,"path":102819,"seo":102820,"stem":102821,"__hash__":102822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100387,"toc":102782},[100388,100394,100400,100403,100405,100482,100484,100501,100511,100513,100518,100526,100528,100544,100548,100550,100552,100555,100576,100579,100603,100609,100611,100708,100710,100727,100737,100739,100741,100749,100751,100762,100764,100855,100857,100881,100892,100894,100896,100899,101029,101031,101104,101106,101127,101130,101132,101138,101143,101146,101273,101275,101292,101295,101297,101305,101308,101312,101320,101411,101413,101450,101455,101462,101539,101541,101557,101562,101567,101569,101578,101586,101667,101669,101698,101701,101705,101716,101719,101802,101804,101825,101831,101833,101835,101839,101843,101850,101915,101917,101937,101940,102009,102011,102027,102031,102037,102049,102057,102059,102144,102146,102175,102178,102182,102187,102189,102239,102242,102323,102325,102341,102345,102348,102423,102426,102430,102433,102510,102512,102545,102551,102555,102558,102693,102695,102709,102711,102713,102719,102722,102729,102737,102743,102746,102750,102753,102755,102757,102779],[10,100389,96179,100391,2059],{"id":100390},"python-set-difference-method",[30,100392,100393],{},"difference()",[14,100395,100396,100399],{},[30,100397,100398],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100401,100402],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[18,100404,21],{"id":20},[23,100406,100408],{"className":25,"code":100407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[30,100409,100410,100434,100454,100472],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100411,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100413,2729],{"class":39},[33,100415,44],{"class":43},[33,100417,10644],{"class":47},[33,100419,52],{"class":51},[33,100421,55],{"class":47},[33,100423,58],{"class":51},[33,100425,55],{"class":47},[33,100427,63],{"class":51},[33,100429,55],{"class":47},[33,100431,1132],{"class":51},[33,100433,9462],{"class":47},[33,100435,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100437,2757],{"class":39},[33,100439,44],{"class":43},[33,100441,10644],{"class":47},[33,100443,2240],{"class":51},[33,100445,55],{"class":47},[33,100447,1132],{"class":51},[33,100449,55],{"class":47},[33,100451,4770],{"class":51},[33,100453,9462],{"class":47},[33,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100457,1506],{"class":39},[33,100459,44],{"class":43},[33,100461,57031],{"class":39},[33,100463,310],{"class":47},[33,100465,2987],{"class":162},[33,100467,133],{"class":47},[33,100469,282],{"class":162},[33,100471,143],{"class":47},[33,100473,100474,100476,100478,100480],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100475,157],{"class":156},[33,100477,133],{"class":47},[33,100479,1530],{"class":162},[33,100481,143],{"class":47},[14,100483,207],{},[23,100485,100487],{"className":25,"code":100486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2}\n",[30,100488,100489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100490,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100492,9432],{"class":47},[33,100494,52],{"class":51},[33,100496,55],{"class":47},[33,100498,58],{"class":51},[33,100500,9462],{"class":47},[14,100502,100503,100505,100506,100508,100509,310],{},[30,100504,100393],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[30,100507,273],{}," that are not in ",[30,100510,282],{},[45070,100512],{},[18,100514,3848,100516,3851],{"id":100515},"what-difference-does",[30,100517,100393],{},[14,100519,2155,100520,100522,100523,100525],{},[30,100521,100393],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[205,100524,4796],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100527,13205],{},[316,100529,100530,100535,100538,100541],{},[319,100531,100532,100534],{},[30,100533,100393],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[319,100536,100537],{},"It creates a new set",[319,100539,100540],{},"It does not change the original set",[319,100542,100543],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100545,96303,100546,310],{},[273,100547,96307],{"href":97478},[45070,100549],{},[18,100551,2334],{"id":2333},[14,100553,100554],{},"Use this form:",[23,100556,100558],{"className":25,"code":100557,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[30,100559,100560],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100561,100562,100565,100567,100569,100571,100574],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100563,100564],{"class":39},"set1",[33,100566,310],{"class":47},[33,100568,2987],{"class":162},[33,100570,133],{"class":47},[33,100572,100573],{"class":162},"set2",[33,100575,143],{"class":47},[14,100577,100578],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[23,100580,100582],{"className":25,"code":100581,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[30,100583,100584],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100585,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100601],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100587,100564],{"class":39},[33,100589,310],{"class":47},[33,100591,2987],{"class":162},[33,100593,133],{"class":47},[33,100595,100573],{"class":162},[33,100597,55],{"class":47},[33,100599,100600],{"class":162}," set3",[33,100602,143],{"class":47},[14,100604,100605,100606,100608],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[205,100607,5515],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100610,367],{},[23,100612,100614],{"className":25,"code":100613,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[30,100615,100616,100644,100660,100672,100676,100698],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100617,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100619,2729],{"class":39},[33,100621,44],{"class":43},[33,100623,10644],{"class":47},[33,100625,52],{"class":51},[33,100627,55],{"class":47},[33,100629,58],{"class":51},[33,100631,55],{"class":47},[33,100633,63],{"class":51},[33,100635,55],{"class":47},[33,100637,1132],{"class":51},[33,100639,55],{"class":47},[33,100641,4770],{"class":51},[33,100643,9462],{"class":47},[33,100645,100646,100648,100650,100652,100654,100656,100658],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100647,2757],{"class":39},[33,100649,44],{"class":43},[33,100651,10644],{"class":47},[33,100653,2234],{"class":51},[33,100655,55],{"class":47},[33,100657,63],{"class":51},[33,100659,9462],{"class":47},[33,100661,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100663,83162],{"class":39},[33,100665,44],{"class":43},[33,100667,10644],{"class":47},[33,100669,1085],{"class":51},[33,100671,9462],{"class":47},[33,100673,100674],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100675,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,100679,1506],{"class":39},[33,100681,44],{"class":43},[33,100683,57031],{"class":39},[33,100685,310],{"class":47},[33,100687,2987],{"class":162},[33,100689,133],{"class":47},[33,100691,282],{"class":162},[33,100693,55],{"class":47},[33,100695,9835],{"class":162},[33,100697,143],{"class":47},[33,100699,100700,100702,100704,100706],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,100701,157],{"class":156},[33,100703,133],{"class":47},[33,100705,1530],{"class":162},[33,100707,143],{"class":47},[14,100709,207],{},[23,100711,100713],{"className":25,"code":100712,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 4}\n",[30,100714,100715],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100716,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100718,9432],{"class":47},[33,100720,52],{"class":51},[33,100722,55],{"class":47},[33,100724,1132],{"class":51},[33,100726,9462],{"class":47},[14,100728,100729,100730,100732,100733,453,100735,310],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[30,100731,273],{}," and removes anything found in ",[30,100734,282],{},[30,100736,291],{},[45070,100738],{},[18,100740,17571],{"id":17570},[14,100742,100743,100745,100746,310],{},[30,100744,100393],{}," always returns a ",[205,100747,100748],{},"new set",[14,100750,43803],{},[316,100752,100753,100756,100759],{},[319,100754,100755],{},"The return value is a new set",[319,100757,100758],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[319,100760,100761],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100763,367],{},[23,100765,100767],{"className":25,"code":100766,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,100768,100769,100785,100805,100809,100827,100831,100841],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100770,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100772,2729],{"class":39},[33,100774,44],{"class":43},[33,100776,10644],{"class":47},[33,100778,52],{"class":51},[33,100780,55],{"class":47},[33,100782,58],{"class":51},[33,100784,9462],{"class":47},[33,100786,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100788,2757],{"class":39},[33,100790,44],{"class":43},[33,100792,10644],{"class":47},[33,100794,52],{"class":51},[33,100796,55],{"class":47},[33,100798,58],{"class":51},[33,100800,55],{"class":47},[33,100802,63],{"class":51},[33,100804,9462],{"class":47},[33,100806,100807],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100808,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823,100825],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100812,1506],{"class":39},[33,100814,44],{"class":43},[33,100816,57031],{"class":39},[33,100818,310],{"class":47},[33,100820,2987],{"class":162},[33,100822,133],{"class":47},[33,100824,282],{"class":162},[33,100826,143],{"class":47},[33,100828,100829],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,100830,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100832,100833,100835,100837,100839],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,100834,157],{"class":156},[33,100836,133],{"class":47},[33,100838,1530],{"class":162},[33,100840,143],{"class":47},[33,100842,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,100844,157],{"class":156},[33,100846,133],{"class":47},[33,100848,1406],{"class":129},[33,100850,133],{"class":47},[33,100852,1530],{"class":162},[33,100854,733],{"class":47},[14,100856,207],{},[23,100858,100859],{"className":25,"code":99267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,100860,100861,100867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100862,100863,100865],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100864,6446],{"class":129},[33,100866,1671],{"class":47},[33,100868,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100870,1427],{"class":43},[33,100872,1431],{"class":1430},[33,100874,245],{"class":79},[33,100876,6446],{"class":83},[33,100878,236],{"class":79},[33,100880,1441],{"class":43},[14,100882,100883,100884,19116,100886,100888,100889,100891],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[30,100885,3968],{},[30,100887,3963],{},". In Python, ",[30,100890,3963],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45070,100893],{},[18,100895,11627],{"id":11626},[14,100897,100898],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[23,100900,100902],{"className":25,"code":100901,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[30,100903,100904,100937,100970,100974,100994,100998,101008,101019],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,100905,100906,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,100907,100908],{"class":39},"fruits_a ",[33,100910,44],{"class":43},[33,100912,10644],{"class":47},[33,100914,80],{"class":79},[33,100916,386],{"class":83},[33,100918,80],{"class":79},[33,100920,55],{"class":47},[33,100922,91],{"class":79},[33,100924,4255],{"class":83},[33,100926,80],{"class":79},[33,100928,55],{"class":47},[33,100930,91],{"class":79},[33,100932,33376],{"class":83},[33,100934,80],{"class":79},[33,100936,9462],{"class":47},[33,100938,100939,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,100940,100941],{"class":39},"fruits_b ",[33,100943,44],{"class":43},[33,100945,10644],{"class":47},[33,100947,80],{"class":79},[33,100949,4255],{"class":83},[33,100951,80],{"class":79},[33,100953,55],{"class":47},[33,100955,91],{"class":79},[33,100957,33376],{"class":83},[33,100959,80],{"class":79},[33,100961,55],{"class":47},[33,100963,91],{"class":79},[33,100965,22687],{"class":83},[33,100967,80],{"class":79},[33,100969,9462],{"class":47},[33,100971,100972],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,100973,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100975,100976,100978,100980,100983,100985,100987,100989,100992],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,100977,1506],{"class":39},[33,100979,44],{"class":43},[33,100981,100982],{"class":39}," fruits_a",[33,100984,310],{"class":47},[33,100986,2987],{"class":162},[33,100988,133],{"class":47},[33,100990,100991],{"class":162},"fruits_b",[33,100993,143],{"class":47},[33,100995,100996],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,100997,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,100999,101000,101002,101004,101006],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,101001,157],{"class":156},[33,101003,133],{"class":47},[33,101005,1530],{"class":162},[33,101007,143],{"class":47},[33,101009,101010,101012,101014,101017],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,101011,157],{"class":156},[33,101013,133],{"class":47},[33,101015,101016],{"class":162},"fruits_a",[33,101018,143],{"class":47},[33,101020,101021,101023,101025,101027],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,101022,157],{"class":156},[33,101024,133],{"class":47},[33,101026,100991],{"class":162},[33,101028,143],{"class":47},[14,101030,30183],{},[23,101032,101034],{"className":25,"code":101033,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[30,101035,101036,101048,101076],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101037,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101039,9432],{"class":47},[33,101041,236],{"class":79},[33,101043,386],{"class":83},[33,101045,236],{"class":79},[33,101047,9462],{"class":47},[33,101049,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101051,9432],{"class":47},[33,101053,236],{"class":79},[33,101055,4255],{"class":83},[33,101057,236],{"class":79},[33,101059,55],{"class":47},[33,101061,245],{"class":79},[33,101063,33376],{"class":83},[33,101065,236],{"class":79},[33,101067,55],{"class":47},[33,101069,245],{"class":79},[33,101071,386],{"class":83},[33,101073,236],{"class":79},[33,101075,9462],{"class":47},[33,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101079,9432],{"class":47},[33,101081,236],{"class":79},[33,101083,4255],{"class":83},[33,101085,236],{"class":79},[33,101087,55],{"class":47},[33,101089,245],{"class":79},[33,101091,33376],{"class":83},[33,101093,236],{"class":79},[33,101095,55],{"class":47},[33,101097,245],{"class":79},[33,101099,22687],{"class":83},[33,101101,236],{"class":79},[33,101103,9462],{"class":47},[14,101105,11836],{},[316,101107,101108,101113,101118,101124],{},[319,101109,101110,101111],{},"Start with ",[30,101112,101016],{},[319,101114,101115,101116],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[30,101117,100991],{},[319,101119,101120,101121,101123],{},"Only ",[30,101122,57977],{}," remains",[319,101125,101126],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101128,101129],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45070,101131],{},[18,101133,1357,101135,101137],{"id":101134},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[30,101136,100393],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101139,101140,101141,310],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[30,101142,100393],{},[14,101144,101145],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[23,101147,101149],{"className":25,"code":101148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[30,101150,101151,101183,101200,101213,101230,101234,101263],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101152,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101154,40],{"class":39},[33,101156,44],{"class":43},[33,101158,10644],{"class":47},[33,101160,52],{"class":51},[33,101162,55],{"class":47},[33,101164,58],{"class":51},[33,101166,55],{"class":47},[33,101168,63],{"class":51},[33,101170,55],{"class":47},[33,101172,1132],{"class":51},[33,101174,55],{"class":47},[33,101176,4770],{"class":51},[33,101178,55],{"class":47},[33,101180,37798],{"class":51},[33,101182,9462],{"class":47},[33,101184,101185,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101186,101187],{"class":39},"group_a ",[33,101189,44],{"class":43},[33,101191,10644],{"class":47},[33,101193,2234],{"class":51},[33,101195,55],{"class":47},[33,101197,1132],{"class":51},[33,101199,9462],{"class":47},[33,101201,101202,101205,101207,101209,101211],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101203,101204],{"class":39},"group_b ",[33,101206,44],{"class":43},[33,101208,10644],{"class":47},[33,101210,1085],{"class":51},[33,101212,9462],{"class":47},[33,101214,101215,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101216,101217],{"class":39},"group_c ",[33,101219,44],{"class":43},[33,101221,10644],{"class":47},[33,101223,80570],{"class":51},[33,101225,55],{"class":47},[33,101227,6153],{"class":51},[33,101229,9462],{"class":47},[33,101231,101232],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101233,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244,101246,101248,101251,101253,101256,101258,101261],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,101237,1506],{"class":39},[33,101239,44],{"class":43},[33,101241,4430],{"class":39},[33,101243,310],{"class":47},[33,101245,2987],{"class":162},[33,101247,133],{"class":47},[33,101249,101250],{"class":162},"group_a",[33,101252,55],{"class":47},[33,101254,101255],{"class":162}," group_b",[33,101257,55],{"class":47},[33,101259,101260],{"class":162}," group_c",[33,101262,143],{"class":47},[33,101264,101265,101267,101269,101271],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,101266,157],{"class":156},[33,101268,133],{"class":47},[33,101270,1530],{"class":162},[33,101272,143],{"class":47},[14,101274,207],{},[23,101276,101278],{"className":25,"code":101277,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 3}\n",[30,101279,101280],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101281,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101283,9432],{"class":47},[33,101285,52],{"class":51},[33,101287,55],{"class":47},[33,101289,63],{"class":51},[33,101291,9462],{"class":47},[14,101293,101294],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45070,101296],{},[18,101298,101300,10739,101302],{"id":101299},"difference-vs-difference_update",[30,101301,100393],{},[30,101303,101304],{},"difference_update()",[14,101306,101307],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[664,101309,101310],{"id":2987},[30,101311,100393],{},[316,101313,101314,101317],{},[319,101315,101316],{},"Returns a new set",[319,101318,101319],{},"Does not change the original set",[23,101321,101323],{"className":25,"code":101322,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[30,101324,101325,101349,101365,101369,101387,101391,101401],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101326,101327,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101328,2729],{"class":39},[33,101330,44],{"class":43},[33,101332,10644],{"class":47},[33,101334,52],{"class":51},[33,101336,55],{"class":47},[33,101338,58],{"class":51},[33,101340,55],{"class":47},[33,101342,63],{"class":51},[33,101344,55],{"class":47},[33,101346,1132],{"class":51},[33,101348,9462],{"class":47},[33,101350,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101352,2757],{"class":39},[33,101354,44],{"class":43},[33,101356,10644],{"class":47},[33,101358,2240],{"class":51},[33,101360,55],{"class":47},[33,101362,1132],{"class":51},[33,101364,9462],{"class":47},[33,101366,101367],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101368,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101370,101371,101373,101375,101377,101379,101381,101383,101385],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101372,1506],{"class":39},[33,101374,44],{"class":43},[33,101376,57031],{"class":39},[33,101378,310],{"class":47},[33,101380,2987],{"class":162},[33,101382,133],{"class":47},[33,101384,282],{"class":162},[33,101386,143],{"class":47},[33,101388,101389],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101390,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101392,101393,101395,101397,101399],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,101394,157],{"class":156},[33,101396,133],{"class":47},[33,101398,1530],{"class":162},[33,101400,143],{"class":47},[33,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,101404,157],{"class":156},[33,101406,133],{"class":47},[33,101408,273],{"class":162},[33,101410,143],{"class":47},[14,101412,207],{},[23,101414,101416],{"className":25,"code":101415,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,101417,101418,101430],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101421,9432],{"class":47},[33,101423,52],{"class":51},[33,101425,55],{"class":47},[33,101427,58],{"class":51},[33,101429,9462],{"class":47},[33,101431,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101433,9432],{"class":47},[33,101435,52],{"class":51},[33,101437,55],{"class":47},[33,101439,58],{"class":51},[33,101441,55],{"class":47},[33,101443,63],{"class":51},[33,101445,55],{"class":47},[33,101447,1132],{"class":51},[33,101449,9462],{"class":47},[664,101451,101453],{"id":101452},"difference_update",[30,101454,101304],{},[316,101456,101457,101460],{},[319,101458,101459],{},"Changes the original set",[319,101461,96297],{},[23,101463,101465],{"className":25,"code":101464,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[30,101466,101467,101491,101507,101511,101525,101529],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101468,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101470,2729],{"class":39},[33,101472,44],{"class":43},[33,101474,10644],{"class":47},[33,101476,52],{"class":51},[33,101478,55],{"class":47},[33,101480,58],{"class":51},[33,101482,55],{"class":47},[33,101484,63],{"class":51},[33,101486,55],{"class":47},[33,101488,1132],{"class":51},[33,101490,9462],{"class":47},[33,101492,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101494,2757],{"class":39},[33,101496,44],{"class":43},[33,101498,10644],{"class":47},[33,101500,2240],{"class":51},[33,101502,55],{"class":47},[33,101504,1132],{"class":51},[33,101506,9462],{"class":47},[33,101508,101509],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101510,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101514,273],{"class":39},[33,101516,310],{"class":47},[33,101518,101452],{"class":162},[33,101520,133],{"class":47},[33,101522,282],{"class":162},[33,101524,143],{"class":47},[33,101526,101527],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101528,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,101532,157],{"class":156},[33,101534,133],{"class":47},[33,101536,273],{"class":162},[33,101538,143],{"class":47},[14,101540,207],{},[23,101542,101543],{"className":25,"code":100486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,101544,101545],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101546,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101548,9432],{"class":47},[33,101550,52],{"class":51},[33,101552,55],{"class":47},[33,101554,58],{"class":51},[33,101556,9462],{"class":47},[14,101558,672,101559,101561],{},[30,101560,100393],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101563,101564,101565,33756],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[30,101566,101304],{},[45070,101568],{},[18,101570,101572,101574,101575,101577],{"id":101571},"difference-vs-the-operator",[30,101573,100393],{}," vs the ",[30,101576,2199],{}," operator",[14,101579,2155,101580,101582,101583,101585],{},[30,101581,2199],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[30,101584,100393],{}," for two sets.",[23,101587,101589],{"className":25,"code":101588,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[30,101590,101591,101615,101631,101635,101653],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101592,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101594,2729],{"class":39},[33,101596,44],{"class":43},[33,101598,10644],{"class":47},[33,101600,52],{"class":51},[33,101602,55],{"class":47},[33,101604,58],{"class":51},[33,101606,55],{"class":47},[33,101608,63],{"class":51},[33,101610,55],{"class":47},[33,101612,1132],{"class":51},[33,101614,9462],{"class":47},[33,101616,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101618,2757],{"class":39},[33,101620,44],{"class":43},[33,101622,10644],{"class":47},[33,101624,2240],{"class":51},[33,101626,55],{"class":47},[33,101628,1132],{"class":51},[33,101630,9462],{"class":47},[33,101632,101633],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101634,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101636,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101638,157],{"class":156},[33,101640,133],{"class":47},[33,101642,273],{"class":162},[33,101644,310],{"class":47},[33,101646,2987],{"class":162},[33,101648,133],{"class":47},[33,101650,282],{"class":162},[33,101652,733],{"class":47},[33,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101656,157],{"class":156},[33,101658,133],{"class":47},[33,101660,2729],{"class":162},[33,101662,2199],{"class":43},[33,101664,2734],{"class":162},[33,101666,143],{"class":47},[14,101668,207],{},[23,101670,101672],{"className":25,"code":101671,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[30,101673,101674,101686],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101677,9432],{"class":47},[33,101679,52],{"class":51},[33,101681,55],{"class":47},[33,101683,58],{"class":51},[33,101685,9462],{"class":47},[33,101687,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101689,9432],{"class":47},[33,101691,52],{"class":51},[33,101693,55],{"class":47},[33,101695,58],{"class":51},[33,101697,9462],{"class":47},[14,101699,101700],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101702,94567,101703,2033],{},[30,101704,100393],{},[316,101706,101707,101710,101713],{},[319,101708,101709],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[319,101711,101712],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[319,101714,101715],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101717,101718],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[23,101720,101722],{"className":25,"code":101721,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[30,101723,101724,101752,101764,101776,101780],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101725,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101727,2729],{"class":39},[33,101729,44],{"class":43},[33,101731,10644],{"class":47},[33,101733,52],{"class":51},[33,101735,55],{"class":47},[33,101737,58],{"class":51},[33,101739,55],{"class":47},[33,101741,63],{"class":51},[33,101743,55],{"class":47},[33,101745,1132],{"class":51},[33,101747,55],{"class":47},[33,101749,4770],{"class":51},[33,101751,9462],{"class":47},[33,101753,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101755,2757],{"class":39},[33,101757,44],{"class":43},[33,101759,10644],{"class":47},[33,101761,2234],{"class":51},[33,101763,9462],{"class":47},[33,101765,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101767,83162],{"class":39},[33,101769,44],{"class":43},[33,101771,10644],{"class":47},[33,101773,2679],{"class":51},[33,101775,9462],{"class":47},[33,101777,101778],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101779,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101781,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101783,157],{"class":156},[33,101785,133],{"class":47},[33,101787,273],{"class":162},[33,101789,310],{"class":47},[33,101791,2987],{"class":162},[33,101793,133],{"class":47},[33,101795,282],{"class":162},[33,101797,55],{"class":47},[33,101799,9835],{"class":162},[33,101801,733],{"class":47},[14,101803,207],{},[23,101805,101807],{"className":25,"code":101806,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[30,101808,101809],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101810,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101812,9432],{"class":47},[33,101814,52],{"class":51},[33,101816,55],{"class":47},[33,101818,63],{"class":51},[33,101820,55],{"class":47},[33,101822,4770],{"class":51},[33,101824,9462],{"class":47},[14,101826,101827,101828,101830],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[30,101829,2199],{}," operator expression.",[45070,101832],{},[18,101834,1288],{"id":1287},[14,101836,21365,101837,310],{},[30,101838,100393],{},[664,101840,101842],{"id":101841},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101844,4793,101845,101847,101848,3061],{},[205,101846,4796],{}," change ",[30,101849,273],{},[23,101851,101853],{"className":25,"code":101852,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[30,101854,101855,101875,101887,101891,101905],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101856,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101858,2729],{"class":39},[33,101860,44],{"class":43},[33,101862,10644],{"class":47},[33,101864,52],{"class":51},[33,101866,55],{"class":47},[33,101868,58],{"class":51},[33,101870,55],{"class":47},[33,101872,63],{"class":51},[33,101874,9462],{"class":47},[33,101876,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101878,2757],{"class":39},[33,101880,44],{"class":43},[33,101882,10644],{"class":47},[33,101884,2240],{"class":51},[33,101886,9462],{"class":47},[33,101888,101889],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101890,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101892,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101894,273],{"class":39},[33,101896,310],{"class":47},[33,101898,2987],{"class":162},[33,101900,133],{"class":47},[33,101902,282],{"class":162},[33,101904,143],{"class":47},[33,101906,101907,101909,101911,101913],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,101908,157],{"class":156},[33,101910,133],{"class":47},[33,101912,273],{"class":162},[33,101914,143],{"class":47},[14,101916,207],{},[23,101918,101919],{"className":25,"code":96586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,101920,101921],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101922,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101924,9432],{"class":47},[33,101926,52],{"class":51},[33,101928,55],{"class":47},[33,101930,58],{"class":51},[33,101932,55],{"class":47},[33,101934,63],{"class":51},[33,101936,9462],{"class":47},[14,101938,101939],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[23,101941,101943],{"className":25,"code":101942,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[30,101944,101945,101965,101977,101981,101999],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,101946,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,101948,2729],{"class":39},[33,101950,44],{"class":43},[33,101952,10644],{"class":47},[33,101954,52],{"class":51},[33,101956,55],{"class":47},[33,101958,58],{"class":51},[33,101960,55],{"class":47},[33,101962,63],{"class":51},[33,101964,9462],{"class":47},[33,101966,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,101968,2757],{"class":39},[33,101970,44],{"class":43},[33,101972,10644],{"class":47},[33,101974,2240],{"class":51},[33,101976,9462],{"class":47},[33,101978,101979],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,101980,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,101982,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,101984,2729],{"class":39},[33,101986,44],{"class":43},[33,101988,57031],{"class":39},[33,101990,310],{"class":47},[33,101992,2987],{"class":162},[33,101994,133],{"class":47},[33,101996,282],{"class":162},[33,101998,143],{"class":47},[33,102000,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102002,157],{"class":156},[33,102004,133],{"class":47},[33,102006,273],{"class":162},[33,102008,143],{"class":47},[14,102010,207],{},[23,102012,102013],{"className":25,"code":100486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,102014,102015],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102016,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102018,9432],{"class":47},[33,102020,52],{"class":51},[33,102022,55],{"class":47},[33,102024,58],{"class":51},[33,102026,9462],{"class":47},[664,102028,102030],{"id":102029},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102032,102033,102036],{},[30,102034,102035],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[316,102038,102039,102044],{},[319,102040,102041,102042],{},"keep items from ",[30,102043,273],{},[319,102045,102046,102047],{},"remove anything also in ",[30,102048,282],{},[14,102050,41059,102051,102053,102054,102056],{},[205,102052,4796],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[30,102055,282],{},"”.",[14,102058,367],{},[23,102060,102062],{"className":25,"code":102061,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[30,102063,102064,102084,102104,102108,102126],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102065,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102067,2729],{"class":39},[33,102069,44],{"class":43},[33,102071,10644],{"class":47},[33,102073,52],{"class":51},[33,102075,55],{"class":47},[33,102077,58],{"class":51},[33,102079,55],{"class":47},[33,102081,63],{"class":51},[33,102083,9462],{"class":47},[33,102085,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102087,2757],{"class":39},[33,102089,44],{"class":43},[33,102091,10644],{"class":47},[33,102093,2240],{"class":51},[33,102095,55],{"class":47},[33,102097,1132],{"class":51},[33,102099,55],{"class":47},[33,102101,4770],{"class":51},[33,102103,9462],{"class":47},[33,102105,102106],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102107,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102109,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102111,157],{"class":156},[33,102113,133],{"class":47},[33,102115,273],{"class":162},[33,102117,310],{"class":47},[33,102119,2987],{"class":162},[33,102121,133],{"class":47},[33,102123,282],{"class":162},[33,102125,733],{"class":47},[33,102127,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102129,157],{"class":156},[33,102131,133],{"class":47},[33,102133,282],{"class":162},[33,102135,310],{"class":47},[33,102137,2987],{"class":162},[33,102139,133],{"class":47},[33,102141,273],{"class":162},[33,102143,733],{"class":47},[14,102145,207],{},[23,102147,102149],{"className":25,"code":102148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[30,102150,102151,102163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102152,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102154,9432],{"class":47},[33,102156,52],{"class":51},[33,102158,55],{"class":47},[33,102160,58],{"class":51},[33,102162,9462],{"class":47},[33,102164,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102166,9432],{"class":47},[33,102168,2679],{"class":51},[33,102170,55],{"class":47},[33,102172,4770],{"class":51},[33,102174,9462],{"class":47},[14,102176,102177],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[664,102179,102181],{"id":102180},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102183,102184,102186],{},[30,102185,100393],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102188,55465],{},[23,102190,102192],{"className":25,"code":102191,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[30,102193,102194,102214,102230,102234],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102195,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102197,2729],{"class":39},[33,102199,44],{"class":43},[33,102201,48],{"class":47},[33,102203,52],{"class":51},[33,102205,55],{"class":47},[33,102207,58],{"class":51},[33,102209,55],{"class":47},[33,102211,63],{"class":51},[33,102213,66],{"class":47},[33,102215,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102217,2757],{"class":39},[33,102219,44],{"class":43},[33,102221,48],{"class":47},[33,102223,2240],{"class":51},[33,102225,55],{"class":47},[33,102227,1132],{"class":51},[33,102229,66],{"class":47},[33,102231,102232],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102233,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102235,102236],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102237,102238],{"class":1308},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102240,102241],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[23,102243,102245],{"className":25,"code":102244,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[30,102246,102247,102267,102283,102287,102313],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102250,2729],{"class":39},[33,102252,44],{"class":43},[33,102254,48],{"class":47},[33,102256,52],{"class":51},[33,102258,55],{"class":47},[33,102260,58],{"class":51},[33,102262,55],{"class":47},[33,102264,63],{"class":51},[33,102266,66],{"class":47},[33,102268,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102270,2757],{"class":39},[33,102272,44],{"class":43},[33,102274,48],{"class":47},[33,102276,2240],{"class":51},[33,102278,55],{"class":47},[33,102280,1132],{"class":51},[33,102282,66],{"class":47},[33,102284,102285],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102286,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102288,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102290,1506],{"class":39},[33,102292,44],{"class":43},[33,102294,15785],{"class":129},[33,102296,133],{"class":47},[33,102298,273],{"class":162},[33,102300,8787],{"class":47},[33,102302,2987],{"class":162},[33,102304,133],{"class":47},[33,102306,6446],{"class":129},[33,102308,133],{"class":47},[33,102310,282],{"class":162},[33,102312,733],{"class":47},[33,102314,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102316,157],{"class":156},[33,102318,133],{"class":47},[33,102320,1530],{"class":162},[33,102322,143],{"class":47},[14,102324,207],{},[23,102326,102327],{"className":25,"code":100486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,102328,102329],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102330,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102332,9432],{"class":47},[33,102334,52],{"class":51},[33,102336,55],{"class":47},[33,102338,58],{"class":51},[33,102340,9462],{"class":47},[664,102342,102344],{"id":102343},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102346,102347],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[23,102349,102351],{"className":25,"code":102350,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[30,102352,102353,102385,102401,102405],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102354,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381,102383],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102356,2729],{"class":39},[33,102358,44],{"class":43},[33,102360,10644],{"class":47},[33,102362,80],{"class":79},[33,102364,37201],{"class":83},[33,102366,80],{"class":79},[33,102368,55],{"class":47},[33,102370,91],{"class":79},[33,102372,58271],{"class":83},[33,102374,80],{"class":79},[33,102376,55],{"class":47},[33,102378,91],{"class":79},[33,102380,58288],{"class":83},[33,102382,80],{"class":79},[33,102384,9462],{"class":47},[33,102386,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102388,2757],{"class":39},[33,102390,44],{"class":43},[33,102392,10644],{"class":47},[33,102394,80],{"class":79},[33,102396,58271],{"class":83},[33,102398,80],{"class":79},[33,102400,9462],{"class":47},[33,102402,102403],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102404,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102408,157],{"class":156},[33,102410,133],{"class":47},[33,102412,273],{"class":162},[33,102414,310],{"class":47},[33,102416,2987],{"class":162},[33,102418,133],{"class":47},[33,102420,282],{"class":162},[33,102422,733],{"class":47},[14,102424,102425],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[664,102427,102429],{"id":102428},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102431,102432],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[23,102434,102436],{"className":25,"code":102435,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[30,102437,102438,102466,102478,102482,102492],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102439,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460,102462,102464],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102441,2729],{"class":39},[33,102443,44],{"class":43},[33,102445,10644],{"class":47},[33,102447,52],{"class":51},[33,102449,55],{"class":47},[33,102451,1119],{"class":51},[33,102453,55],{"class":47},[33,102455,58],{"class":51},[33,102457,55],{"class":47},[33,102459,58],{"class":51},[33,102461,55],{"class":47},[33,102463,63],{"class":51},[33,102465,9462],{"class":47},[33,102467,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102469,2757],{"class":39},[33,102471,44],{"class":43},[33,102473,10644],{"class":47},[33,102475,2240],{"class":51},[33,102477,9462],{"class":47},[33,102479,102480],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102481,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102483,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102485,157],{"class":156},[33,102487,133],{"class":47},[33,102489,273],{"class":162},[33,102491,143],{"class":47},[33,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102495,157],{"class":156},[33,102497,133],{"class":47},[33,102499,273],{"class":162},[33,102501,310],{"class":47},[33,102503,2987],{"class":162},[33,102505,133],{"class":47},[33,102507,282],{"class":162},[33,102509,733],{"class":47},[14,102511,207],{},[23,102513,102515],{"className":25,"code":102514,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[30,102516,102517,102533],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102518,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529,102531],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102520,9432],{"class":47},[33,102522,52],{"class":51},[33,102524,55],{"class":47},[33,102526,58],{"class":51},[33,102528,55],{"class":47},[33,102530,63],{"class":51},[33,102532,9462],{"class":47},[33,102534,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102536,9432],{"class":47},[33,102538,52],{"class":51},[33,102540,55],{"class":47},[33,102542,58],{"class":51},[33,102544,9462],{"class":47},[14,102546,102547,102548,102550],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[30,102549,100393],{}," runs.",[664,102552,102554],{"id":102553},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102556,102557],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[23,102559,102561],{"className":25,"code":102560,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[30,102562,102563,102587,102607,102611,102621,102631,102649,102671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102564,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102566,2729],{"class":39},[33,102568,44],{"class":43},[33,102570,10644],{"class":47},[33,102572,52],{"class":51},[33,102574,55],{"class":47},[33,102576,58],{"class":51},[33,102578,55],{"class":47},[33,102580,63],{"class":51},[33,102582,55],{"class":47},[33,102584,1132],{"class":51},[33,102586,9462],{"class":47},[33,102588,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102590,2757],{"class":39},[33,102592,44],{"class":43},[33,102594,10644],{"class":47},[33,102596,2240],{"class":51},[33,102598,55],{"class":47},[33,102600,1132],{"class":51},[33,102602,55],{"class":47},[33,102604,4770],{"class":51},[33,102606,9462],{"class":47},[33,102608,102609],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102610,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102612,102613,102615,102617,102619],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102614,157],{"class":156},[33,102616,133],{"class":47},[33,102618,273],{"class":162},[33,102620,143],{"class":47},[33,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102624,157],{"class":156},[33,102626,133],{"class":47},[33,102628,282],{"class":162},[33,102630,143],{"class":47},[33,102632,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,102634,157],{"class":156},[33,102636,133],{"class":47},[33,102638,273],{"class":162},[33,102640,310],{"class":47},[33,102642,2987],{"class":162},[33,102644,133],{"class":47},[33,102646,282],{"class":162},[33,102648,733],{"class":47},[33,102650,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,102652,157],{"class":156},[33,102654,133],{"class":47},[33,102656,1406],{"class":129},[33,102658,133],{"class":47},[33,102660,273],{"class":162},[33,102662,310],{"class":47},[33,102664,2987],{"class":162},[33,102666,133],{"class":47},[33,102668,282],{"class":162},[33,102670,1890],{"class":47},[33,102672,102673,102675,102677,102679,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,102674,157],{"class":156},[33,102676,133],{"class":47},[33,102678,726],{"class":156},[33,102680,133],{"class":47},[33,102682,273],{"class":162},[33,102684,310],{"class":47},[33,102686,2987],{"class":162},[33,102688,133],{"class":47},[33,102690,282],{"class":162},[33,102692,1890],{"class":47},[14,102694,11322],{},[316,102696,102697,102700,102703,102706],{},[319,102698,102699],{},"what is in each set",[319,102701,102702],{},"what result Python creates",[319,102704,102705],{},"that the result is a set",[319,102707,102708],{},"how many items remain",[45070,102710],{},[18,102712,1961],{"id":1960},[664,102714,12857,102716,102718],{"id":102715},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[30,102717,100393],{}," change the original set?",[14,102720,102721],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[664,102723,2027,102725,2030,102727,2033],{"id":102724},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[30,102726,100393],{},[30,102728,101304],{},[14,102730,102731,102733,102734,102736],{},[30,102732,100393],{}," returns a new set. ",[30,102735,101304],{}," modifies the original set.",[664,102738,28481,102740,102742],{"id":102739},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[30,102741,100393],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102744,102745],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[664,102747,102749],{"id":102748},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102751,102752],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45070,102754],{},[18,102756,2045],{"id":2044},[316,102758,102759,102763,102771],{},[319,102760,102761],{},[273,102762,96307],{"href":97478},[319,102764,102765],{},[273,102766,96793,102768,887],{"href":102767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[30,102769,102770],{},"intersection()",[319,102772,102773],{},[273,102774,96793,102776,887],{"href":102775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[30,102777,102778],{},"union()",[2097,102780,102781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":102783},[102784,102785,102787,102788,102789,102790,102792,102797,102799,102807,102816],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":100515,"depth":69,"text":102786},"What difference() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":101134,"depth":69,"text":102791},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101299,"depth":69,"text":102793,"children":102794},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102795,102796],{"id":2987,"depth":110,"text":100393},{"id":101452,"depth":110,"text":101304},{"id":101571,"depth":69,"text":102798},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":102800},[102801,102802,102803,102804,102805,102806],{"id":101841,"depth":110,"text":101842},{"id":102029,"depth":110,"text":102030},{"id":102180,"depth":110,"text":102181},{"id":102343,"depth":110,"text":102344},{"id":102428,"depth":110,"text":102429},{"id":102553,"depth":110,"text":102554},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":102808},[102809,102811,102813,102815],{"id":102715,"depth":110,"text":102810},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102724,"depth":110,"text":102812},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102739,"depth":110,"text":102814},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102748,"depth":110,"text":102749},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100385,"description":102817},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102824,"title":102825,"body":102826,"description":104521,"extension":2138,"meta":104522,"navigation":149,"path":104523,"seo":104524,"stem":104525,"__hash__":104526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102827,"toc":104483},[102828,102834,102840,102853,102855,102956,102958,103003,103008,103013,103017,103031,103034,103042,103044,103063,103081,103085,103138,103140,103161,103168,103173,103200,103207,103306,103308,103345,103353,103357,103363,103366,103439,103441,103449,103454,103523,103525,103550,103552,103555,103658,103660,103721,103724,103728,103734,103807,103809,103842,103845,103848,103888,103894,103917,103922,103926,103937,103940,103942,103946,103952,103954,104011,104021,104023,104076,104083,104088,104156,104164,104170,104174,104176,104215,104220,104269,104273,104276,104278,104317,104320,104322,104327,104384,104386,104400,104402,104406,104412,104417,104422,104429,104440,104446,104451,104453,104480],[10,102829,96179,102831,2059],{"id":102830},"python-set-discard-method",[30,102832,102833],{},"discard()",[14,102835,102836,102839],{},[30,102837,102838],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102841,102842,102843,1931,102848,14207,102850,102852],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[273,102844,102845],{"href":98188},[30,102846,102847],{},"set.remove()",[30,102849,102833],{},[205,102851,4796],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[18,102854,2180],{"id":2179},[23,102856,102858],{"className":25,"code":102857,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[30,102859,102860,102892,102911,102921,102925,102946],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102861,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102863,13229],{"class":39},[33,102865,44],{"class":43},[33,102867,10644],{"class":47},[33,102869,80],{"class":79},[33,102871,13246],{"class":83},[33,102873,80],{"class":79},[33,102875,55],{"class":47},[33,102877,91],{"class":79},[33,102879,13263],{"class":83},[33,102881,80],{"class":79},[33,102883,55],{"class":47},[33,102885,91],{"class":79},[33,102887,17608],{"class":83},[33,102889,80],{"class":79},[33,102891,9462],{"class":47},[33,102893,102894,102896,102898,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102895,17655],{"class":39},[33,102897,310],{"class":47},[33,102899,102900],{"class":162},"discard",[33,102902,133],{"class":47},[33,102904,80],{"class":79},[33,102906,13263],{"class":83},[33,102908,80],{"class":79},[33,102910,143],{"class":47},[33,102912,102913,102915,102917,102919],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,102914,157],{"class":156},[33,102916,133],{"class":47},[33,102918,17655],{"class":162},[33,102920,143],{"class":47},[33,102922,102923],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,102924,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,102926,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,102928,17655],{"class":39},[33,102930,310],{"class":47},[33,102932,102900],{"class":162},[33,102934,133],{"class":47},[33,102936,80],{"class":79},[33,102938,22678],{"class":83},[33,102940,80],{"class":79},[33,102942,3831],{"class":47},[33,102944,102945],{"class":1308},"  # no error if missing\n",[33,102947,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,102949,157],{"class":156},[33,102951,133],{"class":47},[33,102953,17655],{"class":162},[33,102955,143],{"class":47},[14,102957,30183],{},[23,102959,102961],{"className":25,"code":102960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[30,102962,102963,102983],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,102964,102965,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,102966,9432],{"class":47},[33,102968,236],{"class":79},[33,102970,13246],{"class":83},[33,102972,236],{"class":79},[33,102974,55],{"class":47},[33,102976,245],{"class":79},[33,102978,17608],{"class":83},[33,102980,236],{"class":79},[33,102982,9462],{"class":47},[33,102984,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,102986,9432],{"class":47},[33,102988,236],{"class":79},[33,102990,13246],{"class":83},[33,102992,236],{"class":79},[33,102994,55],{"class":47},[33,102996,245],{"class":79},[33,102998,17608],{"class":83},[33,103000,236],{"class":79},[33,103002,9462],{"class":47},[14,103004,672,103005,103007],{},[30,103006,102833],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[18,103009,3848,103011,3851],{"id":103010},"what-setdiscard-does",[30,103012,102838],{},[14,103014,103015,3061],{},[30,103016,102833],{},[316,103018,103019,103022,103025,103027],{},[319,103020,103021],{},"Removes one item from a set",[319,103023,103024],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[319,103026,96294],{},[319,103028,11575,103029],{},[30,103030,3950],{},[14,103032,103033],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103035,96303,103036,453,103039,310],{},[273,103037,103038],{"href":98770},"what a set is in Python",[273,103040,103041],{"href":97862},"how to create a set",[18,103043,2334],{"id":2333},[23,103045,103047],{"className":25,"code":103046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[30,103048,103049],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103050,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103052,15818],{"class":39},[33,103054,310],{"class":47},[33,103056,102900],{"class":162},[33,103058,133],{"class":47},[33,103060,2647],{"class":162},[33,103062,143],{"class":47},[316,103064,103065,103070,103075,103078],{},[319,103066,103067,103069],{},[30,103068,15818],{}," is the set you want to change",[319,103071,103072,103074],{},[30,103073,2647],{}," is the item you want to remove",[319,103076,103077],{},"The set must already exist",[319,103079,103080],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[664,103082,103084],{"id":103083},"example","Example",[23,103086,103088],{"className":25,"code":103087,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,103089,103090,103114,103128],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103091,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108,103110,103112],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103093,40],{"class":39},[33,103095,44],{"class":43},[33,103097,10644],{"class":47},[33,103099,52],{"class":51},[33,103101,55],{"class":47},[33,103103,58],{"class":51},[33,103105,55],{"class":47},[33,103107,63],{"class":51},[33,103109,55],{"class":47},[33,103111,1132],{"class":51},[33,103113,9462],{"class":47},[33,103115,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103117,163],{"class":39},[33,103119,310],{"class":47},[33,103121,102900],{"class":162},[33,103123,133],{"class":47},[33,103125,2240],{"class":51},[33,103127,143],{"class":47},[33,103129,103130,103132,103134,103136],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103131,157],{"class":156},[33,103133,133],{"class":47},[33,103135,163],{"class":162},[33,103137,143],{"class":47},[14,103139,207],{},[23,103141,103143],{"className":25,"code":103142,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[30,103144,103145],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103148,9432],{"class":47},[33,103150,52],{"class":51},[33,103152,55],{"class":47},[33,103154,58],{"class":51},[33,103156,55],{"class":47},[33,103158,1132],{"class":51},[33,103160,9462],{"class":47},[18,103162,103164,103165,103167],{"id":103163},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[30,103166,102833],{}," different",[14,103169,103170,103172],{},[30,103171,102833],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[316,103174,103175,103188,103197],{},[319,103176,103177,103178,1931,103182,103184,103185,103187],{},"Unlike ",[273,103179,103180],{"href":98188},[30,103181,55674],{},[30,103183,102833],{}," does not raise ",[30,103186,19840],{}," when the item is missing",[319,103189,103177,103190,1931,103194,103196],{},[273,103191,103192],{"href":98193},[30,103193,12916],{},[30,103195,102833],{}," removes a specific item",[319,103198,103199],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[664,103201,103203,10739,103205],{"id":103202},"discard-vs-remove",[30,103204,102833],{},[30,103206,55674],{},[23,103208,103210],{"className":25,"code":103209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[30,103211,103212,103236,103240,103261,103271,103275,103296],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103213,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103215,377],{"class":39},[33,103217,44],{"class":43},[33,103219,10644],{"class":47},[33,103221,80],{"class":79},[33,103223,386],{"class":83},[33,103225,80],{"class":79},[33,103227,55],{"class":47},[33,103229,91],{"class":79},[33,103231,4255],{"class":83},[33,103233,80],{"class":79},[33,103235,9462],{"class":47},[33,103237,103238],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103239,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103241,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103243,414],{"class":39},[33,103245,310],{"class":47},[33,103247,102900],{"class":162},[33,103249,133],{"class":47},[33,103251,80],{"class":79},[33,103253,33376],{"class":83},[33,103255,80],{"class":79},[33,103257,3831],{"class":47},[33,103259,103260],{"class":1308},"   # no error\n",[33,103262,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,103264,157],{"class":156},[33,103266,133],{"class":47},[33,103268,414],{"class":162},[33,103270,143],{"class":47},[33,103272,103273],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,103274,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103276,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,103278,414],{"class":39},[33,103280,310],{"class":47},[33,103282,34950],{"class":162},[33,103284,133],{"class":47},[33,103286,80],{"class":79},[33,103288,4255],{"class":83},[33,103290,80],{"class":79},[33,103292,3831],{"class":47},[33,103294,103295],{"class":1308},"    # removes existing item\n",[33,103297,103298,103300,103302,103304],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,103299,157],{"class":156},[33,103301,133],{"class":47},[33,103303,414],{"class":162},[33,103305,143],{"class":47},[14,103307,207],{},[23,103309,103311],{"className":25,"code":103310,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[30,103312,103313,103333],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103314,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103316,9432],{"class":47},[33,103318,236],{"class":79},[33,103320,386],{"class":83},[33,103322,236],{"class":79},[33,103324,55],{"class":47},[33,103326,245],{"class":79},[33,103328,4255],{"class":83},[33,103330,236],{"class":79},[33,103332,9462],{"class":47},[33,103334,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103336,9432],{"class":47},[33,103338,236],{"class":79},[33,103340,386],{"class":83},[33,103342,236],{"class":79},[33,103344,9462],{"class":47},[14,103346,40498,103347,103349,103350,103352],{},[30,103348,55674],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[273,103351,11228],{"href":11227}," for more help with that case.",[18,103354,103356],{"id":103355},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103358,103359,2572,103361,310],{},[30,103360,102833],{},[30,103362,3950],{},[14,103364,103365],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[23,103367,103369],{"className":25,"code":103368,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,103370,103371,103403,103425,103429],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103372,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103374,13229],{"class":39},[33,103376,44],{"class":43},[33,103378,10644],{"class":47},[33,103380,80],{"class":79},[33,103382,13246],{"class":83},[33,103384,80],{"class":79},[33,103386,55],{"class":47},[33,103388,91],{"class":79},[33,103390,13263],{"class":83},[33,103392,80],{"class":79},[33,103394,55],{"class":47},[33,103396,91],{"class":79},[33,103398,17608],{"class":83},[33,103400,80],{"class":79},[33,103402,9462],{"class":47},[33,103404,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103406,1506],{"class":39},[33,103408,44],{"class":43},[33,103410,13277],{"class":39},[33,103412,310],{"class":47},[33,103414,102900],{"class":162},[33,103416,133],{"class":47},[33,103418,80],{"class":79},[33,103420,13263],{"class":83},[33,103422,80],{"class":79},[33,103424,143],{"class":47},[33,103426,103427],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103428,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103430,103431,103433,103435,103437],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,103432,157],{"class":156},[33,103434,133],{"class":47},[33,103436,1530],{"class":162},[33,103438,143],{"class":47},[14,103440,207],{},[23,103442,103443],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,103444,103445],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103446,103447],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103448,11961],{"class":398},[14,103450,103451,103452,3061],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[30,103453,17655],{},[23,103455,103457],{"className":25,"code":103456,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[30,103458,103459,103491,103509,103513],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103460,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103462,13229],{"class":39},[33,103464,44],{"class":43},[33,103466,10644],{"class":47},[33,103468,80],{"class":79},[33,103470,13246],{"class":83},[33,103472,80],{"class":79},[33,103474,55],{"class":47},[33,103476,91],{"class":79},[33,103478,13263],{"class":83},[33,103480,80],{"class":79},[33,103482,55],{"class":47},[33,103484,91],{"class":79},[33,103486,17608],{"class":83},[33,103488,80],{"class":79},[33,103490,9462],{"class":47},[33,103492,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103494,17655],{"class":39},[33,103496,310],{"class":47},[33,103498,102900],{"class":162},[33,103500,133],{"class":47},[33,103502,80],{"class":79},[33,103504,13263],{"class":83},[33,103506,80],{"class":79},[33,103508,143],{"class":47},[33,103510,103511],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103512,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103514,103515,103517,103519,103521],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,103516,157],{"class":156},[33,103518,133],{"class":47},[33,103520,17655],{"class":162},[33,103522,143],{"class":47},[14,103524,207],{},[23,103526,103528],{"className":25,"code":103527,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[30,103529,103530],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103531,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103533,9432],{"class":47},[33,103535,236],{"class":79},[33,103537,13246],{"class":83},[33,103539,236],{"class":79},[33,103541,55],{"class":47},[33,103543,245],{"class":79},[33,103545,17608],{"class":83},[33,103547,236],{"class":79},[33,103549,9462],{"class":47},[18,103551,11627],{"id":11626},[14,103553,103554],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[23,103556,103558],{"className":25,"code":103557,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[30,103559,103560,103592,103596,103614,103618,103636,103640],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103561,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103563,36392],{"class":39},[33,103565,44],{"class":43},[33,103567,10644],{"class":47},[33,103569,80],{"class":79},[33,103571,386],{"class":83},[33,103573,80],{"class":79},[33,103575,55],{"class":47},[33,103577,91],{"class":79},[33,103579,4255],{"class":83},[33,103581,80],{"class":79},[33,103583,55],{"class":47},[33,103585,91],{"class":79},[33,103587,33376],{"class":83},[33,103589,80],{"class":79},[33,103591,9462],{"class":47},[33,103593,103594],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103595,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103597,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103599,157],{"class":156},[33,103601,133],{"class":47},[33,103603,80],{"class":79},[33,103605,11716],{"class":83},[33,103607,80],{"class":79},[33,103609,55],{"class":47},[33,103611,53003],{"class":162},[33,103613,143],{"class":47},[33,103615,103616],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,103617,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103619,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,103621,36444],{"class":39},[33,103623,310],{"class":47},[33,103625,102900],{"class":162},[33,103627,133],{"class":47},[33,103629,80],{"class":79},[33,103631,4255],{"class":83},[33,103633,80],{"class":79},[33,103635,143],{"class":47},[33,103637,103638],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,103639,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103641,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,103643,157],{"class":156},[33,103645,133],{"class":47},[33,103647,80],{"class":79},[33,103649,11756],{"class":83},[33,103651,80],{"class":79},[33,103653,55],{"class":47},[33,103655,53003],{"class":162},[33,103657,143],{"class":47},[14,103659,207],{},[23,103661,103663],{"className":25,"code":103662,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[30,103664,103665,103697],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103666,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103668,11776],{"class":39},[33,103670,3061],{"class":47},[33,103672,10644],{"class":47},[33,103674,236],{"class":79},[33,103676,4255],{"class":83},[33,103678,236],{"class":79},[33,103680,55],{"class":47},[33,103682,245],{"class":79},[33,103684,386],{"class":83},[33,103686,236],{"class":79},[33,103688,55],{"class":47},[33,103690,245],{"class":79},[33,103692,33376],{"class":83},[33,103694,236],{"class":79},[33,103696,9462],{"class":47},[33,103698,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103700,11829],{"class":39},[33,103702,3061],{"class":47},[33,103704,10644],{"class":47},[33,103706,236],{"class":79},[33,103708,386],{"class":83},[33,103710,236],{"class":79},[33,103712,55],{"class":47},[33,103714,245],{"class":79},[33,103716,33376],{"class":83},[33,103718,236],{"class":79},[33,103720,9462],{"class":47},[14,103722,103723],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[18,103725,103727],{"id":103726},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103729,103730,103731,103733],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[30,103732,102833],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[23,103735,103737],{"className":25,"code":103736,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[30,103738,103739,103771,103775,103793,103797],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103740,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103742,36392],{"class":39},[33,103744,44],{"class":43},[33,103746,10644],{"class":47},[33,103748,80],{"class":79},[33,103750,386],{"class":83},[33,103752,80],{"class":79},[33,103754,55],{"class":47},[33,103756,91],{"class":79},[33,103758,4255],{"class":83},[33,103760,80],{"class":79},[33,103762,55],{"class":47},[33,103764,91],{"class":79},[33,103766,33376],{"class":83},[33,103768,80],{"class":79},[33,103770,9462],{"class":47},[33,103772,103773],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103774,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103776,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,103778,36444],{"class":39},[33,103780,310],{"class":47},[33,103782,102900],{"class":162},[33,103784,133],{"class":47},[33,103786,80],{"class":79},[33,103788,22687],{"class":83},[33,103790,80],{"class":79},[33,103792,143],{"class":47},[33,103794,103795],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,103796,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,103798,103799,103801,103803,103805],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,103800,157],{"class":156},[33,103802,133],{"class":47},[33,103804,36444],{"class":162},[33,103806,143],{"class":47},[14,103808,207],{},[23,103810,103812],{"className":25,"code":103811,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[30,103813,103814],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103815,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103817,9432],{"class":47},[33,103819,236],{"class":79},[33,103821,4255],{"class":83},[33,103823,236],{"class":79},[33,103825,55],{"class":47},[33,103827,245],{"class":79},[33,103829,386],{"class":83},[33,103831,236],{"class":79},[33,103833,55],{"class":47},[33,103835,245],{"class":79},[33,103837,33376],{"class":83},[33,103839,236],{"class":79},[33,103841,9462],{"class":47},[14,103843,103844],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103846,103847],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[23,103849,103851],{"className":25,"code":103850,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[30,103852,103853,103869],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103854,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103856,7156],{"class":4046},[33,103858,91],{"class":79},[33,103860,22687],{"class":83},[33,103862,80],{"class":79},[33,103864,21327],{"class":43},[33,103866,53003],{"class":39},[33,103868,6553],{"class":47},[33,103870,103871,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103872,103873],{"class":39},"    fruits",[33,103875,310],{"class":47},[33,103877,34950],{"class":162},[33,103879,133],{"class":47},[33,103881,80],{"class":79},[33,103883,22687],{"class":83},[33,103885,80],{"class":79},[33,103887,143],{"class":47},[14,103889,103890,103891,103893],{},"With ",[30,103892,102833],{},", you can simply write:",[23,103895,103897],{"className":25,"code":103896,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[30,103898,103899],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103900,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103902,36444],{"class":39},[33,103904,310],{"class":47},[33,103906,102900],{"class":162},[33,103908,133],{"class":47},[33,103910,80],{"class":79},[33,103912,22687],{"class":83},[33,103914,80],{"class":79},[33,103916,143],{"class":47},[18,103918,5127,103920],{"id":103919},"when-to-use-discard",[30,103921,102833],{},[14,103923,672,103924,10755],{},[30,103925,102833],{},[316,103927,103928,103931,103934],{},[319,103929,103930],{},"Missing values are normal",[319,103932,103933],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[319,103935,103936],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103938,103939],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[18,103941,3006],{"id":3005},[14,103943,8603,103944,310],{},[30,103945,102833],{},[664,103947,1487,103949,103951],{"id":103948},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[30,103950,102833],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103953,4691],{},[23,103955,103957],{"className":25,"code":103956,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,103958,103959,103979,103997,104001],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,103960,103961,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,103962,40],{"class":39},[33,103964,44],{"class":43},[33,103966,10644],{"class":47},[33,103968,52],{"class":51},[33,103970,55],{"class":47},[33,103972,58],{"class":51},[33,103974,55],{"class":47},[33,103976,63],{"class":51},[33,103978,9462],{"class":47},[33,103980,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,103982,40],{"class":39},[33,103984,44],{"class":43},[33,103986,4430],{"class":39},[33,103988,310],{"class":47},[33,103990,102900],{"class":162},[33,103992,133],{"class":47},[33,103994,2234],{"class":51},[33,103996,143],{"class":47},[33,103998,103999],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104000,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,104002,104003,104005,104007,104009],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,104004,157],{"class":156},[33,104006,133],{"class":47},[33,104008,163],{"class":162},[33,104010,143],{"class":47},[14,104012,104013,42308,104015,8757,104017,2572,104019,310],{},[30,104014,163],{},[30,104016,3950],{},[30,104018,102833],{},[30,104020,3950],{},[14,104022,18993],{},[23,104024,104026],{"className":25,"code":104025,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,104027,104028,104048,104062,104066],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104029,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104031,40],{"class":39},[33,104033,44],{"class":43},[33,104035,10644],{"class":47},[33,104037,52],{"class":51},[33,104039,55],{"class":47},[33,104041,58],{"class":51},[33,104043,55],{"class":47},[33,104045,63],{"class":51},[33,104047,9462],{"class":47},[33,104049,104050,104052,104054,104056,104058,104060],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104051,163],{"class":39},[33,104053,310],{"class":47},[33,104055,102900],{"class":162},[33,104057,133],{"class":47},[33,104059,2234],{"class":51},[33,104061,143],{"class":47},[33,104063,104064],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104065,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,104069,157],{"class":156},[33,104071,133],{"class":47},[33,104073,163],{"class":162},[33,104075,143],{"class":47},[664,104077,37358,104079,8860,104081],{"id":104078},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[30,104080,102833],{},[30,104082,55674],{},[14,104084,104085,104086,310],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[30,104087,102833],{},[23,104089,104091],{"className":25,"code":104090,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[30,104092,104093,104125,104146],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104096,124],{"class":39},[33,104098,44],{"class":43},[33,104100,10644],{"class":47},[33,104102,80],{"class":79},[33,104104,273],{"class":83},[33,104106,80],{"class":79},[33,104108,55],{"class":47},[33,104110,91],{"class":79},[33,104112,282],{"class":83},[33,104114,80],{"class":79},[33,104116,55],{"class":47},[33,104118,91],{"class":79},[33,104120,291],{"class":83},[33,104122,80],{"class":79},[33,104124,9462],{"class":47},[33,104126,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104128,199],{"class":39},[33,104130,310],{"class":47},[33,104132,102900],{"class":162},[33,104134,133],{"class":47},[33,104136,80],{"class":79},[33,104138,22231],{"class":83},[33,104140,80],{"class":79},[33,104142,3831],{"class":47},[33,104144,104145],{"class":1308},"   # safe\n",[33,104147,104148,104150,104152,104154],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104149,157],{"class":156},[33,104151,133],{"class":47},[33,104153,199],{"class":162},[33,104155,143],{"class":47},[14,104157,104158,104159,46062,104162,310],{},"If you use ",[30,104160,104161],{},"remove(\"z\")",[30,104163,19840],{},[664,104165,25770,104167,104169],{"id":104166},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[30,104168,102833],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104171,104172,102186],{},[30,104173,102833],{},[14,104175,16796],{},[23,104177,104179],{"className":25,"code":104178,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[30,104180,104181,104201],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104182,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104184,377],{"class":39},[33,104186,44],{"class":43},[33,104188,48],{"class":47},[33,104190,52],{"class":51},[33,104192,55],{"class":47},[33,104194,58],{"class":51},[33,104196,55],{"class":47},[33,104198,63],{"class":51},[33,104200,66],{"class":47},[33,104202,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211,104213],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104204,414],{"class":39},[33,104206,310],{"class":47},[33,104208,102900],{"class":162},[33,104210,133],{"class":47},[33,104212,2234],{"class":51},[33,104214,143],{"class":47},[14,104216,104217,104218,3061],{},"Use a set if you need ",[30,104219,102833],{},[23,104221,104223],{"className":25,"code":104222,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[30,104224,104225,104245,104259],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104228,377],{"class":39},[33,104230,44],{"class":43},[33,104232,10644],{"class":47},[33,104234,52],{"class":51},[33,104236,55],{"class":47},[33,104238,58],{"class":51},[33,104240,55],{"class":47},[33,104242,63],{"class":51},[33,104244,9462],{"class":47},[33,104246,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104248,414],{"class":39},[33,104250,310],{"class":47},[33,104252,102900],{"class":162},[33,104254,133],{"class":47},[33,104256,2234],{"class":51},[33,104258,143],{"class":47},[33,104260,104261,104263,104265,104267],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104262,157],{"class":156},[33,104264,133],{"class":47},[33,104266,414],{"class":162},[33,104268,143],{"class":47},[664,104270,104272],{"id":104271},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104274,104275],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104277,3013],{},[23,104279,104281],{"className":25,"code":104280,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[30,104282,104283,104303],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104284,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104286,1181],{"class":39},[33,104288,44],{"class":43},[33,104290,10644],{"class":47},[33,104292,52],{"class":51},[33,104294,55],{"class":47},[33,104296,58],{"class":51},[33,104298,55],{"class":47},[33,104300,63],{"class":51},[33,104302,9462],{"class":47},[33,104304,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104306,1230],{"class":39},[33,104308,310],{"class":47},[33,104310,102900],{"class":162},[33,104312,3162],{"class":47},[33,104314,2234],{"class":51},[33,104316,4059],{"class":47},[14,104318,104319],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[18,104321,9028],{"id":9027},[14,104323,9031,104324,104326],{},[30,104325,102833],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[23,104328,104330],{"className":25,"code":104329,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[30,104331,104332,104342,104356,104370],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104333,104334,104336,104338,104340],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104335,157],{"class":156},[33,104337,133],{"class":47},[33,104339,15818],{"class":162},[33,104341,143],{"class":47},[33,104343,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104345,157],{"class":156},[33,104347,133],{"class":47},[33,104349,1406],{"class":129},[33,104351,133],{"class":47},[33,104353,15818],{"class":162},[33,104355,733],{"class":47},[33,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104359,157],{"class":156},[33,104361,133],{"class":47},[33,104363,2622],{"class":162},[33,104365,4053],{"class":4046},[33,104367,96903],{"class":162},[33,104369,143],{"class":47},[33,104371,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,104373,32307],{"class":156},[33,104375,133],{"class":47},[33,104377,6446],{"class":129},[33,104379,310],{"class":47},[33,104381,102900],{"class":24904},[33,104383,143],{"class":47},[14,104385,11322],{},[316,104387,104388,104391,104394,104397],{},[319,104389,104390],{},"What is currently in the set",[319,104392,104393],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[319,104395,104396],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[319,104398,104399],{},"How Python documents the method",[18,104401,1961],{"id":1960},[664,104403,104405],{"id":104404},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104407,104408,104409,104411],{},"Nothing happens. ",[30,104410,102833],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[664,104413,2007,104415,12869],{"id":104414},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[30,104416,102838],{},[14,104418,5312,104419,104421],{},[30,104420,3950],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[664,104423,2027,104425,2030,104427,2033],{"id":104424},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[30,104426,102833],{},[30,104428,55674],{},[14,104430,104431,104432,26690,104434,104436,104437,104439],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[30,104433,55674],{},[30,104435,19840],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[30,104438,102833],{}," does not.",[664,104441,28481,104443,104445],{"id":104442},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[30,104444,102833],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104447,46519,104448,104450],{},[30,104449,102833],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[18,104452,2045],{"id":2044},[316,104454,104455,104461,104467,104472,104476],{},[319,104456,104457],{},[273,104458,96793,104459,887],{"href":98188},[30,104460,55674],{},[319,104462,104463],{},[273,104464,96793,104465,887],{"href":98193},[30,104466,12916],{},[319,104468,104469],{},[273,104470,104471],{"href":97862},"Python set: creating a set",[319,104473,104474],{},[273,104475,100328],{"href":98770},[319,104477,104478],{},[273,104479,11414],{"href":11227},[2097,104481,104482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":104484},[104485,104486,104488,104491,104496,104497,104498,104499,104501,104510,104511,104520],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":103010,"depth":69,"text":104487},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":104489},[104490],{"id":103083,"depth":110,"text":103084},{"id":103163,"depth":69,"text":104492,"children":104493},"What makes discard() different",[104494],{"id":103202,"depth":110,"text":104495},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103355,"depth":69,"text":103356},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":103726,"depth":69,"text":103727},{"id":103919,"depth":69,"text":104500},"When to use discard()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":104502},[104503,104505,104507,104509],{"id":103948,"depth":110,"text":104504},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104078,"depth":110,"text":104506},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104166,"depth":110,"text":104508},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104271,"depth":110,"text":104272},{"id":9027,"depth":69,"text":9028},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":104512},[104513,104514,104516,104518],{"id":104404,"depth":110,"text":104405},{"id":104414,"depth":110,"text":104515},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104424,"depth":110,"text":104517},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104442,"depth":110,"text":104519},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102825,"description":104521},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104528,"title":104529,"body":104530,"description":106536,"extension":2138,"meta":106537,"navigation":149,"path":106538,"seo":106539,"stem":106540,"__hash__":106541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104531,"toc":106494},[104532,104535,104543,104548,104559,104561,104616,104620,104640,104645,104649,104654,104656,104670,104672,104747,104749,104782,104787,104792,104794,104796,104811,104814,104822,104827,104842,104844,104933,104935,105024,105030,105034,105036,105074,105076,105100,105103,105118,105120,105175,105177,105210,105212,105217,105221,105225,105230,105295,105297,105317,105323,105327,105384,105386,105407,105411,105416,105461,105463,105496,105499,105503,105536,105538,105567,105571,105575,105578,105580,105599,105601,105647,105652,105666,105668,105699,105704,105707,105751,105753,105781,105785,105789,105805,105808,105873,105875,105887,105890,105894,105897,105902,105930,105932,105950,105956,105995,105997,106015,106021,106050,106052,106070,106073,106090,106092,106097,106101,106104,106130,106137,106142,106157,106166,106170,106173,106204,106210,106213,106222,106225,106227,106229,106287,106290,106315,106317,106321,106324,106328,106336,106340,106343,106347,106350,106352,106375,106377,106418,106425,106433,106436,106467,106469,106491],[10,104533,104529],{"id":104534},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104536,9279,104537,104539,104540,310],{},[30,104538,3968],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[205,104541,104542],{},"unique values only",[14,104544,35562,104545,104547],{},[30,104546,3968],{}," to:",[316,104549,104550,104553,104556],{},[319,104551,104552],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[319,104554,104555],{},"check whether a value exists",[319,104557,104558],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[18,104560,2180],{"id":2179},[23,104562,104564],{"className":25,"code":104563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[30,104565,104566,104590,104605],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104567,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104569,40],{"class":39},[33,104571,44],{"class":43},[33,104573,48],{"class":47},[33,104575,52],{"class":51},[33,104577,55],{"class":47},[33,104579,58],{"class":51},[33,104581,55],{"class":47},[33,104583,58],{"class":51},[33,104585,55],{"class":47},[33,104587,63],{"class":51},[33,104589,66],{"class":47},[33,104591,104592,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104593,104594],{"class":39},"unique_numbers ",[33,104596,44],{"class":43},[33,104598,15785],{"class":129},[33,104600,133],{"class":47},[33,104602,163],{"class":162},[33,104604,143],{"class":47},[33,104606,104607,104609,104611,104614],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104608,157],{"class":156},[33,104610,133],{"class":47},[33,104612,104613],{"class":162},"unique_numbers",[33,104615,143],{"class":47},[14,104617,104618],{},[205,104619,207],{},[23,104621,104622],{"className":25,"code":96586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,104623,104624],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104625,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104627,9432],{"class":47},[33,104629,52],{"class":51},[33,104631,55],{"class":47},[33,104633,58],{"class":51},[33,104635,55],{"class":47},[33,104637,63],{"class":51},[33,104639,9462],{"class":47},[14,104641,672,104642,104644],{},[30,104643,3968],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[18,104646,104648],{"id":104647},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104650,104651,104653],{},[30,104652,3968],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104655,30694],{},[316,104657,104658,104661,104664,104667],{},[319,104659,104660],{},"A set stores unique items only",[319,104662,104663],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[319,104665,104666],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[319,104668,104669],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104671,367],{},[23,104673,104675],{"className":25,"code":104674,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[30,104676,104677,104717,104732,104736],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104678,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104680,13229],{"class":39},[33,104682,44],{"class":43},[33,104684,48],{"class":47},[33,104686,80],{"class":79},[33,104688,13246],{"class":83},[33,104690,80],{"class":79},[33,104692,55],{"class":47},[33,104694,91],{"class":79},[33,104696,13263],{"class":83},[33,104698,80],{"class":79},[33,104700,55],{"class":47},[33,104702,91],{"class":79},[33,104704,13246],{"class":83},[33,104706,80],{"class":79},[33,104708,55],{"class":47},[33,104710,91],{"class":79},[33,104712,17608],{"class":83},[33,104714,80],{"class":79},[33,104716,66],{"class":47},[33,104718,104719,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104720,104721],{"class":39},"unique_colors ",[33,104723,44],{"class":43},[33,104725,15785],{"class":129},[33,104727,133],{"class":47},[33,104729,17655],{"class":162},[33,104731,143],{"class":47},[33,104733,104734],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104735,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,104737,104738,104740,104742,104745],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,104739,157],{"class":156},[33,104741,133],{"class":47},[33,104743,104744],{"class":162},"unique_colors",[33,104746,143],{"class":47},[14,104748,30183],{},[23,104750,104752],{"className":25,"code":104751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[30,104753,104754],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104755,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104757,9432],{"class":47},[33,104759,236],{"class":79},[33,104761,13263],{"class":83},[33,104763,236],{"class":79},[33,104765,55],{"class":47},[33,104767,245],{"class":79},[33,104769,17608],{"class":83},[33,104771,236],{"class":79},[33,104773,55],{"class":47},[33,104775,245],{"class":79},[33,104777,13246],{"class":83},[33,104779,236],{"class":79},[33,104781,9462],{"class":47},[14,104783,2462,104784,104786],{},[30,104785,65368],{}," appears only once.",[14,104788,104789,104790,310],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[273,104791,96307],{"href":96306},[18,104793,2334],{"id":2333},[14,104795,2337],{},[23,104797,104799],{"className":25,"code":104798,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set(iterable)\n",[30,104800,104801],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104802,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104804,6446],{"class":129},[33,104806,133],{"class":47},[33,104808,3892],{"class":162},[33,104810,143],{"class":47},[14,104812,104813],{},"The argument is optional.",[316,104815,104816,104819],{},[319,104817,104818],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[319,104820,104821],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104823,104824,104825,3061],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[30,104826,3968],{},[316,104828,104829,104831,104833,104835,104839],{},[319,104830,1879],{},[319,104832,1436],{},[319,104834,61149],{},[319,104836,104837],{},[30,104838,309],{},[319,104840,104841],{},"another set",[14,104843,2302],{},[23,104845,104847],{"className":25,"code":104846,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[30,104848,104849,104875,104897,104915],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104850,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104852,157],{"class":156},[33,104854,133],{"class":47},[33,104856,6446],{"class":129},[33,104858,3162],{"class":47},[33,104860,52],{"class":51},[33,104862,55],{"class":47},[33,104864,58],{"class":51},[33,104866,55],{"class":47},[33,104868,58],{"class":51},[33,104870,55],{"class":47},[33,104872,63],{"class":51},[33,104874,3175],{"class":47},[33,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104878,157],{"class":156},[33,104880,133],{"class":47},[33,104882,6446],{"class":129},[33,104884,1010],{"class":47},[33,104886,538],{"class":51},[33,104888,55],{"class":47},[33,104890,7949],{"class":51},[33,104892,55],{"class":47},[33,104894,393],{"class":51},[33,104896,1890],{"class":47},[33,104898,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104900,157],{"class":156},[33,104902,133],{"class":47},[33,104904,6446],{"class":129},[33,104906,133],{"class":47},[33,104908,80],{"class":79},[33,104910,545],{"class":83},[33,104912,80],{"class":79},[33,104914,733],{"class":47},[33,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,104918,157],{"class":156},[33,104920,133],{"class":47},[33,104922,6446],{"class":129},[33,104924,133],{"class":47},[33,104926,1080],{"class":156},[33,104928,133],{"class":47},[33,104930,2679],{"class":51},[33,104932,1890],{"class":47},[14,104934,30183],{},[23,104936,104938],{"className":25,"code":104937,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[30,104939,104940,104956,104968,105004],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,104941,104942,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,104943,9432],{"class":47},[33,104945,52],{"class":51},[33,104947,55],{"class":47},[33,104949,58],{"class":51},[33,104951,55],{"class":47},[33,104953,63],{"class":51},[33,104955,9462],{"class":47},[33,104957,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,104959,9432],{"class":47},[33,104961,538],{"class":51},[33,104963,55],{"class":47},[33,104965,7949],{"class":51},[33,104967,9462],{"class":47},[33,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,104971,9432],{"class":47},[33,104973,236],{"class":79},[33,104975,1550],{"class":83},[33,104977,236],{"class":79},[33,104979,55],{"class":47},[33,104981,245],{"class":79},[33,104983,1559],{"class":83},[33,104985,236],{"class":79},[33,104987,55],{"class":47},[33,104989,245],{"class":79},[33,104991,1568],{"class":83},[33,104993,236],{"class":79},[33,104995,55],{"class":47},[33,104997,245],{"class":79},[33,104999,1585],{"class":83},[33,105001,236],{"class":79},[33,105003,9462],{"class":47},[33,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105007,9432],{"class":47},[33,105009,1114],{"class":51},[33,105011,55],{"class":47},[33,105013,1119],{"class":51},[33,105015,55],{"class":47},[33,105017,58],{"class":51},[33,105019,55],{"class":47},[33,105021,63],{"class":51},[33,105023,9462],{"class":47},[14,105025,105026,105027,310],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[273,105028,105029],{"href":64823},"Python list() function explained",[18,105031,105033],{"id":105032},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105035,98259],{},[23,105037,105038],{"className":25,"code":99224,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105039,105040,105050,105060],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105041,105042,105044,105046,105048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105043,98269],{"class":39},[33,105045,44],{"class":43},[33,105047,15785],{"class":129},[33,105049,1671],{"class":47},[33,105051,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105053,157],{"class":156},[33,105055,133],{"class":47},[33,105057,98288],{"class":162},[33,105059,143],{"class":47},[33,105061,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105063,157],{"class":156},[33,105065,133],{"class":47},[33,105067,1406],{"class":129},[33,105069,133],{"class":47},[33,105071,98288],{"class":162},[33,105073,733],{"class":47},[14,105075,207],{},[23,105077,105078],{"className":25,"code":99267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105079,105080,105086],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105081,105082,105084],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105083,6446],{"class":129},[33,105085,1671],{"class":47},[33,105087,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105089,1427],{"class":43},[33,105091,1431],{"class":1430},[33,105093,245],{"class":79},[33,105095,6446],{"class":83},[33,105097,236],{"class":79},[33,105099,1441],{"class":43},[14,105101,105102],{},"This is important because:",[316,105104,105105,105110],{},[319,105106,105107,105109],{},[30,105108,3968],{}," creates an empty set",[319,105111,105112,105114,105115,105117],{},[30,105113,3963],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[205,105116,4796],{}," a set",[14,105119,367],{},[23,105121,105123],{"className":25,"code":105122,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[30,105124,105125,105135,105143,105147,105161],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105128,2729],{"class":39},[33,105130,44],{"class":43},[33,105132,15785],{"class":129},[33,105134,1671],{"class":47},[33,105136,105137,105139,105141],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105138,2757],{"class":39},[33,105140,44],{"class":43},[33,105142,9991],{"class":47},[33,105144,105145],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105146,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,105148,105149,105151,105153,105155,105157,105159],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105150,157],{"class":156},[33,105152,133],{"class":47},[33,105154,1406],{"class":129},[33,105156,133],{"class":47},[33,105158,273],{"class":162},[33,105160,733],{"class":47},[33,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169,105171,105173],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,105164,157],{"class":156},[33,105166,133],{"class":47},[33,105168,1406],{"class":129},[33,105170,133],{"class":47},[33,105172,282],{"class":162},[33,105174,733],{"class":47},[14,105176,207],{},[23,105178,105180],{"className":25,"code":105179,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[30,105181,105182,105196],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105183,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105194],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105185,1427],{"class":43},[33,105187,1431],{"class":1430},[33,105189,245],{"class":79},[33,105191,6446],{"class":83},[33,105193,236],{"class":79},[33,105195,1441],{"class":43},[33,105197,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105199,1427],{"class":43},[33,105201,1431],{"class":1430},[33,105203,245],{"class":79},[33,105205,8977],{"class":83},[33,105207,236],{"class":79},[33,105209,1441],{"class":43},[14,105211,14202],{},[14,105213,105214,105215,310],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[273,105216,104471],{"href":96310},[18,105218,105220],{"id":105219},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[664,105222,105224],{"id":105223},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105226,105227,105228,310],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[30,105229,3968],{},[23,105231,105233],{"className":25,"code":105232,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,105234,105235,105267,105281,105285],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105236,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105238,40],{"class":39},[33,105240,44],{"class":43},[33,105242,48],{"class":47},[33,105244,52],{"class":51},[33,105246,55],{"class":47},[33,105248,58],{"class":51},[33,105250,55],{"class":47},[33,105252,58],{"class":51},[33,105254,55],{"class":47},[33,105256,63],{"class":51},[33,105258,55],{"class":47},[33,105260,63],{"class":51},[33,105262,55],{"class":47},[33,105264,63],{"class":51},[33,105266,66],{"class":47},[33,105268,105269,105271,105273,105275,105277,105279],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105270,1506],{"class":39},[33,105272,44],{"class":43},[33,105274,15785],{"class":129},[33,105276,133],{"class":47},[33,105278,163],{"class":162},[33,105280,143],{"class":47},[33,105282,105283],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105284,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,105286,105287,105289,105291,105293],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105288,157],{"class":156},[33,105290,133],{"class":47},[33,105292,1530],{"class":162},[33,105294,143],{"class":47},[14,105296,207],{},[23,105298,105299],{"className":25,"code":96586,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105300,105301],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105302,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105304,9432],{"class":47},[33,105306,52],{"class":51},[33,105308,55],{"class":47},[33,105310,58],{"class":51},[33,105312,55],{"class":47},[33,105314,63],{"class":51},[33,105316,9462],{"class":47},[14,105318,105319,105320,310],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[273,105321,99057],{"href":105322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[664,105324,105326],{"id":105325},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[23,105328,105330],{"className":25,"code":105329,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,105331,105332,105356,105370,105374],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105333,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350,105352,105354],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105335,1071],{"class":39},[33,105337,44],{"class":43},[33,105339,1381],{"class":47},[33,105341,1085],{"class":51},[33,105343,55],{"class":47},[33,105345,4770],{"class":51},[33,105347,55],{"class":47},[33,105349,393],{"class":51},[33,105351,55],{"class":47},[33,105353,38091],{"class":51},[33,105355,143],{"class":47},[33,105357,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105359,1506],{"class":39},[33,105361,44],{"class":43},[33,105363,15785],{"class":129},[33,105365,133],{"class":47},[33,105367,1096],{"class":162},[33,105369,143],{"class":47},[33,105371,105372],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105373,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,105375,105376,105378,105380,105382],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105377,157],{"class":156},[33,105379,133],{"class":47},[33,105381,1530],{"class":162},[33,105383,143],{"class":47},[14,105385,207],{},[23,105387,105389],{"className":25,"code":105388,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[30,105390,105391],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105392,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105394,9432],{"class":47},[33,105396,1085],{"class":51},[33,105398,55],{"class":47},[33,105400,393],{"class":51},[33,105402,55],{"class":47},[33,105404,38091],{"class":51},[33,105406,9462],{"class":47},[664,105408,105410],{"id":105409},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105412,51280,105413,105415],{},[30,105414,3968],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[23,105417,105419],{"className":25,"code":105418,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,105420,105421,105433,105447,105451],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105422,105423,105425,105427,105429,105431],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105424,34843],{"class":39},[33,105426,44],{"class":43},[33,105428,91],{"class":79},[33,105430,4255],{"class":83},[33,105432,3532],{"class":79},[33,105434,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105436,1506],{"class":39},[33,105438,44],{"class":43},[33,105440,15785],{"class":129},[33,105442,133],{"class":47},[33,105444,34864],{"class":162},[33,105446,143],{"class":47},[33,105448,105449],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105450,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,105452,105453,105455,105457,105459],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105454,157],{"class":156},[33,105456,133],{"class":47},[33,105458,1530],{"class":162},[33,105460,143],{"class":47},[14,105462,30183],{},[23,105464,105466],{"className":25,"code":105465,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[30,105467,105468],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105469,105470,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105471,9432],{"class":47},[33,105473,236],{"class":79},[33,105475,282],{"class":83},[33,105477,236],{"class":79},[33,105479,55],{"class":47},[33,105481,245],{"class":79},[33,105483,273],{"class":83},[33,105485,236],{"class":79},[33,105487,55],{"class":47},[33,105489,245],{"class":79},[33,105491,76006],{"class":83},[33,105493,236],{"class":79},[33,105495,9462],{"class":47},[14,105497,105498],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[664,105500,105502],{"id":105501},"from-range","From range()",[23,105504,105506],{"className":25,"code":105505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[30,105507,105508,105526],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105509,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105511,1506],{"class":39},[33,105513,44],{"class":43},[33,105515,15785],{"class":129},[33,105517,133],{"class":47},[33,105519,1080],{"class":156},[33,105521,133],{"class":47},[33,105523,1085],{"class":51},[33,105525,733],{"class":47},[33,105527,105528,105530,105532,105534],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105529,157],{"class":156},[33,105531,133],{"class":47},[33,105533,1530],{"class":162},[33,105535,143],{"class":47},[14,105537,207],{},[23,105539,105541],{"className":25,"code":105540,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,105542,105543],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105544,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105546,9432],{"class":47},[33,105548,1114],{"class":51},[33,105550,55],{"class":47},[33,105552,1119],{"class":51},[33,105554,55],{"class":47},[33,105556,58],{"class":51},[33,105558,55],{"class":47},[33,105560,63],{"class":51},[33,105562,55],{"class":47},[33,105564,1132],{"class":51},[33,105566,9462],{"class":47},[18,105568,105570],{"id":105569},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105572,99504,105573,310],{},[205,105574,96350],{},[14,105576,105577],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105579,99510],{},[316,105581,105582,105586,105590,105594],{},[319,105583,105584],{},[30,105585,2366],{},[319,105587,105588],{},[30,105589,3617],{},[319,105591,105592],{},[30,105593,2369],{},[319,105595,105596,105598],{},[30,105597,1436],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105600,367],{},[23,105602,105604],{"className":25,"code":105603,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[30,105605,105606,105637],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105607,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105609,377],{"class":39},[33,105611,44],{"class":43},[33,105613,10644],{"class":47},[33,105615,52],{"class":51},[33,105617,55],{"class":47},[33,105619,91],{"class":79},[33,105621,545],{"class":83},[33,105623,80],{"class":79},[33,105625,55],{"class":47},[33,105627,1381],{"class":47},[33,105629,538],{"class":51},[33,105631,55],{"class":47},[33,105633,7949],{"class":51},[33,105635,105636],{"class":47},")}\n",[33,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105640,157],{"class":156},[33,105642,133],{"class":47},[33,105644,414],{"class":162},[33,105646,143],{"class":47},[14,105648,99572,105649,105651],{},[205,105650,4796],{}," work inside a set:",[316,105653,105654,105658,105662],{},[319,105655,105656],{},[30,105657,1879],{},[319,105659,105660],{},[30,105661,8977],{},[319,105663,105664],{},[30,105665,6446],{},[14,105667,97075],{},[23,105669,105671],{"className":25,"code":105670,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[30,105672,105673],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105674,105675,105677,105679,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105676,99591],{"class":39},[33,105678,44],{"class":43},[33,105680,99596],{"class":47},[33,105682,52],{"class":51},[33,105684,55],{"class":47},[33,105686,58],{"class":51},[33,105688,18215],{"class":47},[33,105690,48],{"class":47},[33,105692,2240],{"class":51},[33,105694,55],{"class":47},[33,105696,1132],{"class":51},[33,105698,13859],{"class":47},[14,105700,76834,105701,105703],{},[30,105702,3181],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105705,105706],{},"A safer example:",[23,105708,105710],{"className":25,"code":105709,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[30,105711,105712,105740],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105713,105714,105717,105719,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105715,105716],{"class":39},"good_set ",[33,105718,44],{"class":43},[33,105720,105721],{"class":47}," {(",[33,105723,52],{"class":51},[33,105725,55],{"class":47},[33,105727,58],{"class":51},[33,105729,9388],{"class":47},[33,105731,1381],{"class":47},[33,105733,2240],{"class":51},[33,105735,55],{"class":47},[33,105737,1132],{"class":51},[33,105739,105636],{"class":47},[33,105741,105742,105744,105746,105749],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105743,157],{"class":156},[33,105745,133],{"class":47},[33,105747,105748],{"class":162},"good_set",[33,105750,143],{"class":47},[14,105752,207],{},[23,105754,105756],{"className":25,"code":105755,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[30,105757,105758],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105759,105760,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105761,105762],{"class":47},"{(",[33,105764,52],{"class":51},[33,105766,55],{"class":47},[33,105768,58],{"class":51},[33,105770,9388],{"class":47},[33,105772,1381],{"class":47},[33,105774,2240],{"class":51},[33,105776,55],{"class":47},[33,105778,1132],{"class":51},[33,105780,105636],{"class":47},[18,105782,105784],{"id":105783},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105786,672,105787,10755],{},[30,105788,3968],{},[316,105790,105791,105794,105799,105802],{},[319,105792,105793],{},"you need unique values only",[319,105795,105796,105797],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[30,105798,4053],{},[319,105800,105801],{},"order does not matter",[319,105803,105804],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105806,105807],{},"Example of membership checking:",[23,105809,105811],{"className":25,"code":105810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[30,105812,105813,105838,105842,105858],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105814,105815,105818,105820,105822,105824,105826,105828,105831,105833,105836],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105816,105817],{"class":39},"allowed_ids ",[33,105819,44],{"class":43},[33,105821,15785],{"class":129},[33,105823,3162],{"class":47},[33,105825,46746],{"class":51},[33,105827,55],{"class":47},[33,105829,105830],{"class":51}," 102",[33,105832,55],{"class":47},[33,105834,105835],{"class":51}," 103",[33,105837,4059],{"class":47},[33,105839,105840],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105841,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,105843,105844,105846,105848,105851,105853,105856],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,105845,157],{"class":156},[33,105847,133],{"class":47},[33,105849,105850],{"class":51},"102",[33,105852,21327],{"class":4046},[33,105854,105855],{"class":162}," allowed_ids",[33,105857,143],{"class":47},[33,105859,105860,105862,105864,105867,105869,105871],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,105861,157],{"class":156},[33,105863,133],{"class":47},[33,105865,105866],{"class":51},"999",[33,105868,21327],{"class":4046},[33,105870,105855],{"class":162},[33,105872,143],{"class":47},[14,105874,207],{},[23,105876,105877],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105878,105879,105883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105880,105881],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105882,4148],{"class":398},[33,105884,105885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105886,4209],{"class":398},[14,105888,105889],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[18,105891,105893],{"id":105892},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105895,105896],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[664,105898,672,105900,98201],{"id":105899},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[30,105901,3968],{},[23,105903,105904],{"className":25,"code":98262,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105905,105906,105916],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105907,105908,105910,105912,105914],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105909,98269],{"class":39},[33,105911,44],{"class":43},[33,105913,15785],{"class":129},[33,105915,1671],{"class":47},[33,105917,105918,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105919,157],{"class":156},[33,105921,133],{"class":47},[33,105923,1406],{"class":129},[33,105925,133],{"class":47},[33,105927,98288],{"class":162},[33,105929,733],{"class":47},[14,105931,207],{},[23,105933,105934],{"className":25,"code":9008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,105935,105936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105937,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105939,1427],{"class":43},[33,105941,1431],{"class":1430},[33,105943,245],{"class":79},[33,105945,6446],{"class":83},[33,105947,236],{"class":79},[33,105949,1441],{"class":43},[664,105951,672,105953,105955],{"id":105952},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[30,105954,100261],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[23,105957,105959],{"className":25,"code":105958,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[30,105960,105961,105981],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,105962,105963,105965,105967,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,105964,40],{"class":39},[33,105966,44],{"class":43},[33,105968,10644],{"class":47},[33,105970,52],{"class":51},[33,105972,55],{"class":47},[33,105974,58],{"class":51},[33,105976,55],{"class":47},[33,105978,63],{"class":51},[33,105980,9462],{"class":47},[33,105982,105983,105985,105987,105989,105991,105993],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,105984,157],{"class":156},[33,105986,133],{"class":47},[33,105988,1406],{"class":129},[33,105990,133],{"class":47},[33,105992,163],{"class":162},[33,105994,733],{"class":47},[14,105996,207],{},[23,105998,105999],{"className":25,"code":9008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,106000,106001],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106002,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106004,1427],{"class":43},[33,106006,1431],{"class":1430},[33,106008,245],{"class":79},[33,106010,6446],{"class":83},[33,106012,236],{"class":79},[33,106014,1441],{"class":43},[664,106016,672,106018,106020],{"id":106017},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[30,106019,3963],{}," for an empty dictionary",[23,106022,106024],{"className":25,"code":106023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[30,106025,106026,106035],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106027,106028,106031,106033],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106029,106030],{"class":39},"empty_dict ",[33,106032,44],{"class":43},[33,106034,9991],{"class":47},[33,106036,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045,106048],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106038,157],{"class":156},[33,106040,133],{"class":47},[33,106042,1406],{"class":129},[33,106044,133],{"class":47},[33,106046,106047],{"class":162},"empty_dict",[33,106049,733],{"class":47},[14,106051,207],{},[23,106053,106054],{"className":25,"code":8964,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,106055,106056],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106057,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106059,1427],{"class":43},[33,106061,1431],{"class":1430},[33,106063,245],{"class":79},[33,106065,8977],{"class":83},[33,106067,236],{"class":79},[33,106069,1441],{"class":43},[14,106071,106072],{},"So the rule is simple:",[316,106074,106075,106080,106085],{},[319,106076,106077,106079],{},[30,106078,3968],{}," → empty set",[319,106081,106082,106084],{},[30,106083,100261],{}," → non-empty set",[319,106086,106087,106089],{},[30,106088,3963],{}," → empty dictionary",[18,106091,3006],{"id":3005},[14,106093,106094,106095,310],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[30,106096,3968],{},[664,106098,1357,106099,99859],{"id":99856},[30,106100,3963],{},[14,106102,106103],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[23,106105,106106],{"className":25,"code":99865,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,106107,106108,106116],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106109,106110,106112,106114],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106111,2622],{"class":39},[33,106113,44],{"class":43},[33,106115,9991],{"class":47},[33,106117,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106119,157],{"class":156},[33,106121,133],{"class":47},[33,106123,1406],{"class":129},[33,106125,133],{"class":47},[33,106127,2647],{"class":162},[33,106129,733],{"class":47},[664,106131,106133,106134],{"id":106132},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[30,106135,106136],{},"set(5)",[14,106138,106139,106141],{},[30,106140,3968],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[23,106143,106145],{"className":25,"code":106144,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set(5)\n",[30,106146,106147],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106148,106149,106151,106153,106155],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106150,6446],{"class":129},[33,106152,133],{"class":47},[33,106154,1085],{"class":51},[33,106156,143],{"class":47},[14,106158,3178,106159,106161,106162,310],{},[30,106160,3181],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[273,106163,106165],{"href":106164},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[664,106167,106169],{"id":106168},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106171,106172],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[23,106174,106176],{"className":25,"code":106175,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[30,106177,106178],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106179,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106181,2622],{"class":39},[33,106183,44],{"class":43},[33,106185,99596],{"class":47},[33,106187,52],{"class":51},[33,106189,55],{"class":47},[33,106191,58],{"class":51},[33,106193,18215],{"class":47},[33,106195,48],{"class":47},[33,106197,2240],{"class":51},[33,106199,55],{"class":47},[33,106201,1132],{"class":51},[33,106203,13859],{"class":47},[664,106205,1487,106207,106209],{"id":106206},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[30,106208,3968],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106211,106212],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[664,106214,37358,106216,8860,106218,453,106220],{"id":106215},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[30,106217,3968],{},[30,106219,305],{},[30,106221,9276],{},[14,106223,106224],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[18,106226,1827],{"id":1826},[14,106228,11265],{},[23,106230,106232],{"className":25,"code":106231,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[30,106233,106234,106249,106259,106273],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106235,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106247],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106237,157],{"class":156},[33,106239,133],{"class":47},[33,106241,1406],{"class":129},[33,106243,133],{"class":47},[33,106245,106246],{"class":162},"my_value",[33,106248,733],{"class":47},[33,106250,106251,106253,106255,106257],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106252,157],{"class":156},[33,106254,133],{"class":47},[33,106256,106246],{"class":162},[33,106258,143],{"class":47},[33,106260,106261,106263,106265,106267,106269,106271],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,106262,157],{"class":156},[33,106264,133],{"class":47},[33,106266,1879],{"class":129},[33,106268,133],{"class":47},[33,106270,15818],{"class":162},[33,106272,733],{"class":47},[33,106274,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,106276,157],{"class":156},[33,106278,133],{"class":47},[33,106280,726],{"class":156},[33,106282,133],{"class":47},[33,106284,15818],{"class":162},[33,106286,733],{"class":47},[14,106288,106289],{},"What they help you see:",[316,106291,106292,106298,106303,106309],{},[319,106293,106294,106297],{},[30,106295,106296],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[319,106299,106300,90525],{},[30,106301,106302],{},"print(my_value)",[319,106304,106305,106308],{},[30,106306,106307],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[319,106310,106311,106314],{},[30,106312,106313],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[18,106316,1961],{"id":1960},[664,106318,106320],{"id":106319},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106322,106323],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[664,106325,106327],{"id":106326},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106329,672,106330,106332,106333,106335],{},[30,106331,3968],{},". Do not use ",[30,106334,3963],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[664,106337,106339],{"id":106338},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106341,106342],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[664,106344,106346],{"id":106345},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106348,106349],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106351,367],{},[23,106353,106355],{"className":25,"code":106354,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[30,106356,106357],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106358,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106360,157],{"class":156},[33,106362,133],{"class":47},[33,106364,6446],{"class":129},[33,106366,133],{"class":47},[33,106368,80],{"class":79},[33,106370,386],{"class":83},[33,106372,80],{"class":79},[33,106374,733],{"class":47},[14,106376,30183],{},[23,106378,106380],{"className":25,"code":106379,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[30,106381,106382],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106383,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106385,9432],{"class":47},[33,106387,236],{"class":79},[33,106389,273],{"class":83},[33,106391,236],{"class":79},[33,106393,55],{"class":47},[33,106395,245],{"class":79},[33,106397,14],{"class":83},[33,106399,236],{"class":79},[33,106401,55],{"class":47},[33,106403,245],{"class":79},[33,106405,1568],{"class":83},[33,106407,236],{"class":79},[33,106409,55],{"class":47},[33,106411,245],{"class":79},[33,106413,1559],{"class":83},[33,106415,236],{"class":79},[33,106417,9462],{"class":47},[664,106419,5322,106421,106424],{"id":106420},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[30,106422,106423],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106426,106427,28838,106429,106432],{},[30,106428,3968],{},[205,106430,106431],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106434,106435],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[23,106437,106439],{"className":25,"code":106438,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[30,106440,106441],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106442,106443,106445,106447,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106444,157],{"class":156},[33,106446,133],{"class":47},[33,106448,6446],{"class":129},[33,106450,3162],{"class":47},[33,106452,52],{"class":51},[33,106454,55],{"class":47},[33,106456,58],{"class":51},[33,106458,55],{"class":47},[33,106460,63],{"class":51},[33,106462,55],{"class":47},[33,106464,1132],{"class":51},[33,106466,3175],{"class":47},[18,106468,2045],{"id":2044},[316,106470,106471,106475,106479,106483,106487],{},[319,106472,106473],{},[273,106474,96307],{"href":96306},[319,106476,106477],{},[273,106478,104471],{"href":96310},[319,106480,106481],{},[273,106482,100323],{"href":105322},[319,106484,106485],{},[273,106486,105029],{"href":64823},[319,106488,106489],{},[273,106490,106165],{"href":106164},[2097,106492,106493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":106495},[106496,106497,106498,106499,106500,106506,106507,106508,106516,106526,106527,106535],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":104647,"depth":69,"text":104648},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":105032,"depth":69,"text":105033},{"id":105219,"depth":69,"text":105220,"children":106501},[106502,106503,106504,106505],{"id":105223,"depth":110,"text":105224},{"id":105325,"depth":110,"text":105326},{"id":105409,"depth":110,"text":105410},{"id":105501,"depth":110,"text":105502},{"id":105569,"depth":69,"text":105570},{"id":105783,"depth":69,"text":105784},{"id":105892,"depth":69,"text":105893,"children":106509},[106510,106512,106514],{"id":105899,"depth":110,"text":106511},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105952,"depth":110,"text":106513},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106017,"depth":110,"text":106515},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":106517},[106518,106519,106521,106522,106524],{"id":99856,"depth":110,"text":100364},{"id":106132,"depth":110,"text":106520},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106168,"depth":110,"text":106169},{"id":106206,"depth":110,"text":106523},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106215,"depth":110,"text":106525},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1826,"depth":69,"text":1827},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":106528},[106529,106530,106531,106532,106533],{"id":106319,"depth":110,"text":106320},{"id":106326,"depth":110,"text":106327},{"id":106338,"depth":110,"text":106339},{"id":106345,"depth":110,"text":106346},{"id":106420,"depth":110,"text":106534},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104529,"description":106536},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106543,"title":106544,"body":106545,"description":108060,"extension":2138,"meta":108061,"navigation":149,"path":108062,"seo":108063,"stem":108064,"__hash__":108065},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106546,"toc":108036},[106547,106553,106558,106561,106644,106649,106654,106659,106661,106674,106678,106680,106699,106702,106725,106728,106739,106741,106822,106824,106841,106843,106849,106852,106947,106949,106980,106982,106990,106992,106995,107106,107108,107133,107135,107157,107162,107167,107173,107282,107284,107300,107303,107306,107389,107391,107408,107416,107418,107422,107428,107519,107521,107554,107559,107566,107643,107645,107662,107668,107670,107674,107690,107693,107719,107721,107782,107784,107907,107909,107960,107966,107968,107973,107975,107981,107984,107988,107991,107995,107998,108008,108010,108033],[10,106548,2076,106550,2059],{"id":106549},"python-setintersection-method",[30,106551,106552],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106554,2155,106555,106557],{},[30,106556,106552],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106559,106560],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[23,106562,106564],{"className":25,"code":106563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[30,106565,106566,106586,106606,106610,106629,106639],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106567,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106569,2729],{"class":39},[33,106571,44],{"class":43},[33,106573,10644],{"class":47},[33,106575,52],{"class":51},[33,106577,55],{"class":47},[33,106579,58],{"class":51},[33,106581,55],{"class":47},[33,106583,63],{"class":51},[33,106585,9462],{"class":47},[33,106587,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106589,2757],{"class":39},[33,106591,44],{"class":43},[33,106593,10644],{"class":47},[33,106595,2234],{"class":51},[33,106597,55],{"class":47},[33,106599,63],{"class":51},[33,106601,55],{"class":47},[33,106603,1132],{"class":51},[33,106605,9462],{"class":47},[33,106607,106608],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,106609,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,106611,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106623,106625,106627],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,106613,1506],{"class":39},[33,106615,44],{"class":43},[33,106617,57031],{"class":39},[33,106619,310],{"class":47},[33,106621,106622],{"class":162},"intersection",[33,106624,133],{"class":47},[33,106626,282],{"class":162},[33,106628,143],{"class":47},[33,106630,106631,106633,106635,106637],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,106632,157],{"class":156},[33,106634,133],{"class":47},[33,106636,1530],{"class":162},[33,106638,143],{"class":47},[33,106640,106641],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,106642,106643],{"class":1308},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106645,672,106646,106648],{},[30,106647,102770],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[18,106650,13149,106652,13152],{"id":106651},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[30,106653,102770],{},[14,106655,106656,106658],{},[30,106657,102770],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106660,13205],{},[316,106662,106663,106666,106668,106671],{},[319,106664,106665],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[319,106667,100540],{},[319,106669,106670],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[319,106672,106673],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106675,96303,106676,310],{},[273,106677,96307],{"href":96306},[18,106679,2334],{"id":2333},[23,106681,106683],{"className":25,"code":106682,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[30,106684,106685],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106686,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106688,100564],{"class":39},[33,106690,310],{"class":47},[33,106692,106622],{"class":162},[33,106694,133],{"class":47},[33,106696,100573],{"class":162},[33,106698,143],{"class":47},[14,106700,106701],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[23,106703,106705],{"className":25,"code":106704,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[30,106706,106707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106710,100564],{"class":39},[33,106712,310],{"class":47},[33,106714,106622],{"class":162},[33,106716,133],{"class":47},[33,106718,100573],{"class":162},[33,106720,55],{"class":47},[33,106722,100600],{"class":162},[33,106724,143],{"class":47},[14,106726,106727],{},"Important notes:",[316,106729,106730,106733,106736],{},[319,106731,106732],{},"The result is always a new set",[319,106734,106735],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[319,106737,106738],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106740,367],{},[23,106742,106744],{"className":25,"code":106743,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[30,106745,106746,106770,106790,106794,106812],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106747,106748,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106749,2729],{"class":39},[33,106751,44],{"class":43},[33,106753,10644],{"class":47},[33,106755,52],{"class":51},[33,106757,55],{"class":47},[33,106759,58],{"class":51},[33,106761,55],{"class":47},[33,106763,63],{"class":51},[33,106765,55],{"class":47},[33,106767,1132],{"class":51},[33,106769,9462],{"class":47},[33,106771,106772,106774,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106773,2757],{"class":39},[33,106775,44],{"class":43},[33,106777,10644],{"class":47},[33,106779,2240],{"class":51},[33,106781,55],{"class":47},[33,106783,1132],{"class":51},[33,106785,55],{"class":47},[33,106787,4770],{"class":51},[33,106789,9462],{"class":47},[33,106791,106792],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,106793,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,106795,106796,106798,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,106797,1506],{"class":39},[33,106799,44],{"class":43},[33,106801,57031],{"class":39},[33,106803,310],{"class":47},[33,106805,106622],{"class":162},[33,106807,133],{"class":47},[33,106809,282],{"class":162},[33,106811,143],{"class":47},[33,106813,106814,106816,106818,106820],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,106815,157],{"class":156},[33,106817,133],{"class":47},[33,106819,1530],{"class":162},[33,106821,143],{"class":47},[14,106823,207],{},[23,106825,106827],{"className":25,"code":106826,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{3, 4}\n",[30,106828,106829],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106830,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106832,9432],{"class":47},[33,106834,2240],{"class":51},[33,106836,55],{"class":47},[33,106838,1132],{"class":51},[33,106840,9462],{"class":47},[18,106842,17571],{"id":17570},[14,106844,106845,22129,106847,310],{},[30,106846,102770],{},[205,106848,6446],{},[14,106850,106851],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[23,106853,106855],{"className":25,"code":106854,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,106856,106857,106877,106897,106901,106919,106923,106933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106858,106859,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106860,2729],{"class":39},[33,106862,44],{"class":43},[33,106864,10644],{"class":47},[33,106866,52],{"class":51},[33,106868,55],{"class":47},[33,106870,58],{"class":51},[33,106872,55],{"class":47},[33,106874,63],{"class":51},[33,106876,9462],{"class":47},[33,106878,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106880,2757],{"class":39},[33,106882,44],{"class":43},[33,106884,10644],{"class":47},[33,106886,2234],{"class":51},[33,106888,55],{"class":47},[33,106890,63],{"class":51},[33,106892,55],{"class":47},[33,106894,1132],{"class":51},[33,106896,9462],{"class":47},[33,106898,106899],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,106900,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,106902,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,106904,1506],{"class":39},[33,106906,44],{"class":43},[33,106908,57031],{"class":39},[33,106910,310],{"class":47},[33,106912,106622],{"class":162},[33,106914,133],{"class":47},[33,106916,282],{"class":162},[33,106918,143],{"class":47},[33,106920,106921],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,106922,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,106926,157],{"class":156},[33,106928,133],{"class":47},[33,106930,1530],{"class":162},[33,106932,143],{"class":47},[33,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,106936,157],{"class":156},[33,106938,133],{"class":47},[33,106940,1406],{"class":129},[33,106942,133],{"class":47},[33,106944,1530],{"class":162},[33,106946,733],{"class":47},[14,106948,207],{},[23,106950,106952],{"className":25,"code":106951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[30,106953,106954,106966],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,106957,9432],{"class":47},[33,106959,2234],{"class":51},[33,106961,55],{"class":47},[33,106963,63],{"class":51},[33,106965,9462],{"class":47},[33,106967,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,106969,1427],{"class":43},[33,106971,1431],{"class":1430},[33,106973,245],{"class":79},[33,106975,6446],{"class":83},[33,106977,236],{"class":79},[33,106979,1441],{"class":43},[14,106981,85788],{},[316,106983,106984,106987],{},[319,106985,106986],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[319,106988,106989],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[18,106991,11627],{"id":11626},[14,106993,106994],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[23,106996,106998],{"className":25,"code":106997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[30,106999,107000,107033,107066,107070,107091,107095],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107001,107002,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107003,107004],{"class":39},"colors1 ",[33,107006,44],{"class":43},[33,107008,10644],{"class":47},[33,107010,80],{"class":79},[33,107012,13246],{"class":83},[33,107014,80],{"class":79},[33,107016,55],{"class":47},[33,107018,91],{"class":79},[33,107020,13263],{"class":83},[33,107022,80],{"class":79},[33,107024,55],{"class":47},[33,107026,91],{"class":79},[33,107028,17608],{"class":83},[33,107030,80],{"class":79},[33,107032,9462],{"class":47},[33,107034,107035,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107036,107037],{"class":39},"colors2 ",[33,107039,44],{"class":43},[33,107041,10644],{"class":47},[33,107043,80],{"class":79},[33,107045,17608],{"class":83},[33,107047,80],{"class":79},[33,107049,55],{"class":47},[33,107051,91],{"class":79},[33,107053,22678],{"class":83},[33,107055,80],{"class":79},[33,107057,55],{"class":47},[33,107059,91],{"class":79},[33,107061,13263],{"class":83},[33,107063,80],{"class":79},[33,107065,9462],{"class":47},[33,107067,107068],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107069,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107071,107072,107075,107077,107080,107082,107084,107086,107089],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107073,107074],{"class":39},"common_colors ",[33,107076,44],{"class":43},[33,107078,107079],{"class":39}," colors1",[33,107081,310],{"class":47},[33,107083,106622],{"class":162},[33,107085,133],{"class":47},[33,107087,107088],{"class":162},"colors2",[33,107090,143],{"class":47},[33,107092,107093],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,107094,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107096,107097,107099,107101,107104],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,107098,157],{"class":156},[33,107100,133],{"class":47},[33,107102,107103],{"class":162},"common_colors",[33,107105,143],{"class":47},[14,107107,207],{},[23,107109,107111],{"className":25,"code":107110,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[30,107112,107113],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107114,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107116,9432],{"class":47},[33,107118,236],{"class":79},[33,107120,13263],{"class":83},[33,107122,236],{"class":79},[33,107124,55],{"class":47},[33,107126,245],{"class":79},[33,107128,17608],{"class":83},[33,107130,236],{"class":79},[33,107132,9462],{"class":47},[14,107134,11836],{},[316,107136,107137,107143,107147,107152],{},[319,107138,107139,107142],{},[30,107140,107141],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[319,107144,107145,107142],{},[30,107146,107088],{},[319,107148,107149,107151],{},[30,107150,102770],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[319,107153,107154,107155],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[30,107156,107103],{},[18,107158,1357,107160,101137],{"id":107159},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[30,107161,102770],{},[14,107163,107164,107165,310],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[30,107166,102770],{},[14,107168,107169,107170,107172],{},"Only the values found in ",[205,107171,3887],{}," inputs will be kept.",[23,107174,107176],{"className":25,"code":107175,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[30,107177,107178,107202,107226,107246,107250,107272],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107179,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107181,2729],{"class":39},[33,107183,44],{"class":43},[33,107185,10644],{"class":47},[33,107187,52],{"class":51},[33,107189,55],{"class":47},[33,107191,58],{"class":51},[33,107193,55],{"class":47},[33,107195,63],{"class":51},[33,107197,55],{"class":47},[33,107199,1132],{"class":51},[33,107201,9462],{"class":47},[33,107203,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107205,2757],{"class":39},[33,107207,44],{"class":43},[33,107209,10644],{"class":47},[33,107211,2234],{"class":51},[33,107213,55],{"class":47},[33,107215,63],{"class":51},[33,107217,55],{"class":47},[33,107219,1132],{"class":51},[33,107221,55],{"class":47},[33,107223,4770],{"class":51},[33,107225,9462],{"class":47},[33,107227,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107229,83162],{"class":39},[33,107231,44],{"class":43},[33,107233,10644],{"class":47},[33,107235,2240],{"class":51},[33,107237,55],{"class":47},[33,107239,1132],{"class":51},[33,107241,55],{"class":47},[33,107243,37798],{"class":51},[33,107245,9462],{"class":47},[33,107247,107248],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107249,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,107253,1506],{"class":39},[33,107255,44],{"class":43},[33,107257,57031],{"class":39},[33,107259,310],{"class":47},[33,107261,106622],{"class":162},[33,107263,133],{"class":47},[33,107265,282],{"class":162},[33,107267,55],{"class":47},[33,107269,9835],{"class":162},[33,107271,143],{"class":47},[33,107273,107274,107276,107278,107280],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,107275,157],{"class":156},[33,107277,133],{"class":47},[33,107279,1530],{"class":162},[33,107281,143],{"class":47},[14,107283,207],{},[23,107285,107286],{"className":25,"code":106826,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,107287,107288],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107289,107290,107292,107294,107296,107298],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107291,9432],{"class":47},[33,107293,2240],{"class":51},[33,107295,55],{"class":47},[33,107297,1132],{"class":51},[33,107299,9462],{"class":47},[14,107301,107302],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107304,107305],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[23,107307,107309],{"className":25,"code":107308,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[30,107310,107311,107335,107339,107379],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107312,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107314,2729],{"class":39},[33,107316,44],{"class":43},[33,107318,10644],{"class":47},[33,107320,52],{"class":51},[33,107322,55],{"class":47},[33,107324,58],{"class":51},[33,107326,55],{"class":47},[33,107328,63],{"class":51},[33,107330,55],{"class":47},[33,107332,1132],{"class":51},[33,107334,9462],{"class":47},[33,107336,107337],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107338,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107340,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107342,1506],{"class":39},[33,107344,44],{"class":43},[33,107346,57031],{"class":39},[33,107348,310],{"class":47},[33,107350,106622],{"class":162},[33,107352,3162],{"class":47},[33,107354,2234],{"class":51},[33,107356,55],{"class":47},[33,107358,1132],{"class":51},[33,107360,55],{"class":47},[33,107362,37798],{"class":51},[33,107364,18215],{"class":47},[33,107366,1381],{"class":47},[33,107368,52],{"class":51},[33,107370,55],{"class":47},[33,107372,58],{"class":51},[33,107374,55],{"class":47},[33,107376,1132],{"class":51},[33,107378,733],{"class":47},[33,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107382,157],{"class":156},[33,107384,133],{"class":47},[33,107386,1530],{"class":162},[33,107388,143],{"class":47},[14,107390,207],{},[23,107392,107394],{"className":25,"code":107393,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{2, 4}\n",[30,107395,107396],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107397,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107399,9432],{"class":47},[33,107401,2234],{"class":51},[33,107403,55],{"class":47},[33,107405,1132],{"class":51},[33,107407,9462],{"class":47},[18,107409,107411,10739,107413],{"id":107410},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[30,107412,102770],{},[30,107414,107415],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107417,101307],{},[664,107419,107420],{"id":106622},[30,107421,102770],{},[316,107423,107424,107426],{},[319,107425,101316],{},[319,107427,101319],{},[23,107429,107431],{"className":25,"code":107430,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[30,107432,107433,107453,107473,107477,107495,107499,107509],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107436,2729],{"class":39},[33,107438,44],{"class":43},[33,107440,10644],{"class":47},[33,107442,52],{"class":51},[33,107444,55],{"class":47},[33,107446,58],{"class":51},[33,107448,55],{"class":47},[33,107450,63],{"class":51},[33,107452,9462],{"class":47},[33,107454,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107456,2757],{"class":39},[33,107458,44],{"class":43},[33,107460,10644],{"class":47},[33,107462,2234],{"class":51},[33,107464,55],{"class":47},[33,107466,63],{"class":51},[33,107468,55],{"class":47},[33,107470,1132],{"class":51},[33,107472,9462],{"class":47},[33,107474,107475],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107476,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107478,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107480,1506],{"class":39},[33,107482,44],{"class":43},[33,107484,57031],{"class":39},[33,107486,310],{"class":47},[33,107488,106622],{"class":162},[33,107490,133],{"class":47},[33,107492,282],{"class":162},[33,107494,143],{"class":47},[33,107496,107497],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,107498,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107500,107501,107503,107505,107507],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,107502,157],{"class":156},[33,107504,133],{"class":47},[33,107506,273],{"class":162},[33,107508,143],{"class":47},[33,107510,107511,107513,107515,107517],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,107512,157],{"class":156},[33,107514,133],{"class":47},[33,107516,1530],{"class":162},[33,107518,143],{"class":47},[14,107520,207],{},[23,107522,107524],{"className":25,"code":107523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[30,107525,107526,107542],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107527,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107529,9432],{"class":47},[33,107531,52],{"class":51},[33,107533,55],{"class":47},[33,107535,58],{"class":51},[33,107537,55],{"class":47},[33,107539,63],{"class":51},[33,107541,9462],{"class":47},[33,107543,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107545,9432],{"class":47},[33,107547,2234],{"class":51},[33,107549,55],{"class":47},[33,107551,63],{"class":51},[33,107553,9462],{"class":47},[664,107555,107557],{"id":107556},"intersection_update",[30,107558,107415],{},[316,107560,107561,107563],{},[319,107562,101459],{},[319,107564,107565],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[23,107567,107569],{"className":25,"code":107568,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[30,107570,107571,107591,107611,107615,107629,107633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107572,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107574,2729],{"class":39},[33,107576,44],{"class":43},[33,107578,10644],{"class":47},[33,107580,52],{"class":51},[33,107582,55],{"class":47},[33,107584,58],{"class":51},[33,107586,55],{"class":47},[33,107588,63],{"class":51},[33,107590,9462],{"class":47},[33,107592,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107594,2757],{"class":39},[33,107596,44],{"class":43},[33,107598,10644],{"class":47},[33,107600,2234],{"class":51},[33,107602,55],{"class":47},[33,107604,63],{"class":51},[33,107606,55],{"class":47},[33,107608,1132],{"class":51},[33,107610,9462],{"class":47},[33,107612,107613],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107614,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107616,107617,107619,107621,107623,107625,107627],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107618,273],{"class":39},[33,107620,310],{"class":47},[33,107622,107556],{"class":162},[33,107624,133],{"class":47},[33,107626,282],{"class":162},[33,107628,143],{"class":47},[33,107630,107631],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,107632,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107634,107635,107637,107639,107641],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,107636,157],{"class":156},[33,107638,133],{"class":47},[33,107640,273],{"class":162},[33,107642,143],{"class":47},[14,107644,207],{},[23,107646,107648],{"className":25,"code":107647,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{2, 3}\n",[30,107649,107650],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107651,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107653,9432],{"class":47},[33,107655,2234],{"class":51},[33,107657,55],{"class":47},[33,107659,63],{"class":51},[33,107661,9462],{"class":47},[14,107663,107664,107665,107667],{},"Choose ",[30,107666,102770],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[18,107669,1288],{"id":1287},[14,107671,14887,107672,3061],{},[30,107673,102770],{},[316,107675,107676,107679,107682,107685],{},[319,107677,107678],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[319,107680,107681],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[319,107683,107684],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[319,107686,107687,107688],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[30,107689,102770],{},[14,107691,107692],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[316,107694,107695,107700,107703,107716],{},[319,107696,1357,107697,107699],{},[30,107698,102770],{}," when order matters",[319,107701,107702],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[319,107704,37358,107705,8860,107707,453,107712],{},[30,107706,102770],{},[273,107708,107710],{"href":107709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[30,107711,102778],{},[273,107713,107714],{"href":102819},[30,107715,100393],{},[319,107717,107718],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107720,30289],{},[23,107722,107724],{"className":25,"code":107723,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[30,107725,107726,107736,107750,107768],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107727,107728,107730,107732,107734],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107729,157],{"class":156},[33,107731,133],{"class":47},[33,107733,15818],{"class":162},[33,107735,143],{"class":47},[33,107737,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107739,157],{"class":156},[33,107741,133],{"class":47},[33,107743,1406],{"class":129},[33,107745,133],{"class":47},[33,107747,1530],{"class":162},[33,107749,733],{"class":47},[33,107751,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107753,157],{"class":156},[33,107755,133],{"class":47},[33,107757,100564],{"class":162},[33,107759,310],{"class":47},[33,107761,106622],{"class":162},[33,107763,133],{"class":47},[33,107765,100573],{"class":162},[33,107767,733],{"class":47},[33,107769,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107771,157],{"class":156},[33,107773,133],{"class":47},[33,107775,726],{"class":156},[33,107777,133],{"class":47},[33,107779,1530],{"class":162},[33,107781,733],{"class":47},[14,107783,367],{},[23,107785,107787],{"className":25,"code":107786,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[30,107788,107789,107813,107833,107837,107855,107859,107869,107879,107893],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107790,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107792,40],{"class":39},[33,107794,44],{"class":43},[33,107796,10644],{"class":47},[33,107798,52],{"class":51},[33,107800,55],{"class":47},[33,107802,58],{"class":51},[33,107804,55],{"class":47},[33,107806,58],{"class":51},[33,107808,55],{"class":47},[33,107810,63],{"class":51},[33,107812,9462],{"class":47},[33,107814,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107816,43702],{"class":39},[33,107818,44],{"class":43},[33,107820,10644],{"class":47},[33,107822,2234],{"class":51},[33,107824,55],{"class":47},[33,107826,63],{"class":51},[33,107828,55],{"class":47},[33,107830,1132],{"class":51},[33,107832,9462],{"class":47},[33,107834,107835],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107836,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851,107853],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107840,1506],{"class":39},[33,107842,44],{"class":43},[33,107844,4430],{"class":39},[33,107846,310],{"class":47},[33,107848,106622],{"class":162},[33,107850,133],{"class":47},[33,107852,30897],{"class":162},[33,107854,143],{"class":47},[33,107856,107857],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,107858,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,107860,107861,107863,107865,107867],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,107862,157],{"class":156},[33,107864,133],{"class":47},[33,107866,163],{"class":162},[33,107868,143],{"class":47},[33,107870,107871,107873,107875,107877],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,107872,157],{"class":156},[33,107874,133],{"class":47},[33,107876,1530],{"class":162},[33,107878,143],{"class":47},[33,107880,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,107882,157],{"class":156},[33,107884,133],{"class":47},[33,107886,1406],{"class":129},[33,107888,133],{"class":47},[33,107890,1530],{"class":162},[33,107892,733],{"class":47},[33,107894,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,107896,157],{"class":156},[33,107898,133],{"class":47},[33,107900,726],{"class":156},[33,107902,133],{"class":47},[33,107904,1530],{"class":162},[33,107906,733],{"class":47},[14,107908,207],{},[23,107910,107912],{"className":25,"code":107911,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[30,107913,107914,107930,107942,107956],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,107915,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,107917,9432],{"class":47},[33,107919,52],{"class":51},[33,107921,55],{"class":47},[33,107923,58],{"class":51},[33,107925,55],{"class":47},[33,107927,63],{"class":51},[33,107929,9462],{"class":47},[33,107931,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,107933,9432],{"class":47},[33,107935,2234],{"class":51},[33,107937,55],{"class":47},[33,107939,63],{"class":51},[33,107941,9462],{"class":47},[33,107943,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,107945,1427],{"class":43},[33,107947,1431],{"class":1430},[33,107949,245],{"class":79},[33,107951,6446],{"class":83},[33,107953,236],{"class":79},[33,107955,1441],{"class":43},[33,107957,107958],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,107959,17209],{"class":51},[14,107961,107962,107963,107965],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[30,107964,2234],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[18,107967,1961],{"id":1960},[664,107969,12857,107971,102718],{"id":107970},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[30,107972,102770],{},[14,107974,102721],{},[664,107976,5334,107978,107980],{"id":107977},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[30,107979,102770],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107982,107983],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[664,107985,107987],{"id":107986},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107989,107990],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[664,107992,107994],{"id":107993},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107996,107997],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[23,107999,108000],{"className":25,"code":97437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,108001,108002],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108003,108004,108006],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108005,6446],{"class":129},[33,108007,1671],{"class":47},[18,108009,2045],{"id":2044},[316,108011,108012,108016,108023,108029],{},[319,108013,108014],{},[273,108015,96307],{"href":96306},[319,108017,108018],{},[273,108019,2076,108020,887],{"href":107709},[30,108021,108022],{},"set.union()",[319,108024,108025],{},[273,108026,2076,108027,887],{"href":102819},[30,108028,100398],{},[319,108030,108031],{},[273,108032,100323],{"href":105322},[2097,108034,108035],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":108037},[108038,108040,108041,108042,108043,108045,108050,108051,108059],{"id":106651,"depth":69,"text":108039},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":107159,"depth":69,"text":108044},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107410,"depth":69,"text":108046,"children":108047},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108048,108049],{"id":106622,"depth":110,"text":102770},{"id":107556,"depth":110,"text":107415},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":108052},[108053,108055,108057,108058],{"id":107970,"depth":110,"text":108054},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107977,"depth":110,"text":108056},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107986,"depth":110,"text":107987},{"id":107993,"depth":110,"text":107994},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106544,"description":108060},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108067,"title":108068,"body":108069,"description":109305,"extension":2138,"meta":109306,"navigation":149,"path":109307,"seo":109308,"stem":109309,"__hash__":109310},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108070,"toc":109272},[108071,108076,108082,108091,108093,108168,108173,108188,108198,108203,108207,108220,108224,108226,108241,108243,108259,108261,108336,108340,108343,108345,108362,108367,108422,108427,108439,108443,108446,108547,108549,108590,108593,108597,108604,108606,108631,108634,108652,108659,108665,108668,108750,108757,108760,108840,108849,108852,108857,108861,108875,108924,108929,108933,108944,108993,109004,109009,109013,109025,109074,109085,109087,109091,109114,109116,109173,109175,109189,109191,109197,109203,109209,109218,109222,109229,109233,109241,109243,109269],[10,108072,96179,108074,2059],{"id":108073},"python-set-pop-method",[30,108075,12916],{},[14,108077,108078,108081],{},[30,108079,108080],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108083,108084,108085,108087,108088,108090],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[205,108086,4796],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[30,108089,12916],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[18,108092,2180],{"id":2179},[23,108094,108096],{"className":25,"code":108095,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[30,108097,108098,108130,108144,108148,108158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108099,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108101,377],{"class":39},[33,108103,44],{"class":43},[33,108105,10644],{"class":47},[33,108107,80],{"class":79},[33,108109,386],{"class":83},[33,108111,80],{"class":79},[33,108113,55],{"class":47},[33,108115,91],{"class":79},[33,108117,4255],{"class":83},[33,108119,80],{"class":79},[33,108121,55],{"class":47},[33,108123,91],{"class":79},[33,108125,4264],{"class":83},[33,108127,80],{"class":79},[33,108129,9462],{"class":47},[33,108131,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108133,69910],{"class":39},[33,108135,44],{"class":43},[33,108137,6125],{"class":39},[33,108139,310],{"class":47},[33,108141,26393],{"class":162},[33,108143,1671],{"class":47},[33,108145,108146],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108147,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108149,108150,108152,108154,108156],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,108151,157],{"class":156},[33,108153,133],{"class":47},[33,108155,69933],{"class":162},[33,108157,143],{"class":47},[33,108159,108160,108162,108164,108166],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,108161,157],{"class":156},[33,108163,133],{"class":47},[33,108165,414],{"class":162},[33,108167,143],{"class":47},[14,108169,108170],{},[205,108171,108172],{},"What this does:",[316,108174,108175,108180,108185],{},[319,108176,108177,108178],{},"Removes one item from ",[30,108179,414],{},[319,108181,108182,108183],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[30,108184,69933],{},[319,108186,108187],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108189,108190,88939,108192,108194,108195,108197],{},[205,108191,83797],{},[30,108193,108080],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[205,108196,4796],{}," chosen by index.",[18,108199,3848,108201,3851],{"id":108200},"what-setpop-does",[30,108202,108080],{},[14,108204,108205,3061],{},[30,108206,108080],{},[316,108208,108209,108211,108214,108217],{},[319,108210,103021],{},[319,108212,108213],{},"Returns the removed item",[319,108215,108216],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[319,108218,108219],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108221,96303,108222,310],{},[273,108223,96307],{"href":97478},[18,108225,2334],{"id":2333},[23,108227,108229],{"className":25,"code":108228,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.pop()\n",[30,108230,108231],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108232,108233,108235,108237,108239],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108234,15818],{"class":39},[33,108236,310],{"class":47},[33,108238,26393],{"class":162},[33,108240,1671],{"class":47},[14,108242,13205],{},[316,108244,108245,108251,108256],{},[319,108246,108247,108248],{},"The syntax is ",[30,108249,108250],{},"my_set.pop()",[319,108252,108253,108254],{},"It takes ",[205,108255,28841],{},[319,108257,108258],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108260,367],{},[23,108262,108264],{"className":25,"code":108263,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[30,108265,108266,108298,108312,108316,108326],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108267,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292,108294,108296],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108269,13229],{"class":39},[33,108271,44],{"class":43},[33,108273,10644],{"class":47},[33,108275,80],{"class":79},[33,108277,13246],{"class":83},[33,108279,80],{"class":79},[33,108281,55],{"class":47},[33,108283,91],{"class":79},[33,108285,13263],{"class":83},[33,108287,80],{"class":79},[33,108289,55],{"class":47},[33,108291,91],{"class":79},[33,108293,17608],{"class":83},[33,108295,80],{"class":79},[33,108297,9462],{"class":47},[33,108299,108300,108302,108304,108306,108308,108310],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108301,28691],{"class":39},[33,108303,44],{"class":43},[33,108305,13277],{"class":39},[33,108307,310],{"class":47},[33,108309,26393],{"class":162},[33,108311,1671],{"class":47},[33,108313,108314],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108315,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108317,108318,108320,108322,108324],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,108319,157],{"class":156},[33,108321,133],{"class":47},[33,108323,23464],{"class":162},[33,108325,143],{"class":47},[33,108327,108328,108330,108332,108334],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,108329,157],{"class":156},[33,108331,133],{"class":47},[33,108333,17655],{"class":162},[33,108335,143],{"class":47},[18,108337,108339],{"id":108338},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108341,108342],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108344,2284],{},[316,108346,108347,108353,108356],{},[319,108348,108349,108350,108352],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[30,108351,12916],{}," removes",[319,108354,108355],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[319,108357,108358,108359,108361],{},"You should not use ",[30,108360,12916],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108363,10614,108364,108366],{},[205,108365,4796],{}," valid:",[23,108368,108370],{"className":25,"code":108369,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[30,108371,108372,108404],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108375,36392],{"class":39},[33,108377,44],{"class":43},[33,108379,10644],{"class":47},[33,108381,80],{"class":79},[33,108383,386],{"class":83},[33,108385,80],{"class":79},[33,108387,55],{"class":47},[33,108389,91],{"class":79},[33,108391,4255],{"class":83},[33,108393,80],{"class":79},[33,108395,55],{"class":47},[33,108397,91],{"class":79},[33,108399,4264],{"class":83},[33,108401,80],{"class":79},[33,108403,9462],{"class":47},[33,108405,108406,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108407,36444],{"class":39},[33,108409,310],{"class":47},[33,108411,26393],{"class":162},[33,108413,133],{"class":47},[33,108415,80],{"class":79},[33,108417,386],{"class":83},[33,108419,80],{"class":79},[33,108421,143],{"class":47},[14,108423,39808,108424,108426],{},[30,108425,108080],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108428,108429,108430,453,108434,310],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[273,108431,108432],{"href":98188},[30,108433,102847],{},[273,108435,108437],{"href":108436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[30,108438,102838],{},[18,108440,108442],{"id":108441},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108444,108445],{},"Here is a simple example:",[23,108447,108449],{"className":25,"code":108448,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[30,108450,108451,108485,108489,108505,108509,108528],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108452,108453,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108481,108483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108454,108455],{"class":39},"animals ",[33,108457,44],{"class":43},[33,108459,10644],{"class":47},[33,108461,80],{"class":79},[33,108463,37201],{"class":83},[33,108465,80],{"class":79},[33,108467,55],{"class":47},[33,108469,91],{"class":79},[33,108471,58271],{"class":83},[33,108473,80],{"class":79},[33,108475,55],{"class":47},[33,108477,91],{"class":79},[33,108479,108480],{"class":83},"rabbit",[33,108482,80],{"class":79},[33,108484,9462],{"class":47},[33,108486,108487],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108488,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108490,108491,108494,108496,108499,108501,108503],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108492,108493],{"class":39},"removed_animal ",[33,108495,44],{"class":43},[33,108497,108498],{"class":39}," animals",[33,108500,310],{"class":47},[33,108502,26393],{"class":162},[33,108504,1671],{"class":47},[33,108506,108507],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,108508,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108510,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108526],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,108512,157],{"class":156},[33,108514,133],{"class":47},[33,108516,80],{"class":79},[33,108518,29109],{"class":83},[33,108520,80],{"class":79},[33,108522,55],{"class":47},[33,108524,108525],{"class":162}," removed_animal",[33,108527,143],{"class":47},[33,108529,108530,108532,108534,108536,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,108531,157],{"class":156},[33,108533,133],{"class":47},[33,108535,80],{"class":79},[33,108537,108538],{"class":83},"Updated set:",[33,108540,80],{"class":79},[33,108542,55],{"class":47},[33,108544,108498],{"class":162},[33,108546,143],{"class":47},[14,108548,30183],{},[23,108550,108552],{"className":25,"code":108551,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[30,108553,108554,108563],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108555,108556,108558,108560],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108557,29151],{"class":39},[33,108559,3061],{"class":47},[33,108561,108562],{"class":39}," dog\n",[33,108564,108565,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108566,108567],{"class":39},"Updated ",[33,108569,6446],{"class":129},[33,108571,3061],{"class":47},[33,108573,10644],{"class":47},[33,108575,236],{"class":79},[33,108577,37201],{"class":83},[33,108579,236],{"class":79},[33,108581,55],{"class":47},[33,108583,245],{"class":79},[33,108585,108480],{"class":83},[33,108587,236],{"class":79},[33,108589,9462],{"class":47},[14,108591,108592],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[18,108594,108596],{"id":108595},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108598,29803,108599,108601,108602,310],{},[30,108600,12916],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[30,108603,19840],{},[14,108605,367],{},[23,108607,108609],{"className":25,"code":108608,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[30,108610,108611,108621],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108612,108613,108615,108617,108619],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108614,377],{"class":39},[33,108616,44],{"class":43},[33,108618,15785],{"class":129},[33,108620,1671],{"class":47},[33,108622,108623,108625,108627,108629],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108624,414],{"class":39},[33,108626,310],{"class":47},[33,108628,26393],{"class":162},[33,108630,1671],{"class":47},[14,108632,108633],{},"This raises:",[23,108635,108637],{"className":25,"code":108636,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[30,108638,108639],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108640,108641,108643,108645,108647,108650],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108642,19840],{"class":129},[33,108644,3061],{"class":47},[33,108646,245],{"class":79},[33,108648,108649],{"class":83},"pop from an empty set",[33,108651,29853],{"class":79},[14,108653,108654,108655,108658],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[273,108656,108657],{"href":11227},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[664,108660,108662,108663],{"id":108661},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[30,108664,12916],{},[14,108666,108667],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[23,108669,108671],{"className":25,"code":108670,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[30,108672,108673,108683,108687,108695,108710,108729,108735],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108674,108675,108677,108679,108681],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108676,377],{"class":39},[33,108678,44],{"class":43},[33,108680,15785],{"class":129},[33,108682,1671],{"class":47},[33,108684,108685],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108686,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108688,108689,108691,108693],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108690,7156],{"class":4046},[33,108692,6125],{"class":39},[33,108694,6553],{"class":47},[33,108696,108697,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,108698,108699],{"class":39},"    removed ",[33,108701,44],{"class":43},[33,108703,6125],{"class":39},[33,108705,310],{"class":47},[33,108707,26393],{"class":162},[33,108709,1671],{"class":47},[33,108711,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108727],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,108713,8227],{"class":156},[33,108715,133],{"class":47},[33,108717,80],{"class":79},[33,108719,29109],{"class":83},[33,108721,80],{"class":79},[33,108723,55],{"class":47},[33,108725,108726],{"class":162}," removed",[33,108728,143],{"class":47},[33,108730,108731,108733],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,108732,27586],{"class":4046},[33,108734,6553],{"class":47},[33,108736,108737,108739,108741,108743,108746,108748],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,108738,8227],{"class":156},[33,108740,133],{"class":47},[33,108742,80],{"class":79},[33,108744,108745],{"class":83},"The set is empty.",[33,108747,80],{"class":79},[33,108749,143],{"class":47},[664,108751,672,108753,2030,108755],{"id":108752},"use-try-and-except",[30,108754,29957],{},[30,108756,29988],{},[14,108758,108759],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[23,108761,108763],{"className":25,"code":108762,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[30,108764,108765,108775,108779,108785,108799,108817,108825],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108766,108767,108769,108771,108773],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108768,377],{"class":39},[33,108770,44],{"class":43},[33,108772,15785],{"class":129},[33,108774,1671],{"class":47},[33,108776,108777],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108778,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,108780,108781,108783],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108782,29957],{"class":4046},[33,108784,6553],{"class":47},[33,108786,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,108788,108699],{"class":39},[33,108790,44],{"class":43},[33,108792,6125],{"class":39},[33,108794,310],{"class":47},[33,108796,26393],{"class":162},[33,108798,1671],{"class":47},[33,108800,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809,108811,108813,108815],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,108802,8227],{"class":156},[33,108804,133],{"class":47},[33,108806,80],{"class":79},[33,108808,29109],{"class":83},[33,108810,80],{"class":79},[33,108812,55],{"class":47},[33,108814,108726],{"class":162},[33,108816,143],{"class":47},[33,108818,108819,108821,108823],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,108820,29988],{"class":4046},[33,108822,29991],{"class":129},[33,108824,6553],{"class":47},[33,108826,108827,108829,108831,108833,108836,108838],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,108828,8227],{"class":156},[33,108830,133],{"class":47},[33,108832,80],{"class":79},[33,108834,108835],{"class":83},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[33,108837,80],{"class":79},[33,108839,143],{"class":47},[18,108841,5127,108843,10739,108845,10739,108847],{"id":108842},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[30,108844,12916],{},[30,108846,55674],{},[30,108848,102833],{},[14,108850,108851],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[664,108853,672,108855],{"id":108854},"use-pop",[30,108856,12916],{},[14,108858,672,108859,10755],{},[30,108860,12916],{},[316,108862,108863,108869,108872],{},[319,108864,108865,108866],{},"You want to remove ",[205,108867,108868],{},"any one item",[319,108870,108871],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[319,108873,108874],{},"You want the removed item returned",[23,108876,108878],{"className":25,"code":108877,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[30,108879,108880,108900,108914],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108881,108882,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108883,40],{"class":39},[33,108885,44],{"class":43},[33,108887,10644],{"class":47},[33,108889,52],{"class":51},[33,108891,55],{"class":47},[33,108893,58],{"class":51},[33,108895,55],{"class":47},[33,108897,63],{"class":51},[33,108899,9462],{"class":47},[33,108901,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108903,2622],{"class":39},[33,108905,44],{"class":43},[33,108907,4430],{"class":39},[33,108909,310],{"class":47},[33,108911,26393],{"class":162},[33,108913,1671],{"class":47},[33,108915,108916,108918,108920,108922],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108917,157],{"class":156},[33,108919,133],{"class":47},[33,108921,2647],{"class":162},[33,108923,143],{"class":47},[664,108925,672,108927],{"id":108926},"use-remove",[30,108928,55674],{},[14,108930,672,108931,10755],{},[30,108932,55674],{},[316,108934,108935,108941],{},[319,108936,108937,108938],{},"You want to delete a ",[205,108939,108940],{},"specific item",[319,108942,108943],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[23,108945,108947],{"className":25,"code":108946,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,108948,108949,108969,108983],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,108952,40],{"class":39},[33,108954,44],{"class":43},[33,108956,10644],{"class":47},[33,108958,52],{"class":51},[33,108960,55],{"class":47},[33,108962,58],{"class":51},[33,108964,55],{"class":47},[33,108966,63],{"class":51},[33,108968,9462],{"class":47},[33,108970,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,108972,163],{"class":39},[33,108974,310],{"class":47},[33,108976,34950],{"class":162},[33,108978,133],{"class":47},[33,108980,2234],{"class":51},[33,108982,143],{"class":47},[33,108984,108985,108987,108989,108991],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,108986,157],{"class":156},[33,108988,133],{"class":47},[33,108990,163],{"class":162},[33,108992,143],{"class":47},[14,108994,108995,108996,108998,108999,109003],{},"If the item is missing, ",[30,108997,55674],{}," raises an error. See the ",[273,109000,109001,887],{"href":98188},[30,109002,102847],{}," for details.",[664,109005,672,109007],{"id":109006},"use-discard",[30,109008,102833],{},[14,109010,672,109011,10755],{},[30,109012,102833],{},[316,109014,109015,109019],{},[319,109016,108937,109017],{},[205,109018,108940],{},[319,109020,109021,109022,109024],{},"You do ",[205,109023,4796],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[23,109026,109028],{"className":25,"code":109027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,109029,109030,109050,109064],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109031,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109033,40],{"class":39},[33,109035,44],{"class":43},[33,109037,10644],{"class":47},[33,109039,52],{"class":51},[33,109041,55],{"class":47},[33,109043,58],{"class":51},[33,109045,55],{"class":47},[33,109047,63],{"class":51},[33,109049,9462],{"class":47},[33,109051,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109053,163],{"class":39},[33,109055,310],{"class":47},[33,109057,102900],{"class":162},[33,109059,133],{"class":47},[33,109061,1085],{"class":51},[33,109063,143],{"class":47},[33,109065,109066,109068,109070,109072],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109067,157],{"class":156},[33,109069,133],{"class":47},[33,109071,163],{"class":162},[33,109073,143],{"class":47},[14,109075,109076,109077,109079,109080,109084],{},"This does nothing if ",[30,109078,1085],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[273,109081,109082,887],{"href":108436},[30,109083,102838],{}," for more examples.",[18,109086,3006],{"id":3005},[14,109088,71456,109089,3061],{},[30,109090,108080],{},[316,109092,109093,109099,109104,109109],{},[319,109094,109095,109096],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[30,109097,109098],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[319,109100,1487,109101,109103],{},[30,109102,12916],{}," to remove the first or last item",[319,109105,29803,109106,109108],{},[30,109107,12916],{}," on an empty set",[319,109110,1357,109111,109113],{},[30,109112,12916],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109115,62270],{},[23,109117,109119],{"className":25,"code":109118,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[30,109120,109121,109131,109145,109159],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109122,109123,109125,109127,109129],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109124,157],{"class":156},[33,109126,133],{"class":47},[33,109128,15818],{"class":162},[33,109130,143],{"class":47},[33,109132,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109134,157],{"class":156},[33,109136,133],{"class":47},[33,109138,726],{"class":156},[33,109140,133],{"class":47},[33,109142,15818],{"class":162},[33,109144,733],{"class":47},[33,109146,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109148,157],{"class":156},[33,109150,133],{"class":47},[33,109152,1406],{"class":129},[33,109154,133],{"class":47},[33,109156,15818],{"class":162},[33,109158,733],{"class":47},[33,109160,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,109162,28691],{"class":39},[33,109164,44],{"class":43},[33,109166,96903],{"class":39},[33,109168,310],{"class":47},[33,109170,26393],{"class":162},[33,109172,1671],{"class":47},[14,109174,1893],{},[316,109176,109177,109180,109183,109186],{},[319,109178,109179],{},"What values are in the set",[319,109181,109182],{},"Whether the set is empty",[319,109184,109185],{},"That the object is really a set",[319,109187,109188],{},"What value was actually removed",[18,109190,1961],{"id":1960},[664,109192,12857,109194,109196],{"id":109193},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[30,109195,108080],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109198,109199,109200,109202],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[30,109201,12916],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[664,109204,109206,109207,2033],{"id":109205},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[30,109208,108080],{},[14,109210,109211,109212,109214,109215,109217],{},"No. Unlike list ",[30,109213,12916],{},", set ",[30,109216,12916],{}," does not accept an index.",[664,109219,109221],{"id":109220},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109223,71625,109224,44783,109226,109228],{},[30,109225,19840],{},[30,109227,12916],{}," is called on an empty set.",[664,109230,109232],{"id":109231},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109234,672,109235,453,109237,1361,109239,310],{},[30,109236,55674],{},[30,109238,102833],{},[30,109240,12916],{},[18,109242,2045],{"id":2044},[316,109244,109245,109249,109255,109261,109265],{},[319,109246,109247],{},[273,109248,96307],{"href":97478},[319,109250,109251],{},[273,109252,96793,109253,887],{"href":98188},[30,109254,55674],{},[319,109256,109257],{},[273,109258,96793,109259,887],{"href":108436},[30,109260,102833],{},[319,109262,109263],{},[273,109264,11414],{"href":11227},[319,109266,109267],{},[273,109268,55661],{"href":55214},[2097,109270,109271],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":109273},[109274,109275,109277,109278,109279,109280,109286,109295,109296,109304],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":108200,"depth":69,"text":109276},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":108338,"depth":69,"text":108339},{"id":108441,"depth":69,"text":108442},{"id":108595,"depth":69,"text":108596,"children":109281},[109282,109284],{"id":108661,"depth":110,"text":109283},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108752,"depth":110,"text":109285},"Use try and except",{"id":108842,"depth":69,"text":109287,"children":109288},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109289,109291,109293],{"id":108854,"depth":110,"text":109290},"Use pop()",{"id":108926,"depth":110,"text":109292},"Use remove()",{"id":109006,"depth":110,"text":109294},"Use discard()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":109297},[109298,109300,109302,109303],{"id":109193,"depth":110,"text":109299},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109205,"depth":110,"text":109301},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109220,"depth":110,"text":109221},{"id":109231,"depth":110,"text":109232},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108068,"description":109305},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109312,"title":109313,"body":109314,"description":110468,"extension":2138,"meta":110469,"navigation":149,"path":110470,"seo":110471,"stem":110472,"__hash__":110473},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109315,"toc":110436},[109316,109321,109326,109335,109337,109402,109406,109430,109437,109442,109446,109461,109464,109466,109485,109499,109502,109550,109554,109570,109572,109645,109649,109674,109680,109688,109692,109699,109754,109759,109776,109782,109788,109793,109801,109808,109812,109820,109875,109877,109894,109898,109905,109970,109974,110007,110009,110021,110028,110030,110035,110042,110044,110113,110117,110125,110127,110191,110195,110200,110247,110252,110320,110328,110335,110338,110344,110349,110353,110355,110358,110360,110365,110370,110376,110381,110388,110396,110402,110405,110407,110433],[10,109317,96179,109319,2059],{"id":109318},"python-set-remove-method",[30,109320,55674],{},[14,109322,109323,109325],{},[30,109324,102847],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109327,109328,109329,109332,109333,310],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[205,109330,109331],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[30,109334,19840],{},[18,109336,2180],{"id":2179},[23,109338,109340],{"className":25,"code":109339,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[30,109341,109342,109374,109392],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109343,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109345,13229],{"class":39},[33,109347,44],{"class":43},[33,109349,10644],{"class":47},[33,109351,80],{"class":79},[33,109353,13246],{"class":83},[33,109355,80],{"class":79},[33,109357,55],{"class":47},[33,109359,91],{"class":79},[33,109361,13263],{"class":83},[33,109363,80],{"class":79},[33,109365,55],{"class":47},[33,109367,91],{"class":79},[33,109369,17608],{"class":83},[33,109371,80],{"class":79},[33,109373,9462],{"class":47},[33,109375,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109377,17655],{"class":39},[33,109379,310],{"class":47},[33,109381,34950],{"class":162},[33,109383,133],{"class":47},[33,109385,80],{"class":79},[33,109387,13263],{"class":83},[33,109389,80],{"class":79},[33,109391,143],{"class":47},[33,109393,109394,109396,109398,109400],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109395,157],{"class":156},[33,109397,133],{"class":47},[33,109399,17655],{"class":162},[33,109401,143],{"class":47},[14,109403,109404],{},[205,109405,30183],{},[23,109407,109408],{"className":25,"code":103527,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,109409,109410],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109411,109412,109414,109416,109418,109420,109422,109424,109426,109428],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109413,9432],{"class":47},[33,109415,236],{"class":79},[33,109417,13246],{"class":83},[33,109419,236],{"class":79},[33,109421,55],{"class":47},[33,109423,245],{"class":79},[33,109425,17608],{"class":83},[33,109427,236],{"class":79},[33,109429,9462],{"class":47},[14,109431,672,109432,109434,109435,310],{},[30,109433,55674],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[30,109436,19840],{},[18,109438,3848,109440,3851],{"id":109439},"what-setremove-does",[30,109441,102847],{},[14,109443,109444,3061],{},[30,109445,102847],{},[316,109447,109448,109451,109453,109455],{},[319,109449,109450],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[319,109452,96294],{},[319,109454,96297],{},[319,109456,109457,109458,109460],{},"Raises ",[30,109459,19840],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109462,109463],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[18,109465,2334],{"id":2333},[23,109467,109469],{"className":25,"code":109468,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[30,109470,109471],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109474,15818],{"class":39},[33,109476,310],{"class":47},[33,109478,34950],{"class":162},[33,109480,133],{"class":47},[33,109482,2647],{"class":162},[33,109484,143],{"class":47},[316,109486,109487,109491,109496],{},[319,109488,109489,103069],{},[30,109490,15818],{},[319,109492,109493,109495],{},[30,109494,2647],{}," is the item to remove",[319,109497,109498],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109500,109501],{},"Here is a small example:",[23,109503,109504],{"className":25,"code":108946,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,109505,109506,109526,109540],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109507,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109509,40],{"class":39},[33,109511,44],{"class":43},[33,109513,10644],{"class":47},[33,109515,52],{"class":51},[33,109517,55],{"class":47},[33,109519,58],{"class":51},[33,109521,55],{"class":47},[33,109523,63],{"class":51},[33,109525,9462],{"class":47},[33,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109529,163],{"class":39},[33,109531,310],{"class":47},[33,109533,34950],{"class":162},[33,109535,133],{"class":47},[33,109537,2234],{"class":51},[33,109539,143],{"class":47},[33,109541,109542,109544,109546,109548],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109543,157],{"class":156},[33,109545,133],{"class":47},[33,109547,163],{"class":162},[33,109549,143],{"class":47},[14,109551,109552],{},[205,109553,30183],{},[23,109555,109556],{"className":25,"code":101277,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,109557,109558],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109559,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109561,9432],{"class":47},[33,109563,52],{"class":51},[33,109565,55],{"class":47},[33,109567,63],{"class":51},[33,109569,9462],{"class":47},[18,109571,11627],{"id":11626},[23,109573,109575],{"className":25,"code":109574,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[30,109576,109577,109609,109613,109631,109635],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109578,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109580,36392],{"class":39},[33,109582,44],{"class":43},[33,109584,10644],{"class":47},[33,109586,80],{"class":79},[33,109588,386],{"class":83},[33,109590,80],{"class":79},[33,109592,55],{"class":47},[33,109594,91],{"class":79},[33,109596,4255],{"class":83},[33,109598,80],{"class":79},[33,109600,55],{"class":47},[33,109602,91],{"class":79},[33,109604,33376],{"class":83},[33,109606,80],{"class":79},[33,109608,9462],{"class":47},[33,109610,109611],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109612,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,109614,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109616,36444],{"class":39},[33,109618,310],{"class":47},[33,109620,34950],{"class":162},[33,109622,133],{"class":47},[33,109624,80],{"class":79},[33,109626,4255],{"class":83},[33,109628,80],{"class":79},[33,109630,143],{"class":47},[33,109632,109633],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,109634,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,109636,109637,109639,109641,109643],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,109638,157],{"class":156},[33,109640,133],{"class":47},[33,109642,36444],{"class":162},[33,109644,143],{"class":47},[14,109646,109647],{},[205,109648,30183],{},[23,109650,109652],{"className":25,"code":109651,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[30,109653,109654],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109655,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109657,9432],{"class":47},[33,109659,236],{"class":79},[33,109661,386],{"class":83},[33,109663,236],{"class":79},[33,109665,55],{"class":47},[33,109667,245],{"class":79},[33,109669,33376],{"class":83},[33,109671,236],{"class":79},[33,109673,9462],{"class":47},[14,109675,109676,109677,109679],{},"This removes ",[30,109678,65250],{}," from the set.",[14,109681,109682,109683,109685,109686,310],{},"A set does ",[205,109684,4796],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[273,109687,96311],{"href":97862},[18,109689,109691],{"id":109690},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109693,109694,109695,52647,109697,310],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[30,109696,55674],{},[30,109698,19840],{},[23,109700,109702],{"className":25,"code":109701,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[30,109703,109704,109736],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109705,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109707,13229],{"class":39},[33,109709,44],{"class":43},[33,109711,10644],{"class":47},[33,109713,80],{"class":79},[33,109715,13246],{"class":83},[33,109717,80],{"class":79},[33,109719,55],{"class":47},[33,109721,91],{"class":79},[33,109723,13263],{"class":83},[33,109725,80],{"class":79},[33,109727,55],{"class":47},[33,109729,91],{"class":79},[33,109731,17608],{"class":83},[33,109733,80],{"class":79},[33,109735,9462],{"class":47},[33,109737,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109739,17655],{"class":39},[33,109741,310],{"class":47},[33,109743,34950],{"class":162},[33,109745,133],{"class":47},[33,109747,80],{"class":79},[33,109749,22678],{"class":83},[33,109751,80],{"class":79},[33,109753,143],{"class":47},[14,109755,109756],{},[205,109757,109758],{},"Result:",[23,109760,109762],{"className":25,"code":109761,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[30,109763,109764],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109765,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109767,19840],{"class":129},[33,109769,3061],{"class":47},[33,109771,245],{"class":79},[33,109773,22678],{"class":83},[33,109775,29853],{"class":79},[14,109777,22343,109778,109781],{},[30,109779,109780],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109783,109784,109785,109787],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[30,109786,55674],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109789,109790,109791,310],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[273,109792,11414],{"href":11227},[18,109794,4365,109796,109798,109799],{"id":109795},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[30,109797,55674],{}," is different from ",[30,109800,102833],{},[14,109802,109803,2030,109805,109807],{},[30,109804,55674],{},[30,109806,102833],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[664,109809,109810],{"id":34950},[30,109811,55674],{},[316,109813,109814,109817],{},[319,109815,109816],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[319,109818,109819],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[23,109821,109823],{"className":25,"code":109822,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[30,109824,109825,109857],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109826,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109828,124],{"class":39},[33,109830,44],{"class":43},[33,109832,10644],{"class":47},[33,109834,80],{"class":79},[33,109836,273],{"class":83},[33,109838,80],{"class":79},[33,109840,55],{"class":47},[33,109842,91],{"class":79},[33,109844,282],{"class":83},[33,109846,80],{"class":79},[33,109848,55],{"class":47},[33,109850,91],{"class":79},[33,109852,291],{"class":83},[33,109854,80],{"class":79},[33,109856,9462],{"class":47},[33,109858,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109860,199],{"class":39},[33,109862,310],{"class":47},[33,109864,34950],{"class":162},[33,109866,133],{"class":47},[33,109868,80],{"class":79},[33,109870,1634],{"class":83},[33,109872,80],{"class":79},[33,109874,143],{"class":47},[14,109876,108633],{},[23,109878,109880],{"className":25,"code":109879,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[30,109881,109882],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109883,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109885,19840],{"class":129},[33,109887,3061],{"class":47},[33,109889,245],{"class":79},[33,109891,1634],{"class":83},[33,109893,29853],{"class":79},[664,109895,109896],{"id":102900},[30,109897,102833],{},[316,109899,109900,109902],{},[319,109901,109816],{},[319,109903,109904],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[23,109906,109908],{"className":25,"code":109907,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,109909,109910,109942,109960],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109911,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109913,124],{"class":39},[33,109915,44],{"class":43},[33,109917,10644],{"class":47},[33,109919,80],{"class":79},[33,109921,273],{"class":83},[33,109923,80],{"class":79},[33,109925,55],{"class":47},[33,109927,91],{"class":79},[33,109929,282],{"class":83},[33,109931,80],{"class":79},[33,109933,55],{"class":47},[33,109935,91],{"class":79},[33,109937,291],{"class":83},[33,109939,80],{"class":79},[33,109941,9462],{"class":47},[33,109943,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,109945,199],{"class":39},[33,109947,310],{"class":47},[33,109949,102900],{"class":162},[33,109951,133],{"class":47},[33,109953,80],{"class":79},[33,109955,1634],{"class":83},[33,109957,80],{"class":79},[33,109959,143],{"class":47},[33,109961,109962,109964,109966,109968],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,109963,157],{"class":156},[33,109965,133],{"class":47},[33,109967,199],{"class":162},[33,109969,143],{"class":47},[14,109971,109972],{},[205,109973,207],{},[23,109975,109977],{"className":25,"code":109976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[30,109978,109979],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,109980,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,109982,9432],{"class":47},[33,109984,236],{"class":79},[33,109986,273],{"class":83},[33,109988,236],{"class":79},[33,109990,55],{"class":47},[33,109992,245],{"class":79},[33,109994,282],{"class":83},[33,109996,236],{"class":79},[33,109998,55],{"class":47},[33,110000,245],{"class":79},[33,110002,291],{"class":83},[33,110004,236],{"class":79},[33,110006,9462],{"class":47},[14,110008,18848],{},[316,110010,110011,110016],{},[319,110012,110013,110015],{},[30,110014,55674],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[319,110017,110018,110020],{},[30,110019,102833],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110022,110023,110024,310],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[273,110025,96793,110026,887],{"href":108436},[30,110027,102833],{},[18,110029,1288],{"id":1287},[664,110031,1487,110033,97173],{"id":110032},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[30,110034,55674],{},[14,110036,110037,110039,110040,310],{},[30,110038,55674],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[30,110041,3950],{},[14,110043,16796],{},[23,110045,110047],{"className":25,"code":110046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[30,110048,110049,110081,110103],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110050,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110052,13229],{"class":39},[33,110054,44],{"class":43},[33,110056,10644],{"class":47},[33,110058,80],{"class":79},[33,110060,13246],{"class":83},[33,110062,80],{"class":79},[33,110064,55],{"class":47},[33,110066,91],{"class":79},[33,110068,13263],{"class":83},[33,110070,80],{"class":79},[33,110072,55],{"class":47},[33,110074,91],{"class":79},[33,110076,17608],{"class":83},[33,110078,80],{"class":79},[33,110080,9462],{"class":47},[33,110082,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110084,13272],{"class":39},[33,110086,44],{"class":43},[33,110088,13277],{"class":39},[33,110090,310],{"class":47},[33,110092,34950],{"class":162},[33,110094,133],{"class":47},[33,110096,80],{"class":79},[33,110098,13263],{"class":83},[33,110100,80],{"class":79},[33,110102,143],{"class":47},[33,110104,110105,110107,110109,110111],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110106,157],{"class":156},[33,110108,133],{"class":47},[33,110110,13296],{"class":162},[33,110112,143],{"class":47},[14,110114,110115],{},[205,110116,207],{},[23,110118,110119],{"className":25,"code":11961,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,110120,110121],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110122,110123],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110124,11961],{"class":398},[14,110126,16808],{},[23,110128,110129],{"className":25,"code":109339,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,110130,110131,110163,110181],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110132,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110134,13229],{"class":39},[33,110136,44],{"class":43},[33,110138,10644],{"class":47},[33,110140,80],{"class":79},[33,110142,13246],{"class":83},[33,110144,80],{"class":79},[33,110146,55],{"class":47},[33,110148,91],{"class":79},[33,110150,13263],{"class":83},[33,110152,80],{"class":79},[33,110154,55],{"class":47},[33,110156,91],{"class":79},[33,110158,17608],{"class":83},[33,110160,80],{"class":79},[33,110162,9462],{"class":47},[33,110164,110165,110167,110169,110171,110173,110175,110177,110179],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110166,17655],{"class":39},[33,110168,310],{"class":47},[33,110170,34950],{"class":162},[33,110172,133],{"class":47},[33,110174,80],{"class":79},[33,110176,13263],{"class":83},[33,110178,80],{"class":79},[33,110180,143],{"class":47},[33,110182,110183,110185,110187,110189],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110184,157],{"class":156},[33,110186,133],{"class":47},[33,110188,17655],{"class":162},[33,110190,143],{"class":47},[664,110192,110194],{"id":110193},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110196,110197,110198,310],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[30,110199,19840],{},[23,110201,110203],{"className":25,"code":110202,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[30,110204,110205,110229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110206,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110208,13229],{"class":39},[33,110210,44],{"class":43},[33,110212,10644],{"class":47},[33,110214,80],{"class":79},[33,110216,13246],{"class":83},[33,110218,80],{"class":79},[33,110220,55],{"class":47},[33,110222,91],{"class":79},[33,110224,13263],{"class":83},[33,110226,80],{"class":79},[33,110228,9462],{"class":47},[33,110230,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110232,17655],{"class":39},[33,110234,310],{"class":47},[33,110236,34950],{"class":162},[33,110238,133],{"class":47},[33,110240,80],{"class":79},[33,110242,17608],{"class":83},[33,110244,80],{"class":79},[33,110246,143],{"class":47},[14,110248,110249,110250,3061],{},"To check first, you can use ",[30,110251,4053],{},[23,110253,110255],{"className":25,"code":110254,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[30,110256,110257,110281,110285,110301],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110258,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110260,13229],{"class":39},[33,110262,44],{"class":43},[33,110264,10644],{"class":47},[33,110266,80],{"class":79},[33,110268,13246],{"class":83},[33,110270,80],{"class":79},[33,110272,55],{"class":47},[33,110274,91],{"class":79},[33,110276,13263],{"class":83},[33,110278,80],{"class":79},[33,110280,9462],{"class":47},[33,110282,110283],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110284,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,110286,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110288,7156],{"class":4046},[33,110290,91],{"class":79},[33,110292,17608],{"class":83},[33,110294,80],{"class":79},[33,110296,21327],{"class":43},[33,110298,13277],{"class":39},[33,110300,6553],{"class":47},[33,110302,110303,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,110304,110305],{"class":39},"    colors",[33,110307,310],{"class":47},[33,110309,34950],{"class":162},[33,110311,133],{"class":47},[33,110313,80],{"class":79},[33,110315,17608],{"class":83},[33,110317,80],{"class":79},[33,110319,143],{"class":47},[14,110321,110322,110323,110327],{},"Or use ",[273,110324,110325],{"href":108436},[30,110326,102833],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[664,110329,37358,110331,8860,110333],{"id":110330},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[30,110332,102847],{},[30,110334,55222],{},[14,110336,110337],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110339,110340,110341,110343],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[30,110342,102847],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110345,110346,110347,310],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[273,110348,99057],{"href":99056},[664,110350,110352],{"id":110351},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110354,108342],{},[14,110356,110357],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[18,110359,1961],{"id":1960},[664,110361,12857,110363,97272],{"id":110362},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[30,110364,102847],{},[14,110366,110367,110368,310],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[30,110369,3950],{},[664,110371,30441,110373,110375],{"id":110372},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[30,110374,102847],{}," raise?",[14,110377,30447,110378,110380],{},[30,110379,19840],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[664,110382,21574,110384,453,110386,2033],{"id":110383},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[30,110385,55674],{},[30,110387,102833],{},[14,110389,672,110390,110392,110393,110395],{},[30,110391,55674],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[30,110394,102833],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[664,110397,5334,110399,110401],{"id":110398},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[30,110400,102847],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110403,110404],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[18,110406,2045],{"id":2044},[316,110408,110409,110415,110421,110425,110429],{},[319,110410,110411],{},[273,110412,96793,110413,887],{"href":108436},[30,110414,102833],{},[319,110416,110417],{},[273,110418,96793,110419,887],{"href":98193},[30,110420,12916],{},[319,110422,110423],{},[273,110424,97317],{"href":97862},[319,110426,110427],{},[273,110428,100323],{"href":99056},[319,110430,110431],{},[273,110432,11414],{"href":11227},[2097,110434,110435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":110437},[110438,110439,110441,110442,110443,110444,110449,110457,110467],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":109439,"depth":69,"text":110440},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":109690,"depth":69,"text":109691},{"id":109795,"depth":69,"text":110445,"children":110446},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110447,110448],{"id":34950,"depth":110,"text":55674},{"id":102900,"depth":110,"text":102833},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":110450},[110451,110453,110454,110456],{"id":110032,"depth":110,"text":110452},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110193,"depth":110,"text":110194},{"id":110330,"depth":110,"text":110455},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110351,"depth":110,"text":110352},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":110458},[110459,110461,110463,110465],{"id":110362,"depth":110,"text":110460},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110372,"depth":110,"text":110462},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110383,"depth":110,"text":110464},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110398,"depth":110,"text":110466},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109313,"description":110468},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110475,"title":110476,"body":110477,"description":111850,"extension":2138,"meta":111851,"navigation":149,"path":111852,"seo":111853,"stem":111854,"__hash__":111855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110478,"toc":111825},[110479,110485,110491,110494,110497,110511,110513,110594,110597,110602,110606,110620,110627,110629,110648,110651,110669,110671,110751,110753,110778,110782,110785,110793,110798,110803,110805,110818,110823,110826,110850,110853,110861,110863,110866,110963,110965,110998,111000,111026,111033,111036,111040,111048,111052,111060,111062,111152,111154,111168,111175,111180,111185,111187,111278,111280,111292,111294,111308,111314,111322,111324,111406,111408,111453,111456,111464,111467,111469,111473,111516,111518,111538,111543,111545,111630,111632,111637,111639,111646,111654,111660,111663,111665,111751,111753,111777,111781,111784,111786,111813,111823],[10,110480,96179,110482,2059],{"id":110481},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[30,110483,110484],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110486,110487,110490],{},[30,110488,110489],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110492,110493],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110495,110496],{},"Use it when:",[316,110498,110499,110502,110508],{},[319,110500,110501],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[319,110503,110504,110505,110507],{},"you do ",[205,110506,4796],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[319,110509,110510],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[18,110512,21],{"id":20},[23,110514,110516],{"className":25,"code":110515,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[30,110517,110518,110538,110558,110562,110581],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110519,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110521,2729],{"class":39},[33,110523,44],{"class":43},[33,110525,10644],{"class":47},[33,110527,52],{"class":51},[33,110529,55],{"class":47},[33,110531,58],{"class":51},[33,110533,55],{"class":47},[33,110535,63],{"class":51},[33,110537,9462],{"class":47},[33,110539,110540,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110541,2757],{"class":39},[33,110543,44],{"class":43},[33,110545,10644],{"class":47},[33,110547,2240],{"class":51},[33,110549,55],{"class":47},[33,110551,1132],{"class":51},[33,110553,55],{"class":47},[33,110555,4770],{"class":51},[33,110557,9462],{"class":47},[33,110559,110560],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110561,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,110563,110564,110566,110568,110570,110572,110575,110577,110579],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,110565,1506],{"class":39},[33,110567,44],{"class":43},[33,110569,57031],{"class":39},[33,110571,310],{"class":47},[33,110573,110574],{"class":162},"symmetric_difference",[33,110576,133],{"class":47},[33,110578,282],{"class":162},[33,110580,143],{"class":47},[33,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,110584,157],{"class":156},[33,110586,133],{"class":47},[33,110588,1530],{"class":162},[33,110590,3831],{"class":47},[33,110592,110593],{"class":1308},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110595,110596],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[18,110598,3848,110600,3851],{"id":110599},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[30,110601,110484],{},[14,110603,110604,3061],{},[30,110605,110489],{},[316,110607,110608,110611,110614,110617],{},[319,110609,110610],{},"returns a new set",[319,110612,110613],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[319,110615,110616],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[319,110618,110619],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110621,96303,110622,453,110624,310],{},[273,110623,96307],{"href":96306},[273,110625,110626],{"href":96310},"creating a set in Python",[18,110628,2334],{"id":2333},[23,110630,110632],{"className":25,"code":110631,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[30,110633,110634],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110635,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110637,100564],{"class":39},[33,110639,310],{"class":47},[33,110641,110574],{"class":162},[33,110643,133],{"class":47},[33,110645,100573],{"class":162},[33,110647,143],{"class":47},[14,110649,110650],{},"Notes:",[316,110652,110653,110658,110663,110666],{},[319,110654,110655,110657],{},[30,110656,100564],{}," must be a set",[319,110659,110660,110662],{},[30,110661,100573],{}," can be any iterable",[319,110664,110665],{},"the result is always a set",[319,110667,110668],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110670,367],{},[23,110672,110674],{"className":25,"code":110673,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[30,110675,110676,110697,110718,110722,110741],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110677,110678,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110679,110680],{"class":39},"set1 ",[33,110682,44],{"class":43},[33,110684,10644],{"class":47},[33,110686,52],{"class":51},[33,110688,55],{"class":47},[33,110690,58],{"class":51},[33,110692,55],{"class":47},[33,110694,63],{"class":51},[33,110696,9462],{"class":47},[33,110698,110699,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110700,110701],{"class":39},"set2 ",[33,110703,44],{"class":43},[33,110705,10644],{"class":47},[33,110707,2240],{"class":51},[33,110709,55],{"class":47},[33,110711,1132],{"class":51},[33,110713,55],{"class":47},[33,110715,4770],{"class":51},[33,110717,9462],{"class":47},[33,110719,110720],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110721,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,110723,110724,110726,110728,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,110725,1506],{"class":39},[33,110727,44],{"class":43},[33,110729,110730],{"class":39}," set1",[33,110732,310],{"class":47},[33,110734,110574],{"class":162},[33,110736,133],{"class":47},[33,110738,100573],{"class":162},[33,110740,143],{"class":47},[33,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,110744,157],{"class":156},[33,110746,133],{"class":47},[33,110748,1530],{"class":162},[33,110750,143],{"class":47},[14,110752,207],{},[23,110754,110756],{"className":25,"code":110755,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[30,110757,110758],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110759,110760,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110761,9432],{"class":47},[33,110763,52],{"class":51},[33,110765,55],{"class":47},[33,110767,58],{"class":51},[33,110769,55],{"class":47},[33,110771,1132],{"class":51},[33,110773,55],{"class":47},[33,110775,4770],{"class":51},[33,110777,9462],{"class":47},[18,110779,110781],{"id":110780},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110783,110784],{},"The result includes:",[316,110786,110787,110790],{},[319,110788,110789],{},"items only in the first set",[319,110791,110792],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110794,110795,110796,11236],{},"The result does ",[205,110797,4796],{},[316,110799,110800],{},[319,110801,110802],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110804,5632],{},[316,110806,110807,110812],{},[319,110808,110809,110810],{},"first set: ",[30,110811,100261],{},[319,110813,110814,110815],{},"second set: ",[30,110816,110817],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110819,4218,110820,110822],{},[30,110821,2240],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110824,110825],{},"The output is:",[23,110827,110828],{"className":25,"code":110755,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,110829,110830],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110831,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110833,9432],{"class":47},[33,110835,52],{"class":51},[33,110837,55],{"class":47},[33,110839,58],{"class":51},[33,110841,55],{"class":47},[33,110843,1132],{"class":51},[33,110845,55],{"class":47},[33,110847,4770],{"class":51},[33,110849,9462],{"class":47},[14,110851,110852],{},"Also remember:",[316,110854,110855,110858],{},[319,110856,110857],{},"sets are unordered",[319,110859,110860],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[18,110862,11627],{"id":11626},[14,110864,110865],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[23,110867,110869],{"className":25,"code":110868,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,110870,110871,110903,110927,110931,110949,110953],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110874,107004],{"class":39},[33,110876,44],{"class":43},[33,110878,10644],{"class":47},[33,110880,80],{"class":79},[33,110882,13246],{"class":83},[33,110884,80],{"class":79},[33,110886,55],{"class":47},[33,110888,91],{"class":79},[33,110890,13263],{"class":83},[33,110892,80],{"class":79},[33,110894,55],{"class":47},[33,110896,91],{"class":79},[33,110898,17608],{"class":83},[33,110900,80],{"class":79},[33,110902,9462],{"class":47},[33,110904,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,110906,107037],{"class":39},[33,110908,44],{"class":43},[33,110910,10644],{"class":47},[33,110912,80],{"class":79},[33,110914,17608],{"class":83},[33,110916,80],{"class":79},[33,110918,55],{"class":47},[33,110920,91],{"class":79},[33,110922,22678],{"class":83},[33,110924,80],{"class":79},[33,110926,9462],{"class":47},[33,110928,110929],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,110930,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,110932,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,110934,1506],{"class":39},[33,110936,44],{"class":43},[33,110938,107079],{"class":39},[33,110940,310],{"class":47},[33,110942,110574],{"class":162},[33,110944,133],{"class":47},[33,110946,107088],{"class":162},[33,110948,143],{"class":47},[33,110950,110951],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,110952,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,110954,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,110956,157],{"class":156},[33,110958,133],{"class":47},[33,110960,1530],{"class":162},[33,110962,143],{"class":47},[14,110964,207],{},[23,110966,110968],{"className":25,"code":110967,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[30,110969,110970],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,110971,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,110973,9432],{"class":47},[33,110975,236],{"class":79},[33,110977,13246],{"class":83},[33,110979,236],{"class":79},[33,110981,55],{"class":47},[33,110983,245],{"class":79},[33,110985,13263],{"class":83},[33,110987,236],{"class":79},[33,110989,55],{"class":47},[33,110991,245],{"class":79},[33,110993,22678],{"class":83},[33,110995,236],{"class":79},[33,110997,9462],{"class":47},[14,110999,13563],{},[316,111001,111002,111007,111018],{},[319,111003,111004,111006],{},[30,111005,96472],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[319,111008,111009,2030,111011,111014,111015,111017],{},[30,111010,65368],{},[30,111012,111013],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[30,111016,107141],{},", so they stay",[319,111019,111020,111022,111023,111025],{},[30,111021,109780],{}," is only in ",[30,111024,107088],{},", so it stays",[18,111027,111029,10739,111031],{"id":111028},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[30,111030,110484],{},[30,111032,100393],{},[14,111034,111035],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111037,111038,3061],{},[30,111039,100393],{},[316,111041,111042,111045],{},[319,111043,111044],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[319,111046,111047],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111049,111050,3061],{},[30,111051,110484],{},[316,111053,111054,111057],{},[319,111055,111056],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[319,111058,111059],{},"removes shared items",[14,111061,367],{},[23,111063,111065],{"className":25,"code":111064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[30,111066,111067,111087,111107,111111,111132],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111068,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111070,2729],{"class":39},[33,111072,44],{"class":43},[33,111074,10644],{"class":47},[33,111076,52],{"class":51},[33,111078,55],{"class":47},[33,111080,58],{"class":51},[33,111082,55],{"class":47},[33,111084,63],{"class":51},[33,111086,9462],{"class":47},[33,111088,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111090,2757],{"class":39},[33,111092,44],{"class":43},[33,111094,10644],{"class":47},[33,111096,2240],{"class":51},[33,111098,55],{"class":47},[33,111100,1132],{"class":51},[33,111102,55],{"class":47},[33,111104,4770],{"class":51},[33,111106,9462],{"class":47},[33,111108,111109],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111110,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,111112,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111114,157],{"class":156},[33,111116,133],{"class":47},[33,111118,273],{"class":162},[33,111120,310],{"class":47},[33,111122,2987],{"class":162},[33,111124,133],{"class":47},[33,111126,282],{"class":162},[33,111128,5522],{"class":47},[33,111130,111131],{"class":1308},"            # {1, 2}\n",[33,111133,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111135,157],{"class":156},[33,111137,133],{"class":47},[33,111139,273],{"class":162},[33,111141,310],{"class":47},[33,111143,110574],{"class":162},[33,111145,133],{"class":47},[33,111147,282],{"class":162},[33,111149,5522],{"class":47},[33,111151,110593],{"class":1308},[14,111153,18848],{},[316,111155,111156,111163],{},[319,111157,111158,111162],{},[273,111159,111160],{"href":102819},[30,111161,100393],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[319,111164,111165,111167],{},[30,111166,110484],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[18,111169,111171,10739,111173],{"id":111170},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[30,111172,110484],{},[30,111174,102778],{},[14,111176,111177,111179],{},[30,111178,102778],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111181,111182,111184],{},[30,111183,110484],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111186,367],{},[23,111188,111190],{"className":25,"code":111189,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[30,111191,111192,111212,111232,111236,111258],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111193,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111195,2729],{"class":39},[33,111197,44],{"class":43},[33,111199,10644],{"class":47},[33,111201,52],{"class":51},[33,111203,55],{"class":47},[33,111205,58],{"class":51},[33,111207,55],{"class":47},[33,111209,63],{"class":51},[33,111211,9462],{"class":47},[33,111213,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111215,2757],{"class":39},[33,111217,44],{"class":43},[33,111219,10644],{"class":47},[33,111221,2240],{"class":51},[33,111223,55],{"class":47},[33,111225,1132],{"class":51},[33,111227,55],{"class":47},[33,111229,4770],{"class":51},[33,111231,9462],{"class":47},[33,111233,111234],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111235,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,111237,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111249,111251,111253,111255],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111239,157],{"class":156},[33,111241,133],{"class":47},[33,111243,273],{"class":162},[33,111245,310],{"class":47},[33,111247,111248],{"class":162},"union",[33,111250,133],{"class":47},[33,111252,282],{"class":162},[33,111254,5522],{"class":47},[33,111256,111257],{"class":1308},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[33,111259,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111274,111276],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111261,157],{"class":156},[33,111263,133],{"class":47},[33,111265,273],{"class":162},[33,111267,310],{"class":47},[33,111269,110574],{"class":162},[33,111271,133],{"class":47},[33,111273,282],{"class":162},[33,111275,5522],{"class":47},[33,111277,110593],{"class":1308},[14,111279,27373],{},[316,111281,111282,111287],{},[319,111283,111284,111286],{},[30,111285,102778],{}," includes everything",[319,111288,111289,111291],{},[30,111290,110484],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111293,18848],{},[316,111295,111296,111303],{},[319,111297,111298,111302],{},[273,111299,111300],{"href":107709},[30,111301,102778],{}," when overlap does not matter",[319,111304,111305,111307],{},[30,111306,110484],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[18,111309,36766,111311,101577],{"id":111310},"using-the-operator",[30,111312,111313],{},"^",[14,111315,111316,111317,111319,111320,310],{},"For sets, the ",[30,111318,111313],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[30,111321,110484],{},[14,111323,367],{},[23,111325,111327],{"className":25,"code":111326,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[30,111328,111329,111349,111369,111373,111391],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111330,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111332,110680],{"class":39},[33,111334,44],{"class":43},[33,111336,10644],{"class":47},[33,111338,52],{"class":51},[33,111340,55],{"class":47},[33,111342,58],{"class":51},[33,111344,55],{"class":47},[33,111346,63],{"class":51},[33,111348,9462],{"class":47},[33,111350,111351,111353,111355,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111352,110701],{"class":39},[33,111354,44],{"class":43},[33,111356,10644],{"class":47},[33,111358,2240],{"class":51},[33,111360,55],{"class":47},[33,111362,1132],{"class":51},[33,111364,55],{"class":47},[33,111366,4770],{"class":51},[33,111368,9462],{"class":47},[33,111370,111371],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111372,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111376,157],{"class":156},[33,111378,133],{"class":47},[33,111380,100564],{"class":162},[33,111382,310],{"class":47},[33,111384,110574],{"class":162},[33,111386,133],{"class":47},[33,111388,100573],{"class":162},[33,111390,733],{"class":47},[33,111392,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111404],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111394,157],{"class":156},[33,111396,133],{"class":47},[33,111398,110680],{"class":162},[33,111400,111313],{"class":43},[33,111402,111403],{"class":162}," set2",[33,111405,143],{"class":47},[14,111407,30183],{},[23,111409,111411],{"className":25,"code":111410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[30,111412,111413,111433],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111414,111415,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111416,9432],{"class":47},[33,111418,52],{"class":51},[33,111420,55],{"class":47},[33,111422,58],{"class":51},[33,111424,55],{"class":47},[33,111426,1132],{"class":51},[33,111428,55],{"class":47},[33,111430,4770],{"class":51},[33,111432,9462],{"class":47},[33,111434,111435,111437,111439,111441,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111436,9432],{"class":47},[33,111438,52],{"class":51},[33,111440,55],{"class":47},[33,111442,58],{"class":51},[33,111444,55],{"class":47},[33,111446,1132],{"class":51},[33,111448,55],{"class":47},[33,111450,4770],{"class":51},[33,111452,9462],{"class":47},[14,111454,111455],{},"Both forms:",[316,111457,111458,111461],{},[319,111459,111460],{},"return a new set",[319,111462,111463],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111465,111466],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[18,111468,1288],{"id":1287},[14,111470,21365,111471,3061],{},[30,111472,110484],{},[316,111474,111475,111483,111493,111508],{},[319,111476,111477,111480,111482],{},[205,111478,111479],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9999,111481],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[319,111484,111485,111488,111490,111492],{},[205,111486,111487],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9999,111489],{},[30,111491,110484],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[319,111494,111495,111500,111502,111504,111505,111507],{},[205,111496,111497,111498],{},"Confusing it with ",[30,111499,100393],{},[9999,111501],{},[30,111503,100393],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[30,111506,110484],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[319,111509,111510,111513,111515],{},[205,111511,111512],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9999,111514],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111517,59005],{},[316,111519,111520,111529,111532,111535],{},[319,111521,50645,111522,44783,111524,111528],{},[30,111523,110484],{},[273,111525,111526],{"href":107709},[30,111527,102778],{}," is actually needed",[319,111530,111531],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[319,111533,111534],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[319,111536,111537],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111539,111540,111541,310],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[273,111542,99057],{"href":105322},[14,111544,62270],{},[23,111546,111548],{"className":25,"code":111547,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[30,111549,111550,111560,111570,111588,111602,111616],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111551,111552,111554,111556,111558],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111553,157],{"class":156},[33,111555,133],{"class":47},[33,111557,100564],{"class":162},[33,111559,143],{"class":47},[33,111561,111562,111564,111566,111568],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111563,157],{"class":156},[33,111565,133],{"class":47},[33,111567,100573],{"class":162},[33,111569,143],{"class":47},[33,111571,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111573,157],{"class":156},[33,111575,133],{"class":47},[33,111577,100564],{"class":162},[33,111579,310],{"class":47},[33,111581,110574],{"class":162},[33,111583,133],{"class":47},[33,111585,100573],{"class":162},[33,111587,733],{"class":47},[33,111589,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598,111600],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111591,157],{"class":156},[33,111593,133],{"class":47},[33,111595,110680],{"class":162},[33,111597,111313],{"class":43},[33,111599,111403],{"class":162},[33,111601,143],{"class":47},[33,111603,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111605,157],{"class":156},[33,111607,133],{"class":47},[33,111609,1406],{"class":129},[33,111611,133],{"class":47},[33,111613,100564],{"class":162},[33,111615,733],{"class":47},[33,111617,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,111619,157],{"class":156},[33,111621,133],{"class":47},[33,111623,1406],{"class":129},[33,111625,133],{"class":47},[33,111627,100573],{"class":162},[33,111629,733],{"class":47},[18,111631,1961],{"id":1960},[664,111633,12857,111635,102718],{"id":111634},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[30,111636,110484],{},[14,111638,102721],{},[664,111640,2027,111642,2030,111644,2033],{"id":111641},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[30,111643,110484],{},[30,111645,100393],{},[14,111647,111648,111650,111651,111653],{},[30,111649,100393],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[30,111652,110484],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[664,111655,28481,111657,111659],{"id":111656},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[30,111658,110484],{}," with lists?",[14,111661,111662],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111664,367],{},[23,111666,111668],{"className":25,"code":111667,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[30,111669,111670,111690,111710,111714,111741],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111671,111672,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111673,80634],{"class":39},[33,111675,44],{"class":43},[33,111677,48],{"class":47},[33,111679,52],{"class":51},[33,111681,55],{"class":47},[33,111683,58],{"class":51},[33,111685,55],{"class":47},[33,111687,63],{"class":51},[33,111689,66],{"class":47},[33,111691,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111693,80655],{"class":39},[33,111695,44],{"class":43},[33,111697,48],{"class":47},[33,111699,2240],{"class":51},[33,111701,55],{"class":47},[33,111703,1132],{"class":51},[33,111705,55],{"class":47},[33,111707,4770],{"class":51},[33,111709,66],{"class":47},[33,111711,111712],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111713,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,111715,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111717,1506],{"class":39},[33,111719,44],{"class":43},[33,111721,15785],{"class":129},[33,111723,133],{"class":47},[33,111725,111726],{"class":162},"list1",[33,111728,8787],{"class":47},[33,111730,110574],{"class":162},[33,111732,133],{"class":47},[33,111734,6446],{"class":129},[33,111736,133],{"class":47},[33,111738,80921],{"class":162},[33,111740,733],{"class":47},[33,111742,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111744,157],{"class":156},[33,111746,133],{"class":47},[33,111748,1530],{"class":162},[33,111750,143],{"class":47},[14,111752,207],{},[23,111754,111755],{"className":25,"code":110755,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,111756,111757],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111758,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111760,9432],{"class":47},[33,111762,52],{"class":51},[33,111764,55],{"class":47},[33,111766,58],{"class":51},[33,111768,55],{"class":47},[33,111770,1132],{"class":51},[33,111772,55],{"class":47},[33,111774,4770],{"class":51},[33,111776,9462],{"class":47},[664,111778,111780],{"id":111779},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111782,111783],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[18,111785,2045],{"id":2044},[316,111787,111788,111792,111797,111803,111809],{},[319,111789,111790],{},[273,111791,96307],{"href":96306},[319,111793,111794],{},[273,111795,111796],{"href":96310},"Creating a set in Python",[319,111798,111799],{},[273,111800,96793,111801,887],{"href":102819},[30,111802,100393],{},[319,111804,111805],{},[273,111806,96793,111807,887],{"href":107709},[30,111808,102778],{},[319,111810,111811],{},[273,111812,100323],{"href":105322},[14,111814,111815,111816,1931,111818,1938,111820,111822],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[30,111817,100393],{},[30,111819,102778],{},[30,111821,110484],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2097,111824,57385],{},{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":111826},[111827,111828,111830,111831,111832,111833,111835,111837,111839,111840,111849],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":110599,"depth":69,"text":111829},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":110780,"depth":69,"text":110781},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":111028,"depth":69,"text":111834},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111170,"depth":69,"text":111836},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111310,"depth":69,"text":111838},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":111841},[111842,111844,111846,111848],{"id":111634,"depth":110,"text":111843},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111641,"depth":110,"text":111845},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111656,"depth":110,"text":111847},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111779,"depth":110,"text":111780},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110476,"description":111850},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111857,"title":111858,"body":111859,"description":113922,"extension":2138,"meta":113923,"navigation":149,"path":107709,"seo":113924,"stem":113925,"__hash__":113926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111860,"toc":113881},[111861,111866,111871,111874,111887,111889,111971,111976,111981,111985,111997,112000,112004,112006,112033,112035,112046,112049,112118,112120,112126,112129,112139,112141,112230,112235,112237,112244,112247,112249,112252,112372,112374,112443,112446,112463,112468,112471,112587,112589,112618,112621,112627,112632,112636,112717,112719,112747,112752,112756,112851,112853,112894,112898,112901,112968,112970,113011,113017,113032,113039,113046,113050,113056,113142,113146,113154,113225,113230,113237,113239,113245,113247,113312,113314,113330,113335,113338,113407,113411,113414,113473,113476,113480,113533,113546,113549,113602,113606,113608,113639,113642,113647,113700,113704,113707,113728,113740,113742,113795,113797,113802,113804,113810,113813,113819,113824,113828,113831,113839,113848,113850,113878],[10,111862,2076,111864,2059],{"id":111863},"python-setunion-method",[30,111865,108022],{},[14,111867,111868,111870],{},[30,111869,108022],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111872,111873],{},"It is useful when you want:",[316,111875,111876,111879,111884],{},[319,111877,111878],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[319,111880,2729,111881,111883],{},[205,111882,100748],{}," as the result",[319,111885,111886],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[18,111888,2180],{"id":2179},[23,111890,111892],{"className":25,"code":111891,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[30,111893,111894,111914,111934,111938,111956,111966],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,111895,111896,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,111897,110680],{"class":39},[33,111899,44],{"class":43},[33,111901,10644],{"class":47},[33,111903,52],{"class":51},[33,111905,55],{"class":47},[33,111907,58],{"class":51},[33,111909,55],{"class":47},[33,111911,63],{"class":51},[33,111913,9462],{"class":47},[33,111915,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,111917,110701],{"class":39},[33,111919,44],{"class":43},[33,111921,10644],{"class":47},[33,111923,2240],{"class":51},[33,111925,55],{"class":47},[33,111927,1132],{"class":51},[33,111929,55],{"class":47},[33,111931,4770],{"class":51},[33,111933,9462],{"class":47},[33,111935,111936],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,111937,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,111941,1506],{"class":39},[33,111943,44],{"class":43},[33,111945,110730],{"class":39},[33,111947,310],{"class":47},[33,111949,111248],{"class":162},[33,111951,133],{"class":47},[33,111953,100573],{"class":162},[33,111955,143],{"class":47},[33,111957,111958,111960,111962,111964],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,111959,157],{"class":156},[33,111961,133],{"class":47},[33,111963,1530],{"class":162},[33,111965,143],{"class":47},[33,111967,111968],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,111969,111970],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111972,111973,111975],{},[30,111974,102778],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[18,111977,3848,111979,3851],{"id":111978},"what-setunion-does",[30,111980,108022],{},[14,111982,111983,3061],{},[30,111984,108022],{},[316,111986,111987,111990,111993,111995],{},[319,111988,111989],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[319,111991,111992],{},"keeps only unique values",[319,111994,110610],{},[319,111996,110619],{},[14,111998,111999],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112001,96303,112002,310],{},[273,112003,96307],{"href":97478},[18,112005,2334],{"id":2333},[23,112007,112009],{"className":25,"code":112008,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[30,112010,112011],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112012,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112014,100564],{"class":39},[33,112016,310],{"class":47},[33,112018,111248],{"class":162},[33,112020,133],{"class":47},[33,112022,100573],{"class":162},[33,112024,55],{"class":47},[33,112026,100600],{"class":162},[33,112028,55],{"class":47},[33,112030,34610],{"class":156},[33,112032,143],{"class":47},[14,112034,13205],{},[316,112036,112037,112040,112043],{},[319,112038,112039],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[319,112041,112042],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[319,112044,112045],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112047,112048],{},"Example with two sets:",[23,112050,112052],{"className":25,"code":112051,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[30,112053,112054,112070,112086,112090,112108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112055,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112057,2729],{"class":39},[33,112059,44],{"class":43},[33,112061,10644],{"class":47},[33,112063,52],{"class":51},[33,112065,55],{"class":47},[33,112067,58],{"class":51},[33,112069,9462],{"class":47},[33,112071,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112073,2757],{"class":39},[33,112075,44],{"class":43},[33,112077,10644],{"class":47},[33,112079,2234],{"class":51},[33,112081,55],{"class":47},[33,112083,63],{"class":51},[33,112085,9462],{"class":47},[33,112087,112088],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112089,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112093,1506],{"class":39},[33,112095,44],{"class":43},[33,112097,57031],{"class":39},[33,112099,310],{"class":47},[33,112101,111248],{"class":162},[33,112103,133],{"class":47},[33,112105,282],{"class":162},[33,112107,143],{"class":47},[33,112109,112110,112112,112114,112116],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112111,157],{"class":156},[33,112113,133],{"class":47},[33,112115,1530],{"class":162},[33,112117,143],{"class":47},[18,112119,22124],{"id":22123},[14,112121,112122,100745,112124,310],{},[30,112123,108022],{},[205,112125,100748],{},[14,112127,112128],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[316,112130,112131,112134],{},[319,112132,112133],{},"the original set",[319,112135,112136,112137],{},"all arguments passed to ",[30,112138,102778],{},[14,112140,367],{},[23,112142,112144],{"className":25,"code":112143,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[30,112145,112146,112162,112178,112182,112200,112204,112217],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112147,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112149,2729],{"class":39},[33,112151,44],{"class":43},[33,112153,10644],{"class":47},[33,112155,52],{"class":51},[33,112157,55],{"class":47},[33,112159,58],{"class":51},[33,112161,9462],{"class":47},[33,112163,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112165,2757],{"class":39},[33,112167,44],{"class":43},[33,112169,10644],{"class":47},[33,112171,2234],{"class":51},[33,112173,55],{"class":47},[33,112175,63],{"class":51},[33,112177,9462],{"class":47},[33,112179,112180],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112181,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112183,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112185,1506],{"class":39},[33,112187,44],{"class":43},[33,112189,57031],{"class":39},[33,112191,310],{"class":47},[33,112193,111248],{"class":162},[33,112195,133],{"class":47},[33,112197,282],{"class":162},[33,112199,143],{"class":47},[33,112201,112202],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112203,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,112207,157],{"class":156},[33,112209,133],{"class":47},[33,112211,1530],{"class":162},[33,112213,3831],{"class":47},[33,112215,112216],{"class":1308},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,112218,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,112220,157],{"class":156},[33,112222,133],{"class":47},[33,112224,273],{"class":162},[33,112226,3831],{"class":47},[33,112228,112229],{"class":1308},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112231,2462,112232,112234],{},[30,112233,273],{}," did not change.",[14,112236,110852],{},[316,112238,112239,112241],{},[319,112240,110857],{},[319,112242,112243],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112245,112246],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[18,112248,11627],{"id":11626},[14,112250,112251],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[23,112253,112255],{"className":25,"code":112254,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[30,112256,112257,112290,112323,112327,112347,112351,112361],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112258,112259,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112260,112261],{"class":39},"fruits1 ",[33,112263,44],{"class":43},[33,112265,10644],{"class":47},[33,112267,80],{"class":79},[33,112269,386],{"class":83},[33,112271,80],{"class":79},[33,112273,55],{"class":47},[33,112275,91],{"class":79},[33,112277,4255],{"class":83},[33,112279,80],{"class":79},[33,112281,55],{"class":47},[33,112283,91],{"class":79},[33,112285,33376],{"class":83},[33,112287,80],{"class":79},[33,112289,9462],{"class":47},[33,112291,112292,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112293,112294],{"class":39},"fruits2 ",[33,112296,44],{"class":43},[33,112298,10644],{"class":47},[33,112300,80],{"class":79},[33,112302,4255],{"class":83},[33,112304,80],{"class":79},[33,112306,55],{"class":47},[33,112308,91],{"class":79},[33,112310,22687],{"class":83},[33,112312,80],{"class":79},[33,112314,55],{"class":47},[33,112316,91],{"class":79},[33,112318,33376],{"class":83},[33,112320,80],{"class":79},[33,112322,9462],{"class":47},[33,112324,112325],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112326,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112328,112329,112331,112333,112336,112338,112340,112342,112345],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112330,1506],{"class":39},[33,112332,44],{"class":43},[33,112334,112335],{"class":39}," fruits1",[33,112337,310],{"class":47},[33,112339,111248],{"class":162},[33,112341,133],{"class":47},[33,112343,112344],{"class":162},"fruits2",[33,112346,143],{"class":47},[33,112348,112349],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112350,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112352,112353,112355,112357,112359],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,112354,157],{"class":156},[33,112356,133],{"class":47},[33,112358,1530],{"class":162},[33,112360,143],{"class":47},[33,112362,112363,112365,112367,112370],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,112364,157],{"class":156},[33,112366,133],{"class":47},[33,112368,112369],{"class":162},"fruits1",[33,112371,143],{"class":47},[14,112373,30183],{},[23,112375,112377],{"className":25,"code":112376,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[30,112378,112379,112415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112380,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112382,9432],{"class":47},[33,112384,236],{"class":79},[33,112386,4255],{"class":83},[33,112388,236],{"class":79},[33,112390,55],{"class":47},[33,112392,245],{"class":79},[33,112394,33376],{"class":83},[33,112396,236],{"class":79},[33,112398,55],{"class":47},[33,112400,245],{"class":79},[33,112402,386],{"class":83},[33,112404,236],{"class":79},[33,112406,55],{"class":47},[33,112408,245],{"class":79},[33,112410,22687],{"class":83},[33,112412,236],{"class":79},[33,112414,9462],{"class":47},[33,112416,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112418,9432],{"class":47},[33,112420,236],{"class":79},[33,112422,4255],{"class":83},[33,112424,236],{"class":79},[33,112426,55],{"class":47},[33,112428,245],{"class":79},[33,112430,33376],{"class":83},[33,112432,236],{"class":79},[33,112434,55],{"class":47},[33,112436,245],{"class":79},[33,112438,386],{"class":83},[33,112440,236],{"class":79},[33,112442,9462],{"class":47},[14,112444,112445],{},"What this shows:",[316,112447,112448,112455,112458],{},[319,112449,112450,2030,112452,112454],{},[30,112451,65250],{},[30,112453,65677],{}," appear in both sets",[319,112456,112457],{},"they appear only once in the result",[319,112459,112460,112462],{},[30,112461,112369],{}," stays unchanged",[18,112464,1357,112466,101137],{"id":112465},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[30,112467,102778],{},[14,112469,112470],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[23,112472,112474],{"className":25,"code":112473,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,112475,112476,112492,112508,112525,112542,112546,112573,112577],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112477,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112479,110680],{"class":39},[33,112481,44],{"class":43},[33,112483,10644],{"class":47},[33,112485,52],{"class":51},[33,112487,55],{"class":47},[33,112489,58],{"class":51},[33,112491,9462],{"class":47},[33,112493,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112495,110701],{"class":39},[33,112497,44],{"class":43},[33,112499,10644],{"class":47},[33,112501,2234],{"class":51},[33,112503,55],{"class":47},[33,112505,63],{"class":51},[33,112507,9462],{"class":47},[33,112509,112510,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112511,112512],{"class":39},"set3 ",[33,112514,44],{"class":43},[33,112516,10644],{"class":47},[33,112518,2240],{"class":51},[33,112520,55],{"class":47},[33,112522,1132],{"class":51},[33,112524,9462],{"class":47},[33,112526,112527,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112528,112529],{"class":39},"set4 ",[33,112531,44],{"class":43},[33,112533,10644],{"class":47},[33,112535,2679],{"class":51},[33,112537,55],{"class":47},[33,112539,4770],{"class":51},[33,112541,9462],{"class":47},[33,112543,112544],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112545,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112547,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112571],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,112549,1506],{"class":39},[33,112551,44],{"class":43},[33,112553,110730],{"class":39},[33,112555,310],{"class":47},[33,112557,111248],{"class":162},[33,112559,133],{"class":47},[33,112561,100573],{"class":162},[33,112563,55],{"class":47},[33,112565,100600],{"class":162},[33,112567,55],{"class":47},[33,112569,112570],{"class":162}," set4",[33,112572,143],{"class":47},[33,112574,112575],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,112576,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112578,112579,112581,112583,112585],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,112580,157],{"class":156},[33,112582,133],{"class":47},[33,112584,1530],{"class":162},[33,112586,143],{"class":47},[14,112588,30183],{},[23,112590,112592],{"className":25,"code":112591,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[30,112593,112594],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112595,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112597,9432],{"class":47},[33,112599,52],{"class":51},[33,112601,55],{"class":47},[33,112603,58],{"class":51},[33,112605,55],{"class":47},[33,112607,63],{"class":51},[33,112609,55],{"class":47},[33,112611,1132],{"class":51},[33,112613,55],{"class":47},[33,112615,4770],{"class":51},[33,112617,9462],{"class":47},[14,112619,112620],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[18,112622,1357,112624,112626],{"id":112623},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[30,112625,102778],{}," with other iterables",[14,112628,112629,112631],{},[30,112630,102778],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[664,112633,112635],{"id":112634},"with-a-list","With a list",[23,112637,112639],{"className":25,"code":112638,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[30,112640,112641,112661,112685,112689,112707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112642,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112644,40],{"class":39},[33,112646,44],{"class":43},[33,112648,10644],{"class":47},[33,112650,52],{"class":51},[33,112652,55],{"class":47},[33,112654,58],{"class":51},[33,112656,55],{"class":47},[33,112658,63],{"class":51},[33,112660,9462],{"class":47},[33,112662,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112664,61022],{"class":39},[33,112666,44],{"class":43},[33,112668,48],{"class":47},[33,112670,2240],{"class":51},[33,112672,55],{"class":47},[33,112674,1132],{"class":51},[33,112676,55],{"class":47},[33,112678,4770],{"class":51},[33,112680,55],{"class":47},[33,112682,4770],{"class":51},[33,112684,66],{"class":47},[33,112686,112687],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112688,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112690,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112692,1506],{"class":39},[33,112694,44],{"class":43},[33,112696,4430],{"class":39},[33,112698,310],{"class":47},[33,112700,111248],{"class":162},[33,112702,133],{"class":47},[33,112704,61051],{"class":162},[33,112706,143],{"class":47},[33,112708,112709,112711,112713,112715],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112710,157],{"class":156},[33,112712,133],{"class":47},[33,112714,1530],{"class":162},[33,112716,143],{"class":47},[14,112718,30183],{},[23,112720,112721],{"className":25,"code":112591,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,112722,112723],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112724,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112726,9432],{"class":47},[33,112728,52],{"class":51},[33,112730,55],{"class":47},[33,112732,58],{"class":51},[33,112734,55],{"class":47},[33,112736,63],{"class":51},[33,112738,55],{"class":47},[33,112740,1132],{"class":51},[33,112742,55],{"class":47},[33,112744,4770],{"class":51},[33,112746,9462],{"class":47},[14,112748,21131,112749,112751],{},[30,112750,1085],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[664,112753,112755],{"id":112754},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[23,112757,112759],{"className":25,"code":112758,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[30,112760,112761,112785,112818,112822,112841],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112762,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112764,124],{"class":39},[33,112766,44],{"class":43},[33,112768,10644],{"class":47},[33,112770,80],{"class":79},[33,112772,273],{"class":83},[33,112774,80],{"class":79},[33,112776,55],{"class":47},[33,112778,91],{"class":79},[33,112780,282],{"class":83},[33,112782,80],{"class":79},[33,112784,9462],{"class":47},[33,112786,112787,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112788,112789],{"class":39},"more_letters ",[33,112791,44],{"class":43},[33,112793,1381],{"class":47},[33,112795,80],{"class":79},[33,112797,282],{"class":83},[33,112799,80],{"class":79},[33,112801,55],{"class":47},[33,112803,91],{"class":79},[33,112805,291],{"class":83},[33,112807,80],{"class":79},[33,112809,55],{"class":47},[33,112811,91],{"class":79},[33,112813,1634],{"class":83},[33,112815,80],{"class":79},[33,112817,143],{"class":47},[33,112819,112820],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112821,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112823,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836,112839],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112825,1506],{"class":39},[33,112827,44],{"class":43},[33,112829,70072],{"class":39},[33,112831,310],{"class":47},[33,112833,111248],{"class":162},[33,112835,133],{"class":47},[33,112837,112838],{"class":162},"more_letters",[33,112840,143],{"class":47},[33,112842,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,112844,157],{"class":156},[33,112846,133],{"class":47},[33,112848,1530],{"class":162},[33,112850,143],{"class":47},[14,112852,30183],{},[23,112854,112856],{"className":25,"code":112855,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[30,112857,112858],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112859,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112861,9432],{"class":47},[33,112863,236],{"class":79},[33,112865,273],{"class":83},[33,112867,236],{"class":79},[33,112869,55],{"class":47},[33,112871,245],{"class":79},[33,112873,282],{"class":83},[33,112875,236],{"class":79},[33,112877,55],{"class":47},[33,112879,245],{"class":79},[33,112881,291],{"class":83},[33,112883,236],{"class":79},[33,112885,55],{"class":47},[33,112887,245],{"class":79},[33,112889,1634],{"class":83},[33,112891,236],{"class":79},[33,112893,9462],{"class":47},[664,112895,112897],{"id":112896},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112899,112900],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[23,112902,112904],{"className":25,"code":112903,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,112905,112906,112931,112954,112958],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112907,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112909,112910],{"class":39},"chars ",[33,112912,44],{"class":43},[33,112914,10644],{"class":47},[33,112916,80],{"class":79},[33,112918,273],{"class":83},[33,112920,80],{"class":79},[33,112922,55],{"class":47},[33,112924,91],{"class":79},[33,112926,282],{"class":83},[33,112928,80],{"class":79},[33,112930,9462],{"class":47},[33,112932,112933,112935,112937,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,112934,1506],{"class":39},[33,112936,44],{"class":43},[33,112938,112939],{"class":39}," chars",[33,112941,310],{"class":47},[33,112943,111248],{"class":162},[33,112945,133],{"class":47},[33,112947,80],{"class":79},[33,112949,37201],{"class":83},[33,112951,80],{"class":79},[33,112953,143],{"class":47},[33,112955,112956],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,112957,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,112959,112960,112962,112964,112966],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,112961,157],{"class":156},[33,112963,133],{"class":47},[33,112965,1530],{"class":162},[33,112967,143],{"class":47},[14,112969,30183],{},[23,112971,112973],{"className":25,"code":112972,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[30,112974,112975],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,112976,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,112978,9432],{"class":47},[33,112980,236],{"class":79},[33,112982,273],{"class":83},[33,112984,236],{"class":79},[33,112986,55],{"class":47},[33,112988,245],{"class":79},[33,112990,282],{"class":83},[33,112992,236],{"class":79},[33,112994,55],{"class":47},[33,112996,245],{"class":79},[33,112998,291],{"class":83},[33,113000,236],{"class":79},[33,113002,55],{"class":47},[33,113004,245],{"class":79},[33,113006,63262],{"class":83},[33,113008,236],{"class":79},[33,113010,9462],{"class":47},[14,113012,22343,113013,113016],{},[30,113014,113015],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[316,113018,113019,113023,113027],{},[319,113020,113021],{},[30,113022,66457],{},[319,113024,113025],{},[30,113026,18249],{},[319,113028,113029],{},[30,113030,113031],{},"\"t\"",[18,113033,113035,10739,113037],{"id":113034},"union-vs-update",[30,113036,102778],{},[30,113038,15108],{},[14,113040,113041,2030,113043,113045],{},[30,113042,102778],{},[30,113044,15108],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[664,113047,113048],{"id":111248},[30,113049,102778],{},[316,113051,113052,113054],{},[319,113053,110610],{},[319,113055,110619],{},[23,113057,113058],{"className":25,"code":112143,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,113059,113060,113076,113092,113096,113114,113118,113130],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113061,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072,113074],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113063,2729],{"class":39},[33,113065,44],{"class":43},[33,113067,10644],{"class":47},[33,113069,52],{"class":51},[33,113071,55],{"class":47},[33,113073,58],{"class":51},[33,113075,9462],{"class":47},[33,113077,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113079,2757],{"class":39},[33,113081,44],{"class":43},[33,113083,10644],{"class":47},[33,113085,2234],{"class":51},[33,113087,55],{"class":47},[33,113089,63],{"class":51},[33,113091,9462],{"class":47},[33,113093,113094],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113095,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113099,1506],{"class":39},[33,113101,44],{"class":43},[33,113103,57031],{"class":39},[33,113105,310],{"class":47},[33,113107,111248],{"class":162},[33,113109,133],{"class":47},[33,113111,282],{"class":162},[33,113113,143],{"class":47},[33,113115,113116],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,113117,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,113121,157],{"class":156},[33,113123,133],{"class":47},[33,113125,1530],{"class":162},[33,113127,3831],{"class":47},[33,113129,112216],{"class":1308},[33,113131,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,113133,157],{"class":156},[33,113135,133],{"class":47},[33,113137,273],{"class":162},[33,113139,3831],{"class":47},[33,113141,112229],{"class":1308},[664,113143,113144],{"id":30618},[30,113145,15108],{},[316,113147,113148,113151],{},[319,113149,113150],{},"changes the existing set in place",[319,113152,113153],{},"does not create a separate result set",[23,113155,113157],{"className":25,"code":113156,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,113158,113159,113175,113191,113195,113209,113213],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113160,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113162,2729],{"class":39},[33,113164,44],{"class":43},[33,113166,10644],{"class":47},[33,113168,52],{"class":51},[33,113170,55],{"class":47},[33,113172,58],{"class":51},[33,113174,9462],{"class":47},[33,113176,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113178,2757],{"class":39},[33,113180,44],{"class":43},[33,113182,10644],{"class":47},[33,113184,2234],{"class":51},[33,113186,55],{"class":47},[33,113188,63],{"class":51},[33,113190,9462],{"class":47},[33,113192,113193],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113194,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113196,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113198,273],{"class":39},[33,113200,310],{"class":47},[33,113202,30618],{"class":162},[33,113204,133],{"class":47},[33,113206,282],{"class":162},[33,113208,143],{"class":47},[33,113210,113211],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,113212,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113214,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,113216,157],{"class":156},[33,113218,133],{"class":47},[33,113220,273],{"class":162},[33,113222,3831],{"class":47},[33,113224,112216],{"class":1308},[14,113226,672,113227,113229],{},[30,113228,102778],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113231,113232,113233,310],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[273,113234,2076,113235,887],{"href":98498},[30,113236,97293],{},[18,113238,1288],{"id":1287},[664,113240,1487,113242,113244],{"id":113241},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[30,113243,102778],{}," to change the original set",[14,113246,81803],{},[23,113248,113250],{"className":25,"code":113249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[30,113251,113252,113268,113284,113288,113302],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113253,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262,113264,113266],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113255,2729],{"class":39},[33,113257,44],{"class":43},[33,113259,10644],{"class":47},[33,113261,52],{"class":51},[33,113263,55],{"class":47},[33,113265,58],{"class":51},[33,113267,9462],{"class":47},[33,113269,113270,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113271,2757],{"class":39},[33,113273,44],{"class":43},[33,113275,10644],{"class":47},[33,113277,2234],{"class":51},[33,113279,55],{"class":47},[33,113281,63],{"class":51},[33,113283,9462],{"class":47},[33,113285,113286],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113287,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113289,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113291,273],{"class":39},[33,113293,310],{"class":47},[33,113295,111248],{"class":162},[33,113297,133],{"class":47},[33,113299,282],{"class":162},[33,113301,143],{"class":47},[33,113303,113304,113306,113308,113310],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,113305,157],{"class":156},[33,113307,133],{"class":47},[33,113309,273],{"class":162},[33,113311,143],{"class":47},[14,113313,207],{},[23,113315,113316],{"className":25,"code":100486,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,113317,113318],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113319,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113321,9432],{"class":47},[33,113323,52],{"class":51},[33,113325,55],{"class":47},[33,113327,58],{"class":51},[33,113329,9462],{"class":47},[14,113331,8651,113332,113334],{},[30,113333,102778],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113336,113337],{},"Fix it like this:",[23,113339,113341],{"className":25,"code":113340,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[30,113342,113343,113359,113375,113379,113397],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113344,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355,113357],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113346,2729],{"class":39},[33,113348,44],{"class":43},[33,113350,10644],{"class":47},[33,113352,52],{"class":51},[33,113354,55],{"class":47},[33,113356,58],{"class":51},[33,113358,9462],{"class":47},[33,113360,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113362,2757],{"class":39},[33,113364,44],{"class":43},[33,113366,10644],{"class":47},[33,113368,2234],{"class":51},[33,113370,55],{"class":47},[33,113372,63],{"class":51},[33,113374,9462],{"class":47},[33,113376,113377],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113378,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113382,2729],{"class":39},[33,113384,44],{"class":43},[33,113386,57031],{"class":39},[33,113388,310],{"class":47},[33,113390,111248],{"class":162},[33,113392,133],{"class":47},[33,113394,282],{"class":162},[33,113396,143],{"class":47},[33,113398,113399,113401,113403,113405],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,113400,157],{"class":156},[33,113402,133],{"class":47},[33,113404,273],{"class":162},[33,113406,143],{"class":47},[664,113408,113410],{"id":113409},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113412,113413],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[23,113415,113417],{"className":25,"code":113416,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[30,113418,113419,113435,113451,113455],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113420,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113422,2729],{"class":39},[33,113424,44],{"class":43},[33,113426,10644],{"class":47},[33,113428,2240],{"class":51},[33,113430,55],{"class":47},[33,113432,1119],{"class":51},[33,113434,9462],{"class":47},[33,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113438,2757],{"class":39},[33,113440,44],{"class":43},[33,113442,10644],{"class":47},[33,113444,2234],{"class":51},[33,113446,55],{"class":47},[33,113448,1132],{"class":51},[33,113450,9462],{"class":47},[33,113452,113453],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113454,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,113456,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465,113467,113469,113471],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113458,157],{"class":156},[33,113460,133],{"class":47},[33,113462,273],{"class":162},[33,113464,310],{"class":47},[33,113466,111248],{"class":162},[33,113468,133],{"class":47},[33,113470,282],{"class":162},[33,113472,733],{"class":47},[14,113474,113475],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[664,113477,113479],{"id":113478},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[23,113481,113483],{"className":25,"code":113482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,113484,113485,113501,113523],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113486,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113488,1655],{"class":39},[33,113490,44],{"class":43},[33,113492,10644],{"class":47},[33,113494,80],{"class":79},[33,113496,58271],{"class":83},[33,113498,80],{"class":79},[33,113500,9462],{"class":47},[33,113502,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113504,1506],{"class":39},[33,113506,44],{"class":43},[33,113508,6327],{"class":39},[33,113510,310],{"class":47},[33,113512,111248],{"class":162},[33,113514,133],{"class":47},[33,113516,80],{"class":79},[33,113518,37201],{"class":83},[33,113520,80],{"class":79},[33,113522,143],{"class":47},[33,113524,113525,113527,113529,113531],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113526,157],{"class":156},[33,113528,133],{"class":47},[33,113530,1530],{"class":162},[33,113532,143],{"class":47},[14,113534,113535,113536,1931,113538,1938,113540,113542,113543,113545],{},"This adds ",[30,113537,66457],{},[30,113539,18249],{},[30,113541,113031],{}," as separate items, not ",[30,113544,113015],{}," as one item.",[14,113547,113548],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[23,113550,113552],{"className":25,"code":113551,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[30,113553,113554,113570,113592],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113557,1655],{"class":39},[33,113559,44],{"class":43},[33,113561,10644],{"class":47},[33,113563,80],{"class":79},[33,113565,58271],{"class":83},[33,113567,80],{"class":79},[33,113569,9462],{"class":47},[33,113571,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113573,1506],{"class":39},[33,113575,44],{"class":43},[33,113577,6327],{"class":39},[33,113579,310],{"class":47},[33,113581,111248],{"class":162},[33,113583,3162],{"class":47},[33,113585,80],{"class":79},[33,113587,37201],{"class":83},[33,113589,80],{"class":79},[33,113591,4059],{"class":47},[33,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113595,157],{"class":156},[33,113597,133],{"class":47},[33,113599,1530],{"class":162},[33,113601,143],{"class":47},[664,113603,113605],{"id":113604},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113607,3013],{},[23,113609,113611],{"className":25,"code":113610,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[30,113612,113613],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113614,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113616,15780],{"class":39},[33,113618,44],{"class":43},[33,113620,10644],{"class":47},[33,113622,52],{"class":51},[33,113624,55],{"class":47},[33,113626,58],{"class":51},[33,113628,55],{"class":47},[33,113630,48],{"class":47},[33,113632,2240],{"class":51},[33,113634,55],{"class":47},[33,113636,1132],{"class":51},[33,113638,13859],{"class":47},[14,113640,113641],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113643,113644,113645,3061],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[30,113646,102778],{},[23,113648,113650],{"className":25,"code":113649,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[30,113651,113652,113668,113690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113653,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113655,15780],{"class":39},[33,113657,44],{"class":43},[33,113659,10644],{"class":47},[33,113661,52],{"class":51},[33,113663,55],{"class":47},[33,113665,58],{"class":51},[33,113667,9462],{"class":47},[33,113669,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113671,1506],{"class":39},[33,113673,44],{"class":43},[33,113675,96903],{"class":39},[33,113677,310],{"class":47},[33,113679,111248],{"class":162},[33,113681,3162],{"class":47},[33,113683,2240],{"class":51},[33,113685,55],{"class":47},[33,113687,1132],{"class":51},[33,113689,4059],{"class":47},[33,113691,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113693,157],{"class":156},[33,113695,133],{"class":47},[33,113697,1530],{"class":162},[33,113699,143],{"class":47},[18,113701,113703],{"id":113702},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113705,113706],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[316,113708,113709,113715,113722,113725],{},[319,113710,113711,113712,113714],{},"call ",[30,113713,102778],{}," without saving the returned set",[319,113716,113717,113718,8860,113720],{},"confuse ",[30,113719,102778],{},[30,113721,15108],{},[319,113723,113724],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[319,113726,113727],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113729,113730,113731,2030,113735,310],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[273,113732,2076,113733,887],{"href":102767},[30,113734,106552],{},[273,113736,2076,113738,887],{"href":113737},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[30,113739,100398],{},[14,113741,62270],{},[23,113743,113745],{"className":25,"code":113744,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[30,113746,113747,113757,113771,113781],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113748,113749,113751,113753,113755],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113750,157],{"class":156},[33,113752,133],{"class":47},[33,113754,15818],{"class":162},[33,113756,143],{"class":47},[33,113758,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113760,157],{"class":156},[33,113762,133],{"class":47},[33,113764,1406],{"class":129},[33,113766,133],{"class":47},[33,113768,15818],{"class":162},[33,113770,733],{"class":47},[33,113772,113773,113775,113777,113779],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113774,157],{"class":156},[33,113776,133],{"class":47},[33,113778,1530],{"class":162},[33,113780,143],{"class":47},[33,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,113784,32307],{"class":156},[33,113786,133],{"class":47},[33,113788,6446],{"class":129},[33,113790,310],{"class":47},[33,113792,111248],{"class":24904},[33,113794,143],{"class":47},[18,113796,1961],{"id":1960},[664,113798,12857,113800,102718],{"id":113799},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[30,113801,108022],{},[14,113803,102721],{},[664,113805,5334,113807,113809],{"id":113806},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[30,113808,102778],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113811,113812],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[664,113814,28481,113816,113818],{"id":113815},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[30,113817,102778],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113820,42305,113821,113823],{},[30,113822,102778],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[664,113825,113827],{"id":113826},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113829,113830],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[664,113832,2027,113834,2030,113836,2033],{"id":113833},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[30,113835,102778],{},[30,113837,113838],{},"|",[14,113840,113841,113842,113844,113845,113847],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[30,113843,113838],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[30,113846,102778],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[18,113849,2045],{"id":2044},[316,113851,113852,113856,113862,113868,113874],{},[319,113853,113854],{},[273,113855,96307],{"href":97478},[319,113857,113858],{},[273,113859,2076,113860,887],{"href":98498},[30,113861,97293],{},[319,113863,113864],{},[273,113865,2076,113866,887],{"href":102767},[30,113867,106552],{},[319,113869,113870],{},[273,113871,2076,113872,887],{"href":113737},[30,113873,100398],{},[319,113875,113876],{},[273,113877,100323],{"href":99056},[2097,113879,113880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":113882},[113883,113884,113886,113887,113888,113889,113891,113897,113902,113909,113910,113921],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":111978,"depth":69,"text":113885},"What set.union() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":22123,"depth":69,"text":22124},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":112465,"depth":69,"text":113890},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112623,"depth":69,"text":113892,"children":113893},"Using union() with other iterables",[113894,113895,113896],{"id":112634,"depth":110,"text":112635},{"id":112754,"depth":110,"text":112755},{"id":112896,"depth":110,"text":112897},{"id":113034,"depth":69,"text":113898,"children":113899},"union() vs update()",[113900,113901],{"id":111248,"depth":110,"text":102778},{"id":30618,"depth":110,"text":15108},{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":113903},[113904,113906,113907,113908],{"id":113241,"depth":110,"text":113905},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113409,"depth":110,"text":113410},{"id":113478,"depth":110,"text":113479},{"id":113604,"depth":110,"text":113605},{"id":113702,"depth":69,"text":113703},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":113911},[113912,113914,113916,113918,113919],{"id":113799,"depth":110,"text":113913},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113806,"depth":110,"text":113915},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113815,"depth":110,"text":113917},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113826,"depth":110,"text":113827},{"id":113833,"depth":110,"text":113920},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111858,"description":113922},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113928,"title":113929,"body":113930,"description":115819,"extension":2138,"meta":115820,"navigation":149,"path":96792,"seo":115821,"stem":115822,"__hash__":115823},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113931,"toc":115785},[113932,113937,113942,113950,113952,114010,114015,114020,114024,114036,114039,114113,114118,114120,114122,114141,114143,114160,114163,114190,114192,114262,114266,114268,114274,114276,114337,114342,114344,114401,114405,114410,114475,114477,114497,114504,114508,114513,114598,114601,114608,114711,114715,114720,114778,114781,114792,114806,114813,114871,114878,114881,114891,114895,114953,114957,115023,115026,115084,115091,115098,115101,115105,115114,115183,115187,115193,115281,115291,115295,115299,115303,115306,115367,115372,115429,115433,115435,115470,115477,115479,115533,115540,115544,115547,115612,115621,115627,115684,115686,115691,115695,115699,115702,115709,115717,115721,115726,115730,115736,115738,115773,115782],[10,113933,96179,113935,2059],{"id":113934},"python-set-update-method",[30,113936,15108],{},[14,113938,113939,113941],{},[30,113940,97293],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113943,113944,113945,113949],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[273,113946,113947],{"href":98479},[30,113948,96187],{},", which adds only one item.",[18,113951,21],{"id":20},[23,113953,113955],{"className":25,"code":113954,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,113956,113957,113973,113995,114005],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,113958,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,113960,40],{"class":39},[33,113962,44],{"class":43},[33,113964,10644],{"class":47},[33,113966,52],{"class":51},[33,113968,55],{"class":47},[33,113970,58],{"class":51},[33,113972,9462],{"class":47},[33,113974,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,113976,163],{"class":39},[33,113978,310],{"class":47},[33,113980,30618],{"class":162},[33,113982,3162],{"class":47},[33,113984,2234],{"class":51},[33,113986,55],{"class":47},[33,113988,63],{"class":51},[33,113990,55],{"class":47},[33,113992,1132],{"class":51},[33,113994,4059],{"class":47},[33,113996,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,113998,157],{"class":156},[33,114000,133],{"class":47},[33,114002,163],{"class":162},[33,114004,143],{"class":47},[33,114006,114007],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114008,114009],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114011,672,114012,114014],{},[30,114013,15108],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[18,114016,3848,114018,3851],{"id":114017},"what-setupdate-does",[30,114019,97293],{},[14,114021,114022,3061],{},[30,114023,97293],{},[316,114025,114026,114029,114031,114034],{},[319,114027,114028],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[319,114030,96294],{},[319,114032,114033],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[319,114035,96297],{},[14,114037,114038],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[23,114040,114042],{"className":25,"code":114041,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[30,114043,114044,114068,114094,114098,114108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114045,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114047,13229],{"class":39},[33,114049,44],{"class":43},[33,114051,10644],{"class":47},[33,114053,80],{"class":79},[33,114055,13246],{"class":83},[33,114057,80],{"class":79},[33,114059,55],{"class":47},[33,114061,91],{"class":79},[33,114063,13263],{"class":83},[33,114065,80],{"class":79},[33,114067,9462],{"class":47},[33,114069,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114071,17655],{"class":39},[33,114073,310],{"class":47},[33,114075,30618],{"class":162},[33,114077,3162],{"class":47},[33,114079,80],{"class":79},[33,114081,13263],{"class":83},[33,114083,80],{"class":79},[33,114085,55],{"class":47},[33,114087,91],{"class":79},[33,114089,17608],{"class":83},[33,114091,80],{"class":79},[33,114093,4059],{"class":47},[33,114095,114096],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114097,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114099,114100,114102,114104,114106],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114101,157],{"class":156},[33,114103,133],{"class":47},[33,114105,17655],{"class":162},[33,114107,143],{"class":47},[33,114109,114110],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114111,114112],{"class":1308},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114114,21131,114115,114117],{},[30,114116,111013],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[18,114119,2334],{"id":2333},[14,114121,7377],{},[23,114123,114125],{"className":25,"code":114124,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[30,114126,114127],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114128,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114130,15818],{"class":39},[33,114132,310],{"class":47},[33,114134,30618],{"class":162},[33,114136,133],{"class":47},[33,114138,3892],{"class":162},[33,114140,143],{"class":47},[14,114142,80179],{},[316,114144,114145,114148,114151,114154,114157],{},[319,114146,114147],{},"A list",[319,114149,114150],{},"A tuple",[319,114152,114153],{},"Another set",[319,114155,114156],{},"A string",[319,114158,114159],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114161,114162],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[23,114164,114166],{"className":25,"code":114165,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[30,114167,114168],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114171,15818],{"class":39},[33,114173,310],{"class":47},[33,114175,30618],{"class":162},[33,114177,133],{"class":47},[33,114179,273],{"class":162},[33,114181,55],{"class":47},[33,114183,2734],{"class":162},[33,114185,55],{"class":47},[33,114187,9835],{"class":162},[33,114189,143],{"class":47},[14,114191,367],{},[23,114193,114195],{"className":25,"code":114194,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[30,114196,114197,114209,114243,114247,114257],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114198,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114200,1071],{"class":39},[33,114202,44],{"class":43},[33,114204,10644],{"class":47},[33,114206,52],{"class":51},[33,114208,9462],{"class":47},[33,114210,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114212,1096],{"class":39},[33,114214,310],{"class":47},[33,114216,30618],{"class":162},[33,114218,3162],{"class":47},[33,114220,2234],{"class":51},[33,114222,55],{"class":47},[33,114224,63],{"class":51},[33,114226,18215],{"class":47},[33,114228,1381],{"class":47},[33,114230,2679],{"class":51},[33,114232,55],{"class":47},[33,114234,4770],{"class":51},[33,114236,9388],{"class":47},[33,114238,10644],{"class":47},[33,114240,80570],{"class":51},[33,114242,30650],{"class":47},[33,114244,114245],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114246,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114248,114249,114251,114253,114255],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114250,157],{"class":156},[33,114252,133],{"class":47},[33,114254,1096],{"class":162},[33,114256,143],{"class":47},[33,114258,114259],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114260,114261],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114263,96303,114264,310],{},[273,114265,96311],{"href":97862},[18,114267,22124],{"id":22123},[14,114269,114270,2572,114272,310],{},[30,114271,97293],{},[30,114273,3950],{},[14,114275,11867],{},[23,114277,114279],{"className":25,"code":114278,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[30,114280,114281,114297,114319,114323,114333],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114282,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114284,40],{"class":39},[33,114286,44],{"class":43},[33,114288,10644],{"class":47},[33,114290,52],{"class":51},[33,114292,55],{"class":47},[33,114294,58],{"class":51},[33,114296,9462],{"class":47},[33,114298,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114300,1506],{"class":39},[33,114302,44],{"class":43},[33,114304,4430],{"class":39},[33,114306,310],{"class":47},[33,114308,30618],{"class":162},[33,114310,3162],{"class":47},[33,114312,2240],{"class":51},[33,114314,55],{"class":47},[33,114316,1132],{"class":51},[33,114318,4059],{"class":47},[33,114320,114321],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114322,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114324,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114326,157],{"class":156},[33,114328,133],{"class":47},[33,114330,1530],{"class":162},[33,114332,143],{"class":47},[33,114334,114335],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114336,61806],{"class":1308},[14,114338,114339,114340,310],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[30,114341,1530],{},[14,114343,19121],{},[23,114345,114347],{"className":25,"code":114346,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,114348,114349,114365,114383,114387,114397],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114350,114351,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114352,40],{"class":39},[33,114354,44],{"class":43},[33,114356,10644],{"class":47},[33,114358,52],{"class":51},[33,114360,55],{"class":47},[33,114362,58],{"class":51},[33,114364,9462],{"class":47},[33,114366,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114368,163],{"class":39},[33,114370,310],{"class":47},[33,114372,30618],{"class":162},[33,114374,3162],{"class":47},[33,114376,2240],{"class":51},[33,114378,55],{"class":47},[33,114380,1132],{"class":51},[33,114382,4059],{"class":47},[33,114384,114385],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114386,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114388,114389,114391,114393,114395],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114390,157],{"class":156},[33,114392,133],{"class":47},[33,114394,163],{"class":162},[33,114396,143],{"class":47},[33,114398,114399],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114400,114009],{"class":1308},[18,114402,114404],{"id":114403},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114406,114407,114408,310],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[30,114409,15108],{},[23,114411,114413],{"className":25,"code":114412,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,114414,114415,114431,114457,114461,114471],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114416,114417,114419,114421,114423,114425,114427,114429],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114418,40],{"class":39},[33,114420,44],{"class":43},[33,114422,10644],{"class":47},[33,114424,52],{"class":51},[33,114426,55],{"class":47},[33,114428,58],{"class":51},[33,114430,9462],{"class":47},[33,114432,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114434,163],{"class":39},[33,114436,310],{"class":47},[33,114438,30618],{"class":162},[33,114440,3162],{"class":47},[33,114442,2234],{"class":51},[33,114444,55],{"class":47},[33,114446,63],{"class":51},[33,114448,55],{"class":47},[33,114450,1132],{"class":51},[33,114452,55],{"class":47},[33,114454,1132],{"class":51},[33,114456,4059],{"class":47},[33,114458,114459],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114460,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114462,114463,114465,114467,114469],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114464,157],{"class":156},[33,114466,133],{"class":47},[33,114468,163],{"class":162},[33,114470,143],{"class":47},[33,114472,114473],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114474,114009],{"class":1308},[14,114476,11836],{},[316,114478,114479,114484,114491],{},[319,114480,114481,114483],{},[30,114482,2234],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[319,114485,114486,2030,114488,114490],{},[30,114487,2240],{},[30,114489,2679],{}," are added",[319,114492,114493,114494,114496],{},"The second ",[30,114495,2679],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114498,114499,114500,114503],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[273,114501,114502],{"href":99056},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[18,114505,114507],{"id":114506},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114509,7922,114510,114512],{},[30,114511,15108],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[23,114514,114516],{"className":25,"code":114515,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[30,114517,114518,114539,114560,114564,114580,114584,114594],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114519,114520,114523,114525,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114521,114522],{"class":39},"set_a ",[33,114524,44],{"class":43},[33,114526,10644],{"class":47},[33,114528,52],{"class":51},[33,114530,55],{"class":47},[33,114532,58],{"class":51},[33,114534,55],{"class":47},[33,114536,63],{"class":51},[33,114538,9462],{"class":47},[33,114540,114541,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114542,114543],{"class":39},"set_b ",[33,114545,44],{"class":43},[33,114547,10644],{"class":47},[33,114549,2240],{"class":51},[33,114551,55],{"class":47},[33,114553,1132],{"class":51},[33,114555,55],{"class":47},[33,114557,4770],{"class":51},[33,114559,9462],{"class":47},[33,114561,114562],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114563,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114565,114566,114569,114571,114573,114575,114578],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114567,114568],{"class":39},"set_a",[33,114570,310],{"class":47},[33,114572,30618],{"class":162},[33,114574,133],{"class":47},[33,114576,114577],{"class":162},"set_b",[33,114579,143],{"class":47},[33,114581,114582],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114583,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,114587,157],{"class":156},[33,114589,133],{"class":47},[33,114591,114568],{"class":162},[33,114593,143],{"class":47},[33,114595,114596],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,114597,111970],{"class":1308},[14,114599,114600],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114602,114603,114604,310],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[273,114605,114606],{"href":102775},[30,114607,108022],{},[23,114609,114611],{"className":25,"code":114610,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114612,114613,114633,114653,114657,114677,114681,114692,114696,114706],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114614,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114616,114522],{"class":39},[33,114618,44],{"class":43},[33,114620,10644],{"class":47},[33,114622,52],{"class":51},[33,114624,55],{"class":47},[33,114626,58],{"class":51},[33,114628,55],{"class":47},[33,114630,63],{"class":51},[33,114632,9462],{"class":47},[33,114634,114635,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114636,114543],{"class":39},[33,114638,44],{"class":43},[33,114640,10644],{"class":47},[33,114642,2240],{"class":51},[33,114644,55],{"class":47},[33,114646,1132],{"class":51},[33,114648,55],{"class":47},[33,114650,4770],{"class":51},[33,114652,9462],{"class":47},[33,114654,114655],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114656,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114658,114659,114662,114664,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114660,114661],{"class":39},"combined ",[33,114663,44],{"class":43},[33,114665,114666],{"class":39}," set_a",[33,114668,310],{"class":47},[33,114670,111248],{"class":162},[33,114672,133],{"class":47},[33,114674,114577],{"class":162},[33,114676,143],{"class":47},[33,114678,114679],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114680,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114682,114683,114685,114687,114690],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,114684,157],{"class":156},[33,114686,133],{"class":47},[33,114688,114689],{"class":162},"combined",[33,114691,143],{"class":47},[33,114693,114694],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,114695,111970],{"class":1308},[33,114697,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,114699,157],{"class":156},[33,114701,133],{"class":47},[33,114703,114568],{"class":162},[33,114705,143],{"class":47},[33,114707,114708],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,114709,114710],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114712,114714],{"id":114713},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114716,64715,114717,114719],{},[30,114718,15108],{}," adds each character separately.",[23,114721,114723],{"className":25,"code":114722,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[30,114724,114725,114741,114759,114763,114773],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114726,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114728,124],{"class":39},[33,114730,44],{"class":43},[33,114732,10644],{"class":47},[33,114734,80],{"class":79},[33,114736,2351],{"class":83},[33,114738,80],{"class":79},[33,114740,9462],{"class":47},[33,114742,114743,114745,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114744,199],{"class":39},[33,114746,310],{"class":47},[33,114748,30618],{"class":162},[33,114750,133],{"class":47},[33,114752,80],{"class":79},[33,114754,37201],{"class":83},[33,114756,80],{"class":79},[33,114758,143],{"class":47},[33,114760,114761],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114762,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114764,114765,114767,114769,114771],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114766,157],{"class":156},[33,114768,133],{"class":47},[33,114770,199],{"class":162},[33,114772,143],{"class":47},[33,114774,114775],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114776,114777],{"class":1308},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114779,114780],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114782,114783,14207,114786,114788,114789,114791],{},[30,114784,114785],{},"update(\"cat\")",[205,114787,4796],{}," add ",[30,114790,113015],{}," as one item. It adds:",[316,114793,114794,114798,114802],{},[319,114795,114796],{},[30,114797,66457],{},[319,114799,114800],{},[30,114801,18249],{},[319,114803,114804],{},[30,114805,113031],{},[14,114807,114808,114809,3061],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[273,114810,114811],{"href":98479},[30,114812,96187],{},[23,114814,114816],{"className":25,"code":114815,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114817,114818,114834,114852,114856,114866],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114819,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114821,1655],{"class":39},[33,114823,44],{"class":43},[33,114825,10644],{"class":47},[33,114827,80],{"class":79},[33,114829,58271],{"class":83},[33,114831,80],{"class":79},[33,114833,9462],{"class":47},[33,114835,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114837,1680],{"class":39},[33,114839,310],{"class":47},[33,114841,82082],{"class":162},[33,114843,133],{"class":47},[33,114845,80],{"class":79},[33,114847,37201],{"class":83},[33,114849,80],{"class":79},[33,114851,143],{"class":47},[33,114853,114854],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114855,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114857,114858,114860,114862,114864],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114859,157],{"class":156},[33,114861,133],{"class":47},[33,114863,1680],{"class":162},[33,114865,143],{"class":47},[33,114867,114868],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114869,114870],{"class":1308},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114872,114874,10739,114876],{"id":114873},"update-vs-add",[30,114875,15108],{},[30,114877,96182],{},[14,114879,114880],{},"The difference is simple:",[316,114882,114883,114887],{},[319,114884,114885,96781],{},[30,114886,96182],{},[319,114888,114889,96786],{},[30,114890,15108],{},[14,114892,46194,114893,3061],{},[30,114894,96182],{},[23,114896,114898],{"className":25,"code":114897,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[30,114899,114900,114916,114934,114938,114948],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114901,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114903,36392],{"class":39},[33,114905,44],{"class":43},[33,114907,10644],{"class":47},[33,114909,80],{"class":79},[33,114911,386],{"class":83},[33,114913,80],{"class":79},[33,114915,9462],{"class":47},[33,114917,114918,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114919,36444],{"class":39},[33,114921,310],{"class":47},[33,114923,82082],{"class":162},[33,114925,133],{"class":47},[33,114927,80],{"class":79},[33,114929,4255],{"class":83},[33,114931,80],{"class":79},[33,114933,143],{"class":47},[33,114935,114936],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,114937,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,114939,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,114941,157],{"class":156},[33,114943,133],{"class":47},[33,114945,36444],{"class":162},[33,114947,143],{"class":47},[33,114949,114950],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,114951,114952],{"class":1308},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114954,46194,114955,3061],{},[30,114956,15108],{},[23,114958,114960],{"className":25,"code":114959,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[30,114961,114962,114978,115004,115008,115018],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,114963,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,114965,36392],{"class":39},[33,114967,44],{"class":43},[33,114969,10644],{"class":47},[33,114971,80],{"class":79},[33,114973,386],{"class":83},[33,114975,80],{"class":79},[33,114977,9462],{"class":47},[33,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,114981,36444],{"class":39},[33,114983,310],{"class":47},[33,114985,30618],{"class":162},[33,114987,3162],{"class":47},[33,114989,80],{"class":79},[33,114991,4255],{"class":83},[33,114993,80],{"class":79},[33,114995,55],{"class":47},[33,114997,91],{"class":79},[33,114999,33376],{"class":83},[33,115001,80],{"class":79},[33,115003,4059],{"class":47},[33,115005,115006],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115007,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115009,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115011,157],{"class":156},[33,115013,133],{"class":47},[33,115015,36444],{"class":162},[33,115017,143],{"class":47},[33,115019,115020],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115021,115022],{"class":1308},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115024,115025],{},"Important warning with strings:",[23,115027,115029],{"className":25,"code":115028,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[30,115030,115031,115047,115065,115069,115079],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115032,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041,115043,115045],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115034,36392],{"class":39},[33,115036,44],{"class":43},[33,115038,10644],{"class":47},[33,115040,80],{"class":79},[33,115042,386],{"class":83},[33,115044,80],{"class":79},[33,115046,9462],{"class":47},[33,115048,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115050,36444],{"class":39},[33,115052,310],{"class":47},[33,115054,30618],{"class":162},[33,115056,133],{"class":47},[33,115058,80],{"class":79},[33,115060,38495],{"class":83},[33,115062,80],{"class":79},[33,115064,143],{"class":47},[33,115066,115067],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115068,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115070,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115072,157],{"class":156},[33,115074,133],{"class":47},[33,115076,36444],{"class":162},[33,115078,143],{"class":47},[33,115080,115081],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115082,115083],{"class":1308},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115085,62081,115086,62154,115089,6789],{},[30,115087,115088],{},"\"kiwi\"",[30,115090,96182],{},[18,115092,115094,10739,115096],{"id":115093},"update-vs-union",[30,115095,15108],{},[30,115097,102778],{},[14,115099,115100],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[664,115102,115103],{"id":30618},[30,115104,15108],{},[316,115106,115107,115110],{},[319,115108,115109],{},"Changes the existing set",[319,115111,11575,115112],{},[30,115113,3950],{},[23,115115,115117],{"className":25,"code":115116,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,115118,115119,115135,115151,115155,115169,115179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115120,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115122,2729],{"class":39},[33,115124,44],{"class":43},[33,115126,10644],{"class":47},[33,115128,52],{"class":51},[33,115130,55],{"class":47},[33,115132,58],{"class":51},[33,115134,9462],{"class":47},[33,115136,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115138,2757],{"class":39},[33,115140,44],{"class":43},[33,115142,10644],{"class":47},[33,115144,2234],{"class":51},[33,115146,55],{"class":47},[33,115148,63],{"class":51},[33,115150,9462],{"class":47},[33,115152,115153],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115154,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115156,115157,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115158,273],{"class":39},[33,115160,310],{"class":47},[33,115162,30618],{"class":162},[33,115164,133],{"class":47},[33,115166,282],{"class":162},[33,115168,143],{"class":47},[33,115170,115171,115173,115175,115177],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115172,157],{"class":156},[33,115174,133],{"class":47},[33,115176,273],{"class":162},[33,115178,143],{"class":47},[33,115180,115181],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,115182,114710],{"class":1308},[664,115184,115185],{"id":111248},[30,115186,102778],{},[316,115188,115189,115191],{},[319,115190,101316],{},[319,115192,101319],{},[23,115194,115196],{"className":25,"code":115195,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[30,115197,115198,115214,115230,115234,115252,115262,115266,115276],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115199,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115201,2729],{"class":39},[33,115203,44],{"class":43},[33,115205,10644],{"class":47},[33,115207,52],{"class":51},[33,115209,55],{"class":47},[33,115211,58],{"class":51},[33,115213,9462],{"class":47},[33,115215,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115217,2757],{"class":39},[33,115219,44],{"class":43},[33,115221,10644],{"class":47},[33,115223,2234],{"class":51},[33,115225,55],{"class":47},[33,115227,63],{"class":51},[33,115229,9462],{"class":47},[33,115231,115232],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115233,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115235,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115237,83162],{"class":39},[33,115239,44],{"class":43},[33,115241,57031],{"class":39},[33,115243,310],{"class":47},[33,115245,111248],{"class":162},[33,115247,133],{"class":47},[33,115249,282],{"class":162},[33,115251,143],{"class":47},[33,115253,115254,115256,115258,115260],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115255,157],{"class":156},[33,115257,133],{"class":47},[33,115259,291],{"class":162},[33,115261,143],{"class":47},[33,115263,115264],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,115265,114710],{"class":1308},[33,115267,115268,115270,115272,115274],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,115269,157],{"class":156},[33,115271,133],{"class":47},[33,115273,273],{"class":162},[33,115275,143],{"class":47},[33,115277,115278],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,115279,115280],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115282,107664,115283,115285,115286,115290],{},[30,115284,15108],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[273,115287,115288],{"href":102775},[30,115289,102778],{}," when you want a new set.",[18,115292,115294],{"id":115293},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115296,10901,115297,310],{},[30,115298,97293],{},[664,115300,115302],{"id":115301},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115304,115305],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[23,115307,115309],{"className":25,"code":115308,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[30,115310,115311,115327,115349,115353,115363],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115312,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115314,15780],{"class":39},[33,115316,44],{"class":43},[33,115318,10644],{"class":47},[33,115320,52],{"class":51},[33,115322,55],{"class":47},[33,115324,58],{"class":51},[33,115326,9462],{"class":47},[33,115328,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115330,1506],{"class":39},[33,115332,44],{"class":43},[33,115334,96903],{"class":39},[33,115336,310],{"class":47},[33,115338,30618],{"class":162},[33,115340,3162],{"class":47},[33,115342,2240],{"class":51},[33,115344,55],{"class":47},[33,115346,1132],{"class":51},[33,115348,4059],{"class":47},[33,115350,115351],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115352,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115354,115355,115357,115359,115361],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115356,157],{"class":156},[33,115358,133],{"class":47},[33,115360,1530],{"class":162},[33,115362,143],{"class":47},[33,115364,115365],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115366,61806],{"class":1308},[14,115368,115369,115370,3061],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[30,115371,15108],{},[23,115373,115375],{"className":25,"code":115374,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[30,115376,115377,115393,115411,115415,115425],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115380,15780],{"class":39},[33,115382,44],{"class":43},[33,115384,10644],{"class":47},[33,115386,52],{"class":51},[33,115388,55],{"class":47},[33,115390,58],{"class":51},[33,115392,9462],{"class":47},[33,115394,115395,115397,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115396,15818],{"class":39},[33,115398,310],{"class":47},[33,115400,30618],{"class":162},[33,115402,3162],{"class":47},[33,115404,2240],{"class":51},[33,115406,55],{"class":47},[33,115408,1132],{"class":51},[33,115410,4059],{"class":47},[33,115412,115413],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115414,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115416,115417,115419,115421,115423],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115418,157],{"class":156},[33,115420,133],{"class":47},[33,115422,15818],{"class":162},[33,115424,143],{"class":47},[33,115426,115427],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115428,114009],{"class":1308},[664,115430,115432],{"id":115431},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115434,3013],{},[23,115436,115438],{"className":25,"code":115437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[30,115439,115440,115456],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115441,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115443,15780],{"class":39},[33,115445,44],{"class":43},[33,115447,10644],{"class":47},[33,115449,52],{"class":51},[33,115451,55],{"class":47},[33,115453,58],{"class":51},[33,115455,9462],{"class":47},[33,115457,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115459,15818],{"class":39},[33,115461,310],{"class":47},[33,115463,30618],{"class":162},[33,115465,133],{"class":47},[33,115467,1085],{"class":51},[33,115469,143],{"class":47},[14,115471,62260,115472,8757,115474,115476],{},[30,115473,3181],{},[30,115475,1085],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115478,6712],{},[23,115480,115482],{"className":25,"code":115481,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[30,115483,115484,115500,115514,115518,115528],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115485,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115487,15780],{"class":39},[33,115489,44],{"class":43},[33,115491,10644],{"class":47},[33,115493,52],{"class":51},[33,115495,55],{"class":47},[33,115497,58],{"class":51},[33,115499,9462],{"class":47},[33,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115503,15818],{"class":39},[33,115505,310],{"class":47},[33,115507,30618],{"class":162},[33,115509,3162],{"class":47},[33,115511,1085],{"class":51},[33,115513,4059],{"class":47},[33,115515,115516],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115517,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115519,115520,115522,115524,115526],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115521,157],{"class":156},[33,115523,133],{"class":47},[33,115525,15818],{"class":162},[33,115527,143],{"class":47},[33,115529,115530],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115531,115532],{"class":1308},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115534,46067,115535,310],{},[273,115536,25833,115537],{"href":52752},[30,115538,115539],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[664,115541,115543],{"id":115542},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115545,115546],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[23,115548,115550],{"className":25,"code":115549,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,115551,115552,115568,115594,115598,115608],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115553,115554,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115555,15780],{"class":39},[33,115557,44],{"class":43},[33,115559,10644],{"class":47},[33,115561,52],{"class":51},[33,115563,55],{"class":47},[33,115565,58],{"class":51},[33,115567,9462],{"class":47},[33,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115571,15818],{"class":39},[33,115573,310],{"class":47},[33,115575,30618],{"class":162},[33,115577,3162],{"class":47},[33,115579,2234],{"class":51},[33,115581,55],{"class":47},[33,115583,58],{"class":51},[33,115585,55],{"class":47},[33,115587,58],{"class":51},[33,115589,55],{"class":47},[33,115591,63],{"class":51},[33,115593,4059],{"class":47},[33,115595,115596],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115597,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115599,115600,115602,115604,115606],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115601,157],{"class":156},[33,115603,133],{"class":47},[33,115605,15818],{"class":162},[33,115607,143],{"class":47},[33,115609,115610],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115611,114710],{"class":1308},[664,115613,115615,115616,44783,115618,115620],{"id":115614},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[30,115617,15108],{},[30,115619,96182],{}," is better",[14,115622,115623,115624,115626],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[30,115625,96182],{}," is usually the better choice.",[23,115628,115630],{"className":25,"code":115629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,115631,115632,115648,115666,115670,115680],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115633,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115635,15780],{"class":39},[33,115637,44],{"class":43},[33,115639,10644],{"class":47},[33,115641,80],{"class":79},[33,115643,58271],{"class":83},[33,115645,80],{"class":79},[33,115647,9462],{"class":47},[33,115649,115650,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662,115664],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115651,15818],{"class":39},[33,115653,310],{"class":47},[33,115655,82082],{"class":162},[33,115657,133],{"class":47},[33,115659,80],{"class":79},[33,115661,37201],{"class":83},[33,115663,80],{"class":79},[33,115665,143],{"class":47},[33,115667,115668],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115669,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115671,115672,115674,115676,115678],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115673,157],{"class":156},[33,115675,133],{"class":47},[33,115677,15818],{"class":162},[33,115679,143],{"class":47},[33,115681,115682],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115683,114870],{"class":1308},[18,115685,1961],{"id":1960},[664,115687,12857,115689,97272],{"id":115688},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[30,115690,97293],{},[14,115692,97275,115693,310],{},[30,115694,3950],{},[664,115696,28481,115697,32381],{"id":32378},[30,115698,15108],{},[14,115700,115701],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[664,115703,2027,115705,2030,115707,2033],{"id":115704},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[30,115706,96182],{},[30,115708,15108],{},[14,115710,115711,115713,115714,115716],{},[30,115712,96182],{}," adds one item. ",[30,115715,15108],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[664,115718,115720],{"id":115719},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115722,115723,115724,114719],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[30,115725,15108],{},[664,115727,115729],{"id":115728},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115731,672,115732,1361,115734,310],{},[30,115733,102778],{},[30,115735,15108],{},[18,115737,2045],{"id":2044},[316,115739,115740,115747,115754,115760,115766],{},[319,115741,115742],{},[273,115743,115744],{"href":98479},[30,115745,115746],{},"Python set add() method",[319,115748,115749],{},[273,115750,115751],{"href":102775},[30,115752,115753],{},"Python set union() method",[319,115755,115756],{},[273,115757,115758],{"href":97862},[30,115759,97317],{},[319,115761,115762],{},[273,115763,115764],{"href":99056},[30,115765,100323],{},[319,115767,115768],{},[273,115769,115770,115772],{"href":52752},[30,115771,115539],{}," fix",[14,115774,115775,115776,115778,115779,115781],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[30,115777,96187],{}," for a single value and ",[30,115780,108022],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2097,115783,115784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":115786},[115787,115788,115790,115791,115792,115793,115794,115795,115797,115802,115809,115818],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":114017,"depth":69,"text":115789},"What set.update() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":22123,"depth":69,"text":22124},{"id":114403,"depth":69,"text":114404},{"id":114506,"depth":69,"text":114507},{"id":114713,"depth":69,"text":114714},{"id":114873,"depth":69,"text":115796},"update() vs add()",{"id":115093,"depth":69,"text":115798,"children":115799},"update() vs union()",[115800,115801],{"id":30618,"depth":110,"text":15108},{"id":111248,"depth":110,"text":102778},{"id":115293,"depth":69,"text":115294,"children":115803},[115804,115805,115806,115807],{"id":115301,"depth":110,"text":115302},{"id":115431,"depth":110,"text":115432},{"id":115542,"depth":110,"text":115543},{"id":115614,"depth":110,"text":115808},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":115810},[115811,115813,115814,115816,115817],{"id":115688,"depth":110,"text":115812},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32378,"depth":110,"text":32451},{"id":115704,"depth":110,"text":115815},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115719,"depth":110,"text":115720},{"id":115728,"depth":110,"text":115729},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113929,"description":115819},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115825,"title":115826,"body":115827,"description":117593,"extension":2138,"meta":117594,"navigation":149,"path":13943,"seo":117595,"stem":117596,"__hash__":117597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115828,"toc":117568},[115829,115832,115835,115838,115849,115857,115860,115862,116011,116023,116027,116044,116048,116056,116058,116069,116071,116168,116174,116177,116273,116282,116287,116291,116296,116298,116308,116310,116419,116427,116431,116434,116437,116454,116460,116540,116543,116547,116550,116554,116557,116616,116619,116623,116626,116718,116722,116725,116832,116836,116842,116870,116872,116954,116964,116968,116971,116982,116985,117070,117073,117078,117082,117085,117096,117099,117241,117244,117248,117251,117265,117268,117329,117335,117337,117340,117362,117365,117465,117468,117500,117502,117506,117509,117511,117514,117518,117521,117525,117528,117532,117535,117537,117565],[10,115830,115826],{"id":115831},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115833,115834],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115836,115837],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[316,115839,115840,115843,115846],{},[319,115841,115842],{},"a list inside another list",[319,115844,115845],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[319,115847,115848],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115850,100245,115851,2030,115853,115856],{},[205,115852,13004],{},[205,115854,115855],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115858,115859],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[18,115861,2180],{"id":2179},[23,115863,115865],{"className":25,"code":115864,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[30,115866,115867,115874,115878,115904,115924,115944,115948,115966,115970,115983,115997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,115868,115869,115871],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,115870,35247],{"class":4046},[33,115872,115873],{"class":39}," copy\n",[33,115875,115876],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,115877,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115879,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,115881,12238],{"class":39},[33,115883,44],{"class":43},[33,115885,56438],{"class":47},[33,115887,52],{"class":51},[33,115889,55],{"class":47},[33,115891,58],{"class":51},[33,115893,18215],{"class":47},[33,115895,48],{"class":47},[33,115897,2240],{"class":51},[33,115899,55],{"class":47},[33,115901,1132],{"class":51},[33,115903,1217],{"class":47},[33,115905,115906,115909,115911,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,115907,115908],{"class":39},"shallow ",[33,115910,44],{"class":43},[33,115912,115913],{"class":39}," copy",[33,115915,310],{"class":47},[33,115917,13064],{"class":162},[33,115919,133],{"class":47},[33,115921,12285],{"class":162},[33,115923,143],{"class":47},[33,115925,115926,115929,115931,115933,115935,115938,115940,115942],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,115927,115928],{"class":39},"deep ",[33,115930,44],{"class":43},[33,115932,115913],{"class":39},[33,115934,310],{"class":47},[33,115936,115937],{"class":162},"deepcopy",[33,115939,133],{"class":47},[33,115941,12285],{"class":162},[33,115943,143],{"class":47},[33,115945,115946],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,115947,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115949,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962,115964],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,115951,12285],{"class":39},[33,115953,217],{"class":47},[33,115955,1114],{"class":51},[33,115957,13704],{"class":47},[33,115959,780],{"class":162},[33,115961,133],{"class":47},[33,115963,56491],{"class":51},[33,115965,143],{"class":47},[33,115967,115968],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,115969,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,115971,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,115973,157],{"class":156},[33,115975,133],{"class":47},[33,115977,12285],{"class":162},[33,115979,3831],{"class":47},[33,115981,115982],{"class":1308},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[33,115984,115985,115987,115989,115992,115994],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,115986,157],{"class":156},[33,115988,133],{"class":47},[33,115990,115991],{"class":162},"shallow",[33,115993,3831],{"class":47},[33,115995,115996],{"class":1308},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[33,115998,115999,116001,116003,116006,116008],{"class":35,"line":11747},[33,116000,157],{"class":156},[33,116002,133],{"class":47},[33,116004,116005],{"class":162},"deep",[33,116007,3831],{"class":47},[33,116009,116010],{"class":1308},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116012,672,116013,116016,116017,2030,116019,116022],{},[30,116014,116015],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[205,116018,13004],{},[30,116020,116021],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[18,116024,116026],{"id":116025},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[316,116028,116029,116032,116035,116038,116041],{},[319,116030,116031],{},"What a copy means in Python",[319,116033,116034],{},"How shallow copy works",[319,116036,116037],{},"How deep copy works",[319,116039,116040],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[319,116042,116043],{},"When to use each approach",[18,116045,116047],{"id":116046},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116049,15341,116050,116052,116053,116055],{},[205,116051,13004],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[205,116054,4796],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116057,2284],{},[316,116059,116060,116063,116066],{},[319,116061,116062],{},"the outer container is new",[319,116064,116065],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[319,116067,116068],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116070,367],{},[23,116072,116074],{"className":25,"code":116073,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[30,116075,116076,116102,116116,116120,116138,116142,116155],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116077,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116079,12238],{"class":39},[33,116081,44],{"class":43},[33,116083,56438],{"class":47},[33,116085,52],{"class":51},[33,116087,55],{"class":47},[33,116089,58],{"class":51},[33,116091,18215],{"class":47},[33,116093,48],{"class":47},[33,116095,2240],{"class":51},[33,116097,55],{"class":47},[33,116099,1132],{"class":51},[33,116101,1217],{"class":47},[33,116103,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116105,14465],{"class":39},[33,116107,44],{"class":43},[33,116109,12313],{"class":39},[33,116111,310],{"class":47},[33,116113,13064],{"class":162},[33,116115,1671],{"class":47},[33,116117,116118],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116119,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116121,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116123,14484],{"class":39},[33,116125,310],{"class":47},[33,116127,780],{"class":162},[33,116129,3162],{"class":47},[33,116131,1085],{"class":51},[33,116133,55],{"class":47},[33,116135,37798],{"class":51},[33,116137,4059],{"class":47},[33,116139,116140],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116141,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116143,116144,116146,116148,116150,116152],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116145,157],{"class":156},[33,116147,133],{"class":47},[33,116149,12285],{"class":162},[33,116151,3831],{"class":47},[33,116153,116154],{"class":1308},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[33,116156,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116158,157],{"class":156},[33,116160,133],{"class":47},[33,116162,14484],{"class":162},[33,116164,3831],{"class":47},[33,116166,116167],{"class":1308},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116169,116170,116171,116173],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[30,116172,14484],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116175,116176],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[23,116178,116180],{"className":25,"code":116179,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[30,116181,116182,116208,116222,116226,116244,116248,116260],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116183,116184,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116185,12238],{"class":39},[33,116187,44],{"class":43},[33,116189,56438],{"class":47},[33,116191,52],{"class":51},[33,116193,55],{"class":47},[33,116195,58],{"class":51},[33,116197,18215],{"class":47},[33,116199,48],{"class":47},[33,116201,2240],{"class":51},[33,116203,55],{"class":47},[33,116205,1132],{"class":51},[33,116207,1217],{"class":47},[33,116209,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116211,14465],{"class":39},[33,116213,44],{"class":43},[33,116215,12313],{"class":39},[33,116217,310],{"class":47},[33,116219,13064],{"class":162},[33,116221,1671],{"class":47},[33,116223,116224],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116225,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116227,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116229,14484],{"class":39},[33,116231,217],{"class":47},[33,116233,1114],{"class":51},[33,116235,13704],{"class":47},[33,116237,780],{"class":162},[33,116239,133],{"class":47},[33,116241,56491],{"class":51},[33,116243,143],{"class":47},[33,116245,116246],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116247,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116251,157],{"class":156},[33,116253,133],{"class":47},[33,116255,12285],{"class":162},[33,116257,3831],{"class":47},[33,116259,115982],{"class":1308},[33,116261,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116263,157],{"class":156},[33,116265,133],{"class":47},[33,116267,14484],{"class":162},[33,116269,3831],{"class":47},[33,116271,116272],{"class":1308},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116274,116275,116276,2030,116278,116281],{},"Both changed because ",[30,116277,56595],{},[30,116279,116280],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116283,116284,116285,310],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[273,116286,44089],{"href":2088},[18,116288,116290],{"id":116289},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116292,15341,116293,116295],{},[205,116294,115855],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116297,2284],{},[316,116299,116300,116302,116305],{},[319,116301,116062],{},[319,116303,116304],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[319,116306,116307],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116309,367],{},[23,116311,116313],{"className":25,"code":116312,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[30,116314,116315,116321,116325,116351,116369,116373,116391,116395,116407],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116316,116317,116319],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116318,35247],{"class":4046},[33,116320,115873],{"class":39},[33,116322,116323],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116324,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116326,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116328,12238],{"class":39},[33,116330,44],{"class":43},[33,116332,56438],{"class":47},[33,116334,52],{"class":51},[33,116336,55],{"class":47},[33,116338,58],{"class":51},[33,116340,18215],{"class":47},[33,116342,48],{"class":47},[33,116344,2240],{"class":51},[33,116346,55],{"class":47},[33,116348,1132],{"class":51},[33,116350,1217],{"class":47},[33,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116354,14465],{"class":39},[33,116356,44],{"class":43},[33,116358,115913],{"class":39},[33,116360,310],{"class":47},[33,116362,115937],{"class":162},[33,116364,133],{"class":47},[33,116366,12285],{"class":162},[33,116368,143],{"class":47},[33,116370,116371],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116372,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116374,116375,116377,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116376,14484],{"class":39},[33,116378,217],{"class":47},[33,116380,1114],{"class":51},[33,116382,13704],{"class":47},[33,116384,780],{"class":162},[33,116386,133],{"class":47},[33,116388,56491],{"class":51},[33,116390,143],{"class":47},[33,116392,116393],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116394,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116396,116397,116399,116401,116403,116405],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,116398,157],{"class":156},[33,116400,133],{"class":47},[33,116402,12285],{"class":162},[33,116404,3831],{"class":47},[33,116406,116154],{"class":1308},[33,116408,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,116410,157],{"class":156},[33,116412,133],{"class":47},[33,116414,14484],{"class":162},[33,116416,3831],{"class":47},[33,116418,116272],{"class":1308},[14,116420,116421,116422,116424,116425,310],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[30,116423,116280],{}," does not change ",[30,116426,56595],{},[18,116428,116430],{"id":116429},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116432,116433],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116435,116436],{},"Common reasons:",[316,116438,116439,116442,116445,116451],{},[319,116440,116441],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[319,116443,116444],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[319,116446,116447,116448,116450],{},"Assignment with ",[30,116449,44],{}," does not make a copy",[319,116452,116453],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116455,116456,116457,116459],{},"For example, this does ",[205,116458,4796],{}," create a copy:",[23,116461,116463],{"className":25,"code":116462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,116464,116465,116485,116493,116497,116511,116515,116527],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116466,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116468,12238],{"class":39},[33,116470,44],{"class":43},[33,116472,48],{"class":47},[33,116474,52],{"class":51},[33,116476,55],{"class":47},[33,116478,58],{"class":51},[33,116480,55],{"class":47},[33,116482,63],{"class":51},[33,116484,66],{"class":47},[33,116486,116487,116489,116491],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116488,14465],{"class":39},[33,116490,44],{"class":43},[33,116492,12276],{"class":39},[33,116494,116495],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116496,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116498,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116500,14484],{"class":39},[33,116502,310],{"class":47},[33,116504,780],{"class":162},[33,116506,133],{"class":47},[33,116508,2679],{"class":51},[33,116510,143],{"class":47},[33,116512,116513],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116514,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116516,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116518,157],{"class":156},[33,116520,133],{"class":47},[33,116522,12285],{"class":162},[33,116524,3831],{"class":47},[33,116526,55846],{"class":1308},[33,116528,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116530,157],{"class":156},[33,116532,133],{"class":47},[33,116534,14484],{"class":162},[33,116536,3831],{"class":47},[33,116538,116539],{"class":1308},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116541,116542],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[18,116544,116546],{"id":116545},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116548,116549],{},"These three ideas are different.",[664,116551,116553],{"id":116552},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116555,116556],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[23,116558,116560],{"className":25,"code":116559,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[30,116561,116562,116588,116596,116600],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116565,12238],{"class":39},[33,116567,44],{"class":43},[33,116569,56438],{"class":47},[33,116571,52],{"class":51},[33,116573,55],{"class":47},[33,116575,58],{"class":51},[33,116577,18215],{"class":47},[33,116579,48],{"class":47},[33,116581,2240],{"class":51},[33,116583,55],{"class":47},[33,116585,1132],{"class":51},[33,116587,1217],{"class":47},[33,116589,116590,116592,116594],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116591,14256],{"class":39},[33,116593,44],{"class":43},[33,116595,12276],{"class":39},[33,116597,116598],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116599,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116601,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116603,157],{"class":156},[33,116605,133],{"class":47},[33,116607,12238],{"class":162},[33,116609,12346],{"class":4046},[33,116611,14324],{"class":162},[33,116613,3831],{"class":47},[33,116615,3834],{"class":1308},[14,116617,116618],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[664,116620,116622],{"id":116621},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116624,116625],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[23,116627,116629],{"className":25,"code":116628,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[30,116630,116631,116657,116671,116675,116692],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116632,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116634,12238],{"class":39},[33,116636,44],{"class":43},[33,116638,56438],{"class":47},[33,116640,52],{"class":51},[33,116642,55],{"class":47},[33,116644,58],{"class":51},[33,116646,18215],{"class":47},[33,116648,48],{"class":47},[33,116650,2240],{"class":51},[33,116652,55],{"class":47},[33,116654,1132],{"class":51},[33,116656,1217],{"class":47},[33,116658,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116660,115908],{"class":39},[33,116662,44],{"class":43},[33,116664,12313],{"class":39},[33,116666,310],{"class":47},[33,116668,13064],{"class":162},[33,116670,1671],{"class":47},[33,116672,116673],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116674,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116676,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685,116688,116690],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116678,157],{"class":156},[33,116680,133],{"class":47},[33,116682,12238],{"class":162},[33,116684,12346],{"class":4046},[33,116686,116687],{"class":162}," shallow",[33,116689,3831],{"class":47},[33,116691,21354],{"class":1308},[33,116693,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116695,157],{"class":156},[33,116697,133],{"class":47},[33,116699,12285],{"class":162},[33,116701,217],{"class":47},[33,116703,1114],{"class":51},[33,116705,13427],{"class":47},[33,116707,8254],{"class":4046},[33,116709,116687],{"class":162},[33,116711,217],{"class":47},[33,116713,1114],{"class":51},[33,116715,20599],{"class":47},[33,116717,3834],{"class":1308},[664,116719,116721],{"id":116720},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116723,116724],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[23,116726,116728],{"className":25,"code":116727,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[30,116729,116730,116736,116740,116766,116784,116788,116806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116731,116732,116734],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116733,35247],{"class":4046},[33,116735,115873],{"class":39},[33,116737,116738],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116739,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116741,116742,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116743,12238],{"class":39},[33,116745,44],{"class":43},[33,116747,56438],{"class":47},[33,116749,52],{"class":51},[33,116751,55],{"class":47},[33,116753,58],{"class":51},[33,116755,18215],{"class":47},[33,116757,48],{"class":47},[33,116759,2240],{"class":51},[33,116761,55],{"class":47},[33,116763,1132],{"class":51},[33,116765,1217],{"class":47},[33,116767,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116769,115928],{"class":39},[33,116771,44],{"class":43},[33,116773,115913],{"class":39},[33,116775,310],{"class":47},[33,116777,115937],{"class":162},[33,116779,133],{"class":47},[33,116781,12285],{"class":162},[33,116783,143],{"class":47},[33,116785,116786],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116787,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116789,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116801,116803],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116791,157],{"class":156},[33,116793,133],{"class":47},[33,116795,12238],{"class":162},[33,116797,12346],{"class":4046},[33,116799,116800],{"class":162}," deep",[33,116802,3831],{"class":47},[33,116804,116805],{"class":1308},"         # False\n",[33,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116809,157],{"class":156},[33,116811,133],{"class":47},[33,116813,12285],{"class":162},[33,116815,217],{"class":47},[33,116817,1114],{"class":51},[33,116819,13427],{"class":47},[33,116821,8254],{"class":4046},[33,116823,116800],{"class":162},[33,116825,217],{"class":47},[33,116827,1114],{"class":51},[33,116829,20599],{"class":47},[33,116831,44025],{"class":1308},[18,116833,116835],{"id":116834},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116837,116838,116839,3061],{},"These all make ",[205,116840,116841],{},"shallow copies",[316,116843,116844,116848,116852,116857,116863],{},[319,116845,116846],{},[30,116847,55746],{},[319,116849,116850],{},[30,116851,12587],{},[319,116853,116854],{},[30,116855,116856],{},"set.copy()",[319,116858,116859,116860],{},"list slicing like ",[30,116861,116862],{},"my_list[:]",[319,116864,116865,116867,116868,35237],{},[30,116866,116015],{}," from the ",[30,116869,13064],{},[14,116871,2302],{},[23,116873,116875],{"className":25,"code":116874,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,116876,116877,116897,116901,116915,116926,116930,116942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116878,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116880,40],{"class":39},[33,116882,44],{"class":43},[33,116884,48],{"class":47},[33,116886,52],{"class":51},[33,116888,55],{"class":47},[33,116890,58],{"class":51},[33,116892,55],{"class":47},[33,116894,63],{"class":51},[33,116896,66],{"class":47},[33,116898,116899],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,116900,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116902,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,116904,2729],{"class":39},[33,116906,44],{"class":43},[33,116908,4430],{"class":39},[33,116910,310],{"class":47},[33,116912,13064],{"class":162},[33,116914,1671],{"class":47},[33,116916,116917,116919,116921,116923],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,116918,2757],{"class":39},[33,116920,44],{"class":43},[33,116922,4430],{"class":39},[33,116924,116925],{"class":47},"[:]\n",[33,116927,116928],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,116929,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,116933,157],{"class":156},[33,116935,133],{"class":47},[33,116937,273],{"class":162},[33,116939,3831],{"class":47},[33,116941,55079],{"class":1308},[33,116943,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,116945,157],{"class":156},[33,116947,133],{"class":47},[33,116949,282],{"class":162},[33,116951,3831],{"class":47},[33,116953,55079],{"class":1308},[14,116955,73116,116956,47687,116960,310],{},[273,116957,116958,887],{"href":55107},[30,116959,55746],{},[273,116961,116962,887],{"href":12584},[30,116963,12587],{},[18,116965,116967],{"id":116966},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116969,116970],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[316,116972,116973,116976,116979],{},[319,116974,116975],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[319,116977,116978],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[319,116980,116981],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116983,116984],{},"Example with a flat list:",[23,116986,116988],{"className":25,"code":116987,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[30,116989,116990,117010,117024,117028,117042,117046,117058],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,116991,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,116993,12238],{"class":39},[33,116995,44],{"class":43},[33,116997,48],{"class":47},[33,116999,52],{"class":51},[33,117001,55],{"class":47},[33,117003,58],{"class":51},[33,117005,55],{"class":47},[33,117007,63],{"class":51},[33,117009,66],{"class":47},[33,117011,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117013,14465],{"class":39},[33,117015,44],{"class":43},[33,117017,12313],{"class":39},[33,117019,310],{"class":47},[33,117021,13064],{"class":162},[33,117023,1671],{"class":47},[33,117025,117026],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117027,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117029,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117031,14484],{"class":39},[33,117033,310],{"class":47},[33,117035,780],{"class":162},[33,117037,133],{"class":47},[33,117039,2679],{"class":51},[33,117041,143],{"class":47},[33,117043,117044],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117045,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117047,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,117049,157],{"class":156},[33,117051,133],{"class":47},[33,117053,12285],{"class":162},[33,117055,3831],{"class":47},[33,117057,55079],{"class":1308},[33,117059,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,117061,157],{"class":156},[33,117063,133],{"class":47},[33,117065,14484],{"class":162},[33,117067,3831],{"class":47},[33,117069,116539],{"class":1308},[14,117071,117072],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117074,117075,117076,310],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[273,117077,15042],{"href":57363},[18,117079,117081],{"id":117080},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117083,117084],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[316,117086,117087,117090,117093],{},[319,117088,117089],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[319,117091,117092],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[319,117094,117095],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117097,117098],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[23,117100,117102],{"className":25,"code":117101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[30,117103,117104,117110,117114,117140,117154,117172,117176,117198,117202,117215,117228],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117105,117106,117108],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117107,35247],{"class":4046},[33,117109,115873],{"class":39},[33,117111,117112],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117113,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117115,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117117,12238],{"class":39},[33,117119,44],{"class":43},[33,117121,10644],{"class":47},[33,117123,80],{"class":79},[33,117125,16541],{"class":83},[33,117127,80],{"class":79},[33,117129,3061],{"class":47},[33,117131,48],{"class":47},[33,117133,538],{"class":51},[33,117135,55],{"class":47},[33,117137,7949],{"class":51},[33,117139,13859],{"class":47},[33,117141,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117143,115908],{"class":39},[33,117145,44],{"class":43},[33,117147,12313],{"class":39},[33,117149,310],{"class":47},[33,117151,13064],{"class":162},[33,117153,1671],{"class":47},[33,117155,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117157,115928],{"class":39},[33,117159,44],{"class":43},[33,117161,115913],{"class":39},[33,117163,310],{"class":47},[33,117165,115937],{"class":162},[33,117167,133],{"class":47},[33,117169,12285],{"class":162},[33,117171,143],{"class":47},[33,117173,117174],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,117175,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117177,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194,117196],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,117179,12285],{"class":39},[33,117181,217],{"class":47},[33,117183,80],{"class":79},[33,117185,16541],{"class":83},[33,117187,80],{"class":79},[33,117189,13704],{"class":47},[33,117191,780],{"class":162},[33,117193,133],{"class":47},[33,117195,36995],{"class":51},[33,117197,143],{"class":47},[33,117199,117200],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,117201,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117203,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,117205,157],{"class":156},[33,117207,133],{"class":47},[33,117209,12285],{"class":162},[33,117211,3831],{"class":47},[33,117213,117214],{"class":1308},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[33,117216,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225],{"class":35,"line":6594},[33,117218,157],{"class":156},[33,117220,133],{"class":47},[33,117222,115991],{"class":162},[33,117224,3831],{"class":47},[33,117226,117227],{"class":1308},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[33,117229,117230,117232,117234,117236,117238],{"class":35,"line":11747},[33,117231,157],{"class":156},[33,117233,133],{"class":47},[33,117235,116005],{"class":162},[33,117237,3831],{"class":47},[33,117239,117240],{"class":1308},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117242,117243],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[18,117245,117247],{"id":117246},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117249,117250],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[316,117252,117253,117256,117259,117262],{},[319,117254,117255],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[319,117257,117258],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[319,117260,117261],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[319,117263,117264],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117266,117267],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[23,117269,117271],{"className":25,"code":117270,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[30,117272,117273,117281,117289,117293,117301,117305,117317],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117274,117275,117277,117279],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117276,2729],{"class":39},[33,117278,44],{"class":43},[33,117280,2762],{"class":51},[33,117282,117283,117285,117287],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117284,2757],{"class":39},[33,117286,44],{"class":43},[33,117288,36329],{"class":39},[33,117290,117291],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117292,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117294,117295,117297,117299],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117296,2757],{"class":39},[33,117298,44],{"class":43},[33,117300,14768],{"class":51},[33,117302,117303],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117304,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117306,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,117308,157],{"class":156},[33,117310,133],{"class":47},[33,117312,273],{"class":162},[33,117314,3831],{"class":47},[33,117316,26947],{"class":1308},[33,117318,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,117320,157],{"class":156},[33,117322,133],{"class":47},[33,117324,282],{"class":162},[33,117326,3831],{"class":47},[33,117328,27768],{"class":1308},[14,117330,93487,117331,117334],{},[273,117332,117333],{"href":2088},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[18,117336,3006],{"id":3005},[14,117338,117339],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[316,117341,117342,117346,117351,117356,117359],{},[319,117343,1357,117344,56927],{},[30,117345,44],{},[319,117347,1357,117348,117350],{},[30,117349,55746],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[319,117352,1357,117353,117355],{},[30,117354,12587],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[319,117357,117358],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[319,117360,117361],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117363,117364],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[23,117366,117368],{"className":25,"code":117367,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[30,117369,117370,117384,117398,117420,117451],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117371,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380,117382],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117373,157],{"class":156},[33,117375,133],{"class":47},[33,117377,12238],{"class":162},[33,117379,12346],{"class":4046},[33,117381,14538],{"class":162},[33,117383,143],{"class":47},[33,117385,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117387,157],{"class":156},[33,117389,133],{"class":47},[33,117391,12238],{"class":162},[33,117393,4854],{"class":43},[33,117395,14538],{"class":162},[33,117397,143],{"class":47},[33,117399,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117401,157],{"class":156},[33,117403,133],{"class":47},[33,117405,12802],{"class":156},[33,117407,133],{"class":47},[33,117409,12285],{"class":162},[33,117411,9388],{"class":47},[33,117413,14970],{"class":156},[33,117415,133],{"class":47},[33,117417,14484],{"class":162},[33,117419,733],{"class":47},[33,117421,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117423,157],{"class":156},[33,117425,133],{"class":47},[33,117427,12802],{"class":156},[33,117429,133],{"class":47},[33,117431,12285],{"class":162},[33,117433,217],{"class":47},[33,117435,1114],{"class":51},[33,117437,117438],{"class":47},"]),",[33,117440,14970],{"class":156},[33,117442,133],{"class":47},[33,117444,14484],{"class":162},[33,117446,217],{"class":47},[33,117448,1114],{"class":51},[33,117450,3175],{"class":47},[33,117452,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117454,157],{"class":156},[33,117456,133],{"class":47},[33,117458,1406],{"class":129},[33,117460,133],{"class":47},[33,117462,12285],{"class":162},[33,117464,733],{"class":47},[14,117466,117467],{},"What they tell you:",[316,117469,117470,117475,117480,117485,117495],{},[319,117471,117472,117474],{},[30,117473,12346],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[319,117476,117477,117479],{},[30,117478,4854],{}," checks whether values are equal",[319,117481,117482,117484],{},[30,117483,43641],{}," shows the identity of an object",[319,117486,117487,117488,2030,117491,117494],{},"comparing ",[30,117489,117490],{},"id(original[0])",[30,117492,117493],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[319,117496,117497,117499],{},[30,117498,2478],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[18,117501,1961],{"id":1960},[664,117503,117505],{"id":117504},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117507,117508],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[664,117510,57413],{"id":57328},[14,117512,117513],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[664,117515,117517],{"id":117516},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117519,117520],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[664,117522,117524],{"id":117523},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117526,117527],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[664,117529,117531],{"id":117530},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117533,117534],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[18,117536,2045],{"id":2044},[316,117538,117539,117544,117550,117556,117560],{},[319,117540,117541],{},[273,117542,117543],{"href":2088},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[319,117545,117546],{},[273,117547,2076,117548,887],{"href":55107},[30,117549,55746],{},[319,117551,117552],{},[273,117553,2076,117554,887],{"href":12584},[30,117555,12587],{},[319,117557,117558],{},[273,117559,15119],{"href":57363},[319,117561,117562],{},[273,117563,117564],{"href":456},"What is a list in Python?",[2097,117566,117567],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":117569},[117570,117571,117572,117573,117574,117575,117580,117581,117582,117583,117584,117585,117592],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":116025,"depth":69,"text":116026},{"id":116046,"depth":69,"text":116047},{"id":116289,"depth":69,"text":116290},{"id":116429,"depth":69,"text":116430},{"id":116545,"depth":69,"text":116546,"children":117576},[117577,117578,117579],{"id":116552,"depth":110,"text":116553},{"id":116621,"depth":110,"text":116622},{"id":116720,"depth":110,"text":116721},{"id":116834,"depth":69,"text":116835},{"id":116966,"depth":69,"text":116967},{"id":117080,"depth":69,"text":117081},{"id":117246,"depth":69,"text":117247},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":117586},[117587,117588,117589,117590,117591],{"id":117504,"depth":110,"text":117505},{"id":57328,"depth":110,"text":57413},{"id":117516,"depth":110,"text":117517},{"id":117523,"depth":110,"text":117524},{"id":117530,"depth":110,"text":117531},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115826,"description":117593},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117599,"title":117600,"body":117601,"description":119458,"extension":2138,"meta":119459,"navigation":149,"path":119460,"seo":119461,"stem":119462,"__hash__":119463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117602,"toc":119416},[117603,117608,117613,117621,117623,117691,117696,117701,117716,117719,117721,117752,117754,117774,117777,117792,117794,117797,117870,117872,117917,117919,117930,117935,117939,117944,117947,117986,117988,118008,118011,118068,118070,118105,118108,118147,118149,118169,118172,118203,118205,118261,118263,118268,118339,118341,118374,118379,118384,118449,118451,118488,118491,118568,118570,118630,118637,118642,118645,118648,118729,118731,118772,118777,118780,118858,118860,118893,118902,118909,118912,118923,118926,118937,118941,118949,118958,118962,118967,118971,118976,119019,119022,119028,119031,119033,119080,119085,119089,119092,119141,119143,119164,119167,119169,119194,119197,119318,119323,119325,119330,119333,119338,119341,119349,119354,119361,119364,119372,119375,119377,119413],[10,117604,2076,117606,2079],{"id":117605},"python-sorted-function-explained",[30,117607,74400],{},[14,117609,117610,117612],{},[30,117611,74400],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117614,117615,117616,1931,117618,117620],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[30,117617,77843],{},[30,117619,74400],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[18,117622,21],{"id":20},[23,117624,117626],{"className":25,"code":117625,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[30,117627,117628,117648,117662,117666,117678],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117629,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117631,40],{"class":39},[33,117633,44],{"class":43},[33,117635,48],{"class":47},[33,117637,2240],{"class":51},[33,117639,55],{"class":47},[33,117641,1119],{"class":51},[33,117643,55],{"class":47},[33,117645,58],{"class":51},[33,117647,66],{"class":47},[33,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117651,1506],{"class":39},[33,117653,44],{"class":43},[33,117655,74534],{"class":156},[33,117657,133],{"class":47},[33,117659,163],{"class":162},[33,117661,143],{"class":47},[33,117663,117664],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117665,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117667,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117669,157],{"class":156},[33,117671,133],{"class":47},[33,117673,1530],{"class":162},[33,117675,3831],{"class":47},[33,117677,55833],{"class":1308},[33,117679,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117681,157],{"class":156},[33,117683,133],{"class":47},[33,117685,163],{"class":162},[33,117687,3831],{"class":47},[33,117689,117690],{"class":1308},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117692,117693,117695],{},[30,117694,74400],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[18,117697,3848,117699,3851],{"id":117698},"what-sorted-does",[30,117700,74400],{},[316,117702,117703,117707,117710,117713],{},[319,117704,117705,62901],{},[30,117706,74400],{},[319,117708,117709],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[319,117711,117712],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[319,117714,117715],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117717,117718],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[18,117720,2334],{"id":2333},[23,117722,117724],{"className":25,"code":117723,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[30,117725,117726],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117727,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117729,74490],{"class":156},[33,117731,133],{"class":47},[33,117733,3892],{"class":162},[33,117735,55],{"class":47},[33,117737,21733],{"class":9331},[33,117739,44],{"class":43},[33,117741,3950],{"class":398},[33,117743,55],{"class":47},[33,117745,78046],{"class":9331},[33,117747,44],{"class":43},[33,117749,3844],{"class":398},[33,117751,143],{"class":47},[664,117753,17547],{"id":17546},[316,117755,117756,117761,117766],{},[319,117757,117758,117760],{},[30,117759,3892],{},": the values to sort",[319,117762,117763,117765],{},[30,117764,14995],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[319,117767,117768,117770,117771,117773],{},[30,117769,73553],{},": set to ",[30,117772,3777],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117775,117776],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[23,117778,117780],{"className":25,"code":117779,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"sorted(my_values)\n",[30,117781,117782],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117783,117784,117786,117788,117790],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117785,74490],{"class":156},[33,117787,133],{"class":47},[33,117789,1411],{"class":162},[33,117791,143],{"class":47},[18,117793,11627],{"id":11626},[14,117795,117796],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[23,117798,117800],{"className":25,"code":117799,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,117801,117802,117826,117830,117845,117849,117860],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117805,40],{"class":39},[33,117807,44],{"class":43},[33,117809,48],{"class":47},[33,117811,1085],{"class":51},[33,117813,55],{"class":47},[33,117815,58],{"class":51},[33,117817,55],{"class":47},[33,117819,6519],{"class":51},[33,117821,55],{"class":47},[33,117823,1119],{"class":51},[33,117825,66],{"class":47},[33,117827,117828],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117829,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117831,117832,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,117833,117834],{"class":39},"sorted_numbers ",[33,117836,44],{"class":43},[33,117838,74534],{"class":156},[33,117840,133],{"class":47},[33,117842,163],{"class":162},[33,117844,143],{"class":47},[33,117846,117847],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,117848,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,117850,117851,117853,117855,117858],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,117852,157],{"class":156},[33,117854,133],{"class":47},[33,117856,117857],{"class":162},"sorted_numbers",[33,117859,143],{"class":47},[33,117861,117862,117864,117866,117868],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,117863,157],{"class":156},[33,117865,133],{"class":47},[33,117867,163],{"class":162},[33,117869,143],{"class":47},[14,117871,207],{},[23,117873,117875],{"className":25,"code":117874,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[30,117876,117877,117897],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117878,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117880,217],{"class":47},[33,117882,52],{"class":51},[33,117884,55],{"class":47},[33,117886,58],{"class":51},[33,117888,55],{"class":47},[33,117890,4770],{"class":51},[33,117892,55],{"class":47},[33,117894,6519],{"class":51},[33,117896,66],{"class":47},[33,117898,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117900,217],{"class":47},[33,117902,1085],{"class":51},[33,117904,55],{"class":47},[33,117906,58],{"class":51},[33,117908,55],{"class":47},[33,117910,6519],{"class":51},[33,117912,55],{"class":47},[33,117914,1119],{"class":51},[33,117916,66],{"class":47},[14,117918,13916],{},[316,117920,117921,117926],{},[319,117922,117923,117925],{},[30,117924,117857],{}," is a new sorted list",[319,117927,117928,112462],{},[30,117929,163],{},[14,117931,117932,117933,310],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[273,117934,78353],{"href":78352},[18,117936,117938],{"id":117937},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117940,117941,117943],{},[30,117942,74400],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[664,117945,117946],{"id":1879},"List",[23,117948,117950],{"className":25,"code":117949,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[30,117951,117952,117972],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117953,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117955,40],{"class":39},[33,117957,44],{"class":43},[33,117959,48],{"class":47},[33,117961,2240],{"class":51},[33,117963,55],{"class":47},[33,117965,1119],{"class":51},[33,117967,55],{"class":47},[33,117969,58],{"class":51},[33,117971,66],{"class":47},[33,117973,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,117975,157],{"class":156},[33,117977,133],{"class":47},[33,117979,74490],{"class":156},[33,117981,133],{"class":47},[33,117983,163],{"class":162},[33,117985,733],{"class":47},[14,117987,207],{},[23,117989,117990],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,117991,117992],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,117993,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,117995,217],{"class":47},[33,117997,52],{"class":51},[33,117999,55],{"class":47},[33,118001,58],{"class":51},[33,118003,55],{"class":47},[33,118005,63],{"class":51},[33,118007,66],{"class":47},[664,118009,118010],{"id":1436},"Tuple",[23,118012,118014],{"className":25,"code":118013,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[30,118015,118016,118036,118050],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118017,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118019,1071],{"class":39},[33,118021,44],{"class":43},[33,118023,1381],{"class":47},[33,118025,2240],{"class":51},[33,118027,55],{"class":47},[33,118029,1119],{"class":51},[33,118031,55],{"class":47},[33,118033,58],{"class":51},[33,118035,143],{"class":47},[33,118037,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118039,157],{"class":156},[33,118041,133],{"class":47},[33,118043,74490],{"class":156},[33,118045,133],{"class":47},[33,118047,1096],{"class":162},[33,118049,733],{"class":47},[33,118051,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,118053,157],{"class":156},[33,118055,133],{"class":47},[33,118057,1406],{"class":129},[33,118059,133],{"class":47},[33,118061,74490],{"class":156},[33,118063,133],{"class":47},[33,118065,1096],{"class":162},[33,118067,1890],{"class":47},[14,118069,207],{},[23,118071,118073],{"className":25,"code":118072,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[30,118074,118075,118091],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118076,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118078,217],{"class":47},[33,118080,52],{"class":51},[33,118082,55],{"class":47},[33,118084,58],{"class":51},[33,118086,55],{"class":47},[33,118088,63],{"class":51},[33,118090,66],{"class":47},[33,118092,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118094,1427],{"class":43},[33,118096,1431],{"class":1430},[33,118098,245],{"class":79},[33,118100,1879],{"class":83},[33,118102,236],{"class":79},[33,118104,1441],{"class":43},[664,118106,118107],{"id":6446},"Set",[23,118109,118111],{"className":25,"code":118110,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[30,118112,118113,118133],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118114,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118116,1071],{"class":39},[33,118118,44],{"class":43},[33,118120,10644],{"class":47},[33,118122,2240],{"class":51},[33,118124,55],{"class":47},[33,118126,1119],{"class":51},[33,118128,55],{"class":47},[33,118130,58],{"class":51},[33,118132,9462],{"class":47},[33,118134,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118136,157],{"class":156},[33,118138,133],{"class":47},[33,118140,74490],{"class":156},[33,118142,133],{"class":47},[33,118144,1096],{"class":162},[33,118146,733],{"class":47},[14,118148,207],{},[23,118150,118151],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,118152,118153],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118154,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118156,217],{"class":47},[33,118158,52],{"class":51},[33,118160,55],{"class":47},[33,118162,58],{"class":51},[33,118164,55],{"class":47},[33,118166,63],{"class":51},[33,118168,66],{"class":47},[664,118170,118171],{"id":61149},"String",[23,118173,118175],{"className":25,"code":118174,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[30,118176,118177,118189],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118178,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118180,34843],{"class":39},[33,118182,44],{"class":43},[33,118184,91],{"class":79},[33,118186,27],{"class":83},[33,118188,3532],{"class":79},[33,118190,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118192,157],{"class":156},[33,118194,133],{"class":47},[33,118196,74490],{"class":156},[33,118198,133],{"class":47},[33,118200,34864],{"class":162},[33,118202,733],{"class":47},[14,118204,207],{},[23,118206,118207],{"className":25,"code":79370,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,118208,118209],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118210,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118212,217],{"class":47},[33,118214,236],{"class":79},[33,118216,1550],{"class":83},[33,118218,236],{"class":79},[33,118220,55],{"class":47},[33,118222,245],{"class":79},[33,118224,76006],{"class":83},[33,118226,236],{"class":79},[33,118228,55],{"class":47},[33,118230,245],{"class":79},[33,118232,1585],{"class":83},[33,118234,236],{"class":79},[33,118236,55],{"class":47},[33,118238,245],{"class":79},[33,118240,14],{"class":83},[33,118242,236],{"class":79},[33,118244,55],{"class":47},[33,118246,245],{"class":79},[33,118248,63262],{"class":83},[33,118250,236],{"class":79},[33,118252,55],{"class":47},[33,118254,245],{"class":79},[33,118256,11898],{"class":83},[33,118258,236],{"class":79},[33,118260,66],{"class":47},[664,118262,29376],{"id":15756},[14,118264,63515,118265,118267],{},[30,118266,74400],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[23,118269,118271],{"className":25,"code":118270,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[30,118272,118273,118325],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118274,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118276,13358],{"class":39},[33,118278,44],{"class":43},[33,118280,10644],{"class":47},[33,118282,80],{"class":79},[33,118284,7827],{"class":83},[33,118286,80],{"class":79},[33,118288,3061],{"class":47},[33,118290,91],{"class":79},[33,118292,84],{"class":83},[33,118294,80],{"class":79},[33,118296,55],{"class":47},[33,118298,91],{"class":79},[33,118300,9453],{"class":83},[33,118302,80],{"class":79},[33,118304,3061],{"class":47},[33,118306,7949],{"class":51},[33,118308,55],{"class":47},[33,118310,91],{"class":79},[33,118312,10562],{"class":83},[33,118314,80],{"class":79},[33,118316,3061],{"class":47},[33,118318,91],{"class":79},[33,118320,16183],{"class":83},[33,118322,80],{"class":79},[33,118324,9462],{"class":47},[33,118326,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118328,157],{"class":156},[33,118330,133],{"class":47},[33,118332,74490],{"class":156},[33,118334,133],{"class":47},[33,118336,17459],{"class":162},[33,118338,733],{"class":47},[14,118340,207],{},[23,118342,118344],{"className":25,"code":118343,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[30,118345,118346],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118349,217],{"class":47},[33,118351,236],{"class":79},[33,118353,9453],{"class":83},[33,118355,236],{"class":79},[33,118357,55],{"class":47},[33,118359,245],{"class":79},[33,118361,10562],{"class":83},[33,118363,236],{"class":79},[33,118365,55],{"class":47},[33,118367,245],{"class":79},[33,118369,7827],{"class":83},[33,118371,236],{"class":79},[33,118373,66],{"class":47},[18,118375,1357,118377],{"id":118376},"using-reversetrue",[30,118378,78067],{},[14,118380,672,118381,118383],{},[30,118382,78067],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[23,118385,118387],{"className":25,"code":118386,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[30,118388,118389,118409,118413,118427],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118390,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118392,40],{"class":39},[33,118394,44],{"class":43},[33,118396,48],{"class":47},[33,118398,2240],{"class":51},[33,118400,55],{"class":47},[33,118402,1119],{"class":51},[33,118404,55],{"class":47},[33,118406,58],{"class":51},[33,118408,66],{"class":47},[33,118410,118411],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118412,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,118414,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,118416,157],{"class":156},[33,118418,133],{"class":47},[33,118420,74490],{"class":156},[33,118422,133],{"class":47},[33,118424,163],{"class":162},[33,118426,733],{"class":47},[33,118428,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,118430,157],{"class":156},[33,118432,133],{"class":47},[33,118434,74490],{"class":156},[33,118436,133],{"class":47},[33,118438,163],{"class":162},[33,118440,55],{"class":47},[33,118442,78046],{"class":9331},[33,118444,44],{"class":43},[33,118446,3777],{"class":398},[33,118448,733],{"class":47},[14,118450,207],{},[23,118452,118454],{"className":25,"code":118453,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[30,118455,118456,118472],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118457,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118459,217],{"class":47},[33,118461,52],{"class":51},[33,118463,55],{"class":47},[33,118465,58],{"class":51},[33,118467,55],{"class":47},[33,118469,63],{"class":51},[33,118471,66],{"class":47},[33,118473,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118475,217],{"class":47},[33,118477,2240],{"class":51},[33,118479,55],{"class":47},[33,118481,58],{"class":51},[33,118483,55],{"class":47},[33,118485,1119],{"class":51},[33,118487,66],{"class":47},[14,118489,118490],{},"This also works with strings:",[23,118492,118494],{"className":25,"code":118493,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[30,118495,118496,118528,118532,118546],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118497,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118499,1655],{"class":39},[33,118501,44],{"class":43},[33,118503,48],{"class":47},[33,118505,80],{"class":79},[33,118507,386],{"class":83},[33,118509,80],{"class":79},[33,118511,55],{"class":47},[33,118513,91],{"class":79},[33,118515,4255],{"class":83},[33,118517,80],{"class":79},[33,118519,55],{"class":47},[33,118521,91],{"class":79},[33,118523,4264],{"class":83},[33,118525,80],{"class":79},[33,118527,66],{"class":47},[33,118529,118530],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118531,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,118533,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,118535,157],{"class":156},[33,118537,133],{"class":47},[33,118539,74490],{"class":156},[33,118541,133],{"class":47},[33,118543,1680],{"class":162},[33,118545,733],{"class":47},[33,118547,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,118549,157],{"class":156},[33,118551,133],{"class":47},[33,118553,74490],{"class":156},[33,118555,133],{"class":47},[33,118557,1680],{"class":162},[33,118559,55],{"class":47},[33,118561,78046],{"class":9331},[33,118563,44],{"class":43},[33,118565,3777],{"class":398},[33,118567,733],{"class":47},[14,118569,207],{},[23,118571,118572],{"className":25,"code":74134,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,118573,118574,118602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118575,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118577,217],{"class":47},[33,118579,236],{"class":79},[33,118581,386],{"class":83},[33,118583,236],{"class":79},[33,118585,55],{"class":47},[33,118587,245],{"class":79},[33,118589,4255],{"class":83},[33,118591,236],{"class":79},[33,118593,55],{"class":47},[33,118595,245],{"class":79},[33,118597,4264],{"class":83},[33,118599,236],{"class":79},[33,118601,66],{"class":47},[33,118603,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118605,217],{"class":47},[33,118607,236],{"class":79},[33,118609,4264],{"class":83},[33,118611,236],{"class":79},[33,118613,55],{"class":47},[33,118615,245],{"class":79},[33,118617,4255],{"class":83},[33,118619,236],{"class":79},[33,118621,55],{"class":47},[33,118623,245],{"class":79},[33,118625,386],{"class":83},[33,118627,236],{"class":79},[33,118629,66],{"class":47},[18,118631,1357,118633,118636],{"id":118632},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[30,118634,118635],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118638,2155,118639,118641],{},[30,118640,118635],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118643,118644],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118646,118647],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[23,118649,118651],{"className":25,"code":118650,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[30,118652,118653,118693,118697,118719],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118654,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118656,1655],{"class":39},[33,118658,44],{"class":43},[33,118660,48],{"class":47},[33,118662,80],{"class":79},[33,118664,78720],{"class":83},[33,118666,80],{"class":79},[33,118668,55],{"class":47},[33,118670,91],{"class":79},[33,118672,38512],{"class":83},[33,118674,80],{"class":79},[33,118676,55],{"class":47},[33,118678,91],{"class":79},[33,118680,4255],{"class":83},[33,118682,80],{"class":79},[33,118684,55],{"class":47},[33,118686,91],{"class":79},[33,118688,38495],{"class":83},[33,118690,80],{"class":79},[33,118692,66],{"class":47},[33,118694,118695],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118696,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,118698,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,118700,1506],{"class":39},[33,118702,44],{"class":43},[33,118704,74534],{"class":156},[33,118706,133],{"class":47},[33,118708,1680],{"class":162},[33,118710,55],{"class":47},[33,118712,21733],{"class":9331},[33,118714,44],{"class":43},[33,118716,726],{"class":156},[33,118718,143],{"class":47},[33,118720,118721,118723,118725,118727],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,118722,157],{"class":156},[33,118724,133],{"class":47},[33,118726,1530],{"class":162},[33,118728,143],{"class":47},[14,118730,207],{},[23,118732,118734],{"className":25,"code":118733,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[30,118735,118736],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118737,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118739,217],{"class":47},[33,118741,236],{"class":79},[33,118743,38512],{"class":83},[33,118745,236],{"class":79},[33,118747,55],{"class":47},[33,118749,245],{"class":79},[33,118751,78720],{"class":83},[33,118753,236],{"class":79},[33,118755,55],{"class":47},[33,118757,245],{"class":79},[33,118759,38495],{"class":83},[33,118761,236],{"class":79},[33,118763,55],{"class":47},[33,118765,245],{"class":79},[33,118767,4255],{"class":83},[33,118769,236],{"class":79},[33,118771,66],{"class":47},[14,118773,20924,118774,118776],{},[30,118775,726],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118778,118779],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[23,118781,118783],{"className":25,"code":118782,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[30,118784,118785,118818,118822,118848],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118786,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118814,118816],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118788,1655],{"class":39},[33,118790,44],{"class":43},[33,118792,48],{"class":47},[33,118794,80],{"class":79},[33,118796,83339],{"class":83},[33,118798,80],{"class":79},[33,118800,55],{"class":47},[33,118802,91],{"class":79},[33,118804,386],{"class":83},[33,118806,80],{"class":79},[33,118808,55],{"class":47},[33,118810,91],{"class":79},[33,118812,118813],{"class":83},"Cherry",[33,118815,80],{"class":79},[33,118817,66],{"class":47},[33,118819,118820],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,118821,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,118823,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,118825,1506],{"class":39},[33,118827,44],{"class":43},[33,118829,74534],{"class":156},[33,118831,133],{"class":47},[33,118833,1680],{"class":162},[33,118835,55],{"class":47},[33,118837,21733],{"class":9331},[33,118839,44],{"class":43},[33,118841,3617],{"class":129},[33,118843,310],{"class":47},[33,118845,8796],{"class":24904},[33,118847,143],{"class":47},[33,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,118851,157],{"class":156},[33,118853,133],{"class":47},[33,118855,1530],{"class":162},[33,118857,143],{"class":47},[14,118859,207],{},[23,118861,118863],{"className":25,"code":118862,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[30,118864,118865],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118866,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118868,217],{"class":47},[33,118870,236],{"class":79},[33,118872,386],{"class":83},[33,118874,236],{"class":79},[33,118876,55],{"class":47},[33,118878,245],{"class":79},[33,118880,83339],{"class":83},[33,118882,236],{"class":79},[33,118884,55],{"class":47},[33,118886,245],{"class":79},[33,118888,118813],{"class":83},[33,118890,236],{"class":79},[33,118892,66],{"class":47},[14,118894,118895,118896,35486,118898,310],{},"You can learn more about ",[30,118897,42514],{},[273,118899,2076,118900,3683],{"href":42511},[30,118901,42514],{},[18,118903,118905,10739,118907],{"id":118904},"sorted-vs-listsort",[30,118906,74400],{},[30,118908,77843],{},[14,118910,118911],{},"The main difference is this:",[316,118913,118914,118919],{},[319,118915,118916,118918],{},[30,118917,74400],{}," returns a new list",[319,118920,118921,73938],{},[30,118922,77843],{},[14,118924,118925],{},"Also:",[316,118927,118928,118933],{},[319,118929,118930,118932],{},[30,118931,74400],{}," works with many iterables",[319,118934,118935,79276],{},[30,118936,77843],{},[14,118938,672,118939,10755],{},[30,118940,74400],{},[316,118942,118943,118946],{},[319,118944,118945],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[319,118947,118948],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118950,118951,118952,310],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[273,118953,2076,118954,10739,118956,5942],{"href":79101},[30,118955,74400],{},[30,118957,77843],{},[18,118959,118961],{"id":118960},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118963,118964,118965,310],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[30,118966,74400],{},[664,118968,118970],{"id":118969},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118972,118973,118974,3061],{},"This can raise a ",[30,118975,3181],{},[23,118977,118979],{"className":25,"code":118978,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[30,118980,118981,119005],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999,119001,119003],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,118984,1071],{"class":39},[33,118986,44],{"class":43},[33,118988,48],{"class":47},[33,118990,52],{"class":51},[33,118992,55],{"class":47},[33,118994,91],{"class":79},[33,118996,2234],{"class":83},[33,118998,80],{"class":79},[33,119000,55],{"class":47},[33,119002,63],{"class":51},[33,119004,66],{"class":47},[33,119006,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119008,157],{"class":156},[33,119010,133],{"class":47},[33,119012,74490],{"class":156},[33,119014,133],{"class":47},[33,119016,1096],{"class":162},[33,119018,733],{"class":47},[14,119020,119021],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[664,119023,119025,119026,333],{"id":119024},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[30,119027,14995],{},[14,119029,119030],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119032,367],{},[23,119034,119036],{"className":25,"code":119035,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[30,119037,119038,119058],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119039,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119041,40],{"class":39},[33,119043,44],{"class":43},[33,119045,48],{"class":47},[33,119047,538],{"class":51},[33,119049,55],{"class":47},[33,119051,58],{"class":51},[33,119053,55],{"class":47},[33,119055,7954],{"class":51},[33,119057,66],{"class":47},[33,119059,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119061,157],{"class":156},[33,119063,133],{"class":47},[33,119065,74490],{"class":156},[33,119067,133],{"class":47},[33,119069,163],{"class":162},[33,119071,55],{"class":47},[33,119073,21733],{"class":9331},[33,119075,44],{"class":43},[33,119077,726],{"class":156},[33,119079,733],{"class":47},[14,119081,48664,119082,119084],{},[30,119083,42514],{}," does not work on integers.",[664,119086,119088],{"id":119087},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119090,119091],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[23,119093,119095],{"className":25,"code":119094,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,119096,119097,119117,119127,119131],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119098,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119100,40],{"class":39},[33,119102,44],{"class":43},[33,119104,48],{"class":47},[33,119106,2240],{"class":51},[33,119108,55],{"class":47},[33,119110,1119],{"class":51},[33,119112,55],{"class":47},[33,119114,58],{"class":51},[33,119116,66],{"class":47},[33,119118,119119,119121,119123,119125],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119120,74490],{"class":156},[33,119122,133],{"class":47},[33,119124,163],{"class":162},[33,119126,143],{"class":47},[33,119128,119129],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119130,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119132,119133,119135,119137,119139],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,119134,157],{"class":156},[33,119136,133],{"class":47},[33,119138,163],{"class":162},[33,119140,143],{"class":47},[14,119142,207],{},[23,119144,119146],{"className":25,"code":119145,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[30,119147,119148],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119149,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119151,217],{"class":47},[33,119153,2240],{"class":51},[33,119155,55],{"class":47},[33,119157,1119],{"class":51},[33,119159,55],{"class":47},[33,119161,58],{"class":51},[33,119163,66],{"class":47},[14,119165,119166],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[18,119168,3006],{"id":3005},[316,119170,119171,119175,119178,119183,119187],{},[319,119172,4744,119173,73938],{},[30,119174,74400],{},[319,119176,119177],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[319,119179,4870,119180,119182],{},[30,119181,74400],{}," always returns a list",[319,119184,1357,119185,23257],{},[30,119186,118635],{},[319,119188,29803,119189,119191,119192],{},[30,119190,64287],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[30,119193,74400],{},[14,119195,119196],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[23,119198,119200],{"className":25,"code":119199,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[30,119201,119202,119224,119250,119288],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119203,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119205,157],{"class":156},[33,119207,133],{"class":47},[33,119209,74490],{"class":156},[33,119211,3162],{"class":47},[33,119213,2240],{"class":51},[33,119215,55],{"class":47},[33,119217,1119],{"class":51},[33,119219,55],{"class":47},[33,119221,58],{"class":51},[33,119223,3175],{"class":47},[33,119225,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119227,157],{"class":156},[33,119229,133],{"class":47},[33,119231,1406],{"class":129},[33,119233,133],{"class":47},[33,119235,74490],{"class":156},[33,119237,1010],{"class":47},[33,119239,2240],{"class":51},[33,119241,55],{"class":47},[33,119243,1119],{"class":51},[33,119245,55],{"class":47},[33,119247,58],{"class":51},[33,119249,93343],{"class":47},[33,119251,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119253,157],{"class":156},[33,119255,133],{"class":47},[33,119257,74490],{"class":156},[33,119259,3162],{"class":47},[33,119261,236],{"class":79},[33,119263,83339],{"class":83},[33,119265,236],{"class":79},[33,119267,55],{"class":47},[33,119269,245],{"class":79},[33,119271,386],{"class":83},[33,119273,236],{"class":79},[33,119275,18215],{"class":47},[33,119277,21733],{"class":9331},[33,119279,44],{"class":43},[33,119281,3617],{"class":129},[33,119283,310],{"class":47},[33,119285,8796],{"class":24904},[33,119287,733],{"class":47},[33,119289,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314,119316],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,119291,157],{"class":156},[33,119293,133],{"class":47},[33,119295,74490],{"class":156},[33,119297,3162],{"class":47},[33,119299,2240],{"class":51},[33,119301,55],{"class":47},[33,119303,1119],{"class":51},[33,119305,55],{"class":47},[33,119307,58],{"class":51},[33,119309,18215],{"class":47},[33,119311,78046],{"class":9331},[33,119313,44],{"class":43},[33,119315,3777],{"class":398},[33,119317,733],{"class":47},[14,119319,119320,119321,310],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[273,119322,52923],{"href":451},[18,119324,1961],{"id":1960},[664,119326,12857,119328,57307],{"id":119327},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[30,119329,74400],{},[14,119331,119332],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[664,119334,2007,119336,12869],{"id":119335},"what-does-sorted-return",[30,119337,74400],{},[14,119339,119340],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[664,119342,119344,119345,1361,119347,2033],{"id":119343},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[30,119346,74400],{},[30,119348,77843],{},[14,119350,672,119351,119353],{},[30,119352,74400],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[664,119355,2007,119357,86427,119359,2033],{"id":119356},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[30,119358,118635],{},[30,119360,74400],{},[14,119362,119363],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[664,119365,5322,119367,119369,119370,2033],{"id":119366},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[30,119368,74400],{}," give a ",[30,119371,3181],{},[14,119373,119374],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[18,119376,2045],{"id":2044},[316,119378,119379,119383,119391,119395,119401,119407],{},[319,119380,119381],{},[273,119382,79849],{"href":78352},[319,119384,119385],{},[273,119386,2076,119387,10739,119389,5942],{"href":79101},[30,119388,74400],{},[30,119390,77843],{},[319,119392,119393],{},[273,119394,52923],{"href":451},[319,119396,119397],{},[273,119398,2076,119399,3683],{"href":42511},[30,119400,42514],{},[319,119402,119403],{},[273,119404,2076,119405,3683],{"href":91999},[30,119406,35906],{},[319,119408,119409],{},[273,119410,2076,119411,3683],{"href":36349},[30,119412,309],{},[2097,119414,119415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":119417},[119418,119419,119421,119424,119425,119432,119434,119436,119438,119444,119445,119457],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":117698,"depth":69,"text":119420},"What sorted() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":119422},[119423],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":117937,"depth":69,"text":117938,"children":119426},[119427,119428,119429,119430,119431],{"id":1879,"depth":110,"text":117946},{"id":1436,"depth":110,"text":118010},{"id":6446,"depth":110,"text":118107},{"id":61149,"depth":110,"text":118171},{"id":15756,"depth":110,"text":29376},{"id":118376,"depth":69,"text":119433},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118632,"depth":69,"text":119435},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118904,"depth":69,"text":119437},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118960,"depth":69,"text":118961,"children":119439},[119440,119441,119443],{"id":118969,"depth":110,"text":118970},{"id":119024,"depth":110,"text":119442},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119087,"depth":110,"text":119088},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":119446},[119447,119449,119451,119453,119455],{"id":119327,"depth":110,"text":119448},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119335,"depth":110,"text":119450},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119343,"depth":110,"text":119452},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119356,"depth":110,"text":119454},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119366,"depth":110,"text":119456},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117600,"description":119458},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119465,"title":119466,"body":119467,"description":121578,"extension":2138,"meta":121579,"navigation":149,"path":79101,"seo":121580,"stem":121581,"__hash__":121582},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119468,"toc":121525},[119469,119476,119479,119489,119495,119498,119516,119524,119526,119585,119593,119597,119619,119623,119627,119629,119646,119648,119660,119666,119750,119754,119801,119807,119814,119818,119823,119825,119837,119842,119895,119899,119919,119926,119933,119937,119940,119959,119963,120077,120081,120151,120153,120165,120170,120174,120187,120191,120266,120270,120309,120316,120322,120327,120331,120345,120349,120414,120418,120451,120454,120459,120467,120474,120487,120490,120494,120577,120581,120618,120622,120725,120729,120790,120795,120802,120806,120809,120815,120818,120885,120889,120913,120915,120933,120940,120993,120997,121017,121023,121025,121082,121089,121115,121120,121125,121133,121139,121199,121203,121250,121253,121255,121258,121284,121287,121380,121382,121402,121406,121409,121427,121433,121435,121443,121448,121455,121458,121464,121467,121473,121481,121489,121494,121496,121522],[10,119470,2076,119472,10739,119474,93057],{"id":119471},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[30,119473,74400],{},[30,119475,77843],{},[14,119477,119478],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[316,119480,119481,119485],{},[319,119482,119483],{},[30,119484,74400],{},[319,119486,119487],{},[30,119488,77843],{},[14,119490,119491,119492,119494],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[205,119493,4796],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119496,119497],{},"The main difference is simple:",[316,119499,119500,119508],{},[319,119501,672,119502,119504,119505],{},[30,119503,74400],{}," when you want a ",[205,119506,119507],{},"new sorted result",[319,119509,672,119510,119512,119513],{},[30,119511,77843],{}," when you want to ",[205,119514,119515],{},"change the original list",[14,119517,119518,119519,2572,119521,119523],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[30,119520,77843],{},[30,119522,3950],{}," and causes confusion.",[18,119525,21],{"id":20},[23,119527,119529],{"className":25,"code":119528,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[30,119530,119531,119551,119555,119572],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119532,119533,119535,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119534,40],{"class":39},[33,119536,44],{"class":43},[33,119538,48],{"class":47},[33,119540,2240],{"class":51},[33,119542,55],{"class":47},[33,119544,1119],{"class":51},[33,119546,55],{"class":47},[33,119548,58],{"class":51},[33,119550,66],{"class":47},[33,119552,119553],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119554,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119556,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567,119569],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119558,56035],{"class":39},[33,119560,44],{"class":43},[33,119562,74534],{"class":156},[33,119564,133],{"class":47},[33,119566,163],{"class":162},[33,119568,3831],{"class":47},[33,119570,119571],{"class":1308},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[33,119573,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,119575,163],{"class":39},[33,119577,310],{"class":47},[33,119579,34955],{"class":162},[33,119581,1360],{"class":47},[33,119583,119584],{"class":1308},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119586,672,119587,119589,119590,119592],{},[30,119588,74400],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[30,119591,77843],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[18,119594,119596],{"id":119595},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[316,119598,119599,119604,119609,119616],{},[319,119600,672,119601,119603],{},[30,119602,74400],{}," to get a new sorted list",[319,119605,672,119606,119608],{},[30,119607,77843],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[319,119610,119611,119612,2572,119614],{},"Understand why ",[30,119613,77843],{},[30,119615,3950],{},[319,119617,119618],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[18,119620,3848,119621,3851],{"id":117698},[30,119622,74400],{},[14,119624,119625,62901],{},[30,119626,74400],{},[14,119628,49081],{},[316,119630,119631,119637,119643],{},[319,119632,119633,119634],{},"returns a ",[205,119635,119636],{},"new list",[319,119638,119639,119640,119642],{},"does ",[205,119641,4796],{}," change the original data",[319,119644,119645],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119647,51286],{},[316,119649,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658],{},[319,119651,5464],{},[319,119653,909],{},[319,119655,906],{},[319,119657,912],{},[319,119659,36067],{},[664,119661,35234,119663,119665],{"id":119662},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[30,119664,74400],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[23,119667,119669],{"className":25,"code":119668,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[30,119670,119671,119691,119695,119709,119713,119731],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119674,40],{"class":39},[33,119676,44],{"class":43},[33,119678,48],{"class":47},[33,119680,2240],{"class":51},[33,119682,55],{"class":47},[33,119684,1119],{"class":51},[33,119686,55],{"class":47},[33,119688,58],{"class":51},[33,119690,66],{"class":47},[33,119692,119693],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119694,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119696,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119698,1506],{"class":39},[33,119700,44],{"class":43},[33,119702,74534],{"class":156},[33,119704,133],{"class":47},[33,119706,163],{"class":162},[33,119708,143],{"class":47},[33,119710,119711],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,119712,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119714,119715,119717,119719,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,119716,157],{"class":156},[33,119718,133],{"class":47},[33,119720,80],{"class":79},[33,119722,12306],{"class":83},[33,119724,80],{"class":79},[33,119726,55],{"class":47},[33,119728,4430],{"class":162},[33,119730,143],{"class":47},[33,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119742,119744,119746,119748],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,119734,157],{"class":156},[33,119736,133],{"class":47},[33,119738,80],{"class":79},[33,119740,119741],{"class":83},"sorted result:",[33,119743,80],{"class":79},[33,119745,55],{"class":47},[33,119747,81193],{"class":162},[33,119749,143],{"class":47},[14,119751,119752],{},[205,119753,207],{},[23,119755,119757],{"className":25,"code":119756,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[30,119758,119759,119779],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119760,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119762,12285],{"class":39},[33,119764,3061],{"class":47},[33,119766,48],{"class":47},[33,119768,2240],{"class":51},[33,119770,55],{"class":47},[33,119772,1119],{"class":51},[33,119774,55],{"class":47},[33,119776,58],{"class":51},[33,119778,66],{"class":47},[33,119780,119781,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797,119799],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119782,74490],{"class":156},[33,119784,81193],{"class":39},[33,119786,3061],{"class":47},[33,119788,48],{"class":47},[33,119790,52],{"class":51},[33,119792,55],{"class":47},[33,119794,58],{"class":51},[33,119796,55],{"class":47},[33,119798,63],{"class":51},[33,119800,66],{"class":47},[14,119802,119803,119804,119806],{},"The important part is that ",[30,119805,163],{}," stays the same.",[14,119808,119809,119810,310],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[273,119811,2076,119812,3683],{"href":74497},[30,119813,74400],{},[18,119815,3848,119816,3851],{"id":77909},[30,119817,77843],{},[14,119819,119820,119822],{},[30,119821,64287],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119824,49081],{},[316,119826,119827,119830,119833],{},[319,119828,119829],{},"changes the original list directly",[319,119831,119832],{},"only works on lists",[319,119834,3863,119835],{},[30,119836,3950],{},[664,119838,35234,119840,73938],{"id":119839},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[30,119841,77843],{},[23,119843,119845],{"className":25,"code":119844,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,119846,119847,119867,119871,119881,119885],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119848,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119850,40],{"class":39},[33,119852,44],{"class":43},[33,119854,48],{"class":47},[33,119856,2240],{"class":51},[33,119858,55],{"class":47},[33,119860,1119],{"class":51},[33,119862,55],{"class":47},[33,119864,58],{"class":51},[33,119866,66],{"class":47},[33,119868,119869],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119870,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119872,119873,119875,119877,119879],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119874,163],{"class":39},[33,119876,310],{"class":47},[33,119878,34955],{"class":162},[33,119880,1671],{"class":47},[33,119882,119883],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,119884,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119886,119887,119889,119891,119893],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,119888,157],{"class":156},[33,119890,133],{"class":47},[33,119892,163],{"class":162},[33,119894,143],{"class":47},[14,119896,119897],{},[205,119898,207],{},[23,119900,119901],{"className":25,"code":1039,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,119902,119903],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119904,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119906,217],{"class":47},[33,119908,52],{"class":51},[33,119910,55],{"class":47},[33,119912,58],{"class":51},[33,119914,55],{"class":47},[33,119916,63],{"class":51},[33,119918,66],{"class":47},[14,119920,119921,119922,119925],{},"After calling ",[30,119923,119924],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119927,119928,119929,310],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[273,119930,2076,119931,887],{"href":74751},[30,119932,77843],{},[18,119934,119936],{"id":119935},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119938,119939],{},"Here is the core difference:",[316,119941,119942,119951],{},[319,119943,119944,119947,119948],{},[30,119945,119946],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[205,119949,119950],{},"new sorted list",[319,119952,119953,119956,119957,74308],{},[30,119954,119955],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[30,119958,715],{},[664,119960,119962],{"id":119961},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[23,119964,119966],{"className":25,"code":119965,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[30,119967,119968,119988,119992,120006,120025,120044,120048,120058],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,119971,40],{"class":39},[33,119973,44],{"class":43},[33,119975,48],{"class":47},[33,119977,1085],{"class":51},[33,119979,55],{"class":47},[33,119981,58],{"class":51},[33,119983,55],{"class":47},[33,119985,1132],{"class":51},[33,119987,66],{"class":47},[33,119989,119990],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,119991,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,119995,2729],{"class":39},[33,119997,44],{"class":43},[33,119999,74534],{"class":156},[33,120001,133],{"class":47},[33,120003,163],{"class":162},[33,120005,143],{"class":47},[33,120007,120008,120010,120012,120014,120017,120019,120021,120023],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120009,157],{"class":156},[33,120011,133],{"class":47},[33,120013,80],{"class":79},[33,120015,120016],{"class":83},"numbers after sorted():",[33,120018,80],{"class":79},[33,120020,55],{"class":47},[33,120022,4430],{"class":162},[33,120024,143],{"class":47},[33,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033,120036,120038,120040,120042],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120028,157],{"class":156},[33,120030,133],{"class":47},[33,120032,80],{"class":79},[33,120034,120035],{"class":83},"a:",[33,120037,80],{"class":79},[33,120039,55],{"class":47},[33,120041,57031],{"class":162},[33,120043,143],{"class":47},[33,120045,120046],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,120047,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120049,120050,120052,120054,120056],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,120051,163],{"class":39},[33,120053,310],{"class":47},[33,120055,34955],{"class":162},[33,120057,1671],{"class":47},[33,120059,120060,120062,120064,120066,120069,120071,120073,120075],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,120061,157],{"class":156},[33,120063,133],{"class":47},[33,120065,80],{"class":79},[33,120067,120068],{"class":83},"numbers after sort():",[33,120070,80],{"class":79},[33,120072,55],{"class":47},[33,120074,4430],{"class":162},[33,120076,143],{"class":47},[14,120078,120079],{},[205,120080,207],{},[23,120082,120084],{"className":25,"code":120083,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[30,120085,120086,120109,120129],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120087,120088,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120089,120090],{"class":39},"numbers after ",[33,120092,74490],{"class":156},[33,120094,29737],{"class":47},[33,120096,48],{"class":47},[33,120098,1085],{"class":51},[33,120100,55],{"class":47},[33,120102,58],{"class":51},[33,120104,55],{"class":47},[33,120106,1132],{"class":51},[33,120108,66],{"class":47},[33,120110,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120112,273],{"class":39},[33,120114,3061],{"class":47},[33,120116,48],{"class":47},[33,120118,2234],{"class":51},[33,120120,55],{"class":47},[33,120122,1132],{"class":51},[33,120124,55],{"class":47},[33,120126,4770],{"class":51},[33,120128,66],{"class":47},[33,120130,120131,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120132,120090],{"class":39},[33,120134,34955],{"class":162},[33,120136,29737],{"class":47},[33,120138,48],{"class":47},[33,120140,2234],{"class":51},[33,120142,55],{"class":47},[33,120144,1132],{"class":51},[33,120146,55],{"class":47},[33,120148,4770],{"class":51},[33,120150,66],{"class":47},[14,120152,10867],{},[316,120154,120155,120160],{},[319,120156,120157,120159],{},[30,120158,74400],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[319,120161,120162,120164],{},[30,120163,64287],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[18,120166,5127,120168],{"id":120167},"when-to-use-sorted",[30,120169,74400],{},[14,120171,672,120172,10755],{},[30,120173,74400],{},[316,120175,120176,120179,120181,120184],{},[319,120177,120178],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[319,120180,118948],{},[319,120182,120183],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[319,120185,120186],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[664,120188,120190],{"id":120189},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[23,120192,120194],{"className":25,"code":120193,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,120195,120196,120220,120224,120238,120242,120252],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120197,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120199,40],{"class":39},[33,120201,44],{"class":43},[33,120203,1381],{"class":47},[33,120205,2679],{"class":51},[33,120207,55],{"class":47},[33,120209,1119],{"class":51},[33,120211,55],{"class":47},[33,120213,63],{"class":51},[33,120215,55],{"class":47},[33,120217,58],{"class":51},[33,120219,143],{"class":47},[33,120221,120222],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120223,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120225,120226,120228,120230,120232,120234,120236],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120227,1506],{"class":39},[33,120229,44],{"class":43},[33,120231,74534],{"class":156},[33,120233,133],{"class":47},[33,120235,163],{"class":162},[33,120237,143],{"class":47},[33,120239,120240],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120241,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120243,120244,120246,120248,120250],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120245,157],{"class":156},[33,120247,133],{"class":47},[33,120249,1530],{"class":162},[33,120251,143],{"class":47},[33,120253,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,120255,157],{"class":156},[33,120257,133],{"class":47},[33,120259,1406],{"class":129},[33,120261,133],{"class":47},[33,120263,1530],{"class":162},[33,120265,733],{"class":47},[14,120267,120268],{},[205,120269,207],{},[23,120271,120273],{"className":25,"code":120272,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[30,120274,120275,120295],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120276,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120278,217],{"class":47},[33,120280,52],{"class":51},[33,120282,55],{"class":47},[33,120284,58],{"class":51},[33,120286,55],{"class":47},[33,120288,63],{"class":51},[33,120290,55],{"class":47},[33,120292,1132],{"class":51},[33,120294,66],{"class":47},[33,120296,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120298,1427],{"class":43},[33,120300,1431],{"class":1430},[33,120302,245],{"class":79},[33,120304,1879],{"class":83},[33,120306,236],{"class":79},[33,120308,1441],{"class":43},[14,120310,2462,120311,120313,120314,310],{},[30,120312,74400],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[205,120315,1879],{},[14,120317,120318,120319,120321],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[273,120320,52923],{"href":451}," is a helpful next step.",[18,120323,5127,120325],{"id":120324},"when-to-use-listsort",[30,120326,77843],{},[14,120328,672,120329,10755],{},[30,120330,77843],{},[316,120332,120333,120336,120339,120342],{},[319,120334,120335],{},"you already have a list",[319,120337,120338],{},"you want to update that list directly",[319,120340,120341],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[319,120343,120344],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[664,120346,120348],{"id":120347},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[23,120350,120352],{"className":25,"code":120351,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[30,120353,120354,120386,120390,120400,120404],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120355,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120357,72],{"class":39},[33,120359,44],{"class":43},[33,120361,48],{"class":47},[33,120363,80],{"class":79},[33,120365,5187],{"class":83},[33,120367,80],{"class":79},[33,120369,55],{"class":47},[33,120371,91],{"class":79},[33,120373,5169],{"class":83},[33,120375,80],{"class":79},[33,120377,55],{"class":47},[33,120379,91],{"class":79},[33,120381,5178],{"class":83},[33,120383,80],{"class":79},[33,120385,66],{"class":47},[33,120387,120388],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120389,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120391,120392,120394,120396,120398],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120393,175],{"class":39},[33,120395,310],{"class":47},[33,120397,34955],{"class":162},[33,120399,1671],{"class":47},[33,120401,120402],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120403,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120405,120406,120408,120410,120412],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120407,157],{"class":156},[33,120409,133],{"class":47},[33,120411,175],{"class":162},[33,120413,143],{"class":47},[14,120415,120416],{},[205,120417,207],{},[23,120419,120421],{"className":25,"code":120420,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[30,120422,120423],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120424,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120426,217],{"class":47},[33,120428,236],{"class":79},[33,120430,5169],{"class":83},[33,120432,236],{"class":79},[33,120434,55],{"class":47},[33,120436,245],{"class":79},[33,120438,5178],{"class":83},[33,120440,236],{"class":79},[33,120442,55],{"class":47},[33,120444,245],{"class":79},[33,120446,5187],{"class":83},[33,120448,236],{"class":79},[33,120450,66],{"class":47},[14,120452,120453],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120455,120456,120457,310],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[273,120458,79849],{"href":78352},[18,120460,120462,2030,120464,120466],{"id":120461},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[30,120463,73553],{},[30,120465,14995],{}," work with both",[14,120468,10744,120469,2030,120471,120473],{},[30,120470,74400],{},[30,120472,77843],{}," support:",[316,120475,120476,120481],{},[319,120477,120478,120480],{},[30,120479,78067],{}," for descending order",[319,120482,120483,120486],{},[30,120484,120485],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120488,120489],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[664,120491,120493],{"id":120492},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[23,120495,120497],{"className":25,"code":120496,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,120498,120499,120519,120523,120545,120549,120567],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120502,40],{"class":39},[33,120504,44],{"class":43},[33,120506,48],{"class":47},[33,120508,2240],{"class":51},[33,120510,55],{"class":47},[33,120512,1119],{"class":51},[33,120514,55],{"class":47},[33,120516,58],{"class":51},[33,120518,66],{"class":47},[33,120520,120521],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120522,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120524,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120526,157],{"class":156},[33,120528,133],{"class":47},[33,120530,74490],{"class":156},[33,120532,133],{"class":47},[33,120534,163],{"class":162},[33,120536,55],{"class":47},[33,120538,78046],{"class":9331},[33,120540,44],{"class":43},[33,120542,3777],{"class":398},[33,120544,733],{"class":47},[33,120546,120547],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120548,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120550,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120552,163],{"class":39},[33,120554,310],{"class":47},[33,120556,34955],{"class":162},[33,120558,133],{"class":47},[33,120560,73553],{"class":9331},[33,120562,44],{"class":43},[33,120564,3777],{"class":398},[33,120566,143],{"class":47},[33,120568,120569,120571,120573,120575],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,120570,157],{"class":156},[33,120572,133],{"class":47},[33,120574,163],{"class":162},[33,120576,143],{"class":47},[14,120578,120579],{},[205,120580,207],{},[23,120582,120584],{"className":25,"code":120583,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[30,120585,120586,120602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120587,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120589,217],{"class":47},[33,120591,2240],{"class":51},[33,120593,55],{"class":47},[33,120595,58],{"class":51},[33,120597,55],{"class":47},[33,120599,1119],{"class":51},[33,120601,66],{"class":47},[33,120603,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120605,217],{"class":47},[33,120607,2240],{"class":51},[33,120609,55],{"class":47},[33,120611,58],{"class":51},[33,120613,55],{"class":47},[33,120615,1119],{"class":51},[33,120617,66],{"class":47},[664,120619,120621],{"id":120620},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[23,120623,120625],{"className":25,"code":120624,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[30,120626,120627,120659,120663,120689,120693,120715],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120628,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120630,1655],{"class":39},[33,120632,44],{"class":43},[33,120634,48],{"class":47},[33,120636,80],{"class":79},[33,120638,83339],{"class":83},[33,120640,80],{"class":79},[33,120642,55],{"class":47},[33,120644,91],{"class":79},[33,120646,386],{"class":83},[33,120648,80],{"class":79},[33,120650,55],{"class":47},[33,120652,91],{"class":79},[33,120654,118813],{"class":83},[33,120656,80],{"class":79},[33,120658,66],{"class":47},[33,120660,120661],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120662,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120664,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120666,157],{"class":156},[33,120668,133],{"class":47},[33,120670,74490],{"class":156},[33,120672,133],{"class":47},[33,120674,1680],{"class":162},[33,120676,55],{"class":47},[33,120678,21733],{"class":9331},[33,120680,44],{"class":43},[33,120682,3617],{"class":129},[33,120684,310],{"class":47},[33,120686,8796],{"class":24904},[33,120688,733],{"class":47},[33,120690,120691],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120692,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120694,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120696,1680],{"class":39},[33,120698,310],{"class":47},[33,120700,34955],{"class":162},[33,120702,133],{"class":47},[33,120704,14995],{"class":9331},[33,120706,44],{"class":43},[33,120708,3617],{"class":129},[33,120710,310],{"class":47},[33,120712,8796],{"class":24904},[33,120714,143],{"class":47},[33,120716,120717,120719,120721,120723],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,120718,157],{"class":156},[33,120720,133],{"class":47},[33,120722,1680],{"class":162},[33,120724,143],{"class":47},[14,120726,120727],{},[205,120728,207],{},[23,120730,120732],{"className":25,"code":120731,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[30,120733,120734,120762],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120735,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120737,217],{"class":47},[33,120739,236],{"class":79},[33,120741,386],{"class":83},[33,120743,236],{"class":79},[33,120745,55],{"class":47},[33,120747,245],{"class":79},[33,120749,83339],{"class":83},[33,120751,236],{"class":79},[33,120753,55],{"class":47},[33,120755,245],{"class":79},[33,120757,118813],{"class":83},[33,120759,236],{"class":79},[33,120761,66],{"class":47},[33,120763,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120765,217],{"class":47},[33,120767,236],{"class":79},[33,120769,386],{"class":83},[33,120771,236],{"class":79},[33,120773,55],{"class":47},[33,120775,245],{"class":79},[33,120777,83339],{"class":83},[33,120779,236],{"class":79},[33,120781,55],{"class":47},[33,120783,245],{"class":79},[33,120785,118813],{"class":83},[33,120787,236],{"class":79},[33,120789,66],{"class":47},[14,120791,1357,120792,120794],{},[30,120793,78561],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120796,120797,120798,310],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[273,120799,120801],{"href":120800},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[18,120803,120805],{"id":120804},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120807,120808],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[664,120810,120812,120813,12750],{"id":120811},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[30,120814,77843],{},[14,120816,120817],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[23,120819,120821],{"className":25,"code":120820,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,120822,120823,120843,120847,120861,120865,120875],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120824,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120826,40],{"class":39},[33,120828,44],{"class":43},[33,120830,48],{"class":47},[33,120832,2240],{"class":51},[33,120834,55],{"class":47},[33,120836,1119],{"class":51},[33,120838,55],{"class":47},[33,120840,58],{"class":51},[33,120842,66],{"class":47},[33,120844,120845],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120846,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120848,120849,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120850,1506],{"class":39},[33,120852,44],{"class":43},[33,120854,4430],{"class":39},[33,120856,310],{"class":47},[33,120858,34955],{"class":162},[33,120860,1671],{"class":47},[33,120862,120863],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120864,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120866,120867,120869,120871,120873],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120868,157],{"class":156},[33,120870,133],{"class":47},[33,120872,1530],{"class":162},[33,120874,143],{"class":47},[33,120876,120877,120879,120881,120883],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,120878,157],{"class":156},[33,120880,133],{"class":47},[33,120882,163],{"class":162},[33,120884,143],{"class":47},[14,120886,120887],{},[205,120888,207],{},[23,120890,120891],{"className":25,"code":79184,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,120892,120893,120897],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120894,120895],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120896,11961],{"class":398},[33,120898,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909,120911],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120900,217],{"class":47},[33,120902,52],{"class":51},[33,120904,55],{"class":47},[33,120906,58],{"class":51},[33,120908,55],{"class":47},[33,120910,63],{"class":51},[33,120912,66],{"class":47},[14,120914,12053],{},[316,120916,120917,120922,120927],{},[319,120918,120919,120921],{},[30,120920,119924],{}," sorts the list in place",[319,120923,35171,120924,120926],{},[205,120925,4796],{}," return the sorted list",[319,120928,89963,120929,42308,120931],{},[30,120930,1530],{},[30,120932,3950],{},[664,120934,120936,120937,120939],{"id":120935},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[30,120938,74400],{}," to change the original list",[23,120941,120943],{"className":25,"code":120942,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,120944,120945,120965,120969,120979,120983],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,120946,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,120948,40],{"class":39},[33,120950,44],{"class":43},[33,120952,48],{"class":47},[33,120954,2240],{"class":51},[33,120956,55],{"class":47},[33,120958,1119],{"class":51},[33,120960,55],{"class":47},[33,120962,58],{"class":51},[33,120964,66],{"class":47},[33,120966,120967],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,120968,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120970,120971,120973,120975,120977],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,120972,74490],{"class":156},[33,120974,133],{"class":47},[33,120976,163],{"class":162},[33,120978,143],{"class":47},[33,120980,120981],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,120982,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,120984,120985,120987,120989,120991],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,120986,157],{"class":156},[33,120988,133],{"class":47},[33,120990,163],{"class":162},[33,120992,143],{"class":47},[14,120994,120995],{},[205,120996,207],{},[23,120998,120999],{"className":25,"code":119145,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,121000,121001],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121002,121003,121005,121007,121009,121011,121013,121015],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121004,217],{"class":47},[33,121006,2240],{"class":51},[33,121008,55],{"class":47},[33,121010,1119],{"class":51},[33,121012,55],{"class":47},[33,121014,58],{"class":51},[33,121016,66],{"class":47},[14,121018,121019,121022],{},[30,121020,121021],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121024,1328],{},[23,121026,121028],{"className":25,"code":121027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[30,121029,121030,121050,121054,121068,121072],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121031,121032,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121033,40],{"class":39},[33,121035,44],{"class":43},[33,121037,48],{"class":47},[33,121039,2240],{"class":51},[33,121041,55],{"class":47},[33,121043,1119],{"class":51},[33,121045,55],{"class":47},[33,121047,58],{"class":51},[33,121049,66],{"class":47},[33,121051,121052],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121053,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121055,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121057,55787],{"class":39},[33,121059,44],{"class":43},[33,121061,74534],{"class":156},[33,121063,133],{"class":47},[33,121065,163],{"class":162},[33,121067,143],{"class":47},[33,121069,121070],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121071,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121073,121074,121076,121078,121080],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121075,157],{"class":156},[33,121077,133],{"class":47},[33,121079,55806],{"class":162},[33,121081,143],{"class":47},[664,121083,121085,121086,121088],{"id":121084},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[30,121087,64287],{}," on a tuple or string",[23,121090,121091],{"className":25,"code":79286,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,121092,121093,121105],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121094,121095,121097,121099,121101,121103],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121096,34843],{"class":39},[33,121098,44],{"class":43},[33,121100,91],{"class":79},[33,121102,27],{"class":83},[33,121104,3532],{"class":79},[33,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121108,34864],{"class":39},[33,121110,310],{"class":47},[33,121112,34955],{"class":162},[33,121114,1671],{"class":47},[14,121116,121117,121118,33756],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[30,121119,64287],{},[14,121121,121122,121124],{},[30,121123,64287],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121126,121127,121128,121130,121131,310],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[30,121129,74400],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[273,121132,5301],{"href":5745},[664,121134,121136,121137,119182],{"id":121135},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[30,121138,74400],{},[23,121140,121142],{"className":25,"code":121141,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,121143,121144,121157,121171,121175,121185],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121145,121146,121148,121150,121152,121155],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121147,34843],{"class":39},[33,121149,44],{"class":43},[33,121151,91],{"class":79},[33,121153,121154],{"class":83},"cab",[33,121156,3532],{"class":79},[33,121158,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121160,1506],{"class":39},[33,121162,44],{"class":43},[33,121164,74534],{"class":156},[33,121166,133],{"class":47},[33,121168,34864],{"class":162},[33,121170,143],{"class":47},[33,121172,121173],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121174,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121176,121177,121179,121181,121183],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121178,157],{"class":156},[33,121180,133],{"class":47},[33,121182,1530],{"class":162},[33,121184,143],{"class":47},[33,121186,121187,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121188,157],{"class":156},[33,121190,133],{"class":47},[33,121192,1406],{"class":129},[33,121194,133],{"class":47},[33,121196,1530],{"class":162},[33,121198,733],{"class":47},[14,121200,121201],{},[205,121202,207],{},[23,121204,121206],{"className":25,"code":121205,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[30,121207,121208,121236],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121209,121210,121212,121214,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230,121232,121234],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121211,217],{"class":47},[33,121213,236],{"class":79},[33,121215,273],{"class":83},[33,121217,236],{"class":79},[33,121219,55],{"class":47},[33,121221,245],{"class":79},[33,121223,282],{"class":83},[33,121225,236],{"class":79},[33,121227,55],{"class":47},[33,121229,245],{"class":79},[33,121231,291],{"class":83},[33,121233,236],{"class":79},[33,121235,66],{"class":47},[33,121237,121238,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121239,1427],{"class":43},[33,121241,1431],{"class":1430},[33,121243,245],{"class":79},[33,121245,1879],{"class":83},[33,121247,236],{"class":79},[33,121249,1441],{"class":43},[14,121251,121252],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[18,121254,113703],{"id":113702},[14,121256,121257],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[316,121259,121260,121263,121268,121273,121279],{},[319,121261,121262],{},"confusing a function with a method",[319,121264,121265,121266,53793],{},"not knowing that ",[30,121267,64287],{},[319,121269,121270,121271,12750],{},"assigning the result of ",[30,121272,77843],{},[319,121274,121275,121276,121278],{},"trying to use ",[30,121277,64287],{}," on non-list data types",[319,121280,50659,121281,121283],{},[30,121282,74400],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121285,121286],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[23,121288,121290],{"className":25,"code":121289,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[30,121291,121292,121302,121316,121341,121356,121366],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121293,121294,121296,121298,121300],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121295,157],{"class":156},[33,121297,133],{"class":47},[33,121299,715],{"class":162},[33,121301,143],{"class":47},[33,121303,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121305,157],{"class":156},[33,121307,133],{"class":47},[33,121309,74490],{"class":156},[33,121311,133],{"class":47},[33,121313,715],{"class":162},[33,121315,733],{"class":47},[33,121317,121318,121320,121322,121324,121326,121328,121330,121333,121335,121337,121339],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121319,1506],{"class":39},[33,121321,44],{"class":43},[33,121323,8552],{"class":39},[33,121325,310],{"class":47},[33,121327,34955],{"class":162},[33,121329,1360],{"class":47},[33,121331,121332],{"class":39},"; ",[33,121334,157],{"class":156},[33,121336,133],{"class":47},[33,121338,1530],{"class":162},[33,121340,143],{"class":47},[33,121342,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121354],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121344,157],{"class":156},[33,121346,133],{"class":47},[33,121348,1406],{"class":129},[33,121350,133],{"class":47},[33,121352,121353],{"class":162},"my_data",[33,121355,733],{"class":47},[33,121357,121358,121360,121362,121364],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121359,32307],{"class":156},[33,121361,133],{"class":47},[33,121363,74490],{"class":156},[33,121365,143],{"class":47},[33,121367,121368,121370,121372,121374,121376,121378],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,121369,32307],{"class":156},[33,121371,133],{"class":47},[33,121373,1879],{"class":129},[33,121375,310],{"class":47},[33,121377,34955],{"class":24904},[33,121379,143],{"class":47},[14,121381,84349],{},[316,121383,121384,121387,121391,121399],{},[319,121385,121386],{},"whether your original list changed",[319,121388,1907,121389,11858],{},[30,121390,74400],{},[319,121392,121393,121394,121396,121397],{},"whether ",[30,121395,64287],{}," returned ",[30,121398,3950],{},[319,121400,121401],{},"what type of object you are working with",[18,121403,121405],{"id":121404},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121407,121408],{},"Use this rule:",[316,121410,121411,121419],{},[319,121412,121413,121414,121416,121417],{},"Need a ",[205,121415,119507],{},": use ",[30,121418,74400],{},[319,121420,121421,121422,121416,121425],{},"Need to ",[205,121423,121424],{},"change one list directly",[30,121426,77843],{},[14,121428,121429,121430,121432],{},"For many beginners, ",[30,121431,74400],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[18,121434,1961],{"id":1960},[664,121436,121438,121439,453,121441,2033],{"id":121437},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[30,121440,74400],{},[30,121442,77843],{},[14,121444,121445,121447],{},[30,121446,74400],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[664,121449,5322,121451,5325,121453,2033],{"id":121450},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[30,121452,77843],{},[30,121454,3950],{},[14,121456,121457],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[664,121459,5334,121461,121463],{"id":121460},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[30,121462,74400],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121465,121466],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[664,121468,28481,121470,121472],{"id":121469},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[30,121471,64287],{}," on a string?",[14,121474,46519,121475,121477,121478,40084],{},[30,121476,64287],{}," is a list method. Use ",[30,121479,121480],{},"sorted(string)",[664,121482,11972,121484,2030,121486,121488],{"id":121483},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[30,121485,74400],{},[30,121487,64287],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121490,121491,121492,310],{},"Yes. Both support ",[30,121493,78067],{},[18,121495,2045],{"id":2044},[316,121497,121498,121504,121510,121514,121518],{},[319,121499,121500],{},[273,121501,2076,121502,3683],{"href":74497},[30,121503,74400],{},[319,121505,121506],{},[273,121507,2076,121508,887],{"href":74751},[30,121509,77843],{},[319,121511,121512],{},[273,121513,79849],{"href":78352},[319,121515,121516],{},[273,121517,120801],{"href":120800},[319,121519,121520],{},[273,121521,52923],{"href":451},[2097,121523,121524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":121526},[121527,121528,121529,121533,121537,121540,121544,121548,121553,121563,121564,121565,121577],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":119595,"depth":69,"text":119596},{"id":117698,"depth":69,"text":119420,"children":121530},[121531],{"id":119662,"depth":110,"text":121532},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77909,"depth":69,"text":79871,"children":121534},[121535],{"id":119839,"depth":110,"text":121536},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119935,"depth":69,"text":119936,"children":121538},[121539],{"id":119961,"depth":110,"text":119962},{"id":120167,"depth":69,"text":121541,"children":121542},"When to use sorted()",[121543],{"id":120189,"depth":110,"text":120190},{"id":120324,"depth":69,"text":121545,"children":121546},"When to use list.sort()",[121547],{"id":120347,"depth":110,"text":120348},{"id":120461,"depth":69,"text":121549,"children":121550},"reverse and key work with both",[121551,121552],{"id":120492,"depth":110,"text":120493},{"id":120620,"depth":110,"text":120621},{"id":120804,"depth":69,"text":120805,"children":121554},[121555,121557,121559,121561],{"id":120811,"depth":110,"text":121556},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120935,"depth":110,"text":121558},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121084,"depth":110,"text":121560},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121135,"depth":110,"text":121562},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113702,"depth":69,"text":113703},{"id":121404,"depth":69,"text":121405},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":121566},[121567,121569,121571,121573,121575],{"id":121437,"depth":110,"text":121568},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121450,"depth":110,"text":121570},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121460,"depth":110,"text":121572},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121469,"depth":110,"text":121574},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121483,"depth":110,"text":121576},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119466,"description":121578},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121584,"title":42329,"body":121585,"description":123317,"extension":2138,"meta":123318,"navigation":149,"path":123319,"seo":123320,"stem":123321,"__hash__":123322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121586,"toc":123274},[121587,121592,121597,121603,121605,121660,121664,121687,121692,121697,121702,121704,121735,121738,121752,121754,121756,121771,121776,121780,121783,121834,121838,121852,121859,121863,121867,121922,121926,121949,121953,122009,122013,122036,122040,122095,122099,122122,122126,122193,122197,122232,122238,122243,122248,122250,122264,122266,122340,122344,122364,122369,122376,122379,122391,122393,122462,122466,122503,122506,122531,122538,122547,122550,122562,122568,122574,122576,122582,122587,122666,122670,122711,122715,122717,122744,122747,122770,122773,122779,122782,122819,122831,122838,122840,122891,122894,122926,122929,122931,122938,122940,122955,122957,123014,123018,123042,123044,123049,123065,123072,123076,123079,123162,123172,123174,123179,123182,123188,123191,123197,123200,123206,123209,123216,123224,123226,123271],[10,121588,2076,121590,2079],{"id":121589},"python-str-function-explained",[30,121591,47837],{},[14,121593,32472,121594,121596],{},[30,121595,47837],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121598,121599,121600,121602],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[30,121601,47837],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[18,121604,2180],{"id":2179},[23,121606,121608],{"className":25,"code":121607,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,121609,121610,121618,121632,121636,121646],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121611,121612,121614,121616],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121613,21782],{"class":39},[33,121615,44],{"class":43},[33,121617,45379],{"class":51},[33,121619,121620,121622,121624,121626,121628,121630],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121621,34843],{"class":39},[33,121623,44],{"class":43},[33,121625,49058],{"class":129},[33,121627,133],{"class":47},[33,121629,9453],{"class":162},[33,121631,143],{"class":47},[33,121633,121634],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121635,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121637,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121639,157],{"class":156},[33,121641,133],{"class":47},[33,121643,34864],{"class":162},[33,121645,143],{"class":47},[33,121647,121648,121650,121652,121654,121656,121658],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121649,157],{"class":156},[33,121651,133],{"class":47},[33,121653,1406],{"class":129},[33,121655,133],{"class":47},[33,121657,34864],{"class":162},[33,121659,733],{"class":47},[14,121661,121662],{},[205,121663,207],{},[23,121665,121667],{"className":25,"code":121666,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,121668,121669,121673],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121670,121671],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121672,2884],{"class":51},[33,121674,121675,121677,121679,121681,121683,121685],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121676,1427],{"class":43},[33,121678,1431],{"class":1430},[33,121680,245],{"class":79},[33,121682,3617],{"class":83},[33,121684,236],{"class":79},[33,121686,1441],{"class":43},[14,121688,672,121689,121691],{},[30,121690,47837],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[18,121693,3848,121695,3851],{"id":121694},"what-str-does",[30,121696,47837],{},[14,121698,121699,121701],{},[30,121700,47837],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121703,2284],{},[316,121705,121706,121713,121720,121727],{},[319,121707,121708,121709,42308,121711],{},"An integer like ",[30,121710,538],{},[30,121712,42279],{},[319,121714,121715,121716,42308,121718],{},"A float like ",[30,121717,40298],{},[30,121719,48248],{},[319,121721,121722,121723,42308,121725],{},"A boolean like ",[30,121724,3777],{},[30,121726,6799],{},[319,121728,121729,121730,42308,121732],{},"A list like ",[30,121731,75222],{},[30,121733,121734],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121736,121737],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[316,121739,121740,121743,121746,121749],{},[319,121741,121742],{},"print it",[319,121744,121745],{},"combine it with other strings",[319,121747,121748],{},"save it to a file",[319,121750,121751],{},"use it in messages",[18,121753,2334],{"id":2333},[14,121755,7377],{},[23,121757,121759],{"className":25,"code":121758,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"str(object)\n",[30,121760,121761],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121762,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121764,3617],{"class":129},[33,121766,133],{"class":47},[33,121768,42552],{"class":129},[33,121770,143],{"class":47},[14,121772,20924,121773,121775],{},[30,121774,42552],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121777,121778,8383],{},[30,121779,47837],{},[14,121781,121782],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[23,121784,121786],{"className":25,"code":121785,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[30,121787,121788,121797,121820,121824],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121789,121790,121792,121794],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121791,5260],{"class":39},[33,121793,44],{"class":43},[33,121795,121796],{"class":51}," 100\n",[33,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121808,121810,121812,121814,121816,121818],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121800,89983],{"class":39},[33,121802,44],{"class":43},[33,121804,91],{"class":79},[33,121806,121807],{"class":83},"Your score is ",[33,121809,80],{"class":79},[33,121811,2629],{"class":43},[33,121813,49058],{"class":129},[33,121815,133],{"class":47},[33,121817,85496],{"class":162},[33,121819,143],{"class":47},[33,121821,121822],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121823,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121825,121826,121828,121830,121832],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121827,157],{"class":156},[33,121829,133],{"class":47},[33,121831,90000],{"class":162},[33,121833,143],{"class":47},[14,121835,121836],{},[205,121837,207],{},[23,121839,121841],{"className":25,"code":121840,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Your score is 100\n",[30,121842,121843],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121844,121845,121848,121850],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121846,121847],{"class":39},"Your score ",[33,121849,12346],{"class":43},[33,121851,121796],{"class":51},[14,121853,2472,121854,121858],{},[273,121855,121856,333],{"href":2475},[30,121857,2478],{}," can help you check.",[18,121860,121862],{"id":121861},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[664,121864,121866],{"id":121865},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[23,121868,121870],{"className":25,"code":121869,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,121871,121872,121880,121894,121898,121908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121873,121874,121876,121878],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121875,2394],{"class":39},[33,121877,44],{"class":43},[33,121879,2762],{"class":51},[33,121881,121882,121884,121886,121888,121890,121892],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121883,34843],{"class":39},[33,121885,44],{"class":43},[33,121887,49058],{"class":129},[33,121889,133],{"class":47},[33,121891,2416],{"class":162},[33,121893,143],{"class":47},[33,121895,121896],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121897,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121901,157],{"class":156},[33,121903,133],{"class":47},[33,121905,34864],{"class":162},[33,121907,143],{"class":47},[33,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121911,157],{"class":156},[33,121913,133],{"class":47},[33,121915,1406],{"class":129},[33,121917,133],{"class":47},[33,121919,34864],{"class":162},[33,121921,733],{"class":47},[14,121923,121924],{},[205,121925,207],{},[23,121927,121929],{"className":25,"code":121928,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,121930,121931,121935],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121932,121933],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121934,2551],{"class":51},[33,121936,121937,121939,121941,121943,121945,121947],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121938,1427],{"class":43},[33,121940,1431],{"class":1430},[33,121942,245],{"class":79},[33,121944,3617],{"class":83},[33,121946,236],{"class":79},[33,121948,1441],{"class":43},[664,121950,121952],{"id":121951},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[23,121954,121956],{"className":25,"code":121955,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,121957,121958,121967,121981,121985,121995],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,121959,121960,121962,121964],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,121961,40542],{"class":39},[33,121963,44],{"class":43},[33,121965,121966],{"class":51}," 3.14\n",[33,121968,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,121970,34843],{"class":39},[33,121972,44],{"class":43},[33,121974,49058],{"class":129},[33,121976,133],{"class":47},[33,121978,25303],{"class":162},[33,121980,143],{"class":47},[33,121982,121983],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,121984,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,121986,121987,121989,121991,121993],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,121988,157],{"class":156},[33,121990,133],{"class":47},[33,121992,34864],{"class":162},[33,121994,143],{"class":47},[33,121996,121997,121999,122001,122003,122005,122007],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,121998,157],{"class":156},[33,122000,133],{"class":47},[33,122002,1406],{"class":129},[33,122004,133],{"class":47},[33,122006,34864],{"class":162},[33,122008,733],{"class":47},[14,122010,122011],{},[205,122012,207],{},[23,122014,122016],{"className":25,"code":122015,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,122017,122018,122022],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122019,122020],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122021,40332],{"class":51},[33,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122025,1427],{"class":43},[33,122027,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122029,245],{"class":79},[33,122031,3617],{"class":83},[33,122033,236],{"class":79},[33,122035,1441],{"class":43},[664,122037,122039],{"id":122038},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[23,122041,122043],{"className":25,"code":122042,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,122044,122045,122053,122067,122071,122081],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122046,122047,122049,122051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122048,2622],{"class":39},[33,122050,44],{"class":43},[33,122052,6582],{"class":398},[33,122054,122055,122057,122059,122061,122063,122065],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122056,34843],{"class":39},[33,122058,44],{"class":43},[33,122060,49058],{"class":129},[33,122062,133],{"class":47},[33,122064,2647],{"class":162},[33,122066,143],{"class":47},[33,122068,122069],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122070,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122072,122073,122075,122077,122079],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122074,157],{"class":156},[33,122076,133],{"class":47},[33,122078,34864],{"class":162},[33,122080,143],{"class":47},[33,122082,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,122084,157],{"class":156},[33,122086,133],{"class":47},[33,122088,1406],{"class":129},[33,122090,133],{"class":47},[33,122092,34864],{"class":162},[33,122094,733],{"class":47},[14,122096,122097],{},[205,122098,207],{},[23,122100,122102],{"className":25,"code":122101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,122103,122104,122108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122105,122106],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122107,4148],{"class":398},[33,122109,122110,122112,122114,122116,122118,122120],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122111,1427],{"class":43},[33,122113,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122115,245],{"class":79},[33,122117,3617],{"class":83},[33,122119,236],{"class":79},[33,122121,1441],{"class":43},[664,122123,122125],{"id":122124},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[23,122127,122129],{"className":25,"code":122128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,122130,122131,122151,122165,122169,122179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122132,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122134,377],{"class":39},[33,122136,44],{"class":43},[33,122138,48],{"class":47},[33,122140,52],{"class":51},[33,122142,55],{"class":47},[33,122144,58],{"class":51},[33,122146,55],{"class":47},[33,122148,63],{"class":51},[33,122150,66],{"class":47},[33,122152,122153,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122154,34843],{"class":39},[33,122156,44],{"class":43},[33,122158,49058],{"class":129},[33,122160,133],{"class":47},[33,122162,414],{"class":162},[33,122164,143],{"class":47},[33,122166,122167],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122168,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122170,122171,122173,122175,122177],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122172,157],{"class":156},[33,122174,133],{"class":47},[33,122176,34864],{"class":162},[33,122178,143],{"class":47},[33,122180,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189,122191],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,122182,157],{"class":156},[33,122184,133],{"class":47},[33,122186,1406],{"class":129},[33,122188,133],{"class":47},[33,122190,34864],{"class":162},[33,122192,733],{"class":47},[14,122194,122195],{},[205,122196,207],{},[23,122198,122200],{"className":25,"code":122199,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,122201,122202,122218],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122203,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122205,217],{"class":47},[33,122207,52],{"class":51},[33,122209,55],{"class":47},[33,122211,58],{"class":51},[33,122213,55],{"class":47},[33,122215,63],{"class":51},[33,122217,66],{"class":47},[33,122219,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122221,1427],{"class":43},[33,122223,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122225,245],{"class":79},[33,122227,3617],{"class":83},[33,122229,236],{"class":79},[33,122231,1441],{"class":43},[14,122233,122234,122235,122237],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[205,122236,4796],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[18,122239,5127,122241],{"id":122240},"when-to-use-str",[30,122242,47837],{},[14,122244,672,122245,122247],{},[30,122246,47837],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122249,36579],{},[316,122251,122252,122255,122258,122261],{},[319,122253,122254],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[319,122256,122257],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[319,122259,122260],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[319,122262,122263],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122265,367],{},[23,122267,122269],{"className":25,"code":122268,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[30,122270,122271,122283,122291,122295,122330],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122272,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122274,8034],{"class":39},[33,122276,44],{"class":43},[33,122278,91],{"class":79},[33,122280,11661],{"class":83},[33,122282,3532],{"class":79},[33,122284,122285,122287,122289],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122286,21782],{"class":39},[33,122288,44],{"class":43},[33,122290,45379],{"class":51},[33,122292,122293],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122294,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122296,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323,122325,122328],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122298,89983],{"class":39},[33,122300,44],{"class":43},[33,122302,36124],{"class":39},[33,122304,2237],{"class":43},[33,122306,91],{"class":79},[33,122308,4949],{"class":83},[33,122310,80],{"class":79},[33,122312,2629],{"class":43},[33,122314,49058],{"class":129},[33,122316,133],{"class":47},[33,122318,9453],{"class":162},[33,122320,3831],{"class":47},[33,122322,2629],{"class":43},[33,122324,91],{"class":79},[33,122326,122327],{"class":83}," years old.",[33,122329,3532],{"class":79},[33,122331,122332,122334,122336,122338],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,122333,157],{"class":156},[33,122335,133],{"class":47},[33,122337,90000],{"class":162},[33,122339,143],{"class":47},[14,122341,122342],{},[205,122343,207],{},[23,122345,122347],{"className":25,"code":122346,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[30,122348,122349],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122350,122351,122354,122356,122358,122361],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122352,122353],{"class":39},"Maya ",[33,122355,12346],{"class":43},[33,122357,1196],{"class":51},[33,122359,122360],{"class":39}," years old",[33,122362,122363],{"class":47},".\n",[14,122365,122366,122367,310],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[273,122368,89669],{"href":89668},[18,122370,122372,10739,122374],{"id":122371},"str-vs-print",[30,122373,47837],{},[30,122375,46606],{},[14,122377,122378],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[316,122380,122381,122386],{},[319,122382,122383,122385],{},[30,122384,47837],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[319,122387,122388,122390],{},[30,122389,46606],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122392,367],{},[23,122394,122396],{"className":25,"code":122395,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,122397,122398,122406,122410,122424,122434,122448],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122399,122400,122402,122404],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122401,2622],{"class":39},[33,122403,44],{"class":43},[33,122405,2944],{"class":51},[33,122407,122408],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122409,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122411,122412,122414,122416,122418,122420,122422],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122413,34843],{"class":39},[33,122415,44],{"class":43},[33,122417,49058],{"class":129},[33,122419,133],{"class":47},[33,122421,2647],{"class":162},[33,122423,143],{"class":47},[33,122425,122426,122428,122430,122432],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122427,157],{"class":156},[33,122429,133],{"class":47},[33,122431,34864],{"class":162},[33,122433,143],{"class":47},[33,122435,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,122437,157],{"class":156},[33,122439,133],{"class":47},[33,122441,1406],{"class":129},[33,122443,133],{"class":47},[33,122445,34864],{"class":162},[33,122447,733],{"class":47},[33,122449,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,122451,157],{"class":156},[33,122453,133],{"class":47},[33,122455,1406],{"class":129},[33,122457,133],{"class":47},[33,122459,2647],{"class":162},[33,122461,733],{"class":47},[14,122463,122464],{},[205,122465,207],{},[23,122467,122469],{"className":25,"code":122468,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,122470,122471,122475,122489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122472,122473],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122474,46766],{"class":51},[33,122476,122477,122479,122481,122483,122485,122487],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122478,1427],{"class":43},[33,122480,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122482,245],{"class":79},[33,122484,3617],{"class":83},[33,122486,236],{"class":79},[33,122488,1441],{"class":43},[33,122490,122491,122493,122495,122497,122499,122501],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122492,1427],{"class":43},[33,122494,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122496,245],{"class":79},[33,122498,2366],{"class":83},[33,122500,236],{"class":79},[33,122502,1441],{"class":43},[14,122504,122505],{},"Notice:",[316,122507,122508,122514,122519],{},[319,122509,122510,122513],{},[30,122511,122512],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[319,122515,122516,122518],{},[30,122517,46606],{}," only displayed values",[319,122520,122521,122523,122524,122526,122527,61276,122529],{},[30,122522,46606],{}," did not change ",[30,122525,2647],{}," from ",[30,122528,2366],{},[30,122530,3617],{},[14,122532,122533,122534,310],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[273,122535,122536,333],{"href":46603},[30,122537,46606],{},[18,122539,122541,10739,122543,122546],{"id":122540},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[30,122542,47837],{},[30,122544,122545],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122548,122549],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[316,122551,122552,122557],{},[319,122553,122554,122556],{},[30,122555,47837],{}," is the more readable text version",[319,122558,122559,122561],{},[30,122560,122545],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122563,122564,122565,122567],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[30,122566,47837],{}," much more often.",[14,122569,122570,122571,122573],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[30,122572,47837],{}," is usually the right choice.",[18,122575,1288],{"id":1287},[664,122577,25928,122579,122581],{"id":122578},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[30,122580,47837],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122583,122584,122586],{},[30,122585,47837],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[23,122588,122590],{"className":25,"code":122589,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,122591,122592,122600,122614,122618,122628,122642,122652],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122593,122594,122596,122598],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122595,21782],{"class":39},[33,122597,44],{"class":43},[33,122599,45379],{"class":51},[33,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608,122610,122612],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122603,34843],{"class":39},[33,122605,44],{"class":43},[33,122607,49058],{"class":129},[33,122609,133],{"class":47},[33,122611,9453],{"class":162},[33,122613,143],{"class":47},[33,122615,122616],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122617,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122619,122620,122622,122624,122626],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122621,157],{"class":156},[33,122623,133],{"class":47},[33,122625,9453],{"class":162},[33,122627,143],{"class":47},[33,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,122631,157],{"class":156},[33,122633,133],{"class":47},[33,122635,1406],{"class":129},[33,122637,133],{"class":47},[33,122639,9453],{"class":162},[33,122641,733],{"class":47},[33,122643,122644,122646,122648,122650],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,122645,157],{"class":156},[33,122647,133],{"class":47},[33,122649,34864],{"class":162},[33,122651,143],{"class":47},[33,122653,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,122655,157],{"class":156},[33,122657,133],{"class":47},[33,122659,1406],{"class":129},[33,122661,133],{"class":47},[33,122663,34864],{"class":162},[33,122665,733],{"class":47},[14,122667,122668],{},[205,122669,207],{},[23,122671,122673],{"className":25,"code":122672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,122674,122675,122679,122693,122697],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122676,122677],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122678,2884],{"class":51},[33,122680,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122682,1427],{"class":43},[33,122684,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122686,245],{"class":79},[33,122688,2366],{"class":83},[33,122690,236],{"class":79},[33,122692,1441],{"class":43},[33,122694,122695],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122696,2884],{"class":51},[33,122698,122699,122701,122703,122705,122707,122709],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122700,1427],{"class":43},[33,122702,1431],{"class":1430},[33,122704,245],{"class":79},[33,122706,3617],{"class":83},[33,122708,236],{"class":79},[33,122710,1441],{"class":43},[664,122712,122714],{"id":122713},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122716,6846],{},[23,122718,122720],{"className":25,"code":122719,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[30,122721,122722,122730],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122723,122724,122726,122728],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122725,21782],{"class":39},[33,122727,44],{"class":43},[33,122729,45379],{"class":51},[33,122731,122732,122734,122736,122738,122740,122742],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122733,34843],{"class":39},[33,122735,44],{"class":43},[33,122737,49058],{"class":129},[33,122739,133],{"class":47},[33,122741,9453],{"class":162},[33,122743,143],{"class":47},[14,122745,122746],{},"But if you only do this:",[23,122748,122750],{"className":25,"code":122749,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[30,122751,122752,122760],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122753,122754,122756,122758],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122755,21782],{"class":39},[33,122757,44],{"class":43},[33,122759,45379],{"class":51},[33,122761,122762,122764,122766,122768],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122763,3617],{"class":129},[33,122765,133],{"class":47},[33,122767,9453],{"class":162},[33,122769,143],{"class":47},[14,122771,122772],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[664,122774,1357,122776,122778],{"id":122775},"using-str-too-early",[30,122777,47837],{}," too early",[14,122780,122781],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[23,122783,122785],{"className":25,"code":122784,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[30,122786,122787,122795,122810,122814],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122788,122789,122791,122793],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122790,40542],{"class":39},[33,122792,44],{"class":43},[33,122794,2762],{"class":51},[33,122796,122797,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122798,122799],{"class":39},"text_price ",[33,122801,44],{"class":43},[33,122803,49058],{"class":129},[33,122805,133],{"class":47},[33,122807,25303],{"class":162},[33,122809,143],{"class":47},[33,122811,122812],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122813,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122815,122816],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122817,122818],{"class":1308},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122820,122821,122822,453,122826,122830],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[273,122823,122824],{"href":3051},[30,122825,3054],{},[273,122827,122828],{"href":3057},[30,122829,3060],{},", depending on the situation.",[664,122832,1487,122834,122837],{"id":122833},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[30,122835,122836],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122839,64619],{},[23,122841,122843],{"className":25,"code":122842,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[30,122844,122845,122877],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122846,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871,122873,122875],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122848,377],{"class":39},[33,122850,44],{"class":43},[33,122852,48],{"class":47},[33,122854,80],{"class":79},[33,122856,386],{"class":83},[33,122858,80],{"class":79},[33,122860,55],{"class":47},[33,122862,91],{"class":79},[33,122864,4255],{"class":83},[33,122866,80],{"class":79},[33,122868,55],{"class":47},[33,122870,91],{"class":79},[33,122872,33376],{"class":83},[33,122874,80],{"class":79},[33,122876,66],{"class":47},[33,122878,122879,122881,122883,122885,122887,122889],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122880,157],{"class":156},[33,122882,133],{"class":47},[33,122884,3617],{"class":129},[33,122886,133],{"class":47},[33,122888,414],{"class":162},[33,122890,733],{"class":47},[14,122892,122893],{},"prints:",[23,122895,122896],{"className":25,"code":72812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,122897,122898],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122899,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918,122920,122922,122924],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122901,217],{"class":47},[33,122903,236],{"class":79},[33,122905,386],{"class":83},[33,122907,236],{"class":79},[33,122909,55],{"class":47},[33,122911,245],{"class":79},[33,122913,4255],{"class":83},[33,122915,236],{"class":79},[33,122917,55],{"class":47},[33,122919,245],{"class":79},[33,122921,33376],{"class":83},[33,122923,236],{"class":79},[33,122925,66],{"class":47},[14,122927,122928],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[18,122930,17571],{"id":17570},[14,122932,122933,22129,122935,310],{},[30,122934,47837],{},[205,122936,122937],{},"new string",[14,122939,11610],{},[316,122941,122942,122945,122948],{},[319,122943,122944],{},"It always returns a string",[319,122946,122947],{},"It does not modify the original object",[319,122949,7922,122950,122954],{},[273,122951,122952],{"href":2475},[30,122953,2478],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122956,367],{},[23,122958,122960],{"className":25,"code":122959,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[30,122961,122962,122970,122985,122989,123000],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,122963,122964,122966,122968],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,122965,2622],{"class":39},[33,122967,44],{"class":43},[33,122969,14284],{"class":51},[33,122971,122972,122975,122977,122979,122981,122983],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,122973,122974],{"class":39},"converted ",[33,122976,44],{"class":43},[33,122978,49058],{"class":129},[33,122980,133],{"class":47},[33,122982,2647],{"class":162},[33,122984,143],{"class":47},[33,122986,122987],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,122988,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,122990,122991,122993,122995,122998],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,122992,157],{"class":156},[33,122994,133],{"class":47},[33,122996,122997],{"class":162},"converted",[33,122999,143],{"class":47},[33,123001,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,123003,157],{"class":156},[33,123005,133],{"class":47},[33,123007,1406],{"class":129},[33,123009,133],{"class":47},[33,123011,122997],{"class":162},[33,123013,733],{"class":47},[14,123015,123016],{},[205,123017,207],{},[23,123019,123021],{"className":25,"code":123020,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,123022,123023,123028],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123024,123025],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123026,123027],{"class":51},"99\n",[33,123029,123030,123032,123034,123036,123038,123040],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123031,1427],{"class":43},[33,123033,1431],{"class":1430},[33,123035,245],{"class":79},[33,123037,3617],{"class":83},[33,123039,236],{"class":79},[33,123041,1441],{"class":43},[18,123043,113703],{"id":113702},[14,123045,123046,123047,74791],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[30,123048,47837],{},[316,123050,123051,123054,123057,123062],{},[319,123052,123053],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[319,123055,123056],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[319,123058,1357,123059,123061],{},[30,123060,47837],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[319,123063,123064],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123066,123067,123068,310],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[273,123069,25833,123070],{"href":90381},[30,123071,90382],{},[18,123073,123075],{"id":123074},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123077,123078],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[23,123080,123082],{"className":25,"code":123081,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[30,123083,123084,123092,123096,123106,123120,123124,123138,123148],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123085,123086,123088,123090],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123087,2622],{"class":39},[33,123089,44],{"class":43},[33,123091,45379],{"class":51},[33,123093,123094],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123095,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,123097,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,123099,157],{"class":156},[33,123101,133],{"class":47},[33,123103,2647],{"class":162},[33,123105,143],{"class":47},[33,123107,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,123109,157],{"class":156},[33,123111,133],{"class":47},[33,123113,1406],{"class":129},[33,123115,133],{"class":47},[33,123117,2647],{"class":162},[33,123119,733],{"class":47},[33,123121,123122],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,123123,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,123125,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,123127,122974],{"class":39},[33,123129,44],{"class":43},[33,123131,49058],{"class":129},[33,123133,133],{"class":47},[33,123135,2647],{"class":162},[33,123137,143],{"class":47},[33,123139,123140,123142,123144,123146],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,123141,157],{"class":156},[33,123143,133],{"class":47},[33,123145,122997],{"class":162},[33,123147,143],{"class":47},[33,123149,123150,123152,123154,123156,123158,123160],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,123151,157],{"class":156},[33,123153,133],{"class":47},[33,123155,1406],{"class":129},[33,123157,133],{"class":47},[33,123159,122997],{"class":162},[33,123161,733],{"class":47},[14,123163,123164,123165,1931,123167,123169,123170,310],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[30,123166,2366],{},[30,123168,2369],{},", or another type into ",[30,123171,3617],{},[18,123173,1961],{"id":1960},[664,123175,2007,123177,5309],{"id":123176},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[30,123178,47837],{},[14,123180,123181],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[664,123183,12857,123185,123187],{"id":123184},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[30,123186,47837],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123189,123190],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[664,123192,5334,123194,123196],{"id":123193},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[30,123195,47837],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123198,123199],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[664,123201,94567,123203,123205],{"id":123202},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[30,123204,47837],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123207,123208],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[664,123210,15057,123212,57349,123214,2033],{"id":123211},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[30,123213,47837],{},[30,123215,46606],{},[14,123217,46519,123218,123220,123221,123223],{},[30,123219,47837],{}," converts to text. ",[30,123222,46606],{}," shows output.",[18,123225,2045],{"id":2044},[316,123227,123228,123234,123240,123246,123252,123261,123265],{},[319,123229,123230],{},[273,123231,123232,3683],{"href":46603},[30,123233,46606],{},[319,123235,123236],{},[273,123237,123238,3683],{"href":2475},[30,123239,2478],{},[319,123241,123242],{},[273,123243,123244,3683],{"href":3051},[30,123245,3054],{},[319,123247,123248],{},[273,123249,123250,3683],{"href":3057},[30,123251,3060],{},[319,123253,123254],{},[273,123255,123257,123258,123260],{"href":123256},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[30,123259,2366],{}," to string in Python",[319,123262,123263],{},[273,123264,90659],{"href":89668},[319,123266,123267],{},[273,123268,30501,123269],{"href":90381},[30,123270,90382],{},[2097,123272,123273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":123275},[123276,123277,123279,123280,123286,123288,123290,123292,123301,123302,123303,123304,123316],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":121694,"depth":69,"text":123278},"What str() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":121861,"depth":69,"text":121862,"children":123281},[123282,123283,123284,123285],{"id":121865,"depth":110,"text":121866},{"id":121951,"depth":110,"text":121952},{"id":122038,"depth":110,"text":122039},{"id":122124,"depth":110,"text":122125},{"id":122240,"depth":69,"text":123287},"When to use str()",{"id":122371,"depth":69,"text":123289},"str() vs print()",{"id":122540,"depth":69,"text":123291},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":123293},[123294,123296,123297,123299],{"id":122578,"depth":110,"text":123295},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122713,"depth":110,"text":122714},{"id":122775,"depth":110,"text":123298},"Using str() too early",{"id":122833,"depth":110,"text":123300},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":113702,"depth":69,"text":113703},{"id":123074,"depth":69,"text":123075},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":123305},[123306,123308,123310,123312,123314],{"id":123176,"depth":110,"text":123307},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123184,"depth":110,"text":123309},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123193,"depth":110,"text":123311},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123202,"depth":110,"text":123313},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123211,"depth":110,"text":123315},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42329,"description":123317},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123324,"title":123325,"body":123326,"description":124779,"extension":2138,"meta":124780,"navigation":149,"path":124781,"seo":124782,"stem":124783,"__hash__":124784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123327,"toc":124741},[123328,123334,123340,123343,123365,123367,123429,123431,123444,123450,123455,123460,123462,123475,123486,123488,123515,123517,123534,123541,123552,123554,123559,123561,123573,123581,123590,123592,123595,123648,123650,123658,123666,123670,123675,123715,123717,123725,123728,123730,123770,123772,123780,123790,123796,123799,123872,123874,123887,123891,123896,123924,123927,123962,123964,123972,123975,123979,123983,123985,124001,124003,124043,124045,124053,124062,124105,124107,124115,124117,124121,124127,124130,124170,124172,124180,124185,124188,124231,124235,124238,124273,124278,124280,124319,124329,124337,124347,124355,124359,124364,124366,124407,124409,124417,124422,124425,124428,124446,124452,124456,124461,124464,124504,124506,124511,124610,124613,124629,124631,124650,124652,124659,124662,124668,124671,124677,124681,124687,124690,124696,124699,124701,124738],[10,123329,123331,123332,2059],{"id":123330},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[30,123333,57434],{},[14,123335,123336,123337,123339],{},"The Python string ",[30,123338,57434],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123341,123342],{},"This reference page explains:",[316,123344,123345,123349,123352,123354,123362],{},[319,123346,1907,123347,3851],{},[30,123348,57434],{},[319,123350,123351],{},"its syntax",[319,123353,35551],{},[319,123355,123356,123357,2030,123359,123361],{},"how ",[30,123358,36228],{},[30,123360,52812],{}," work",[319,123363,123364],{},"common beginner mistakes",[18,123366,2180],{"id":2179},[23,123368,123370],{"className":25,"code":123369,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[30,123371,123372,123384,123406],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123373,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123375,34843],{"class":39},[33,123377,44],{"class":43},[33,123379,91],{"class":79},[33,123381,4255],{"class":83},[33,123383,3532],{"class":79},[33,123385,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123387,157],{"class":156},[33,123389,133],{"class":47},[33,123391,34864],{"class":162},[33,123393,310],{"class":47},[33,123395,41413],{"class":162},[33,123397,133],{"class":47},[33,123399,80],{"class":79},[33,123401,273],{"class":83},[33,123403,80],{"class":79},[33,123405,733],{"class":47},[33,123407,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422,123425,123427],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,123409,157],{"class":156},[33,123411,133],{"class":47},[33,123413,34864],{"class":162},[33,123415,310],{"class":47},[33,123417,41413],{"class":162},[33,123419,133],{"class":47},[33,123421,80],{"class":79},[33,123423,123424],{"class":83},"na",[33,123426,80],{"class":79},[33,123428,733],{"class":47},[14,123430,207],{},[23,123432,123434],{"className":25,"code":123433,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"3\n2\n",[30,123435,123436,123440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123437,123438],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123439,46771],{"class":51},[33,123441,123442],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123443,17209],{"class":51},[14,123445,672,123446,123449],{},[30,123447,123448],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[18,123451,13149,123453,13152],{"id":123452},"what-the-count-method-does",[30,123454,57434],{},[14,123456,123457,123459],{},[30,123458,57434],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123461,13205],{},[316,123463,123464,123467,123470,123472],{},[319,123465,123466],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[319,123468,123469],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[319,123471,43811],{},[319,123473,123474],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123476,123477,123478,123480,123481,1931,123483,123485],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[30,123479,18249],{}," characters are in ",[30,123482,65250],{},[30,123484,57434],{}," is a simple choice.",[18,123487,2334],{"id":2333},[23,123489,123491],{"className":25,"code":123490,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[30,123492,123493],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123494,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123496,61149],{"class":39},[33,123498,310],{"class":47},[33,123500,41413],{"class":162},[33,123502,133],{"class":47},[33,123504,2647],{"class":162},[33,123506,55],{"class":47},[33,123508,36207],{"class":162},[33,123510,55],{"class":47},[33,123512,65016],{"class":162},[33,123514,143],{"class":47},[664,123516,17547],{"id":17546},[316,123518,123519,123524,123529],{},[319,123520,123521,123523],{},[30,123522,2647],{},": the text to search for",[319,123525,123526,123528],{},[30,123527,36228],{},": optional; where counting begins",[319,123530,123531,123533],{},[30,123532,52812],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123535,123536,2030,123538,123540],{},[30,123537,36228],{},[30,123539,52812],{}," work like slice positions:",[316,123542,123543,123548],{},[319,123544,123545,123547],{},[30,123546,36228],{}," is included",[319,123549,123550,75717],{},[30,123551,52812],{},[18,123553,17571],{"id":17570},[14,123555,123556,123558],{},[30,123557,57434],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123560,2302],{},[316,123562,123563,123568],{},[319,123564,123565,123566],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[30,123567,2240],{},[319,123569,123570,123571],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[30,123572,1114],{},[14,123574,41059,123575,5325,123577,453,123579,310],{},[205,123576,4796],{},[30,123578,3777],{},[30,123580,3844],{},[14,123582,123583,123584,123589],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[273,123585,123587,101577],{"href":123586},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[30,123588,4053],{}," is often a better fit.",[18,123591,11627],{"id":11626},[14,123593,123594],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[23,123596,123598],{"className":25,"code":123597,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,123599,123600,123612,123634,123638],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123601,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123603,34843],{"class":39},[33,123605,44],{"class":43},[33,123607,91],{"class":79},[33,123609,386],{"class":83},[33,123611,3532],{"class":79},[33,123613,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123615,1506],{"class":39},[33,123617,44],{"class":43},[33,123619,42995],{"class":39},[33,123621,310],{"class":47},[33,123623,41413],{"class":162},[33,123625,133],{"class":47},[33,123627,80],{"class":79},[33,123629,14],{"class":83},[33,123631,80],{"class":79},[33,123633,143],{"class":47},[33,123635,123636],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,123637,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,123639,123640,123642,123644,123646],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,123641,157],{"class":156},[33,123643,133],{"class":47},[33,123645,1530],{"class":162},[33,123647,143],{"class":47},[14,123649,207],{},[23,123651,123652],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,123653,123654],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123655,123656],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123657,17209],{"class":51},[14,123659,63795,123660,123663,123664,310],{},[30,123661,123662],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[30,123665,57977],{},[18,123667,123669],{"id":123668},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123671,123672,123674],{},[30,123673,57434],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[23,123676,123678],{"className":25,"code":123677,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[30,123679,123680,123693],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123681,123682,123684,123686,123688,123691],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123683,34843],{"class":39},[33,123685,44],{"class":43},[33,123687,91],{"class":79},[33,123689,123690],{"class":83},"cat dog cat bird cat",[33,123692,3532],{"class":79},[33,123694,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709,123711,123713],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123696,157],{"class":156},[33,123698,133],{"class":47},[33,123700,34864],{"class":162},[33,123702,310],{"class":47},[33,123704,41413],{"class":162},[33,123706,133],{"class":47},[33,123708,80],{"class":79},[33,123710,37201],{"class":83},[33,123712,80],{"class":79},[33,123714,733],{"class":47},[14,123716,207],{},[23,123718,123719],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,123720,123721],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123722,123723],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123724,46771],{"class":51},[14,123726,123727],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123729,367],{},[23,123731,123733],{"className":25,"code":123732,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[30,123734,123735,123748],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123736,123737,123739,123741,123743,123746],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123738,34843],{"class":39},[33,123740,44],{"class":43},[33,123742,91],{"class":79},[33,123744,123745],{"class":83},"one One one",[33,123747,3532],{"class":79},[33,123749,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758,123760,123762,123764,123766,123768],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123751,157],{"class":156},[33,123753,133],{"class":47},[33,123755,34864],{"class":162},[33,123757,310],{"class":47},[33,123759,41413],{"class":162},[33,123761,133],{"class":47},[33,123763,80],{"class":79},[33,123765,6743],{"class":83},[33,123767,80],{"class":79},[33,123769,733],{"class":47},[14,123771,207],{},[23,123773,123774],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,123775,123776],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123777,123778],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123779,17209],{"class":51},[14,123781,123782,123783,123786,123787,123789],{},"The uppercase ",[30,123784,123785],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[30,123788,57434],{}," is case-sensitive.",[18,123791,1357,123792,2030,123794],{"id":65382},[30,123793,36228],{},[30,123795,52812],{},[14,123797,123798],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[23,123800,123802],{"className":25,"code":123801,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[30,123803,123804,123816,123842],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123805,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123807,34843],{"class":39},[33,123809,44],{"class":43},[33,123811,91],{"class":79},[33,123813,4255],{"class":83},[33,123815,3532],{"class":79},[33,123817,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123819,157],{"class":156},[33,123821,133],{"class":47},[33,123823,34864],{"class":162},[33,123825,310],{"class":47},[33,123827,41413],{"class":162},[33,123829,133],{"class":47},[33,123831,80],{"class":79},[33,123833,273],{"class":83},[33,123835,80],{"class":79},[33,123837,55],{"class":47},[33,123839,58],{"class":51},[33,123841,733],{"class":47},[33,123843,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,123845,157],{"class":156},[33,123847,133],{"class":47},[33,123849,34864],{"class":162},[33,123851,310],{"class":47},[33,123853,41413],{"class":162},[33,123855,133],{"class":47},[33,123857,80],{"class":79},[33,123859,273],{"class":83},[33,123861,80],{"class":79},[33,123863,55],{"class":47},[33,123865,58],{"class":51},[33,123867,55],{"class":47},[33,123869,4770],{"class":51},[33,123871,733],{"class":47},[14,123873,207],{},[23,123875,123877],{"className":25,"code":123876,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"2\n1\n",[30,123878,123879,123883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123880,123881],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123882,17209],{"class":51},[33,123884,123885],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123886,47071],{"class":51},[664,123888,123890],{"id":123889},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123892,123893,123894,3061],{},"In ",[30,123895,65250],{},[316,123897,123898,123906,123914],{},[319,123899,70941,123900,123902,123903],{},[30,123901,2234],{}," starts at the first ",[30,123904,123905],{},"\"n\"",[319,123907,123908,123911,123912,76015],{},[30,123909,123910],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[30,123913,2234],{},[319,123915,123916,123911,123919,123921,123922],{},[30,123917,123918],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[30,123920,2234],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[30,123923,1085],{},[14,123925,123926],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[23,123928,123930],{"className":25,"code":123929,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[30,123931,123932,123944],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123935,34843],{"class":39},[33,123937,44],{"class":43},[33,123939,91],{"class":79},[33,123941,4255],{"class":83},[33,123943,3532],{"class":79},[33,123945,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,123947,157],{"class":156},[33,123949,133],{"class":47},[33,123951,34864],{"class":162},[33,123953,217],{"class":47},[33,123955,2234],{"class":51},[33,123957,3061],{"class":47},[33,123959,1085],{"class":51},[33,123961,4059],{"class":47},[14,123963,207],{},[23,123965,123966],{"className":25,"code":41622,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,123967,123968],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,123969,123970],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,123971,41622],{"class":39},[14,123973,123974],{},"Only that section is searched.",[18,123976,123978],{"id":123977},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123980,123981,123789],{},[30,123982,57434],{},[14,123984,2284],{},[316,123986,123987,123995],{},[319,123988,123989,2030,123991,123994],{},[30,123990,18249],{},[30,123992,123993],{},"\"A\""," are different",[319,123996,123997,2030,123999,123994],{},[30,123998,64510],{},[30,124000,90394],{},[14,124002,367],{},[23,124004,124006],{"className":25,"code":124005,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[30,124007,124008,124021],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124009,124010,124012,124014,124016,124019],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124011,34843],{"class":39},[33,124013,44],{"class":43},[33,124015,91],{"class":79},[33,124017,124018],{"class":83},"Apple apple APPLE",[33,124020,3532],{"class":79},[33,124022,124023,124025,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124024,157],{"class":156},[33,124026,133],{"class":47},[33,124028,34864],{"class":162},[33,124030,310],{"class":47},[33,124032,41413],{"class":162},[33,124034,133],{"class":47},[33,124036,80],{"class":79},[33,124038,386],{"class":83},[33,124040,80],{"class":79},[33,124042,733],{"class":47},[14,124044,207],{},[23,124046,124047],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,124048,124049],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124050,124051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124052,47071],{"class":51},[14,124054,124055,124056,3061],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[273,124057,124059],{"href":124058},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[30,124060,124061],{},"lower()",[23,124063,124065],{"className":25,"code":124064,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[30,124066,124067,124079],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124068,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124070,34843],{"class":39},[33,124072,44],{"class":43},[33,124074,91],{"class":79},[33,124076,124018],{"class":83},[33,124078,3532],{"class":79},[33,124080,124081,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124082,157],{"class":156},[33,124084,133],{"class":47},[33,124086,34864],{"class":162},[33,124088,310],{"class":47},[33,124090,8796],{"class":162},[33,124092,8793],{"class":47},[33,124094,41413],{"class":162},[33,124096,133],{"class":47},[33,124098,80],{"class":79},[33,124100,386],{"class":83},[33,124102,80],{"class":79},[33,124104,733],{"class":47},[14,124106,207],{},[23,124108,124109],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,124110,124111],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124112,124113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124114,46771],{"class":51},[18,124116,3006],{"id":3005},[14,124118,23248,124119,310],{},[30,124120,57434],{},[664,124122,1487,124124,124126],{"id":124123},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[30,124125,57434],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124128,124129],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[23,124131,124133],{"className":25,"code":124132,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[30,124134,124135,124148],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124136,124137,124139,124141,124143,124146],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124138,34843],{"class":39},[33,124140,44],{"class":43},[33,124142,91],{"class":79},[33,124144,124145],{"class":83},"Aardvark",[33,124147,3532],{"class":79},[33,124149,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124151,157],{"class":156},[33,124153,133],{"class":47},[33,124155,34864],{"class":162},[33,124157,310],{"class":47},[33,124159,41413],{"class":162},[33,124161,133],{"class":47},[33,124163,80],{"class":79},[33,124165,273],{"class":83},[33,124167,80],{"class":79},[33,124169,733],{"class":47},[14,124171,207],{},[23,124173,124174],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,124175,124176],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124177,124178],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124179,17209],{"class":51},[14,124181,123782,124182,124184],{},[30,124183,123993],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124186,124187],{},"If needed, convert first:",[23,124189,124191],{"className":25,"code":124190,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[30,124192,124193,124205],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124194,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124196,34843],{"class":39},[33,124198,44],{"class":43},[33,124200,91],{"class":79},[33,124202,124145],{"class":83},[33,124204,3532],{"class":79},[33,124206,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221,124223,124225,124227,124229],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124208,157],{"class":156},[33,124210,133],{"class":47},[33,124212,34864],{"class":162},[33,124214,310],{"class":47},[33,124216,8796],{"class":162},[33,124218,8793],{"class":47},[33,124220,41413],{"class":162},[33,124222,133],{"class":47},[33,124224,80],{"class":79},[33,124226,273],{"class":83},[33,124228,80],{"class":79},[33,124230,733],{"class":47},[664,124232,124234],{"id":124233},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124236,124237],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[23,124239,124241],{"className":25,"code":124240,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[30,124242,124243,124255],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124244,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124246,34843],{"class":39},[33,124248,44],{"class":43},[33,124250,91],{"class":79},[33,124252,4255],{"class":83},[33,124254,3532],{"class":79},[33,124256,124257,124259,124261,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124258,157],{"class":156},[33,124260,133],{"class":47},[33,124262,34864],{"class":162},[33,124264,310],{"class":47},[33,124266,41413],{"class":162},[33,124268,133],{"class":47},[33,124270,273],{"class":162},[33,124272,733],{"class":47},[14,124274,124275,124276,310],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[30,124277,273],{},[14,124279,1328],{},[23,124281,124283],{"className":25,"code":124282,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[30,124284,124285,124297],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124286,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124288,34843],{"class":39},[33,124290,44],{"class":43},[33,124292,91],{"class":79},[33,124294,4255],{"class":83},[33,124296,3532],{"class":79},[33,124298,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124300,157],{"class":156},[33,124302,133],{"class":47},[33,124304,34864],{"class":162},[33,124306,310],{"class":47},[33,124308,41413],{"class":162},[33,124310,133],{"class":47},[33,124312,80],{"class":79},[33,124314,273],{"class":83},[33,124316,80],{"class":79},[33,124318,733],{"class":47},[664,124320,37358,124322,8860,124324,453,124327],{"id":124321},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[30,124323,57434],{},[30,124325,124326],{},"find()",[30,124328,59111],{},[14,124330,672,124331,124333,124334,310],{},[30,124332,57434],{}," when you need the ",[205,124335,124336],{},"number of matches",[14,124338,672,124339,124333,124344,124346],{},[273,124340,124342],{"href":124341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[30,124343,124326],{},[205,124345,64922],{}," of the first match.",[14,124348,672,124349,124354],{},[273,124350,124352],{"href":124351},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[30,124353,59111],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[664,124356,124358],{"id":124357},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124360,124361,124363],{},[30,124362,57434],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124365,367],{},[23,124367,124369],{"className":25,"code":124368,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[30,124370,124371,124384],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124372,124373,124375,124377,124379,124382],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124374,34843],{"class":39},[33,124376,44],{"class":43},[33,124378,91],{"class":79},[33,124380,124381],{"class":83},"aaaa",[33,124383,3532],{"class":79},[33,124385,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398,124400,124403,124405],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124387,157],{"class":156},[33,124389,133],{"class":47},[33,124391,34864],{"class":162},[33,124393,310],{"class":47},[33,124395,41413],{"class":162},[33,124397,133],{"class":47},[33,124399,80],{"class":79},[33,124401,124402],{"class":83},"aa",[33,124404,80],{"class":79},[33,124406,733],{"class":47},[14,124408,207],{},[23,124410,124411],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,124412,124413],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124414,124415],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124416,17209],{"class":51},[14,124418,124419,124420,310],{},"It does not return ",[30,124421,2240],{},[14,124423,124424],{},"Why not?",[14,124426,124427],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[316,124429,124430,124439],{},[319,124431,124432,124435,124436],{},[30,124433,124434],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[30,124437,124438],{},"0-1",[319,124440,124441,124435,124443],{},[30,124442,124434],{},[30,124444,124445],{},"2-3",[14,124447,124448,124449,310],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[30,124450,124451],{},"1-2",[18,124453,5127,124454],{"id":58517},[30,124455,57434],{},[14,124457,672,124458,124460],{},[30,124459,57434],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124462,124463],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[316,124465,124466,124475,124485,124495],{},[319,124467,672,124468,124470,124471,124474],{},[30,124469,57434],{}," when you need ",[205,124472,124473],{},"how many times"," something appears",[319,124476,672,124477,124470,124481,124484],{},[273,124478,124479],{"href":124341},[30,124480,124326],{},[205,124482,124483],{},"where"," it appears",[319,124486,47964,124487,124491,124492],{},[273,124488,124489,101577],{"href":123586},[30,124490,4053],{}," when you only need to know ",[205,124493,124494],{},"if it exists",[319,124496,672,124497,124503],{},[273,124498,124500],{"href":124499},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[30,124501,124502],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[18,124505,26096],{"id":26095},[14,124507,9031,124508,124510],{},[30,124509,57434],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[23,124512,124514],{"className":25,"code":124513,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[30,124515,124516,124526,124540,124562,124588],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124517,124518,124520,124522,124524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124519,157],{"class":156},[33,124521,133],{"class":47},[33,124523,34864],{"class":162},[33,124525,143],{"class":47},[33,124527,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124529,157],{"class":156},[33,124531,133],{"class":47},[33,124533,1406],{"class":129},[33,124535,133],{"class":47},[33,124537,34864],{"class":162},[33,124539,733],{"class":47},[33,124541,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,124543,157],{"class":156},[33,124545,133],{"class":47},[33,124547,34864],{"class":162},[33,124549,310],{"class":47},[33,124551,41413],{"class":162},[33,124553,133],{"class":47},[33,124555,80],{"class":79},[33,124557,273],{"class":83},[33,124559,80],{"class":79},[33,124561,733],{"class":47},[33,124563,124564,124566,124568,124570,124572,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582,124584,124586],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,124565,157],{"class":156},[33,124567,133],{"class":47},[33,124569,34864],{"class":162},[33,124571,310],{"class":47},[33,124573,8796],{"class":162},[33,124575,8793],{"class":47},[33,124577,41413],{"class":162},[33,124579,133],{"class":47},[33,124581,80],{"class":79},[33,124583,273],{"class":83},[33,124585,80],{"class":79},[33,124587,733],{"class":47},[33,124589,124590,124592,124594,124596,124598,124600,124602,124604,124606,124608],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,124591,157],{"class":156},[33,124593,133],{"class":47},[33,124595,34864],{"class":162},[33,124597,310],{"class":47},[33,124599,41413],{"class":162},[33,124601,133],{"class":47},[33,124603,80],{"class":79},[33,124605,123424],{"class":83},[33,124607,80],{"class":79},[33,124609,733],{"class":47},[14,124611,124612],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[316,124614,124615,124618,124623,124626],{},[319,124616,124617],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[319,124619,124620,124622],{},[30,124621,34864],{}," not being a string",[319,124624,124625],{},"counting the wrong substring",[319,124627,124628],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124630,59005],{},[316,124632,124633,124636,124639,124642],{},[319,124634,124635],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[319,124637,124638],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[319,124640,124641],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[319,124643,50645,124644,44783,124646,453,124648,73287],{},[30,124645,57434],{},[30,124647,124326],{},[30,124649,4053],{},[18,124651,1961],{"id":1960},[664,124653,124655,124656,124658],{"id":124654},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[30,124657,57434],{}," change the original string?",[14,124660,124661],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[664,124663,15057,124665,124667],{"id":124664},"is-count-case-sensitive",[30,124666,57434],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124669,124670],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[664,124672,2007,124674,124676],{"id":124673},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[30,124675,57434],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124678,5312,124679,310],{},[30,124680,1114],{},[664,124682,5334,124684,124686],{"id":124683},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[30,124685,57434],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124688,124689],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[664,124691,12857,124693,124695],{"id":124692},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[30,124694,57434],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124697,124698],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[18,124700,2045],{"id":2044},[316,124702,124703,124710,124717,124724,124731],{},[319,124704,124705],{},[273,124706,124707],{"href":124341},[30,124708,124709],{},"Python string find() method",[319,124711,124712],{},[273,124713,124714],{"href":124351},[30,124715,124716],{},"Python string index() method",[319,124718,124719],{},[273,124720,124721],{"href":124058},[30,124722,124723],{},"Python string lower() method",[319,124725,124726],{},[273,124727,124728],{"href":123586},[30,124729,124730],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[319,124732,124733],{},[273,124734,124735],{"href":124499},[30,124736,124737],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2097,124739,124740],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":124742},[124743,124744,124746,124749,124750,124751,124752,124755,124756,124764,124765,124766,124778],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":123452,"depth":69,"text":124745},"What the count() method does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":124747},[124748],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":123668,"depth":69,"text":123669},{"id":65382,"depth":69,"text":66165,"children":124753},[124754],{"id":123889,"depth":110,"text":123890},{"id":123977,"depth":69,"text":123978},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":124757},[124758,124760,124761,124763],{"id":124123,"depth":110,"text":124759},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124233,"depth":110,"text":124234},{"id":124321,"depth":110,"text":124762},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124357,"depth":110,"text":124358},{"id":58517,"depth":69,"text":59147},{"id":26095,"depth":69,"text":26096},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":124767},[124768,124770,124772,124774,124776],{"id":124654,"depth":110,"text":124769},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124664,"depth":110,"text":124771},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124673,"depth":110,"text":124773},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124683,"depth":110,"text":124775},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124692,"depth":110,"text":124777},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123325,"description":124779},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124786,"title":124787,"body":124788,"description":126373,"extension":2138,"meta":126374,"navigation":149,"path":126375,"seo":126376,"stem":126377,"__hash__":126378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124789,"toc":126346},[124790,124793,124796,124893,124902,124904,124923,124927,124930,124933,124946,124949,124978,124983,124988,125046,125048,125081,125087,125091,125094,125097,125126,125129,125156,125159,125162,125166,125169,125176,125239,125241,125259,125262,125266,125269,125272,125314,125317,125361,125364,125367,125371,125376,125379,125422,125424,125447,125450,125483,125486,125535,125545,125549,125552,125555,125584,125587,125598,125600,125659,125662,125666,125669,125672,125687,125696,125699,125733,125736,125763,125766,125773,125775,125778,125780,125783,125797,125806,125808,125835,125839,125842,125856,125859,125918,125922,125925,125952,125955,125982,125990,125993,126053,126055,126088,126092,126095,126114,126119,126168,126173,126175,126178,126237,126255,126257,126261,126269,126273,126276,126280,126286,126290,126300,126304,126307,126309,126343],[10,124791,124787],{"id":124792},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124794,124795],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[23,124797,124799],{"className":25,"code":124798,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[30,124800,124801,124813,124825,124834,124848,124852,124862,124872,124883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124802,124803,124805,124807,124809,124811],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124804,8034],{"class":39},[33,124806,44],{"class":43},[33,124808,91],{"class":79},[33,124810,5169],{"class":83},[33,124812,3532],{"class":79},[33,124814,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124816,89983],{"class":39},[33,124818,44],{"class":43},[33,124820,245],{"class":79},[33,124822,35023],{"class":83},[33,124824,29853],{"class":79},[33,124826,124827,124830,124832],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,124828,124829],{"class":39},"empty ",[33,124831,44],{"class":43},[33,124833,8039],{"class":79},[33,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,124837,34843],{"class":39},[33,124839,44],{"class":43},[33,124841,49058],{"class":129},[33,124843,133],{"class":47},[33,124845,50399],{"class":51},[33,124847,143],{"class":47},[33,124849,124850],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,124851,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,124853,124854,124856,124858,124860],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,124855,157],{"class":156},[33,124857,133],{"class":47},[33,124859,7827],{"class":162},[33,124861,143],{"class":47},[33,124863,124864,124866,124868,124870],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,124865,157],{"class":156},[33,124867,133],{"class":47},[33,124869,90000],{"class":162},[33,124871,143],{"class":47},[33,124873,124874,124876,124878,124881],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,124875,157],{"class":156},[33,124877,133],{"class":47},[33,124879,124880],{"class":162},"empty",[33,124882,143],{"class":47},[33,124884,124885,124887,124889,124891],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,124886,157],{"class":156},[33,124888,133],{"class":47},[33,124890,34864],{"class":162},[33,124892,143],{"class":47},[14,124894,124895,124898,124899,124901],{},[205,124896,124897],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[30,124900,47837],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[18,124903,314],{"id":313},[316,124905,124906,124909,124912,124915,124920],{},[319,124907,124908],{},"What a string is in Python",[319,124910,124911],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[319,124913,124914],{},"How to create an empty string",[319,124916,124917,124918],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[30,124919,47837],{},[319,124921,124922],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[18,124924,124926],{"id":124925},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124928,124929],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124931,124932],{},"Strings can contain:",[316,124934,124935,124938,124940,124943],{},[319,124936,124937],{},"Letters",[319,124939,56606],{},[319,124941,124942],{},"Spaces",[319,124944,124945],{},"Symbols",[14,124947,124948],{},"Examples of strings:",[23,124950,124952],{"className":25,"code":124951,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[30,124953,124954,124962,124970],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124955,124956,124958,124960],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124957,80],{"class":43481},[33,124959,545],{"class":43485},[33,124961,3532],{"class":43481},[33,124963,124964,124966,124968],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,124965,80],{"class":43481},[33,124967,50399],{"class":43485},[33,124969,3532],{"class":43481},[33,124971,124972,124974,124976],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,124973,80],{"class":43481},[33,124975,89125],{"class":43485},[33,124977,3532],{"class":43481},[14,124979,21131,124980,124982],{},[30,124981,50449],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124984,124985,124986,3061],{},"You can check the type with ",[30,124987,2478],{},[23,124989,124991],{"className":25,"code":124990,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,124992,124993,125005,125014,125018,125032],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,124994,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,124996,34843],{"class":39},[33,124998,44],{"class":43},[33,125000,91],{"class":79},[33,125002,50399],{"class":83},[33,125004,3532],{"class":79},[33,125006,125007,125009,125011],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125008,2394],{"class":39},[33,125010,44],{"class":43},[33,125012,125013],{"class":51}," 123\n",[33,125015,125016],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125017,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125019,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028,125030],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125021,157],{"class":156},[33,125023,133],{"class":47},[33,125025,1406],{"class":129},[33,125027,133],{"class":47},[33,125029,34864],{"class":162},[33,125031,733],{"class":47},[33,125033,125034,125036,125038,125040,125042,125044],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125035,157],{"class":156},[33,125037,133],{"class":47},[33,125039,1406],{"class":129},[33,125041,133],{"class":47},[33,125043,2416],{"class":162},[33,125045,733],{"class":47},[14,125047,207],{},[23,125049,125051],{"className":25,"code":125050,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,125052,125053,125067],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125054,125055,125057,125059,125061,125063,125065],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125056,1427],{"class":43},[33,125058,1431],{"class":1430},[33,125060,245],{"class":79},[33,125062,3617],{"class":83},[33,125064,236],{"class":79},[33,125066,1441],{"class":43},[33,125068,125069,125071,125073,125075,125077,125079],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125070,1427],{"class":43},[33,125072,1431],{"class":1430},[33,125074,245],{"class":79},[33,125076,2366],{"class":83},[33,125078,236],{"class":79},[33,125080,1441],{"class":43},[14,125082,125083,125084,310],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[273,125085,125086],{"href":51129},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[18,125088,125090],{"id":125089},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125092,125093],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125095,125096],{},"You can use single quotes:",[23,125098,125100],{"className":25,"code":125099,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[30,125101,125102,125115],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125103,125104,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125105,125106],{"class":39},"greeting ",[33,125108,44],{"class":43},[33,125110,245],{"class":79},[33,125112,545],{"class":83},[33,125114,29853],{"class":79},[33,125116,125117,125119,125121,125124],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125118,157],{"class":156},[33,125120,133],{"class":47},[33,125122,125123],{"class":162},"greeting",[33,125125,143],{"class":47},[14,125127,125128],{},"Or double quotes:",[23,125130,125132],{"className":25,"code":125131,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[30,125133,125134,125146],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125135,125136,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125137,125106],{"class":39},[33,125139,44],{"class":43},[33,125141,91],{"class":79},[33,125143,545],{"class":83},[33,125145,3532],{"class":79},[33,125147,125148,125150,125152,125154],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125149,157],{"class":156},[33,125151,133],{"class":47},[33,125153,125123],{"class":162},[33,125155,143],{"class":47},[14,125157,125158],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125160,125161],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[18,125163,125165],{"id":125164},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125167,125168],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125170,125171,125172,453,125174,3061],{},"Use either ",[30,125173,6431],{},[30,125175,3945],{},[23,125177,125179],{"className":25,"code":125178,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[30,125180,125181,125190,125199,125203,125214,125225],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125182,125183,125186,125188],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125184,125185],{"class":39},"empty1 ",[33,125187,44],{"class":43},[33,125189,8039],{"class":79},[33,125191,125192,125195,125197],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125193,125194],{"class":39},"empty2 ",[33,125196,44],{"class":43},[33,125198,47649],{"class":79},[33,125200,125201],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125202,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125204,125205,125207,125209,125212],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125206,157],{"class":156},[33,125208,133],{"class":47},[33,125210,125211],{"class":162},"empty1",[33,125213,143],{"class":47},[33,125215,125216,125218,125220,125223],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125217,157],{"class":156},[33,125219,133],{"class":47},[33,125221,125222],{"class":162},"empty2",[33,125224,143],{"class":47},[33,125226,125227,125229,125231,125233,125235,125237],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,125228,157],{"class":156},[33,125230,133],{"class":47},[33,125232,1406],{"class":129},[33,125234,133],{"class":47},[33,125236,125211],{"class":162},[33,125238,733],{"class":47},[14,125240,207],{},[23,125242,125243],{"className":25,"code":45924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,125244,125245],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125246,125247,125249,125251,125253,125255,125257],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125248,1427],{"class":43},[33,125250,1431],{"class":1430},[33,125252,245],{"class":79},[33,125254,3617],{"class":83},[33,125256,236],{"class":79},[33,125258,1441],{"class":43},[14,125260,125261],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[18,125263,125265],{"id":125264},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125267,125268],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125270,125271],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[23,125273,125275],{"className":25,"code":125274,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[30,125276,125277,125288,125293,125300,125304],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125278,125279,125281,125283,125286],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125280,89983],{"class":39},[33,125282,44],{"class":43},[33,125284,125285],{"class":79}," \"\"\"",[33,125287,88925],{"class":83},[33,125289,125290],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125291,125292],{"class":83},"Welcome to Python\n",[33,125294,125295,125298],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125296,125297],{"class":83},"Have a nice day",[33,125299,43489],{"class":79},[33,125301,125302],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125303,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125305,125306,125308,125310,125312],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125307,157],{"class":156},[33,125309,133],{"class":47},[33,125311,90000],{"class":162},[33,125313,143],{"class":47},[14,125315,125316],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[23,125318,125320],{"className":25,"code":125319,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[30,125321,125322,125334,125339,125347,125351],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125323,125324,125326,125328,125331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125325,89983],{"class":39},[33,125327,44],{"class":43},[33,125329,125330],{"class":79}," '''",[33,125332,125333],{"class":83},"Line 1\n",[33,125335,125336],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125337,125338],{"class":83},"Line 2\n",[33,125340,125341,125344],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125342,125343],{"class":83},"Line 3",[33,125345,125346],{"class":79},"'''\n",[33,125348,125349],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125350,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125352,125353,125355,125357,125359],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125354,157],{"class":156},[33,125356,133],{"class":47},[33,125358,90000],{"class":162},[33,125360,143],{"class":47},[14,125362,125363],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125365,125366],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[18,125368,125370],{"id":125369},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125372,2155,125373,125375],{},[30,125374,47837],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125377,125378],{},"Example with a number:",[23,125380,125382],{"className":25,"code":125381,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,125383,125384,125398,125408],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125385,125386,125388,125390,125392,125394,125396],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125387,34843],{"class":39},[33,125389,44],{"class":43},[33,125391,49058],{"class":129},[33,125393,133],{"class":47},[33,125395,46680],{"class":51},[33,125397,143],{"class":47},[33,125399,125400,125402,125404,125406],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125401,157],{"class":156},[33,125403,133],{"class":47},[33,125405,34864],{"class":162},[33,125407,143],{"class":47},[33,125409,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125411,157],{"class":156},[33,125413,133],{"class":47},[33,125415,1406],{"class":129},[33,125417,133],{"class":47},[33,125419,34864],{"class":162},[33,125421,733],{"class":47},[14,125423,207],{},[23,125425,125427],{"className":25,"code":125426,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,125428,125429,125433],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125430,125431],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125432,46766],{"class":51},[33,125434,125435,125437,125439,125441,125443,125445],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125436,1427],{"class":43},[33,125438,1431],{"class":1430},[33,125440,245],{"class":79},[33,125442,3617],{"class":83},[33,125444,236],{"class":79},[33,125446,1441],{"class":43},[14,125448,125449],{},"You can also convert other values:",[23,125451,125453],{"className":25,"code":125452,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[30,125454,125455,125469],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125456,125457,125459,125461,125463,125465,125467],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125458,157],{"class":156},[33,125460,133],{"class":47},[33,125462,3617],{"class":129},[33,125464,133],{"class":47},[33,125466,3777],{"class":398},[33,125468,733],{"class":47},[33,125470,125471,125473,125475,125477,125479,125481],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125472,157],{"class":156},[33,125474,133],{"class":47},[33,125476,3617],{"class":129},[33,125478,133],{"class":47},[33,125480,40298],{"class":51},[33,125482,733],{"class":47},[14,125484,125485],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[23,125487,125489],{"className":25,"code":125488,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[30,125490,125491,125499,125521,125525],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125492,125493,125495,125497],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125494,21782],{"class":39},[33,125496,44],{"class":43},[33,125498,45379],{"class":51},[33,125500,125501,125503,125505,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517,125519],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125502,89983],{"class":39},[33,125504,44],{"class":43},[33,125506,91],{"class":79},[33,125508,89401],{"class":83},[33,125510,80],{"class":79},[33,125512,2629],{"class":43},[33,125514,49058],{"class":129},[33,125516,133],{"class":47},[33,125518,9453],{"class":162},[33,125520,143],{"class":47},[33,125522,125523],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125524,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125526,125527,125529,125531,125533],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125528,157],{"class":156},[33,125530,133],{"class":47},[33,125532,90000],{"class":162},[33,125534,143],{"class":47},[14,125536,125537,125538,453,125542,310],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[273,125539,2076,125540,3683],{"href":42328},[30,125541,47837],{},[273,125543,125544],{"href":123256},"how to convert int to string in Python",[18,125546,125548],{"id":125547},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125550,125551],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125553,125554],{},"Both of these are valid:",[23,125556,125558],{"className":25,"code":125557,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[30,125559,125560,125572],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125561,125562,125564,125566,125568,125570],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125563,2729],{"class":39},[33,125565,44],{"class":43},[33,125567,245],{"class":79},[33,125569,7456],{"class":83},[33,125571,29853],{"class":79},[33,125573,125574,125576,125578,125580,125582],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125575,2757],{"class":39},[33,125577,44],{"class":43},[33,125579,91],{"class":79},[33,125581,7456],{"class":83},[33,125583,3532],{"class":79},[14,125585,125586],{},"A common rule is:",[316,125588,125589,125592,125595],{},[319,125590,125591],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[319,125593,125594],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[319,125596,125597],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125599,367],{},[23,125601,125603],{"className":25,"code":125602,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[30,125604,125605,125619,125633,125637,125648],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125606,125607,125610,125612,125614,125617],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125608,125609],{"class":39},"text1 ",[33,125611,44],{"class":43},[33,125613,91],{"class":79},[33,125615,125616],{"class":83},"It's working",[33,125618,3532],{"class":79},[33,125620,125621,125624,125626,125628,125631],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125622,125623],{"class":39},"text2 ",[33,125625,44],{"class":43},[33,125627,245],{"class":79},[33,125629,125630],{"class":83},"She said \"hello\"",[33,125632,29853],{"class":79},[33,125634,125635],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125636,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125638,125639,125641,125643,125646],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125640,157],{"class":156},[33,125642,133],{"class":47},[33,125644,125645],{"class":162},"text1",[33,125647,143],{"class":47},[33,125649,125650,125652,125654,125657],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125651,157],{"class":156},[33,125653,133],{"class":47},[33,125655,125656],{"class":162},"text2",[33,125658,143],{"class":47},[14,125660,125661],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[18,125663,125665],{"id":125664},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125667,125668],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125670,125671],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[23,125673,125675],{"className":25,"code":125674,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[30,125676,125677,125682],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125678,125679],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125680,125681],{"class":1308},"# This will cause an error\n",[33,125683,125684],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125685,125686],{"class":1308},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125688,125689,125690,35486,125692,125695],{},"Python sees the second ",[30,125691,236],{},[30,125693,125694],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125697,125698],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[23,125700,125702],{"className":25,"code":125701,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[30,125703,125704,125723],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125705,125706,125708,125710,125712,125715,125718,125721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125707,34843],{"class":39},[33,125709,44],{"class":43},[33,125711,245],{"class":79},[33,125713,125714],{"class":83},"It",[33,125716,125717],{"class":34609},"\\'",[33,125719,125720],{"class":83},"s working",[33,125722,29853],{"class":79},[33,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125726,157],{"class":156},[33,125728,133],{"class":47},[33,125730,34864],{"class":162},[33,125732,143],{"class":47},[14,125734,125735],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[23,125737,125739],{"className":25,"code":125738,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[30,125740,125741,125753],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749,125751],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125744,34843],{"class":39},[33,125746,44],{"class":43},[33,125748,91],{"class":79},[33,125750,125616],{"class":83},[33,125752,3532],{"class":79},[33,125754,125755,125757,125759,125761],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125756,157],{"class":156},[33,125758,133],{"class":47},[33,125760,34864],{"class":162},[33,125762,143],{"class":47},[14,125764,125765],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125767,125768,125769,310],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[273,125770,125772],{"href":125771},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[18,125774,3006],{"id":3005},[14,125776,125777],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[664,125779,90190],{"id":90189},[14,125781,125782],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[23,125784,125786],{"className":25,"code":125785,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[30,125787,125788,125792],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125789,125790],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125791,125681],{"class":1308},[33,125793,125794],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125795,125796],{"class":1308},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125798,125799,125800,8757,125803,125805],{},"Python may raise a ",[30,125801,125802],{},"NameError",[30,125804,5169],{}," is not defined.",[14,125807,1328],{},[23,125809,125811],{"className":25,"code":125810,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[30,125812,125813,125825],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125814,125815,125817,125819,125821,125823],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125816,8034],{"class":39},[33,125818,44],{"class":43},[33,125820,91],{"class":79},[33,125822,5169],{"class":83},[33,125824,3532],{"class":79},[33,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125828,157],{"class":156},[33,125830,133],{"class":47},[33,125832,7827],{"class":162},[33,125834,143],{"class":47},[664,125836,125838],{"id":125837},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125840,125841],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[23,125843,125845],{"className":25,"code":125844,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[30,125846,125847,125851],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125848,125849],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125850,125681],{"class":1308},[33,125852,125853],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125854,125855],{"class":1308},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125857,125858],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[23,125860,125862],{"className":25,"code":125861,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[30,125863,125864,125881,125894,125898,125908],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125865,125866,125868,125870,125872,125874,125876,125879],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125867,125609],{"class":39},[33,125869,44],{"class":43},[33,125871,245],{"class":79},[33,125873,125714],{"class":83},[33,125875,125717],{"class":34609},[33,125877,125878],{"class":83},"s good",[33,125880,29853],{"class":79},[33,125882,125883,125885,125887,125889,125892],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125884,125623],{"class":39},[33,125886,44],{"class":43},[33,125888,91],{"class":79},[33,125890,125891],{"class":83},"It's good",[33,125893,3532],{"class":79},[33,125895,125896],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,125897,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,125899,125900,125902,125904,125906],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,125901,157],{"class":156},[33,125903,133],{"class":47},[33,125905,125645],{"class":162},[33,125907,143],{"class":47},[33,125909,125910,125912,125914,125916],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,125911,157],{"class":156},[33,125913,133],{"class":47},[33,125915,125656],{"class":162},[33,125917,143],{"class":47},[664,125919,125921],{"id":125920},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125923,125924],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[23,125926,125928],{"className":25,"code":125927,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[30,125929,125930,125942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125931,125932,125934,125936,125938,125940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125933,34843],{"class":39},[33,125935,44],{"class":43},[33,125937,125285],{"class":79},[33,125939,545],{"class":83},[33,125941,43489],{"class":79},[33,125943,125944,125946,125948,125950],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125945,157],{"class":156},[33,125947,133],{"class":47},[33,125949,34864],{"class":162},[33,125951,143],{"class":47},[14,125953,125954],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[23,125956,125958],{"className":25,"code":125957,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[30,125959,125960,125972],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125961,125962,125964,125966,125968,125970],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,125963,34843],{"class":39},[33,125965,44],{"class":43},[33,125967,91],{"class":79},[33,125969,545],{"class":83},[33,125971,3532],{"class":79},[33,125973,125974,125976,125978,125980],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,125975,157],{"class":156},[33,125977,133],{"class":47},[33,125979,34864],{"class":162},[33,125981,143],{"class":47},[664,125983,4744,125985,2030,125987,125989],{"id":125984},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[30,125986,50399],{},[30,125988,50449],{}," are the same type",[14,125991,125992],{},"They are different:",[23,125994,125996],{"className":25,"code":125995,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[30,125997,125998,126007,126020,126024,126038],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,125999,126000,126003,126005],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126001,126002],{"class":39},"value1 ",[33,126004,44],{"class":43},[33,126006,125013],{"class":51},[33,126008,126009,126012,126014,126016,126018],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126010,126011],{"class":39},"value2 ",[33,126013,44],{"class":43},[33,126015,91],{"class":79},[33,126017,50399],{"class":83},[33,126019,3532],{"class":79},[33,126021,126022],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126023,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,126025,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034,126036],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,126027,157],{"class":156},[33,126029,133],{"class":47},[33,126031,1406],{"class":129},[33,126033,133],{"class":47},[33,126035,84746],{"class":162},[33,126037,733],{"class":47},[33,126039,126040,126042,126044,126046,126048,126051],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,126041,157],{"class":156},[33,126043,133],{"class":47},[33,126045,1406],{"class":129},[33,126047,133],{"class":47},[33,126049,126050],{"class":162},"value2",[33,126052,733],{"class":47},[14,126054,207],{},[23,126056,126058],{"className":25,"code":126057,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,126059,126060,126074],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126061,126062,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126063,1427],{"class":43},[33,126065,1431],{"class":1430},[33,126067,245],{"class":79},[33,126069,2366],{"class":83},[33,126071,236],{"class":79},[33,126073,1441],{"class":43},[33,126075,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126077,1427],{"class":43},[33,126079,1431],{"class":1430},[33,126081,245],{"class":79},[33,126083,3617],{"class":83},[33,126085,236],{"class":79},[33,126087,1441],{"class":43},[664,126089,126091],{"id":126090},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126093,126094],{},"This causes a type error:",[23,126096,126098],{"className":25,"code":126097,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[30,126099,126100,126104,126109],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126101,126102],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126103,125681],{"class":1308},[33,126105,126106],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126107,126108],{"class":1308},"# age = 10\n",[33,126110,126111],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126112,126113],{"class":1308},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126115,126116,126117,3061],{},"Fix it with ",[30,126118,47837],{},[23,126120,126122],{"className":25,"code":126121,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[30,126123,126124,126132,126154,126158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126125,126126,126128,126130],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126127,21782],{"class":39},[33,126129,44],{"class":43},[33,126131,2762],{"class":51},[33,126133,126134,126136,126138,126140,126142,126144,126146,126148,126150,126152],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126135,89983],{"class":39},[33,126137,44],{"class":43},[33,126139,91],{"class":79},[33,126141,89401],{"class":83},[33,126143,80],{"class":79},[33,126145,2629],{"class":43},[33,126147,49058],{"class":129},[33,126149,133],{"class":47},[33,126151,9453],{"class":162},[33,126153,143],{"class":47},[33,126155,126156],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126157,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,126159,126160,126162,126164,126166],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,126161,157],{"class":156},[33,126163,133],{"class":47},[33,126165,90000],{"class":162},[33,126167,143],{"class":47},[14,126169,126170,126171,310],{},"For this specific error, see ",[273,126172,90382],{"href":90381},[664,126174,1827],{"id":1826},[14,126176,126177],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[23,126179,126181],{"className":25,"code":126180,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[30,126182,126183,126195,126199,126209,126223],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126184,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126186,34843],{"class":39},[33,126188,44],{"class":43},[33,126190,91],{"class":79},[33,126192,545],{"class":83},[33,126194,3532],{"class":79},[33,126196,126197],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126198,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,126200,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126202,157],{"class":156},[33,126204,133],{"class":47},[33,126206,34864],{"class":162},[33,126208,143],{"class":47},[33,126210,126211,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,126212,157],{"class":156},[33,126214,133],{"class":47},[33,126216,1406],{"class":129},[33,126218,133],{"class":47},[33,126220,34864],{"class":162},[33,126222,733],{"class":47},[33,126224,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,126226,157],{"class":156},[33,126228,133],{"class":47},[33,126230,41932],{"class":156},[33,126232,133],{"class":47},[33,126234,34864],{"class":162},[33,126236,733],{"class":47},[316,126238,126239,126244,126249],{},[319,126240,126241,46432],{},[30,126242,126243],{},"print(text)",[319,126245,126246,46437],{},[30,126247,126248],{},"print(type(text))",[319,126250,126251,126254],{},[30,126252,126253],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[18,126256,1961],{"id":1960},[664,126258,126260],{"id":126259},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126262,126263,126264,453,126267,310],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[30,126265,126266],{},"'hello'",[30,126268,64510],{},[664,126270,126272],{"id":126271},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126274,126275],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[664,126277,126279],{"id":126278},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126281,672,126282,453,126284,310],{},[30,126283,6431],{},[30,126285,3945],{},[664,126287,126289],{"id":126288},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126291,672,126292,126294,126295,126297,126298,310],{},[30,126293,47837],{},", like ",[30,126296,80356],{},", which returns ",[30,126299,42279],{},[664,126301,126303],{"id":126302},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126305,126306],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[18,126308,2045],{"id":2044},[316,126310,126311,126315,126321,126326,126335,126339],{},[319,126312,126313],{},[273,126314,125086],{"href":51129},[319,126316,126317],{},[273,126318,2076,126319,3683],{"href":42328},[30,126320,47837],{},[319,126322,126323],{},[273,126324,126325],{"href":123256},"How to convert int to string in Python",[319,126327,126328],{},[273,126329,126331,126332,887],{"href":126330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[30,126333,126334],{},"format()",[319,126336,126337],{},[273,126338,125772],{"href":125771},[319,126340,126341],{},[273,126342,90382],{"href":90381},[2097,126344,126345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":126347},[126348,126349,126350,126351,126352,126353,126354,126355,126356,126365,126372],{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":124925,"depth":69,"text":124926},{"id":125089,"depth":69,"text":125090},{"id":125164,"depth":69,"text":125165},{"id":125264,"depth":69,"text":125265},{"id":125369,"depth":69,"text":125370},{"id":125547,"depth":69,"text":125548},{"id":125664,"depth":69,"text":125665},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":126357},[126358,126359,126360,126361,126363,126364],{"id":90189,"depth":110,"text":90190},{"id":125837,"depth":110,"text":125838},{"id":125920,"depth":110,"text":125921},{"id":125984,"depth":110,"text":126362},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126090,"depth":110,"text":126091},{"id":1826,"depth":110,"text":1827},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":126366},[126367,126368,126369,126370,126371],{"id":126259,"depth":110,"text":126260},{"id":126271,"depth":110,"text":126272},{"id":126278,"depth":110,"text":126279},{"id":126288,"depth":110,"text":126289},{"id":126302,"depth":110,"text":126303},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124787,"description":126373},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126380,"title":126381,"body":126382,"description":128296,"extension":2138,"meta":128297,"navigation":149,"path":128298,"seo":128299,"stem":128300,"__hash__":128301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126383,"toc":128257},[126384,126390,126395,126403,126405,126472,126474,126486,126495,126500,126504,126521,126523,126588,126590,126602,126607,126609,126637,126658,126661,126700,126702,126710,126714,126718,126722,126730,126733,126774,126776,126784,126787,126844,126846,126854,126858,126863,126907,126909,126917,126926,126930,126935,126983,126985,126993,126999,127001,127005,127017,127022,127101,127103,127123,127127,127131,127171,127173,127181,127185,127228,127230,127238,127242,127282,127284,127292,127296,127352,127354,127362,127368,127370,127374,127384,127451,127453,127466,127473,127516,127518,127526,127530,127533,127589,127591,127599,127602,127604,127681,127683,127691,127700,127702,127706,127710,127712,127734,127737,127784,127788,127827,127829,127837,127839,127881,127888,127893,127955,127957,127969,127975,127980,128029,128031,128050,128056,128058,128077,128079,128170,128172,128178,128185,128191,128197,128202,128211,128218,128226,128228,128254],[10,126385,123331,126387,2059],{"id":126386},"python-string-endswith-method",[30,126388,126389],{},"endswith()",[14,126391,123336,126392,126394],{},[30,126393,126389],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126396,126397,126398,453,126400,126402],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[30,126399,3777],{},[30,126401,3844],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[18,126404,2180],{"id":2179},[23,126406,126408],{"className":25,"code":126407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[30,126409,126410,126424,126449],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126411,126412,126415,126417,126419,126422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126413,126414],{"class":39},"filename ",[33,126416,44],{"class":43},[33,126418,91],{"class":79},[33,126420,126421],{"class":83},"report.csv",[33,126423,3532],{"class":79},[33,126425,126426,126428,126430,126433,126435,126438,126440,126442,126445,126447],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126427,157],{"class":156},[33,126429,133],{"class":47},[33,126431,126432],{"class":162},"filename",[33,126434,310],{"class":47},[33,126436,126437],{"class":162},"endswith",[33,126439,133],{"class":47},[33,126441,80],{"class":79},[33,126443,126444],{"class":83},".csv",[33,126446,80],{"class":79},[33,126448,733],{"class":47},[33,126450,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126468,126470],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126452,157],{"class":156},[33,126454,133],{"class":47},[33,126456,126432],{"class":162},[33,126458,310],{"class":47},[33,126460,126437],{"class":162},[33,126462,133],{"class":47},[33,126464,80],{"class":79},[33,126466,126467],{"class":83},".txt",[33,126469,80],{"class":79},[33,126471,733],{"class":47},[14,126473,207],{},[23,126475,126476],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126477,126478,126482],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126479,126480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126481,4148],{"class":398},[33,126483,126484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126485,4209],{"class":398},[14,126487,672,126488,5530,126490,453,126492,126494],{},[30,126489,126389],{},[30,126491,3777],{},[30,126493,3844],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[18,126496,3848,126498,3851],{"id":126497},"what-endswith-does",[30,126499,126389],{},[14,126501,126502,3061],{},[30,126503,126389],{},[316,126505,126506,126509,126515,126518],{},[319,126507,126508],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[319,126510,11575,126511,453,126513],{},[30,126512,3777],{},[30,126514,3844],{},[319,126516,126517],{},"Does not change the original string",[319,126519,126520],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126522,367],{},[23,126524,126526],{"className":25,"code":126525,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[30,126527,126528,126540,126544,126566],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126529,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126531,34843],{"class":39},[33,126533,44],{"class":43},[33,126535,91],{"class":79},[33,126537,1517],{"class":83},[33,126539,3532],{"class":79},[33,126541,126542],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126543,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,126545,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,126547,157],{"class":156},[33,126549,133],{"class":47},[33,126551,34864],{"class":162},[33,126553,310],{"class":47},[33,126555,126437],{"class":162},[33,126557,133],{"class":47},[33,126559,80],{"class":79},[33,126561,1708],{"class":83},[33,126563,80],{"class":79},[33,126565,733],{"class":47},[33,126567,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,126569,157],{"class":156},[33,126571,133],{"class":47},[33,126573,34864],{"class":162},[33,126575,310],{"class":47},[33,126577,126437],{"class":162},[33,126579,133],{"class":47},[33,126581,80],{"class":79},[33,126583,545],{"class":83},[33,126585,80],{"class":79},[33,126587,733],{"class":47},[14,126589,207],{},[23,126591,126592],{"className":25,"code":44327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126593,126594,126598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126595,126596],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126597,4148],{"class":398},[33,126599,126600],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126601,4209],{"class":398},[14,126603,126604,126605,310],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[273,126606,125086],{"href":51129},[18,126608,2334],{"id":2333},[23,126610,126612],{"className":25,"code":126611,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[30,126613,126614],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126615,126616,126618,126620,126622,126624,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126617,61149],{"class":39},[33,126619,310],{"class":47},[33,126621,126437],{"class":162},[33,126623,133],{"class":47},[33,126625,126626],{"class":162},"suffix",[33,126628,55],{"class":47},[33,126630,36207],{"class":162},[33,126632,55],{"class":47},[33,126634,65016],{"class":162},[33,126636,143],{"class":47},[316,126638,126639,126644,126651],{},[319,126640,126641,126643],{},[30,126642,126626],{}," is required",[319,126645,126646,2030,126648,126650],{},[30,126647,36228],{},[30,126649,52812],{}," are optional",[319,126652,126653,2030,126655,126657],{},[30,126654,36228],{},[30,126656,52812],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126659,126660],{},"Basic example:",[23,126662,126664],{"className":25,"code":126663,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[30,126665,126666,126678],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126667,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126669,126414],{"class":39},[33,126671,44],{"class":43},[33,126673,91],{"class":79},[33,126675,86871],{"class":83},[33,126677,3532],{"class":79},[33,126679,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126681,157],{"class":156},[33,126683,133],{"class":47},[33,126685,126432],{"class":162},[33,126687,310],{"class":47},[33,126689,126437],{"class":162},[33,126691,133],{"class":47},[33,126693,80],{"class":79},[33,126695,126467],{"class":83},[33,126697,80],{"class":79},[33,126699,733],{"class":47},[14,126701,207],{},[23,126703,126704],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126705,126706],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126707,126708],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126709,4148],{"class":398},[18,126711,126713],{"id":126712},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[664,126715,126716],{"id":126626},[30,126717,126626],{},[14,126719,126720,30904],{},[30,126721,126626],{},[316,126723,126724,126727],{},[319,126725,126726],{},"A single string",[319,126728,126729],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126731,126732],{},"Single suffix:",[23,126734,126736],{"className":25,"code":126735,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[30,126737,126738,126751],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126739,126740,126742,126744,126746,126749],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126741,8034],{"class":39},[33,126743,44],{"class":43},[33,126745,91],{"class":79},[33,126747,126748],{"class":83},"image.png",[33,126750,3532],{"class":79},[33,126752,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126770,126772],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126754,157],{"class":156},[33,126756,133],{"class":47},[33,126758,7827],{"class":162},[33,126760,310],{"class":47},[33,126762,126437],{"class":162},[33,126764,133],{"class":47},[33,126766,80],{"class":79},[33,126768,126769],{"class":83},".png",[33,126771,80],{"class":79},[33,126773,733],{"class":47},[14,126775,207],{},[23,126777,126778],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126779,126780],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126781,126782],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126783,4148],{"class":398},[14,126785,126786],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[23,126788,126790],{"className":25,"code":126789,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[30,126791,126792,126804],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126793,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126795,8034],{"class":39},[33,126797,44],{"class":43},[33,126799,91],{"class":79},[33,126801,126748],{"class":83},[33,126803,3532],{"class":79},[33,126805,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126840,126842],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126807,157],{"class":156},[33,126809,133],{"class":47},[33,126811,7827],{"class":162},[33,126813,310],{"class":47},[33,126815,126437],{"class":162},[33,126817,1010],{"class":47},[33,126819,80],{"class":79},[33,126821,126822],{"class":83},".jpg",[33,126824,80],{"class":79},[33,126826,55],{"class":47},[33,126828,91],{"class":79},[33,126830,126769],{"class":83},[33,126832,80],{"class":79},[33,126834,55],{"class":47},[33,126836,91],{"class":79},[33,126838,126839],{"class":83},".gif",[33,126841,80],{"class":79},[33,126843,1890],{"class":47},[14,126845,207],{},[23,126847,126848],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126849,126850],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126851,126852],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126853,4148],{"class":398},[664,126855,126856],{"id":36228},[30,126857,36228],{},[14,126859,126860,126862],{},[30,126861,36228],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[23,126864,126866],{"className":25,"code":126865,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[30,126867,126868,126881],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126869,126870,126872,126874,126876,126879],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126871,34843],{"class":39},[33,126873,44],{"class":43},[33,126875,91],{"class":79},[33,126877,126878],{"class":83},"my_report.csv",[33,126880,3532],{"class":79},[33,126882,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126884,157],{"class":156},[33,126886,133],{"class":47},[33,126888,34864],{"class":162},[33,126890,310],{"class":47},[33,126892,126437],{"class":162},[33,126894,133],{"class":47},[33,126896,80],{"class":79},[33,126898,126444],{"class":83},[33,126900,80],{"class":79},[33,126902,55],{"class":47},[33,126904,63],{"class":51},[33,126906,733],{"class":47},[14,126908,207],{},[23,126910,126911],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126912,126913],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126914,126915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126916,4148],{"class":398},[14,126918,126919,126920,126922,126923,310],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[30,126921,2240],{}," onward, which is ",[30,126924,126925],{},"\"report.csv\"",[664,126927,126928],{"id":52812},[30,126929,52812],{},[14,126931,126932,126934],{},[30,126933,52812],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[23,126936,126938],{"className":25,"code":126937,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[30,126939,126940,126953],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126941,126942,126944,126946,126948,126951],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126943,34843],{"class":39},[33,126945,44],{"class":43},[33,126947,91],{"class":79},[33,126949,126950],{"class":83},"report.csv backup",[33,126952,3532],{"class":79},[33,126954,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975,126977,126979,126981],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,126956,157],{"class":156},[33,126958,133],{"class":47},[33,126960,34864],{"class":162},[33,126962,310],{"class":47},[33,126964,126437],{"class":162},[33,126966,133],{"class":47},[33,126968,80],{"class":79},[33,126970,126444],{"class":83},[33,126972,80],{"class":79},[33,126974,55],{"class":47},[33,126976,4004],{"class":51},[33,126978,55],{"class":47},[33,126980,393],{"class":51},[33,126982,733],{"class":47},[14,126984,207],{},[23,126986,126987],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,126988,126989],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,126990,126991],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,126992,4148],{"class":398},[14,126994,126995,126996,126998],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[30,126997,126925],{}," and ignores the rest.",[18,127000,17571],{"id":17570},[14,127002,127003,25662],{},[30,127004,126389],{},[316,127006,127007,127012],{},[319,127008,127009,127011],{},[30,127010,3777],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[319,127013,127014,127016],{},[30,127015,3844],{}," if it does not",[14,127018,127019,127020,7331],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[30,127021,7156],{},[23,127023,127025],{"className":25,"code":127024,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[30,127026,127027,127040,127044,127065,127080,127086],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127028,127029,127031,127033,127035,127038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127030,126414],{"class":39},[33,127032,44],{"class":43},[33,127034,91],{"class":79},[33,127036,127037],{"class":83},"data.csv",[33,127039,3532],{"class":79},[33,127041,127042],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127043,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,127045,127046,127048,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,127047,7156],{"class":4046},[33,127049,127050],{"class":39}," filename",[33,127052,310],{"class":47},[33,127054,126437],{"class":162},[33,127056,133],{"class":47},[33,127058,80],{"class":79},[33,127060,126444],{"class":83},[33,127062,80],{"class":79},[33,127064,8498],{"class":47},[33,127066,127067,127069,127071,127073,127076,127078],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,127068,8227],{"class":156},[33,127070,133],{"class":47},[33,127072,80],{"class":79},[33,127074,127075],{"class":83},"This is a CSV file.",[33,127077,80],{"class":79},[33,127079,143],{"class":47},[33,127081,127082,127084],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,127083,27586],{"class":4046},[33,127085,6553],{"class":47},[33,127087,127088,127090,127092,127094,127097,127099],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,127089,8227],{"class":156},[33,127091,133],{"class":47},[33,127093,80],{"class":79},[33,127095,127096],{"class":83},"This is not a CSV file.",[33,127098,80],{"class":79},[33,127100,143],{"class":47},[14,127102,207],{},[23,127104,127106],{"className":25,"code":127105,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"This is a CSV file.\n",[30,127107,127108],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127109,127110,127112,127114,127116,127119,127121],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127111,50032],{"class":39},[33,127113,12346],{"class":43},[33,127115,44698],{"class":39},[33,127117,127118],{"class":34609},"CSV",[33,127120,86612],{"class":86611},[33,127122,122363],{"class":47},[18,127124,127126],{"id":127125},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[664,127128,127130],{"id":127129},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[23,127132,127134],{"className":25,"code":127133,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[30,127135,127136,127149],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127137,127138,127140,127142,127144,127147],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127139,126414],{"class":39},[33,127141,44],{"class":43},[33,127143,91],{"class":79},[33,127145,127146],{"class":83},"sales.csv",[33,127148,3532],{"class":79},[33,127150,127151,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127167,127169],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127152,157],{"class":156},[33,127154,133],{"class":47},[33,127156,126432],{"class":162},[33,127158,310],{"class":47},[33,127160,126437],{"class":162},[33,127162,133],{"class":47},[33,127164,80],{"class":79},[33,127166,126444],{"class":83},[33,127168,80],{"class":79},[33,127170,733],{"class":47},[14,127172,207],{},[23,127174,127175],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127176,127177],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127178,127179],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127180,4148],{"class":398},[664,127182,127184],{"id":127183},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[23,127186,127188],{"className":25,"code":127187,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[30,127189,127190,127204],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127191,127192,127195,127197,127199,127202],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127193,127194],{"class":39},"url ",[33,127196,44],{"class":43},[33,127198,91],{"class":79},[33,127200,127201],{"class":83},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[33,127203,3532],{"class":79},[33,127205,127206,127208,127210,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221,127224,127226],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127207,157],{"class":156},[33,127209,133],{"class":47},[33,127211,127212],{"class":162},"url",[33,127214,310],{"class":47},[33,127216,126437],{"class":162},[33,127218,133],{"class":47},[33,127220,80],{"class":79},[33,127222,127223],{"class":83},"\u002F",[33,127225,80],{"class":79},[33,127227,733],{"class":47},[14,127229,207],{},[23,127231,127232],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127233,127234],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127235,127236],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127237,4148],{"class":398},[664,127239,127241],{"id":127240},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[23,127243,127245],{"className":25,"code":127244,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[30,127246,127247,127260],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127248,127249,127251,127253,127255,127258],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127250,89983],{"class":39},[33,127252,44],{"class":43},[33,127254,91],{"class":79},[33,127256,127257],{"class":83},"Hello!",[33,127259,3532],{"class":79},[33,127261,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127263,157],{"class":156},[33,127265,133],{"class":47},[33,127267,90000],{"class":162},[33,127269,310],{"class":47},[33,127271,126437],{"class":162},[33,127273,133],{"class":47},[33,127275,80],{"class":79},[33,127277,89824],{"class":83},[33,127279,80],{"class":79},[33,127281,733],{"class":47},[14,127283,207],{},[23,127285,127286],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127287,127288],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127289,127290],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127291,4148],{"class":398},[664,127293,127295],{"id":127294},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[23,127297,127299],{"className":25,"code":127298,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[30,127300,127301,127314],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127302,127303,127305,127307,127309,127312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127304,126414],{"class":39},[33,127306,44],{"class":43},[33,127308,91],{"class":79},[33,127310,127311],{"class":83},"photo.jpg",[33,127313,3532],{"class":79},[33,127315,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127344,127346,127348,127350],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127317,157],{"class":156},[33,127319,133],{"class":47},[33,127321,126432],{"class":162},[33,127323,310],{"class":47},[33,127325,126437],{"class":162},[33,127327,1010],{"class":47},[33,127329,80],{"class":79},[33,127331,126822],{"class":83},[33,127333,80],{"class":79},[33,127335,55],{"class":47},[33,127337,91],{"class":79},[33,127339,126769],{"class":83},[33,127341,80],{"class":79},[33,127343,55],{"class":47},[33,127345,91],{"class":79},[33,127347,126839],{"class":83},[33,127349,80],{"class":79},[33,127351,1890],{"class":47},[14,127353,207],{},[23,127355,127356],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127357,127358],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127359,127360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127361,4148],{"class":398},[14,127363,127364,127365,310],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[273,127366,127367],{"href":123586},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[18,127369,123978],{"id":123977},[14,127371,127372,123789],{},[30,127373,126389],{},[14,127375,127376,127377,2030,127380,127383],{},"That means ",[30,127378,127379],{},"\".CSV\"",[30,127381,127382],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[23,127385,127387],{"className":25,"code":127386,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[30,127388,127389,127402,127406,127428],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127390,127391,127393,127395,127397,127400],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127392,126414],{"class":39},[33,127394,44],{"class":43},[33,127396,91],{"class":79},[33,127398,127399],{"class":83},"REPORT.CSV",[33,127401,3532],{"class":79},[33,127403,127404],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127405,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,127407,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,127409,157],{"class":156},[33,127411,133],{"class":47},[33,127413,126432],{"class":162},[33,127415,310],{"class":47},[33,127417,126437],{"class":162},[33,127419,133],{"class":47},[33,127421,80],{"class":79},[33,127423,126444],{"class":83},[33,127425,80],{"class":79},[33,127427,733],{"class":47},[33,127429,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127447,127449],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,127431,157],{"class":156},[33,127433,133],{"class":47},[33,127435,126432],{"class":162},[33,127437,310],{"class":47},[33,127439,126437],{"class":162},[33,127441,133],{"class":47},[33,127443,80],{"class":79},[33,127445,127446],{"class":83},".CSV",[33,127448,80],{"class":79},[33,127450,733],{"class":47},[14,127452,207],{},[23,127454,127456],{"className":25,"code":127455,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"False\nTrue\n",[30,127457,127458,127462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127459,127460],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127461,4209],{"class":398},[33,127463,127464],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127465,4148],{"class":398},[14,127467,127468,127469,310],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[273,127470,127471],{"href":124058},[30,127472,124061],{},[23,127474,127476],{"className":25,"code":127475,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[30,127477,127478,127490],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127479,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127481,126414],{"class":39},[33,127483,44],{"class":43},[33,127485,91],{"class":79},[33,127487,127399],{"class":83},[33,127489,3532],{"class":79},[33,127491,127492,127494,127496,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127493,157],{"class":156},[33,127495,133],{"class":47},[33,127497,126432],{"class":162},[33,127499,310],{"class":47},[33,127501,8796],{"class":162},[33,127503,8793],{"class":47},[33,127505,126437],{"class":162},[33,127507,133],{"class":47},[33,127509,80],{"class":79},[33,127511,126444],{"class":83},[33,127513,80],{"class":79},[33,127515,733],{"class":47},[14,127517,207],{},[23,127519,127520],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127521,127522],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127523,127524],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127525,4148],{"class":398},[18,127527,127529],{"id":127528},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127531,127532],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[23,127534,127536],{"className":25,"code":127535,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[30,127537,127538,127551],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127539,127540,127542,127544,127546,127549],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127541,126414],{"class":39},[33,127543,44],{"class":43},[33,127545,91],{"class":79},[33,127547,127548],{"class":83},"picture.gif",[33,127550,3532],{"class":79},[33,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127587],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127554,157],{"class":156},[33,127556,133],{"class":47},[33,127558,126432],{"class":162},[33,127560,310],{"class":47},[33,127562,126437],{"class":162},[33,127564,1010],{"class":47},[33,127566,80],{"class":79},[33,127568,126822],{"class":83},[33,127570,80],{"class":79},[33,127572,55],{"class":47},[33,127574,91],{"class":79},[33,127576,126769],{"class":83},[33,127578,80],{"class":79},[33,127580,55],{"class":47},[33,127582,91],{"class":79},[33,127584,126839],{"class":83},[33,127586,80],{"class":79},[33,127588,1890],{"class":47},[14,127590,207],{},[23,127592,127593],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127594,127595],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127596,127597],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127598,4148],{"class":398},[14,127600,127601],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127603,52232],{},[23,127605,127607],{"className":25,"code":127606,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[30,127608,127609,127622,127657,127661],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127610,127611,127614,127616,127618,127620],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127612,127613],{"class":39},"document ",[33,127615,44],{"class":43},[33,127617,91],{"class":79},[33,127619,86871],{"class":83},[33,127621,3532],{"class":79},[33,127623,127624,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127644,127646,127648,127650,127653,127655],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127625,127626],{"class":39},"allowed ",[33,127628,44],{"class":43},[33,127630,1381],{"class":47},[33,127632,80],{"class":79},[33,127634,126467],{"class":83},[33,127636,80],{"class":79},[33,127638,55],{"class":47},[33,127640,91],{"class":79},[33,127642,127643],{"class":83},".md",[33,127645,80],{"class":79},[33,127647,55],{"class":47},[33,127649,91],{"class":79},[33,127651,127652],{"class":83},".docx",[33,127654,80],{"class":79},[33,127656,143],{"class":47},[33,127658,127659],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,127660,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,127662,127663,127665,127667,127670,127672,127674,127676,127679],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,127664,157],{"class":156},[33,127666,133],{"class":47},[33,127668,127669],{"class":162},"document",[33,127671,310],{"class":47},[33,127673,126437],{"class":162},[33,127675,133],{"class":47},[33,127677,127678],{"class":162},"allowed",[33,127680,733],{"class":47},[14,127682,207],{},[23,127684,127685],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127686,127687],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127688,127689],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127690,4148],{"class":398},[14,127692,127693,127694,310],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[273,127695,126331,127697,887],{"href":127696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[30,127698,127699],{},"startswith()",[18,127701,3006],{"id":3005},[14,127703,8603,127704,310],{},[30,127705,126389],{},[664,127707,127709],{"id":127708},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127711,4691],{},[23,127713,127715],{"className":25,"code":127714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[30,127716,127717,127729],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127720,126414],{"class":39},[33,127722,44],{"class":43},[33,127724,91],{"class":79},[33,127726,127311],{"class":83},[33,127728,3532],{"class":79},[33,127730,127731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127732,127733],{"class":1308},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127735,127736],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[23,127738,127740],{"className":25,"code":127739,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[30,127741,127742,127754],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127743,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127745,126414],{"class":39},[33,127747,44],{"class":43},[33,127749,91],{"class":79},[33,127751,127311],{"class":83},[33,127753,3532],{"class":79},[33,127755,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127757,157],{"class":156},[33,127759,133],{"class":47},[33,127761,126432],{"class":162},[33,127763,310],{"class":47},[33,127765,126437],{"class":162},[33,127767,1010],{"class":47},[33,127769,80],{"class":79},[33,127771,126822],{"class":83},[33,127773,80],{"class":79},[33,127775,55],{"class":47},[33,127777,91],{"class":79},[33,127779,126769],{"class":83},[33,127781,80],{"class":79},[33,127783,1890],{"class":47},[664,127785,127787],{"id":127786},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[23,127789,127791],{"className":25,"code":127790,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[30,127792,127793,127805],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127794,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127796,126414],{"class":39},[33,127798,44],{"class":43},[33,127800,91],{"class":79},[33,127802,127399],{"class":83},[33,127804,3532],{"class":79},[33,127806,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127808,157],{"class":156},[33,127810,133],{"class":47},[33,127812,126432],{"class":162},[33,127814,310],{"class":47},[33,127816,126437],{"class":162},[33,127818,133],{"class":47},[33,127820,80],{"class":79},[33,127822,126444],{"class":83},[33,127824,80],{"class":79},[33,127826,733],{"class":47},[14,127828,207],{},[23,127830,127831],{"className":25,"code":4209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127832,127833],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127834,127835],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127836,4209],{"class":398},[14,127838,39416],{},[23,127840,127841],{"className":25,"code":127475,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127842,127843,127855],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127844,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127846,126414],{"class":39},[33,127848,44],{"class":43},[33,127850,91],{"class":79},[33,127852,127399],{"class":83},[33,127854,3532],{"class":79},[33,127856,127857,127859,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127858,157],{"class":156},[33,127860,133],{"class":47},[33,127862,126432],{"class":162},[33,127864,310],{"class":47},[33,127866,8796],{"class":162},[33,127868,8793],{"class":47},[33,127870,126437],{"class":162},[33,127872,133],{"class":47},[33,127874,80],{"class":79},[33,127876,126444],{"class":83},[33,127878,80],{"class":79},[33,127880,733],{"class":47},[664,127882,37358,127884,8860,127886],{"id":127883},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[30,127885,126389],{},[30,127887,4053],{},[14,127889,127890,127892],{},[30,127891,126389],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[23,127894,127896],{"className":25,"code":127895,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[30,127897,127898,127911,127915,127937],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127899,127900,127902,127904,127906,127909],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127901,34843],{"class":39},[33,127903,44],{"class":43},[33,127905,91],{"class":79},[33,127907,127908],{"class":83},"my_report.csv.backup",[33,127910,3532],{"class":79},[33,127912,127913],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127914,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,127916,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,127918,157],{"class":156},[33,127920,133],{"class":47},[33,127922,34864],{"class":162},[33,127924,310],{"class":47},[33,127926,126437],{"class":162},[33,127928,133],{"class":47},[33,127930,80],{"class":79},[33,127932,126444],{"class":83},[33,127934,80],{"class":79},[33,127936,733],{"class":47},[33,127938,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,127940,157],{"class":156},[33,127942,133],{"class":47},[33,127944,80],{"class":79},[33,127946,126444],{"class":83},[33,127948,80],{"class":79},[33,127950,21327],{"class":4046},[33,127952,42995],{"class":162},[33,127954,143],{"class":47},[14,127956,207],{},[23,127958,127959],{"className":25,"code":127455,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,127960,127961,127965],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127962,127963],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127964,4209],{"class":398},[33,127966,127967],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,127968,4148],{"class":398},[664,127970,1487,127972,127974],{"id":127971},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[30,127973,126389],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127976,127977,127979],{},[30,127978,126389],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[23,127981,127983],{"className":25,"code":127982,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[30,127984,127985,127997,128019],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,127986,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,127988,126414],{"class":39},[33,127990,44],{"class":43},[33,127992,91],{"class":79},[33,127994,126421],{"class":83},[33,127996,3532],{"class":79},[33,127998,127999,128001,128003,128005,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128000,157],{"class":156},[33,128002,133],{"class":47},[33,128004,126432],{"class":162},[33,128006,310],{"class":47},[33,128008,126437],{"class":162},[33,128010,133],{"class":47},[33,128012,80],{"class":79},[33,128014,126444],{"class":83},[33,128016,80],{"class":79},[33,128018,733],{"class":47},[33,128020,128021,128023,128025,128027],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128022,157],{"class":156},[33,128024,133],{"class":47},[33,128026,126432],{"class":162},[33,128028,143],{"class":47},[14,128030,207],{},[23,128032,128034],{"className":25,"code":128033,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nreport.csv\n",[30,128035,128036,128040],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128037,128038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128039,4148],{"class":398},[33,128041,128042,128045,128047],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128043,128044],{"class":39},"report",[33,128046,310],{"class":47},[33,128048,128049],{"class":24904},"csv\n",[14,128051,128052,128053,310],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[273,128054,128055],{"href":124499},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128057,66039],{},[316,128059,128060,128063,128066,128069],{},[319,128061,128062],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[319,128064,128065],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[319,128067,128068],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[319,128070,1357,128071,44783,128073,453,128075,111528],{},[30,128072,126389],{},[30,128074,124502],{},[30,128076,41806],{},[14,128078,30289],{},[23,128080,128082],{"className":25,"code":128081,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[30,128083,128084,128094,128108,128130,128156],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128085,128086,128088,128090,128092],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128087,157],{"class":156},[33,128089,133],{"class":47},[33,128091,34864],{"class":162},[33,128093,143],{"class":47},[33,128095,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128097,157],{"class":156},[33,128099,133],{"class":47},[33,128101,41932],{"class":156},[33,128103,133],{"class":47},[33,128105,34864],{"class":162},[33,128107,733],{"class":47},[33,128109,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128111,157],{"class":156},[33,128113,133],{"class":47},[33,128115,34864],{"class":162},[33,128117,310],{"class":47},[33,128119,126437],{"class":162},[33,128121,133],{"class":47},[33,128123,236],{"class":79},[33,128125,126444],{"class":83},[33,128127,236],{"class":79},[33,128129,733],{"class":47},[33,128131,128132,128134,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128133,157],{"class":156},[33,128135,133],{"class":47},[33,128137,34864],{"class":162},[33,128139,310],{"class":47},[33,128141,8796],{"class":162},[33,128143,8793],{"class":47},[33,128145,126437],{"class":162},[33,128147,133],{"class":47},[33,128149,236],{"class":79},[33,128151,126444],{"class":83},[33,128153,236],{"class":79},[33,128155,733],{"class":47},[33,128157,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128159,157],{"class":156},[33,128161,133],{"class":47},[33,128163,1406],{"class":129},[33,128165,133],{"class":47},[33,128167,34864],{"class":162},[33,128169,733],{"class":47},[18,128171,1961],{"id":1960},[664,128173,12857,128175,128177],{"id":128174},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[30,128176,126389],{}," change the string?",[14,128179,128180,128181,453,128183,310],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[30,128182,3777],{},[30,128184,3844],{},[664,128186,5334,128188,128190],{"id":128187},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[30,128189,126389],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128192,128193,128194,310],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[30,128195,128196],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[664,128198,15057,128200,124667],{"id":128199},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[30,128201,126389],{},[14,128203,128204,128205,453,128207,128210],{},"Yes. Use ",[30,128206,124061],{},[30,128208,128209],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[664,128212,2027,128214,2030,128216,2033],{"id":128213},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[30,128215,126389],{},[30,128217,124326],{},[14,128219,128220,128222,128223,128225],{},[30,128221,126389],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[30,128224,124326],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[18,128227,2045],{"id":2044},[316,128229,128230,128236,128242,128246,128250],{},[319,128231,128232],{},[273,128233,126331,128234,887],{"href":127696},[30,128235,127699],{},[319,128237,128238],{},[273,128239,126331,128240,887],{"href":124058},[30,128241,124061],{},[319,128243,128244],{},[273,128245,124730],{"href":123586},[319,128247,128248],{},[273,128249,124737],{"href":124499},[319,128251,128252],{},[273,128253,125086],{"href":51129},[2097,128255,128256],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":128258},[128259,128260,128262,128263,128268,128269,128275,128276,128277,128285,128295],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":126497,"depth":69,"text":128261},"What endswith() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":126712,"depth":69,"text":126713,"children":128264},[128265,128266,128267],{"id":126626,"depth":110,"text":126626},{"id":36228,"depth":110,"text":36228},{"id":52812,"depth":110,"text":52812},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":127125,"depth":69,"text":127126,"children":128270},[128271,128272,128273,128274],{"id":127129,"depth":110,"text":127130},{"id":127183,"depth":110,"text":127184},{"id":127240,"depth":110,"text":127241},{"id":127294,"depth":110,"text":127295},{"id":123977,"depth":69,"text":123978},{"id":127528,"depth":69,"text":127529},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":128278},[128279,128280,128281,128283],{"id":127708,"depth":110,"text":127709},{"id":127786,"depth":110,"text":127787},{"id":127883,"depth":110,"text":128282},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127971,"depth":110,"text":128284},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":128286},[128287,128289,128291,128293],{"id":128174,"depth":110,"text":128288},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128187,"depth":110,"text":128290},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128199,"depth":110,"text":128292},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128213,"depth":110,"text":128294},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126381,"description":128296},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128303,"title":128304,"body":128305,"description":129973,"extension":2138,"meta":129974,"navigation":149,"path":129975,"seo":129976,"stem":129977,"__hash__":129978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128306,"toc":129946},[128307,128312,128317,128322,128327,128420,128430,128435,128440,128455,128457,128539,128547,128549,128551,128578,128580,128596,128603,128605,128713,128715,128720,128736,128738,128833,128841,128844,128850,128855,128860,128867,129006,129009,129022,129024,129028,129035,129105,129108,129157,129164,129171,129185,129190,129195,129241,129287,129303,129305,129310,129324,129327,129449,129454,129456,129461,129494,129497,129573,129575,129584,129598,129601,129685,129688,129799,129802,129830,129832,129839,129843,129849,129852,129858,129861,129868,129879,129885,129892,129894,129943],[10,128308,123331,128310,2059],{"id":128309},"python-string-find-method",[30,128311,124326],{},[14,128313,123336,128314,128316],{},[30,128315,124326],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128318,128319,128320,310],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[30,128321,65830],{},[14,128323,672,128324,128326],{},[30,128325,124326],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[23,128328,128330],{"className":25,"code":128329,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[30,128331,128332,128344,128367,128380,128384,128407],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128333,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128335,34843],{"class":39},[33,128337,44],{"class":43},[33,128339,91],{"class":79},[33,128341,1517],{"class":83},[33,128343,3532],{"class":79},[33,128345,128346,128348,128350,128352,128354,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128347,64895],{"class":39},[33,128349,44],{"class":43},[33,128351,42995],{"class":39},[33,128353,310],{"class":47},[33,128355,128356],{"class":162},"find",[33,128358,133],{"class":47},[33,128360,80],{"class":79},[33,128362,1708],{"class":83},[33,128364,80],{"class":79},[33,128366,143],{"class":47},[33,128368,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128370,157],{"class":156},[33,128372,133],{"class":47},[33,128374,64922],{"class":162},[33,128376,3831],{"class":47},[33,128378,128379],{"class":1308},"   # 6\n",[33,128381,128382],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128383,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,128385,128386,128389,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128387,128388],{"class":39},"missing ",[33,128390,44],{"class":43},[33,128392,42995],{"class":39},[33,128394,310],{"class":47},[33,128396,128356],{"class":162},[33,128398,133],{"class":47},[33,128400,80],{"class":79},[33,128402,27],{"class":83},[33,128404,80],{"class":79},[33,128406,143],{"class":47},[33,128408,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,128410,157],{"class":156},[33,128412,133],{"class":47},[33,128414,26925],{"class":162},[33,128416,3831],{"class":47},[33,128418,128419],{"class":1308},"    # -1\n",[43733,128421,128422],{},[14,128423,672,128424,128426,128427,128429],{},[30,128425,124326],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[30,128428,65830],{}," if the substring is not found.",[18,128431,3848,128433,3851],{"id":128432},"what-find-does",[30,128434,124326],{},[14,128436,128437,128439],{},[30,128438,124326],{}," is a string method that:",[316,128441,128442,128445,128448,128453],{},[319,128443,128444],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[319,128446,128447],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[319,128449,11575,128450,128452],{},[30,128451,65830],{}," if no match is found",[319,128454,126517],{},[14,128456,367],{},[23,128458,128460],{"className":25,"code":128459,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[30,128461,128462,128474,128478,128502,128526],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128463,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128465,34843],{"class":39},[33,128467,44],{"class":43},[33,128469,91],{"class":79},[33,128471,4255],{"class":83},[33,128473,3532],{"class":79},[33,128475,128476],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128477,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,128479,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128481,157],{"class":156},[33,128483,133],{"class":47},[33,128485,34864],{"class":162},[33,128487,310],{"class":47},[33,128489,128356],{"class":162},[33,128491,133],{"class":47},[33,128493,80],{"class":79},[33,128495,123424],{"class":83},[33,128497,80],{"class":79},[33,128499,5522],{"class":47},[33,128501,57789],{"class":1308},[33,128503,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128505,157],{"class":156},[33,128507,133],{"class":47},[33,128509,34864],{"class":162},[33,128511,310],{"class":47},[33,128513,128356],{"class":162},[33,128515,133],{"class":47},[33,128517,80],{"class":79},[33,128519,2351],{"class":83},[33,128521,80],{"class":79},[33,128523,5522],{"class":47},[33,128525,128419],{"class":1308},[33,128527,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128529,157],{"class":156},[33,128531,133],{"class":47},[33,128533,34864],{"class":162},[33,128535,3831],{"class":47},[33,128537,128538],{"class":1308},"              # banana\n",[14,128540,20924,128541,128544,128545,310],{},[30,128542,128543],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[30,128546,2234],{},[18,128548,2334],{"id":2333},[14,128550,2337],{},[23,128552,128554],{"className":25,"code":128553,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[30,128555,128556],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128557,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128559,61149],{"class":39},[33,128561,310],{"class":47},[33,128563,128356],{"class":162},[33,128565,133],{"class":47},[33,128567,2647],{"class":162},[33,128569,55],{"class":47},[33,128571,36207],{"class":162},[33,128573,55],{"class":47},[33,128575,65016],{"class":162},[33,128577,143],{"class":47},[664,128579,17547],{"id":17546},[316,128581,128582,128586,128591],{},[319,128583,128584,123523],{},[30,128585,2647],{},[319,128587,128588,128590],{},[30,128589,36228],{},": optional starting position",[319,128592,128593,128595],{},[30,128594,52812],{},": optional ending position",[14,128597,128598,2030,128600,128602],{},[30,128599,36228],{},[30,128601,52812],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128604,126660],{},[23,128606,128608],{"className":25,"code":128607,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[30,128609,128610,128622,128626,128651,128680],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128613,34843],{"class":39},[33,128615,44],{"class":43},[33,128617,91],{"class":79},[33,128619,1517],{"class":83},[33,128621,3532],{"class":79},[33,128623,128624],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128625,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,128627,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128629,157],{"class":156},[33,128631,133],{"class":47},[33,128633,34864],{"class":162},[33,128635,310],{"class":47},[33,128637,128356],{"class":162},[33,128639,133],{"class":47},[33,128641,80],{"class":79},[33,128643,1585],{"class":83},[33,128645,80],{"class":79},[33,128647,5522],{"class":47},[33,128649,128650],{"class":1308},"        # 4\n",[33,128652,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128654,157],{"class":156},[33,128656,133],{"class":47},[33,128658,34864],{"class":162},[33,128660,310],{"class":47},[33,128662,128356],{"class":162},[33,128664,133],{"class":47},[33,128666,80],{"class":79},[33,128668,1585],{"class":83},[33,128670,80],{"class":79},[33,128672,55],{"class":47},[33,128674,4770],{"class":51},[33,128676,5522],{"class":47},[33,128678,128679],{"class":1308},"     # 7\n",[33,128681,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128683,157],{"class":156},[33,128685,133],{"class":47},[33,128687,34864],{"class":162},[33,128689,310],{"class":47},[33,128691,128356],{"class":162},[33,128693,133],{"class":47},[33,128695,80],{"class":79},[33,128697,1585],{"class":83},[33,128699,80],{"class":79},[33,128701,55],{"class":47},[33,128703,4770],{"class":51},[33,128705,55],{"class":47},[33,128707,6153],{"class":51},[33,128709,5522],{"class":47},[33,128711,128712],{"class":1308},"  # -1\n",[18,128714,38175],{"id":38174},[14,128716,57688,128717,128719],{},[30,128718,124326],{}," is always an integer.",[316,128721,128722,128728,128731],{},[319,128723,128724,128725,128727],{},"A number ",[30,128726,1114],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[319,128729,128730],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[319,128732,128733,128735],{},[30,128734,65830],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128737,367],{},[23,128739,128741],{"className":25,"code":128740,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[30,128742,128743,128755,128759,128784,128809],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128744,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128746,34843],{"class":39},[33,128748,44],{"class":43},[33,128750,91],{"class":79},[33,128752,27],{"class":83},[33,128754,3532],{"class":79},[33,128756,128757],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128758,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,128760,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128778,128780,128782],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128762,157],{"class":156},[33,128764,133],{"class":47},[33,128766,34864],{"class":162},[33,128768,310],{"class":47},[33,128770,128356],{"class":162},[33,128772,133],{"class":47},[33,128774,80],{"class":79},[33,128776,128777],{"class":83},"py",[33,128779,80],{"class":79},[33,128781,5522],{"class":47},[33,128783,20921],{"class":1308},[33,128785,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128803,128805,128807],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128787,157],{"class":156},[33,128789,133],{"class":47},[33,128791,34864],{"class":162},[33,128793,310],{"class":47},[33,128795,128356],{"class":162},[33,128797,133],{"class":47},[33,128799,80],{"class":79},[33,128801,128802],{"class":83},"th",[33,128804,80],{"class":79},[33,128806,5522],{"class":47},[33,128808,57789],{"class":1308},[33,128810,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128812,157],{"class":156},[33,128814,133],{"class":47},[33,128816,34864],{"class":162},[33,128818,310],{"class":47},[33,128820,128356],{"class":162},[33,128822,133],{"class":47},[33,128824,80],{"class":79},[33,128826,22231],{"class":83},[33,128828,80],{"class":79},[33,128830,5522],{"class":47},[33,128832,128419],{"class":1308},[14,128834,89886,128835,8611,128837,453,128839,310],{},[30,128836,124326],{},[30,128838,3777],{},[30,128840,3844],{},[14,128842,128843],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[18,128845,1357,128846,2030,128848],{"id":65382},[30,128847,36228],{},[30,128849,52812],{},[14,128851,672,128852,128854],{},[30,128853,36228],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128856,672,128857,128859],{},[30,128858,52812],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128861,2155,128862,75438,128864,128866],{},[30,128863,52812],{},[205,128865,65045],{}," in the search.",[23,128868,128870],{"className":25,"code":128869,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[30,128871,128872,128885,128889,128913,128942,128974],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,128873,128874,128876,128878,128880,128883],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,128875,34843],{"class":39},[33,128877,44],{"class":43},[33,128879,91],{"class":79},[33,128881,128882],{"class":83},"one two three two",[33,128884,3532],{"class":79},[33,128886,128887],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,128888,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,128890,128891,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,128892,157],{"class":156},[33,128894,133],{"class":47},[33,128896,34864],{"class":162},[33,128898,310],{"class":47},[33,128900,128356],{"class":162},[33,128902,133],{"class":47},[33,128904,80],{"class":79},[33,128906,79247],{"class":83},[33,128908,80],{"class":79},[33,128910,5522],{"class":47},[33,128912,128650],{"class":1308},[33,128914,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,128916,157],{"class":156},[33,128918,133],{"class":47},[33,128920,34864],{"class":162},[33,128922,310],{"class":47},[33,128924,128356],{"class":162},[33,128926,133],{"class":47},[33,128928,80],{"class":79},[33,128930,79247],{"class":83},[33,128932,80],{"class":79},[33,128934,55],{"class":47},[33,128936,4770],{"class":51},[33,128938,5522],{"class":47},[33,128940,128941],{"class":1308},"     # 14\n",[33,128943,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,128945,157],{"class":156},[33,128947,133],{"class":47},[33,128949,34864],{"class":162},[33,128951,310],{"class":47},[33,128953,128356],{"class":162},[33,128955,133],{"class":47},[33,128957,80],{"class":79},[33,128959,79247],{"class":83},[33,128961,80],{"class":79},[33,128963,55],{"class":47},[33,128965,4004],{"class":51},[33,128967,55],{"class":47},[33,128969,6153],{"class":51},[33,128971,5522],{"class":47},[33,128973,51089],{"class":1308},[33,128975,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000,129002,129004],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,128977,157],{"class":156},[33,128979,133],{"class":47},[33,128981,34864],{"class":162},[33,128983,310],{"class":47},[33,128985,128356],{"class":162},[33,128987,133],{"class":47},[33,128989,80],{"class":79},[33,128991,79247],{"class":83},[33,128993,80],{"class":79},[33,128995,55],{"class":47},[33,128997,4004],{"class":51},[33,128999,55],{"class":47},[33,129001,1132],{"class":51},[33,129003,5522],{"class":47},[33,129005,128712],{"class":1308},[14,129007,129008],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129010,129011,129012,55216,129016,310],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[273,129013,129015],{"href":129014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[273,129017,129019,129021],{"href":129018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[30,129020,1644],{}," string method",[18,129023,123978],{"id":123977},[14,129025,129026,123789],{},[30,129027,124326],{},[14,129029,127376,129030,2030,129032,129034],{},[30,129031,90394],{},[30,129033,64510],{}," are treated as different text.",[23,129036,129038],{"className":25,"code":129037,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[30,129039,129040,129053,129057,129081],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129041,129042,129044,129046,129048,129051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129043,34843],{"class":39},[33,129045,44],{"class":43},[33,129047,91],{"class":79},[33,129049,129050],{"class":83},"Hello World",[33,129052,3532],{"class":79},[33,129054,129055],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129056,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129060,157],{"class":156},[33,129062,133],{"class":47},[33,129064,34864],{"class":162},[33,129066,310],{"class":47},[33,129068,128356],{"class":162},[33,129070,133],{"class":47},[33,129072,80],{"class":79},[33,129074,35023],{"class":83},[33,129076,80],{"class":79},[33,129078,5522],{"class":47},[33,129080,51400],{"class":1308},[33,129082,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,129084,157],{"class":156},[33,129086,133],{"class":47},[33,129088,34864],{"class":162},[33,129090,310],{"class":47},[33,129092,128356],{"class":162},[33,129094,133],{"class":47},[33,129096,80],{"class":79},[33,129098,545],{"class":83},[33,129100,80],{"class":79},[33,129102,5522],{"class":47},[33,129104,128712],{"class":1308},[14,129106,129107],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[23,129109,129111],{"className":25,"code":129110,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[30,129112,129113,129125,129129],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129114,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129116,34843],{"class":39},[33,129118,44],{"class":43},[33,129120,91],{"class":79},[33,129122,129050],{"class":83},[33,129124,3532],{"class":79},[33,129126,129127],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129128,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129130,129131,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149,129151,129153,129155],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129132,157],{"class":156},[33,129134,133],{"class":47},[33,129136,34864],{"class":162},[33,129138,310],{"class":47},[33,129140,8796],{"class":162},[33,129142,8793],{"class":47},[33,129144,128356],{"class":162},[33,129146,133],{"class":47},[33,129148,80],{"class":79},[33,129150,545],{"class":83},[33,129152,80],{"class":79},[33,129154,5522],{"class":47},[33,129156,51400],{"class":1308},[18,129158,129160,10739,129162],{"id":129159},"find-vs-index",[30,129161,124326],{},[30,129163,59111],{},[14,129165,129166,2030,129168,129170],{},[30,129167,124326],{},[30,129169,59111],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[316,129172,129173,129179],{},[319,129174,129175,2572,129177],{},[30,129176,124326],{},[30,129178,65830],{},[319,129180,129181,52647,129183],{},[30,129182,59111],{},[30,129184,40857],{},[14,129186,672,129187,129189],{},[30,129188,124326],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129191,672,129192,129194],{},[30,129193,59111],{}," when the value must exist.",[23,129196,129198],{"className":25,"code":129197,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[30,129199,129200,129212,129216],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129201,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129203,34843],{"class":39},[33,129205,44],{"class":43},[33,129207,91],{"class":79},[33,129209,545],{"class":83},[33,129211,3532],{"class":79},[33,129213,129214],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129215,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129217,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129219,157],{"class":156},[33,129221,133],{"class":47},[33,129223,34864],{"class":162},[33,129225,310],{"class":47},[33,129227,128356],{"class":162},[33,129229,133],{"class":47},[33,129231,80],{"class":79},[33,129233,2351],{"class":83},[33,129235,80],{"class":79},[33,129237,5522],{"class":47},[33,129239,129240],{"class":1308},"   # -1\n",[23,129242,129244],{"className":25,"code":129243,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[30,129245,129246,129258,129262],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129247,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129249,34843],{"class":39},[33,129251,44],{"class":43},[33,129253,91],{"class":79},[33,129255,545],{"class":83},[33,129257,3532],{"class":79},[33,129259,129260],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129261,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129263,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129265,157],{"class":156},[33,129267,133],{"class":47},[33,129269,34864],{"class":162},[33,129271,310],{"class":47},[33,129273,36003],{"class":162},[33,129275,133],{"class":47},[33,129277,80],{"class":79},[33,129279,2351],{"class":83},[33,129281,80],{"class":79},[33,129283,5522],{"class":47},[33,129285,129286],{"class":1308},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129288,129289,129290,129294,129295,129297,129298,310],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[273,129291,129292,129021],{"href":124351},[30,129293,59111],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[30,129296,59111],{},", read ",[273,129299,25833,129300],{"href":73458},[30,129301,129302],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[18,129304,41199],{"id":41198},[14,129306,35562,129307,129309],{},[30,129308,124326],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[316,129311,129312,129315,129318,129321],{},[319,129313,129314],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[319,129316,129317],{},"Get the position of a word",[319,129319,129320],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[319,129322,129323],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129325,129326],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[23,129328,129330],{"className":25,"code":129329,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[30,129331,129332,129345,129368,129372,129387,129403,129422,129436],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129333,129334,129336,129338,129340,129343],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129335,34843],{"class":39},[33,129337,44],{"class":43},[33,129339,91],{"class":79},[33,129341,129342],{"class":83},"name:Alice",[33,129344,3532],{"class":79},[33,129346,129347,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129348,129349],{"class":39},"colon_pos ",[33,129351,44],{"class":43},[33,129353,42995],{"class":39},[33,129355,310],{"class":47},[33,129357,128356],{"class":162},[33,129359,133],{"class":47},[33,129361,80],{"class":79},[33,129363,3061],{"class":83},[33,129365,80],{"class":79},[33,129367,143],{"class":47},[33,129369,129370],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129371,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129373,129374,129376,129379,129381,129383,129385],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,129375,7156],{"class":4046},[33,129377,129378],{"class":39}," colon_pos ",[33,129380,72568],{"class":43},[33,129382,2399],{"class":43},[33,129384,52],{"class":51},[33,129386,6553],{"class":47},[33,129388,129389,129392,129394,129396,129398,129401],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,129390,129391],{"class":39},"    label ",[33,129393,44],{"class":43},[33,129395,42995],{"class":39},[33,129397,75511],{"class":47},[33,129399,129400],{"class":39},"colon_pos",[33,129402,66],{"class":47},[33,129404,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,129406,27553],{"class":39},[33,129408,44],{"class":43},[33,129410,42995],{"class":39},[33,129412,217],{"class":47},[33,129414,129349],{"class":39},[33,129416,2237],{"class":43},[33,129418,1119],{"class":51},[33,129420,129421],{"class":47},":]\n",[33,129423,129424,129426,129428,129431,129433],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,129425,8227],{"class":156},[33,129427,133],{"class":47},[33,129429,129430],{"class":162},"label",[33,129432,3831],{"class":47},[33,129434,129435],{"class":1308},"  # name\n",[33,129437,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,129439,8227],{"class":156},[33,129441,133],{"class":47},[33,129443,2647],{"class":162},[33,129445,3831],{"class":47},[33,129447,129448],{"class":1308},"  # Alice\n",[14,129450,129451,129452,310],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[273,129453,127367],{"href":123586},[18,129455,3006],{"id":3005},[14,129457,129458,129459,3061],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[30,129460,124326],{},[316,129462,129463,129472,129478,129483,129489],{},[319,129464,1487,129465,8611,129467,453,129469,129471],{},[30,129466,124326],{},[30,129468,3777],{},[30,129470,3844],{}," instead of an index",[319,129473,129474,129475,129477],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[30,129476,65830],{}," when the substring is missing",[319,129479,1357,129480,129482],{},[30,129481,124326],{}," without handling case differences",[319,129484,37358,129485,8860,129487],{},[30,129486,124326],{},[30,129488,59111],{},[319,129490,4744,129491,129493],{},[30,129492,124326],{}," changes the string",[14,129495,129496],{},"Example of a mistake:",[23,129498,129500],{"className":25,"code":129499,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[30,129501,129502,129514,129518,129538,129553,129559],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129503,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129505,34843],{"class":39},[33,129507,44],{"class":43},[33,129509,91],{"class":79},[33,129511,545],{"class":83},[33,129513,3532],{"class":79},[33,129515,129516],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129517,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129519,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129521,7156],{"class":4046},[33,129523,42995],{"class":39},[33,129525,310],{"class":47},[33,129527,128356],{"class":162},[33,129529,133],{"class":47},[33,129531,80],{"class":79},[33,129533,1550],{"class":83},[33,129535,80],{"class":79},[33,129537,8498],{"class":47},[33,129539,129540,129542,129544,129546,129549,129551],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,129541,8227],{"class":156},[33,129543,133],{"class":47},[33,129545,80],{"class":79},[33,129547,129548],{"class":83},"Found",[33,129550,80],{"class":79},[33,129552,143],{"class":47},[33,129554,129555,129557],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,129556,27586],{"class":4046},[33,129558,6553],{"class":47},[33,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,129562,8227],{"class":156},[33,129564,133],{"class":47},[33,129566,80],{"class":79},[33,129568,26467],{"class":83},[33,129570,80],{"class":79},[33,129572,143],{"class":47},[14,129574,99892],{},[23,129576,129578],{"className":25,"code":129577,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Not found\n",[30,129579,129580],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129581,129582],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129583,129577],{"class":39},[14,129585,45857,129586,129589,129590,1938,129592,129594,129595,129597],{},[30,129587,129588],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[30,129591,1114],{},[30,129593,1114],{}," is treated as false in an ",[30,129596,7156],{}," statement.",[14,129599,129600],{},"A safer version is:",[23,129602,129604],{"className":25,"code":129603,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[30,129605,129606,129618,129622,129651,129665,129671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129607,129608,129610,129612,129614,129616],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129609,34843],{"class":39},[33,129611,44],{"class":43},[33,129613,91],{"class":79},[33,129615,545],{"class":83},[33,129617,3532],{"class":79},[33,129619,129620],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129621,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,129623,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642,129645,129647,129649],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129625,7156],{"class":4046},[33,129627,42995],{"class":39},[33,129629,310],{"class":47},[33,129631,128356],{"class":162},[33,129633,133],{"class":47},[33,129635,80],{"class":79},[33,129637,1550],{"class":83},[33,129639,80],{"class":79},[33,129641,3831],{"class":47},[33,129643,129644],{"class":43}," !=",[33,129646,2399],{"class":43},[33,129648,52],{"class":51},[33,129650,6553],{"class":47},[33,129652,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,129654,8227],{"class":156},[33,129656,133],{"class":47},[33,129658,80],{"class":79},[33,129660,129548],{"class":83},[33,129662,80],{"class":79},[33,129664,143],{"class":47},[33,129666,129667,129669],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,129668,27586],{"class":4046},[33,129670,6553],{"class":47},[33,129672,129673,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,129674,8227],{"class":156},[33,129676,133],{"class":47},[33,129678,80],{"class":79},[33,129680,26467],{"class":83},[33,129682,80],{"class":79},[33,129684,143],{"class":47},[14,129686,129687],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[23,129689,129691],{"className":25,"code":129690,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[30,129692,129693,129715,129729,129755,129769],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,129694,129695,129697,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711,129713],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,129696,157],{"class":156},[33,129698,133],{"class":47},[33,129700,34864],{"class":162},[33,129702,310],{"class":47},[33,129704,128356],{"class":162},[33,129706,133],{"class":47},[33,129708,236],{"class":79},[33,129710,38545],{"class":83},[33,129712,236],{"class":79},[33,129714,733],{"class":47},[33,129716,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,129718,157],{"class":156},[33,129720,133],{"class":47},[33,129722,41932],{"class":156},[33,129724,133],{"class":47},[33,129726,34864],{"class":162},[33,129728,733],{"class":47},[33,129730,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,129732,157],{"class":156},[33,129734,133],{"class":47},[33,129736,34864],{"class":162},[33,129738,310],{"class":47},[33,129740,8796],{"class":162},[33,129742,8793],{"class":47},[33,129744,128356],{"class":162},[33,129746,133],{"class":47},[33,129748,236],{"class":79},[33,129750,38545],{"class":83},[33,129752,236],{"class":79},[33,129754,733],{"class":47},[33,129756,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,129758,157],{"class":156},[33,129760,133],{"class":47},[33,129762,726],{"class":156},[33,129764,133],{"class":47},[33,129766,34864],{"class":162},[33,129768,733],{"class":47},[33,129770,129771,129773,129775,129777,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795,129797],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,129772,157],{"class":156},[33,129774,133],{"class":47},[33,129776,34864],{"class":162},[33,129778,310],{"class":47},[33,129780,128356],{"class":162},[33,129782,133],{"class":47},[33,129784,236],{"class":79},[33,129786,38545],{"class":83},[33,129788,236],{"class":79},[33,129790,55],{"class":47},[33,129792,36207],{"class":162},[33,129794,55],{"class":47},[33,129796,65016],{"class":162},[33,129798,733],{"class":47},[14,129800,129801],{},"These help you check:",[316,129803,129804,129809,129814,129819,129822],{},[319,129805,129806,129807],{},"The actual result from ",[30,129808,124326],{},[319,129810,129811,129812],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[30,129813,122545],{},[319,129815,129816,129817],{},"Case differences with ",[30,129818,124061],{},[319,129820,129821],{},"The string length",[319,129823,129824,129825,2030,129827,129829],{},"Whether your ",[30,129826,36228],{},[30,129828,52812],{}," values are correct",[18,129831,1961],{"id":1960},[664,129833,129835,129836,129838],{"id":129834},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[30,129837,124326],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129840,5312,129841,310],{},[30,129842,65830],{},[664,129844,12857,129846,129848],{"id":129845},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[30,129847,124326],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129850,129851],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[664,129853,129855,129856,124667],{"id":129854},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[30,129857,124326],{},[14,129859,129860],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[664,129862,2027,129864,2030,129866,69631],{"id":129863},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[30,129865,124326],{},[30,129867,59111],{},[14,129869,129870,2572,129872,129874,129875,52647,129877,310],{},[30,129871,124326],{},[30,129873,65830],{}," if not found, while ",[30,129876,59111],{},[30,129878,40857],{},[664,129880,28481,129882,129884],{"id":129881},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[30,129883,124326],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129886,129887,129888,2030,129890,66129],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[30,129889,36228],{},[30,129891,52812],{},[18,129893,2045],{"id":2044},[316,129895,129896,129902,129908,129915,129921,129928,129932,129937],{},[319,129897,129898],{},[273,129899,126331,129900,887],{"href":124351},[30,129901,59111],{},[319,129903,129904],{},[273,129905,126331,129906,887],{"href":129018},[30,129907,1644],{},[319,129909,129910],{},[273,129911,126331,129913,887],{"href":129912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[30,129914,124502],{},[319,129916,129917],{},[273,129918,126331,129919,887],{"href":127696},[30,129920,127699],{},[319,129922,129923],{},[273,129924,126331,129926,887],{"href":129925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[30,129927,126389],{},[319,129929,129930],{},[273,129931,124730],{"href":123586},[319,129933,129934],{},[273,129935,129936],{"href":129014},"How to split a string in Python",[319,129938,129939],{},[273,129940,26274,129941],{"href":73458},[30,129942,129302],{},[2097,129944,129945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":129947},[129948,129950,129953,129954,129955,129956,129958,129959,129960,129972],{"id":128432,"depth":69,"text":129949},"What find() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":129951},[129952],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":38174,"depth":69,"text":38175},{"id":65382,"depth":69,"text":66165},{"id":123977,"depth":69,"text":123978},{"id":129159,"depth":69,"text":129957},"find() vs index()",{"id":41198,"depth":69,"text":41199},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":129961},[129962,129964,129966,129968,129970],{"id":129834,"depth":110,"text":129963},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129845,"depth":110,"text":129965},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129854,"depth":110,"text":129967},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129863,"depth":110,"text":129969},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129881,"depth":110,"text":129971},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128304,"description":129973},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129980,"title":129981,"body":129982,"description":131908,"extension":2138,"meta":131909,"navigation":149,"path":131910,"seo":131911,"stem":131912,"__hash__":131913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129983,"toc":131876},[129984,129989,129994,129997,129999,130075,130079,130107,130115,130119,130124,130128,130145,130147,130214,130218,130240,130248,130250,130253,130277,130280,130294,130296,130381,130385,130397,130400,130404,130410,130460,130464,130481,130490,130493,130501,130504,130553,130557,130582,130585,130640,130644,130656,130662,130666,130672,130677,130744,130748,130774,130777,130788,130790,130857,130861,130886,130893,130897,130902,130909,130917,130919,130971,130975,130993,130995,131040,131044,131059,131062,131072,131079,131081,131085,131088,131099,131101,131161,131165,131193,131196,131202,131207,131210,131214,131258,131261,131299,131302,131310,131312,131317,131321,131324,131372,131375,131378,131434,131438,131443,131446,131495,131497,131546,131552,131557,131559,131606,131610,131623,131625,131676,131682,131685,131689,131692,131698,131703,131705,131708,131780,131783,131800,131802,131807,131810,131814,131820,131826,131833,131839,131845,131847,131873],[10,129985,123331,129987,2059],{"id":129986},"python-string-format-method",[30,129988,126334],{},[14,129990,123336,129991,129993],{},[30,129992,126334],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129995,129996],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[18,129998,2180],{"id":2179},[23,130000,130002],{"className":25,"code":130001,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[30,130003,130004,130016,130024,130028,130065],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130005,130006,130008,130010,130012,130014],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130007,8034],{"class":39},[33,130009,44],{"class":43},[33,130011,91],{"class":79},[33,130013,11661],{"class":83},[33,130015,3532],{"class":79},[33,130017,130018,130020,130022],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130019,21782],{"class":39},[33,130021,44],{"class":43},[33,130023,88775],{"class":51},[33,130025,130026],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,130027,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,130029,130030,130032,130034,130036,130039,130041,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,130031,89983],{"class":39},[33,130033,44],{"class":43},[33,130035,91],{"class":79},[33,130037,130038],{"class":83},"My name is ",[33,130040,3963],{"class":51},[33,130042,130043],{"class":83}," and I am ",[33,130045,3963],{"class":51},[33,130047,122327],{"class":83},[33,130049,80],{"class":79},[33,130051,310],{"class":47},[33,130053,130054],{"class":162},"format",[33,130056,133],{"class":47},[33,130058,7827],{"class":162},[33,130060,55],{"class":47},[33,130062,9344],{"class":162},[33,130064,143],{"class":47},[33,130066,130067,130069,130071,130073],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,130068,157],{"class":156},[33,130070,133],{"class":47},[33,130072,90000],{"class":162},[33,130074,143],{"class":47},[14,130076,130077],{},[205,130078,207],{},[23,130080,130082],{"className":25,"code":130081,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[30,130083,130084],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130085,130086,130089,130091,130094,130097,130100,130103,130105],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130087,130088],{"class":39},"My name ",[33,130090,12346],{"class":43},[33,130092,130093],{"class":39}," Maya ",[33,130095,130096],{"class":43},"and",[33,130098,130099],{"class":39}," I am ",[33,130101,130102],{"class":51},"12",[33,130104,122360],{"class":39},[33,130106,122363],{"class":47},[14,130108,672,130109,130111,130112,130114],{},[30,130110,3963],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[30,130113,126334],{}," in the same order.",[14,130116,125083,130117,310],{},[273,130118,125086],{"href":51129},[18,130120,13149,130122,13152],{"id":130121},"what-the-format-method-does",[30,130123,126334],{},[14,130125,2155,130126,11564],{},[30,130127,126334],{},[316,130129,130130,130133,130139,130142],{},[319,130131,130132],{},"inserts values into a string",[319,130134,130135,130136,130138],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[30,130137,3963],{}," with given values",[319,130140,130141],{},"returns a new string",[319,130143,130144],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130146,367],{},[23,130148,130150],{"className":25,"code":130149,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[30,130151,130152,130166,130189,130193,130204],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130153,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130155,34843],{"class":39},[33,130157,44],{"class":43},[33,130159,91],{"class":79},[33,130161,45055],{"class":83},[33,130163,3963],{"class":51},[33,130165,3532],{"class":79},[33,130167,130168,130171,130173,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185,130187],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130169,130170],{"class":39},"new_text ",[33,130172,44],{"class":43},[33,130174,42995],{"class":39},[33,130176,310],{"class":47},[33,130178,130054],{"class":162},[33,130180,133],{"class":47},[33,130182,80],{"class":79},[33,130184,7836],{"class":83},[33,130186,80],{"class":79},[33,130188,143],{"class":47},[33,130190,130191],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,130192,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,130194,130195,130197,130199,130202],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,130196,157],{"class":156},[33,130198,133],{"class":47},[33,130200,130201],{"class":162},"new_text",[33,130203,143],{"class":47},[33,130205,130206,130208,130210,130212],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,130207,157],{"class":156},[33,130209,133],{"class":47},[33,130211,34864],{"class":162},[33,130213,143],{"class":47},[14,130215,130216],{},[205,130217,207],{},[23,130219,130221],{"className":25,"code":130220,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[30,130222,130223,130232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130224,130225,130227,130229],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130226,35023],{"class":39},[33,130228,55],{"class":47},[33,130230,130231],{"class":39}," Sam\n",[33,130233,130234,130236,130238],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130235,35023],{"class":39},[33,130237,55],{"class":47},[33,130239,9991],{"class":47},[14,130241,2462,130242,130244,130245,130247],{},[30,130243,34864],{}," stays the same. ",[30,130246,126334],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[18,130249,2334],{"id":2333},[14,130251,130252],{},"The general form is:",[23,130254,130256],{"className":25,"code":130255,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[30,130257,130258],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130259,130260,130262,130265,130267,130269,130271,130273,130275],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130261,80],{"class":43481},[33,130263,130264],{"class":43485},"text {}",[33,130266,80],{"class":43481},[33,130268,310],{"class":47},[33,130270,130054],{"class":162},[33,130272,133],{"class":47},[33,130274,2647],{"class":162},[33,130276,143],{"class":47},[14,130278,130279],{},"Key idea:",[316,130281,130282,130288,130291],{},[319,130283,130284,130285,130287],{},"each ",[30,130286,3963],{}," is a placeholder",[319,130289,130290],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[319,130292,130293],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130295,367],{},[23,130297,130299],{"className":25,"code":130298,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[30,130300,130301,130314,130328,130332,130370],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130302,130303,130306,130308,130310,130312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130304,130305],{"class":39},"animal ",[33,130307,44],{"class":43},[33,130309,91],{"class":79},[33,130311,37201],{"class":83},[33,130313,3532],{"class":79},[33,130315,130316,130319,130321,130323,130326],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130317,130318],{"class":39},"sound ",[33,130320,44],{"class":43},[33,130322,91],{"class":79},[33,130324,130325],{"class":83},"meow",[33,130327,3532],{"class":79},[33,130329,130330],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,130331,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,130333,130334,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130363,130365,130368],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,130335,130336],{"class":39},"sentence ",[33,130338,44],{"class":43},[33,130340,91],{"class":79},[33,130342,2155],{"class":83},[33,130344,3963],{"class":51},[33,130346,130347],{"class":83}," says ",[33,130349,3963],{"class":51},[33,130351,310],{"class":83},[33,130353,80],{"class":79},[33,130355,310],{"class":47},[33,130357,130054],{"class":162},[33,130359,133],{"class":47},[33,130361,130362],{"class":162},"animal",[33,130364,55],{"class":47},[33,130366,130367],{"class":162}," sound",[33,130369,143],{"class":47},[33,130371,130372,130374,130376,130379],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,130373,157],{"class":156},[33,130375,133],{"class":47},[33,130377,130378],{"class":162},"sentence",[33,130380,143],{"class":47},[14,130382,130383],{},[205,130384,207],{},[23,130386,130388],{"className":25,"code":130387,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The cat says meow.\n",[30,130389,130390],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130391,130392,130395],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130393,130394],{"class":39},"The cat says meow",[33,130396,122363],{"class":47},[14,130398,130399],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[18,130401,130403],{"id":130402},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130405,130406,130407,130409],{},"You can use empty braces ",[30,130408,3963],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[23,130411,130413],{"className":25,"code":130412,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[30,130414,130415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130416,130417,130419,130421,130423,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130444,130447,130449,130451,130453,130456,130458],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130418,157],{"class":156},[33,130420,133],{"class":47},[33,130422,80],{"class":79},[33,130424,130425],{"class":83},"I like ",[33,130427,3963],{"class":51},[33,130429,2030],{"class":83},[33,130431,3963],{"class":51},[33,130433,310],{"class":83},[33,130435,80],{"class":79},[33,130437,310],{"class":47},[33,130439,130054],{"class":162},[33,130441,133],{"class":47},[33,130443,80],{"class":79},[33,130445,130446],{"class":83},"pizza",[33,130448,80],{"class":79},[33,130450,55],{"class":47},[33,130452,91],{"class":79},[33,130454,130455],{"class":83},"pasta",[33,130457,80],{"class":79},[33,130459,733],{"class":47},[14,130461,130462],{},[205,130463,207],{},[23,130465,130467],{"className":25,"code":130466,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[30,130468,130469],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130470,130471,130474,130476,130479],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130472,130473],{"class":39},"I like pizza ",[33,130475,130096],{"class":43},[33,130477,130478],{"class":39}," pasta",[33,130480,122363],{"class":47},[14,130482,130483,130484,2030,130487,310],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[30,130485,130486],{},"{0}",[30,130488,130489],{},"{1}",[14,130491,130492],{},"This is helpful when:",[316,130494,130495,130498],{},[319,130496,130497],{},"you want to reuse a value",[319,130499,130500],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130502,130503],{},"Example with reused values:",[23,130505,130507],{"className":25,"code":130506,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,130508,130509,130543],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130510,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130522,130524,130527,130529,130531,130533,130535,130537,130539,130541],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130512,34843],{"class":39},[33,130514,44],{"class":43},[33,130516,91],{"class":79},[33,130518,130486],{"class":51},[33,130520,130521],{"class":83}," is learning Python. ",[33,130523,130486],{"class":51},[33,130525,130526],{"class":83}," likes coding.",[33,130528,80],{"class":79},[33,130530,310],{"class":47},[33,130532,130054],{"class":162},[33,130534,133],{"class":47},[33,130536,80],{"class":79},[33,130538,20035],{"class":83},[33,130540,80],{"class":79},[33,130542,143],{"class":47},[33,130544,130545,130547,130549,130551],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130546,157],{"class":156},[33,130548,133],{"class":47},[33,130550,34864],{"class":162},[33,130552,143],{"class":47},[14,130554,130555],{},[205,130556,207],{},[23,130558,130560],{"className":25,"code":130559,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[30,130561,130562],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130563,130564,130567,130569,130572,130574,130577,130580],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130565,130566],{"class":39},"Lina ",[33,130568,12346],{"class":43},[33,130570,130571],{"class":39}," learning Python",[33,130573,310],{"class":47},[33,130575,130576],{"class":24904}," Lina",[33,130578,130579],{"class":39}," likes coding",[33,130581,122363],{"class":47},[14,130583,130584],{},"Example with changed order:",[23,130586,130588],{"className":25,"code":130587,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,130589,130590,130630],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130591,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130628],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130593,34843],{"class":39},[33,130595,44],{"class":43},[33,130597,91],{"class":79},[33,130599,130489],{"class":51},[33,130601,83302],{"class":83},[33,130603,130486],{"class":51},[33,130605,310],{"class":83},[33,130607,80],{"class":79},[33,130609,310],{"class":47},[33,130611,130054],{"class":162},[33,130613,133],{"class":47},[33,130615,80],{"class":79},[33,130617,6743],{"class":83},[33,130619,80],{"class":79},[33,130621,55],{"class":47},[33,130623,91],{"class":79},[33,130625,79247],{"class":83},[33,130627,80],{"class":79},[33,130629,143],{"class":47},[33,130631,130632,130634,130636,130638],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130633,157],{"class":156},[33,130635,133],{"class":47},[33,130637,34864],{"class":162},[33,130639,143],{"class":47},[14,130641,130642],{},[205,130643,207],{},[23,130645,130647],{"className":25,"code":130646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"two comes after one.\n",[30,130648,130649],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130650,130651,130654],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130652,130653],{"class":39},"two comes after one",[33,130655,122363],{"class":47},[14,130657,130658,130659,130661],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[30,130660,3963],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[18,130663,130665],{"id":130664},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130667,130668,130669,310],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[30,130670,130671],{},"{name}",[14,130673,130674,130675,3061],{},"You pass matching names into ",[30,130676,126334],{},[23,130678,130680],{"className":25,"code":130679,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,130681,130682,130734],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130683,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130697,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130685,34843],{"class":39},[33,130687,44],{"class":43},[33,130689,91],{"class":79},[33,130691,130038],{"class":83},[33,130693,130671],{"class":51},[33,130695,130696],{"class":83}," and I live in ",[33,130698,130699],{"class":51},"{city}",[33,130701,310],{"class":83},[33,130703,80],{"class":79},[33,130705,310],{"class":47},[33,130707,130054],{"class":162},[33,130709,133],{"class":47},[33,130711,7827],{"class":9331},[33,130713,44],{"class":43},[33,130715,80],{"class":79},[33,130717,84],{"class":83},[33,130719,80],{"class":79},[33,130721,55],{"class":47},[33,130723,31539],{"class":9331},[33,130725,44],{"class":43},[33,130727,80],{"class":79},[33,130729,16183],{"class":83},[33,130731,80],{"class":79},[33,130733,143],{"class":47},[33,130735,130736,130738,130740,130742],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130737,157],{"class":156},[33,130739,133],{"class":47},[33,130741,34864],{"class":162},[33,130743,143],{"class":47},[14,130745,130746],{},[205,130747,207],{},[23,130749,130751],{"className":25,"code":130750,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[30,130752,130753],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130754,130755,130757,130759,130762,130764,130767,130769,130772],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130756,130088],{"class":39},[33,130758,12346],{"class":43},[33,130760,130761],{"class":39}," Ana ",[33,130763,130096],{"class":43},[33,130765,130766],{"class":39}," I live ",[33,130768,4053],{"class":43},[33,130770,130771],{"class":39}," Lima",[33,130773,122363],{"class":47},[14,130775,130776],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[316,130778,130779,130782,130785],{},[319,130780,130781],{},"they make code easier to read",[319,130783,130784],{},"they help when a string has many values",[319,130786,130787],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130789,367],{},[23,130791,130793],{"className":25,"code":130792,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[30,130794,130795,130847],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130796,130797,130800,130802,130804,130807,130810,130813,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130833,130835,130837,130840,130842,130845],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130798,130799],{"class":39},"report ",[33,130801,44],{"class":43},[33,130803,91],{"class":79},[33,130805,130806],{"class":83},"Student: ",[33,130808,130809],{"class":51},"{student}",[33,130811,130812],{"class":83},", Score: ",[33,130814,130815],{"class":51},"{score}",[33,130817,80],{"class":79},[33,130819,310],{"class":47},[33,130821,130054],{"class":162},[33,130823,133],{"class":47},[33,130825,13779],{"class":9331},[33,130827,44],{"class":43},[33,130829,80],{"class":79},[33,130831,130832],{"class":83},"Noah",[33,130834,80],{"class":79},[33,130836,55],{"class":47},[33,130838,130839],{"class":9331}," score",[33,130841,44],{"class":43},[33,130843,130844],{"class":51},"95",[33,130846,143],{"class":47},[33,130848,130849,130851,130853,130855],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130850,157],{"class":156},[33,130852,133],{"class":47},[33,130854,128044],{"class":162},[33,130856,143],{"class":47},[14,130858,130859],{},[205,130860,207],{},[23,130862,130864],{"className":25,"code":130863,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[30,130865,130866],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130867,130868,130871,130873,130876,130878,130881,130883],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130869,130870],{"class":39},"Student",[33,130872,3061],{"class":47},[33,130874,130875],{"class":39}," Noah",[33,130877,55],{"class":47},[33,130879,130880],{"class":39}," Score",[33,130882,3061],{"class":47},[33,130884,130885],{"class":51}," 95\n",[14,130887,130888,130889,310],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[273,130890,2076,130891,3683],{"href":42328},[30,130892,47837],{},[18,130894,130896],{"id":130895},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130898,130899,130901],{},[30,130900,126334],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130903,130904,130905,130908],{},"A common example is ",[30,130906,130907],{},":.2f",", which means:",[316,130910,130911,130914],{},[319,130912,130913],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[319,130915,130916],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130918,367],{},[23,130920,130922],{"className":25,"code":130921,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[30,130923,130924,130932,130961],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130925,130926,130928,130930],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130927,40542],{"class":39},[33,130929,44],{"class":43},[33,130931,49429],{"class":51},[33,130933,130934,130936,130938,130940,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,130935,34843],{"class":39},[33,130937,44],{"class":43},[33,130939,91],{"class":79},[33,130941,130942],{"class":83},"Price: $",[33,130944,9432],{"class":51},[33,130946,130907],{"class":1430},[33,130948,22457],{"class":51},[33,130950,80],{"class":79},[33,130952,310],{"class":47},[33,130954,130054],{"class":162},[33,130956,133],{"class":47},[33,130958,25303],{"class":162},[33,130960,143],{"class":47},[33,130962,130963,130965,130967,130969],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,130964,157],{"class":156},[33,130966,133],{"class":47},[33,130968,34864],{"class":162},[33,130970,143],{"class":47},[14,130972,130973],{},[205,130974,207],{},[23,130976,130978],{"className":25,"code":130977,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Price: $3.50\n",[30,130979,130980],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,130981,130982,130985,130987,130990],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,130983,130984],{"class":39},"Price",[33,130986,3061],{"class":47},[33,130988,130989],{"class":37521}," $",[33,130991,130992],{"class":51},"3.50\n",[14,130994,52232],{},[23,130996,130998],{"className":25,"code":130997,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[30,130999,131000,131010],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131001,131002,131005,131007],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131003,131004],{"class":39},"average ",[33,131006,44],{"class":43},[33,131008,131009],{"class":51}," 91.236\n",[33,131011,131012,131014,131016,131018,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131038],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131013,157],{"class":156},[33,131015,133],{"class":47},[33,131017,80],{"class":79},[33,131019,131020],{"class":83},"Average: ",[33,131022,9432],{"class":51},[33,131024,130907],{"class":1430},[33,131026,22457],{"class":51},[33,131028,80],{"class":79},[33,131030,310],{"class":47},[33,131032,130054],{"class":162},[33,131034,133],{"class":47},[33,131036,131037],{"class":162},"average",[33,131039,733],{"class":47},[14,131041,131042],{},[205,131043,207],{},[23,131045,131047],{"className":25,"code":131046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Average: 91.24\n",[30,131048,131049],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131050,131051,131054,131056],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131052,131053],{"class":39},"Average",[33,131055,3061],{"class":47},[33,131057,131058],{"class":51}," 91.24\n",[14,131060,131061],{},"This is useful for:",[316,131063,131064,131066,131069],{},[319,131065,83060],{},[319,131067,131068],{},"averages",[319,131070,131071],{},"percentages",[14,131073,131074,131075,310],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[273,131076,2076,131077,333],{"href":46603},[30,131078,46606],{},[18,131080,17571],{"id":17570},[14,131082,131083,92497],{},[30,131084,126334],{},[14,131086,131087],{},"That means you can:",[316,131089,131090,131093,131096],{},[319,131091,131092],{},"save it in a variable",[319,131094,131095],{},"print it directly",[319,131097,131098],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131100,367],{},[23,131102,131104],{"className":25,"code":131103,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[30,131105,131106,131137,131147],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131107,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131133,131135],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131109,89983],{"class":39},[33,131111,44],{"class":43},[33,131113,91],{"class":79},[33,131115,45055],{"class":83},[33,131117,3963],{"class":51},[33,131119,89824],{"class":83},[33,131121,80],{"class":79},[33,131123,310],{"class":47},[33,131125,130054],{"class":162},[33,131127,133],{"class":47},[33,131129,80],{"class":79},[33,131131,131132],{"class":83},"Chris",[33,131134,80],{"class":79},[33,131136,143],{"class":47},[33,131138,131139,131141,131143,131145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131140,157],{"class":156},[33,131142,133],{"class":47},[33,131144,90000],{"class":162},[33,131146,143],{"class":47},[33,131148,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,131150,157],{"class":156},[33,131152,133],{"class":47},[33,131154,1406],{"class":129},[33,131156,133],{"class":47},[33,131158,90000],{"class":162},[33,131160,733],{"class":47},[14,131162,131163],{},[205,131164,207],{},[23,131166,131168],{"className":25,"code":131167,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[30,131169,131170,131179],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131171,131172,131174,131176],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131173,35023],{"class":39},[33,131175,55],{"class":47},[33,131177,131178],{"class":39}," Chris!\n",[33,131180,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131182,1427],{"class":43},[33,131184,1431],{"class":1430},[33,131186,245],{"class":79},[33,131188,3617],{"class":83},[33,131190,236],{"class":79},[33,131192,1441],{"class":43},[14,131194,131195],{},"The original string is not changed.",[18,131197,131199,131201],{"id":131198},"format-vs-f-strings",[30,131200,126334],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131203,131204,131206],{},[30,131205,126334],{}," is a string method.",[14,131208,131209],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131211,46194,131212,3061],{},[30,131213,126334],{},[23,131215,131217],{"className":25,"code":131216,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[30,131218,131219,131232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131220,131221,131223,131225,131227,131230],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131222,8034],{"class":39},[33,131224,44],{"class":43},[33,131226,91],{"class":79},[33,131228,131229],{"class":83},"Rita",[33,131231,3532],{"class":79},[33,131233,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131235,157],{"class":156},[33,131237,133],{"class":47},[33,131239,80],{"class":79},[33,131241,45055],{"class":83},[33,131243,3963],{"class":51},[33,131245,89824],{"class":83},[33,131247,80],{"class":79},[33,131249,310],{"class":47},[33,131251,130054],{"class":162},[33,131253,133],{"class":47},[33,131255,7827],{"class":162},[33,131257,733],{"class":47},[14,131259,131260],{},"Example with an f-string:",[23,131262,131264],{"className":25,"code":131263,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[30,131265,131266,131278],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131267,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131269,8034],{"class":39},[33,131271,44],{"class":43},[33,131273,91],{"class":79},[33,131275,131229],{"class":83},[33,131277,3532],{"class":79},[33,131279,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294,131297],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131281,157],{"class":156},[33,131283,133],{"class":47},[33,131285,22448],{"class":1430},[33,131287,43499],{"class":83},[33,131289,9432],{"class":51},[33,131291,7827],{"class":162},[33,131293,22457],{"class":51},[33,131295,131296],{"class":83},"!\"",[33,131298,143],{"class":47},[14,131300,131301],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131303,131304,131305,131307,131308,310],{},"This page focuses on how ",[30,131306,126334],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[273,131309,89669],{"href":89668},[18,131311,3006],{"id":3005},[14,131313,131314,131315,310],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[30,131316,126334],{},[664,131318,131320],{"id":131319},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131322,131323],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[23,131325,131327],{"className":25,"code":131326,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131328,131329,131362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131330,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131332,34843],{"class":39},[33,131334,44],{"class":43},[33,131336,91],{"class":79},[33,131338,45055],{"class":83},[33,131340,3963],{"class":51},[33,131342,131343],{"class":51}," {}",[33,131345,89824],{"class":83},[33,131347,80],{"class":79},[33,131349,310],{"class":47},[33,131351,130054],{"class":162},[33,131353,133],{"class":47},[33,131355,80],{"class":79},[33,131357,7836],{"class":83},[33,131359,80],{"class":79},[33,131361,143],{"class":47},[33,131363,131364,131366,131368,131370],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131365,157],{"class":156},[33,131367,133],{"class":47},[33,131369,34864],{"class":162},[33,131371,143],{"class":47},[14,131373,131374],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131376,131377],{},"Fixed version:",[23,131379,131381],{"className":25,"code":131380,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131382,131383,131424],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131384,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131420,131422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131386,34843],{"class":39},[33,131388,44],{"class":43},[33,131390,91],{"class":79},[33,131392,45055],{"class":83},[33,131394,3963],{"class":51},[33,131396,131343],{"class":51},[33,131398,89824],{"class":83},[33,131400,80],{"class":79},[33,131402,310],{"class":47},[33,131404,130054],{"class":162},[33,131406,133],{"class":47},[33,131408,80],{"class":79},[33,131410,7836],{"class":83},[33,131412,80],{"class":79},[33,131414,55],{"class":47},[33,131416,91],{"class":79},[33,131418,131419],{"class":83},"Lee",[33,131421,80],{"class":79},[33,131423,143],{"class":47},[33,131425,131426,131428,131430,131432],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131427,157],{"class":156},[33,131429,133],{"class":47},[33,131431,34864],{"class":162},[33,131433,143],{"class":47},[664,131435,131437],{"id":131436},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131439,131440,131441,310],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[30,131442,126334],{},[14,131444,131445],{},"Problem:",[23,131447,131449],{"className":25,"code":131448,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131450,131451,131485],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131452,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131454,34843],{"class":39},[33,131456,44],{"class":43},[33,131458,91],{"class":79},[33,131460,45055],{"class":83},[33,131462,130671],{"class":51},[33,131464,89824],{"class":83},[33,131466,80],{"class":79},[33,131468,310],{"class":47},[33,131470,130054],{"class":162},[33,131472,133],{"class":47},[33,131474,8143],{"class":9331},[33,131476,44],{"class":43},[33,131478,80],{"class":79},[33,131480,7836],{"class":83},[33,131482,80],{"class":79},[33,131484,143],{"class":47},[33,131486,131487,131489,131491,131493],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131488,157],{"class":156},[33,131490,133],{"class":47},[33,131492,34864],{"class":162},[33,131494,143],{"class":47},[14,131496,131377],{},[23,131498,131500],{"className":25,"code":131499,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131501,131502,131536],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131503,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131505,34843],{"class":39},[33,131507,44],{"class":43},[33,131509,91],{"class":79},[33,131511,45055],{"class":83},[33,131513,130671],{"class":51},[33,131515,89824],{"class":83},[33,131517,80],{"class":79},[33,131519,310],{"class":47},[33,131521,130054],{"class":162},[33,131523,133],{"class":47},[33,131525,7827],{"class":9331},[33,131527,44],{"class":43},[33,131529,80],{"class":79},[33,131531,7836],{"class":83},[33,131533,80],{"class":79},[33,131535,143],{"class":47},[33,131537,131538,131540,131542,131544],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131539,157],{"class":156},[33,131541,133],{"class":47},[33,131543,34864],{"class":162},[33,131545,143],{"class":47},[664,131547,1487,131549,131551],{"id":131548},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[30,131550,126334],{}," to change the original string",[14,131553,131554,131556],{},[30,131555,126334],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131558,131445],{},[23,131560,131562],{"className":25,"code":131561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131563,131564,131578,131596],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131565,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131567,34843],{"class":39},[33,131569,44],{"class":43},[33,131571,91],{"class":79},[33,131573,45055],{"class":83},[33,131575,3963],{"class":51},[33,131577,3532],{"class":79},[33,131579,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131581,34864],{"class":39},[33,131583,310],{"class":47},[33,131585,130054],{"class":162},[33,131587,133],{"class":47},[33,131589,80],{"class":79},[33,131591,7836],{"class":83},[33,131593,80],{"class":79},[33,131595,143],{"class":47},[33,131597,131598,131600,131602,131604],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,131599,157],{"class":156},[33,131601,133],{"class":47},[33,131603,34864],{"class":162},[33,131605,143],{"class":47},[14,131607,131608],{},[205,131609,207],{},[23,131611,131613],{"className":25,"code":131612,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello, {}\n",[30,131614,131615],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131616,131617,131619,131621],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131618,35023],{"class":39},[33,131620,55],{"class":47},[33,131622,9991],{"class":47},[14,131624,131377],{},[23,131626,131628],{"className":25,"code":131627,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,131629,131630,131644,131666],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131631,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131633,34843],{"class":39},[33,131635,44],{"class":43},[33,131637,91],{"class":79},[33,131639,45055],{"class":83},[33,131641,3963],{"class":51},[33,131643,3532],{"class":79},[33,131645,131646,131648,131650,131652,131654,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131647,34843],{"class":39},[33,131649,44],{"class":43},[33,131651,42995],{"class":39},[33,131653,310],{"class":47},[33,131655,130054],{"class":162},[33,131657,133],{"class":47},[33,131659,80],{"class":79},[33,131661,7836],{"class":83},[33,131663,80],{"class":79},[33,131665,143],{"class":47},[33,131667,131668,131670,131672,131674],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,131669,157],{"class":156},[33,131671,133],{"class":47},[33,131673,34864],{"class":162},[33,131675,143],{"class":47},[664,131677,4870,131679,131681],{"id":131678},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[30,131680,126334],{}," returns a new string",[14,131683,131684],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[664,131686,131688],{"id":131687},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131690,131691],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131693,131694,131695,131697],{},"Use simple ",[30,131696,3963],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131699,131700,131701,310],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[273,131702,90382],{"href":90381},[18,131704,67871],{"id":67870},[14,131706,131707],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[23,131709,131711],{"className":25,"code":131710,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[30,131712,131713,131723,131737,131766],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131714,131715,131717,131719,131721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131716,157],{"class":156},[33,131718,133],{"class":47},[33,131720,34864],{"class":162},[33,131722,143],{"class":47},[33,131724,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131726,157],{"class":156},[33,131728,133],{"class":47},[33,131730,1406],{"class":129},[33,131732,133],{"class":47},[33,131734,2647],{"class":162},[33,131736,733],{"class":47},[33,131738,131739,131741,131743,131745,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,131740,157],{"class":156},[33,131742,133],{"class":47},[33,131744,80],{"class":79},[33,131746,131747],{"class":83},"Hello ",[33,131749,3963],{"class":51},[33,131751,80],{"class":79},[33,131753,310],{"class":47},[33,131755,130054],{"class":162},[33,131757,133],{"class":47},[33,131759,80],{"class":79},[33,131761,7836],{"class":83},[33,131763,80],{"class":79},[33,131765,733],{"class":47},[33,131767,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,131769,32307],{"class":156},[33,131771,133],{"class":47},[33,131773,3617],{"class":129},[33,131775,310],{"class":47},[33,131777,130054],{"class":24904},[33,131779,143],{"class":47},[14,131781,131782],{},"Use them to check:",[316,131784,131785,131788,131791,131794],{},[319,131786,131787],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[319,131789,131790],{},"what type your value has",[319,131792,131793],{},"whether a small test example works",[319,131795,131796,131797],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[30,131798,131799],{},"str.format",[18,131801,1961],{"id":1960},[664,131803,129835,131805,12869],{"id":131804},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[30,131806,126334],{},[14,131808,131809],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[664,131811,131813],{"id":131812},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131815,131816,131817,131819],{},"No. You can use plain ",[30,131818,3963],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[664,131821,131823,131824,2033],{"id":131822},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[30,131825,126334],{},[14,131827,131828,131829,131832],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[30,131830,131831],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[664,131834,15057,131836,131838],{"id":131835},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[30,131837,126334],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131840,131841,131842,131844],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[30,131843,126334],{}," is still useful and common.",[18,131846,2045],{"id":2044},[316,131848,131849,131853,131857,131863,131869],{},[319,131850,131851],{},[273,131852,125086],{"href":51129},[319,131854,131855],{},[273,131856,90659],{"href":89668},[319,131858,131859],{},[273,131860,2076,131861,3683],{"href":46603},[30,131862,46606],{},[319,131864,131865],{},[273,131866,2076,131867,3683],{"href":42328},[30,131868,47837],{},[319,131870,131871],{},[273,131872,90382],{"href":90381},[2097,131874,131875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":131877},[131878,131879,131881,131882,131883,131884,131885,131886,131888,131897,131898,131907],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":130121,"depth":69,"text":131880},"What the format() method does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":130402,"depth":69,"text":130403},{"id":130664,"depth":69,"text":130665},{"id":130895,"depth":69,"text":130896},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":131198,"depth":69,"text":131887},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":131889},[131890,131891,131892,131894,131896],{"id":131319,"depth":110,"text":131320},{"id":131436,"depth":110,"text":131437},{"id":131548,"depth":110,"text":131893},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131678,"depth":110,"text":131895},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131687,"depth":110,"text":131688},{"id":67870,"depth":69,"text":67871},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":131899},[131900,131902,131903,131905],{"id":131804,"depth":110,"text":131901},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131812,"depth":110,"text":131813},{"id":131822,"depth":110,"text":131904},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131835,"depth":110,"text":131906},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129981,"description":131908},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131915,"title":131916,"body":131917,"description":133397,"extension":2138,"meta":133398,"navigation":149,"path":133399,"seo":133400,"stem":133401,"__hash__":133402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131918,"toc":133369},[131919,131924,131929,131934,131936,131998,132005,132011,132016,132018,132034,132036,132107,132109,132123,132126,132176,132178,132180,132207,132210,132225,132228,132269,132272,132317,132324,132373,132375,132383,132385,132403,132405,132498,132506,132547,132552,132559,132565,132572,132575,132579,132680,132682,132704,132708,132761,132764,132767,132773,132780,132782,132821,132823,132841,132851,132858,132941,132944,132951,132958,132965,132969,132977,133023,133027,133036,133101,133106,133111,133122,133124,133129,133156,133158,133261,133264,133284,133286,133291,133294,133298,133302,133309,133318,133324,133327,133333,133335,133337,133366],[10,131920,123331,131922,2059],{"id":131921},"python-string-index-method",[30,131923,59111],{},[14,131925,123336,131926,131928],{},[30,131927,59111],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131930,131931,131932,310],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[30,131933,40857],{},[18,131935,2180],{"id":2179},[23,131937,131939],{"className":25,"code":131938,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[30,131940,131941,131953,131975,131985,131989,131993],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,131942,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,131944,34843],{"class":39},[33,131946,44],{"class":43},[33,131948,91],{"class":79},[33,131950,1517],{"class":83},[33,131952,3532],{"class":79},[33,131954,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,131956,64895],{"class":39},[33,131958,44],{"class":43},[33,131960,42995],{"class":39},[33,131962,310],{"class":47},[33,131964,36003],{"class":162},[33,131966,133],{"class":47},[33,131968,80],{"class":79},[33,131970,1708],{"class":83},[33,131972,80],{"class":79},[33,131974,143],{"class":47},[33,131976,131977,131979,131981,131983],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,131978,157],{"class":156},[33,131980,133],{"class":47},[33,131982,64922],{"class":162},[33,131984,143],{"class":47},[33,131986,131987],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,131988,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,131990,131991],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,131992,90800],{"class":1308},[33,131994,131995],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,131996,131997],{"class":1308},"# 6\n",[14,131999,672,132000,132002,132003,310],{},[30,132001,59111],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[30,132004,40857],{},[18,132006,3848,132008,3851],{"id":132007},"what-strindex-does",[30,132009,132010],{},"str.index()",[14,132012,132013,132015],{},[30,132014,132010],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132017,13205],{},[316,132019,132020,132023,132026,132029],{},[319,132021,132022],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[319,132024,132025],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[319,132027,132028],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[319,132030,30447,132031,132033],{},[30,132032,40857],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132035,367],{},[23,132037,132039],{"className":25,"code":132038,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[30,132040,132041,132053,132057,132082],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132042,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132044,34843],{"class":39},[33,132046,44],{"class":43},[33,132048,91],{"class":79},[33,132050,4255],{"class":83},[33,132052,3532],{"class":79},[33,132054,132055],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132056,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132058,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132060,157],{"class":156},[33,132062,133],{"class":47},[33,132064,34864],{"class":162},[33,132066,310],{"class":47},[33,132068,36003],{"class":162},[33,132070,133],{"class":47},[33,132072,80],{"class":79},[33,132074,273],{"class":83},[33,132076,80],{"class":79},[33,132078,5522],{"class":47},[33,132080,132081],{"class":1308},"     # 1\n",[33,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,132085,157],{"class":156},[33,132087,133],{"class":47},[33,132089,34864],{"class":162},[33,132091,310],{"class":47},[33,132093,36003],{"class":162},[33,132095,133],{"class":47},[33,132097,80],{"class":79},[33,132099,123424],{"class":83},[33,132101,80],{"class":79},[33,132103,5522],{"class":47},[33,132105,132106],{"class":1308},"    # 2\n",[14,132108,2356],{},[316,132110,132111,132117],{},[319,132112,132113,128544,132115],{},[30,132114,18249],{},[30,132116,52],{},[319,132118,132119,128544,132121],{},[30,132120,128543],{},[30,132122,2234],{},[14,132124,132125],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[23,132127,132129],{"className":25,"code":132128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,132130,132131,132143,132147,132171],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132134,34843],{"class":39},[33,132136,44],{"class":43},[33,132138,91],{"class":79},[33,132140,35023],{"class":83},[33,132142,3532],{"class":79},[33,132144,132145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132146,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132148,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132150,157],{"class":156},[33,132152,133],{"class":47},[33,132154,34864],{"class":162},[33,132156,310],{"class":47},[33,132158,36003],{"class":162},[33,132160,133],{"class":47},[33,132162,80],{"class":79},[33,132164,51344],{"class":83},[33,132166,80],{"class":79},[33,132168,5522],{"class":47},[33,132170,20921],{"class":1308},[33,132172,132173],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,132174,132175],{"class":1308},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,132177,2334],{"id":2333},[14,132179,2337],{},[23,132181,132183],{"className":25,"code":132182,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[30,132184,132185],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132186,132187,132189,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132188,61149],{"class":39},[33,132190,310],{"class":47},[33,132192,36003],{"class":162},[33,132194,133],{"class":47},[33,132196,2647],{"class":162},[33,132198,55],{"class":47},[33,132200,36207],{"class":162},[33,132202,55],{"class":47},[33,132204,65016],{"class":162},[33,132206,143],{"class":47},[14,132208,132209],{},"Parameters:",[316,132211,132212,132216,132220],{},[319,132213,132214,123523],{},[30,132215,2647],{},[319,132217,132218,128590],{},[30,132219,36228],{},[319,132221,132222,132224],{},[30,132223,52812],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132226,132227],{},"You can use just the value:",[23,132229,132231],{"className":25,"code":132230,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[30,132232,132233,132245],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132234,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132236,34843],{"class":39},[33,132238,44],{"class":43},[33,132240,91],{"class":79},[33,132242,27],{"class":83},[33,132244,3532],{"class":79},[33,132246,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132248,157],{"class":156},[33,132250,133],{"class":47},[33,132252,34864],{"class":162},[33,132254,310],{"class":47},[33,132256,36003],{"class":162},[33,132258,133],{"class":47},[33,132260,80],{"class":79},[33,132262,63262],{"class":83},[33,132264,80],{"class":79},[33,132266,5522],{"class":47},[33,132268,51568],{"class":1308},[14,132270,132271],{},"Or include a start position:",[23,132273,132275],{"className":25,"code":132274,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[30,132276,132277,132289],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132278,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132280,34843],{"class":39},[33,132282,44],{"class":43},[33,132284,91],{"class":79},[33,132286,4255],{"class":83},[33,132288,3532],{"class":79},[33,132290,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132292,157],{"class":156},[33,132294,133],{"class":47},[33,132296,34864],{"class":162},[33,132298,310],{"class":47},[33,132300,36003],{"class":162},[33,132302,133],{"class":47},[33,132304,80],{"class":79},[33,132306,273],{"class":83},[33,132308,80],{"class":79},[33,132310,55],{"class":47},[33,132312,58],{"class":51},[33,132314,5522],{"class":47},[33,132316,50924],{"class":1308},[14,132318,132319,132320,2030,132322,3061],{},"Or include both ",[30,132321,36228],{},[30,132323,52812],{},[23,132325,132327],{"className":25,"code":132326,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[30,132328,132329,132341],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132330,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132332,34843],{"class":39},[33,132334,44],{"class":43},[33,132336,91],{"class":79},[33,132338,4255],{"class":83},[33,132340,3532],{"class":79},[33,132342,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132344,157],{"class":156},[33,132346,133],{"class":47},[33,132348,34864],{"class":162},[33,132350,310],{"class":47},[33,132352,36003],{"class":162},[33,132354,133],{"class":47},[33,132356,80],{"class":79},[33,132358,273],{"class":83},[33,132360,80],{"class":79},[33,132362,55],{"class":47},[33,132364,58],{"class":51},[33,132366,55],{"class":47},[33,132368,4770],{"class":51},[33,132370,5522],{"class":47},[33,132372,50924],{"class":1308},[18,132374,38175],{"id":38174},[14,132376,28861,132377,132379,132380,310],{},[30,132378,59111],{}," is a ",[205,132381,132382],{},"zero-based index",[14,132384,2284],{},[316,132386,132387,132393,132398],{},[319,132388,132389,132390,132392],{},"Index ",[30,132391,1114],{}," is the first character",[319,132394,132389,132395,132397],{},[30,132396,52],{}," is the second character",[319,132399,132389,132400,132402],{},[30,132401,2234],{}," is the third character",[14,132404,367],{},[23,132406,132408],{"className":25,"code":132407,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[30,132409,132410,132422,132426,132450,132474],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132411,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132413,34843],{"class":39},[33,132415,44],{"class":43},[33,132417,91],{"class":79},[33,132419,37201],{"class":83},[33,132421,3532],{"class":79},[33,132423,132424],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132425,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132427,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132429,157],{"class":156},[33,132431,133],{"class":47},[33,132433,34864],{"class":162},[33,132435,310],{"class":47},[33,132437,36003],{"class":162},[33,132439,133],{"class":47},[33,132441,80],{"class":79},[33,132443,291],{"class":83},[33,132445,80],{"class":79},[33,132447,5522],{"class":47},[33,132449,51400],{"class":1308},[33,132451,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,132453,157],{"class":156},[33,132455,133],{"class":47},[33,132457,34864],{"class":162},[33,132459,310],{"class":47},[33,132461,36003],{"class":162},[33,132463,133],{"class":47},[33,132465,80],{"class":79},[33,132467,273],{"class":83},[33,132469,80],{"class":79},[33,132471,5522],{"class":47},[33,132473,27932],{"class":1308},[33,132475,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,132477,157],{"class":156},[33,132479,133],{"class":47},[33,132481,34864],{"class":162},[33,132483,310],{"class":47},[33,132485,36003],{"class":162},[33,132487,133],{"class":47},[33,132489,80],{"class":79},[33,132491,63262],{"class":83},[33,132493,80],{"class":79},[33,132495,5522],{"class":47},[33,132497,51568],{"class":1308},[14,132499,132500,132502,132503,132505],{},[30,132501,59111],{}," returns only the ",[205,132504,30062],{}," matching position.",[23,132507,132509],{"className":25,"code":132508,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[30,132510,132511,132523],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132512,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132514,34843],{"class":39},[33,132516,44],{"class":43},[33,132518,91],{"class":79},[33,132520,4255],{"class":83},[33,132522,3532],{"class":79},[33,132524,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132526,157],{"class":156},[33,132528,133],{"class":47},[33,132530,34864],{"class":162},[33,132532,310],{"class":47},[33,132534,36003],{"class":162},[33,132536,133],{"class":47},[33,132538,80],{"class":79},[33,132540,273],{"class":83},[33,132542,80],{"class":79},[33,132544,5522],{"class":47},[33,132546,27932],{"class":1308},[14,132548,21131,132549,132551],{},[30,132550,18249],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132553,132554,132555,310],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[273,132556,132557,887],{"href":124781},[30,132558,58733],{},[18,132560,1357,132561,2030,132563],{"id":65382},[30,132562,36228],{},[30,132564,52812],{},[14,132566,2155,132567,2030,132569,132571],{},[30,132568,36228],{},[30,132570,52812],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132573,132574],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132576,46194,132577,3061],{},[30,132578,36228],{},[23,132580,132582],{"className":25,"code":132581,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[30,132583,132584,132596,132600,132624,132652],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132585,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132587,34843],{"class":39},[33,132589,44],{"class":43},[33,132591,91],{"class":79},[33,132593,4255],{"class":83},[33,132595,3532],{"class":79},[33,132597,132598],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132599,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132601,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132603,157],{"class":156},[33,132605,133],{"class":47},[33,132607,34864],{"class":162},[33,132609,310],{"class":47},[33,132611,36003],{"class":162},[33,132613,133],{"class":47},[33,132615,80],{"class":79},[33,132617,273],{"class":83},[33,132619,80],{"class":79},[33,132621,5522],{"class":47},[33,132623,51273],{"class":1308},[33,132625,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,132627,157],{"class":156},[33,132629,133],{"class":47},[33,132631,34864],{"class":162},[33,132633,310],{"class":47},[33,132635,36003],{"class":162},[33,132637,133],{"class":47},[33,132639,80],{"class":79},[33,132641,273],{"class":83},[33,132643,80],{"class":79},[33,132645,55],{"class":47},[33,132647,58],{"class":51},[33,132649,5522],{"class":47},[33,132651,51123],{"class":1308},[33,132653,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,132655,157],{"class":156},[33,132657,133],{"class":47},[33,132659,34864],{"class":162},[33,132661,310],{"class":47},[33,132663,36003],{"class":162},[33,132665,133],{"class":47},[33,132667,80],{"class":79},[33,132669,273],{"class":83},[33,132671,80],{"class":79},[33,132673,55],{"class":47},[33,132675,1132],{"class":51},[33,132677,5522],{"class":47},[33,132679,50907],{"class":1308},[14,132681,20110],{},[316,132683,132684,132691,132697],{},[319,132685,132686,132687,65572,132689],{},"The first search finds the first ",[30,132688,18249],{},[30,132690,52],{},[319,132692,132693,132694,132696],{},"Starting at index ",[30,132695,2234],{}," skips that first match",[319,132698,132693,132699,132701,132702],{},[30,132700,2679],{}," finds the last ",[30,132703,18249],{},[14,132705,46194,132706,3061],{},[30,132707,52812],{},[23,132709,132711],{"className":25,"code":132710,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[30,132712,132713,132725,132729],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132714,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132716,34843],{"class":39},[33,132718,44],{"class":43},[33,132720,91],{"class":79},[33,132722,4255],{"class":83},[33,132724,3532],{"class":79},[33,132726,132727],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132728,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132730,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132732,157],{"class":156},[33,132734,133],{"class":47},[33,132736,34864],{"class":162},[33,132738,310],{"class":47},[33,132740,36003],{"class":162},[33,132742,133],{"class":47},[33,132744,80],{"class":79},[33,132746,76006],{"class":83},[33,132748,80],{"class":79},[33,132750,55],{"class":47},[33,132752,4004],{"class":51},[33,132754,55],{"class":47},[33,132756,1132],{"class":51},[33,132758,5522],{"class":47},[33,132760,51568],{"class":1308},[14,132762,132763],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132765,132766],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[18,132768,44366,132770,132772],{"id":132769},"when-index-causes-an-error",[30,132771,59111],{}," causes an error",[14,132774,132775,132776,52647,132778,310],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[30,132777,59111],{},[30,132779,40857],{},[14,132781,367],{},[23,132783,132785],{"className":25,"code":132784,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[30,132786,132787,132799],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132788,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132790,34843],{"class":39},[33,132792,44],{"class":43},[33,132794,91],{"class":79},[33,132796,545],{"class":83},[33,132798,3532],{"class":79},[33,132800,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817,132819],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132802,157],{"class":156},[33,132804,133],{"class":47},[33,132806,34864],{"class":162},[33,132808,310],{"class":47},[33,132810,36003],{"class":162},[33,132812,133],{"class":47},[33,132814,80],{"class":79},[33,132816,22231],{"class":83},[33,132818,80],{"class":79},[33,132820,733],{"class":47},[14,132822,207],{},[23,132824,132826],{"className":25,"code":132825,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[30,132827,132828],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132829,132830,132832,132834,132837,132839],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132831,40857],{"class":129},[33,132833,3061],{"class":47},[33,132835,132836],{"class":39}," substring ",[33,132838,4796],{"class":43},[33,132840,65805],{"class":39},[14,132842,53492,132843,126297,132848,132850],{},[273,132844,132845],{"href":129975},[30,132846,132847],{},"str.find()",[30,132849,65830],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132852,132853,132854,2030,132856,3061],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[30,132855,29957],{},[30,132857,29988],{},[23,132859,132861],{"className":25,"code":132860,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[30,132862,132863,132875,132879,132885,132908,132918,132926],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132864,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132866,34843],{"class":39},[33,132868,44],{"class":43},[33,132870,91],{"class":79},[33,132872,545],{"class":83},[33,132874,3532],{"class":79},[33,132876,132877],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132878,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,132880,132881,132883],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,132882,29957],{"class":4046},[33,132884,6553],{"class":47},[33,132886,132887,132890,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,132888,132889],{"class":39},"    position ",[33,132891,44],{"class":43},[33,132893,42995],{"class":39},[33,132895,310],{"class":47},[33,132897,36003],{"class":162},[33,132899,133],{"class":47},[33,132901,80],{"class":79},[33,132903,22231],{"class":83},[33,132905,80],{"class":79},[33,132907,143],{"class":47},[33,132909,132910,132912,132914,132916],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,132911,8227],{"class":156},[33,132913,133],{"class":47},[33,132915,64922],{"class":162},[33,132917,143],{"class":47},[33,132919,132920,132922,132924],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,132921,29988],{"class":4046},[33,132923,42079],{"class":129},[33,132925,6553],{"class":47},[33,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934,132937,132939],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,132929,8227],{"class":156},[33,132931,133],{"class":47},[33,132933,80],{"class":79},[33,132935,132936],{"class":83},"Substring not found",[33,132938,80],{"class":79},[33,132940,143],{"class":47},[14,132942,132943],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132945,42099,132946,310],{},[273,132947,25833,132949],{"href":132948},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[30,132950,129302],{},[18,132952,132954,10739,132956],{"id":132953},"index-vs-find",[30,132955,59111],{},[30,132957,124326],{},[14,132959,132960,2030,132962,132964],{},[30,132961,59111],{},[30,132963,124326],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[664,132966,132967],{"id":36003},[30,132968,59111],{},[316,132970,132971,132974],{},[319,132972,132973],{},"Returns the first match position",[319,132975,132976],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[23,132978,132980],{"className":25,"code":132979,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[30,132981,132982,132994,133018],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,132983,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,132985,34843],{"class":39},[33,132987,44],{"class":43},[33,132989,91],{"class":79},[33,132991,545],{"class":83},[33,132993,3532],{"class":79},[33,132995,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,132997,157],{"class":156},[33,132999,133],{"class":47},[33,133001,34864],{"class":162},[33,133003,310],{"class":47},[33,133005,36003],{"class":162},[33,133007,133],{"class":47},[33,133009,80],{"class":79},[33,133011,1559],{"class":83},[33,133013,80],{"class":79},[33,133015,5522],{"class":47},[33,133017,27932],{"class":1308},[33,133019,133020],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133021,133022],{"class":1308},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[664,133024,133025],{"id":128356},[30,133026,124326],{},[316,133028,133029,133031],{},[319,133030,132973],{},[319,133032,11575,133033,133035],{},[30,133034,65830],{}," if nothing is found",[23,133037,133039],{"className":25,"code":133038,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[30,133040,133041,133053,133077],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133042,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133044,34843],{"class":39},[33,133046,44],{"class":43},[33,133048,91],{"class":79},[33,133050,545],{"class":83},[33,133052,3532],{"class":79},[33,133054,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133056,157],{"class":156},[33,133058,133],{"class":47},[33,133060,34864],{"class":162},[33,133062,310],{"class":47},[33,133064,128356],{"class":162},[33,133066,133],{"class":47},[33,133068,80],{"class":79},[33,133070,1559],{"class":83},[33,133072,80],{"class":79},[33,133074,5522],{"class":47},[33,133076,27932],{"class":1308},[33,133078,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133080,157],{"class":156},[33,133082,133],{"class":47},[33,133084,34864],{"class":162},[33,133086,310],{"class":47},[33,133088,128356],{"class":162},[33,133090,133],{"class":47},[33,133092,80],{"class":79},[33,133094,22231],{"class":83},[33,133096,80],{"class":79},[33,133098,5522],{"class":47},[33,133100,128712],{"class":1308},[14,133102,672,133103,133105],{},[30,133104,59111],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133107,672,133108,133110],{},[30,133109,124326],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133112,133113,133114,453,133119,310],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[273,133115,133116,133118],{"href":129975},[30,133117,132847],{}," method reference",[273,133120,127367],{"href":133121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[18,133123,3006],{"id":3005},[14,133125,133126,133127,3061],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[30,133128,59111],{},[316,133130,133131,133134,133141,133146,133151],{},[319,133132,133133],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[319,133135,1487,133136,8611,133138,133140],{},[30,133137,59111],{},[30,133139,65830],{}," when no match exists",[319,133142,1357,133143,133145],{},[30,133144,59111],{}," on a value that may not be present",[319,133147,133148,133149],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[30,133150,52],{},[319,133152,4744,133153,133155],{},[30,133154,59111],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133157,62270],{},[23,133159,133161],{"className":25,"code":133160,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[30,133162,133163,133173,133187,133209,133231],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133164,133165,133167,133169,133171],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133166,157],{"class":156},[33,133168,133],{"class":47},[33,133170,34864],{"class":162},[33,133172,143],{"class":47},[33,133174,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133176,157],{"class":156},[33,133178,133],{"class":47},[33,133180,41932],{"class":156},[33,133182,133],{"class":47},[33,133184,34864],{"class":162},[33,133186,733],{"class":47},[33,133188,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133190,157],{"class":156},[33,133192,133],{"class":47},[33,133194,34864],{"class":162},[33,133196,310],{"class":47},[33,133198,36003],{"class":162},[33,133200,133],{"class":47},[33,133202,80],{"class":79},[33,133204,2647],{"class":83},[33,133206,80],{"class":79},[33,133208,733],{"class":47},[33,133210,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,133212,157],{"class":156},[33,133214,133],{"class":47},[33,133216,34864],{"class":162},[33,133218,310],{"class":47},[33,133220,128356],{"class":162},[33,133222,133],{"class":47},[33,133224,80],{"class":79},[33,133226,2647],{"class":83},[33,133228,80],{"class":79},[33,133230,733],{"class":47},[33,133232,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,133234,157],{"class":156},[33,133236,133],{"class":47},[33,133238,34864],{"class":162},[33,133240,310],{"class":47},[33,133242,36003],{"class":162},[33,133244,133],{"class":47},[33,133246,80],{"class":79},[33,133248,2647],{"class":83},[33,133250,80],{"class":79},[33,133252,55],{"class":47},[33,133254,36207],{"class":162},[33,133256,55],{"class":47},[33,133258,65016],{"class":162},[33,133260,733],{"class":47},[14,133262,133263],{},"Tips:",[316,133265,133266,133271,133276,133279],{},[319,133267,672,133268,133270],{},[30,133269,126253],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[319,133272,672,133273,133275],{},[30,133274,124326],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[319,133277,133278],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[319,133280,133281,133282],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[30,133283,1114],{},[18,133285,1961],{"id":1960},[664,133287,129835,133289,12869],{"id":133288},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[30,133290,59111],{},[14,133292,133293],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[664,133295,133297],{"id":133296},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133299,76834,133300,310],{},[30,133301,40857],{},[664,133303,2027,133305,2030,133307,2033],{"id":133304},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[30,133306,59111],{},[30,133308,124326],{},[14,133310,133311,133313,133314,2572,133316,6789],{},[30,133312,59111],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[30,133315,124326],{},[30,133317,65830],{},[664,133319,5334,133321,133323],{"id":133320},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[30,133322,59111],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133325,133326],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[664,133328,133330,133331,124667],{"id":133329},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[30,133332,59111],{},[14,133334,129860],{},[18,133336,2045],{"id":2044},[316,133338,133339,133345,133349,133354,133360],{},[319,133340,133341],{},[273,133342,133343,887],{"href":129975},[30,133344,132847],{},[319,133346,133347],{},[273,133348,124730],{"href":133121},[319,133350,133351],{},[273,133352,129936],{"href":133353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[319,133355,133356],{},[273,133357,133358,887],{"href":124781},[30,133359,58733],{},[319,133361,133362],{},[273,133363,30501,133364],{"href":132948},[30,133365,129302],{},[2097,133367,133368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":133370},[133371,133372,133374,133375,133376,133377,133379,133384,133385,133396],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":132007,"depth":69,"text":133373},"What str.index() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":38174,"depth":69,"text":38175},{"id":65382,"depth":69,"text":66165},{"id":132769,"depth":69,"text":133378},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132953,"depth":69,"text":133380,"children":133381},"index() vs find()",[133382,133383],{"id":36003,"depth":110,"text":59111},{"id":128356,"depth":110,"text":124326},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":133386},[133387,133389,133390,133392,133394],{"id":133288,"depth":110,"text":133388},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133296,"depth":110,"text":133297},{"id":133304,"depth":110,"text":133391},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133320,"depth":110,"text":133393},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133329,"depth":110,"text":133395},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131916,"description":133397},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133404,"title":133405,"body":133406,"description":136181,"extension":2138,"meta":136182,"navigation":149,"path":136183,"seo":136184,"stem":136185,"__hash__":136186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133407,"toc":136117},[133408,133414,133419,133422,133425,133436,133438,133507,133509,133523,133528,133533,133538,133540,133583,133585,133668,133670,133716,133722,133724,133726,133746,133748,133771,133773,133847,133849,133868,133873,133875,133879,133951,133953,133967,133971,134047,134049,134068,134072,134166,134168,134177,134184,134260,134262,134280,134284,134287,134294,134343,134345,134354,134361,134420,134422,134440,134443,134450,134509,134511,134529,134536,134593,134595,134604,134608,134613,134617,134676,134678,134696,134700,134747,134752,134755,134824,134826,134843,134850,134856,134911,134916,134919,134996,134998,135016,135022,135028,135088,135090,135109,135115,135118,135125,135178,135183,135185,135246,135255,135262,135264,135321,135326,135328,135399,135403,135458,135460,135469,135474,135480,135549,135551,135583,135589,135597,135604,135610,135675,135677,135686,135692,135773,135775,135784,135789,135803,135810,135814,135819,135847,135849,135982,135985,136022,136024,136030,136039,136044,136047,136052,136057,136063,136066,136075,136078,136080,136109,136114],[10,133409,123331,133411,2059],{"id":133410},"python-string-join-method",[30,133412,133413],{},"join()",[14,133415,123336,133416,133418],{},[30,133417,133413],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133420,133421],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133423,133424],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[316,133426,133427,133433],{},[319,133428,133429,133430,133432],{},"You call ",[30,133431,133413],{}," on the separator string",[319,133434,133435],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[18,133437,21],{"id":20},[23,133439,133441],{"className":25,"code":133440,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[30,133442,133443,133476,133497],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133444,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133472,133474],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133446,1655],{"class":39},[33,133448,44],{"class":43},[33,133450,48],{"class":47},[33,133452,80],{"class":79},[33,133454,7456],{"class":83},[33,133456,80],{"class":79},[33,133458,55],{"class":47},[33,133460,91],{"class":79},[33,133462,12346],{"class":83},[33,133464,80],{"class":79},[33,133466,55],{"class":47},[33,133468,91],{"class":79},[33,133470,133471],{"class":83},"fun",[33,133473,80],{"class":79},[33,133475,66],{"class":47},[33,133477,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133491,133493,133495],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133479,1506],{"class":39},[33,133481,44],{"class":43},[33,133483,91],{"class":79},[33,133485,91],{"class":79},[33,133487,310],{"class":47},[33,133489,133490],{"class":162},"join",[33,133492,133],{"class":47},[33,133494,1680],{"class":162},[33,133496,143],{"class":47},[33,133498,133499,133501,133503,133505],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133500,157],{"class":156},[33,133502,133],{"class":47},[33,133504,1530],{"class":162},[33,133506,143],{"class":47},[14,133508,207],{},[23,133510,133512],{"className":25,"code":133511,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Python is fun\n",[30,133513,133514],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133515,133516,133518,133520],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133517,2076],{"class":39},[33,133519,12346],{"class":43},[33,133521,133522],{"class":39}," fun\n",[14,133524,672,133525,133527],{},[30,133526,133413],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[18,133529,3848,133531,3851],{"id":133530},"what-join-does",[30,133532,133413],{},[14,133534,133535,133537],{},[30,133536,133413],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133539,11610],{},[316,133541,133542,133549,133577,133580],{},[319,133543,133544,133545,133548],{},"It uses the string before ",[30,133546,133547],{},".join()"," as the separator",[319,133550,133551,133552],{},"Common separators are:\n",[316,133553,133554,133560,133566,133572],{},[319,133555,133556,133559],{},[30,133557,133558],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[319,133561,133562,133565],{},[30,133563,133564],{},"\", \""," for commas",[319,133567,133568,133571],{},[30,133569,133570],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[319,133573,133574,133576],{},[30,133575,6431],{}," for no separator",[319,133578,133579],{},"It returns a new string",[319,133581,133582],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133584,367],{},[23,133586,133588],{"className":25,"code":133587,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[30,133589,133590,133622,133644,133648,133658],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133591,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602,133604,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133593,1655],{"class":39},[33,133595,44],{"class":43},[33,133597,48],{"class":47},[33,133599,80],{"class":79},[33,133601,13246],{"class":83},[33,133603,80],{"class":79},[33,133605,55],{"class":47},[33,133607,91],{"class":79},[33,133609,17608],{"class":83},[33,133611,80],{"class":79},[33,133613,55],{"class":47},[33,133615,91],{"class":79},[33,133617,13263],{"class":83},[33,133619,80],{"class":79},[33,133621,66],{"class":47},[33,133623,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133625,1506],{"class":39},[33,133627,44],{"class":43},[33,133629,91],{"class":79},[33,133631,1931],{"class":83},[33,133633,80],{"class":79},[33,133635,310],{"class":47},[33,133637,133490],{"class":162},[33,133639,133],{"class":47},[33,133641,1680],{"class":162},[33,133643,143],{"class":47},[33,133645,133646],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133647,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,133649,133650,133652,133654,133656],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,133651,157],{"class":156},[33,133653,133],{"class":47},[33,133655,1530],{"class":162},[33,133657,143],{"class":47},[33,133659,133660,133662,133664,133666],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,133661,157],{"class":156},[33,133663,133],{"class":47},[33,133665,1680],{"class":162},[33,133667,143],{"class":47},[14,133669,207],{},[23,133671,133673],{"className":25,"code":133672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[30,133674,133675,133688],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133676,133677,133679,133681,133684,133686],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133678,13246],{"class":39},[33,133680,55],{"class":47},[33,133682,133683],{"class":39}," green",[33,133685,55],{"class":47},[33,133687,36038],{"class":39},[33,133689,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133714],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133691,217],{"class":47},[33,133693,236],{"class":79},[33,133695,13246],{"class":83},[33,133697,236],{"class":79},[33,133699,55],{"class":47},[33,133701,245],{"class":79},[33,133703,17608],{"class":83},[33,133705,236],{"class":79},[33,133707,55],{"class":47},[33,133709,245],{"class":79},[33,133711,13263],{"class":83},[33,133713,236],{"class":79},[33,133715,66],{"class":47},[14,133717,133718,133719,133721],{},"The list stays the same. ",[30,133720,133413],{}," creates a new string.",[18,133723,2334],{"id":2333},[14,133725,7377],{},[23,133727,133729],{"className":25,"code":133728,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[30,133730,133731],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133732,133733,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133734,133735],{"class":39},"separator",[33,133737,310],{"class":47},[33,133739,133490],{"class":162},[33,133741,133],{"class":47},[33,133743,3892],{"class":162},[33,133745,143],{"class":47},[664,133747,49163],{"id":49162},[316,133749,133750,133763,133768],{},[319,133751,133752,133754,133755,1931,133757,1931,133759,2370,133761],{},[30,133753,133735],{}," is a string such as ",[30,133756,133558],{},[30,133758,133564],{},[30,133760,133570],{},[30,133762,6431],{},[319,133764,133765,133767],{},[30,133766,3892],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[319,133769,133770],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133772,367],{},[23,133774,133776],{"className":25,"code":133775,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,133777,133778,133810,133833,133837],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133779,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133781,72],{"class":39},[33,133783,44],{"class":43},[33,133785,48],{"class":47},[33,133787,80],{"class":79},[33,133789,84],{"class":83},[33,133791,80],{"class":79},[33,133793,55],{"class":47},[33,133795,91],{"class":79},[33,133797,94],{"class":83},[33,133799,80],{"class":79},[33,133801,55],{"class":47},[33,133803,91],{"class":79},[33,133805,103],{"class":83},[33,133807,80],{"class":79},[33,133809,66],{"class":47},[33,133811,133812,133814,133816,133818,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133813,1506],{"class":39},[33,133815,44],{"class":43},[33,133817,91],{"class":79},[33,133819,133820],{"class":83}," | ",[33,133822,80],{"class":79},[33,133824,310],{"class":47},[33,133826,133490],{"class":162},[33,133828,133],{"class":47},[33,133830,175],{"class":162},[33,133832,143],{"class":47},[33,133834,133835],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133836,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,133838,133839,133841,133843,133845],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,133840,157],{"class":156},[33,133842,133],{"class":47},[33,133844,1530],{"class":162},[33,133846,143],{"class":47},[14,133848,207],{},[23,133850,133852],{"className":25,"code":133851,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[30,133853,133854],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133855,133856,133859,133861,133864,133866],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133857,133858],{"class":39},"Ana ",[33,133860,113838],{"class":43},[33,133862,133863],{"class":39}," Ben ",[33,133865,113838],{"class":43},[33,133867,36177],{"class":39},[14,133869,133870,133871,310],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[273,133872,125086],{"href":51129},[18,133874,121862],{"id":121861},[664,133876,133878],{"id":133877},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[23,133880,133882],{"className":25,"code":133881,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,133883,133884,133917,133937,133941],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133885,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133913,133915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133887,1655],{"class":39},[33,133889,44],{"class":43},[33,133891,48],{"class":47},[33,133893,80],{"class":79},[33,133895,7456],{"class":83},[33,133897,80],{"class":79},[33,133899,55],{"class":47},[33,133901,91],{"class":79},[33,133903,12346],{"class":83},[33,133905,80],{"class":79},[33,133907,55],{"class":47},[33,133909,91],{"class":79},[33,133911,133912],{"class":83},"easy",[33,133914,80],{"class":79},[33,133916,66],{"class":47},[33,133918,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,133920,1506],{"class":39},[33,133922,44],{"class":43},[33,133924,91],{"class":79},[33,133926,91],{"class":79},[33,133928,310],{"class":47},[33,133930,133490],{"class":162},[33,133932,133],{"class":47},[33,133934,1680],{"class":162},[33,133936,143],{"class":47},[33,133938,133939],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,133940,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,133942,133943,133945,133947,133949],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,133944,157],{"class":156},[33,133946,133],{"class":47},[33,133948,1530],{"class":162},[33,133950,143],{"class":47},[14,133952,207],{},[23,133954,133956],{"className":25,"code":133955,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Python is easy\n",[30,133957,133958],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133959,133960,133962,133964],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133961,2076],{"class":39},[33,133963,12346],{"class":43},[33,133965,133966],{"class":39}," easy\n",[664,133968,133970],{"id":133969},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[23,133972,133974],{"className":25,"code":133973,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,133975,133976,134011,134033,134037],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,133977,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133989,133991,133993,133995,133998,134000,134002,134004,134007,134009],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,133979,377],{"class":39},[33,133981,44],{"class":43},[33,133983,48],{"class":47},[33,133985,80],{"class":79},[33,133987,133988],{"class":83},"apples",[33,133990,80],{"class":79},[33,133992,55],{"class":47},[33,133994,91],{"class":79},[33,133996,133997],{"class":83},"bananas",[33,133999,80],{"class":79},[33,134001,55],{"class":47},[33,134003,91],{"class":79},[33,134005,134006],{"class":83},"oranges",[33,134008,80],{"class":79},[33,134010,66],{"class":47},[33,134012,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134014,1506],{"class":39},[33,134016,44],{"class":43},[33,134018,91],{"class":79},[33,134020,1931],{"class":83},[33,134022,80],{"class":79},[33,134024,310],{"class":47},[33,134026,133490],{"class":162},[33,134028,133],{"class":47},[33,134030,414],{"class":162},[33,134032,143],{"class":47},[33,134034,134035],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,134036,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,134038,134039,134041,134043,134045],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,134040,157],{"class":156},[33,134042,133],{"class":47},[33,134044,1530],{"class":162},[33,134046,143],{"class":47},[14,134048,207],{},[23,134050,134052],{"className":25,"code":134051,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[30,134053,134054],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134055,134056,134058,134060,134063,134065],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134057,133988],{"class":39},[33,134059,55],{"class":47},[33,134061,134062],{"class":39}," bananas",[33,134064,55],{"class":47},[33,134066,134067],{"class":39}," oranges\n",[664,134069,134071],{"id":134070},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[23,134073,134075],{"className":25,"code":134074,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,134076,134077,134134,134152,134156],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134078,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134080,124],{"class":39},[33,134082,44],{"class":43},[33,134084,48],{"class":47},[33,134086,80],{"class":79},[33,134088,134089],{"class":83},"P",[33,134091,80],{"class":79},[33,134093,55],{"class":47},[33,134095,91],{"class":79},[33,134097,11898],{"class":83},[33,134099,80],{"class":79},[33,134101,55],{"class":47},[33,134103,91],{"class":79},[33,134105,63262],{"class":83},[33,134107,80],{"class":79},[33,134109,55],{"class":47},[33,134111,91],{"class":79},[33,134113,1550],{"class":83},[33,134115,80],{"class":79},[33,134117,55],{"class":47},[33,134119,91],{"class":79},[33,134121,1585],{"class":83},[33,134123,80],{"class":79},[33,134125,55],{"class":47},[33,134127,91],{"class":79},[33,134129,76006],{"class":83},[33,134131,80],{"class":79},[33,134133,66],{"class":47},[33,134135,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134137,1506],{"class":39},[33,134139,44],{"class":43},[33,134141,6285],{"class":79},[33,134143,310],{"class":47},[33,134145,133490],{"class":162},[33,134147,133],{"class":47},[33,134149,199],{"class":162},[33,134151,143],{"class":47},[33,134153,134154],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,134155,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,134157,134158,134160,134162,134164],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,134159,157],{"class":156},[33,134161,133],{"class":47},[33,134163,1530],{"class":162},[33,134165,143],{"class":47},[14,134167,207],{},[23,134169,134171],{"className":25,"code":134170,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Python\n",[30,134172,134173],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134174,134175],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134176,134170],{"class":39},[664,134178,134180,134181,134183],{"id":134179},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[30,134182,133413],{}," returns the result",[23,134185,134187],{"className":25,"code":134186,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[30,134188,134189,134222,134245,134249],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134190,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134218,134220],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134192,1655],{"class":39},[33,134194,44],{"class":43},[33,134196,48],{"class":47},[33,134198,80],{"class":79},[33,134200,6743],{"class":83},[33,134202,80],{"class":79},[33,134204,55],{"class":47},[33,134206,91],{"class":79},[33,134208,79247],{"class":83},[33,134210,80],{"class":79},[33,134212,55],{"class":47},[33,134214,91],{"class":79},[33,134216,134217],{"class":83},"three",[33,134219,80],{"class":79},[33,134221,66],{"class":47},[33,134223,134224,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134225,134226],{"class":39},"joined_text ",[33,134228,44],{"class":43},[33,134230,91],{"class":79},[33,134232,2199],{"class":83},[33,134234,80],{"class":79},[33,134236,310],{"class":47},[33,134238,133490],{"class":162},[33,134240,133],{"class":47},[33,134242,1680],{"class":162},[33,134244,143],{"class":47},[33,134246,134247],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,134248,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,134250,134251,134253,134255,134258],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,134252,157],{"class":156},[33,134254,133],{"class":47},[33,134256,134257],{"class":162},"joined_text",[33,134259,143],{"class":47},[14,134261,207],{},[23,134263,134265],{"className":25,"code":134264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"one-two-three\n",[30,134266,134267],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134268,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134270,6743],{"class":39},[33,134272,2199],{"class":43},[33,134274,79247],{"class":39},[33,134276,2199],{"class":43},[33,134278,134279],{"class":39},"three\n",[18,134281,134283],{"id":134282},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134285,134286],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[664,134288,134290,134293],{"id":134289},"join-adds-spaces",[30,134291,134292],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[23,134295,134297],{"className":25,"code":134296,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[30,134298,134299,134323],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134300,134301,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134302,1655],{"class":39},[33,134304,44],{"class":43},[33,134306,48],{"class":47},[33,134308,80],{"class":79},[33,134310,545],{"class":83},[33,134312,80],{"class":79},[33,134314,55],{"class":47},[33,134316,91],{"class":79},[33,134318,1708],{"class":83},[33,134320,80],{"class":79},[33,134322,66],{"class":47},[33,134324,134325,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134326,157],{"class":156},[33,134328,133],{"class":47},[33,134330,80],{"class":79},[33,134332,91],{"class":79},[33,134334,310],{"class":47},[33,134336,133490],{"class":162},[33,134338,133],{"class":47},[33,134340,1680],{"class":162},[33,134342,733],{"class":47},[14,134344,207],{},[23,134346,134348],{"className":25,"code":134347,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"hello world\n",[30,134349,134350],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134351,134352],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134353,134347],{"class":39},[664,134355,134357,134360],{"id":134356},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[30,134358,134359],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[23,134362,134364],{"className":25,"code":134363,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[30,134365,134366,134398],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134367,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134369,13229],{"class":39},[33,134371,44],{"class":43},[33,134373,48],{"class":47},[33,134375,80],{"class":79},[33,134377,13246],{"class":83},[33,134379,80],{"class":79},[33,134381,55],{"class":47},[33,134383,91],{"class":79},[33,134385,13263],{"class":83},[33,134387,80],{"class":79},[33,134389,55],{"class":47},[33,134391,91],{"class":79},[33,134393,17608],{"class":83},[33,134395,80],{"class":79},[33,134397,66],{"class":47},[33,134399,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134401,157],{"class":156},[33,134403,133],{"class":47},[33,134405,80],{"class":79},[33,134407,1931],{"class":83},[33,134409,80],{"class":79},[33,134411,310],{"class":47},[33,134413,133490],{"class":162},[33,134415,133],{"class":47},[33,134417,17655],{"class":162},[33,134419,733],{"class":47},[14,134421,207],{},[23,134423,134425],{"className":25,"code":134424,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"red, blue, green\n",[30,134426,134427],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134428,134429,134431,134433,134436,134438],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134430,13246],{"class":39},[33,134432,55],{"class":47},[33,134434,134435],{"class":39}," blue",[33,134437,55],{"class":47},[33,134439,36031],{"class":39},[14,134441,134442],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[664,134444,134446,134449],{"id":134445},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[30,134447,134448],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[23,134451,134453],{"className":25,"code":134452,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[30,134454,134455,134487],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134456,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134458,42990],{"class":39},[33,134460,44],{"class":43},[33,134462,48],{"class":47},[33,134464,80],{"class":79},[33,134466,27],{"class":83},[33,134468,80],{"class":79},[33,134470,55],{"class":47},[33,134472,91],{"class":79},[33,134474,61149],{"class":83},[33,134476,80],{"class":79},[33,134478,55],{"class":47},[33,134480,91],{"class":79},[33,134482,133490],{"class":83},[33,134484,80],{"class":79},[33,134486,66],{"class":47},[33,134488,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134490,157],{"class":156},[33,134492,133],{"class":47},[33,134494,80],{"class":79},[33,134496,2199],{"class":83},[33,134498,80],{"class":79},[33,134500,310],{"class":47},[33,134502,133490],{"class":162},[33,134504,133],{"class":47},[33,134506,43022],{"class":162},[33,134508,733],{"class":47},[14,134510,207],{},[23,134512,134514],{"className":25,"code":134513,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"python-string-join\n",[30,134515,134516],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134517,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134519,27],{"class":39},[33,134521,2199],{"class":43},[33,134523,61149],{"class":39},[33,134525,2199],{"class":43},[33,134527,134528],{"class":39},"join\n",[664,134530,134532,134535],{"id":134531},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[30,134533,134534],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[23,134537,134539],{"className":25,"code":134538,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[30,134540,134541,134574],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134542,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134570,134572],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134544,112910],{"class":39},[33,134546,44],{"class":43},[33,134548,48],{"class":47},[33,134550,80],{"class":79},[33,134552,22399],{"class":83},[33,134554,80],{"class":79},[33,134556,55],{"class":47},[33,134558,91],{"class":79},[33,134560,30754],{"class":83},[33,134562,80],{"class":79},[33,134564,55],{"class":47},[33,134566,91],{"class":79},[33,134568,134569],{"class":83},"C",[33,134571,80],{"class":79},[33,134573,66],{"class":47},[33,134575,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134591],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134577,157],{"class":156},[33,134579,133],{"class":47},[33,134581,6431],{"class":79},[33,134583,310],{"class":47},[33,134585,133490],{"class":162},[33,134587,133],{"class":47},[33,134589,134590],{"class":162},"chars",[33,134592,733],{"class":47},[14,134594,207],{},[23,134596,134598],{"className":25,"code":134597,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ABC\n",[30,134599,134600],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134601,134602],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134603,134597],{"class":34609},[18,134605,134607],{"id":134606},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134609,134610,134612],{},[30,134611,133413],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[664,134614,134616],{"id":134615},"this-works","This works",[23,134618,134620],{"className":25,"code":134619,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[30,134621,134622,134654],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134623,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134625,1071],{"class":39},[33,134627,44],{"class":43},[33,134629,48],{"class":47},[33,134631,80],{"class":79},[33,134633,538],{"class":83},[33,134635,80],{"class":79},[33,134637,55],{"class":47},[33,134639,91],{"class":79},[33,134641,15906],{"class":83},[33,134643,80],{"class":79},[33,134645,55],{"class":47},[33,134647,91],{"class":79},[33,134649,36995],{"class":83},[33,134651,80],{"class":79},[33,134653,66],{"class":47},[33,134655,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134657,157],{"class":156},[33,134659,133],{"class":47},[33,134661,80],{"class":79},[33,134663,1931],{"class":83},[33,134665,80],{"class":79},[33,134667,310],{"class":47},[33,134669,133490],{"class":162},[33,134671,133],{"class":47},[33,134673,1096],{"class":162},[33,134675,733],{"class":47},[14,134677,207],{},[23,134679,134681],{"className":25,"code":134680,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10, 20, 30\n",[30,134682,134683],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134684,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134686,538],{"class":51},[33,134688,55],{"class":47},[33,134690,7949],{"class":51},[33,134692,55],{"class":47},[33,134694,134695],{"class":51}," 30\n",[664,134697,134699],{"id":134698},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[23,134701,134703],{"className":25,"code":134702,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[30,134704,134705,134725],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134706,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134708,1071],{"class":39},[33,134710,44],{"class":43},[33,134712,48],{"class":47},[33,134714,52],{"class":51},[33,134716,55],{"class":47},[33,134718,58],{"class":51},[33,134720,55],{"class":47},[33,134722,63],{"class":51},[33,134724,66],{"class":47},[33,134726,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134728,157],{"class":156},[33,134730,133],{"class":47},[33,134732,80],{"class":79},[33,134734,1931],{"class":83},[33,134736,80],{"class":79},[33,134738,310],{"class":47},[33,134740,133490],{"class":162},[33,134742,133],{"class":47},[33,134744,1096],{"class":162},[33,134746,733],{"class":47},[14,134748,90287,134749,134751],{},[30,134750,3181],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134753,134754],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[23,134756,134758],{"className":25,"code":134757,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,134759,134760,134780,134810,134814],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134761,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134763,1071],{"class":39},[33,134765,44],{"class":43},[33,134767,48],{"class":47},[33,134769,52],{"class":51},[33,134771,55],{"class":47},[33,134773,58],{"class":51},[33,134775,55],{"class":47},[33,134777,63],{"class":51},[33,134779,66],{"class":47},[33,134781,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134783,1506],{"class":39},[33,134785,44],{"class":43},[33,134787,91],{"class":79},[33,134789,1931],{"class":83},[33,134791,80],{"class":79},[33,134793,310],{"class":47},[33,134795,133490],{"class":162},[33,134797,133],{"class":47},[33,134799,40014],{"class":156},[33,134801,133],{"class":47},[33,134803,3617],{"class":129},[33,134805,55],{"class":47},[33,134807,4056],{"class":162},[33,134809,733],{"class":47},[33,134811,134812],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,134813,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,134815,134816,134818,134820,134822],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,134817,157],{"class":156},[33,134819,133],{"class":47},[33,134821,1530],{"class":162},[33,134823,143],{"class":47},[14,134825,207],{},[23,134827,134829],{"className":25,"code":134828,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"1, 2, 3\n",[30,134830,134831],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134832,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134834,52],{"class":51},[33,134836,55],{"class":47},[33,134838,58],{"class":51},[33,134840,55],{"class":47},[33,134842,2752],{"class":51},[14,134844,134845,134846,310],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[273,134847,2076,134848,3683],{"href":42328},[30,134849,47837],{},[664,134851,134853,134855],{"id":134852},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[30,134854,3950],{}," values do not work directly",[23,134857,134859],{"className":25,"code":134858,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[30,134860,134861,134889],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134862,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134864,1071],{"class":39},[33,134866,44],{"class":43},[33,134868,48],{"class":47},[33,134870,80],{"class":79},[33,134872,386],{"class":83},[33,134874,80],{"class":79},[33,134876,55],{"class":47},[33,134878,4022],{"class":398},[33,134880,55],{"class":47},[33,134882,91],{"class":79},[33,134884,4255],{"class":83},[33,134886,80],{"class":79},[33,134888,66],{"class":47},[33,134890,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134892,157],{"class":156},[33,134894,133],{"class":47},[33,134896,80],{"class":79},[33,134898,1931],{"class":83},[33,134900,80],{"class":79},[33,134902,310],{"class":47},[33,134904,133490],{"class":162},[33,134906,133],{"class":47},[33,134908,1096],{"class":162},[33,134910,733],{"class":47},[14,134912,134913,134914,310],{},"This also causes a ",[30,134915,3181],{},[14,134917,134918],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[23,134920,134922],{"className":25,"code":134921,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,134923,134924,134952,134982,134986],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,134927,1071],{"class":39},[33,134929,44],{"class":43},[33,134931,48],{"class":47},[33,134933,80],{"class":79},[33,134935,386],{"class":83},[33,134937,80],{"class":79},[33,134939,55],{"class":47},[33,134941,4022],{"class":398},[33,134943,55],{"class":47},[33,134945,91],{"class":79},[33,134947,4255],{"class":83},[33,134949,80],{"class":79},[33,134951,66],{"class":47},[33,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,134955,1506],{"class":39},[33,134957,44],{"class":43},[33,134959,91],{"class":79},[33,134961,1931],{"class":83},[33,134963,80],{"class":79},[33,134965,310],{"class":47},[33,134967,133490],{"class":162},[33,134969,133],{"class":47},[33,134971,40014],{"class":156},[33,134973,133],{"class":47},[33,134975,3617],{"class":129},[33,134977,55],{"class":47},[33,134979,4056],{"class":162},[33,134981,733],{"class":47},[33,134983,134984],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,134985,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,134987,134988,134990,134992,134994],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,134989,157],{"class":156},[33,134991,133],{"class":47},[33,134993,1530],{"class":162},[33,134995,143],{"class":47},[14,134997,207],{},[23,134999,135001],{"className":25,"code":135000,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"apple, None, banana\n",[30,135002,135003],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135004,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135006,386],{"class":39},[33,135008,55],{"class":47},[33,135010,4022],{"class":398},[33,135012,55],{"class":47},[33,135014,135015],{"class":39}," banana\n",[14,135017,135018,135019,135021],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[30,135020,3950],{}," values instead of converting them.",[664,135023,135025,135027],{"id":135024},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[30,135026,133413],{}," also works with tuples",[23,135029,135031],{"className":25,"code":135030,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[30,135032,135033,135065],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135036,72],{"class":39},[33,135038,44],{"class":43},[33,135040,1381],{"class":47},[33,135042,80],{"class":79},[33,135044,7836],{"class":83},[33,135046,80],{"class":79},[33,135048,55],{"class":47},[33,135050,91],{"class":79},[33,135052,131419],{"class":83},[33,135054,80],{"class":79},[33,135056,55],{"class":47},[33,135058,91],{"class":79},[33,135060,8079],{"class":83},[33,135062,80],{"class":79},[33,135064,143],{"class":47},[33,135066,135067,135069,135071,135073,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135068,157],{"class":156},[33,135070,133],{"class":47},[33,135072,80],{"class":79},[33,135074,135075],{"class":83}," \u002F ",[33,135077,80],{"class":79},[33,135079,310],{"class":47},[33,135081,133490],{"class":162},[33,135083,133],{"class":47},[33,135085,175],{"class":162},[33,135087,733],{"class":47},[14,135089,207],{},[23,135091,135093],{"className":25,"code":135092,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[30,135094,135095],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135096,135097,135100,135102,135105,135107],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135098,135099],{"class":39},"Sam ",[33,135101,127223],{"class":43},[33,135103,135104],{"class":39}," Lee ",[33,135106,127223],{"class":43},[33,135108,22488],{"class":39},[18,135110,135112,135113],{"id":135111},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[30,135114,133413],{},[14,135116,135117],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[664,135119,135121,135122,135124],{"id":135120},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[30,135123,3181],{}," because not all items are strings",[23,135126,135128],{"className":25,"code":135127,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[30,135129,135130,135158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135131,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135133,377],{"class":39},[33,135135,44],{"class":43},[33,135137,48],{"class":47},[33,135139,80],{"class":79},[33,135141,273],{"class":83},[33,135143,80],{"class":79},[33,135145,55],{"class":47},[33,135147,58],{"class":51},[33,135149,55],{"class":47},[33,135151,91],{"class":79},[33,135153,291],{"class":83},[33,135155,80],{"class":79},[33,135157,66],{"class":47},[33,135159,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135161,157],{"class":156},[33,135163,133],{"class":47},[33,135165,80],{"class":79},[33,135167,91],{"class":79},[33,135169,310],{"class":47},[33,135171,133490],{"class":162},[33,135173,133],{"class":47},[33,135175,414],{"class":162},[33,135177,733],{"class":47},[14,135179,48664,135180,135182],{},[30,135181,2234],{}," is an integer.",[14,135184,39416],{},[23,135186,135188],{"className":25,"code":135187,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[30,135189,135190,135218],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135191,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135193,377],{"class":39},[33,135195,44],{"class":43},[33,135197,48],{"class":47},[33,135199,80],{"class":79},[33,135201,273],{"class":83},[33,135203,80],{"class":79},[33,135205,55],{"class":47},[33,135207,58],{"class":51},[33,135209,55],{"class":47},[33,135211,91],{"class":79},[33,135213,291],{"class":83},[33,135215,80],{"class":79},[33,135217,66],{"class":47},[33,135219,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135221,157],{"class":156},[33,135223,133],{"class":47},[33,135225,80],{"class":79},[33,135227,91],{"class":79},[33,135229,310],{"class":47},[33,135231,133490],{"class":162},[33,135233,133],{"class":47},[33,135235,40014],{"class":156},[33,135237,133],{"class":47},[33,135239,3617],{"class":129},[33,135241,55],{"class":47},[33,135243,6125],{"class":162},[33,135245,1890],{"class":47},[14,135247,135248,135249,310],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[273,135250,25833,135252],{"href":135251},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[30,135253,135254],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[664,135256,135258,135259,135261],{"id":135257},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[30,135260,133413],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135263,4691],{},[23,135265,135267],{"className":25,"code":135266,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[30,135268,135269,135301],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135270,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135272,1655],{"class":39},[33,135274,44],{"class":43},[33,135276,48],{"class":47},[33,135278,80],{"class":79},[33,135280,7456],{"class":83},[33,135282,80],{"class":79},[33,135284,55],{"class":47},[33,135286,91],{"class":79},[33,135288,12346],{"class":83},[33,135290,80],{"class":79},[33,135292,55],{"class":47},[33,135294,91],{"class":79},[33,135296,133471],{"class":83},[33,135298,80],{"class":79},[33,135300,66],{"class":47},[33,135302,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135304,1506],{"class":39},[33,135306,44],{"class":43},[33,135308,6327],{"class":39},[33,135310,310],{"class":47},[33,135312,133490],{"class":162},[33,135314,133],{"class":47},[33,135316,80],{"class":79},[33,135318,91],{"class":79},[33,135320,143],{"class":47},[14,135322,135323,135325],{},[30,135324,133413],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135327,1328],{},[23,135329,135331],{"className":25,"code":135330,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,135332,135333,135365,135385,135389],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135334,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135336,1655],{"class":39},[33,135338,44],{"class":43},[33,135340,48],{"class":47},[33,135342,80],{"class":79},[33,135344,7456],{"class":83},[33,135346,80],{"class":79},[33,135348,55],{"class":47},[33,135350,91],{"class":79},[33,135352,12346],{"class":83},[33,135354,80],{"class":79},[33,135356,55],{"class":47},[33,135358,91],{"class":79},[33,135360,133471],{"class":83},[33,135362,80],{"class":79},[33,135364,66],{"class":47},[33,135366,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135368,1506],{"class":39},[33,135370,44],{"class":43},[33,135372,91],{"class":79},[33,135374,91],{"class":79},[33,135376,310],{"class":47},[33,135378,133490],{"class":162},[33,135380,133],{"class":47},[33,135382,1680],{"class":162},[33,135384,143],{"class":47},[33,135386,135387],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,135388,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,135390,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,135392,157],{"class":156},[33,135394,133],{"class":47},[33,135396,1530],{"class":162},[33,135398,143],{"class":47},[664,135400,135402],{"id":135401},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[23,135404,135406],{"className":25,"code":135405,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[30,135407,135408,135440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135409,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135411,1655],{"class":39},[33,135413,44],{"class":43},[33,135415,48],{"class":47},[33,135417,80],{"class":79},[33,135419,6743],{"class":83},[33,135421,80],{"class":79},[33,135423,55],{"class":47},[33,135425,91],{"class":79},[33,135427,79247],{"class":83},[33,135429,80],{"class":79},[33,135431,55],{"class":47},[33,135433,91],{"class":79},[33,135435,134217],{"class":83},[33,135437,80],{"class":79},[33,135439,66],{"class":47},[33,135441,135442,135444,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135443,157],{"class":156},[33,135445,133],{"class":47},[33,135447,6431],{"class":79},[33,135449,310],{"class":47},[33,135451,133490],{"class":162},[33,135453,133],{"class":47},[33,135455,1680],{"class":162},[33,135457,733],{"class":47},[14,135459,207],{},[23,135461,135463],{"className":25,"code":135462,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"onetwothree\n",[30,135464,135465],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135466,135467],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135468,135462],{"class":39},[14,135470,135471,135472,6789],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[30,135473,133558],{},[664,135475,135477,135478,131681],{"id":135476},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[30,135479,133413],{},[23,135481,135483],{"className":25,"code":135482,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[30,135484,135485,135517,135535,135539],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135486,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135488,1655],{"class":39},[33,135490,44],{"class":43},[33,135492,48],{"class":47},[33,135494,80],{"class":79},[33,135496,273],{"class":83},[33,135498,80],{"class":79},[33,135500,55],{"class":47},[33,135502,91],{"class":79},[33,135504,282],{"class":83},[33,135506,80],{"class":79},[33,135508,55],{"class":47},[33,135510,91],{"class":79},[33,135512,291],{"class":83},[33,135514,80],{"class":79},[33,135516,66],{"class":47},[33,135518,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135520,80],{"class":43481},[33,135522,2199],{"class":43485},[33,135524,80],{"class":43481},[33,135526,310],{"class":47},[33,135528,133490],{"class":162},[33,135530,133],{"class":47},[33,135532,1680],{"class":162},[33,135534,143],{"class":47},[33,135536,135537],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,135538,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,135540,135541,135543,135545,135547],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,135542,157],{"class":156},[33,135544,133],{"class":47},[33,135546,1680],{"class":162},[33,135548,143],{"class":47},[14,135550,207],{},[23,135552,135553],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,135554,135555],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135556,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135558,217],{"class":47},[33,135560,236],{"class":79},[33,135562,273],{"class":83},[33,135564,236],{"class":79},[33,135566,55],{"class":47},[33,135568,245],{"class":79},[33,135570,282],{"class":83},[33,135572,236],{"class":79},[33,135574,55],{"class":47},[33,135576,245],{"class":79},[33,135578,291],{"class":83},[33,135580,236],{"class":79},[33,135582,66],{"class":47},[14,135584,135585,135586,135588],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[30,135587,133413],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[18,135590,135592,135594,135595],{"id":135591},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[30,135593,133413],{}," vs concatenation with ",[30,135596,2237],{},[14,135598,10744,135599,2030,135601,135603],{},[30,135600,133413],{},[30,135602,2237],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[664,135605,672,135607,135609],{"id":135606},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[30,135608,2237],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[23,135611,135613],{"className":25,"code":135612,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,135614,135615,135628,135641,135661,135665],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135616,135617,135620,135622,135624,135626],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135618,135619],{"class":39},"first ",[33,135621,44],{"class":43},[33,135623,91],{"class":79},[33,135625,35023],{"class":83},[33,135627,3532],{"class":79},[33,135629,135630,135633,135635,135637,135639],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135631,135632],{"class":39},"second ",[33,135634,44],{"class":43},[33,135636,91],{"class":79},[33,135638,89716],{"class":83},[33,135640,3532],{"class":79},[33,135642,135643,135645,135647,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,135644,1506],{"class":39},[33,135646,44],{"class":43},[33,135648,135649],{"class":39}," first ",[33,135651,2237],{"class":43},[33,135653,91],{"class":79},[33,135655,91],{"class":79},[33,135657,2629],{"class":43},[33,135659,135660],{"class":39}," second\n",[33,135662,135663],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,135664,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,135666,135667,135669,135671,135673],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,135668,157],{"class":156},[33,135670,133],{"class":47},[33,135672,1530],{"class":162},[33,135674,143],{"class":47},[14,135676,207],{},[23,135678,135680],{"className":25,"code":135679,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Hello World\n",[30,135681,135682],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135683,135684],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135685,135679],{"class":39},[664,135687,672,135689,135691],{"id":135688},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[30,135690,133413],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[23,135693,135695],{"className":25,"code":135694,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,135696,135697,135739,135759,135763],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135698,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709,135711,135713,135715,135718,135720,135722,135724,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135700,1655],{"class":39},[33,135702,44],{"class":43},[33,135704,48],{"class":47},[33,135706,80],{"class":79},[33,135708,7456],{"class":83},[33,135710,80],{"class":79},[33,135712,55],{"class":47},[33,135714,91],{"class":79},[33,135716,135717],{"class":83},"makes",[33,135719,80],{"class":79},[33,135721,55],{"class":47},[33,135723,91],{"class":79},[33,135725,135726],{"class":83},"this",[33,135728,80],{"class":79},[33,135730,55],{"class":47},[33,135732,91],{"class":79},[33,135734,133912],{"class":83},[33,135736,80],{"class":79},[33,135738,66],{"class":47},[33,135740,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749,135751,135753,135755,135757],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135742,1506],{"class":39},[33,135744,44],{"class":43},[33,135746,91],{"class":79},[33,135748,91],{"class":79},[33,135750,310],{"class":47},[33,135752,133490],{"class":162},[33,135754,133],{"class":47},[33,135756,1680],{"class":162},[33,135758,143],{"class":47},[33,135760,135761],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,135762,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,135764,135765,135767,135769,135771],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,135766,157],{"class":156},[33,135768,133],{"class":47},[33,135770,1530],{"class":162},[33,135772,143],{"class":47},[14,135774,207],{},[23,135776,135778],{"className":25,"code":135777,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Python makes this easy\n",[30,135779,135780],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135781,135782],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135783,135777],{"class":39},[14,135785,135786,135788],{},[30,135787,133413],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[316,135790,135791,135794,135797],{},[319,135792,135793],{},"You already have a list of strings",[319,135795,135796],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[319,135798,135799,135800,135802],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[30,135801,2237],{}," operators",[14,135804,135805,135806,310],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[273,135807,135809],{"href":135808},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[18,135811,135813],{"id":135812},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135815,9031,135816,135818],{},[30,135817,133413],{}," is not working, check these first:",[316,135820,135821,135824,135829,135838,135844],{},[319,135822,135823],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[319,135825,135826,135827],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[30,135828,3950],{},[319,135830,135831,135832,1361,135835],{},"You may have written ",[30,135833,135834],{},"list.join(...)",[30,135836,135837],{},"string.join(...)",[319,135839,135840,135841,135843],{},"You may be expecting ",[30,135842,133413],{}," to change the original iterable",[319,135845,135846],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135848,94356],{},[23,135850,135852],{"className":25,"code":135851,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[30,135853,135854,135868,135878,135902,135942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,135855,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,135857,157],{"class":156},[33,135859,133],{"class":47},[33,135861,1406],{"class":129},[33,135863,133],{"class":47},[33,135865,414],{"class":162},[33,135867,733],{"class":47},[33,135869,135870,135872,135874,135876],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,135871,157],{"class":156},[33,135873,133],{"class":47},[33,135875,414],{"class":162},[33,135877,143],{"class":47},[33,135879,135880,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,135881,157],{"class":156},[33,135883,3162],{"class":47},[33,135885,1406],{"class":129},[33,135887,133],{"class":47},[33,135889,23464],{"class":162},[33,135891,3831],{"class":47},[33,135893,4047],{"class":4046},[33,135895,6120],{"class":162},[33,135897,4053],{"class":4046},[33,135899,6125],{"class":162},[33,135901,4059],{"class":47},[33,135903,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,135905,157],{"class":156},[33,135907,133],{"class":47},[33,135909,236],{"class":79},[33,135911,245],{"class":79},[33,135913,310],{"class":47},[33,135915,133490],{"class":162},[33,135917,3162],{"class":47},[33,135919,236],{"class":79},[33,135921,273],{"class":83},[33,135923,236],{"class":79},[33,135925,55],{"class":47},[33,135927,245],{"class":79},[33,135929,282],{"class":83},[33,135931,236],{"class":79},[33,135933,55],{"class":47},[33,135935,245],{"class":79},[33,135937,291],{"class":83},[33,135939,236],{"class":79},[33,135941,3175],{"class":47},[33,135943,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,135945,157],{"class":156},[33,135947,133],{"class":47},[33,135949,236],{"class":79},[33,135951,1931],{"class":83},[33,135953,236],{"class":79},[33,135955,310],{"class":47},[33,135957,133490],{"class":162},[33,135959,133],{"class":47},[33,135961,40014],{"class":156},[33,135963,133],{"class":47},[33,135965,3617],{"class":129},[33,135967,55],{"class":47},[33,135969,48],{"class":47},[33,135971,52],{"class":51},[33,135973,55],{"class":47},[33,135975,58],{"class":51},[33,135977,55],{"class":47},[33,135979,63],{"class":51},[33,135981,37419],{"class":47},[14,135983,135984],{},"What these checks do:",[316,135986,135987,135995,136001,136007,136016],{},[319,135988,135989,135992,135993,8254],{},[30,135990,135991],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[30,135994,414],{},[319,135996,135997,136000],{},[30,135998,135999],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[319,136002,136003,136006],{},[30,136004,136005],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[319,136008,136009,136012,136013,136015],{},[30,136010,136011],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[30,136014,133413],{}," behavior",[319,136017,136018,136021],{},[30,136019,136020],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[18,136023,1961],{"id":1960},[664,136025,12857,136027,136029],{"id":136026},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[30,136028,133413],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136031,136032,136033,136035,136036,310],{},"Not directly. ",[30,136034,133413],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[30,136037,136038],{},"map(str, values)",[664,136040,12857,136042,57307],{"id":136041},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[30,136043,133413],{},[14,136045,136046],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[664,136048,28481,136050,62610],{"id":136049},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[30,136051,133413],{},[14,136053,42305,136054,136056],{},[30,136055,133413],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[664,136058,2007,136060,40115],{"id":136059},"what-does-joinwords-do",[30,136061,136062],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136064,136065],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[664,136067,136069,136070,136072,136073,2033],{"id":136068},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[30,136071,3181],{}," when using ",[30,136074,133413],{},[14,136076,136077],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[18,136079,2045],{"id":2044},[316,136081,136082,136087,136093,136099,136105],{},[319,136083,136084],{},[273,136085,136086],{"href":135808},"How to join strings in Python",[319,136088,136089],{},[273,136090,126331,136091,887],{"href":129018},[30,136092,1644],{},[319,136094,136095],{},[273,136096,2076,136097,3683],{"href":42328},[30,136098,47837],{},[319,136100,136101],{},[273,136102,30501,136103],{"href":135251},[30,136104,135254],{},[319,136106,136107],{},[273,136108,125086],{"href":51129},[14,136110,97326,136111,136113],{},[30,136112,133413],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2097,136115,136116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":136118},[136119,136120,136122,136125,136132,136142,136150,136160,136167,136168,136180],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":133530,"depth":69,"text":136121},"What join() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":136123},[136124],{"id":49162,"depth":110,"text":49163},{"id":121861,"depth":69,"text":121862,"children":136126},[136127,136128,136129,136130],{"id":133877,"depth":110,"text":133878},{"id":133969,"depth":110,"text":133970},{"id":134070,"depth":110,"text":134071},{"id":134179,"depth":110,"text":136131},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134282,"depth":69,"text":134283,"children":136133},[136134,136136,136138,136140],{"id":134289,"depth":110,"text":136135},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134356,"depth":110,"text":136137},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134445,"depth":110,"text":136139},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134531,"depth":110,"text":136141},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134606,"depth":69,"text":134607,"children":136143},[136144,136145,136146,136148],{"id":134615,"depth":110,"text":134616},{"id":134698,"depth":110,"text":134699},{"id":134852,"depth":110,"text":136147},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135024,"depth":110,"text":136149},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135111,"depth":69,"text":136151,"children":136152},"Common errors with join()",[136153,136155,136157,136158],{"id":135120,"depth":110,"text":136154},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135257,"depth":110,"text":136156},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135401,"depth":110,"text":135402},{"id":135476,"depth":110,"text":136159},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135591,"depth":69,"text":136161,"children":136162},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136163,136165],{"id":135606,"depth":110,"text":136164},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135688,"depth":110,"text":136166},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135812,"depth":69,"text":135813},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":136169},[136170,136172,136174,136176,136178],{"id":136026,"depth":110,"text":136171},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136041,"depth":110,"text":136173},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136049,"depth":110,"text":136175},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136059,"depth":110,"text":136177},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136068,"depth":110,"text":136179},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133405,"description":136181},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136188,"title":136189,"body":136190,"description":137758,"extension":2138,"meta":137759,"navigation":149,"path":137760,"seo":137761,"stem":137762,"__hash__":137763},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136191,"toc":137725},[136192,136197,136202,136204,136218,136263,136270,136275,136280,136282,136298,136307,136309,136311,136326,136328,136338,136340,136402,136404,136407,136468,136470,136486,136488,136501,136504,136551,136553,136559,136562,136565,136625,136633,136719,136723,136728,136730,136744,136747,136832,136835,136893,136904,136959,136961,136968,136974,136980,137024,137027,137074,137076,137078,137085,137087,137118,137121,137123,137154,137158,137161,137163,137203,137205,137248,137254,137259,137261,137288,137293,137296,137345,137349,137352,137427,137438,137441,137498,137505,137511,137519,137524,137531,137538,137556,137558,137612,137620,137622,137627,137630,137636,137642,137647,137650,137656,137662,137669,137677,137679,137722],[10,136193,123331,136195,2059],{"id":136194},"python-string-lower-method",[30,136196,124061],{},[14,136198,123336,136199,136201],{},[30,136200,124061],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136203,24241],{},[316,136205,136206,136209,136212,136215],{},[319,136207,136208],{},"convert text to lowercase",[319,136210,136211],{},"compare text without case differences",[319,136213,136214],{},"clean up user input",[319,136216,136217],{},"make simple text matching easier",[23,136219,136221],{"className":25,"code":136220,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[30,136222,136223,136236,136250],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136224,136225,136227,136229,136231,136234],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136226,34843],{"class":39},[33,136228,44],{"class":43},[33,136230,91],{"class":79},[33,136232,136233],{"class":83},"Hello WORLD",[33,136235,3532],{"class":79},[33,136237,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246,136248],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136239,1506],{"class":39},[33,136241,44],{"class":43},[33,136243,42995],{"class":39},[33,136245,310],{"class":47},[33,136247,8796],{"class":162},[33,136249,1671],{"class":47},[33,136251,136252,136254,136256,136258,136260],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136253,157],{"class":156},[33,136255,133],{"class":47},[33,136257,1530],{"class":162},[33,136259,3831],{"class":47},[33,136261,136262],{"class":1308},"  # hello world\n",[14,136264,136265,88939,136267,136269],{},[205,136266,83797],{},[30,136268,124061],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[18,136271,3848,136273,3851],{"id":136272},"what-lower-does",[30,136274,124061],{},[14,136276,136277,136279],{},[30,136278,124061],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136281,13205],{},[316,136283,136284,136289,136292,136295],{},[319,136285,136286,136288],{},[30,136287,124061],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[319,136290,136291],{},"It works on string objects",[319,136293,136294],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[319,136296,136297],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136299,125083,136300,136304,136305,310],{},[273,136301,136303],{"href":136302},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[273,136306,51130],{"href":51129},[18,136308,2334],{"id":2333},[14,136310,2337],{},[23,136312,136314],{"className":25,"code":136313,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.lower()\n",[30,136315,136316],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136317,136318,136320,136322,136324],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136319,61149],{"class":39},[33,136321,310],{"class":47},[33,136323,8796],{"class":162},[33,136325,1671],{"class":47},[14,136327,43803],{},[316,136329,136330,136332,136335],{},[319,136331,97504],{},[319,136333,136334],{},"You call it directly on a string",[319,136336,136337],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136339,367],{},[23,136341,136343],{"className":25,"code":136342,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[30,136344,136345,136368,136372,136385],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136346,136347,136349,136351,136353,136356,136358,136360,136362,136365],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136348,157],{"class":156},[33,136350,133],{"class":47},[33,136352,80],{"class":79},[33,136354,136355],{"class":83},"HELLO",[33,136357,80],{"class":79},[33,136359,310],{"class":47},[33,136361,8796],{"class":162},[33,136363,136364],{"class":47},"())",[33,136366,136367],{"class":1308},"  # hello\n",[33,136369,136370],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136371,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136373,136374,136376,136378,136380,136383],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136375,8034],{"class":39},[33,136377,44],{"class":43},[33,136379,91],{"class":79},[33,136381,136382],{"class":83},"PyThOn",[33,136384,3532],{"class":79},[33,136386,136387,136389,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136388,157],{"class":156},[33,136390,133],{"class":47},[33,136392,7827],{"class":162},[33,136394,310],{"class":47},[33,136396,8796],{"class":162},[33,136398,136364],{"class":47},[33,136400,136401],{"class":1308},"  # python\n",[18,136403,11627],{"id":11626},[14,136405,136406],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[23,136408,136410],{"className":25,"code":136409,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[30,136411,136412,136424,136428,136443,136447,136458],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136415,34843],{"class":39},[33,136417,44],{"class":43},[33,136419,91],{"class":79},[33,136421,136233],{"class":83},[33,136423,3532],{"class":79},[33,136425,136426],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136427,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136429,136430,136433,136435,136437,136439,136441],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136431,136432],{"class":39},"lower_text ",[33,136434,44],{"class":43},[33,136436,42995],{"class":39},[33,136438,310],{"class":47},[33,136440,8796],{"class":162},[33,136442,1671],{"class":47},[33,136444,136445],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136446,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136448,136449,136451,136453,136456],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,136450,157],{"class":156},[33,136452,133],{"class":47},[33,136454,136455],{"class":162},"lower_text",[33,136457,143],{"class":47},[33,136459,136460,136462,136464,136466],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,136461,157],{"class":156},[33,136463,133],{"class":47},[33,136465,34864],{"class":162},[33,136467,143],{"class":47},[14,136469,207],{},[23,136471,136473],{"className":25,"code":136472,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[30,136474,136475,136479],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136476,136477],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136478,134347],{"class":39},[33,136480,136481,136483],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136482,131747],{"class":39},[33,136484,136485],{"class":34609},"WORLD\n",[14,136487,24761],{},[316,136489,136490,136495],{},[319,136491,136492,136494],{},[30,136493,124061],{}," returns the lowercase result",[319,136496,136497,136498,136500],{},"the original ",[30,136499,34864],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136502,136503],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[23,136505,136507],{"className":25,"code":136506,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[30,136508,136509,136521,136535,136539],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136510,136511,136513,136515,136517,136519],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136512,34843],{"class":39},[33,136514,44],{"class":43},[33,136516,91],{"class":79},[33,136518,136233],{"class":83},[33,136520,3532],{"class":79},[33,136522,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136524,34843],{"class":39},[33,136526,44],{"class":43},[33,136528,42995],{"class":39},[33,136530,310],{"class":47},[33,136532,8796],{"class":162},[33,136534,1671],{"class":47},[33,136536,136537],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136538,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136542,157],{"class":156},[33,136544,133],{"class":47},[33,136546,34864],{"class":162},[33,136548,3831],{"class":47},[33,136550,136262],{"class":1308},[18,136552,17571],{"id":17570},[14,136554,136555,22129,136557,310],{},[30,136556,124061],{},[205,136558,61149],{},[14,136560,136561],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136563,136564],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[23,136566,136568],{"className":25,"code":136567,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[30,136569,136570,136584,136588,136611],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136571,136572,136575,136577,136579,136582],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136573,136574],{"class":39},"answer ",[33,136576,44],{"class":43},[33,136578,91],{"class":79},[33,136580,136581],{"class":83},"YES",[33,136583,3532],{"class":79},[33,136585,136586],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136587,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136589,136590,136592,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136591,7156],{"class":4046},[33,136593,136594],{"class":39}," answer",[33,136596,310],{"class":47},[33,136598,8796],{"class":162},[33,136600,1360],{"class":47},[33,136602,6568],{"class":43},[33,136604,91],{"class":79},[33,136606,8813],{"class":83},[33,136608,80],{"class":79},[33,136610,6553],{"class":47},[33,136612,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136623],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136614,8227],{"class":156},[33,136616,133],{"class":47},[33,136618,80],{"class":79},[33,136620,96813],{"class":83},[33,136622,80],{"class":79},[33,136624,143],{"class":47},[14,136626,136627,136628,3061],{},"This is especially useful with ",[273,136629,136630,136631,333],{"href":8377},"the ",[30,136632,3134],{},[23,136634,136636],{"className":25,"code":136635,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[30,136637,136638,136657,136661,136683,136698,136704],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136639,136640,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650,136653,136655],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136641,136574],{"class":39},[33,136643,44],{"class":43},[33,136645,8400],{"class":156},[33,136647,133],{"class":47},[33,136649,80],{"class":79},[33,136651,136652],{"class":83},"Type yes or no: ",[33,136654,80],{"class":79},[33,136656,143],{"class":47},[33,136658,136659],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136660,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136662,136663,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136664,7156],{"class":4046},[33,136666,136594],{"class":39},[33,136668,310],{"class":47},[33,136670,8796],{"class":162},[33,136672,1360],{"class":47},[33,136674,6568],{"class":43},[33,136676,91],{"class":79},[33,136678,8813],{"class":83},[33,136680,80],{"class":79},[33,136682,6553],{"class":47},[33,136684,136685,136687,136689,136691,136694,136696],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136686,8227],{"class":156},[33,136688,133],{"class":47},[33,136690,80],{"class":79},[33,136692,136693],{"class":83},"You typed yes",[33,136695,80],{"class":79},[33,136697,143],{"class":47},[33,136699,136700,136702],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,136701,27586],{"class":4046},[33,136703,6553],{"class":47},[33,136705,136706,136708,136710,136712,136715,136717],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,136707,8227],{"class":156},[33,136709,133],{"class":47},[33,136711,80],{"class":79},[33,136713,136714],{"class":83},"You typed something else",[33,136716,80],{"class":79},[33,136718,143],{"class":47},[18,136720,136722],{"id":136721},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136724,136725,136727],{},[30,136726,124061],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136729,7502],{},[316,136731,136732,136735,136738,136741],{},[319,136733,136734],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[319,136736,136737],{},"Make text matching easier",[319,136739,136740],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[319,136742,136743],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136745,136746],{},"Example: checking user input",[23,136748,136750],{"className":25,"code":136749,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[30,136751,136752,136770,136774,136796,136811,136817],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136753,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136755,45112],{"class":39},[33,136757,44],{"class":43},[33,136759,8400],{"class":156},[33,136761,133],{"class":47},[33,136763,80],{"class":79},[33,136765,45123],{"class":83},[33,136767,80],{"class":79},[33,136769,143],{"class":47},[33,136771,136772],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136773,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136775,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136777,7156],{"class":4046},[33,136779,36008],{"class":39},[33,136781,310],{"class":47},[33,136783,8796],{"class":162},[33,136785,1360],{"class":47},[33,136787,6568],{"class":43},[33,136789,91],{"class":79},[33,136791,13263],{"class":83},[33,136793,80],{"class":79},[33,136795,6553],{"class":47},[33,136797,136798,136800,136802,136804,136807,136809],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136799,8227],{"class":156},[33,136801,133],{"class":47},[33,136803,80],{"class":79},[33,136805,136806],{"class":83},"Nice choice!",[33,136808,80],{"class":79},[33,136810,143],{"class":47},[33,136812,136813,136815],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,136814,27586],{"class":4046},[33,136816,6553],{"class":47},[33,136818,136819,136821,136823,136825,136828,136830],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,136820,8227],{"class":156},[33,136822,133],{"class":47},[33,136824,80],{"class":79},[33,136826,136827],{"class":83},"Got it.",[33,136829,80],{"class":79},[33,136831,143],{"class":47},[14,136833,136834],{},"Example: simple search",[23,136836,136838],{"className":25,"code":136837,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[30,136839,136840,136853,136857,136878],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136841,136842,136844,136846,136848,136851],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136843,89983],{"class":39},[33,136845,44],{"class":43},[33,136847,91],{"class":79},[33,136849,136850],{"class":83},"Python Is Fun",[33,136852,3532],{"class":79},[33,136854,136855],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136856,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136858,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136872,136874,136876],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136860,7156],{"class":4046},[33,136862,91],{"class":79},[33,136864,27],{"class":83},[33,136866,80],{"class":79},[33,136868,21327],{"class":43},[33,136870,136871],{"class":39}," message",[33,136873,310],{"class":47},[33,136875,8796],{"class":162},[33,136877,21749],{"class":47},[33,136879,136880,136882,136884,136886,136889,136891],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136881,8227],{"class":156},[33,136883,133],{"class":47},[33,136885,80],{"class":79},[33,136887,136888],{"class":83},"Found it",[33,136890,80],{"class":79},[33,136892,143],{"class":47},[14,136894,136895,136896,136898,136899,3061],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[30,136897,124061],{}," is often used with ",[273,136900,136902],{"href":136901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[30,136903,41806],{},[23,136905,136907],{"className":25,"code":136906,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[30,136908,136909,136922,136941,136945],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136910,136911,136913,136915,136917,136920],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136912,8034],{"class":39},[33,136914,44],{"class":43},[33,136916,91],{"class":79},[33,136918,136919],{"class":83},"  ALICE  ",[33,136921,3532],{"class":79},[33,136923,136924,136927,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,136925,136926],{"class":39},"clean_name ",[33,136928,44],{"class":43},[33,136930,36147],{"class":39},[33,136932,310],{"class":47},[33,136934,8790],{"class":162},[33,136936,8793],{"class":47},[33,136938,8796],{"class":162},[33,136940,1671],{"class":47},[33,136942,136943],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,136944,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,136946,136947,136949,136951,136954,136956],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,136948,157],{"class":156},[33,136950,133],{"class":47},[33,136952,136953],{"class":162},"clean_name",[33,136955,3831],{"class":47},[33,136957,136958],{"class":1308},"  # alice\n",[18,136960,15748],{"id":15747},[14,136962,136963,136964,136967],{},"Strings are ",[205,136965,136966],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136969,136970,136971,136973],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[30,136972,124061],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136975,136976,136977,136979],{},"So this does ",[205,136978,4796],{}," update the original variable:",[23,136981,136983],{"className":25,"code":136982,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[30,136984,136985,136997,137007,137011],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,136986,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,136988,34843],{"class":39},[33,136990,44],{"class":43},[33,136992,91],{"class":79},[33,136994,136355],{"class":83},[33,136996,3532],{"class":79},[33,136998,136999,137001,137003,137005],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137000,34864],{"class":39},[33,137002,310],{"class":47},[33,137004,8796],{"class":162},[33,137006,1671],{"class":47},[33,137008,137009],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137010,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137012,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137014,157],{"class":156},[33,137016,133],{"class":47},[33,137018,34864],{"class":162},[33,137020,3831],{"class":47},[33,137022,137023],{"class":1308},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137025,137026],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[23,137028,137030],{"className":25,"code":137029,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[30,137031,137032,137044,137058,137062],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137033,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137035,34843],{"class":39},[33,137037,44],{"class":43},[33,137039,91],{"class":79},[33,137041,136355],{"class":83},[33,137043,3532],{"class":79},[33,137045,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137047,34843],{"class":39},[33,137049,44],{"class":43},[33,137051,42995],{"class":39},[33,137053,310],{"class":47},[33,137055,8796],{"class":162},[33,137057,1671],{"class":47},[33,137059,137060],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137061,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137063,137064,137066,137068,137070,137072],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137065,157],{"class":156},[33,137067,133],{"class":47},[33,137069,34864],{"class":162},[33,137071,3831],{"class":47},[33,137073,136367],{"class":1308},[18,137075,3006],{"id":3005},[664,137077,25841],{"id":25840},[14,137079,137080,137081,1361,137083,310],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[30,137082,8796],{},[30,137084,124061],{},[14,137086,16796],{},[23,137088,137090],{"className":25,"code":137089,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[30,137091,137092,137104],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137095,34843],{"class":39},[33,137097,44],{"class":43},[33,137099,91],{"class":79},[33,137101,136355],{"class":83},[33,137103,3532],{"class":79},[33,137105,137106,137108,137110,137112,137114,137116],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137107,157],{"class":156},[33,137109,133],{"class":47},[33,137111,34864],{"class":162},[33,137113,310],{"class":47},[33,137115,8796],{"class":24904},[33,137117,143],{"class":47},[14,137119,137120],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137122,16808],{},[23,137124,137126],{"className":25,"code":137125,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[30,137127,137128,137140],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137131,34843],{"class":39},[33,137133,44],{"class":43},[33,137135,91],{"class":79},[33,137137,136355],{"class":83},[33,137139,3532],{"class":79},[33,137141,137142,137144,137146,137148,137150,137152],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137143,157],{"class":156},[33,137145,133],{"class":47},[33,137147,34864],{"class":162},[33,137149,310],{"class":47},[33,137151,8796],{"class":162},[33,137153,7353],{"class":47},[664,137155,137157],{"id":137156},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137159,137160],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137162,16796],{},[23,137164,137166],{"className":25,"code":137165,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[30,137167,137168,137180,137190],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137169,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137171,34843],{"class":39},[33,137173,44],{"class":43},[33,137175,91],{"class":79},[33,137177,136355],{"class":83},[33,137179,3532],{"class":79},[33,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137183,34864],{"class":39},[33,137185,310],{"class":47},[33,137187,8796],{"class":162},[33,137189,1671],{"class":47},[33,137191,137192,137194,137196,137198,137200],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137193,157],{"class":156},[33,137195,133],{"class":47},[33,137197,34864],{"class":162},[33,137199,3831],{"class":47},[33,137201,137202],{"class":1308},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137204,16808],{},[23,137206,137208],{"className":25,"code":137207,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[30,137209,137210,137222,137236],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137211,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137213,34843],{"class":39},[33,137215,44],{"class":43},[33,137217,91],{"class":79},[33,137219,136355],{"class":83},[33,137221,3532],{"class":79},[33,137223,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137225,34843],{"class":39},[33,137227,44],{"class":43},[33,137229,42995],{"class":39},[33,137231,310],{"class":47},[33,137233,8796],{"class":162},[33,137235,1671],{"class":47},[33,137237,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137239,157],{"class":156},[33,137241,133],{"class":47},[33,137243,34864],{"class":162},[33,137245,3831],{"class":47},[33,137247,136367],{"class":1308},[664,137249,1357,137251,137253],{"id":137250},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[30,137252,124061],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137255,137256,137258],{},[30,137257,124061],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137260,16796],{},[23,137262,137264],{"className":25,"code":137263,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[30,137265,137266,137274],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137267,137268,137270,137272],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137269,2394],{"class":39},[33,137271,44],{"class":43},[33,137273,125013],{"class":51},[33,137275,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137277,157],{"class":156},[33,137279,133],{"class":47},[33,137281,2416],{"class":162},[33,137283,310],{"class":47},[33,137285,8796],{"class":162},[33,137287,7353],{"class":47},[14,137289,137290,137291,33756],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[30,137292,124061],{},[14,137294,137295],{},"You can check the type first:",[23,137297,137299],{"className":25,"code":137298,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[30,137300,137301,137313,137317,137331],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137302,137303,137305,137307,137309,137311],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137304,34843],{"class":39},[33,137306,44],{"class":43},[33,137308,91],{"class":79},[33,137310,136355],{"class":83},[33,137312,3532],{"class":79},[33,137314,137315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137316,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137318,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137320,157],{"class":156},[33,137322,133],{"class":47},[33,137324,1406],{"class":129},[33,137326,133],{"class":47},[33,137328,34864],{"class":162},[33,137330,733],{"class":47},[33,137332,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341,137343],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137334,157],{"class":156},[33,137336,133],{"class":47},[33,137338,34864],{"class":162},[33,137340,310],{"class":47},[33,137342,8796],{"class":162},[33,137344,7353],{"class":47},[664,137346,137348],{"id":137347},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137350,137351],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[23,137353,137355],{"className":25,"code":137354,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[30,137356,137357,137370,137374,137391,137406,137412],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137368],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137360,136574],{"class":39},[33,137362,44],{"class":43},[33,137364,91],{"class":79},[33,137366,137367],{"class":83},"Yes",[33,137369,3532],{"class":79},[33,137371,137372],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137373,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137375,137376,137378,137381,137383,137385,137387,137389],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137377,7156],{"class":4046},[33,137379,137380],{"class":39}," answer ",[33,137382,4854],{"class":43},[33,137384,91],{"class":79},[33,137386,8813],{"class":83},[33,137388,80],{"class":79},[33,137390,6553],{"class":47},[33,137392,137393,137395,137397,137399,137402,137404],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137394,8227],{"class":156},[33,137396,133],{"class":47},[33,137398,80],{"class":79},[33,137400,137401],{"class":83},"Match",[33,137403,80],{"class":79},[33,137405,143],{"class":47},[33,137407,137408,137410],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,137409,27586],{"class":4046},[33,137411,6553],{"class":47},[33,137413,137414,137416,137418,137420,137423,137425],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,137415,8227],{"class":156},[33,137417,133],{"class":47},[33,137419,80],{"class":79},[33,137421,137422],{"class":83},"No match",[33,137424,80],{"class":79},[33,137426,143],{"class":47},[14,137428,29214,137429,2030,137432,137435,137436,310],{},[30,137430,137431],{},"\"Yes\"",[30,137433,137434],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[30,137437,137422],{},[14,137439,137440],{},"Better:",[23,137442,137444],{"className":25,"code":137443,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[30,137445,137446,137458,137462,137484],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137447,137448,137450,137452,137454,137456],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137449,136574],{"class":39},[33,137451,44],{"class":43},[33,137453,91],{"class":79},[33,137455,137367],{"class":83},[33,137457,3532],{"class":79},[33,137459,137460],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137461,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137463,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478,137480,137482],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137465,7156],{"class":4046},[33,137467,136594],{"class":39},[33,137469,310],{"class":47},[33,137471,8796],{"class":162},[33,137473,1360],{"class":47},[33,137475,6568],{"class":43},[33,137477,91],{"class":79},[33,137479,8813],{"class":83},[33,137481,80],{"class":79},[33,137483,6553],{"class":47},[33,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137487,8227],{"class":156},[33,137489,133],{"class":47},[33,137491,80],{"class":79},[33,137493,137401],{"class":83},[33,137495,80],{"class":79},[33,137497,143],{"class":47},[664,137499,44366,137501,137504],{"id":137500},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[30,137502,137503],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137506,137507,137508,137510],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[30,137509,124061],{}," is enough.",[14,137512,137513,137514,137516,137517,310],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[30,137515,137503],{}," can be stronger than ",[30,137518,124061],{},[14,137520,137521,137522,122573],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[30,137523,124061],{},[18,137525,137527,10739,137529],{"id":137526},"lower-vs-upper",[30,137528,124061],{},[30,137530,128209],{},[14,137532,137533,2030,137535,137537],{},[30,137534,124061],{},[30,137536,128209],{}," are very similar.",[316,137539,137540,137545,137550,137553],{},[319,137541,137542,137544],{},[30,137543,124061],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[319,137546,137547,137549],{},[30,137548,128209],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[319,137551,137552],{},"Both return new strings",[319,137554,137555],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137557,367],{},[23,137559,137561],{"className":25,"code":137560,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[30,137562,137563,137575,137579,137595],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137564,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137566,34843],{"class":39},[33,137568,44],{"class":43},[33,137570,91],{"class":79},[33,137572,129050],{"class":83},[33,137574,3532],{"class":79},[33,137576,137577],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137578,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,137580,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137582,157],{"class":156},[33,137584,133],{"class":47},[33,137586,34864],{"class":162},[33,137588,310],{"class":47},[33,137590,8796],{"class":162},[33,137592,136364],{"class":47},[33,137594,136262],{"class":1308},[33,137596,137597,137599,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,137598,157],{"class":156},[33,137600,133],{"class":47},[33,137602,34864],{"class":162},[33,137604,310],{"class":47},[33,137606,34633],{"class":162},[33,137608,136364],{"class":47},[33,137610,137611],{"class":1308},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137613,137614,137615,310],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[273,137616,126331,137618,887],{"href":137617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[30,137619,128209],{},[18,137621,1961],{"id":1960},[664,137623,12857,137625,124658],{"id":137624},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[30,137626,124061],{},[14,137628,137629],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[664,137631,12857,137633,137635],{"id":137632},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[30,137634,124061],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137637,137638,137639,310],{},"No. The method is called as ",[30,137640,137641],{},"string.lower()",[664,137643,2007,137645,12869],{"id":137644},"what-does-lower-return",[30,137646,124061],{},[14,137648,137649],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[664,137651,28481,137653,137655],{"id":137652},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[30,137654,124061],{}," on user input?",[14,137657,137658,137659,137661],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[30,137660,3134],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[664,137663,2027,137665,2030,137667,2033],{"id":137664},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[30,137666,124061],{},[30,137668,137503],{},[14,137670,137671,137673,137674,137676],{},[30,137672,124061],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[30,137675,137503],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[18,137678,2045],{"id":2044},[316,137680,137681,137685,137691,137697,137703,137707,137711,137717],{},[319,137682,137683],{},[273,137684,51130],{"href":51129},[319,137686,137687],{},[273,137688,126331,137689,887],{"href":137617},[30,137690,128209],{},[319,137692,137693],{},[273,137694,126331,137695,887],{"href":136901},[30,137696,41806],{},[319,137698,137699],{},[273,137700,126331,137701,887],{"href":129912},[30,137702,124502],{},[319,137704,137705],{},[273,137706,124730],{"href":123586},[319,137708,137709],{},[273,137710,90659],{"href":89668},[319,137712,137713],{},[273,137714,2076,137715,3683],{"href":8377},[30,137716,3134],{},[319,137718,137719],{},[273,137720,137721],{"href":136302},"What is a string in Python?",[2097,137723,137724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":137726},[137727,137729,137730,137731,137732,137733,137734,137743,137745,137757],{"id":136272,"depth":69,"text":137728},"What lower() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":136721,"depth":69,"text":136722},{"id":15747,"depth":69,"text":15748},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":137735},[137736,137737,137738,137740,137741],{"id":25840,"depth":110,"text":25841},{"id":137156,"depth":110,"text":137157},{"id":137250,"depth":110,"text":137739},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137347,"depth":110,"text":137348},{"id":137500,"depth":110,"text":137742},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137526,"depth":69,"text":137744},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":137746},[137747,137749,137751,137753,137755],{"id":137624,"depth":110,"text":137748},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137632,"depth":110,"text":137750},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137644,"depth":110,"text":137752},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137652,"depth":110,"text":137754},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137664,"depth":110,"text":137756},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136189,"description":137758},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137765,"title":137766,"body":137767,"description":139317,"extension":2138,"meta":139318,"navigation":149,"path":139319,"seo":139320,"stem":139321,"__hash__":139322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137768,"toc":139278},[137769,137774,137779,137785,137800,137802,137862,137864,137873,137879,137884,137889,137891,137905,137909,137911,137958,137960,137978,137980,137983,138054,138056,138070,138073,138085,138094,138098,138103,138108,138112,138178,138180,138189,138193,138258,138260,138269,138272,138277,138281,138286,138290,138351,138353,138362,138366,138369,138425,138427,138436,138439,138452,138454,138458,138465,138527,138529,138542,138548,138551,138558,138563,138568,138571,138579,138581,138642,138644,138653,138656,138703,138706,138753,138755,138760,138777,138784,138789,138842,138844,138852,138854,138911,138913,138921,138925,138972,138974,138982,138990,138994,139042,139044,139053,139058,139109,139111,139120,139127,139130,139151,139153,139158,139161,139165,139168,139172,139175,139202,139208,139211,139238,139243,139245,139247,139275],[10,137770,123331,137772,2059],{"id":137771},"python-string-replace-method",[30,137773,124502],{},[14,137775,123336,137776,137778],{},[30,137777,124502],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137780,137781,137782,137784],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[30,137783,124502],{},". You will learn:",[316,137786,137787,137791,137794,137797],{},[319,137788,1907,137789,3851],{},[30,137790,124502],{},[319,137792,137793],{},"how its syntax works",[319,137795,137796],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[319,137798,137799],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[18,137801,2180],{"id":2179},[23,137803,137805],{"className":25,"code":137804,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[30,137806,137807,137820,137852],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137808,137809,137811,137813,137815,137818],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137810,34843],{"class":39},[33,137812,44],{"class":43},[33,137814,91],{"class":79},[33,137816,137817],{"class":83},"I like cats",[33,137819,3532],{"class":79},[33,137821,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137839,137841,137843,137845,137848,137850],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137823,130170],{"class":39},[33,137825,44],{"class":43},[33,137827,42995],{"class":39},[33,137829,310],{"class":47},[33,137831,35155],{"class":162},[33,137833,133],{"class":47},[33,137835,80],{"class":79},[33,137837,137838],{"class":83},"cats",[33,137840,80],{"class":79},[33,137842,55],{"class":47},[33,137844,91],{"class":79},[33,137846,137847],{"class":83},"dogs",[33,137849,80],{"class":79},[33,137851,143],{"class":47},[33,137853,137854,137856,137858,137860],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,137855,157],{"class":156},[33,137857,133],{"class":47},[33,137859,130201],{"class":162},[33,137861,143],{"class":47},[14,137863,207],{},[23,137865,137867],{"className":25,"code":137866,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"I like dogs\n",[30,137868,137869],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137870,137871],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137872,137866],{"class":39},[14,137874,672,137875,137878],{},[30,137876,137877],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[18,137880,3848,137882,3851],{"id":137881},"what-replace-does",[30,137883,124502],{},[14,137885,137886,137888],{},[30,137887,124502],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137890,13205],{},[316,137892,137893,137895,137897,137900],{},[319,137894,133579],{},[319,137896,136297],{},[319,137898,137899],{},"It works on exact matches",[319,137901,137902,137903],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[30,137904,41413],{},[14,137906,125083,137907,310],{},[273,137908,125086],{"href":51129},[18,137910,5592],{"id":5591},[23,137912,137914],{"className":25,"code":137913,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[30,137915,137916,137936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137917,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137929,137931,137934],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137919,61149],{"class":39},[33,137921,310],{"class":47},[33,137923,35155],{"class":162},[33,137925,133],{"class":47},[33,137927,137928],{"class":162},"old",[33,137930,55],{"class":47},[33,137932,137933],{"class":162}," new",[33,137935,143],{"class":47},[33,137937,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,137939,61149],{"class":39},[33,137941,310],{"class":47},[33,137943,35155],{"class":162},[33,137945,133],{"class":47},[33,137947,137928],{"class":162},[33,137949,55],{"class":47},[33,137951,137933],{"class":162},[33,137953,55],{"class":47},[33,137955,49755],{"class":162},[33,137957,143],{"class":47},[664,137959,17547],{"id":17546},[316,137961,137962,137967,137973],{},[319,137963,137964,137966],{},[30,137965,137928],{}," = the text to find",[319,137968,137969,137972],{},[30,137970,137971],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[319,137974,137975,137977],{},[30,137976,41413],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[18,137979,5946],{"id":5945},[14,137981,137982],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[23,137984,137986],{"className":25,"code":137985,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[30,137987,137988,138000,138030,138034,138044],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,137989,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,137991,34843],{"class":39},[33,137993,44],{"class":43},[33,137995,91],{"class":79},[33,137997,137817],{"class":83},[33,137999,3532],{"class":79},[33,138001,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138003,130170],{"class":39},[33,138005,44],{"class":43},[33,138007,42995],{"class":39},[33,138009,310],{"class":47},[33,138011,35155],{"class":162},[33,138013,133],{"class":47},[33,138015,80],{"class":79},[33,138017,137838],{"class":83},[33,138019,80],{"class":79},[33,138021,55],{"class":47},[33,138023,91],{"class":79},[33,138025,137847],{"class":83},[33,138027,80],{"class":79},[33,138029,143],{"class":47},[33,138031,138032],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138033,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138035,138036,138038,138040,138042],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138037,157],{"class":156},[33,138039,133],{"class":47},[33,138041,34864],{"class":162},[33,138043,143],{"class":47},[33,138045,138046,138048,138050,138052],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,138047,157],{"class":156},[33,138049,133],{"class":47},[33,138051,130201],{"class":162},[33,138053,143],{"class":47},[14,138055,207],{},[23,138057,138059],{"className":25,"code":138058,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[30,138060,138061,138066],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138062,138063],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138064,138065],{"class":39},"I like cats\n",[33,138067,138068],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138069,137866],{"class":39},[14,138071,138072],{},"Notice what happened:",[316,138074,138075,138080],{},[319,138076,138077,138079],{},[30,138078,34864],{}," did not change",[319,138081,138082,138084],{},[30,138083,130201],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138086,138087,138088,138090,138091,138093],{},"This happens because strings are ",[205,138089,136966],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[30,138092,124502],{}," return a new string instead.",[18,138095,138097],{"id":138096},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138099,89677,138100,138102],{},[30,138101,124502],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138104,138105,138106,36775],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[30,138107,41413],{},[664,138109,138111],{"id":138110},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[23,138113,138115],{"className":25,"code":138114,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138116,138117,138130,138164,138168],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138118,138119,138121,138123,138125,138128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138120,34843],{"class":39},[33,138122,44],{"class":43},[33,138124,91],{"class":79},[33,138126,138127],{"class":83},"cat cat cat",[33,138129,3532],{"class":79},[33,138131,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138133,1506],{"class":39},[33,138135,44],{"class":43},[33,138137,42995],{"class":39},[33,138139,310],{"class":47},[33,138141,35155],{"class":162},[33,138143,133],{"class":47},[33,138145,80],{"class":79},[33,138147,37201],{"class":83},[33,138149,80],{"class":79},[33,138151,55],{"class":47},[33,138153,91],{"class":79},[33,138155,58271],{"class":83},[33,138157,80],{"class":79},[33,138159,55],{"class":47},[33,138161,1119],{"class":51},[33,138163,143],{"class":47},[33,138165,138166],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138167,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138169,138170,138172,138174,138176],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138171,157],{"class":156},[33,138173,133],{"class":47},[33,138175,1530],{"class":162},[33,138177,143],{"class":47},[14,138179,207],{},[23,138181,138183],{"className":25,"code":138182,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dog cat cat\n",[30,138184,138185],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138186,138187],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138188,138182],{"class":39},[664,138190,138192],{"id":138191},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[23,138194,138196],{"className":25,"code":138195,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138197,138198,138210,138244,138248],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138199,138200,138202,138204,138206,138208],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138201,34843],{"class":39},[33,138203,44],{"class":43},[33,138205,91],{"class":79},[33,138207,138127],{"class":83},[33,138209,3532],{"class":79},[33,138211,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138213,1506],{"class":39},[33,138215,44],{"class":43},[33,138217,42995],{"class":39},[33,138219,310],{"class":47},[33,138221,35155],{"class":162},[33,138223,133],{"class":47},[33,138225,80],{"class":79},[33,138227,37201],{"class":83},[33,138229,80],{"class":79},[33,138231,55],{"class":47},[33,138233,91],{"class":79},[33,138235,58271],{"class":83},[33,138237,80],{"class":79},[33,138239,55],{"class":47},[33,138241,58],{"class":51},[33,138243,143],{"class":47},[33,138245,138246],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138247,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138249,138250,138252,138254,138256],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138251,157],{"class":156},[33,138253,133],{"class":47},[33,138255,1530],{"class":162},[33,138257,143],{"class":47},[14,138259,207],{},[23,138261,138263],{"className":25,"code":138262,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"dog dog cat\n",[30,138264,138265],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138266,138267],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138268,138262],{"class":39},[14,138270,138271],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138273,138274,138275,310],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[273,138276,128055],{"href":124499},[18,138278,138280],{"id":138279},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138282,138283,138285],{},[30,138284,124502],{}," can also change single characters.",[664,138287,138289],{"id":138288},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[23,138291,138293],{"className":25,"code":138292,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138294,138295,138307,138337,138341],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138296,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138298,34843],{"class":39},[33,138300,44],{"class":43},[33,138302,91],{"class":79},[33,138304,4255],{"class":83},[33,138306,3532],{"class":79},[33,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333,138335],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138310,1506],{"class":39},[33,138312,44],{"class":43},[33,138314,42995],{"class":39},[33,138316,310],{"class":47},[33,138318,35155],{"class":162},[33,138320,133],{"class":47},[33,138322,80],{"class":79},[33,138324,273],{"class":83},[33,138326,80],{"class":79},[33,138328,55],{"class":47},[33,138330,91],{"class":79},[33,138332,1585],{"class":83},[33,138334,80],{"class":79},[33,138336,143],{"class":47},[33,138338,138339],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138340,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138342,138343,138345,138347,138349],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138344,157],{"class":156},[33,138346,133],{"class":47},[33,138348,1530],{"class":162},[33,138350,143],{"class":47},[14,138352,207],{},[23,138354,138356],{"className":25,"code":138355,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"bonono\n",[30,138357,138358],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138359,138360],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138361,138355],{"class":39},[664,138363,138365],{"id":138364},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138367,138368],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[23,138370,138372],{"className":25,"code":138371,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138373,138374,138387,138411,138415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138375,138376,138378,138380,138382,138385],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138377,34843],{"class":39},[33,138379,44],{"class":43},[33,138381,91],{"class":79},[33,138383,138384],{"class":83},"a b c",[33,138386,3532],{"class":79},[33,138388,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138390,1506],{"class":39},[33,138392,44],{"class":43},[33,138394,42995],{"class":39},[33,138396,310],{"class":47},[33,138398,35155],{"class":162},[33,138400,133],{"class":47},[33,138402,80],{"class":79},[33,138404,91],{"class":79},[33,138406,55],{"class":47},[33,138408,6285],{"class":79},[33,138410,143],{"class":47},[33,138412,138413],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138414,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138416,138417,138419,138421,138423],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138418,157],{"class":156},[33,138420,133],{"class":47},[33,138422,1530],{"class":162},[33,138424,143],{"class":47},[14,138426,207],{},[23,138428,138430],{"className":25,"code":138429,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"abc\n",[30,138431,138432],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138433,138434],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138435,138429],{"class":39},[14,138437,138438],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138440,138441,138442,138446,138447,138451],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[273,138443,126331,138444,887],{"href":129018},[30,138445,1644],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[273,138448,126331,138449,887],{"href":136901},[30,138450,41806],{}," is often a better choice.",[18,138453,123978],{"id":123977},[14,138455,138456,123789],{},[30,138457,124502],{},[14,138459,127376,138460,2030,138462,127383],{},[30,138461,113015],{},[30,138463,138464],{},"\"Cat\"",[23,138466,138468],{"className":25,"code":138467,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138469,138470,138483,138513,138517],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138481],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138473,34843],{"class":39},[33,138475,44],{"class":43},[33,138477,91],{"class":79},[33,138479,138480],{"class":83},"Cat cat CAT",[33,138482,3532],{"class":79},[33,138484,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138486,1506],{"class":39},[33,138488,44],{"class":43},[33,138490,42995],{"class":39},[33,138492,310],{"class":47},[33,138494,35155],{"class":162},[33,138496,133],{"class":47},[33,138498,80],{"class":79},[33,138500,37201],{"class":83},[33,138502,80],{"class":79},[33,138504,55],{"class":47},[33,138506,91],{"class":79},[33,138508,58271],{"class":83},[33,138510,80],{"class":79},[33,138512,143],{"class":47},[33,138514,138515],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138516,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138518,138519,138521,138523,138525],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138520,157],{"class":156},[33,138522,133],{"class":47},[33,138524,1530],{"class":162},[33,138526,143],{"class":47},[14,138528,207],{},[23,138530,138532],{"className":25,"code":138531,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Cat dog CAT\n",[30,138533,138534],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138535,138536,138539],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138537,138538],{"class":39},"Cat dog ",[33,138540,138541],{"class":34609},"CAT\n",[14,138543,138544,138545,138547],{},"Only the lowercase ",[30,138546,113015],{}," was replaced.",[14,138549,138550],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138552,138553,138554,310],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[273,138555,126331,138556,887],{"href":124058},[30,138557,124061],{},[18,138559,3848,138561,11858],{"id":138560},"what-replace-returns",[30,138562,124502],{},[14,138564,138565,138567],{},[30,138566,124502],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138569,138570],{},"If no match is found:",[316,138572,138573,138576],{},[319,138574,138575],{},"no error happens",[319,138577,138578],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138580,367],{},[23,138582,138584],{"className":25,"code":138583,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,138585,138586,138598,138628,138632],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138587,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138589,34843],{"class":39},[33,138591,44],{"class":43},[33,138593,91],{"class":79},[33,138595,545],{"class":83},[33,138597,3532],{"class":79},[33,138599,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138601,1506],{"class":39},[33,138603,44],{"class":43},[33,138605,42995],{"class":39},[33,138607,310],{"class":47},[33,138609,35155],{"class":162},[33,138611,133],{"class":47},[33,138613,80],{"class":79},[33,138615,2351],{"class":83},[33,138617,80],{"class":79},[33,138619,55],{"class":47},[33,138621,91],{"class":79},[33,138623,11898],{"class":83},[33,138625,80],{"class":79},[33,138627,143],{"class":47},[33,138629,138630],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138631,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,138633,138634,138636,138638,138640],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,138635,157],{"class":156},[33,138637,133],{"class":47},[33,138639,1530],{"class":162},[33,138641,143],{"class":47},[14,138643,207],{},[23,138645,138647],{"className":25,"code":138646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"hello\n",[30,138648,138649],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138650,138651],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138652,138646],{"class":39},[14,138654,138655],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[23,138657,138659],{"className":25,"code":138658,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[30,138660,138661,138673],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138662,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138664,34843],{"class":39},[33,138666,44],{"class":43},[33,138668,91],{"class":79},[33,138670,1517],{"class":83},[33,138672,3532],{"class":79},[33,138674,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138676,130170],{"class":39},[33,138678,44],{"class":43},[33,138680,42995],{"class":39},[33,138682,310],{"class":47},[33,138684,35155],{"class":162},[33,138686,133],{"class":47},[33,138688,80],{"class":79},[33,138690,1708],{"class":83},[33,138692,80],{"class":79},[33,138694,55],{"class":47},[33,138696,91],{"class":79},[33,138698,7456],{"class":83},[33,138700,80],{"class":79},[33,138702,143],{"class":47},[14,138704,138705],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[23,138707,138709],{"className":25,"code":138708,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[30,138710,138711,138723],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138712,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138714,34843],{"class":39},[33,138716,44],{"class":43},[33,138718,91],{"class":79},[33,138720,1517],{"class":83},[33,138722,3532],{"class":79},[33,138724,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138726,34843],{"class":39},[33,138728,44],{"class":43},[33,138730,42995],{"class":39},[33,138732,310],{"class":47},[33,138734,35155],{"class":162},[33,138736,133],{"class":47},[33,138738,80],{"class":79},[33,138740,1708],{"class":83},[33,138742,80],{"class":79},[33,138744,55],{"class":47},[33,138746,91],{"class":79},[33,138748,7456],{"class":83},[33,138750,80],{"class":79},[33,138752,143],{"class":47},[18,138754,1288],{"id":1287},[14,138756,138757,138758,3061],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[30,138759,124502],{},[316,138761,138762,138765,138769,138772],{},[319,138763,138764],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[319,138766,1487,138767,131551],{},[30,138768,124502],{},[319,138770,138771],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[319,138773,37358,138774,138776],{},[30,138775,124502],{}," with regex-based replacements",[664,138778,138780,138781,138783],{"id":138779},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[30,138782,124502],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138785,138786,138787,3061],{},"This does not update ",[30,138788,34864],{},[23,138790,138792],{"className":25,"code":138791,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,138793,138794,138806,138832],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138797,34843],{"class":39},[33,138799,44],{"class":43},[33,138801,91],{"class":79},[33,138803,137817],{"class":83},[33,138805,3532],{"class":79},[33,138807,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138809,34864],{"class":39},[33,138811,310],{"class":47},[33,138813,35155],{"class":162},[33,138815,133],{"class":47},[33,138817,80],{"class":79},[33,138819,137838],{"class":83},[33,138821,80],{"class":79},[33,138823,55],{"class":47},[33,138825,91],{"class":79},[33,138827,137847],{"class":83},[33,138829,80],{"class":79},[33,138831,143],{"class":47},[33,138833,138834,138836,138838,138840],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138835,157],{"class":156},[33,138837,133],{"class":47},[33,138839,34864],{"class":162},[33,138841,143],{"class":47},[14,138843,207],{},[23,138845,138846],{"className":25,"code":138065,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,138847,138848],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138849,138850],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138851,138065],{"class":39},[14,138853,1328],{},[23,138855,138857],{"className":25,"code":138856,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[30,138858,138859,138871,138901],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138860,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138862,34843],{"class":39},[33,138864,44],{"class":43},[33,138866,91],{"class":79},[33,138868,137817],{"class":83},[33,138870,3532],{"class":79},[33,138872,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138874,34843],{"class":39},[33,138876,44],{"class":43},[33,138878,42995],{"class":39},[33,138880,310],{"class":47},[33,138882,35155],{"class":162},[33,138884,133],{"class":47},[33,138886,80],{"class":79},[33,138888,137838],{"class":83},[33,138890,80],{"class":79},[33,138892,55],{"class":47},[33,138894,91],{"class":79},[33,138896,137847],{"class":83},[33,138898,80],{"class":79},[33,138900,143],{"class":47},[33,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,138904,157],{"class":156},[33,138906,133],{"class":47},[33,138908,34864],{"class":162},[33,138910,143],{"class":47},[14,138912,207],{},[23,138914,138915],{"className":25,"code":137866,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,138916,138917],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138918,138919],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138920,137866],{"class":39},[664,138922,138924],{"id":138923},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[23,138926,138928],{"className":25,"code":138927,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[30,138929,138930,138942],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138931,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138933,34843],{"class":39},[33,138935,44],{"class":43},[33,138937,91],{"class":79},[33,138939,35023],{"class":83},[33,138941,3532],{"class":79},[33,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,138945,157],{"class":156},[33,138947,133],{"class":47},[33,138949,34864],{"class":162},[33,138951,310],{"class":47},[33,138953,35155],{"class":162},[33,138955,133],{"class":47},[33,138957,80],{"class":79},[33,138959,545],{"class":83},[33,138961,80],{"class":79},[33,138963,55],{"class":47},[33,138965,91],{"class":79},[33,138967,89912],{"class":83},[33,138969,80],{"class":79},[33,138971,733],{"class":47},[14,138973,207],{},[23,138975,138976],{"className":25,"code":88925,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,138977,138978],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,138979,138980],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,138981,88925],{"class":39},[14,138983,138984,138985,2030,138987,138989],{},"Nothing changed because ",[30,138986,64510],{},[30,138988,90394],{}," are not the same.",[664,138991,138993],{"id":138992},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[23,138995,138997],{"className":25,"code":138996,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[30,138998,138999,139012],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139000,139001,139003,139005,139007,139010],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139002,34843],{"class":39},[33,139004,44],{"class":43},[33,139006,91],{"class":79},[33,139008,139009],{"class":83},"red red red",[33,139011,3532],{"class":79},[33,139013,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139015,157],{"class":156},[33,139017,133],{"class":47},[33,139019,34864],{"class":162},[33,139021,310],{"class":47},[33,139023,35155],{"class":162},[33,139025,133],{"class":47},[33,139027,80],{"class":79},[33,139029,13246],{"class":83},[33,139031,80],{"class":79},[33,139033,55],{"class":47},[33,139035,91],{"class":79},[33,139037,13263],{"class":83},[33,139039,80],{"class":79},[33,139041,733],{"class":47},[14,139043,207],{},[23,139045,139047],{"className":25,"code":139046,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"blue blue blue\n",[30,139048,139049],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139050,139051],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139052,139046],{"class":39},[14,139054,139055,139056,3061],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[30,139057,41413],{},[23,139059,139061],{"className":25,"code":139060,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[30,139062,139063,139075],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139066,34843],{"class":39},[33,139068,44],{"class":43},[33,139070,91],{"class":79},[33,139072,139009],{"class":83},[33,139074,3532],{"class":79},[33,139076,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139078,157],{"class":156},[33,139080,133],{"class":47},[33,139082,34864],{"class":162},[33,139084,310],{"class":47},[33,139086,35155],{"class":162},[33,139088,133],{"class":47},[33,139090,80],{"class":79},[33,139092,13246],{"class":83},[33,139094,80],{"class":79},[33,139096,55],{"class":47},[33,139098,91],{"class":79},[33,139100,13263],{"class":83},[33,139102,80],{"class":79},[33,139104,55],{"class":47},[33,139106,1119],{"class":51},[33,139108,733],{"class":47},[14,139110,207],{},[23,139112,139114],{"className":25,"code":139113,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"blue red red\n",[30,139115,139116],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139117,139118],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139119,139113],{"class":39},[664,139121,139123,139124,139126],{"id":139122},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[30,139125,124502],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139128,139129],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[316,139131,139132,139139,139146],{},[319,139133,672,139134,139138],{},[273,139135,139136],{"href":129018},[30,139137,1644],{}," to break a string into a list",[319,139140,672,139141,139145],{},[273,139142,139143],{"href":136901},[30,139144,41806],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[319,139147,672,139148,139150],{},[30,139149,124502],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[18,139152,1961],{"id":1960},[664,139154,12857,139156,124658],{"id":139155},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[30,139157,124502],{},[14,139159,139160],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[664,139162,139164],{"id":139163},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139166,139167],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[664,139169,139171],{"id":139170},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139173,139174],{},"Use the third argument:",[23,139176,139178],{"className":25,"code":139177,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[30,139179,139180],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139181,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139183,34864],{"class":39},[33,139185,310],{"class":47},[33,139187,35155],{"class":162},[33,139189,133],{"class":47},[33,139191,137928],{"class":162},[33,139193,55],{"class":47},[33,139195,137933],{"class":162},[33,139197,55],{"class":47},[33,139199,1119],{"class":51},[33,139201,143],{"class":47},[664,139203,5334,139205,139207],{"id":139204},"can-replace-remove-text",[30,139206,124502],{}," remove text?",[14,139209,139210],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[23,139212,139214],{"className":25,"code":139213,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[30,139215,139216],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139217,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139219,34864],{"class":39},[33,139221,310],{"class":47},[33,139223,35155],{"class":162},[33,139225,133],{"class":47},[33,139227,80],{"class":79},[33,139229,2351],{"class":83},[33,139231,80],{"class":79},[33,139233,55],{"class":47},[33,139235,6285],{"class":79},[33,139237,143],{"class":47},[664,139239,15057,139241,124667],{"id":139240},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[30,139242,124502],{},[14,139244,129860],{},[18,139246,2045],{"id":2044},[316,139248,139249,139253,139259,139265,139271],{},[319,139250,139251],{},[273,139252,124737],{"href":124499},[319,139254,139255],{},[273,139256,126331,139257,887],{"href":129018},[30,139258,1644],{},[319,139260,139261],{},[273,139262,126331,139263,887],{"href":136901},[30,139264,41806],{},[319,139266,139267],{},[273,139268,126331,139269,887],{"href":124058},[30,139270,124061],{},[319,139272,139273],{},[273,139274,125086],{"href":51129},[2097,139276,139277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":139279},[139280,139281,139283,139286,139287,139291,139295,139296,139298,139306,139316],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":137881,"depth":69,"text":139282},"What replace() does",{"id":5591,"depth":69,"text":5592,"children":139284},[139285],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":5945,"depth":69,"text":5946},{"id":138096,"depth":69,"text":138097,"children":139288},[139289,139290],{"id":138110,"depth":110,"text":138111},{"id":138191,"depth":110,"text":138192},{"id":138279,"depth":69,"text":138280,"children":139292},[139293,139294],{"id":138288,"depth":110,"text":138289},{"id":138364,"depth":110,"text":138365},{"id":123977,"depth":69,"text":123978},{"id":138560,"depth":69,"text":139297},"What replace() returns",{"id":1287,"depth":69,"text":1288,"children":139299},[139300,139302,139303,139304],{"id":138779,"depth":110,"text":139301},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138923,"depth":110,"text":138924},{"id":138992,"depth":110,"text":138993},{"id":139122,"depth":110,"text":139305},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":139307},[139308,139310,139311,139312,139314],{"id":139155,"depth":110,"text":139309},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139163,"depth":110,"text":139164},{"id":139170,"depth":110,"text":139171},{"id":139204,"depth":110,"text":139313},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139240,"depth":110,"text":139315},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137766,"description":139317},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139324,"title":139325,"body":139326,"description":141345,"extension":2138,"meta":141346,"navigation":149,"path":141347,"seo":141348,"stem":141349,"__hash__":141350},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139327,"toc":141309},[139328,139333,139338,139341,139352,139354,139409,139414,139419,139426,139428,139443,139445,139501,139503,139541,139546,139548,139572,139575,139588,139593,139595,139627,139629,139662,139668,139673,139676,139686,139689,139691,139747,139749,139799,139802,139810,139813,139869,139871,139944,139957,139965,139969,139980,139983,139986,140039,140041,140073,140076,140130,140132,140167,140170,140175,140180,140185,140188,140190,140248,140250,140284,140286,140301,140304,140306,140348,140350,140376,140381,140389,140392,140394,140476,140478,140529,140532,140543,140551,140553,140626,140628,140646,140650,140653,140657,140684,140686,140694,140698,140733,140735,140748,140752,140755,140794,140796,140813,140818,140823,140834,140837,140848,140850,140852,140878,140881,140930,140932,140949,140952,140954,141006,141008,141040,141043,141101,141106,141108,141113,141216,141218,141232,141234,141241,141246,141251,141256,141261,141266,141269,141273,141278,141280,141306],[10,139329,123331,139331,2059],{"id":139330},"python-string-split-method",[30,139332,1644],{},[14,139334,123336,139335,139337],{},[30,139336,1644],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139339,139340],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[316,139342,139343,139346,139349],{},[319,139344,139345],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[319,139347,139348],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[319,139350,139351],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[18,139353,2180],{"id":2179},[23,139355,139357],{"className":25,"code":139356,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[30,139358,139359,139372,139394,139404],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139360,139361,139363,139365,139367,139370],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139362,34843],{"class":39},[33,139364,44],{"class":43},[33,139366,91],{"class":79},[33,139368,139369],{"class":83},"apple,banana,cherry",[33,139371,3532],{"class":79},[33,139373,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139375,42990],{"class":39},[33,139377,44],{"class":43},[33,139379,42995],{"class":39},[33,139381,310],{"class":47},[33,139383,1668],{"class":162},[33,139385,133],{"class":47},[33,139387,80],{"class":79},[33,139389,55],{"class":83},[33,139391,80],{"class":79},[33,139393,143],{"class":47},[33,139395,139396,139398,139400,139402],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,139397,157],{"class":156},[33,139399,133],{"class":47},[33,139401,43022],{"class":162},[33,139403,143],{"class":47},[33,139405,139406],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,139407,139408],{"class":1308},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139410,672,139411,139413],{},[30,139412,1644],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[18,139415,3848,139417,3851],{"id":139416},"what-split-does",[30,139418,1644],{},[14,139420,139421,132379,139423,310],{},[30,139422,1644],{},[205,139424,139425],{},"string method",[14,139427,49081],{},[316,139429,139430,139433,139438],{},[319,139431,139432],{},"divides a string into parts",[319,139434,119633,139435],{},[205,139436,139437],{},"new list of strings",[319,139439,119639,139440,139442],{},[205,139441,4796],{}," change the original string",[14,139444,367],{},[23,139446,139448],{"className":25,"code":139447,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[30,139449,139450,139463,139477,139481,139491],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139451,139452,139454,139456,139458,139461],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139453,34843],{"class":39},[33,139455,44],{"class":43},[33,139457,91],{"class":79},[33,139459,139460],{"class":83},"red blue green",[33,139462,3532],{"class":79},[33,139464,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139466,42990],{"class":39},[33,139468,44],{"class":43},[33,139470,42995],{"class":39},[33,139472,310],{"class":47},[33,139474,1668],{"class":162},[33,139476,1671],{"class":47},[33,139478,139479],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,139480,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,139482,139483,139485,139487,139489],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,139484,157],{"class":156},[33,139486,133],{"class":47},[33,139488,34864],{"class":162},[33,139490,143],{"class":47},[33,139492,139493,139495,139497,139499],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,139494,157],{"class":156},[33,139496,133],{"class":47},[33,139498,43022],{"class":162},[33,139500,143],{"class":47},[14,139502,207],{},[23,139504,139506],{"className":25,"code":139505,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[30,139507,139508,139513],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139509,139510],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139511,139512],{"class":39},"red blue green\n",[33,139514,139515,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139516,217],{"class":47},[33,139518,236],{"class":79},[33,139520,13246],{"class":83},[33,139522,236],{"class":79},[33,139524,55],{"class":47},[33,139526,245],{"class":79},[33,139528,13263],{"class":83},[33,139530,236],{"class":79},[33,139532,55],{"class":47},[33,139534,245],{"class":79},[33,139536,17608],{"class":83},[33,139538,236],{"class":79},[33,139540,66],{"class":47},[14,139542,139543,139544,310],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[273,139545,125086],{"href":51129},[18,139547,2334],{"id":2333},[23,139549,139551],{"className":25,"code":139550,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[30,139552,139553],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139554,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139570],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139556,61149],{"class":39},[33,139558,310],{"class":47},[33,139560,1668],{"class":162},[33,139562,133],{"class":47},[33,139564,133735],{"class":162},[33,139566,55],{"class":47},[33,139568,139569],{"class":162}," maxsplit",[33,139571,143],{"class":47},[14,139573,139574],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[316,139576,139577,139582],{},[319,139578,139579,139581],{},[30,139580,133735],{}," tells Python where to split",[319,139583,139584,139587],{},[30,139585,139586],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139589,9031,139590,139592],{},[30,139591,133735],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139594,367],{},[23,139596,139598],{"className":25,"code":139597,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[30,139599,139600,139613],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139601,139602,139604,139606,139608,139611],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139603,34843],{"class":39},[33,139605,44],{"class":43},[33,139607,91],{"class":79},[33,139609,139610],{"class":83},"one two three",[33,139612,3532],{"class":79},[33,139614,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139616,157],{"class":156},[33,139618,133],{"class":47},[33,139620,34864],{"class":162},[33,139622,310],{"class":47},[33,139624,1668],{"class":162},[33,139626,7353],{"class":47},[14,139628,207],{},[23,139630,139632],{"className":25,"code":139631,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[30,139633,139634],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139637,217],{"class":47},[33,139639,236],{"class":79},[33,139641,6743],{"class":83},[33,139643,236],{"class":79},[33,139645,55],{"class":47},[33,139647,245],{"class":79},[33,139649,79247],{"class":83},[33,139651,236],{"class":79},[33,139653,55],{"class":47},[33,139655,245],{"class":79},[33,139657,134217],{"class":83},[33,139659,236],{"class":79},[33,139661,66],{"class":47},[18,139663,1357,139665,139667],{"id":139664},"using-split-with-no-separator",[30,139666,1644],{}," with no separator",[14,139669,70150,139670,139672],{},[30,139671,1644],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139674,139675],{},"Whitespace includes:",[316,139677,139678,139680,139683],{},[319,139679,10605],{},[319,139681,139682],{},"tabs",[319,139684,139685],{},"new lines",[14,139687,139688],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139690,367],{},[23,139692,139694],{"className":25,"code":139693,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[30,139695,139696,139719,139733,139737],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139697,139698,139700,139702,139704,139707,139710,139712,139714,139717],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139699,34843],{"class":39},[33,139701,44],{"class":43},[33,139703,91],{"class":79},[33,139705,139706],{"class":83},"Python   is",[33,139708,139709],{"class":34609},"\\t",[33,139711,133471],{"class":83},[33,139713,87129],{"class":34609},[33,139715,139716],{"class":83},"and useful",[33,139718,3532],{"class":79},[33,139720,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139722,42990],{"class":39},[33,139724,44],{"class":43},[33,139726,42995],{"class":39},[33,139728,310],{"class":47},[33,139730,1668],{"class":162},[33,139732,1671],{"class":47},[33,139734,139735],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,139736,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,139738,139739,139741,139743,139745],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,139740,157],{"class":156},[33,139742,133],{"class":47},[33,139744,43022],{"class":162},[33,139746,143],{"class":47},[14,139748,207],{},[23,139750,139752],{"className":25,"code":139751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[30,139753,139754],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139792,139795,139797],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139757,217],{"class":47},[33,139759,236],{"class":79},[33,139761,7456],{"class":83},[33,139763,236],{"class":79},[33,139765,55],{"class":47},[33,139767,245],{"class":79},[33,139769,12346],{"class":83},[33,139771,236],{"class":79},[33,139773,55],{"class":47},[33,139775,245],{"class":79},[33,139777,133471],{"class":83},[33,139779,236],{"class":79},[33,139781,55],{"class":47},[33,139783,245],{"class":79},[33,139785,130096],{"class":83},[33,139787,236],{"class":79},[33,139789,55],{"class":47},[33,139791,245],{"class":79},[33,139793,139794],{"class":83},"useful",[33,139796,236],{"class":79},[33,139798,66],{"class":47},[14,139800,139801],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[664,139803,139805,10739,139807],{"id":139804},"split-vs-split",[30,139806,1644],{},[30,139808,139809],{},"split(' ')",[14,139811,139812],{},"These are not the same.",[23,139814,139816],{"className":25,"code":139815,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[30,139817,139818,139831,139835,139849],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139819,139820,139822,139824,139826,139829],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139821,34843],{"class":39},[33,139823,44],{"class":43},[33,139825,91],{"class":79},[33,139827,139828],{"class":83},"a  b   c",[33,139830,3532],{"class":79},[33,139832,139833],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139834,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,139836,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,139838,157],{"class":156},[33,139840,133],{"class":47},[33,139842,34864],{"class":162},[33,139844,310],{"class":47},[33,139846,1668],{"class":162},[33,139848,7353],{"class":47},[33,139850,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,139852,157],{"class":156},[33,139854,133],{"class":47},[33,139856,34864],{"class":162},[33,139858,310],{"class":47},[33,139860,1668],{"class":162},[33,139862,133],{"class":47},[33,139864,80],{"class":79},[33,139866,91],{"class":79},[33,139868,733],{"class":47},[14,139870,207],{},[23,139872,139874],{"className":25,"code":139873,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[30,139875,139876,139904],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139877,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139879,217],{"class":47},[33,139881,236],{"class":79},[33,139883,273],{"class":83},[33,139885,236],{"class":79},[33,139887,55],{"class":47},[33,139889,245],{"class":79},[33,139891,282],{"class":83},[33,139893,236],{"class":79},[33,139895,55],{"class":47},[33,139897,245],{"class":79},[33,139899,291],{"class":83},[33,139901,236],{"class":79},[33,139903,66],{"class":47},[33,139905,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,139907,217],{"class":47},[33,139909,236],{"class":79},[33,139911,273],{"class":83},[33,139913,236],{"class":79},[33,139915,55],{"class":47},[33,139917,4009],{"class":79},[33,139919,55],{"class":47},[33,139921,245],{"class":79},[33,139923,282],{"class":83},[33,139925,236],{"class":79},[33,139927,55],{"class":47},[33,139929,4009],{"class":79},[33,139931,55],{"class":47},[33,139933,4009],{"class":79},[33,139935,55],{"class":47},[33,139937,245],{"class":79},[33,139939,291],{"class":83},[33,139941,236],{"class":79},[33,139943,66],{"class":47},[316,139945,139946,139951],{},[319,139947,139948,139950],{},[30,139949,1644],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[319,139952,139953,139956],{},[30,139954,139955],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139958,139959,139960,139964],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[273,139961,126331,139962,887],{"href":136901},[30,139963,41806],{}," is often useful.",[18,139966,139968],{"id":139967},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139970,139971,139972,1931,139975,2370,139977,310],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[30,139973,139974],{},"\",\"",[30,139976,133570],{},[30,139978,139979],{},"\"::\"",[14,139981,139982],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139984,139985],{},"Example with commas:",[23,139987,139989],{"className":25,"code":139988,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[30,139990,139991,140003,140025,140029],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,139992,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,139994,34843],{"class":39},[33,139996,44],{"class":43},[33,139998,91],{"class":79},[33,140000,139369],{"class":83},[33,140002,3532],{"class":79},[33,140004,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140006,42990],{"class":39},[33,140008,44],{"class":43},[33,140010,42995],{"class":39},[33,140012,310],{"class":47},[33,140014,1668],{"class":162},[33,140016,133],{"class":47},[33,140018,80],{"class":79},[33,140020,55],{"class":83},[33,140022,80],{"class":79},[33,140024,143],{"class":47},[33,140026,140027],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140028,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140030,140031,140033,140035,140037],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140032,157],{"class":156},[33,140034,133],{"class":47},[33,140036,43022],{"class":162},[33,140038,143],{"class":47},[14,140040,207],{},[23,140042,140043],{"className":25,"code":78426,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,140044,140045],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140048,217],{"class":47},[33,140050,236],{"class":79},[33,140052,386],{"class":83},[33,140054,236],{"class":79},[33,140056,55],{"class":47},[33,140058,245],{"class":79},[33,140060,4255],{"class":83},[33,140062,236],{"class":79},[33,140064,55],{"class":47},[33,140066,245],{"class":79},[33,140068,4264],{"class":83},[33,140070,236],{"class":79},[33,140072,66],{"class":47},[14,140074,140075],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[23,140077,140079],{"className":25,"code":140078,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[30,140080,140081,140094,140116,140120],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140082,140083,140085,140087,140089,140092],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140084,34843],{"class":39},[33,140086,44],{"class":43},[33,140088,91],{"class":79},[33,140090,140091],{"class":83},"2024::10::31",[33,140093,3532],{"class":79},[33,140095,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140097,42990],{"class":39},[33,140099,44],{"class":43},[33,140101,42995],{"class":39},[33,140103,310],{"class":47},[33,140105,1668],{"class":162},[33,140107,133],{"class":47},[33,140109,80],{"class":79},[33,140111,76643],{"class":83},[33,140113,80],{"class":79},[33,140115,143],{"class":47},[33,140117,140118],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140119,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140121,140122,140124,140126,140128],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140123,157],{"class":156},[33,140125,133],{"class":47},[33,140127,43022],{"class":162},[33,140129,143],{"class":47},[14,140131,207],{},[23,140133,140135],{"className":25,"code":140134,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[30,140136,140137],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140138,140139,140141,140143,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140163,140165],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140140,217],{"class":47},[33,140142,236],{"class":79},[33,140144,140145],{"class":83},"2024",[33,140147,236],{"class":79},[33,140149,55],{"class":47},[33,140151,245],{"class":79},[33,140153,538],{"class":83},[33,140155,236],{"class":79},[33,140157,55],{"class":47},[33,140159,245],{"class":79},[33,140161,140162],{"class":83},"31",[33,140164,236],{"class":79},[33,140166,66],{"class":47},[14,140168,140169],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140171,140172,140173,310],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[273,140174,129015],{"href":129014},[18,140176,1357,140178],{"id":140177},"using-maxsplit",[30,140179,139586],{},[14,140181,140182,140184],{},[30,140183,139586],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140186,140187],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140189,367],{},[23,140191,140193],{"className":25,"code":140192,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[30,140194,140195,140208,140234,140238],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140196,140197,140199,140201,140203,140206],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140198,34843],{"class":39},[33,140200,44],{"class":43},[33,140202,91],{"class":79},[33,140204,140205],{"class":83},"name:age:city:country",[33,140207,3532],{"class":79},[33,140209,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140211,42990],{"class":39},[33,140213,44],{"class":43},[33,140215,42995],{"class":39},[33,140217,310],{"class":47},[33,140219,1668],{"class":162},[33,140221,133],{"class":47},[33,140223,80],{"class":79},[33,140225,3061],{"class":83},[33,140227,80],{"class":79},[33,140229,55],{"class":47},[33,140231,58],{"class":51},[33,140233,143],{"class":47},[33,140235,140236],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140237,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140241,157],{"class":156},[33,140243,133],{"class":47},[33,140245,43022],{"class":162},[33,140247,143],{"class":47},[14,140249,207],{},[23,140251,140253],{"className":25,"code":140252,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[30,140254,140255],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140256,140257,140259,140261,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140280,140282],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140258,217],{"class":47},[33,140260,236],{"class":79},[33,140262,7827],{"class":83},[33,140264,236],{"class":79},[33,140266,55],{"class":47},[33,140268,245],{"class":79},[33,140270,9453],{"class":83},[33,140272,236],{"class":79},[33,140274,55],{"class":47},[33,140276,245],{"class":79},[33,140278,140279],{"class":83},"city:country",[33,140281,236],{"class":79},[33,140283,66],{"class":47},[14,140285,2356],{},[316,140287,140288,140293,140298],{},[319,140289,140290,140291],{},"Python splits at the first ",[30,140292,3061],{},[319,140294,140295,140296],{},"then splits at the second ",[30,140297,3061],{},[319,140299,140300],{},"then stops",[14,140302,140303],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140305,52232],{},[23,140307,140309],{"className":25,"code":140308,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[30,140310,140311,140324],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140312,140313,140315,140317,140319,140322],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140314,34843],{"class":39},[33,140316,44],{"class":43},[33,140318,91],{"class":79},[33,140320,140321],{"class":83},"apple banana cherry grape",[33,140323,3532],{"class":79},[33,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140327,157],{"class":156},[33,140329,133],{"class":47},[33,140331,34864],{"class":162},[33,140333,310],{"class":47},[33,140335,1668],{"class":162},[33,140337,133],{"class":47},[33,140339,80],{"class":79},[33,140341,91],{"class":79},[33,140343,55],{"class":47},[33,140345,1119],{"class":51},[33,140347,733],{"class":47},[14,140349,207],{},[23,140351,140353],{"className":25,"code":140352,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[30,140354,140355],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140372,140374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140358,217],{"class":47},[33,140360,236],{"class":79},[33,140362,386],{"class":83},[33,140364,236],{"class":79},[33,140366,55],{"class":47},[33,140368,245],{"class":79},[33,140370,140371],{"class":83},"banana cherry grape",[33,140373,236],{"class":79},[33,140375,66],{"class":47},[18,140377,3848,140379,11858],{"id":140378},"what-split-returns",[30,140380,1644],{},[14,140382,140383,140384,140386,140387,310],{},"The result of ",[30,140385,1644],{}," is always a ",[205,140388,1879],{},[14,140390,140391],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140393,367],{},[23,140395,140397],{"className":25,"code":140396,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[30,140398,140399,140412,140434,140438,140448,140462],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140400,140401,140403,140405,140407,140410],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140402,34843],{"class":39},[33,140404,44],{"class":43},[33,140406,91],{"class":79},[33,140408,140409],{"class":83},"cat,dog,bird",[33,140411,3532],{"class":79},[33,140413,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430,140432],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140415,42990],{"class":39},[33,140417,44],{"class":43},[33,140419,42995],{"class":39},[33,140421,310],{"class":47},[33,140423,1668],{"class":162},[33,140425,133],{"class":47},[33,140427,80],{"class":79},[33,140429,55],{"class":83},[33,140431,80],{"class":79},[33,140433,143],{"class":47},[33,140435,140436],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140437,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140441,157],{"class":156},[33,140443,133],{"class":47},[33,140445,43022],{"class":162},[33,140447,143],{"class":47},[33,140449,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,140451,157],{"class":156},[33,140453,133],{"class":47},[33,140455,1406],{"class":129},[33,140457,133],{"class":47},[33,140459,43022],{"class":162},[33,140461,733],{"class":47},[33,140463,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,140465,157],{"class":156},[33,140467,133],{"class":47},[33,140469,43022],{"class":162},[33,140471,217],{"class":47},[33,140473,1114],{"class":51},[33,140475,4059],{"class":47},[14,140477,207],{},[23,140479,140481],{"className":25,"code":140480,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[30,140482,140483,140511,140525],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140484,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140486,217],{"class":47},[33,140488,236],{"class":79},[33,140490,37201],{"class":83},[33,140492,236],{"class":79},[33,140494,55],{"class":47},[33,140496,245],{"class":79},[33,140498,58271],{"class":83},[33,140500,236],{"class":79},[33,140502,55],{"class":47},[33,140504,245],{"class":79},[33,140506,58288],{"class":83},[33,140508,236],{"class":79},[33,140510,66],{"class":47},[33,140512,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140514,1427],{"class":43},[33,140516,1431],{"class":1430},[33,140518,245],{"class":79},[33,140520,1879],{"class":83},[33,140522,236],{"class":79},[33,140524,1441],{"class":43},[33,140526,140527],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140528,85445],{"class":39},[14,140530,140531],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[316,140533,140534,140537,140540],{},[319,140535,140536],{},"loop over it",[319,140538,140539],{},"access items by index",[319,140541,140542],{},"combine items again later",[14,140544,140545,140546,310],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[273,140547,126331,140549,887],{"href":140548},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[30,140550,133413],{},[14,140552,367],{},[23,140554,140556],{"className":25,"code":140555,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[30,140557,140558,140590,140612,140616],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140559,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140561,42990],{"class":39},[33,140563,44],{"class":43},[33,140565,48],{"class":47},[33,140567,236],{"class":79},[33,140569,37201],{"class":83},[33,140571,236],{"class":79},[33,140573,55],{"class":47},[33,140575,245],{"class":79},[33,140577,58271],{"class":83},[33,140579,236],{"class":79},[33,140581,55],{"class":47},[33,140583,245],{"class":79},[33,140585,58288],{"class":83},[33,140587,236],{"class":79},[33,140589,66],{"class":47},[33,140591,140592,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140593,34843],{"class":39},[33,140595,44],{"class":43},[33,140597,91],{"class":79},[33,140599,2199],{"class":83},[33,140601,80],{"class":79},[33,140603,310],{"class":47},[33,140605,133490],{"class":162},[33,140607,133],{"class":47},[33,140609,43022],{"class":162},[33,140611,143],{"class":47},[33,140613,140614],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140615,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140617,140618,140620,140622,140624],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140619,157],{"class":156},[33,140621,133],{"class":47},[33,140623,34864],{"class":162},[33,140625,143],{"class":47},[14,140627,207],{},[23,140629,140631],{"className":25,"code":140630,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"cat-dog-bird\n",[30,140632,140633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140634,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140636,37201],{"class":39},[33,140638,2199],{"class":43},[33,140640,58271],{"class":39},[33,140642,2199],{"class":43},[33,140644,140645],{"class":39},"bird\n",[18,140647,140649],{"id":140648},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140651,140652],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[664,140654,140656],{"id":140655},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[23,140658,140660],{"className":25,"code":140659,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[30,140661,140662,140670],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140663,140664,140666,140668],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140665,34843],{"class":39},[33,140667,44],{"class":43},[33,140669,8039],{"class":79},[33,140671,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140673,157],{"class":156},[33,140675,133],{"class":47},[33,140677,34864],{"class":162},[33,140679,310],{"class":47},[33,140681,1668],{"class":162},[33,140683,7353],{"class":47},[14,140685,207],{},[23,140687,140688],{"className":25,"code":264,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,140689,140690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140691,140692],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140693,264],{"class":47},[664,140695,140697],{"id":140696},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[23,140699,140701],{"className":25,"code":140700,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[30,140702,140703,140711],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140704,140705,140707,140709],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140706,34843],{"class":39},[33,140708,44],{"class":43},[33,140710,8039],{"class":79},[33,140712,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140714,157],{"class":156},[33,140716,133],{"class":47},[33,140718,34864],{"class":162},[33,140720,310],{"class":47},[33,140722,1668],{"class":162},[33,140724,133],{"class":47},[33,140726,80],{"class":79},[33,140728,55],{"class":83},[33,140730,80],{"class":79},[33,140732,733],{"class":47},[14,140734,207],{},[23,140736,140738],{"className":25,"code":140737,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['']\n",[30,140739,140740],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140741,140742,140744,140746],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140743,217],{"class":47},[33,140745,3945],{"class":79},[33,140747,66],{"class":47},[664,140749,140751],{"id":140750},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140753,140754],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[23,140756,140758],{"className":25,"code":140757,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[30,140759,140760,140772],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140761,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140763,34843],{"class":39},[33,140765,44],{"class":43},[33,140767,91],{"class":79},[33,140769,545],{"class":83},[33,140771,3532],{"class":79},[33,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140775,157],{"class":156},[33,140777,133],{"class":47},[33,140779,34864],{"class":162},[33,140781,310],{"class":47},[33,140783,1668],{"class":162},[33,140785,133],{"class":47},[33,140787,80],{"class":79},[33,140789,55],{"class":83},[33,140791,80],{"class":79},[33,140793,733],{"class":47},[14,140795,207],{},[23,140797,140799],{"className":25,"code":140798,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"['hello']\n",[30,140800,140801],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140802,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140804,217],{"class":47},[33,140806,236],{"class":79},[33,140808,545],{"class":83},[33,140810,236],{"class":79},[33,140812,66],{"class":47},[18,140814,5127,140816],{"id":140815},"when-to-use-split",[30,140817,1644],{},[14,140819,672,140820,140822],{},[30,140821,1644],{}," when you need to:",[316,140824,140825,140828,140831],{},[319,140826,140827],{},"split a sentence into words",[319,140829,140830],{},"split comma-separated values",[319,140832,140833],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140835,140836],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[316,140838,140839,140842,140845],{},[319,140840,140841],{},"cleaning text",[319,140843,140844],{},"parsing user input",[319,140846,140847],{},"processing simple file content",[18,140849,3006],{"id":3005},[14,140851,84216],{},[316,140853,140854,140858,140864,140867,140875],{},[319,140855,50659,140856,131551],{},[30,140857,1644],{},[319,140859,140860,140861,140863],{},"forgetting that ",[30,140862,1644],{}," returns a list, not a string",[319,140865,140866],{},"using the wrong separator",[319,140868,140869,140870,140872,140873],{},"assuming ",[30,140871,139809],{}," behaves the same as ",[30,140874,1644],{},[319,140876,140877],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140879,140880],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[23,140882,140884],{"className":25,"code":140883,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[30,140885,140886,140898,140916,140920],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140887,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140889,34843],{"class":39},[33,140891,44],{"class":43},[33,140893,91],{"class":79},[33,140895,42983],{"class":83},[33,140897,3532],{"class":79},[33,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140901,34864],{"class":39},[33,140903,310],{"class":47},[33,140905,1668],{"class":162},[33,140907,133],{"class":47},[33,140909,80],{"class":79},[33,140911,55],{"class":83},[33,140913,80],{"class":79},[33,140915,143],{"class":47},[33,140917,140918],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140919,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140921,140922,140924,140926,140928],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140923,157],{"class":156},[33,140925,133],{"class":47},[33,140927,34864],{"class":162},[33,140929,143],{"class":47},[14,140931,207],{},[23,140933,140935],{"className":25,"code":140934,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a,b,c\n",[30,140936,140937],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140938,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140940,273],{"class":39},[33,140942,55],{"class":47},[33,140944,282],{"class":39},[33,140946,55],{"class":47},[33,140948,69222],{"class":39},[14,140950,140951],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140953,1328],{},[23,140955,140956],{"className":25,"code":42970,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,140957,140958,140970,140992,140996],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,140959,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,140961,34843],{"class":39},[33,140963,44],{"class":43},[33,140965,91],{"class":79},[33,140967,42983],{"class":83},[33,140969,3532],{"class":79},[33,140971,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,140973,42990],{"class":39},[33,140975,44],{"class":43},[33,140977,42995],{"class":39},[33,140979,310],{"class":47},[33,140981,1668],{"class":162},[33,140983,133],{"class":47},[33,140985,80],{"class":79},[33,140987,55],{"class":83},[33,140989,80],{"class":79},[33,140991,143],{"class":47},[33,140993,140994],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,140995,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,140997,140998,141000,141002,141004],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,140999,157],{"class":156},[33,141001,133],{"class":47},[33,141003,43022],{"class":162},[33,141005,143],{"class":47},[14,141007,207],{},[23,141009,141010],{"className":25,"code":960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,141011,141012],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141013,141014,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141015,217],{"class":47},[33,141017,236],{"class":79},[33,141019,273],{"class":83},[33,141021,236],{"class":79},[33,141023,55],{"class":47},[33,141025,245],{"class":79},[33,141027,282],{"class":83},[33,141029,236],{"class":79},[33,141031,55],{"class":47},[33,141033,245],{"class":79},[33,141035,291],{"class":83},[33,141037,236],{"class":79},[33,141039,66],{"class":47},[14,141041,141042],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[23,141044,141046],{"className":25,"code":141045,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[30,141047,141048,141061,141083,141087],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141051,34843],{"class":39},[33,141053,44],{"class":43},[33,141055,91],{"class":79},[33,141057,141058],{"class":83},"apple,banana",[33,141060,3532],{"class":79},[33,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141064,42990],{"class":39},[33,141066,44],{"class":43},[33,141068,42995],{"class":39},[33,141070,310],{"class":47},[33,141072,1668],{"class":162},[33,141074,133],{"class":47},[33,141076,80],{"class":79},[33,141078,55],{"class":83},[33,141080,80],{"class":79},[33,141082,143],{"class":47},[33,141084,141085],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,141086,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,141088,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,141090,157],{"class":156},[33,141092,133],{"class":47},[33,141094,43022],{"class":162},[33,141096,217],{"class":47},[33,141098,2234],{"class":51},[33,141100,4059],{"class":47},[14,141102,141103,141104,310],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[273,141105,69235],{"href":69234},[664,141107,1827],{"id":1826},[14,141109,9031,141110,141112],{},[30,141111,1644],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[23,141114,141116],{"className":25,"code":141115,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[30,141117,141118,141128,141142,141164,141190],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141119,141120,141122,141124,141126],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141121,157],{"class":156},[33,141123,133],{"class":47},[33,141125,34864],{"class":162},[33,141127,143],{"class":47},[33,141129,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141131,157],{"class":156},[33,141133,133],{"class":47},[33,141135,34864],{"class":162},[33,141137,310],{"class":47},[33,141139,1668],{"class":162},[33,141141,7353],{"class":47},[33,141143,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,141145,157],{"class":156},[33,141147,133],{"class":47},[33,141149,34864],{"class":162},[33,141151,310],{"class":47},[33,141153,1668],{"class":162},[33,141155,133],{"class":47},[33,141157,236],{"class":79},[33,141159,55],{"class":83},[33,141161,236],{"class":79},[33,141163,733],{"class":47},[33,141165,141166,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,141167,157],{"class":156},[33,141169,133],{"class":47},[33,141171,726],{"class":156},[33,141173,133],{"class":47},[33,141175,34864],{"class":162},[33,141177,310],{"class":47},[33,141179,1668],{"class":162},[33,141181,133],{"class":47},[33,141183,236],{"class":79},[33,141185,55],{"class":83},[33,141187,236],{"class":79},[33,141189,1890],{"class":47},[33,141191,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,141193,157],{"class":156},[33,141195,133],{"class":47},[33,141197,1406],{"class":129},[33,141199,133],{"class":47},[33,141201,34864],{"class":162},[33,141203,310],{"class":47},[33,141205,1668],{"class":162},[33,141207,133],{"class":47},[33,141209,236],{"class":79},[33,141211,55],{"class":83},[33,141213,236],{"class":79},[33,141215,1890],{"class":47},[14,141217,11322],{},[316,141219,141220,141223,141226,141229],{},[319,141221,141222],{},"what the original string looks like",[319,141224,141225],{},"which separator works",[319,141227,141228],{},"how many items were created",[319,141230,141231],{},"that the result is a list",[18,141233,1961],{"id":1960},[664,141235,2027,141237,2030,141239,2033],{"id":141236},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[30,141238,1644],{},[30,141240,139809],{},[14,141242,141243,141245],{},[30,141244,1644],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141247,141248,141250],{},[30,141249,139809],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[664,141252,12857,141254,124658],{"id":141253},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[30,141255,1644],{},[14,141257,141258,141259,56623],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[30,141260,1644],{},[664,141262,2007,141264,40115],{"id":141263},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[30,141265,139586],{},[14,141267,141268],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[664,141270,141272],{"id":141271},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141274,29214,141275,141277],{},[30,141276,1644],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[18,141279,2045],{"id":2044},[316,141281,141282,141286,141292,141298,141302],{},[319,141283,141284],{},[273,141285,129936],{"href":129014},[319,141287,141288],{},[273,141289,126331,141290,887],{"href":140548},[30,141291,133413],{},[319,141293,141294],{},[273,141295,126331,141296,887],{"href":136901},[30,141297,41806],{},[319,141299,141300],{},[273,141301,125086],{"href":51129},[319,141303,141304],{},[273,141305,69235],{"href":69234},[2097,141307,141308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":141310},[141311,141312,141314,141315,141320,141321,141323,141325,141330,141332,141335,141344],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":139416,"depth":69,"text":141313},"What split() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":139664,"depth":69,"text":141316,"children":141317},"Using split() with no separator",[141318],{"id":139804,"depth":110,"text":141319},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139967,"depth":69,"text":139968},{"id":140177,"depth":69,"text":141322},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140378,"depth":69,"text":141324},"What split() returns",{"id":140648,"depth":69,"text":140649,"children":141326},[141327,141328,141329],{"id":140655,"depth":110,"text":140656},{"id":140696,"depth":110,"text":140697},{"id":140750,"depth":110,"text":140751},{"id":140815,"depth":69,"text":141331},"When to use split()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":141333},[141334],{"id":1826,"depth":110,"text":1827},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":141336},[141337,141339,141341,141343],{"id":141236,"depth":110,"text":141338},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141253,"depth":110,"text":141340},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141263,"depth":110,"text":141342},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141271,"depth":110,"text":141272},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139325,"description":141345},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141352,"title":141353,"body":141354,"description":143297,"extension":2138,"meta":143298,"navigation":149,"path":143299,"seo":143300,"stem":143301,"__hash__":143302},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141355,"toc":143256},[141356,141361,141366,141373,141446,141451,141456,141461,141477,141479,141549,141551,141553,141573,141575,141620,141625,141627,141725,141730,141734,141739,141743,141746,141788,141792,141795,141840,141844,141847,141897,141901,141906,141958,141960,141965,141976,141981,142061,142063,142075,142084,142091,142106,142108,142223,142229,142233,142236,142241,142383,142386,142393,142395,142399,142407,142476,142482,142531,142536,142541,142543,142563,142565,142631,142633,142637,142640,142644,142685,142687,142720,142725,142728,142755,142757,142800,142807,142812,142822,142888,142892,142900,142905,142956,142960,142963,142965,142974,142976,143026,143028,143135,143137,143142,143149,143155,143158,143189,143194,143196,143203,143211,143220,143223,143225,143253],[10,141357,123331,141359,2059],{"id":141358},"python-string-startswith-method",[30,141360,127699],{},[14,141362,123336,141363,141365],{},[30,141364,127699],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141367,126397,141368,453,141370,141372],{},[30,141369,3777],{},[30,141371,3844],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[23,141374,141376],{"className":25,"code":141375,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[30,141377,141378,141391,141395,141420],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141379,141380,141382,141384,141386,141389],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141381,34843],{"class":39},[33,141383,44],{"class":43},[33,141385,91],{"class":79},[33,141387,141388],{"class":83},"Python Beginner Help",[33,141390,3532],{"class":79},[33,141392,141393],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141394,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,141396,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,141398,157],{"class":156},[33,141400,133],{"class":47},[33,141402,34864],{"class":162},[33,141404,310],{"class":47},[33,141406,141407],{"class":162},"startswith",[33,141409,133],{"class":47},[33,141411,80],{"class":79},[33,141413,7456],{"class":83},[33,141415,80],{"class":79},[33,141417,5522],{"class":47},[33,141419,44008],{"class":1308},[33,141421,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141439,141441,141443],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,141423,157],{"class":156},[33,141425,133],{"class":47},[33,141427,34864],{"class":162},[33,141429,310],{"class":47},[33,141431,141407],{"class":162},[33,141433,133],{"class":47},[33,141435,80],{"class":79},[33,141437,141438],{"class":83},"Beginner",[33,141440,80],{"class":79},[33,141442,5522],{"class":47},[33,141444,141445],{"class":1308}," # False\n",[14,141447,672,141448,141450],{},[30,141449,127699],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[18,141452,3848,141454,3851],{"id":141453},"what-startswith-does",[30,141455,127699],{},[14,141457,141458,141460],{},[30,141459,127699],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[316,141462,141463,141466,141472,141474],{},[319,141464,141465],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[319,141467,5312,141468,453,141470],{},[30,141469,3777],{},[30,141471,3844],{},[319,141473,123474],{},[319,141475,141476],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141478,367],{},[23,141480,141482],{"className":25,"code":141481,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[30,141483,141484,141496,141500,141525],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141485,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141487,8034],{"class":39},[33,141489,44],{"class":43},[33,141491,91],{"class":79},[33,141493,7456],{"class":83},[33,141495,3532],{"class":79},[33,141497,141498],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141499,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,141501,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516,141519,141521,141523],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,141503,157],{"class":156},[33,141505,133],{"class":47},[33,141507,7827],{"class":162},[33,141509,310],{"class":47},[33,141511,141407],{"class":162},[33,141513,133],{"class":47},[33,141515,80],{"class":79},[33,141517,141518],{"class":83},"Py",[33,141520,80],{"class":79},[33,141522,5522],{"class":47},[33,141524,44008],{"class":1308},[33,141526,141527,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,141528,157],{"class":156},[33,141530,133],{"class":47},[33,141532,7827],{"class":162},[33,141534,310],{"class":47},[33,141536,141407],{"class":162},[33,141538,133],{"class":47},[33,141540,80],{"class":79},[33,141542,128777],{"class":83},[33,141544,80],{"class":79},[33,141546,5522],{"class":47},[33,141548,44025],{"class":1308},[18,141550,2334],{"id":2333},[14,141552,42538],{},[23,141554,141556],{"className":25,"code":141555,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[30,141557,141558],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141559,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141571],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141561,61149],{"class":39},[33,141563,310],{"class":47},[33,141565,141407],{"class":162},[33,141567,133],{"class":47},[33,141569,141570],{"class":162},"prefix",[33,141572,143],{"class":47},[14,141574,30918],{},[23,141576,141578],{"className":25,"code":141577,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[30,141579,141580,141598],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141581,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141583,61149],{"class":39},[33,141585,310],{"class":47},[33,141587,141407],{"class":162},[33,141589,133],{"class":47},[33,141591,141570],{"class":162},[33,141593,55],{"class":47},[33,141595,36207],{"class":162},[33,141597,143],{"class":47},[33,141599,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141601,61149],{"class":39},[33,141603,310],{"class":47},[33,141605,141407],{"class":162},[33,141607,133],{"class":47},[33,141609,141570],{"class":162},[33,141611,55],{"class":47},[33,141613,36207],{"class":162},[33,141615,55],{"class":47},[33,141617,65016],{"class":162},[33,141619,143],{"class":47},[14,141621,20924,141622,141624],{},[30,141623,141570],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141626,367],{},[23,141628,141630],{"className":25,"code":141629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[30,141631,141632,141644,141648,141673,141697],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141633,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141635,34843],{"class":39},[33,141637,44],{"class":43},[33,141639,91],{"class":79},[33,141641,1517],{"class":83},[33,141643,3532],{"class":79},[33,141645,141646],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141647,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,141649,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,141651,157],{"class":156},[33,141653,133],{"class":47},[33,141655,34864],{"class":162},[33,141657,310],{"class":47},[33,141659,141407],{"class":162},[33,141661,133],{"class":47},[33,141663,80],{"class":79},[33,141665,545],{"class":83},[33,141667,80],{"class":79},[33,141669,5522],{"class":47},[33,141671,141672],{"class":1308},"      # True\n",[33,141674,141675,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,141676,157],{"class":156},[33,141678,133],{"class":47},[33,141680,34864],{"class":162},[33,141682,310],{"class":47},[33,141684,141407],{"class":162},[33,141686,133],{"class":47},[33,141688,80],{"class":79},[33,141690,1708],{"class":83},[33,141692,80],{"class":79},[33,141694,5522],{"class":47},[33,141696,21354],{"class":1308},[33,141698,141699,141701,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,141700,157],{"class":156},[33,141702,133],{"class":47},[33,141704,34864],{"class":162},[33,141706,310],{"class":47},[33,141708,141407],{"class":162},[33,141710,133],{"class":47},[33,141712,80],{"class":79},[33,141714,1708],{"class":83},[33,141716,80],{"class":79},[33,141718,55],{"class":47},[33,141720,37798],{"class":51},[33,141722,5522],{"class":47},[33,141724,44008],{"class":1308},[14,141726,141727,141728,310],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[273,141729,125086],{"href":51129},[18,141731,141733],{"id":141732},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141735,141736,141738],{},[30,141737,127699],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[664,141740,141741],{"id":141570},[30,141742,141570],{},[14,141744,141745],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[23,141747,141749],{"className":25,"code":141748,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[30,141750,141751,141763],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141752,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141754,34843],{"class":39},[33,141756,44],{"class":43},[33,141758,91],{"class":79},[33,141760,4255],{"class":83},[33,141762,3532],{"class":79},[33,141764,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141782,141784,141786],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141766,157],{"class":156},[33,141768,133],{"class":47},[33,141770,34864],{"class":162},[33,141772,310],{"class":47},[33,141774,141407],{"class":162},[33,141776,133],{"class":47},[33,141778,80],{"class":79},[33,141780,141781],{"class":83},"ban",[33,141783,80],{"class":79},[33,141785,5522],{"class":47},[33,141787,3834],{"class":1308},[664,141789,141790],{"id":36228},[30,141791,36228],{},[14,141793,141794],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[23,141796,141798],{"className":25,"code":141797,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[30,141799,141800,141812],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141801,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141803,34843],{"class":39},[33,141805,44],{"class":43},[33,141807,91],{"class":79},[33,141809,1517],{"class":83},[33,141811,3532],{"class":79},[33,141813,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141815,157],{"class":156},[33,141817,133],{"class":47},[33,141819,34864],{"class":162},[33,141821,310],{"class":47},[33,141823,141407],{"class":162},[33,141825,133],{"class":47},[33,141827,80],{"class":79},[33,141829,1708],{"class":83},[33,141831,80],{"class":79},[33,141833,55],{"class":47},[33,141835,37798],{"class":51},[33,141837,5522],{"class":47},[33,141839,3834],{"class":1308},[664,141841,141842],{"id":52812},[30,141843,52812],{},[14,141845,141846],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[23,141848,141850],{"className":25,"code":141849,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[30,141851,141852,141864],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141853,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141855,34843],{"class":39},[33,141857,44],{"class":43},[33,141859,91],{"class":79},[33,141861,1517],{"class":83},[33,141863,3532],{"class":79},[33,141865,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141883,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141867,157],{"class":156},[33,141869,133],{"class":47},[33,141871,34864],{"class":162},[33,141873,310],{"class":47},[33,141875,141407],{"class":162},[33,141877,133],{"class":47},[33,141879,80],{"class":79},[33,141881,141882],{"class":83},"wor",[33,141884,80],{"class":79},[33,141886,55],{"class":47},[33,141888,37798],{"class":51},[33,141890,55],{"class":47},[33,141892,54284],{"class":51},[33,141894,5522],{"class":47},[33,141896,3834],{"class":1308},[664,141898,141900],{"id":141899},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141902,141903,141905],{},[30,141904,141570],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[23,141907,141909],{"className":25,"code":141908,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[30,141910,141911,141924],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141912,141913,141915,141917,141919,141922],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141914,126414],{"class":39},[33,141916,44],{"class":43},[33,141918,91],{"class":79},[33,141920,141921],{"class":83},"img_001.png",[33,141923,3532],{"class":79},[33,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141943,141945,141947,141949,141952,141954,141956],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,141927,157],{"class":156},[33,141929,133],{"class":47},[33,141931,126432],{"class":162},[33,141933,310],{"class":47},[33,141935,141407],{"class":162},[33,141937,1010],{"class":47},[33,141939,80],{"class":79},[33,141941,141942],{"class":83},"img_",[33,141944,80],{"class":79},[33,141946,55],{"class":47},[33,141948,91],{"class":79},[33,141950,141951],{"class":83},"photo_",[33,141953,80],{"class":79},[33,141955,51244],{"class":47},[33,141957,3834],{"class":1308},[18,141959,17571],{"id":17570},[14,141961,141962,141964],{},[30,141963,127699],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[316,141966,141967,141972],{},[319,141968,141969,141971],{},[30,141970,3777],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[319,141973,141974,127016],{},[30,141975,3844],{},[14,141977,141978,141979,7331],{},"This makes it useful in ",[30,141980,7156],{},[23,141982,141984],{"className":25,"code":141983,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[30,141985,141986,142000,142004,142025,142040,142046],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,141987,141988,141991,141993,141995,141998],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,141989,141990],{"class":39},"command ",[33,141992,44],{"class":43},[33,141994,91],{"class":79},[33,141996,141997],{"class":83},"\u002Fhelp",[33,141999,3532],{"class":79},[33,142001,142002],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142003,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142005,142006,142008,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142007,7156],{"class":4046},[33,142009,142010],{"class":39}," command",[33,142012,310],{"class":47},[33,142014,141407],{"class":162},[33,142016,133],{"class":47},[33,142018,80],{"class":79},[33,142020,127223],{"class":83},[33,142022,80],{"class":79},[33,142024,8498],{"class":47},[33,142026,142027,142029,142031,142033,142036,142038],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142028,8227],{"class":156},[33,142030,133],{"class":47},[33,142032,80],{"class":79},[33,142034,142035],{"class":83},"This looks like a command.",[33,142037,80],{"class":79},[33,142039,143],{"class":47},[33,142041,142042,142044],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,142043,27586],{"class":4046},[33,142045,6553],{"class":47},[33,142047,142048,142050,142052,142054,142057,142059],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,142049,8227],{"class":156},[33,142051,133],{"class":47},[33,142053,80],{"class":79},[33,142055,142056],{"class":83},"This is normal text.",[33,142058,80],{"class":79},[33,142060,143],{"class":47},[14,142062,207],{},[23,142064,142066],{"className":25,"code":142065,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"This looks like a command.\n",[30,142067,142068],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142069,142070,142073],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142071,142072],{"class":39},"This looks like a command",[33,142074,122363],{"class":47},[18,142076,1357,142078,8860,142080,2030,142082],{"id":142077},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[30,142079,127699],{},[30,142081,36228],{},[30,142083,52812],{},[14,142085,2155,142086,2030,142088,142090],{},[30,142087,36228],{},[30,142089,52812],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[316,142092,142093,142098,142103],{},[319,142094,142095,142097],{},[30,142096,36228],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[319,142099,142100,142102],{},[30,142101,52812],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[319,142104,142105],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142107,367],{},[23,142109,142111],{"className":25,"code":142110,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[30,142112,142113,142125,142129,142158,142191],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142114,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142116,34843],{"class":39},[33,142118,44],{"class":43},[33,142120,91],{"class":79},[33,142122,139610],{"class":83},[33,142124,3532],{"class":79},[33,142126,142127],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142128,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142130,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142132,157],{"class":156},[33,142134,133],{"class":47},[33,142136,34864],{"class":162},[33,142138,310],{"class":47},[33,142140,141407],{"class":162},[33,142142,133],{"class":47},[33,142144,80],{"class":79},[33,142146,79247],{"class":83},[33,142148,80],{"class":79},[33,142150,55],{"class":47},[33,142152,1132],{"class":51},[33,142154,5522],{"class":47},[33,142156,142157],{"class":1308},"        # True\n",[33,142159,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142187,142189],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142161,157],{"class":156},[33,142163,133],{"class":47},[33,142165,34864],{"class":162},[33,142167,310],{"class":47},[33,142169,141407],{"class":162},[33,142171,133],{"class":47},[33,142173,80],{"class":79},[33,142175,134217],{"class":83},[33,142177,80],{"class":79},[33,142179,55],{"class":47},[33,142181,6519],{"class":51},[33,142183,55],{"class":47},[33,142185,142186],{"class":51}," 13",[33,142188,5522],{"class":47},[33,142190,3834],{"class":1308},[33,142192,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,142194,157],{"class":156},[33,142196,133],{"class":47},[33,142198,34864],{"class":162},[33,142200,310],{"class":47},[33,142202,141407],{"class":162},[33,142204,133],{"class":47},[33,142206,80],{"class":79},[33,142208,134217],{"class":83},[33,142210,80],{"class":79},[33,142212,55],{"class":47},[33,142214,6519],{"class":51},[33,142216,55],{"class":47},[33,142218,31097],{"class":51},[33,142220,5522],{"class":47},[33,142222,4937],{"class":1308},[14,142224,142225,142226,142228],{},"In the last example, the ",[30,142227,52812],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[18,142230,142232],{"id":142231},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142234,142235],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142237,142238,142239,49501],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[30,142240,40990],{},[23,142242,142244],{"className":25,"code":142243,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[30,142245,142246,142260,142274,142288,142292,142316,142320,142341,142362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142247,142248,142251,142253,142255,142258],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142249,142250],{"class":39},"filename1 ",[33,142252,44],{"class":43},[33,142254,91],{"class":79},[33,142256,142257],{"class":83},"img_101.jpg",[33,142259,3532],{"class":79},[33,142261,142262,142265,142267,142269,142272],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142263,142264],{"class":39},"filename2 ",[33,142266,44],{"class":43},[33,142268,91],{"class":79},[33,142270,142271],{"class":83},"photo_202.jpg",[33,142273,3532],{"class":79},[33,142275,142276,142279,142281,142283,142286],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142277,142278],{"class":39},"filename3 ",[33,142280,44],{"class":43},[33,142282,91],{"class":79},[33,142284,142285],{"class":83},"doc_303.jpg",[33,142287,3532],{"class":79},[33,142289,142290],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142291,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142293,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,142295,127626],{"class":39},[33,142297,44],{"class":43},[33,142299,1381],{"class":47},[33,142301,80],{"class":79},[33,142303,141942],{"class":83},[33,142305,80],{"class":79},[33,142307,55],{"class":47},[33,142309,91],{"class":79},[33,142311,141951],{"class":83},[33,142313,80],{"class":79},[33,142315,143],{"class":47},[33,142317,142318],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,142319,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142321,142322,142324,142326,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,142323,157],{"class":156},[33,142325,133],{"class":47},[33,142327,142328],{"class":162},"filename1",[33,142330,310],{"class":47},[33,142332,141407],{"class":162},[33,142334,133],{"class":47},[33,142336,127678],{"class":162},[33,142338,5522],{"class":47},[33,142340,3834],{"class":1308},[33,142342,142343,142345,142347,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358,142360],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,142344,157],{"class":156},[33,142346,133],{"class":47},[33,142348,142349],{"class":162},"filename2",[33,142351,310],{"class":47},[33,142353,141407],{"class":162},[33,142355,133],{"class":47},[33,142357,127678],{"class":162},[33,142359,5522],{"class":47},[33,142361,3834],{"class":1308},[33,142363,142364,142366,142368,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,142365,157],{"class":156},[33,142367,133],{"class":47},[33,142369,142370],{"class":162},"filename3",[33,142372,310],{"class":47},[33,142374,141407],{"class":162},[33,142376,133],{"class":47},[33,142378,127678],{"class":162},[33,142380,5522],{"class":47},[33,142382,4937],{"class":1308},[14,142384,142385],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142387,74748,142388,142392],{},[273,142389,126331,142390,887],{"href":129925},[30,142391,126389],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[18,142394,123978],{"id":123977},[14,142396,142397,123789],{},[30,142398,127699],{},[14,142400,127376,142401,2030,142404,127383],{},[30,142402,142403],{},"\"Python\"",[30,142405,142406],{},"\"python\"",[23,142408,142410],{"className":25,"code":142409,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[30,142411,142412,142424,142428,142452],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142413,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142415,34843],{"class":39},[33,142417,44],{"class":43},[33,142419,91],{"class":79},[33,142421,7456],{"class":83},[33,142423,3532],{"class":79},[33,142425,142426],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142427,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142429,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142431,157],{"class":156},[33,142433,133],{"class":47},[33,142435,34864],{"class":162},[33,142437,310],{"class":47},[33,142439,141407],{"class":162},[33,142441,133],{"class":47},[33,142443,80],{"class":79},[33,142445,141518],{"class":83},[33,142447,80],{"class":79},[33,142449,5522],{"class":47},[33,142451,3834],{"class":1308},[33,142453,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142455,157],{"class":156},[33,142457,133],{"class":47},[33,142459,34864],{"class":162},[33,142461,310],{"class":47},[33,142463,141407],{"class":162},[33,142465,133],{"class":47},[33,142467,80],{"class":79},[33,142469,128777],{"class":83},[33,142471,80],{"class":79},[33,142473,5522],{"class":47},[33,142475,4937],{"class":1308},[14,142477,127468,142478,310],{},[273,142479,142480],{"href":124058},[30,142481,124061],{},[23,142483,142485],{"className":25,"code":142484,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[30,142486,142487,142499,142503],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142488,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142490,34843],{"class":39},[33,142492,44],{"class":43},[33,142494,91],{"class":79},[33,142496,7456],{"class":83},[33,142498,3532],{"class":79},[33,142500,142501],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142502,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142504,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142506,157],{"class":156},[33,142508,133],{"class":47},[33,142510,34864],{"class":162},[33,142512,310],{"class":47},[33,142514,8796],{"class":162},[33,142516,8793],{"class":47},[33,142518,141407],{"class":162},[33,142520,133],{"class":47},[33,142522,80],{"class":79},[33,142524,128777],{"class":83},[33,142526,80],{"class":79},[33,142528,5522],{"class":47},[33,142530,3834],{"class":1308},[18,142532,5127,142534],{"id":142533},"when-to-use-startswith",[30,142535,127699],{},[14,142537,142538,142540],{},[30,142539,127699],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142542,9527],{},[316,142544,142545,142548,142551,142560],{},[319,142546,142547],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[319,142549,142550],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[319,142552,142553,142554,453,142557],{},"Validating text formats like ",[30,142555,142556],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[30,142558,142559],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[319,142561,142562],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142564,367],{},[23,142566,142568],{"className":25,"code":142567,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[30,142569,142570,142583,142587,142616],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142571,142572,142574,142576,142578,142581],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142573,127194],{"class":39},[33,142575,44],{"class":43},[33,142577,91],{"class":79},[33,142579,142580],{"class":83},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[33,142582,3532],{"class":79},[33,142584,142585],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142586,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142588,142589,142591,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142590,7156],{"class":4046},[33,142592,142593],{"class":39}," url",[33,142595,310],{"class":47},[33,142597,141407],{"class":162},[33,142599,1010],{"class":47},[33,142601,80],{"class":79},[33,142603,142556],{"class":83},[33,142605,80],{"class":79},[33,142607,55],{"class":47},[33,142609,91],{"class":79},[33,142611,142559],{"class":83},[33,142613,80],{"class":79},[33,142615,69539],{"class":47},[33,142617,142618,142620,142622,142624,142627,142629],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142619,8227],{"class":156},[33,142621,133],{"class":47},[33,142623,80],{"class":79},[33,142625,142626],{"class":83},"This looks like a web URL.",[33,142628,80],{"class":79},[33,142630,143],{"class":47},[18,142632,3006],{"id":3005},[14,142634,23248,142635,310],{},[30,142636,127699],{},[664,142638,138771],{"id":142639},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142641,142642,123789],{},[30,142643,127699],{},[23,142645,142647],{"className":25,"code":142646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[30,142648,142649,142661],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142650,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142652,34843],{"class":39},[33,142654,44],{"class":43},[33,142656,91],{"class":79},[33,142658,7456],{"class":83},[33,142660,3532],{"class":79},[33,142662,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142664,157],{"class":156},[33,142666,133],{"class":47},[33,142668,34864],{"class":162},[33,142670,310],{"class":47},[33,142672,141407],{"class":162},[33,142674,133],{"class":47},[33,142676,80],{"class":79},[33,142678,27],{"class":83},[33,142680,80],{"class":79},[33,142682,5522],{"class":47},[33,142684,4937],{"class":1308},[14,142686,39416],{},[23,142688,142690],{"className":25,"code":142689,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[30,142691,142692],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142693,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142695,157],{"class":156},[33,142697,133],{"class":47},[33,142699,34864],{"class":162},[33,142701,310],{"class":47},[33,142703,8796],{"class":162},[33,142705,8793],{"class":47},[33,142707,141407],{"class":162},[33,142709,133],{"class":47},[33,142711,80],{"class":79},[33,142713,27],{"class":83},[33,142715,80],{"class":79},[33,142717,5522],{"class":47},[33,142719,3834],{"class":1308},[664,142721,29803,142723,137253],{"id":142722},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[30,142724,127699],{},[14,142726,142727],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[23,142729,142731],{"className":25,"code":142730,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[30,142732,142733,142741,142745,142750],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142734,142735,142737,142739],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142736,2622],{"class":39},[33,142738,44],{"class":43},[33,142740,125013],{"class":51},[33,142742,142743],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142744,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142746,142747],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142748,142749],{"class":1308},"# This will cause an error:\n",[33,142751,142752],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142753,142754],{"class":1308},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142756,39416],{},[23,142758,142760],{"className":25,"code":142759,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[30,142761,142762,142776],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142763,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142765,2622],{"class":39},[33,142767,44],{"class":43},[33,142769,49058],{"class":129},[33,142771,133],{"class":47},[33,142773,50399],{"class":51},[33,142775,143],{"class":47},[33,142777,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142779,157],{"class":156},[33,142781,133],{"class":47},[33,142783,2647],{"class":162},[33,142785,310],{"class":47},[33,142787,141407],{"class":162},[33,142789,133],{"class":47},[33,142791,80],{"class":79},[33,142793,52],{"class":83},[33,142795,80],{"class":79},[33,142797,5522],{"class":47},[33,142799,3834],{"class":1308},[664,142801,37358,142803,8860,142805],{"id":142802},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[30,142804,127699],{},[30,142806,4053],{},[14,142808,142809,142811],{},[30,142810,127699],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142813,142814,142815,142817,142818,310],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[30,142816,4053],{}," or methods like ",[273,142819,142820],{"href":124341},[30,142821,124326],{},[23,142823,142825],{"className":25,"code":142824,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[30,142826,142827,142839,142843,142867],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142828,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142830,34843],{"class":39},[33,142832,44],{"class":43},[33,142834,91],{"class":79},[33,142836,1517],{"class":83},[33,142838,3532],{"class":79},[33,142840,142841],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142842,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142844,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142846,157],{"class":156},[33,142848,133],{"class":47},[33,142850,34864],{"class":162},[33,142852,310],{"class":47},[33,142854,141407],{"class":162},[33,142856,133],{"class":47},[33,142858,80],{"class":79},[33,142860,1708],{"class":83},[33,142862,80],{"class":79},[33,142864,5522],{"class":47},[33,142866,4937],{"class":1308},[33,142868,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,142870,157],{"class":156},[33,142872,133],{"class":47},[33,142874,80],{"class":79},[33,142876,1708],{"class":83},[33,142878,80],{"class":79},[33,142880,21327],{"class":4046},[33,142882,42995],{"class":162},[33,142884,3831],{"class":47},[33,142886,142887],{"class":1308},"           # True\n",[14,142889,135805,142890,310],{},[273,142891,127367],{"href":123586},[664,142893,4870,142895,2030,142897,142899],{"id":142894},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[30,142896,36228],{},[30,142898,52812],{}," use index positions",[14,142901,142902,142903,310],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[30,142904,1114],{},[23,142906,142908],{"className":25,"code":142907,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[30,142909,142910,142923,142927],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142911,142912,142914,142916,142918,142921],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142913,34843],{"class":39},[33,142915,44],{"class":43},[33,142917,91],{"class":79},[33,142919,142920],{"class":83},"abcdef",[33,142922,3532],{"class":79},[33,142924,142925],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142926,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,142928,142929,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142946,142948,142950,142952,142954],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,142930,157],{"class":156},[33,142932,133],{"class":47},[33,142934,34864],{"class":162},[33,142936,310],{"class":47},[33,142938,141407],{"class":162},[33,142940,133],{"class":47},[33,142942,80],{"class":79},[33,142944,142945],{"class":83},"cd",[33,142947,80],{"class":79},[33,142949,55],{"class":47},[33,142951,58],{"class":51},[33,142953,5522],{"class":47},[33,142955,3834],{"class":1308},[664,142957,142959],{"id":142958},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142961,142962],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142964,16796],{},[23,142966,142968],{"className":25,"code":142967,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[30,142969,142970],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142971,142972],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142973,142967],{"class":1308},[14,142975,16808],{},[23,142977,142979],{"className":25,"code":142978,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[30,142980,142981,142993],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,142982,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,142984,34843],{"class":39},[33,142986,44],{"class":43},[33,142988,91],{"class":79},[33,142990,7456],{"class":83},[33,142992,3532],{"class":79},[33,142994,142995,142997,142999,143001,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143020,143022,143024],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,142996,157],{"class":156},[33,142998,133],{"class":47},[33,143000,34864],{"class":162},[33,143002,310],{"class":47},[33,143004,141407],{"class":162},[33,143006,1010],{"class":47},[33,143008,80],{"class":79},[33,143010,141518],{"class":83},[33,143012,80],{"class":79},[33,143014,55],{"class":47},[33,143016,91],{"class":79},[33,143018,143019],{"class":83},"Ja",[33,143021,80],{"class":79},[33,143023,51244],{"class":47},[33,143025,3834],{"class":1308},[14,143027,32237],{},[23,143029,143031],{"className":25,"code":143030,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[30,143032,143033,143043,143057,143079,143105],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143034,143035,143037,143039,143041],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143036,157],{"class":156},[33,143038,133],{"class":47},[33,143040,34864],{"class":162},[33,143042,143],{"class":47},[33,143044,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143046,157],{"class":156},[33,143048,133],{"class":47},[33,143050,1406],{"class":129},[33,143052,133],{"class":47},[33,143054,34864],{"class":162},[33,143056,733],{"class":47},[33,143058,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143060,157],{"class":156},[33,143062,133],{"class":47},[33,143064,34864],{"class":162},[33,143066,310],{"class":47},[33,143068,141407],{"class":162},[33,143070,133],{"class":47},[33,143072,80],{"class":79},[33,143074,141518],{"class":83},[33,143076,80],{"class":79},[33,143078,733],{"class":47},[33,143080,143081,143083,143085,143087,143089,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,143082,157],{"class":156},[33,143084,133],{"class":47},[33,143086,34864],{"class":162},[33,143088,310],{"class":47},[33,143090,8796],{"class":162},[33,143092,8793],{"class":47},[33,143094,141407],{"class":162},[33,143096,133],{"class":47},[33,143098,80],{"class":79},[33,143100,128777],{"class":83},[33,143102,80],{"class":79},[33,143104,733],{"class":47},[33,143106,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131,143133],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,143108,157],{"class":156},[33,143110,133],{"class":47},[33,143112,34864],{"class":162},[33,143114,310],{"class":47},[33,143116,141407],{"class":162},[33,143118,1010],{"class":47},[33,143120,80],{"class":79},[33,143122,141518],{"class":83},[33,143124,80],{"class":79},[33,143126,55],{"class":47},[33,143128,91],{"class":79},[33,143130,143019],{"class":83},[33,143132,80],{"class":79},[33,143134,1890],{"class":47},[18,143136,1961],{"id":1960},[664,143138,12857,143140,128177],{"id":143139},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[30,143141,127699],{},[14,143143,143144,143145,453,143147,310],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[30,143146,3777],{},[30,143148,3844],{},[664,143150,5334,143152,143154],{"id":143151},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[30,143153,127699],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143156,143157],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[23,143159,143161],{"className":25,"code":143160,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[30,143162,143163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143164,143165,143167,143169,143171,143173,143175,143177,143179,143181,143183,143185,143187],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143166,34864],{"class":39},[33,143168,310],{"class":47},[33,143170,141407],{"class":162},[33,143172,1010],{"class":47},[33,143174,80],{"class":79},[33,143176,273],{"class":83},[33,143178,80],{"class":79},[33,143180,55],{"class":47},[33,143182,91],{"class":79},[33,143184,282],{"class":83},[33,143186,80],{"class":79},[33,143188,733],{"class":47},[664,143190,15057,143192,124667],{"id":143191},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[30,143193,127699],{},[14,143195,129860],{},[664,143197,2027,143199,2030,143201,2033],{"id":143198},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[30,143200,127699],{},[30,143202,4053],{},[14,143204,143205,143207,143208,143210],{},[30,143206,127699],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[30,143209,4053],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[664,143212,28481,143214,2030,143216,8860,143218,2033],{"id":143213},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[30,143215,36228],{},[30,143217,52812],{},[30,143219,127699],{},[14,143221,143222],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[18,143224,2045],{"id":2044},[316,143226,143227,143233,143239,143245,143249],{},[319,143228,143229],{},[273,143230,126331,143231,887],{"href":129925},[30,143232,126389],{},[319,143234,143235],{},[273,143236,126331,143237,887],{"href":124341},[30,143238,124326],{},[319,143240,143241],{},[273,143242,126331,143243,887],{"href":124058},[30,143244,124061],{},[319,143246,143247],{},[273,143248,124730],{"href":123586},[319,143250,143251],{},[273,143252,125086],{"href":51129},[2097,143254,143255],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":143257},[143258,143260,143261,143267,143268,143270,143271,143272,143274,143284,143296],{"id":141453,"depth":69,"text":143259},"What startswith() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":141732,"depth":69,"text":141733,"children":143262},[143263,143264,143265,143266],{"id":141570,"depth":110,"text":141570},{"id":36228,"depth":110,"text":36228},{"id":52812,"depth":110,"text":52812},{"id":141899,"depth":110,"text":141900},{"id":17570,"depth":69,"text":17571},{"id":142077,"depth":69,"text":143269},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142231,"depth":69,"text":142232},{"id":123977,"depth":69,"text":123978},{"id":142533,"depth":69,"text":143273},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":143275},[143276,143277,143279,143281,143283],{"id":142639,"depth":110,"text":138771},{"id":142722,"depth":110,"text":143278},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142802,"depth":110,"text":143280},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142894,"depth":110,"text":143282},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142958,"depth":110,"text":142959},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":143285},[143286,143288,143290,143292,143294],{"id":143139,"depth":110,"text":143287},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143151,"depth":110,"text":143289},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143191,"depth":110,"text":143291},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143198,"depth":110,"text":143293},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143213,"depth":110,"text":143295},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141353,"description":143297},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143304,"title":143305,"body":143306,"description":144760,"extension":2138,"meta":144761,"navigation":149,"path":144762,"seo":144763,"stem":144764,"__hash__":144765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143307,"toc":144730},[143308,143313,143318,143321,143323,143367,143369,143377,143382,143387,143392,143394,143412,143414,143460,143462,143476,143485,143489,143491,143493,143505,143510,143513,143545,143547,143556,143561,143564,143605,143607,143615,143617,143630,143636,143640,143643,143659,143661,143710,143712,143721,143724,143783,143785,143794,143801,143804,143857,143859,143883,143890,143896,143900,143906,143909,143920,143922,143962,143964,143972,143974,144014,144016,144025,144027,144045,144048,144055,144066,144069,144086,144088,144165,144167,144198,144201,144203,144206,144232,144234,144274,144276,144285,144295,144303,144311,144316,144321,144323,144337,144339,144390,144392,144401,144411,144413,144415,144437,144440,144519,144521,144557,144560,144635,144640,144642,144648,144653,144658,144661,144667,144670,144677,144685,144689,144697,144699,144727],[10,143309,123331,143311,2059],{"id":143310},"python-string-strip-method",[30,143312,41806],{},[14,143314,32472,143315,143317],{},[30,143316,41806],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143319,143320],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[18,143322,21],{"id":20},[23,143324,143326],{"className":25,"code":143325,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[30,143327,143328,143341,143356],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143329,143330,143332,143334,143336,143339],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143331,34843],{"class":39},[33,143333,44],{"class":43},[33,143335,91],{"class":79},[33,143337,143338],{"class":83},"  hello  ",[33,143340,3532],{"class":79},[33,143342,143343,143346,143348,143350,143352,143354],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143344,143345],{"class":39},"clean_text ",[33,143347,44],{"class":43},[33,143349,42995],{"class":39},[33,143351,310],{"class":47},[33,143353,8790],{"class":162},[33,143355,1671],{"class":47},[33,143357,143358,143360,143362,143365],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143359,157],{"class":156},[33,143361,133],{"class":47},[33,143363,143364],{"class":162},"clean_text",[33,143366,143],{"class":47},[14,143368,207],{},[23,143370,143371],{"className":25,"code":138646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,143372,143373],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143374,143375],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143376,138646],{"class":39},[14,143378,672,143379,143381],{},[30,143380,41806],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[18,143383,3848,143385,3851],{"id":143384},"what-strip-does",[30,143386,41806],{},[14,143388,143389,143391],{},[30,143390,41806],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143393,13205],{},[316,143395,143396,143400,143403,143406,143409],{},[319,143397,143398,131681],{},[30,143399,41806],{},[319,143401,143402],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[319,143404,143405],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[319,143407,143408],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[319,143410,143411],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143413,367],{},[23,143415,143417],{"className":25,"code":143416,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[30,143418,143419,143432,143436,143450],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143420,143421,143423,143425,143427,143430],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143422,34843],{"class":39},[33,143424,44],{"class":43},[33,143426,91],{"class":79},[33,143428,143429],{"class":83},"  hello world  ",[33,143431,3532],{"class":79},[33,143433,143434],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143435,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,143437,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143439,157],{"class":156},[33,143441,133],{"class":47},[33,143443,34864],{"class":162},[33,143445,310],{"class":47},[33,143447,8790],{"class":162},[33,143449,7353],{"class":47},[33,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,143453,157],{"class":156},[33,143455,133],{"class":47},[33,143457,34864],{"class":162},[33,143459,143],{"class":47},[14,143461,207],{},[23,143463,143465],{"className":25,"code":143464,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[30,143466,143467,143471],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143468,143469],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143470,134347],{"class":39},[33,143472,143473],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143474,143475],{"class":39},"  hello world\n",[14,143477,143478,143479,143481,143482,143484],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[30,143480,41806],{},", but the original ",[30,143483,34864],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143486,125083,143487,310],{},[273,143488,125086],{"href":51129},[18,143490,2334],{"id":2333},[14,143492,26639],{},[316,143494,143495,143500],{},[319,143496,143497],{},[30,143498,143499],{},"string.strip()",[319,143501,143502],{},[30,143503,143504],{},"string.strip(chars)",[664,143506,143508],{"id":143507},"stringstrip",[30,143509,143499],{},[14,143511,143512],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[23,143514,143516],{"className":25,"code":143515,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[30,143517,143518,143531],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143519,143520,143522,143524,143526,143529],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143521,8034],{"class":39},[33,143523,44],{"class":43},[33,143525,91],{"class":79},[33,143527,143528],{"class":83},"  Alice  ",[33,143530,3532],{"class":79},[33,143532,143533,143535,143537,143539,143541,143543],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143534,157],{"class":156},[33,143536,133],{"class":47},[33,143538,7827],{"class":162},[33,143540,310],{"class":47},[33,143542,8790],{"class":162},[33,143544,7353],{"class":47},[14,143546,207],{},[23,143548,143550],{"className":25,"code":143549,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Alice\n",[30,143551,143552],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143553,143554],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143555,143549],{"class":39},[664,143557,143559],{"id":143558},"stringstripchars",[30,143560,143504],{},[14,143562,143563],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[23,143565,143567],{"className":25,"code":143566,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[30,143568,143569,143582],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143570,143571,143573,143575,143577,143580],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143572,34843],{"class":39},[33,143574,44],{"class":43},[33,143576,91],{"class":79},[33,143578,143579],{"class":83},"!!hello??",[33,143581,3532],{"class":79},[33,143583,143584,143586,143588,143590,143592,143594,143596,143598,143601,143603],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143585,157],{"class":156},[33,143587,133],{"class":47},[33,143589,34864],{"class":162},[33,143591,310],{"class":47},[33,143593,8790],{"class":162},[33,143595,133],{"class":47},[33,143597,80],{"class":79},[33,143599,143600],{"class":83},"!?",[33,143602,80],{"class":79},[33,143604,733],{"class":47},[14,143606,207],{},[23,143608,143609],{"className":25,"code":138646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,143610,143611],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143612,143613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143614,138646],{"class":39},[14,143616,83797],{},[316,143618,143619,143624],{},[319,143620,143621,143623],{},[30,143622,134590],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[319,143625,143626,143627,143629],{},"The order of characters in ",[30,143628,134590],{}," does not matter",[18,143631,143633,143634],{"id":143632},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[30,143635,41806],{},[14,143637,31039,143638,310],{},[30,143639,41806],{},[14,143641,143642],{},"It is useful for:",[316,143644,143645,143650,143653,143656],{},[319,143646,143647,143648,4056],{},"Cleaning ",[30,143649,3134],{},[319,143651,143652],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[319,143654,143655],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[319,143657,143658],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143660,48515],{},[23,143662,143664],{"className":25,"code":143663,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[30,143665,143666,143679,143695,143699],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143667,143668,143670,143672,143674,143677],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143669,8119],{"class":39},[33,143671,44],{"class":43},[33,143673,91],{"class":79},[33,143675,143676],{"class":83},"  sam  ",[33,143678,3532],{"class":79},[33,143680,143681,143684,143686,143689,143691,143693],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143682,143683],{"class":39},"clean_username ",[33,143685,44],{"class":43},[33,143687,143688],{"class":39}," username",[33,143690,310],{"class":47},[33,143692,8790],{"class":162},[33,143694,1671],{"class":47},[33,143696,143697],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143698,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,143700,143701,143703,143705,143708],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,143702,157],{"class":156},[33,143704,133],{"class":47},[33,143706,143707],{"class":162},"clean_username",[33,143709,143],{"class":47},[14,143711,207],{},[23,143713,143715],{"className":25,"code":143714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"sam\n",[30,143716,143717],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143718,143719],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143720,143714],{"class":39},[14,143722,143723],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[23,143725,143727],{"className":25,"code":143726,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[30,143728,143729,143742,143746,143768],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143730,143731,143733,143735,143737,143740],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143732,136574],{"class":39},[33,143734,44],{"class":43},[33,143736,91],{"class":79},[33,143738,143739],{"class":83}," yes  ",[33,143741,3532],{"class":79},[33,143743,143744],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143745,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,143747,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143749,7156],{"class":4046},[33,143751,136594],{"class":39},[33,143753,310],{"class":47},[33,143755,8790],{"class":162},[33,143757,1360],{"class":47},[33,143759,6568],{"class":43},[33,143761,91],{"class":79},[33,143763,8813],{"class":83},[33,143765,80],{"class":79},[33,143767,6553],{"class":47},[33,143769,143770,143772,143774,143776,143779,143781],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,143771,8227],{"class":156},[33,143773,133],{"class":47},[33,143775,80],{"class":79},[33,143777,143778],{"class":83},"Matched",[33,143780,80],{"class":79},[33,143782,143],{"class":47},[14,143784,207],{},[23,143786,143788],{"className":25,"code":143787,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Matched\n",[30,143789,143790],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143791,143792],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143793,143787],{"class":39},[14,143795,143796,143797,310],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[273,143798,143800],{"href":143799},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143802,143803],{},"Example with file-style text:",[23,143805,143807],{"className":25,"code":143806,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[30,143808,143809,143825,143839],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143810,143811,143814,143816,143818,143821,143823],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143812,143813],{"class":39},"line ",[33,143815,44],{"class":43},[33,143817,91],{"class":79},[33,143819,143820],{"class":83},"Python basics",[33,143822,87129],{"class":34609},[33,143824,3532],{"class":79},[33,143826,143827,143829,143831,143833,143835,143837],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143828,157],{"class":156},[33,143830,133],{"class":47},[33,143832,41932],{"class":156},[33,143834,133],{"class":47},[33,143836,35],{"class":162},[33,143838,733],{"class":47},[33,143840,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,143842,157],{"class":156},[33,143844,133],{"class":47},[33,143846,41932],{"class":156},[33,143848,133],{"class":47},[33,143850,35],{"class":162},[33,143852,310],{"class":47},[33,143854,8790],{"class":162},[33,143856,6449],{"class":47},[14,143858,207],{},[23,143860,143862],{"className":25,"code":143861,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[30,143863,143864,143875],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143865,143866,143868,143870,143873],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143867,236],{"class":43481},[33,143869,143820],{"class":43485},[33,143871,87129],{"class":143872},"sfi6f",[33,143874,29853],{"class":43481},[33,143876,143877,143879,143881],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143878,236],{"class":43481},[33,143880,143820],{"class":43485},[33,143882,29853],{"class":43481},[14,143884,1357,143885,143887,143888,310],{},[30,143886,122545],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[30,143889,87129],{},[14,143891,143892,143893,310],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[273,143894,143895],{"href":87782},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[18,143897,143899],{"id":143898},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143901,143902,143903,310],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[30,143904,143905],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143907,143908],{},"Python will:",[316,143910,143911,143914,143917],{},[319,143912,143913],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[319,143915,143916],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[319,143918,143919],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143921,367],{},[23,143923,143925],{"className":25,"code":143924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[30,143926,143927,143940],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143928,143929,143931,143933,143935,143938],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143930,34843],{"class":39},[33,143932,44],{"class":43},[33,143934,91],{"class":79},[33,143936,143937],{"class":83},"??hello!!",[33,143939,3532],{"class":79},[33,143941,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958,143960],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143943,157],{"class":156},[33,143945,133],{"class":47},[33,143947,34864],{"class":162},[33,143949,310],{"class":47},[33,143951,8790],{"class":162},[33,143953,133],{"class":47},[33,143955,80],{"class":79},[33,143957,143600],{"class":83},[33,143959,80],{"class":79},[33,143961,733],{"class":47},[14,143963,207],{},[23,143965,143966],{"className":25,"code":138646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,143967,143968],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143969,143970],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143971,138646],{"class":39},[14,143973,52232],{},[23,143975,143977],{"className":25,"code":143976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[30,143978,143979,143992],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,143980,143981,143983,143985,143987,143990],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,143982,34843],{"class":39},[33,143984,44],{"class":43},[33,143986,91],{"class":79},[33,143988,143989],{"class":83},"abcHelloCba",[33,143991,3532],{"class":79},[33,143993,143994,143996,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008,144010,144012],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,143995,157],{"class":156},[33,143997,133],{"class":47},[33,143999,34864],{"class":162},[33,144001,310],{"class":47},[33,144003,8790],{"class":162},[33,144005,133],{"class":47},[33,144007,80],{"class":79},[33,144009,138],{"class":83},[33,144011,80],{"class":79},[33,144013,733],{"class":47},[14,144015,207],{},[23,144017,144019],{"className":25,"code":144018,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"HelloC\n",[30,144020,144021],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144022,144023],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144024,144018],{"class":39},[14,144026,6394],{},[14,144028,144029,14207,144032,144034,144035,144037,144038,1931,144040,2370,144042,144044],{},[30,144030,144031],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[205,144033,4796],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[30,144036,138],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[30,144039,273],{},[30,144041,282],{},[30,144043,291],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144046,144047],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144049,144050,144051,6789],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[273,144052,144053],{"href":129912},[30,144054,124502],{},[18,144056,144058,10739,144060,10739,144063],{"id":144057},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[30,144059,41806],{},[30,144061,144062],{},"lstrip()",[30,144064,144065],{},"rstrip()",[14,144067,144068],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[316,144070,144071,144076,144081],{},[319,144072,144073,144075],{},[30,144074,41806],{}," removes from both ends",[319,144077,144078,144080],{},[30,144079,144062],{}," removes from the left side only",[319,144082,144083,144085],{},[30,144084,144065],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144087,367],{},[23,144089,144091],{"className":25,"code":144090,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[30,144092,144093,144105,144109,144127,144146],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144094,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144096,34843],{"class":39},[33,144098,44],{"class":43},[33,144100,91],{"class":79},[33,144102,143338],{"class":83},[33,144104,3532],{"class":79},[33,144106,144107],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144108,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,144110,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144112,157],{"class":156},[33,144114,133],{"class":47},[33,144116,41932],{"class":156},[33,144118,133],{"class":47},[33,144120,34864],{"class":162},[33,144122,310],{"class":47},[33,144124,8790],{"class":162},[33,144126,6449],{"class":47},[33,144128,144129,144131,144133,144135,144137,144139,144141,144144],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144130,157],{"class":156},[33,144132,133],{"class":47},[33,144134,41932],{"class":156},[33,144136,133],{"class":47},[33,144138,34864],{"class":162},[33,144140,310],{"class":47},[33,144142,144143],{"class":162},"lstrip",[33,144145,6449],{"class":47},[33,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160,144163],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,144149,157],{"class":156},[33,144151,133],{"class":47},[33,144153,41932],{"class":156},[33,144155,133],{"class":47},[33,144157,34864],{"class":162},[33,144159,310],{"class":47},[33,144161,144162],{"class":162},"rstrip",[33,144164,6449],{"class":47},[14,144166,207],{},[23,144168,144170],{"className":25,"code":144169,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[30,144171,144172,144180,144189],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144173,144174,144176,144178],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144175,236],{"class":43481},[33,144177,545],{"class":43485},[33,144179,29853],{"class":43481},[33,144181,144182,144184,144187],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144183,236],{"class":43481},[33,144185,144186],{"class":43485},"hello  ",[33,144188,29853],{"class":43481},[33,144190,144191,144193,144196],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144192,236],{"class":43481},[33,144194,144195],{"class":43485},"  hello",[33,144197,29853],{"class":43481},[14,144199,144200],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[18,144202,108339],{"id":108338},[14,144204,144205],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[316,144207,144208,144216,144226,144229],{},[319,144209,144210,144212,144213,144215],{},[30,144211,144031],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[30,144214,41683],{}," once",[319,144217,144218,144219,1931,144221,2370,144223,144225],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[30,144220,273],{},[30,144222,282],{},[30,144224,291],{}," from both ends",[319,144227,144228],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[319,144230,144231],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144233,367],{},[23,144235,144237],{"className":25,"code":144236,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[30,144238,144239,144252],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144240,144241,144243,144245,144247,144250],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144242,126414],{"class":39},[33,144244,44],{"class":43},[33,144246,91],{"class":79},[33,144248,144249],{"class":83},"txt_report.txt",[33,144251,3532],{"class":79},[33,144253,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264,144266,144268,144270,144272],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144255,157],{"class":156},[33,144257,133],{"class":47},[33,144259,126432],{"class":162},[33,144261,310],{"class":47},[33,144263,8790],{"class":162},[33,144265,133],{"class":47},[33,144267,80],{"class":79},[33,144269,126467],{"class":83},[33,144271,80],{"class":79},[33,144273,733],{"class":47},[14,144275,207],{},[23,144277,144279],{"className":25,"code":144278,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"_report\n",[30,144280,144281],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144282,144283],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144284,144278],{"class":39},[14,144286,144287,144288,1931,144290,2370,144292,144294],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[30,144289,310],{},[30,144291,63262],{},[30,144293,2351],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144296,53802,144297,4949,144300,144302],{},[30,144298,144299],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[205,144301,4796],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144304,144305,144306,144310],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[273,144307,144308],{"href":129912},[30,144309,124502],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[18,144312,5127,144314],{"id":144313},"when-to-use-strip",[30,144315,41806],{},[14,144317,672,144318,144320],{},[30,144319,41806],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144322,36579],{},[316,144324,144325,144329,144331,144334],{},[319,144326,143647,144327,4056],{},[30,144328,3134],{},[319,144330,143652],{},[319,144332,144333],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[319,144335,144336],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144338,367],{},[23,144340,144342],{"className":25,"code":144341,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[30,144343,144344,144358,144362,144375],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144345,144346,144349,144351,144353,144356],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144347,144348],{"class":39},"email ",[33,144350,44],{"class":43},[33,144352,91],{"class":79},[33,144354,144355],{"class":83},"  user@example.com  ",[33,144357,3532],{"class":79},[33,144359,144360],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144361,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,144363,144364,144366,144369,144371,144373],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144365,7156],{"class":4046},[33,144367,144368],{"class":39}," email",[33,144370,310],{"class":47},[33,144372,8790],{"class":162},[33,144374,21749],{"class":47},[33,144376,144377,144379,144381,144383,144386,144388],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144378,8227],{"class":156},[33,144380,133],{"class":47},[33,144382,80],{"class":79},[33,144384,144385],{"class":83},"Email was entered",[33,144387,80],{"class":79},[33,144389,143],{"class":47},[14,144391,207],{},[23,144393,144395],{"className":25,"code":144394,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Email was entered\n",[30,144396,144397],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144398,144399],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144400,144394],{"class":39},[14,144402,144403,144404,144406,144407,310],{},"You may also combine ",[30,144405,41806],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[273,144408,144409],{"href":124058},[30,144410,124061],{},[18,144412,3006],{"id":3005},[14,144414,84216],{},[316,144416,144417,144421,144426,144431],{},[319,144418,1487,144419,131551],{},[30,144420,41806],{},[319,144422,1487,144423,144425],{},[30,144424,41806],{}," to remove text from the middle",[319,144427,1357,144428,144430],{},[30,144429,144299],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[319,144432,4870,144433,144436],{},[30,144434,144435],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144438,144439],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[23,144441,144443],{"className":25,"code":144442,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[30,144444,144445,144459,144463,144473,144487,144501],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144446,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144448,34843],{"class":39},[33,144450,44],{"class":43},[33,144452,91],{"class":79},[33,144454,144195],{"class":83},[33,144456,87129],{"class":34609},[33,144458,3532],{"class":79},[33,144460,144461],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144462,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,144464,144465,144467,144469,144471],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144466,157],{"class":156},[33,144468,133],{"class":47},[33,144470,34864],{"class":162},[33,144472,143],{"class":47},[33,144474,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483,144485],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144476,157],{"class":156},[33,144478,133],{"class":47},[33,144480,41932],{"class":156},[33,144482,133],{"class":47},[33,144484,34864],{"class":162},[33,144486,733],{"class":47},[33,144488,144489,144491,144493,144495,144497,144499],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,144490,157],{"class":156},[33,144492,133],{"class":47},[33,144494,34864],{"class":162},[33,144496,310],{"class":47},[33,144498,8790],{"class":162},[33,144500,7353],{"class":47},[33,144502,144503,144505,144507,144509,144511,144513,144515,144517],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,144504,157],{"class":156},[33,144506,133],{"class":47},[33,144508,41932],{"class":156},[33,144510,133],{"class":47},[33,144512,34864],{"class":162},[33,144514,310],{"class":47},[33,144516,8790],{"class":162},[33,144518,6449],{"class":47},[14,144520,207],{},[23,144522,144524],{"className":25,"code":144523,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[30,144525,144526,144531,144535,144545,144549],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144527,144528],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144529,144530],{"class":39},"  hello\n",[33,144532,144533],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144534,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,144536,144537,144539,144541,144543],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144538,236],{"class":43481},[33,144540,144195],{"class":43485},[33,144542,87129],{"class":143872},[33,144544,29853],{"class":43481},[33,144546,144547],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144548,138646],{"class":39},[33,144550,144551,144553,144555],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,144552,236],{"class":43481},[33,144554,545],{"class":43485},[33,144556,29853],{"class":43481},[14,144558,144559],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[23,144561,144563],{"className":25,"code":144562,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[30,144564,144565,144575,144589,144603,144621],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144566,144567,144569,144571,144573],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144568,157],{"class":156},[33,144570,133],{"class":47},[33,144572,34864],{"class":162},[33,144574,143],{"class":47},[33,144576,144577,144579,144581,144583,144585,144587],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144578,157],{"class":156},[33,144580,133],{"class":47},[33,144582,41932],{"class":156},[33,144584,133],{"class":47},[33,144586,34864],{"class":162},[33,144588,733],{"class":47},[33,144590,144591,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144592,157],{"class":156},[33,144594,133],{"class":47},[33,144596,34864],{"class":162},[33,144598,310],{"class":47},[33,144600,8790],{"class":162},[33,144602,7353],{"class":47},[33,144604,144605,144607,144609,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144606,157],{"class":156},[33,144608,133],{"class":47},[33,144610,41932],{"class":156},[33,144612,133],{"class":47},[33,144614,34864],{"class":162},[33,144616,310],{"class":47},[33,144618,8790],{"class":162},[33,144620,6449],{"class":47},[33,144622,144623,144625,144627,144629,144631,144633],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,144624,32307],{"class":156},[33,144626,133],{"class":47},[33,144628,3617],{"class":129},[33,144630,310],{"class":47},[33,144632,8790],{"class":24904},[33,144634,143],{"class":47},[14,144636,144637,144639],{},[30,144638,122545],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[18,144641,1961],{"id":1960},[664,144643,12857,144645,144647],{"id":144644},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[30,144646,41806],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144649,46519,144650,144652],{},[30,144651,41806],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[664,144654,12857,144656,124658],{"id":144655},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[30,144657,41806],{},[14,144659,144660],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[664,144662,2007,144664,144666],{"id":144663},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[30,144665,41806],{}," remove by default?",[14,144668,144669],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[664,144671,34361,144673,34364,144675,2033],{"id":144672},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[30,144674,41806],{},[30,144676,124502],{},[14,144678,144679,144681,144682,144684],{},[30,144680,41806],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[30,144683,124502],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[664,144686,144688],{"id":144687},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144690,128204,144691,144693,144694,144696],{},[30,144692,144062],{}," for the left side and ",[30,144695,144065],{}," for the right side.",[18,144698,2045],{"id":2044},[316,144700,144701,144707,144713,144718,144723],{},[319,144702,144703],{},[273,144704,126331,144705,887],{"href":124058},[30,144706,124061],{},[319,144708,144709],{},[273,144710,126331,144711,887],{"href":129912},[30,144712,124502],{},[319,144714,144715],{},[273,144716,144717],{"href":143799},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[319,144719,144720],{},[273,144721,144722],{"href":87782},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[319,144724,144725],{},[273,144726,125086],{"href":51129},[2097,144728,144729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":144731},[144732,144733,144735,144739,144741,144742,144744,144745,144747,144748,144759],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":143384,"depth":69,"text":144734},"What strip() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":144736},[144737,144738],{"id":143507,"depth":110,"text":143499},{"id":143558,"depth":110,"text":143504},{"id":143632,"depth":69,"text":144740},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143898,"depth":69,"text":143899},{"id":144057,"depth":69,"text":144743},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108338,"depth":69,"text":108339},{"id":144313,"depth":69,"text":144746},"When to use strip()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":144749},[144750,144752,144754,144756,144758],{"id":144644,"depth":110,"text":144751},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144655,"depth":110,"text":144753},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144663,"depth":110,"text":144755},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144672,"depth":110,"text":144757},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144687,"depth":110,"text":144688},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143305,"description":144760},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144767,"title":144768,"body":144769,"description":145949,"extension":2138,"meta":145950,"navigation":149,"path":145951,"seo":145952,"stem":145953,"__hash__":145954},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144770,"toc":145919},[144771,144776,144781,144786,144788,144834,144842,144847,144861,144867,144869,144871,144886,144888,144898,144901,144932,144935,144958,144960,144963,145020,145022,145036,145038,145052,145058,145063,145066,145107,145109,145118,145126,145129,145174,145176,145185,145188,145192,145197,145211,145213,145245,145247,145267,145270,145275,145280,145282,145293,145296,145353,145355,145363,145372,145374,145376,145382,145384,145421,145423,145431,145433,145474,145476,145485,145490,145495,145497,145524,145531,145534,145565,145567,145576,145582,145591,145622,145624,145636,145649,145653,145658,145688,145690,145757,145759,145769,145771,145776,145779,145784,145789,145793,145799,145805,145808,145810,145868,145870,145878,145880,145916],[10,144772,123331,144774,2059],{"id":144773},"python-string-upper-method",[30,144775,128209],{},[14,144777,123336,144778,144780],{},[30,144779,128209],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144782,84593,144783,144785],{},[30,144784,128209],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[18,144787,2180],{"id":2179},[23,144789,144791],{"className":25,"code":144790,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[30,144792,144793,144805,144819,144829],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144794,144795,144797,144799,144801,144803],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144796,34843],{"class":39},[33,144798,44],{"class":43},[33,144800,91],{"class":79},[33,144802,129050],{"class":83},[33,144804,3532],{"class":79},[33,144806,144807,144809,144811,144813,144815,144817],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144808,1506],{"class":39},[33,144810,44],{"class":43},[33,144812,42995],{"class":39},[33,144814,310],{"class":47},[33,144816,34633],{"class":162},[33,144818,1671],{"class":47},[33,144820,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144822,157],{"class":156},[33,144824,133],{"class":47},[33,144826,1530],{"class":162},[33,144828,143],{"class":47},[33,144830,144831],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,144832,144833],{"class":1308},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144835,144836,144838,144839,144841],{},[30,144837,128209],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[205,144840,4796],{}," change the original string in place.",[18,144843,3848,144845,3851],{"id":144844},"what-upper-does",[30,144846,128209],{},[316,144848,144849,144854,144857,144859],{},[319,144850,144851,144853],{},[30,144852,128209],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[319,144855,144856],{},"It works on string values only",[319,144858,133579],{},[319,144860,136297],{},[14,144862,125083,144863,453,144865,310],{},[273,144864,136303],{"href":136302},[273,144866,125086],{"href":51129},[18,144868,2334],{"id":2333},[14,144870,2337],{},[23,144872,144874],{"className":25,"code":144873,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"string.upper()\n",[30,144875,144876],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144879,61149],{"class":39},[33,144881,310],{"class":47},[33,144883,34633],{"class":162},[33,144885,1671],{"class":47},[14,144887,11610],{},[316,144889,144890,144892,144895],{},[319,144891,97504],{},[319,144893,144894],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[319,144896,144897],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144899,144900],{},"Example with a variable:",[23,144902,144904],{"className":25,"code":144903,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[30,144905,144906,144918],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144907,144908,144910,144912,144914,144916],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144909,8034],{"class":39},[33,144911,44],{"class":43},[33,144913,91],{"class":79},[33,144915,27],{"class":83},[33,144917,3532],{"class":79},[33,144919,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928,144930],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144921,157],{"class":156},[33,144923,133],{"class":47},[33,144925,7827],{"class":162},[33,144927,310],{"class":47},[33,144929,34633],{"class":162},[33,144931,7353],{"class":47},[14,144933,144934],{},"Example with a string literal:",[23,144936,144938],{"className":25,"code":144937,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[30,144939,144940],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952,144954,144956],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144943,157],{"class":156},[33,144945,133],{"class":47},[33,144947,80],{"class":79},[33,144949,545],{"class":83},[33,144951,80],{"class":79},[33,144953,310],{"class":47},[33,144955,34633],{"class":162},[33,144957,7353],{"class":47},[18,144959,11627],{"id":11626},[14,144961,144962],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[23,144964,144966],{"className":25,"code":144965,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[30,144967,144968,144980,144995,144999,145009],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,144969,144970,144972,144974,144976,144978],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,144971,6313],{"class":39},[33,144973,44],{"class":43},[33,144975,91],{"class":79},[33,144977,4255],{"class":83},[33,144979,3532],{"class":79},[33,144981,144982,144985,144987,144989,144991,144993],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,144983,144984],{"class":39},"uppercase_word ",[33,144986,44],{"class":43},[33,144988,38535],{"class":39},[33,144990,310],{"class":47},[33,144992,34633],{"class":162},[33,144994,1671],{"class":47},[33,144996,144997],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,144998,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145000,145001,145003,145005,145007],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145002,157],{"class":156},[33,145004,133],{"class":47},[33,145006,38545],{"class":162},[33,145008,143],{"class":47},[33,145010,145011,145013,145015,145018],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,145012,157],{"class":156},[33,145014,133],{"class":47},[33,145016,145017],{"class":162},"uppercase_word",[33,145019,143],{"class":47},[14,145021,207],{},[23,145023,145025],{"className":25,"code":145024,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"banana\nBANANA\n",[30,145026,145027,145031],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145028,145029],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145030,70382],{"class":39},[33,145032,145033],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145034,145035],{"class":34609},"BANANA\n",[14,145037,112445],{},[316,145039,145040,145045],{},[319,145041,145042,145044],{},[30,145043,38545],{}," keeps its original value",[319,145046,145047,145049,145050],{},[30,145048,145017],{}," stores the returned value from ",[30,145051,128209],{},[18,145053,145055,145057],{"id":145054},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[30,145056,128209],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145059,136963,145060,145062],{},[205,145061,136966],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145064,145065],{},"So this method:",[23,145067,145069],{"className":25,"code":145068,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[30,145070,145071,145083,145093,145097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145072,145073,145075,145077,145079,145081],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145074,8034],{"class":39},[33,145076,44],{"class":43},[33,145078,91],{"class":79},[33,145080,17956],{"class":83},[33,145082,3532],{"class":79},[33,145084,145085,145087,145089,145091],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145086,7827],{"class":39},[33,145088,310],{"class":47},[33,145090,34633],{"class":162},[33,145092,1671],{"class":47},[33,145094,145095],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145096,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145098,145099,145101,145103,145105],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145100,157],{"class":156},[33,145102,133],{"class":47},[33,145104,7827],{"class":162},[33,145106,143],{"class":47},[14,145108,207],{},[23,145110,145112],{"className":25,"code":145111,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"alice\n",[30,145113,145114],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145115,145116],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145117,145111],{"class":39},[14,145119,21131,145120,145122,145123,145125],{},[30,145121,128209],{}," was called, ",[30,145124,7827],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145127,145128],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[23,145130,145132],{"className":25,"code":145131,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[30,145133,145134,145146,145160,145164],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145135,145136,145138,145140,145142,145144],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145137,8034],{"class":39},[33,145139,44],{"class":43},[33,145141,91],{"class":79},[33,145143,17956],{"class":83},[33,145145,3532],{"class":79},[33,145147,145148,145150,145152,145154,145156,145158],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145149,8034],{"class":39},[33,145151,44],{"class":43},[33,145153,36147],{"class":39},[33,145155,310],{"class":47},[33,145157,34633],{"class":162},[33,145159,1671],{"class":47},[33,145161,145162],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145163,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145165,145166,145168,145170,145172],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145167,157],{"class":156},[33,145169,133],{"class":47},[33,145171,7827],{"class":162},[33,145173,143],{"class":47},[14,145175,207],{},[23,145177,145179],{"className":25,"code":145178,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ALICE\n",[30,145180,145181],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145182,145183],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145184,145178],{"class":34609},[14,145186,145187],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[18,145189,145191],{"id":145190},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145193,145194,145196],{},[30,145195,128209],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[316,145198,145199,145202,145205,145208],{},[319,145200,145201],{},"Numbers stay the same",[319,145203,145204],{},"Spaces stay the same",[319,145206,145207],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[319,145209,145210],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145212,367],{},[23,145214,145216],{"className":25,"code":145215,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[30,145217,145218,145231],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145219,145220,145222,145224,145226,145229],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145221,34843],{"class":39},[33,145223,44],{"class":43},[33,145225,91],{"class":79},[33,145227,145228],{"class":83},"Room 7, table #3!",[33,145230,3532],{"class":79},[33,145232,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241,145243],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145234,157],{"class":156},[33,145236,133],{"class":47},[33,145238,34864],{"class":162},[33,145240,310],{"class":47},[33,145242,34633],{"class":162},[33,145244,7353],{"class":47},[14,145246,207],{},[23,145248,145250],{"className":25,"code":145249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[30,145251,145252],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145253,145254,145257,145259,145261,145264],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145255,145256],{"class":34609},"ROOM",[33,145258,6153],{"class":51},[33,145260,55],{"class":47},[33,145262,145263],{"class":34609}," TABLE",[33,145265,145266],{"class":1308}," #3!\n",[14,145268,145269],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[18,145271,5127,145273],{"id":145272},"when-to-use-upper",[30,145274,128209],{},[14,145276,145277,145279],{},[30,145278,128209],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145281,48493],{},[316,145283,145284,145287,145290],{},[319,145285,145286],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[319,145288,145289],{},"Format labels or headings",[319,145291,145292],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145294,145295],{},"Example: simple comparison",[23,145297,145299],{"className":25,"code":145298,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[30,145300,145301,145313,145317,145339],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145302,145303,145305,145307,145309,145311],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145304,136574],{"class":39},[33,145306,44],{"class":43},[33,145308,91],{"class":79},[33,145310,8813],{"class":83},[33,145312,3532],{"class":79},[33,145314,145315],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145316,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145318,145319,145321,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335,145337],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145320,7156],{"class":4046},[33,145322,136594],{"class":39},[33,145324,310],{"class":47},[33,145326,34633],{"class":162},[33,145328,1360],{"class":47},[33,145330,6568],{"class":43},[33,145332,91],{"class":79},[33,145334,136581],{"class":83},[33,145336,80],{"class":79},[33,145338,6553],{"class":47},[33,145340,145341,145343,145345,145347,145349,145351],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145342,8227],{"class":156},[33,145344,133],{"class":47},[33,145346,80],{"class":79},[33,145348,143778],{"class":83},[33,145350,80],{"class":79},[33,145352,143],{"class":47},[14,145354,207],{},[23,145356,145357],{"className":25,"code":143787,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,145358,145359],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145360,145361],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145362,143787],{"class":39},[14,145364,145365,145366,1931,145368,2370,145370,310],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[30,145367,8813],{},[30,145369,137367],{},[30,145371,136581],{},[18,145373,3006],{"id":3005},[664,145375,95865],{"id":95864},[14,145377,8274,145378,145381],{},[30,145379,145380],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145383,16796],{},[23,145385,145387],{"className":25,"code":145386,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[30,145388,145389,145401,145411],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145390,145391,145393,145395,145397,145399],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145392,34843],{"class":39},[33,145394,44],{"class":43},[33,145396,91],{"class":79},[33,145398,545],{"class":83},[33,145400,3532],{"class":79},[33,145402,145403,145405,145407,145409],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145404,34864],{"class":39},[33,145406,310],{"class":47},[33,145408,34633],{"class":162},[33,145410,1671],{"class":47},[33,145412,145413,145415,145417,145419],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145414,157],{"class":156},[33,145416,133],{"class":47},[33,145418,34864],{"class":162},[33,145420,143],{"class":47},[14,145422,207],{},[23,145424,145425],{"className":25,"code":138646,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,145426,145427],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145428,145429],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145430,138646],{"class":39},[14,145432,16808],{},[23,145434,145436],{"className":25,"code":145435,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[30,145437,145438,145450,145464],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145441,34843],{"class":39},[33,145443,44],{"class":43},[33,145445,91],{"class":79},[33,145447,545],{"class":83},[33,145449,3532],{"class":79},[33,145451,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145453,34843],{"class":39},[33,145455,44],{"class":43},[33,145457,42995],{"class":39},[33,145459,310],{"class":47},[33,145461,34633],{"class":162},[33,145463,1671],{"class":47},[33,145465,145466,145468,145470,145472],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145467,157],{"class":156},[33,145469,133],{"class":47},[33,145471,34864],{"class":162},[33,145473,143],{"class":47},[14,145475,207],{},[23,145477,145479],{"className":25,"code":145478,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"HELLO\n",[30,145480,145481],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145482,145483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145484,145478],{"class":34609},[664,145486,19060,145488,137253],{"id":145487},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[30,145489,128209],{},[14,145491,145492,145494],{},[30,145493,128209],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145496,367],{},[23,145498,145500],{"className":25,"code":145499,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[30,145501,145502,145510],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145503,145504,145506,145508],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145505,2394],{"class":39},[33,145507,44],{"class":43},[33,145509,125013],{"class":51},[33,145511,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520,145522],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145513,157],{"class":156},[33,145515,133],{"class":47},[33,145517,2416],{"class":162},[33,145519,310],{"class":47},[33,145521,34633],{"class":162},[33,145523,7353],{"class":47},[14,145525,39808,145526,145528,145529,33756],{},[30,145527,2366],{}," objects do not have an ",[30,145530,128209],{},[14,145532,145533],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[23,145535,145537],{"className":25,"code":145536,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[30,145538,145539,145547],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145540,145541,145543,145545],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145542,2394],{"class":39},[33,145544,44],{"class":43},[33,145546,125013],{"class":51},[33,145548,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559,145561,145563],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145550,157],{"class":156},[33,145552,133],{"class":47},[33,145554,3617],{"class":129},[33,145556,133],{"class":47},[33,145558,2416],{"class":162},[33,145560,8787],{"class":47},[33,145562,34633],{"class":162},[33,145564,7353],{"class":47},[14,145566,207],{},[23,145568,145570],{"className":25,"code":145569,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"123\n",[30,145571,145572],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145573,145574],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145575,145569],{"class":51},[664,145577,37358,145579,145581],{"id":145578},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[30,145580,128209],{}," with title case",[14,145583,145584,145586,145587,145590],{},[30,145585,128209],{}," makes ",[205,145588,145589],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[23,145592,145594],{"className":25,"code":145593,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[30,145595,145596,145608],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145597,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145599,34843],{"class":39},[33,145601,44],{"class":43},[33,145603,91],{"class":79},[33,145605,1517],{"class":83},[33,145607,3532],{"class":79},[33,145609,145610,145612,145614,145616,145618,145620],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145611,157],{"class":156},[33,145613,133],{"class":47},[33,145615,34864],{"class":162},[33,145617,310],{"class":47},[33,145619,34633],{"class":162},[33,145621,7353],{"class":47},[14,145623,207],{},[23,145625,145627],{"className":25,"code":145626,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"HELLO WORLD\n",[30,145628,145629],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145630,145631,145633],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145632,136355],{"class":34609},[33,145634,145635],{"class":34609}," WORLD\n",[14,145637,145638,145639,145643,145644,145648],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[273,145640,145641],{"href":124058},[30,145642,124061],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[273,145645,145646],{"href":129912},[30,145647,124502],{}," changes parts of a string.",[18,145650,145652],{"id":145651},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145654,145655,145656,3061],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[30,145657,128209],{},[316,145659,145660,145667,145674,145681],{},[319,145661,145662,145666],{},[273,145663,145664],{"href":124058},[30,145665,124061],{}," for lowercase text",[319,145668,145669,145673],{},[273,145670,145671],{"href":136901},[30,145672,41806],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[319,145675,145676,145680],{},[273,145677,145678],{"href":129912},[30,145679,124502],{}," for changing parts of a string",[319,145682,145683,2030,145685,145687],{},[30,145684,127699],{},[30,145686,126389],{}," for checks",[14,145689,367],{},[23,145691,145693],{"className":25,"code":145692,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[30,145694,145695,145707,145711,145726,145742,145746],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145696,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145698,34843],{"class":39},[33,145700,44],{"class":43},[33,145702,91],{"class":79},[33,145704,143429],{"class":83},[33,145706,3532],{"class":79},[33,145708,145709],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145710,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145712,145713,145716,145718,145720,145722,145724],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145714,145715],{"class":39},"cleaned ",[33,145717,44],{"class":43},[33,145719,42995],{"class":39},[33,145721,310],{"class":47},[33,145723,8790],{"class":162},[33,145725,1671],{"class":47},[33,145727,145728,145731,145733,145736,145738,145740],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145729,145730],{"class":39},"loud ",[33,145732,44],{"class":43},[33,145734,145735],{"class":39}," cleaned",[33,145737,310],{"class":47},[33,145739,34633],{"class":162},[33,145741,1671],{"class":47},[33,145743,145744],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,145745,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145747,145748,145750,145752,145755],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,145749,157],{"class":156},[33,145751,133],{"class":47},[33,145753,145754],{"class":162},"loud",[33,145756,143],{"class":47},[14,145758,207],{},[23,145760,145761],{"className":25,"code":145626,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,145762,145763],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145764,145765,145767],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145766,136355],{"class":34609},[33,145768,145635],{"class":34609},[18,145770,1961],{"id":1960},[664,145772,12857,145774,124658],{"id":145773},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[30,145775,128209],{},[14,145777,145778],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[664,145780,12857,145782,137635],{"id":145781},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[30,145783,128209],{},[14,145785,145786,145787,310],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[30,145788,145380],{},[664,145790,145792],{"id":145791},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145794,145795,145796,145798],{},"They stay the same. ",[30,145797,128209],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[664,145800,28481,145802,145804],{"id":145801},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[30,145803,128209],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145806,145807],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145809,367],{},[23,145811,145813],{"className":25,"code":145812,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[30,145814,145815,145827,145840,145844],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145816,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145818,2729],{"class":39},[33,145820,44],{"class":43},[33,145822,91],{"class":79},[33,145824,27],{"class":83},[33,145826,3532],{"class":79},[33,145828,145829,145831,145833,145835,145838],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,145830,2757],{"class":39},[33,145832,44],{"class":43},[33,145834,91],{"class":79},[33,145836,145837],{"class":83},"PYTHON",[33,145839,3532],{"class":79},[33,145841,145842],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,145843,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,145845,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862,145864,145866],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,145847,157],{"class":156},[33,145849,133],{"class":47},[33,145851,273],{"class":162},[33,145853,310],{"class":47},[33,145855,34633],{"class":162},[33,145857,1360],{"class":47},[33,145859,6568],{"class":43},[33,145861,2734],{"class":162},[33,145863,310],{"class":47},[33,145865,34633],{"class":162},[33,145867,7353],{"class":47},[14,145869,207],{},[23,145871,145872],{"className":25,"code":4148,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145875,145876],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145877,4148],{"class":398},[18,145879,2045],{"id":2044},[316,145881,145882,145886,145892,145898,145904,145908,145912],{},[319,145883,145884],{},[273,145885,125086],{"href":51129},[319,145887,145888],{},[273,145889,126331,145890,887],{"href":124058},[30,145891,124061],{},[319,145893,145894],{},[273,145895,126331,145896,887],{"href":136901},[30,145897,41806],{},[319,145899,145900],{},[273,145901,126331,145902,887],{"href":129912},[30,145903,124502],{},[319,145905,145906],{},[273,145907,90659],{"href":89668},[319,145909,145910],{},[273,145911,124730],{"href":123586},[319,145913,145914],{},[273,145915,137721],{"href":136302},[2097,145917,145918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":145920},[145921,145922,145924,145925,145926,145928,145929,145931,145938,145939,145948],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":144844,"depth":69,"text":145923},"What upper() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":145054,"depth":69,"text":145927},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145190,"depth":69,"text":145191},{"id":145272,"depth":69,"text":145930},"When to use upper()",{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":145932},[145933,145934,145936],{"id":95864,"depth":110,"text":95865},{"id":145487,"depth":110,"text":145935},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145578,"depth":110,"text":145937},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145651,"depth":69,"text":145652},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":145940},[145941,145943,145945,145946],{"id":145773,"depth":110,"text":145942},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145781,"depth":110,"text":145944},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145791,"depth":110,"text":145792},{"id":145801,"depth":110,"text":145947},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144768,"description":145949},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145956,"title":145957,"body":145958,"description":147835,"extension":2138,"meta":147836,"navigation":149,"path":147837,"seo":147838,"stem":147839,"__hash__":147840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145959,"toc":147785},[145960,145966,145973,145979,145981,146037,146042,146047,146052,146055,146074,146077,146079,146103,146121,146132,146134,146137,146190,146192,146200,146202,146220,146225,146228,146285,146287,146296,146299,146319,146322,146328,146333,146335,146378,146380,146388,146391,146432,146434,146443,146449,146455,146482,146484,146492,146497,146501,146513,146556,146558,146566,146571,146577,146582,146586,146588,146631,146634,146681,146683,146692,146699,146703,146706,146752,146757,146761,146763,146806,146809,146817,146819,146824,146826,146828,146847,146850,146862,146864,146883,146885,146893,146897,146899,146950,146953,147028,147030,147038,147041,147045,147047,147094,147097,147168,147170,147178,147184,147186,147261,147265,147344,147346,147354,147360,147366,147371,147376,147425,147429,147500,147503,147508,147519,147522,147533,147543,147545,147550,147575,147580,147661,147663,147688,147690,147695,147698,147704,147713,147719,147722,147728,147734,147741,147744,147746,147782],[10,145961,2076,145963,2079],{"id":145962},"python-sum-function-explained",[30,145964,145965],{},"sum()",[14,145967,9279,145968,145970,145971,24918],{},[30,145969,145965],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[30,145972,1080],{},[14,145974,145975,145976,145978],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[30,145977,36228],{}," value and a few important limits.",[18,145980,2180],{"id":2179},[23,145982,145984],{"className":25,"code":145983,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[30,145985,145986,146010,146025],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,145987,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006,146008],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,145989,40],{"class":39},[33,145991,44],{"class":43},[33,145993,48],{"class":47},[33,145995,52],{"class":51},[33,145997,55],{"class":47},[33,145999,58],{"class":51},[33,146001,55],{"class":47},[33,146003,63],{"class":51},[33,146005,55],{"class":47},[33,146007,1132],{"class":51},[33,146009,66],{"class":47},[33,146011,146012,146014,146016,146019,146021,146023],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146013,41336],{"class":39},[33,146015,44],{"class":43},[33,146017,146018],{"class":156}," sum",[33,146020,133],{"class":47},[33,146022,163],{"class":162},[33,146024,143],{"class":47},[33,146026,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,146028,157],{"class":156},[33,146030,133],{"class":47},[33,146032,41365],{"class":162},[33,146034,3831],{"class":47},[33,146036,26947],{"class":1308},[14,146038,672,146039,146041],{},[30,146040,145965],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[18,146043,3848,146045,3851],{"id":146044},"what-sum-does",[30,146046,145965],{},[14,146048,146049,146051],{},[30,146050,145965],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146053,146054],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[316,146056,146057,146060,146063,146068],{},[319,146058,146059],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[319,146061,146062],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[319,146064,146065,146066],{},"Adding numbers from ",[30,146067,309],{},[319,146069,146070,146071,146073],{},"Counting ",[30,146072,3777],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146075,146076],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[18,146078,2334],{"id":2333},[23,146080,146082],{"className":25,"code":146081,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[30,146083,146084],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146085,146086,146089,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146087,146088],{"class":156},"sum",[33,146090,133],{"class":47},[33,146092,3892],{"class":162},[33,146094,55],{"class":47},[33,146096,36207],{"class":9331},[33,146098,44],{"class":43},[33,146100,1114],{"class":51},[33,146102,143],{"class":47},[316,146104,146105,146110,146115],{},[319,146106,146107,146109],{},[30,146108,3892],{}," is the group of values to add",[319,146111,146112,146114],{},[30,146113,36228],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[319,146116,146117,146118],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[30,146119,146120],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146122,146123,146124,146127,146128,310],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146125,146126,3892],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[273,146129,146130,24771],{"href":36349},[30,146131,309],{},[18,146133,11627],{"id":11626},[14,146135,146136],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[23,146138,146140],{"className":25,"code":146139,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[30,146141,146142,146162,146176,146180],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146143,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146145,40],{"class":39},[33,146147,44],{"class":43},[33,146149,48],{"class":47},[33,146151,1085],{"class":51},[33,146153,55],{"class":47},[33,146155,393],{"class":51},[33,146157,55],{"class":47},[33,146159,38091],{"class":51},[33,146161,66],{"class":47},[33,146163,146164,146166,146168,146170,146172,146174],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146165,41336],{"class":39},[33,146167,44],{"class":43},[33,146169,146018],{"class":156},[33,146171,133],{"class":47},[33,146173,163],{"class":162},[33,146175,143],{"class":47},[33,146177,146178],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,146179,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,146181,146182,146184,146186,146188],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,146183,157],{"class":156},[33,146185,133],{"class":47},[33,146187,41365],{"class":162},[33,146189,143],{"class":47},[14,146191,207],{},[23,146193,146194],{"className":25,"code":69816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,146195,146196],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146197,146198],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146199,69816],{"class":51},[14,146201,11836],{},[316,146203,146204,146209,146215],{},[319,146205,146206,146208],{},[30,146207,163],{}," contains three integers",[319,146210,146211,146214],{},[30,146212,146213],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[319,146216,146217,146218],{},"The result is stored in ",[30,146219,41365],{},[18,146221,36766,146223,8589],{"id":146222},"using-the-start-value",[30,146224,36228],{},[14,146226,146227],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[23,146229,146231],{"className":25,"code":146230,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[30,146232,146233,146253,146271,146275],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146234,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146236,40],{"class":39},[33,146238,44],{"class":43},[33,146240,48],{"class":47},[33,146242,52],{"class":51},[33,146244,55],{"class":47},[33,146246,58],{"class":51},[33,146248,55],{"class":47},[33,146250,63],{"class":51},[33,146252,66],{"class":47},[33,146254,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146256,41336],{"class":39},[33,146258,44],{"class":43},[33,146260,146018],{"class":156},[33,146262,133],{"class":47},[33,146264,163],{"class":162},[33,146266,55],{"class":47},[33,146268,393],{"class":51},[33,146270,143],{"class":47},[33,146272,146273],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,146274,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,146276,146277,146279,146281,146283],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,146278,157],{"class":156},[33,146280,133],{"class":47},[33,146282,41365],{"class":162},[33,146284,143],{"class":47},[14,146286,207],{},[23,146288,146290],{"className":25,"code":146289,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"16\n",[30,146291,146292],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146293,146294],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146295,146289],{"class":51},[14,146297,146298],{},"This works like:",[316,146300,146301,146306,146311,146315],{},[319,146302,146303,146304],{},"Start at ",[30,146305,538],{},[319,146307,146308,146309],{},"Add ",[30,146310,52],{},[319,146312,146308,146313],{},[30,146314,2234],{},[319,146316,146308,146317],{},[30,146318,2240],{},[14,146320,146321],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[18,146323,3848,146325,146327],{"id":146324},"what-sum-can-work-with",[30,146326,145965],{}," can work with",[14,146329,146330,146332],{},[30,146331,145965],{}," works with numeric values.",[664,146334,40579],{"id":1162},[23,146336,146338],{"className":25,"code":146337,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[30,146339,146340,146364],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146341,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146343,1071],{"class":39},[33,146345,44],{"class":43},[33,146347,48],{"class":47},[33,146349,52],{"class":51},[33,146351,55],{"class":47},[33,146353,58],{"class":51},[33,146355,55],{"class":47},[33,146357,63],{"class":51},[33,146359,55],{"class":47},[33,146361,1132],{"class":51},[33,146363,66],{"class":47},[33,146365,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146367,157],{"class":156},[33,146369,133],{"class":47},[33,146371,146088],{"class":156},[33,146373,133],{"class":47},[33,146375,1096],{"class":162},[33,146377,733],{"class":47},[14,146379,207],{},[23,146381,146382],{"className":25,"code":2551,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,146383,146384],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146385,146386],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146387,2551],{"class":51},[664,146389,146390],{"id":1165},"Floats",[23,146392,146394],{"className":25,"code":146393,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[30,146395,146396,146418],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146397,146398,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146411,146413,146416],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146399,83024],{"class":39},[33,146401,44],{"class":43},[33,146403,48],{"class":47},[33,146405,41312],{"class":51},[33,146407,55],{"class":47},[33,146409,146410],{"class":51}," 3.75",[33,146412,55],{"class":47},[33,146414,146415],{"class":51}," 1.25",[33,146417,66],{"class":47},[33,146419,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146421,157],{"class":156},[33,146423,133],{"class":47},[33,146425,146088],{"class":156},[33,146427,133],{"class":47},[33,146429,83060],{"class":162},[33,146431,733],{"class":47},[14,146433,207],{},[23,146435,146437],{"className":25,"code":146436,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"7.5\n",[30,146438,146439],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146440,146441],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146442,146436],{"class":51},[14,146444,146445,146446,310],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[273,146447,146448],{"href":2594},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[664,146450,146452,146453],{"id":146451},"values-from-range","Values from ",[30,146454,309],{},[23,146456,146458],{"className":25,"code":146457,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[30,146459,146460],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146461,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146463,157],{"class":156},[33,146465,133],{"class":47},[33,146467,146088],{"class":156},[33,146469,133],{"class":47},[33,146471,1080],{"class":156},[33,146473,133],{"class":47},[33,146475,52],{"class":51},[33,146477,55],{"class":47},[33,146479,37798],{"class":51},[33,146481,1890],{"class":47},[14,146483,207],{},[23,146485,146486],{"className":25,"code":47195,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,146487,146488],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146489,146490],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146491,47195],{"class":51},[14,146493,113535,146494,310],{},[30,146495,146496],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[664,146498,146500],{"id":146499},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146502,146503,146504,146506,146507,2030,146509,146506,146511,310],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[30,146505,3777],{}," acts like ",[30,146508,52],{},[30,146510,3844],{},[30,146512,1114],{},[23,146514,146516],{"className":25,"code":146515,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[30,146517,146518,146542],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146519,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146521,52119],{"class":39},[33,146523,44],{"class":43},[33,146525,48],{"class":47},[33,146527,3777],{"class":398},[33,146529,55],{"class":47},[33,146531,552],{"class":398},[33,146533,55],{"class":47},[33,146535,399],{"class":398},[33,146537,55],{"class":47},[33,146539,399],{"class":398},[33,146541,66],{"class":47},[33,146543,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146545,157],{"class":156},[33,146547,133],{"class":47},[33,146549,146088],{"class":156},[33,146551,133],{"class":47},[33,146553,52172],{"class":162},[33,146555,733],{"class":47},[14,146557,207],{},[23,146559,146560],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,146561,146562],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146563,146564],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146565,46771],{"class":51},[14,146567,146568,146569,310],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[30,146570,3777],{},[18,146572,3848,146574,146576],{"id":146573},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[30,146575,145965],{}," does not work with",[14,146578,146579,146581],{},[30,146580,145965],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[664,146583,146585],{"id":146584},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146587,3013],{},[23,146589,146591],{"className":25,"code":146590,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[30,146592,146593,146617],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146594,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146596,1655],{"class":39},[33,146598,44],{"class":43},[33,146600,48],{"class":47},[33,146602,80],{"class":79},[33,146604,545],{"class":83},[33,146606,80],{"class":79},[33,146608,55],{"class":47},[33,146610,91],{"class":79},[33,146612,1708],{"class":83},[33,146614,80],{"class":79},[33,146616,66],{"class":47},[33,146618,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146620,157],{"class":156},[33,146622,133],{"class":47},[33,146624,146088],{"class":156},[33,146626,133],{"class":47},[33,146628,1680],{"class":162},[33,146630,733],{"class":47},[14,146632,146633],{},"Use string joining instead:",[23,146635,146637],{"className":25,"code":146636,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[30,146638,146639,146663],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146640,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146642,1655],{"class":39},[33,146644,44],{"class":43},[33,146646,48],{"class":47},[33,146648,80],{"class":79},[33,146650,545],{"class":83},[33,146652,80],{"class":79},[33,146654,55],{"class":47},[33,146656,91],{"class":79},[33,146658,1708],{"class":83},[33,146660,80],{"class":79},[33,146662,66],{"class":47},[33,146664,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146666,157],{"class":156},[33,146668,133],{"class":47},[33,146670,6431],{"class":79},[33,146672,310],{"class":47},[33,146674,133490],{"class":162},[33,146676,133],{"class":47},[33,146678,1680],{"class":162},[33,146680,733],{"class":47},[14,146682,207],{},[23,146684,146686],{"className":25,"code":146685,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"helloworld\n",[30,146687,146688],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146689,146690],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146691,146685],{"class":39},[14,146693,146694,146695,310],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[273,146696,146697,5942],{"href":42328},[30,146698,47837],{},[664,146700,146702],{"id":146701},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146704,146705],{},"This also causes an error:",[23,146707,146709],{"className":25,"code":146708,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[30,146710,146711,146738],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146712,146713,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146714,146715],{"class":39},"lists ",[33,146717,44],{"class":43},[33,146719,56438],{"class":47},[33,146721,52],{"class":51},[33,146723,55],{"class":47},[33,146725,58],{"class":51},[33,146727,18215],{"class":47},[33,146729,48],{"class":47},[33,146731,2240],{"class":51},[33,146733,55],{"class":47},[33,146735,1132],{"class":51},[33,146737,1217],{"class":47},[33,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146741,157],{"class":156},[33,146743,133],{"class":47},[33,146745,146088],{"class":156},[33,146747,133],{"class":47},[33,146749,5464],{"class":162},[33,146751,733],{"class":47},[14,146753,146754,146756],{},[30,146755,145965],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[664,146758,146760],{"id":146759},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146762,5632],{},[23,146764,146766],{"className":25,"code":146765,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[30,146767,146768,146792],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146769,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146771,1071],{"class":39},[33,146773,44],{"class":43},[33,146775,48],{"class":47},[33,146777,52],{"class":51},[33,146779,55],{"class":47},[33,146781,58],{"class":51},[33,146783,55],{"class":47},[33,146785,91],{"class":79},[33,146787,2240],{"class":83},[33,146789,80],{"class":79},[33,146791,66],{"class":47},[33,146793,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146795,157],{"class":156},[33,146797,133],{"class":47},[33,146799,146088],{"class":156},[33,146801,133],{"class":47},[33,146803,1096],{"class":162},[33,146805,733],{"class":47},[14,146807,146808],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146810,146811,146812,146814,146815,310],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[30,146813,65921],{},", convert them first. See ",[273,146816,3139],{"href":3138},[18,146818,41658],{"id":41657},[14,146820,146821,146822,310],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[30,146823,145965],{},[664,146825,6682],{"id":6681},[14,146827,4691],{},[23,146829,146831],{"className":25,"code":146830,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(sum(5))\n",[30,146832,146833],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146834,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146836,157],{"class":156},[33,146838,133],{"class":47},[33,146840,146088],{"class":156},[33,146842,133],{"class":47},[33,146844,1085],{"class":51},[33,146846,733],{"class":47},[14,146848,146849],{},"Why it fails:",[316,146851,146852,146857],{},[319,146853,146854,146856],{},[30,146855,1085],{}," is a single integer",[319,146858,146859,146861],{},[30,146860,145965],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146863,6712],{},[23,146865,146867],{"className":25,"code":146866,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(sum([5]))\n",[30,146868,146869],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146870,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146872,157],{"class":156},[33,146874,133],{"class":47},[33,146876,146088],{"class":156},[33,146878,3162],{"class":47},[33,146880,1085],{"class":51},[33,146882,3175],{"class":47},[14,146884,207],{},[23,146886,146887],{"className":25,"code":3123,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,146888,146889],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146890,146891],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146892,3123],{"class":51},[664,146894,146896],{"id":146895},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146898,4691],{},[23,146900,146902],{"className":25,"code":146901,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[30,146903,146904,146936],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146905,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146907,1071],{"class":39},[33,146909,44],{"class":43},[33,146911,48],{"class":47},[33,146913,80],{"class":79},[33,146915,52],{"class":83},[33,146917,80],{"class":79},[33,146919,55],{"class":47},[33,146921,91],{"class":79},[33,146923,2234],{"class":83},[33,146925,80],{"class":79},[33,146927,55],{"class":47},[33,146929,91],{"class":79},[33,146931,2240],{"class":83},[33,146933,80],{"class":79},[33,146935,66],{"class":47},[33,146937,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146939,157],{"class":156},[33,146941,133],{"class":47},[33,146943,146088],{"class":156},[33,146945,133],{"class":47},[33,146947,1096],{"class":162},[33,146949,733],{"class":47},[14,146951,146952],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[23,146954,146956],{"className":25,"code":146955,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[30,146957,146958,146990,147018],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,146959,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,146961,1071],{"class":39},[33,146963,44],{"class":43},[33,146965,48],{"class":47},[33,146967,80],{"class":79},[33,146969,52],{"class":83},[33,146971,80],{"class":79},[33,146973,55],{"class":47},[33,146975,91],{"class":79},[33,146977,2234],{"class":83},[33,146979,80],{"class":79},[33,146981,55],{"class":47},[33,146983,91],{"class":79},[33,146985,2240],{"class":83},[33,146987,80],{"class":79},[33,146989,66],{"class":47},[33,146991,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,146993,41336],{"class":39},[33,146995,44],{"class":43},[33,146997,146018],{"class":156},[33,146999,133],{"class":47},[33,147001,2366],{"class":129},[33,147003,133],{"class":47},[33,147005,2351],{"class":162},[33,147007,3831],{"class":47},[33,147009,4047],{"class":4046},[33,147011,4050],{"class":162},[33,147013,4053],{"class":4046},[33,147015,4056],{"class":162},[33,147017,143],{"class":47},[33,147019,147020,147022,147024,147026],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147021,157],{"class":156},[33,147023,133],{"class":47},[33,147025,41365],{"class":162},[33,147027,143],{"class":47},[14,147029,207],{},[23,147031,147032],{"className":25,"code":2830,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,147033,147034],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147035,147036],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147037,2830],{"class":51},[14,147039,147040],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[664,147042,147044],{"id":147043},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147046,4691],{},[23,147048,147050],{"className":25,"code":147049,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[30,147051,147052,147080],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147053,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147055,1071],{"class":39},[33,147057,44],{"class":43},[33,147059,48],{"class":47},[33,147061,52],{"class":51},[33,147063,55],{"class":47},[33,147065,58],{"class":51},[33,147067,55],{"class":47},[33,147069,91],{"class":79},[33,147071,2240],{"class":83},[33,147073,80],{"class":79},[33,147075,55],{"class":47},[33,147077,1132],{"class":51},[33,147079,66],{"class":47},[33,147081,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147083,157],{"class":156},[33,147085,133],{"class":47},[33,147087,146088],{"class":156},[33,147089,133],{"class":47},[33,147091,1096],{"class":162},[33,147093,733],{"class":47},[14,147095,147096],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[23,147098,147100],{"className":25,"code":147099,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[30,147101,147102,147130,147158],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147103,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147105,1071],{"class":39},[33,147107,44],{"class":43},[33,147109,48],{"class":47},[33,147111,52],{"class":51},[33,147113,55],{"class":47},[33,147115,58],{"class":51},[33,147117,55],{"class":47},[33,147119,91],{"class":79},[33,147121,2240],{"class":83},[33,147123,80],{"class":79},[33,147125,55],{"class":47},[33,147127,1132],{"class":51},[33,147129,66],{"class":47},[33,147131,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147133,41336],{"class":39},[33,147135,44],{"class":43},[33,147137,146018],{"class":156},[33,147139,133],{"class":47},[33,147141,2366],{"class":129},[33,147143,133],{"class":47},[33,147145,2351],{"class":162},[33,147147,3831],{"class":47},[33,147149,4047],{"class":4046},[33,147151,4050],{"class":162},[33,147153,4053],{"class":4046},[33,147155,4056],{"class":162},[33,147157,143],{"class":47},[33,147159,147160,147162,147164,147166],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147161,157],{"class":156},[33,147163,133],{"class":47},[33,147165,41365],{"class":162},[33,147167,143],{"class":47},[14,147169,207],{},[23,147171,147172],{"className":25,"code":2551,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,147173,147174],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147175,147176],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147177,2551],{"class":51},[664,147179,1357,147181,147183],{"id":147180},"using-sum-to-join-text",[30,147182,145965],{}," to join text",[14,147185,4691],{},[23,147187,147189],{"className":25,"code":147188,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[30,147190,147191,147247],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147192,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147194,124],{"class":39},[33,147196,44],{"class":43},[33,147198,48],{"class":47},[33,147200,80],{"class":79},[33,147202,134089],{"class":83},[33,147204,80],{"class":79},[33,147206,55],{"class":47},[33,147208,91],{"class":79},[33,147210,11898],{"class":83},[33,147212,80],{"class":79},[33,147214,55],{"class":47},[33,147216,91],{"class":79},[33,147218,63262],{"class":83},[33,147220,80],{"class":79},[33,147222,55],{"class":47},[33,147224,91],{"class":79},[33,147226,1550],{"class":83},[33,147228,80],{"class":79},[33,147230,55],{"class":47},[33,147232,91],{"class":79},[33,147234,1585],{"class":83},[33,147236,80],{"class":79},[33,147238,55],{"class":47},[33,147240,91],{"class":79},[33,147242,76006],{"class":83},[33,147244,80],{"class":79},[33,147246,66],{"class":47},[33,147248,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147250,157],{"class":156},[33,147252,133],{"class":47},[33,147254,146088],{"class":156},[33,147256,133],{"class":47},[33,147258,199],{"class":162},[33,147260,733],{"class":47},[14,147262,672,147263,1645],{},[30,147264,133413],{},[23,147266,147268],{"className":25,"code":147267,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[30,147269,147270,147326],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147271,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147273,124],{"class":39},[33,147275,44],{"class":43},[33,147277,48],{"class":47},[33,147279,80],{"class":79},[33,147281,134089],{"class":83},[33,147283,80],{"class":79},[33,147285,55],{"class":47},[33,147287,91],{"class":79},[33,147289,11898],{"class":83},[33,147291,80],{"class":79},[33,147293,55],{"class":47},[33,147295,91],{"class":79},[33,147297,63262],{"class":83},[33,147299,80],{"class":79},[33,147301,55],{"class":47},[33,147303,91],{"class":79},[33,147305,1550],{"class":83},[33,147307,80],{"class":79},[33,147309,55],{"class":47},[33,147311,91],{"class":79},[33,147313,1585],{"class":83},[33,147315,80],{"class":79},[33,147317,55],{"class":47},[33,147319,91],{"class":79},[33,147321,76006],{"class":83},[33,147323,80],{"class":79},[33,147325,66],{"class":47},[33,147327,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147329,157],{"class":156},[33,147331,133],{"class":47},[33,147333,6431],{"class":79},[33,147335,310],{"class":47},[33,147337,133490],{"class":162},[33,147339,133],{"class":47},[33,147341,199],{"class":162},[33,147343,733],{"class":47},[14,147345,207],{},[23,147347,147348],{"className":25,"code":134170,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,147349,147350],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147351,147352],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147353,134170],{"class":39},[14,147355,147356,147357,310],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[273,147358,147359],{"href":135251},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[18,147361,147363,147365],{"id":147362},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[30,147364,145965],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147367,147368,147370],{},[30,147369,145965],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[664,147372,1357,147374],{"id":147373},"using-sum",[30,147375,145965],{},[23,147377,147379],{"className":25,"code":147378,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[30,147380,147381,147401,147415],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147382,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147384,40],{"class":39},[33,147386,44],{"class":43},[33,147388,48],{"class":47},[33,147390,2679],{"class":51},[33,147392,55],{"class":47},[33,147394,6153],{"class":51},[33,147396,55],{"class":47},[33,147398,54284],{"class":51},[33,147400,66],{"class":47},[33,147402,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147404,41336],{"class":39},[33,147406,44],{"class":43},[33,147408,146018],{"class":156},[33,147410,133],{"class":47},[33,147412,163],{"class":162},[33,147414,143],{"class":47},[33,147416,147417,147419,147421,147423],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147418,157],{"class":156},[33,147420,133],{"class":47},[33,147422,41365],{"class":162},[33,147424,143],{"class":47},[664,147426,147428],{"id":147427},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[23,147430,147432],{"className":25,"code":147431,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[30,147433,147434,147454,147462,147466,147478,147486,147490],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147435,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147437,40],{"class":39},[33,147439,44],{"class":43},[33,147441,48],{"class":47},[33,147443,2679],{"class":51},[33,147445,55],{"class":47},[33,147447,6153],{"class":51},[33,147449,55],{"class":47},[33,147451,54284],{"class":51},[33,147453,66],{"class":47},[33,147455,147456,147458,147460],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147457,41336],{"class":39},[33,147459,44],{"class":43},[33,147461,38667],{"class":51},[33,147463,147464],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147465,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,147467,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,147469,6117],{"class":4046},[33,147471,6546],{"class":39},[33,147473,4053],{"class":4046},[33,147475,4430],{"class":39},[33,147477,6553],{"class":47},[33,147479,147480,147482,147484],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,147481,90083],{"class":39},[33,147483,90086],{"class":43},[33,147485,90089],{"class":39},[33,147487,147488],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,147489,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,147491,147492,147494,147496,147498],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,147493,157],{"class":156},[33,147495,133],{"class":47},[33,147497,41365],{"class":162},[33,147499,143],{"class":47},[14,147501,147502],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147504,2663,147505,147507],{},[30,147506,145965],{}," is often better:",[316,147509,147510,147513,147516],{},[319,147511,147512],{},"Shorter code",[319,147514,147515],{},"Easier to read",[319,147517,147518],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147520,147521],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[316,147523,147524,147527,147530],{},[319,147525,147526],{},"You need to skip some values",[319,147528,147529],{},"You need extra checks",[319,147531,147532],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147534,147535,147536,147539,147540,147542],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[273,147537,147538],{"href":40163},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[30,147541,145965],{}," on the filtered result.",[18,147544,3006],{"id":3005},[14,147546,147547,147548,3061],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[30,147549,145965],{},[316,147551,147552,147558,147565,147572],{},[319,147553,147554,147555],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[30,147556,147557],{},"sum(5)",[319,147559,147560,147561,147564],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[30,147562,147563],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[319,147566,1357,147567,147569,147570],{},[30,147568,145965],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[30,147571,133413],{},[319,147573,147574],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147576,9031,147577,147579],{},[30,147578,145965],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[23,147581,147583],{"className":25,"code":147582,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[30,147584,147585,147595,147609,147633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147586,147587,147589,147591,147593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147588,157],{"class":156},[33,147590,133],{"class":47},[33,147592,1096],{"class":162},[33,147594,143],{"class":47},[33,147596,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147598,157],{"class":156},[33,147600,133],{"class":47},[33,147602,1406],{"class":129},[33,147604,133],{"class":47},[33,147606,1096],{"class":162},[33,147608,733],{"class":47},[33,147610,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147612,157],{"class":156},[33,147614,3162],{"class":47},[33,147616,1406],{"class":129},[33,147618,133],{"class":47},[33,147620,2351],{"class":162},[33,147622,3831],{"class":47},[33,147624,4047],{"class":4046},[33,147626,4050],{"class":162},[33,147628,4053],{"class":4046},[33,147630,4056],{"class":162},[33,147632,4059],{"class":47},[33,147634,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,147636,157],{"class":156},[33,147638,133],{"class":47},[33,147640,146088],{"class":156},[33,147642,3162],{"class":47},[33,147644,2366],{"class":129},[33,147646,133],{"class":47},[33,147648,2351],{"class":162},[33,147650,3831],{"class":47},[33,147652,4047],{"class":4046},[33,147654,4050],{"class":162},[33,147656,4053],{"class":4046},[33,147658,4056],{"class":162},[33,147660,3175],{"class":47},[14,147662,135984],{},[316,147664,147665,147671,147677,147682],{},[319,147666,147667,147670],{},[30,147668,147669],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[319,147672,147673,147676],{},[30,147674,147675],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[319,147678,147679,136006],{},[30,147680,147681],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[319,147683,147684,147687],{},[30,147685,147686],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[18,147689,1961],{"id":1960},[664,147691,2007,147693,5309],{"id":147692},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[30,147694,145965],{},[14,147696,147697],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[664,147699,5334,147701,147703],{"id":147700},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[30,147702,145965],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147705,30424,147706,453,147709,147712],{},[30,147707,147708],{},"''.join(...)",[30,147710,147711],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[664,147714,5334,147716,147718],{"id":147715},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[30,147717,145965],{}," work with floats?",[14,147720,147721],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[664,147723,147725,147726,2033],{"id":147724},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[30,147727,145965],{},[14,147729,147730,147731,147733],{},"It is the optional ",[30,147732,36228],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[664,147735,5322,147737,119369,147739,2033],{"id":147736},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[30,147738,145965],{},[30,147740,3181],{},[14,147742,147743],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[18,147745,2045],{"id":2044},[316,147747,147748,147752,147758,147764,147770,147774,147778],{},[319,147749,147750],{},[273,147751,146448],{"href":2594},[319,147753,147754],{},[273,147755,2076,147756,3683],{"href":36349},[30,147757,309],{},[319,147759,147760],{},[273,147761,2076,147762,3683],{"href":42511},[30,147763,42514],{},[319,147765,147766],{},[273,147767,2076,147768,3683],{"href":42328},[30,147769,47837],{},[319,147771,147772],{},[273,147773,5385],{"href":40163},[319,147775,147776],{},[273,147777,3700],{"href":3138},[319,147779,147780],{},[273,147781,147359],{"href":135251},[2097,147783,147784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":147786},[147787,147788,147790,147791,147792,147794,147802,147808,147815,147821,147822,147834],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":146044,"depth":69,"text":147789},"What sum() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":146222,"depth":69,"text":147793},"Using the start value",{"id":146324,"depth":69,"text":147795,"children":147796},"What sum() can work with",[147797,147798,147799,147801],{"id":1162,"depth":110,"text":40579},{"id":1165,"depth":110,"text":146390},{"id":146451,"depth":110,"text":147800},"Values from range()",{"id":146499,"depth":110,"text":146500},{"id":146573,"depth":69,"text":147803,"children":147804},"What sum() does not work with",[147805,147806,147807],{"id":146584,"depth":110,"text":146585},{"id":146701,"depth":110,"text":146702},{"id":146759,"depth":110,"text":146760},{"id":41657,"depth":69,"text":41658,"children":147809},[147810,147811,147812,147813],{"id":6681,"depth":110,"text":6682},{"id":146895,"depth":110,"text":146896},{"id":147043,"depth":110,"text":147044},{"id":147180,"depth":110,"text":147814},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147362,"depth":69,"text":147816,"children":147817},"sum() vs manual loop",[147818,147820],{"id":147373,"depth":110,"text":147819},"Using sum()",{"id":147427,"depth":110,"text":147428},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":147823},[147824,147826,147828,147830,147832],{"id":147692,"depth":110,"text":147825},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147700,"depth":110,"text":147827},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147715,"depth":110,"text":147829},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147724,"depth":110,"text":147831},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147736,"depth":110,"text":147833},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145957,"description":147835},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147842,"title":147843,"body":147844,"description":149246,"extension":2138,"meta":149247,"navigation":149,"path":149248,"seo":149249,"stem":149250,"__hash__":149251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147845,"toc":149214},[147846,147852,147858,147861,147924,147930,147935,147939,147956,147970,147974,147994,148008,148010,148103,148105,148119,148121,148124,148213,148215,148223,148232,148234,148238,148259,148261,148353,148355,148376,148378,148382,148396,148398,148472,148474,148493,148497,148500,148523,148525,148636,148643,148651,148653,148659,148662,148705,148708,148731,148739,148743,148818,148824,148849,148856,148859,148862,148866,148871,148959,148967,148971,148974,148999,149003,149064,149068,149117,149127,149129,149134,149137,149143,149146,149150,149154,149160,149163,149171,149179,149181,149211],[10,147847,147849,147850,2059],{"id":147848},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[30,147851,57434],{},[14,147853,147854,147857],{},[30,147855,147856],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147859,147860],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[23,147862,147864],{"className":25,"code":147863,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[30,147865,147866,147894,147912],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147867,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147869,40],{"class":39},[33,147871,44],{"class":43},[33,147873,1381],{"class":47},[33,147875,52],{"class":51},[33,147877,55],{"class":47},[33,147879,58],{"class":51},[33,147881,55],{"class":47},[33,147883,58],{"class":51},[33,147885,55],{"class":47},[33,147887,63],{"class":51},[33,147889,55],{"class":47},[33,147891,58],{"class":51},[33,147893,143],{"class":47},[33,147895,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,147897,1506],{"class":39},[33,147899,44],{"class":43},[33,147901,4430],{"class":39},[33,147903,310],{"class":47},[33,147905,41413],{"class":162},[33,147907,133],{"class":47},[33,147909,2234],{"class":51},[33,147911,143],{"class":47},[33,147913,147914,147916,147918,147920,147922],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,147915,157],{"class":156},[33,147917,133],{"class":47},[33,147919,1530],{"class":162},[33,147921,3831],{"class":47},[33,147923,50924],{"class":1308},[14,147925,672,147926,147929],{},[30,147927,147928],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[18,147931,3848,147933,3851],{"id":147932},"what-tuplecount-does",[30,147934,147856],{},[14,147936,147937,3061],{},[30,147938,147928],{},[316,147940,147941,147947,147950,147953],{},[319,147942,147943,147944,147946],{},"Returns the number of times ",[30,147945,2647],{}," appears in the tuple",[319,147948,147949],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[319,147951,147952],{},"Returns an integer",[319,147954,147955],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147957,147958,147959,147961,147962,453,147966,310],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[30,147960,57434],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[273,147963,147965],{"href":147964},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[273,147967,147969],{"href":147968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[18,147971,147973],{"id":147972},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[23,147975,147977],{"className":25,"code":147976,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[30,147978,147979],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,147980,147981,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,147982,147983],{"class":39},"my_tuple",[33,147985,310],{"class":47},[33,147987,41413],{"class":162},[33,147989,133],{"class":47},[33,147991,2647],{"class":162},[33,147993,143],{"class":47},[316,147995,147996,148000,148003],{},[319,147997,147998,57599],{},[30,147999,2647],{},[319,148001,148002],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[319,148004,148005,148006],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[30,148007,1114],{},[664,148009,103084],{"id":103083},[23,148011,148013],{"className":25,"code":148012,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[30,148014,148015,148055,148079],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148016,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148018,13229],{"class":39},[33,148020,44],{"class":43},[33,148022,1381],{"class":47},[33,148024,80],{"class":79},[33,148026,13246],{"class":83},[33,148028,80],{"class":79},[33,148030,55],{"class":47},[33,148032,91],{"class":79},[33,148034,13263],{"class":83},[33,148036,80],{"class":79},[33,148038,55],{"class":47},[33,148040,91],{"class":79},[33,148042,13246],{"class":83},[33,148044,80],{"class":79},[33,148046,55],{"class":47},[33,148048,91],{"class":79},[33,148050,17608],{"class":83},[33,148052,80],{"class":79},[33,148054,143],{"class":47},[33,148056,148057,148059,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148058,157],{"class":156},[33,148060,133],{"class":47},[33,148062,17655],{"class":162},[33,148064,310],{"class":47},[33,148066,41413],{"class":162},[33,148068,133],{"class":47},[33,148070,80],{"class":79},[33,148072,13246],{"class":83},[33,148074,80],{"class":79},[33,148076,5522],{"class":47},[33,148078,57789],{"class":1308},[33,148080,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148082,157],{"class":156},[33,148084,133],{"class":47},[33,148086,17655],{"class":162},[33,148088,310],{"class":47},[33,148090,41413],{"class":162},[33,148092,133],{"class":47},[33,148094,80],{"class":79},[33,148096,22678],{"class":83},[33,148098,80],{"class":79},[33,148100,5522],{"class":47},[33,148102,51400],{"class":1308},[14,148104,20110],{},[316,148106,148107,148112],{},[319,148108,148109,148111],{},[30,148110,65368],{}," appears 2 times",[319,148113,148114,148116,148117],{},[30,148115,109780],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[30,148118,1114],{},[18,148120,11627],{"id":11626},[14,148122,148123],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[23,148125,148127],{"className":25,"code":148126,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,148128,148129,148177,148181,148203],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148130,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148132,36392],{"class":39},[33,148134,44],{"class":43},[33,148136,1381],{"class":47},[33,148138,80],{"class":79},[33,148140,386],{"class":83},[33,148142,80],{"class":79},[33,148144,55],{"class":47},[33,148146,91],{"class":79},[33,148148,4255],{"class":83},[33,148150,80],{"class":79},[33,148152,55],{"class":47},[33,148154,91],{"class":79},[33,148156,386],{"class":83},[33,148158,80],{"class":79},[33,148160,55],{"class":47},[33,148162,91],{"class":79},[33,148164,33376],{"class":83},[33,148166,80],{"class":79},[33,148168,55],{"class":47},[33,148170,91],{"class":79},[33,148172,386],{"class":83},[33,148174,80],{"class":79},[33,148176,143],{"class":47},[33,148178,148179],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148180,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,148182,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148184,1506],{"class":39},[33,148186,44],{"class":43},[33,148188,53003],{"class":39},[33,148190,310],{"class":47},[33,148192,41413],{"class":162},[33,148194,133],{"class":47},[33,148196,80],{"class":79},[33,148198,386],{"class":83},[33,148200,80],{"class":79},[33,148202,143],{"class":47},[33,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,148206,157],{"class":156},[33,148208,133],{"class":47},[33,148210,1530],{"class":162},[33,148212,143],{"class":47},[14,148214,207],{},[23,148216,148217],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,148218,148219],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148220,148221],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148222,46771],{"class":51},[14,148224,148225,148227,148228,2572,148230,310],{},[30,148226,57977],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[30,148229,57434],{},[30,148231,2240],{},[18,148233,38175],{"id":38174},[14,148235,57688,148236,128719],{},[30,148237,57434],{},[316,148239,148240,148245,148250,148253],{},[319,148241,11575,148242,148244],{},[30,148243,1114],{}," when the value does not exist",[319,148246,11575,148247,148249],{},[30,148248,52],{}," when the value appears once",[319,148251,148252],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[319,148254,148255,148256,148258],{},"The result can be used in ",[30,148257,7156],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148260,367],{},[23,148262,148264],{"className":25,"code":148263,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[30,148265,148266,148307,148311,148338],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148267,148268,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148269,148270],{"class":39},"answers ",[33,148272,44],{"class":43},[33,148274,1381],{"class":47},[33,148276,80],{"class":79},[33,148278,8813],{"class":83},[33,148280,80],{"class":79},[33,148282,55],{"class":47},[33,148284,91],{"class":79},[33,148286,8753],{"class":83},[33,148288,80],{"class":79},[33,148290,55],{"class":47},[33,148292,91],{"class":79},[33,148294,8813],{"class":83},[33,148296,80],{"class":79},[33,148298,55],{"class":47},[33,148300,91],{"class":79},[33,148302,8813],{"class":83},[33,148304,80],{"class":79},[33,148306,143],{"class":47},[33,148308,148309],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148310,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,148312,148313,148315,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148314,7156],{"class":4046},[33,148316,148317],{"class":39}," answers",[33,148319,310],{"class":47},[33,148321,41413],{"class":162},[33,148323,133],{"class":47},[33,148325,80],{"class":79},[33,148327,8813],{"class":83},[33,148329,80],{"class":79},[33,148331,3831],{"class":47},[33,148333,38550],{"class":43},[33,148335,1119],{"class":51},[33,148337,6553],{"class":47},[33,148339,148340,148342,148344,148346,148349,148351],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,148341,8227],{"class":156},[33,148343,133],{"class":47},[33,148345,80],{"class":79},[33,148347,148348],{"class":83},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[33,148350,80],{"class":79},[33,148352,143],{"class":47},[14,148354,207],{},[23,148356,148358],{"className":25,"code":148357,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[30,148359,148360],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148361,148362,148365,148367,148369,148371,148374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148363,148364],{"class":39},"The answer ",[33,148366,236],{"class":79},[33,148368,8813],{"class":83},[33,148370,236],{"class":79},[33,148372,148373],{"class":39}," appears more than once",[33,148375,122363],{"class":47},[18,148377,41199],{"id":41198},[14,148379,35562,148380,104547],{},[30,148381,147856],{},[316,148383,148384,148387,148390,148393],{},[319,148385,148386],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[319,148388,148389],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[319,148391,148392],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[319,148394,148395],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148397,367],{},[23,148399,148401],{"className":25,"code":148400,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[30,148402,148403,148431,148435,148457],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148404,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148406,5228],{"class":39},[33,148408,44],{"class":43},[33,148410,1381],{"class":47},[33,148412,538],{"class":51},[33,148414,55],{"class":47},[33,148416,7949],{"class":51},[33,148418,55],{"class":47},[33,148420,393],{"class":51},[33,148422,55],{"class":47},[33,148424,7954],{"class":51},[33,148426,55],{"class":47},[33,148428,393],{"class":51},[33,148430,143],{"class":47},[33,148432,148433],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148434,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,148436,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148438,7156],{"class":4046},[33,148440,5275],{"class":39},[33,148442,310],{"class":47},[33,148444,41413],{"class":162},[33,148446,133],{"class":47},[33,148448,538],{"class":51},[33,148450,3831],{"class":47},[33,148452,51441],{"class":43},[33,148454,58],{"class":51},[33,148456,6553],{"class":47},[33,148458,148459,148461,148463,148465,148468,148470],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,148460,8227],{"class":156},[33,148462,133],{"class":47},[33,148464,80],{"class":79},[33,148466,148467],{"class":83},"The score 10 is repeated.",[33,148469,80],{"class":79},[33,148471,143],{"class":47},[14,148473,207],{},[23,148475,148477],{"className":25,"code":148476,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[30,148478,148479],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148480,148481,148484,148486,148488,148491],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148482,148483],{"class":39},"The score ",[33,148485,538],{"class":51},[33,148487,8254],{"class":43},[33,148489,148490],{"class":39}," repeated",[33,148492,122363],{"class":47},[18,148494,148496],{"id":148495},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148498,148499],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[316,148501,148502,148508,148513,148516],{},[319,148503,148504,148505,148507],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[30,148506,57434],{}," still works because it only reads data",[319,148509,148510,148512],{},[30,148511,57434],{}," counts exact matches",[319,148514,148515],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[319,148517,148518,2030,148520,148522],{},[30,148519,52],{},[30,148521,42311],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148524,367],{},[23,148526,148528],{"className":25,"code":148527,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[30,148529,148530,148564,148568,148588,148612],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148531,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148545,148547,148549,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148533,1071],{"class":39},[33,148535,44],{"class":43},[33,148537,1381],{"class":47},[33,148539,52],{"class":51},[33,148541,55],{"class":47},[33,148543,148544],{"class":51}," 1.0",[33,148546,55],{"class":47},[33,148548,91],{"class":79},[33,148550,148551],{"class":83},"Cat",[33,148553,80],{"class":79},[33,148555,55],{"class":47},[33,148557,91],{"class":79},[33,148559,37201],{"class":83},[33,148561,80],{"class":79},[33,148563,143],{"class":47},[33,148565,148566],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148567,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,148569,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148571,157],{"class":156},[33,148573,133],{"class":47},[33,148575,1096],{"class":162},[33,148577,310],{"class":47},[33,148579,41413],{"class":162},[33,148581,133],{"class":47},[33,148583,52],{"class":51},[33,148585,5522],{"class":47},[33,148587,51247],{"class":1308},[33,148589,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,148591,157],{"class":156},[33,148593,133],{"class":47},[33,148595,1096],{"class":162},[33,148597,310],{"class":47},[33,148599,41413],{"class":162},[33,148601,133],{"class":47},[33,148603,80],{"class":79},[33,148605,148551],{"class":83},[33,148607,80],{"class":79},[33,148609,5522],{"class":47},[33,148611,27932],{"class":1308},[33,148613,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,148615,157],{"class":156},[33,148617,133],{"class":47},[33,148619,1096],{"class":162},[33,148621,310],{"class":47},[33,148623,41413],{"class":162},[33,148625,133],{"class":47},[33,148627,80],{"class":79},[33,148629,37201],{"class":83},[33,148631,80],{"class":79},[33,148633,5522],{"class":47},[33,148635,27932],{"class":1308},[14,148637,5322,148638,5325,148641,2033],{},[30,148639,148640],{},"values.count(1)",[30,148642,2234],{},[14,148644,8941,148645,4949,148648,148650],{},[30,148646,148647],{},"1 == 1.0",[30,148649,3777],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[18,148652,3006],{"id":3005},[664,148654,1357,148656,148658],{"id":148655},"using-count-without-parentheses",[30,148657,41413],{}," without parentheses",[14,148660,148661],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[23,148663,148665],{"className":25,"code":148664,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[30,148666,148667,148691],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148668,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148670,40],{"class":39},[33,148672,44],{"class":43},[33,148674,1381],{"class":47},[33,148676,52],{"class":51},[33,148678,55],{"class":47},[33,148680,58],{"class":51},[33,148682,55],{"class":47},[33,148684,58],{"class":51},[33,148686,55],{"class":47},[33,148688,63],{"class":51},[33,148690,143],{"class":47},[33,148692,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148694,157],{"class":156},[33,148696,133],{"class":47},[33,148698,163],{"class":162},[33,148700,310],{"class":47},[33,148702,41413],{"class":24904},[33,148704,143],{"class":47},[14,148706,148707],{},"To call the method correctly:",[23,148709,148711],{"className":25,"code":148710,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[30,148712,148713],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148714,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148716,157],{"class":156},[33,148718,133],{"class":47},[33,148720,163],{"class":162},[33,148722,310],{"class":47},[33,148724,41413],{"class":162},[33,148726,133],{"class":47},[33,148728,2234],{"class":51},[33,148730,733],{"class":47},[664,148732,1487,148733,8611,148735,453,148737],{"id":58736},[30,148734,57434],{},[30,148736,3777],{},[30,148738,3844],{},[14,148740,148741,58747],{},[30,148742,57434],{},[23,148744,148746],{"className":25,"code":148745,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[30,148747,148748,148780,148802,148806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148749,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148751,124],{"class":39},[33,148753,44],{"class":43},[33,148755,1381],{"class":47},[33,148757,80],{"class":79},[33,148759,273],{"class":83},[33,148761,80],{"class":79},[33,148763,55],{"class":47},[33,148765,91],{"class":79},[33,148767,282],{"class":83},[33,148769,80],{"class":79},[33,148771,55],{"class":47},[33,148773,91],{"class":79},[33,148775,273],{"class":83},[33,148777,80],{"class":79},[33,148779,143],{"class":47},[33,148781,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148783,1506],{"class":39},[33,148785,44],{"class":43},[33,148787,70072],{"class":39},[33,148789,310],{"class":47},[33,148791,41413],{"class":162},[33,148793,133],{"class":47},[33,148795,80],{"class":79},[33,148797,273],{"class":83},[33,148799,80],{"class":79},[33,148801,143],{"class":47},[33,148803,148804],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148805,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,148807,148808,148810,148812,148814,148816],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,148809,157],{"class":156},[33,148811,133],{"class":47},[33,148813,1530],{"class":162},[33,148815,3831],{"class":47},[33,148817,51568],{"class":1308},[14,148819,148820,148821,148823],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[30,148822,4053],{}," is often simpler:",[23,148825,148827],{"className":25,"code":148826,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[30,148828,148829],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148830,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148832,157],{"class":156},[33,148834,133],{"class":47},[33,148836,80],{"class":79},[33,148838,273],{"class":83},[33,148840,80],{"class":79},[33,148842,21327],{"class":4046},[33,148844,70072],{"class":162},[33,148846,3831],{"class":47},[33,148848,3834],{"class":1308},[664,148850,37358,148852,8860,148854],{"id":148851},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[30,148853,147856],{},[30,148855,57439],{},[14,148857,148858],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148860,148861],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[664,148863,148865],{"id":148864},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148867,148868,148870],{},[30,148869,57434],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[23,148872,148874],{"className":25,"code":148873,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[30,148875,148876,148909,148935],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,148877,148878,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,148879,1655],{"class":39},[33,148881,44],{"class":43},[33,148883,1381],{"class":47},[33,148885,80],{"class":79},[33,148887,386],{"class":83},[33,148889,80],{"class":79},[33,148891,55],{"class":47},[33,148893,91],{"class":79},[33,148895,148896],{"class":83},"pineapple",[33,148898,80],{"class":79},[33,148900,55],{"class":47},[33,148902,91],{"class":79},[33,148904,386],{"class":83},[33,148906,80],{"class":79},[33,148908,143],{"class":47},[33,148910,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148928,148930,148932],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,148912,157],{"class":156},[33,148914,133],{"class":47},[33,148916,1680],{"class":162},[33,148918,310],{"class":47},[33,148920,41413],{"class":162},[33,148922,133],{"class":47},[33,148924,80],{"class":79},[33,148926,148927],{"class":83},"app",[33,148929,80],{"class":79},[33,148931,5522],{"class":47},[33,148933,148934],{"class":1308},"    # 0\n",[33,148936,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,148938,157],{"class":156},[33,148940,133],{"class":47},[33,148942,1680],{"class":162},[33,148944,310],{"class":47},[33,148946,41413],{"class":162},[33,148948,133],{"class":47},[33,148950,80],{"class":79},[33,148952,386],{"class":83},[33,148954,80],{"class":79},[33,148956,5522],{"class":47},[33,148958,51568],{"class":1308},[14,148960,148961,148964,148965,310],{},[30,148962,148963],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[30,148966,1114],{},[18,148968,148970],{"id":148969},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148972,148973],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[316,148975,148976,148981,148990,148996],{},[319,148977,672,148978,148980],{},[30,148979,4053],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[319,148982,672,148983,148989],{},[273,148984,148986,148987],{"href":148985},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[30,148988,59111],{}," to find the position of a value",[319,148991,672,148992,148995],{},[30,148993,148994],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[319,148997,148998],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149000,46194,149001,3061],{},[30,149002,4053],{},[23,149004,149006],{"className":25,"code":149005,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[30,149007,149008,149028,149032,149048],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149009,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149011,40],{"class":39},[33,149013,44],{"class":43},[33,149015,1381],{"class":47},[33,149017,2679],{"class":51},[33,149019,55],{"class":47},[33,149021,6153],{"class":51},[33,149023,55],{"class":47},[33,149025,54284],{"class":51},[33,149027,143],{"class":47},[33,149029,149030],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149031,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,149033,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149035,157],{"class":156},[33,149037,133],{"class":47},[33,149039,2202],{"class":51},[33,149041,21327],{"class":4046},[33,149043,4430],{"class":162},[33,149045,3831],{"class":47},[33,149047,44008],{"class":1308},[33,149049,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,149051,157],{"class":156},[33,149053,133],{"class":47},[33,149055,1085],{"class":51},[33,149057,21327],{"class":4046},[33,149059,4430],{"class":162},[33,149061,3831],{"class":47},[33,149063,44025],{"class":1308},[14,149065,46194,149066,3061],{},[30,149067,59111],{},[23,149069,149071],{"className":25,"code":149070,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[30,149072,149073,149097],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149074,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149076,40],{"class":39},[33,149078,44],{"class":43},[33,149080,1381],{"class":47},[33,149082,2679],{"class":51},[33,149084,55],{"class":47},[33,149086,6153],{"class":51},[33,149088,55],{"class":47},[33,149090,54284],{"class":51},[33,149092,55],{"class":47},[33,149094,6153],{"class":51},[33,149096,143],{"class":47},[33,149098,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149100,157],{"class":156},[33,149102,133],{"class":47},[33,149104,163],{"class":162},[33,149106,310],{"class":47},[33,149108,36003],{"class":162},[33,149110,133],{"class":47},[33,149112,2202],{"class":51},[33,149114,5522],{"class":47},[33,149116,27932],{"class":1308},[14,149118,149119,149121,149122,149124,149126],{},[30,149120,57434],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9999,149123],{},[30,149125,59111],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[18,149128,1961],{"id":1960},[664,149130,2007,149132,5309],{"id":149131},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[30,149133,147856],{},[14,149135,149136],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[664,149138,12857,149140,149142],{"id":149139},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[30,149141,147856],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149144,149145],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[664,149147,149149],{"id":149148},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149151,12064,149152,310],{},[30,149153,1114],{},[664,149155,5334,149157,149159],{"id":149156},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[30,149158,147856],{}," count strings?",[14,149161,149162],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[664,149164,2027,149166,2030,149168,2033],{"id":149165},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[30,149167,147856],{},[30,149169,149170],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149172,149173,149175,149176,149178],{},[30,149174,57434],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[30,149177,59111],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[18,149180,2045],{"id":2044},[316,149182,149183,149187,149192,149199,149207],{},[319,149184,149185],{},[273,149186,147965],{"href":147964},[319,149188,149189],{},[273,149190,149191],{"href":147968},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[319,149193,149194],{},[273,149195,149196,149197,887],{"href":148985},"Python tuple ",[30,149198,59111],{},[319,149200,149201],{},[273,149202,149204,149205],{"href":149203},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[30,149206,42514],{},[319,149208,149209],{},[273,149210,59099],{"href":59098},[2097,149212,149213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":149215},[149216,149218,149221,149222,149223,149224,149225,149233,149234,149245],{"id":147932,"depth":69,"text":149217},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147972,"depth":69,"text":147973,"children":149219},[149220],{"id":103083,"depth":110,"text":103084},{"id":11626,"depth":69,"text":11627},{"id":38174,"depth":69,"text":38175},{"id":41198,"depth":69,"text":41199},{"id":148495,"depth":69,"text":148496},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":149226},[149227,149229,149230,149232],{"id":148655,"depth":110,"text":149228},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58736,"depth":110,"text":59152},{"id":148851,"depth":110,"text":149231},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148864,"depth":110,"text":148865},{"id":148969,"depth":69,"text":148970},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":149235},[149236,149238,149240,149241,149243],{"id":149131,"depth":110,"text":149237},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149139,"depth":110,"text":149239},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149148,"depth":110,"text":149149},{"id":149156,"depth":110,"text":149242},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149165,"depth":110,"text":149244},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147843,"description":149246},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149253,"title":149254,"body":149255,"description":150942,"extension":2138,"meta":150943,"navigation":149,"path":150944,"seo":150945,"stem":150946,"__hash__":150947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149256,"toc":150905},[149257,149260,149263,149272,149274,149404,149406,149467,149473,149475,149495,149499,149502,149505,149540,149542,149563,149566,149605,149607,149632,149639,149643,149646,149683,149685,149708,149711,149714,149726,149732,149736,149739,149745,149786,149788,149811,149814,149855,149857,149884,149886,149903,149905,149922,149925,149929,149932,149934,149968,149970,150017,150021,150060,150064,150067,150124,150126,150167,150173,150179,150184,150186,150223,150225,150245,150247,150280,150282,150315,150318,150322,150355,150357,150382,150385,150387,150401,150408,150410,150413,150417,150420,150455,150458,150493,150497,150500,150539,150542,150581,150585,150587,150617,150620,150627,150629,150661,150664,150696,150699,150730,150732,150749,150753,150756,150820,150822,150826,150833,150837,150840,150844,150847,150851,150854,150859,150865,150867,150902],[10,149258,149254],{"id":149259},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149261,149262],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149264,149265,149266,453,149270,310],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[273,149267,149269],{"href":149268},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[273,149271,147965],{"href":147964},[18,149273,2180],{"id":2179},[23,149275,149277],{"className":25,"code":149276,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[30,149278,149279,149299,149308,149322,149358,149362,149372,149382,149393],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149280,149281,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149282,40],{"class":39},[33,149284,44],{"class":43},[33,149286,1381],{"class":47},[33,149288,52],{"class":51},[33,149290,55],{"class":47},[33,149292,58],{"class":51},[33,149294,55],{"class":47},[33,149296,63],{"class":51},[33,149298,143],{"class":47},[33,149300,149301,149303,149305],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149302,124829],{"class":39},[33,149304,44],{"class":43},[33,149306,149307],{"class":47}," ()\n",[33,149309,149310,149313,149315,149317,149319],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149311,149312],{"class":39},"one_item ",[33,149314,44],{"class":43},[33,149316,1381],{"class":47},[33,149318,1085],{"class":51},[33,149320,149321],{"class":47},",)\n",[33,149323,149324,149327,149329,149332,149334,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,149325,149326],{"class":39},"from_list ",[33,149328,44],{"class":43},[33,149330,149331],{"class":129}," tuple",[33,149333,3162],{"class":47},[33,149335,80],{"class":79},[33,149337,273],{"class":83},[33,149339,80],{"class":79},[33,149341,55],{"class":47},[33,149343,91],{"class":79},[33,149345,282],{"class":83},[33,149347,80],{"class":79},[33,149349,55],{"class":47},[33,149351,91],{"class":79},[33,149353,291],{"class":83},[33,149355,80],{"class":79},[33,149357,4059],{"class":47},[33,149359,149360],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,149361,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,149363,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,149365,157],{"class":156},[33,149367,133],{"class":47},[33,149369,163],{"class":162},[33,149371,143],{"class":47},[33,149373,149374,149376,149378,149380],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,149375,157],{"class":156},[33,149377,133],{"class":47},[33,149379,124880],{"class":162},[33,149381,143],{"class":47},[33,149383,149384,149386,149388,149391],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,149385,157],{"class":156},[33,149387,133],{"class":47},[33,149389,149390],{"class":162},"one_item",[33,149392,143],{"class":47},[33,149394,149395,149397,149399,149402],{"class":35,"line":192},[33,149396,157],{"class":156},[33,149398,133],{"class":47},[33,149400,149401],{"class":162},"from_list",[33,149403,143],{"class":47},[14,149405,207],{},[23,149407,149409],{"className":25,"code":149408,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[30,149410,149411,149427,149431,149439],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149412,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149414,133],{"class":47},[33,149416,52],{"class":51},[33,149418,55],{"class":47},[33,149420,58],{"class":51},[33,149422,55],{"class":47},[33,149424,63],{"class":51},[33,149426,143],{"class":47},[33,149428,149429],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149430,1671],{"class":47},[33,149432,149433,149435,149437],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149434,133],{"class":47},[33,149436,1085],{"class":51},[33,149438,149321],{"class":47},[33,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,149442,133],{"class":47},[33,149444,236],{"class":79},[33,149446,273],{"class":83},[33,149448,236],{"class":79},[33,149450,55],{"class":47},[33,149452,245],{"class":79},[33,149454,282],{"class":83},[33,149456,236],{"class":79},[33,149458,55],{"class":47},[33,149460,245],{"class":79},[33,149462,291],{"class":83},[33,149464,236],{"class":79},[33,149466,143],{"class":47},[14,149468,149469,149470,310],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[30,149471,149472],{},"(5,)",[18,149474,314],{"id":313},[316,149476,149477,149480,149483,149486,149489,149492],{},[319,149478,149479],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[319,149481,149482],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[319,149484,149485],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[319,149487,149488],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[319,149490,149491],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[319,149493,149494],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[18,149496,149498],{"id":149497},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149500,149501],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149503,149504],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[23,149506,149508],{"className":25,"code":149507,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,149509,149510,149530],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149511,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524,149526,149528],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149513,40],{"class":39},[33,149515,44],{"class":43},[33,149517,1381],{"class":47},[33,149519,52],{"class":51},[33,149521,55],{"class":47},[33,149523,58],{"class":51},[33,149525,55],{"class":47},[33,149527,63],{"class":51},[33,149529,143],{"class":47},[33,149531,149532,149534,149536,149538],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149533,157],{"class":156},[33,149535,133],{"class":47},[33,149537,163],{"class":162},[33,149539,143],{"class":47},[14,149541,207],{},[23,149543,149545],{"className":25,"code":149544,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[30,149546,149547],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149548,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149550,133],{"class":47},[33,149552,52],{"class":51},[33,149554,55],{"class":47},[33,149556,58],{"class":51},[33,149558,55],{"class":47},[33,149560,63],{"class":51},[33,149562,143],{"class":47},[14,149564,149565],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[23,149567,149569],{"className":25,"code":149568,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[30,149570,149571,149595],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149572,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589,149591,149593],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149574,1181],{"class":39},[33,149576,44],{"class":43},[33,149578,1381],{"class":47},[33,149580,52],{"class":51},[33,149582,55],{"class":47},[33,149584,91],{"class":79},[33,149586,386],{"class":83},[33,149588,80],{"class":79},[33,149590,55],{"class":47},[33,149592,399],{"class":398},[33,149594,143],{"class":47},[33,149596,149597,149599,149601,149603],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149598,157],{"class":156},[33,149600,133],{"class":47},[33,149602,1230],{"class":162},[33,149604,143],{"class":47},[14,149606,207],{},[23,149608,149610],{"className":25,"code":149609,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[30,149611,149612],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149615,133],{"class":47},[33,149617,52],{"class":51},[33,149619,55],{"class":47},[33,149621,245],{"class":79},[33,149623,386],{"class":83},[33,149625,236],{"class":79},[33,149627,55],{"class":47},[33,149629,399],{"class":398},[33,149631,143],{"class":47},[14,149633,149634,149635,310],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[273,149636,149638],{"href":149637},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[18,149640,149642],{"id":149641},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149644,149645],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[23,149647,149649],{"className":25,"code":149648,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[30,149650,149651,149659,149669],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149652,149653,149655,149657],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149654,124829],{"class":39},[33,149656,44],{"class":43},[33,149658,149307],{"class":47},[33,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149662,157],{"class":156},[33,149664,133],{"class":47},[33,149666,124880],{"class":162},[33,149668,143],{"class":47},[33,149670,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149672,157],{"class":156},[33,149674,133],{"class":47},[33,149676,1406],{"class":129},[33,149678,133],{"class":47},[33,149680,124880],{"class":162},[33,149682,733],{"class":47},[14,149684,207],{},[23,149686,149688],{"className":25,"code":149687,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,149689,149690,149694],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149691,149692],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149693,1671],{"class":47},[33,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149697,1427],{"class":43},[33,149699,1431],{"class":1430},[33,149701,245],{"class":79},[33,149703,1436],{"class":83},[33,149705,236],{"class":79},[33,149707,1441],{"class":43},[14,149709,149710],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149712,149713],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[316,149715,149716,149721],{},[319,149717,149718,149719],{},"Empty tuple: ",[30,149720,1360],{},[319,149722,149723,149724],{},"Empty list: ",[30,149725,301],{},[14,149727,149728,149729,310],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[273,149730,149731],{"href":57297},"Python list: creating a list",[18,149733,149735],{"id":149734},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149737,149738],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149740,149741,149742,149744],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[205,149743,4796],{}," automatically a tuple:",[23,149746,149748],{"className":25,"code":149747,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,149749,149750,149762,149772],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149751,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149753,2622],{"class":39},[33,149755,44],{"class":43},[33,149757,1381],{"class":47},[33,149759,1085],{"class":51},[33,149761,143],{"class":47},[33,149763,149764,149766,149768,149770],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149765,157],{"class":156},[33,149767,133],{"class":47},[33,149769,2647],{"class":162},[33,149771,143],{"class":47},[33,149773,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149775,157],{"class":156},[33,149777,133],{"class":47},[33,149779,1406],{"class":129},[33,149781,133],{"class":47},[33,149783,2647],{"class":162},[33,149785,733],{"class":47},[14,149787,207],{},[23,149789,149791],{"className":25,"code":149790,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,149792,149793,149797],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149794,149795],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149796,3123],{"class":51},[33,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149800,1427],{"class":43},[33,149802,1431],{"class":1430},[33,149804,245],{"class":79},[33,149806,2366],{"class":83},[33,149808,236],{"class":79},[33,149810,1441],{"class":43},[14,149812,149813],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[23,149815,149817],{"className":25,"code":149816,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[30,149818,149819,149831,149841],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149820,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149822,149312],{"class":39},[33,149824,44],{"class":43},[33,149826,1381],{"class":47},[33,149828,1085],{"class":51},[33,149830,149321],{"class":47},[33,149832,149833,149835,149837,149839],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149834,157],{"class":156},[33,149836,133],{"class":47},[33,149838,149390],{"class":162},[33,149840,143],{"class":47},[33,149842,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,149844,157],{"class":156},[33,149846,133],{"class":47},[33,149848,1406],{"class":129},[33,149850,133],{"class":47},[33,149852,149390],{"class":162},[33,149854,733],{"class":47},[14,149856,207],{},[23,149858,149860],{"className":25,"code":149859,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,149861,149862,149870],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149863,149864,149866,149868],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149865,133],{"class":47},[33,149867,1085],{"class":51},[33,149869,149321],{"class":47},[33,149871,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149873,1427],{"class":43},[33,149875,1431],{"class":1430},[33,149877,245],{"class":79},[33,149879,1436],{"class":83},[33,149881,236],{"class":79},[33,149883,1441],{"class":43},[14,149885,16808],{},[23,149887,149889],{"className":25,"code":149888,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(\"apple\",)\n",[30,149890,149891],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149892,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149894,133],{"class":47},[33,149896,80],{"class":79},[33,149898,386],{"class":83},[33,149900,80],{"class":79},[33,149902,149321],{"class":47},[14,149904,16796],{},[23,149906,149908],{"className":25,"code":149907,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(\"apple\")\n",[30,149909,149910],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149911,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149913,133],{"class":47},[33,149915,80],{"class":79},[33,149917,386],{"class":83},[33,149919,80],{"class":79},[33,149921,143],{"class":47},[14,149923,149924],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[18,149926,149928],{"id":149927},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149930,149931],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[664,149933,56606],{"id":163},[23,149935,149936],{"className":25,"code":149507,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,149937,149938,149958],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149939,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149941,40],{"class":39},[33,149943,44],{"class":43},[33,149945,1381],{"class":47},[33,149947,52],{"class":51},[33,149949,55],{"class":47},[33,149951,58],{"class":51},[33,149953,55],{"class":47},[33,149955,63],{"class":51},[33,149957,143],{"class":47},[33,149959,149960,149962,149964,149966],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,149961,157],{"class":156},[33,149963,133],{"class":47},[33,149965,163],{"class":162},[33,149967,143],{"class":47},[664,149969,56609],{"id":906},[23,149971,149973],{"className":25,"code":149972,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[30,149974,149975,150007],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,149976,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,149978,13229],{"class":39},[33,149980,44],{"class":43},[33,149982,1381],{"class":47},[33,149984,80],{"class":79},[33,149986,13246],{"class":83},[33,149988,80],{"class":79},[33,149990,55],{"class":47},[33,149992,91],{"class":79},[33,149994,17608],{"class":83},[33,149996,80],{"class":79},[33,149998,55],{"class":47},[33,150000,91],{"class":79},[33,150002,13263],{"class":83},[33,150004,80],{"class":79},[33,150006,143],{"class":47},[33,150008,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150010,157],{"class":156},[33,150012,133],{"class":47},[33,150014,17655],{"class":162},[33,150016,143],{"class":47},[664,150018,150020],{"id":150019},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[23,150022,150024],{"className":25,"code":150023,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[30,150025,150026,150050],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150027,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150029,531],{"class":39},[33,150031,44],{"class":43},[33,150033,1381],{"class":47},[33,150035,52],{"class":51},[33,150037,55],{"class":47},[33,150039,91],{"class":79},[33,150041,386],{"class":83},[33,150043,80],{"class":79},[33,150045,55],{"class":47},[33,150047,399],{"class":398},[33,150049,143],{"class":47},[33,150051,150052,150054,150056,150058],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150053,157],{"class":156},[33,150055,133],{"class":47},[33,150057,587],{"class":162},[33,150059,143],{"class":47},[664,150061,150063],{"id":150062},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150065,150066],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[23,150068,150070],{"className":25,"code":150069,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[30,150071,150072,150113],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150073,150074,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150075,150076],{"class":39},"nested ",[33,150078,44],{"class":43},[33,150080,1381],{"class":47},[33,150082,52],{"class":51},[33,150084,55],{"class":47},[33,150086,1381],{"class":47},[33,150088,80],{"class":79},[33,150090,273],{"class":83},[33,150092,80],{"class":79},[33,150094,55],{"class":47},[33,150096,91],{"class":79},[33,150098,282],{"class":83},[33,150100,80],{"class":79},[33,150102,9388],{"class":47},[33,150104,48],{"class":47},[33,150106,538],{"class":51},[33,150108,55],{"class":47},[33,150110,7949],{"class":51},[33,150112,4059],{"class":47},[33,150114,150115,150117,150119,150122],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150116,157],{"class":156},[33,150118,133],{"class":47},[33,150120,150121],{"class":162},"nested",[33,150123,143],{"class":47},[14,150125,207],{},[23,150127,150129],{"className":25,"code":150128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[30,150130,150131],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150132,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150134,133],{"class":47},[33,150136,52],{"class":51},[33,150138,55],{"class":47},[33,150140,1381],{"class":47},[33,150142,236],{"class":79},[33,150144,273],{"class":83},[33,150146,236],{"class":79},[33,150148,55],{"class":47},[33,150150,245],{"class":79},[33,150152,282],{"class":83},[33,150154,236],{"class":79},[33,150156,9388],{"class":47},[33,150158,48],{"class":47},[33,150160,538],{"class":51},[33,150162,55],{"class":47},[33,150164,7949],{"class":51},[33,150166,4059],{"class":47},[18,150168,150170,150171],{"id":150169},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[30,150172,38201],{},[14,150174,150175,150176,150178],{},"You can use the built-in ",[30,150177,38201],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150180,150181,150182,310],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[273,150183,63193],{"href":63192},[664,150185,105224],{"id":105223},[23,150187,150189],{"className":25,"code":150188,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,150190,150191,150213],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150192,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150194,40],{"class":39},[33,150196,44],{"class":43},[33,150198,149331],{"class":129},[33,150200,3162],{"class":47},[33,150202,52],{"class":51},[33,150204,55],{"class":47},[33,150206,58],{"class":51},[33,150208,55],{"class":47},[33,150210,63],{"class":51},[33,150212,4059],{"class":47},[33,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150216,157],{"class":156},[33,150218,133],{"class":47},[33,150220,163],{"class":162},[33,150222,143],{"class":47},[14,150224,207],{},[23,150226,150227],{"className":25,"code":149544,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,150228,150229],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150230,150231,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150232,133],{"class":47},[33,150234,52],{"class":51},[33,150236,55],{"class":47},[33,150238,58],{"class":51},[33,150240,55],{"class":47},[33,150242,63],{"class":51},[33,150244,143],{"class":47},[664,150246,105410],{"id":105409},[23,150248,150250],{"className":25,"code":150249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[30,150251,150252,150270],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150255,124],{"class":39},[33,150257,44],{"class":43},[33,150259,149331],{"class":129},[33,150261,133],{"class":47},[33,150263,80],{"class":79},[33,150265,138],{"class":83},[33,150267,80],{"class":79},[33,150269,143],{"class":47},[33,150271,150272,150274,150276,150278],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150273,157],{"class":156},[33,150275,133],{"class":47},[33,150277,199],{"class":162},[33,150279,143],{"class":47},[14,150281,207],{},[23,150283,150285],{"className":25,"code":150284,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[30,150286,150287],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150288,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150290,133],{"class":47},[33,150292,236],{"class":79},[33,150294,273],{"class":83},[33,150296,236],{"class":79},[33,150298,55],{"class":47},[33,150300,245],{"class":79},[33,150302,282],{"class":83},[33,150304,236],{"class":79},[33,150306,55],{"class":47},[33,150308,245],{"class":79},[33,150310,291],{"class":83},[33,150312,236],{"class":79},[33,150314,143],{"class":47},[14,150316,150317],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[664,150319,150321],{"id":150320},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[23,150323,150325],{"className":25,"code":150324,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[30,150326,150327,150345],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150328,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339,150341,150343],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150330,1071],{"class":39},[33,150332,44],{"class":43},[33,150334,149331],{"class":129},[33,150336,133],{"class":47},[33,150338,1080],{"class":156},[33,150340,133],{"class":47},[33,150342,2679],{"class":51},[33,150344,733],{"class":47},[33,150346,150347,150349,150351,150353],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150348,157],{"class":156},[33,150350,133],{"class":47},[33,150352,1096],{"class":162},[33,150354,143],{"class":47},[14,150356,207],{},[23,150358,150360],{"className":25,"code":150359,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[30,150361,150362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150363,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150365,133],{"class":47},[33,150367,1114],{"class":51},[33,150369,55],{"class":47},[33,150371,1119],{"class":51},[33,150373,55],{"class":47},[33,150375,58],{"class":51},[33,150377,55],{"class":47},[33,150379,63],{"class":51},[33,150381,143],{"class":47},[14,150383,150384],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[18,150386,20954],{"id":20953},[316,150388,150389,150392,150395,150398],{},[319,150390,150391],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[319,150393,150394],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[319,150396,150397],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[319,150399,150400],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150402,150403,150404,310],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[273,150405,150407],{"href":150406},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[18,150409,3006],{"id":3005},[14,150411,150412],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[664,150414,150416],{"id":150415},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150418,150419],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[23,150421,150423],{"className":25,"code":150422,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[30,150424,150425,150441],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150426,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150428,28691],{"class":39},[33,150430,44],{"class":43},[33,150432,1381],{"class":47},[33,150434,80],{"class":79},[33,150436,386],{"class":83},[33,150438,80],{"class":79},[33,150440,143],{"class":47},[33,150442,150443,150445,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150444,157],{"class":156},[33,150446,133],{"class":47},[33,150448,1406],{"class":129},[33,150450,133],{"class":47},[33,150452,23464],{"class":162},[33,150454,733],{"class":47},[14,150456,150457],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[23,150459,150461],{"className":25,"code":150460,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[30,150462,150463,150479],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150464,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475,150477],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150466,28691],{"class":39},[33,150468,44],{"class":43},[33,150470,1381],{"class":47},[33,150472,80],{"class":79},[33,150474,386],{"class":83},[33,150476,80],{"class":79},[33,150478,149321],{"class":47},[33,150480,150481,150483,150485,150487,150489,150491],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150482,157],{"class":156},[33,150484,133],{"class":47},[33,150486,1406],{"class":129},[33,150488,133],{"class":47},[33,150490,23464],{"class":162},[33,150492,733],{"class":47},[664,150494,150496],{"id":150495},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150498,150499],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[23,150501,150503],{"className":25,"code":150502,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[30,150504,150505,150525],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150506,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150508,1071],{"class":39},[33,150510,44],{"class":43},[33,150512,48],{"class":47},[33,150514,52],{"class":51},[33,150516,55],{"class":47},[33,150518,58],{"class":51},[33,150520,55],{"class":47},[33,150522,63],{"class":51},[33,150524,66],{"class":47},[33,150526,150527,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150528,157],{"class":156},[33,150530,133],{"class":47},[33,150532,1406],{"class":129},[33,150534,133],{"class":47},[33,150536,1096],{"class":162},[33,150538,733],{"class":47},[14,150540,150541],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[23,150543,150545],{"className":25,"code":150544,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[30,150546,150547,150567],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150548,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150550,1071],{"class":39},[33,150552,44],{"class":43},[33,150554,1381],{"class":47},[33,150556,52],{"class":51},[33,150558,55],{"class":47},[33,150560,58],{"class":51},[33,150562,55],{"class":47},[33,150564,63],{"class":51},[33,150566,143],{"class":47},[33,150568,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577,150579],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150570,157],{"class":156},[33,150572,133],{"class":47},[33,150574,1406],{"class":129},[33,150576,133],{"class":47},[33,150578,1096],{"class":162},[33,150580,733],{"class":47},[664,150582,150584],{"id":150583},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150586,150397],{},[23,150588,150590],{"className":25,"code":150589,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[30,150591,150592,150612],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150593,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150595,40],{"class":39},[33,150597,44],{"class":43},[33,150599,1381],{"class":47},[33,150601,52],{"class":51},[33,150603,55],{"class":47},[33,150605,58],{"class":51},[33,150607,55],{"class":47},[33,150609,63],{"class":51},[33,150611,143],{"class":47},[33,150613,150614],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150615,150616],{"class":1308},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150618,150619],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[664,150621,37358,150623,150626],{"id":150622},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[30,150624,150625],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150628,64619],{},[23,150630,150631],{"className":25,"code":150249,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,150632,150633,150651],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150634,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150636,124],{"class":39},[33,150638,44],{"class":43},[33,150640,149331],{"class":129},[33,150642,133],{"class":47},[33,150644,80],{"class":79},[33,150646,138],{"class":83},[33,150648,80],{"class":79},[33,150650,143],{"class":47},[33,150652,150653,150655,150657,150659],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150654,157],{"class":156},[33,150656,133],{"class":47},[33,150658,199],{"class":162},[33,150660,143],{"class":47},[14,150662,150663],{},"gives:",[23,150665,150666],{"className":25,"code":150284,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,150667,150668],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692,150694],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150671,133],{"class":47},[33,150673,236],{"class":79},[33,150675,273],{"class":83},[33,150677,236],{"class":79},[33,150679,55],{"class":47},[33,150681,245],{"class":79},[33,150683,282],{"class":83},[33,150685,236],{"class":79},[33,150687,55],{"class":47},[33,150689,245],{"class":79},[33,150691,291],{"class":83},[33,150693,236],{"class":79},[33,150695,143],{"class":47},[14,150697,150698],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[23,150700,150702],{"className":25,"code":150701,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[30,150703,150704,150720],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150705,150706,150708,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150707,6313],{"class":39},[33,150709,44],{"class":43},[33,150711,1381],{"class":47},[33,150713,80],{"class":79},[33,150715,138],{"class":83},[33,150717,80],{"class":79},[33,150719,149321],{"class":47},[33,150721,150722,150724,150726,150728],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150723,157],{"class":156},[33,150725,133],{"class":47},[33,150727,38545],{"class":162},[33,150729,143],{"class":47},[14,150731,207],{},[23,150733,150735],{"className":25,"code":150734,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('abc',)\n",[30,150736,150737],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150738,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150740,133],{"class":47},[33,150742,236],{"class":79},[33,150744,138],{"class":83},[33,150746,236],{"class":79},[33,150748,149321],{"class":47},[664,150750,150752],{"id":150751},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150754,150755],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[23,150757,150759],{"className":25,"code":150758,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[30,150760,150761,150778,150782,150792,150806],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150762,150763,150766,150768,150770,150772,150774,150776],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150764,150765],{"class":39},"my_tuple ",[33,150767,44],{"class":43},[33,150769,1381],{"class":47},[33,150771,80],{"class":79},[33,150773,386],{"class":83},[33,150775,80],{"class":79},[33,150777,149321],{"class":47},[33,150779,150780],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,150781,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,150783,150784,150786,150788,150790],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,150785,157],{"class":156},[33,150787,133],{"class":47},[33,150789,147983],{"class":162},[33,150791,143],{"class":47},[33,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,150795,157],{"class":156},[33,150797,133],{"class":47},[33,150799,1406],{"class":129},[33,150801,133],{"class":47},[33,150803,147983],{"class":162},[33,150805,733],{"class":47},[33,150807,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,150809,157],{"class":156},[33,150811,133],{"class":47},[33,150813,726],{"class":156},[33,150815,133],{"class":47},[33,150817,147983],{"class":162},[33,150819,733],{"class":47},[18,150821,1961],{"id":1960},[664,150823,150825],{"id":150824},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150827,150828,150829,150832],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[30,150830,150831],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[664,150834,150836],{"id":150835},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150838,150839],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[664,150841,150843],{"id":150842},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150845,150846],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[664,150848,150850],{"id":150849},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150852,150853],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[664,150855,2007,150857,12869],{"id":150856},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[30,150858,150625],{},[14,150860,5312,150861,150864],{},[30,150862,150863],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[18,150866,2045],{"id":2044},[316,150868,150869,150873,150877,150883,150888,150893,150897],{},[319,150870,150871],{},[273,150872,147965],{"href":147964},[319,150874,150875],{},[273,150876,149638],{"href":149637},[319,150878,150879],{},[273,150880,150882],{"href":150881},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[319,150884,150885],{},[273,150886,150887],{"href":149203},"Python tuple length with len()",[319,150889,150890],{},[273,150891,150892],{"href":149268},"What is a tuple in Python?",[319,150894,150895],{},[273,150896,63193],{"href":63192},[319,150898,150899],{},[273,150900,150901],{"href":150406},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2097,150903,150904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":150906},[150907,150908,150909,150910,150911,150912,150918,150924,150925,150933,150941],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":149497,"depth":69,"text":149498},{"id":149641,"depth":69,"text":149642},{"id":149734,"depth":69,"text":149735},{"id":149927,"depth":69,"text":149928,"children":150913},[150914,150915,150916,150917],{"id":163,"depth":110,"text":56606},{"id":906,"depth":110,"text":56609},{"id":150019,"depth":110,"text":150020},{"id":150062,"depth":110,"text":150063},{"id":150169,"depth":69,"text":150919,"children":150920},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150921,150922,150923],{"id":105223,"depth":110,"text":105224},{"id":105409,"depth":110,"text":105410},{"id":150320,"depth":110,"text":150321},{"id":20953,"depth":69,"text":20954},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":150926},[150927,150928,150929,150930,150932],{"id":150415,"depth":110,"text":150416},{"id":150495,"depth":110,"text":150496},{"id":150583,"depth":110,"text":150584},{"id":150622,"depth":110,"text":150931},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150751,"depth":110,"text":150752},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":150934},[150935,150936,150937,150938,150939],{"id":150824,"depth":110,"text":150825},{"id":150835,"depth":110,"text":150836},{"id":150842,"depth":110,"text":150843},{"id":150849,"depth":110,"text":150850},{"id":150856,"depth":110,"text":150940},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149254,"description":150942},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150949,"title":150950,"body":150951,"description":152496,"extension":2138,"meta":152497,"navigation":149,"path":152498,"seo":152499,"stem":152500,"__hash__":152501},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150952,"toc":152466},[150953,150956,150961,150963,150976,150982,150984,151051,151053,151088,151093,151097,151101,151103,151114,151122,151124,151126,151147,151149,151169,151172,151174,151179,151222,151224,151246,151249,151262,151266,151270,151273,151326,151328,151349,151354,151358,151361,151406,151408,151441,151453,151457,151465,151502,151504,151533,151537,151540,151593,151595,151615,151622,151626,151631,151700,151702,151727,151731,151734,151740,151817,151819,151878,151880,151892,151897,151901,151905,151919,151921,151956,151958,151975,151978,151991,151995,151999,152010,152015,152030,152033,152036,152038,152041,152045,152047,152061,152063,152087,152092,152096,152099,152118,152121,152170,152175,152192,152195,152228,152232,152234,152285,152288,152313,152316,152339,152343,152349,152351,152386,152389,152394,152396,152400,152403,152407,152412,152416,152419,152423,152426,152430,152435,152437,152463],[10,150954,150950],{"id":150955},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150957,9279,150958,150960],{},[30,150959,38201],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150962,82565],{},[316,150964,150965,150970],{},[319,150966,150967,150969],{},[30,150968,38201],{}," creates an empty tuple",[319,150971,150972,150975],{},[30,150973,150974],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150977,150978,150979,150981],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[30,150980,38201],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[18,150983,2180],{"id":2179},[23,150985,150987],{"className":25,"code":150986,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,150988,150989,151009,151023,151027,151037],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,150990,150991,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,150992,40],{"class":39},[33,150994,44],{"class":43},[33,150996,48],{"class":47},[33,150998,52],{"class":51},[33,151000,55],{"class":47},[33,151002,58],{"class":51},[33,151004,55],{"class":47},[33,151006,63],{"class":51},[33,151008,66],{"class":47},[33,151010,151011,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151012,1506],{"class":39},[33,151014,44],{"class":43},[33,151016,149331],{"class":129},[33,151018,133],{"class":47},[33,151020,163],{"class":162},[33,151022,143],{"class":47},[33,151024,151025],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151026,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151028,151029,151031,151033,151035],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151030,157],{"class":156},[33,151032,133],{"class":47},[33,151034,1530],{"class":162},[33,151036,143],{"class":47},[33,151038,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047,151049],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,151040,157],{"class":156},[33,151042,133],{"class":47},[33,151044,1406],{"class":129},[33,151046,133],{"class":47},[33,151048,1530],{"class":162},[33,151050,733],{"class":47},[14,151052,207],{},[23,151054,151056],{"className":25,"code":151055,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,151057,151058,151074],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151059,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151061,133],{"class":47},[33,151063,52],{"class":51},[33,151065,55],{"class":47},[33,151067,58],{"class":51},[33,151069,55],{"class":47},[33,151071,63],{"class":51},[33,151073,143],{"class":47},[33,151075,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151077,1427],{"class":43},[33,151079,1431],{"class":1430},[33,151081,245],{"class":79},[33,151083,1436],{"class":83},[33,151085,236],{"class":79},[33,151087,1441],{"class":43},[14,151089,672,151090,151092],{},[30,151091,150974],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[18,151094,151096],{"id":151095},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151098,151099,62901],{},[30,151100,38201],{},[14,151102,49081],{},[316,151104,151105,151108,151111],{},[319,151106,151107],{},"creates a tuple object",[319,151109,151110],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[319,151112,151113],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151115,151116,151117,151119,151120,310],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[273,151118,149269],{"href":149268}," or the full guide to ",[273,151121,147965],{"href":147964},[18,151123,2334],{"id":2333},[14,151125,26639],{},[23,151127,151129],{"className":25,"code":151128,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[30,151130,151131,151137],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151132,151133,151135],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151134,1436],{"class":129},[33,151136,1671],{"class":47},[33,151138,151139,151141,151143,151145],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151140,1436],{"class":129},[33,151142,133],{"class":47},[33,151144,3892],{"class":162},[33,151146,143],{"class":47},[14,151148,11610],{},[316,151150,151151,151154],{},[319,151152,151153],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[319,151155,151156,151157],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[316,151158,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167],{},[319,151160,5464],{},[319,151162,906],{},[319,151164,62972],{},[319,151166,912],{},[319,151168,7410],{},[14,151170,151171],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[18,151173,149642],{"id":149641},[14,151175,29803,151176,151178],{},[30,151177,38201],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[23,151180,151182],{"className":25,"code":151181,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[30,151183,151184,151194,151198,151208],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151187,124829],{"class":39},[33,151189,44],{"class":43},[33,151191,149331],{"class":129},[33,151193,1671],{"class":47},[33,151195,151196],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151197,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151199,151200,151202,151204,151206],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151201,157],{"class":156},[33,151203,133],{"class":47},[33,151205,124880],{"class":162},[33,151207,143],{"class":47},[33,151209,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151211,157],{"class":156},[33,151213,133],{"class":47},[33,151215,1406],{"class":129},[33,151217,133],{"class":47},[33,151219,124880],{"class":162},[33,151221,733],{"class":47},[14,151223,207],{},[23,151225,151226],{"className":25,"code":149687,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,151227,151228,151232],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151229,151230],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151231,1671],{"class":47},[33,151233,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151235,1427],{"class":43},[33,151237,1431],{"class":1430},[33,151239,245],{"class":79},[33,151241,1436],{"class":83},[33,151243,236],{"class":79},[33,151245,1441],{"class":43},[14,151247,151248],{},"This is equivalent to:",[23,151250,151252],{"className":25,"code":151251,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty = ()\n",[30,151253,151254],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151255,151256,151258,151260],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151257,124829],{"class":39},[33,151259,44],{"class":43},[33,151261,149307],{"class":47},[18,151263,151265],{"id":151264},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[664,151267,151269],{"id":151268},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151271,151272],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[23,151274,151276],{"className":25,"code":151275,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,151277,151278,151298,151312,151316],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151279,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151281,40],{"class":39},[33,151283,44],{"class":43},[33,151285,48],{"class":47},[33,151287,538],{"class":51},[33,151289,55],{"class":47},[33,151291,7949],{"class":51},[33,151293,55],{"class":47},[33,151295,7954],{"class":51},[33,151297,66],{"class":47},[33,151299,151300,151302,151304,151306,151308,151310],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151301,1506],{"class":39},[33,151303,44],{"class":43},[33,151305,149331],{"class":129},[33,151307,133],{"class":47},[33,151309,163],{"class":162},[33,151311,143],{"class":47},[33,151313,151314],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151315,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151319,157],{"class":156},[33,151321,133],{"class":47},[33,151323,1530],{"class":162},[33,151325,143],{"class":47},[14,151327,207],{},[23,151329,151331],{"className":25,"code":151330,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[30,151332,151333],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151336,133],{"class":47},[33,151338,538],{"class":51},[33,151340,55],{"class":47},[33,151342,7949],{"class":51},[33,151344,55],{"class":47},[33,151346,7954],{"class":51},[33,151348,143],{"class":47},[14,151350,151351,151352,310],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[273,151353,105029],{"href":1142},[664,151355,151357],{"id":151356},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151359,151360],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[23,151362,151364],{"className":25,"code":151363,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,151365,151366,151378,151392,151396],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151367,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151369,34843],{"class":39},[33,151371,44],{"class":43},[33,151373,91],{"class":79},[33,151375,37201],{"class":83},[33,151377,3532],{"class":79},[33,151379,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151381,1506],{"class":39},[33,151383,44],{"class":43},[33,151385,149331],{"class":129},[33,151387,133],{"class":47},[33,151389,34864],{"class":162},[33,151391,143],{"class":47},[33,151393,151394],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151395,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151397,151398,151400,151402,151404],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151399,157],{"class":156},[33,151401,133],{"class":47},[33,151403,1530],{"class":162},[33,151405,143],{"class":47},[14,151407,207],{},[23,151409,151411],{"className":25,"code":151410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[30,151412,151413],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151414,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151416,133],{"class":47},[33,151418,236],{"class":79},[33,151420,291],{"class":83},[33,151422,236],{"class":79},[33,151424,55],{"class":47},[33,151426,245],{"class":79},[33,151428,273],{"class":83},[33,151430,236],{"class":79},[33,151432,55],{"class":47},[33,151434,245],{"class":79},[33,151436,63262],{"class":83},[33,151438,236],{"class":79},[33,151440,143],{"class":47},[14,151442,151443,151444,14207,151447,151449,151450,310],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[30,151445,151446],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[205,151448,4796],{}," create ",[30,151451,151452],{},"('cat',)",[664,151454,151456],{"id":151455},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151458,151459,151461,151462,151464],{},[30,151460,309],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[30,151463,38201],{}," collects them all.",[23,151466,151468],{"className":25,"code":151467,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,151469,151470,151488,151492],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151471,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151473,1506],{"class":39},[33,151475,44],{"class":43},[33,151477,149331],{"class":129},[33,151479,133],{"class":47},[33,151481,1080],{"class":156},[33,151483,133],{"class":47},[33,151485,1085],{"class":51},[33,151487,733],{"class":47},[33,151489,151490],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151491,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151493,151494,151496,151498,151500],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151495,157],{"class":156},[33,151497,133],{"class":47},[33,151499,1530],{"class":162},[33,151501,143],{"class":47},[14,151503,207],{},[23,151505,151507],{"className":25,"code":151506,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[30,151508,151509],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151510,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151512,133],{"class":47},[33,151514,1114],{"class":51},[33,151516,55],{"class":47},[33,151518,1119],{"class":51},[33,151520,55],{"class":47},[33,151522,58],{"class":51},[33,151524,55],{"class":47},[33,151526,63],{"class":51},[33,151528,55],{"class":47},[33,151530,1132],{"class":51},[33,151532,143],{"class":47},[664,151534,151536],{"id":151535},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151538,151539],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[23,151541,151543],{"className":25,"code":151542,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,151544,151545,151565,151579,151583],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151546,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151548,1071],{"class":39},[33,151550,44],{"class":43},[33,151552,10644],{"class":47},[33,151554,52],{"class":51},[33,151556,55],{"class":47},[33,151558,58],{"class":51},[33,151560,55],{"class":47},[33,151562,63],{"class":51},[33,151564,9462],{"class":47},[33,151566,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151568,1506],{"class":39},[33,151570,44],{"class":43},[33,151572,149331],{"class":129},[33,151574,133],{"class":47},[33,151576,1096],{"class":162},[33,151578,143],{"class":47},[33,151580,151581],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151582,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151584,151585,151587,151589,151591],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151586,157],{"class":156},[33,151588,133],{"class":47},[33,151590,1530],{"class":162},[33,151592,143],{"class":47},[14,151594,207],{},[23,151596,151597],{"className":25,"code":149544,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,151598,151599],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151602,133],{"class":47},[33,151604,52],{"class":51},[33,151606,55],{"class":47},[33,151608,58],{"class":51},[33,151610,55],{"class":47},[33,151612,63],{"class":51},[33,151614,143],{"class":47},[14,151616,151617,151618,310],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[273,151619,151621],{"href":151620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[664,151623,151625],{"id":151624},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151627,63515,151628,151630],{},[30,151629,38201],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[23,151632,151634],{"className":25,"code":151633,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[30,151635,151636,151672,151686,151690],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151637,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151639,13358],{"class":39},[33,151641,44],{"class":43},[33,151643,10644],{"class":47},[33,151645,80],{"class":79},[33,151647,7827],{"class":83},[33,151649,80],{"class":79},[33,151651,3061],{"class":47},[33,151653,91],{"class":79},[33,151655,84],{"class":83},[33,151657,80],{"class":79},[33,151659,55],{"class":47},[33,151661,91],{"class":79},[33,151663,9453],{"class":83},[33,151665,80],{"class":79},[33,151667,3061],{"class":47},[33,151669,1196],{"class":51},[33,151671,9462],{"class":47},[33,151673,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151675,1506],{"class":39},[33,151677,44],{"class":43},[33,151679,149331],{"class":129},[33,151681,133],{"class":47},[33,151683,17459],{"class":162},[33,151685,143],{"class":47},[33,151687,151688],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151689,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151693,157],{"class":156},[33,151695,133],{"class":47},[33,151697,1530],{"class":162},[33,151699,143],{"class":47},[14,151701,30183],{},[23,151703,151705],{"className":25,"code":151704,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('name', 'age')\n",[30,151706,151707],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151708,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151710,133],{"class":47},[33,151712,236],{"class":79},[33,151714,7827],{"class":83},[33,151716,236],{"class":79},[33,151718,55],{"class":47},[33,151720,245],{"class":79},[33,151722,9453],{"class":83},[33,151724,236],{"class":79},[33,151726,143],{"class":47},[18,151728,151730],{"id":151729},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151732,151733],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151735,151736,151739],{},[30,151737,151738],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[23,151741,151743],{"className":25,"code":151742,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[30,151744,151745,151781,151785,151799],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151746,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151748,13358],{"class":39},[33,151750,44],{"class":43},[33,151752,10644],{"class":47},[33,151754,80],{"class":79},[33,151756,7827],{"class":83},[33,151758,80],{"class":79},[33,151760,3061],{"class":47},[33,151762,91],{"class":79},[33,151764,84],{"class":83},[33,151766,80],{"class":79},[33,151768,55],{"class":47},[33,151770,91],{"class":79},[33,151772,9453],{"class":83},[33,151774,80],{"class":79},[33,151776,3061],{"class":47},[33,151778,1196],{"class":51},[33,151780,9462],{"class":47},[33,151782,151783],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151784,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,151786,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,151788,157],{"class":156},[33,151790,133],{"class":47},[33,151792,1436],{"class":129},[33,151794,133],{"class":47},[33,151796,17459],{"class":162},[33,151798,733],{"class":47},[33,151800,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,151802,157],{"class":156},[33,151804,133],{"class":47},[33,151806,1436],{"class":129},[33,151808,133],{"class":47},[33,151810,17459],{"class":162},[33,151812,310],{"class":47},[33,151814,414],{"class":162},[33,151816,6449],{"class":47},[14,151818,207],{},[23,151820,151822],{"className":25,"code":151821,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[30,151823,151824,151844],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151825,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151827,133],{"class":47},[33,151829,236],{"class":79},[33,151831,7827],{"class":83},[33,151833,236],{"class":79},[33,151835,55],{"class":47},[33,151837,245],{"class":79},[33,151839,9453],{"class":83},[33,151841,236],{"class":79},[33,151843,143],{"class":47},[33,151845,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151847,1010],{"class":47},[33,151849,236],{"class":79},[33,151851,7827],{"class":83},[33,151853,236],{"class":79},[33,151855,55],{"class":47},[33,151857,245],{"class":79},[33,151859,84],{"class":83},[33,151861,236],{"class":79},[33,151863,9388],{"class":47},[33,151865,1381],{"class":47},[33,151867,236],{"class":79},[33,151869,9453],{"class":83},[33,151871,236],{"class":79},[33,151873,55],{"class":47},[33,151875,1196],{"class":51},[33,151877,733],{"class":47},[14,151879,18848],{},[316,151881,151882,151887],{},[319,151883,151884,151886],{},[30,151885,151738],{}," for keys",[319,151888,151889,32712],{},[30,151890,151891],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151893,151894,151895,310],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[273,151896,63525],{"href":63524},[18,151898,151900],{"id":151899},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151902,151903,18472],{},[30,151904,38201],{},[316,151906,151907,151910,151913,151916],{},[319,151908,151909],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[319,151911,151912],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[319,151914,151915],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[319,151917,151918],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151920,367],{},[23,151922,151924],{"className":25,"code":151923,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[30,151925,151926,151945],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151927,151928,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151929,151930],{"class":39},"coordinates ",[33,151932,44],{"class":43},[33,151934,149331],{"class":129},[33,151936,3162],{"class":47},[33,151938,2679],{"class":51},[33,151940,55],{"class":47},[33,151942,6153],{"class":51},[33,151944,4059],{"class":47},[33,151946,151947,151949,151951,151954],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,151948,157],{"class":156},[33,151950,133],{"class":47},[33,151952,151953],{"class":162},"coordinates",[33,151955,143],{"class":47},[14,151957,207],{},[23,151959,151961],{"className":25,"code":151960,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(4, 7)\n",[30,151962,151963],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,151964,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,151966,133],{"class":47},[33,151968,2679],{"class":51},[33,151970,55],{"class":47},[33,151972,6153],{"class":51},[33,151974,143],{"class":47},[14,151976,151977],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[316,151979,151980,151982,151985,151988],{},[319,151981,151953],{},[319,151983,151984],{},"RGB colors",[319,151986,151987],{},"dates",[319,151989,151990],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[18,151992,151994],{"id":151993},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151996,44582,151997,10755],{},[30,151998,38201],{},[316,152000,152001,152004,152007],{},[319,152002,152003],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[319,152005,152006],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[319,152008,152009],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152011,116456,152012,152014],{},[205,152013,4796],{}," work:",[23,152016,152018],{"className":25,"code":152017,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple(5)\n",[30,152019,152020],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152021,152022,152024,152026,152028],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152023,1436],{"class":129},[33,152025,133],{"class":47},[33,152027,1085],{"class":51},[33,152029,143],{"class":47},[14,152031,152032],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152034,152035],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[18,152037,115294],{"id":115293},[14,152039,152040],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[664,152042,152044],{"id":152043},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152046,3013],{},[23,152048,152049],{"className":25,"code":152017,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,152050,152051],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152054,1436],{"class":129},[33,152056,133],{"class":47},[33,152058,1085],{"class":51},[33,152060,143],{"class":47},[14,152062,29834],{},[23,152064,152065],{"className":25,"code":63629,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,152066,152067],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152068,152069,152071,152073,152075,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152070,3181],{"class":129},[33,152072,3061],{"class":47},[33,152074,245],{"class":79},[33,152076,2366],{"class":83},[33,152078,236],{"class":79},[33,152080,24771],{"class":129},[33,152082,8254],{"class":43},[33,152084,8257],{"class":43},[33,152086,63652],{"class":39},[14,152088,152089,152090,310],{},"If you see this, read ",[273,152091,62266],{"href":52752},[664,152093,152095],{"id":152094},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152097,152098],{},"This code:",[23,152100,152102],{"className":25,"code":152101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[30,152103,152104],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152105,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152107,1436],{"class":129},[33,152109,133],{"class":47},[33,152111,80],{"class":79},[33,152113,545],{"class":83},[33,152115,80],{"class":79},[33,152117,143],{"class":47},[14,152119,152120],{},"returns:",[23,152122,152124],{"className":25,"code":152123,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[30,152125,152126],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152127,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152129,133],{"class":47},[33,152131,236],{"class":79},[33,152133,1550],{"class":83},[33,152135,236],{"class":79},[33,152137,55],{"class":47},[33,152139,245],{"class":79},[33,152141,1559],{"class":83},[33,152143,236],{"class":79},[33,152145,55],{"class":47},[33,152147,245],{"class":79},[33,152149,1568],{"class":83},[33,152151,236],{"class":79},[33,152153,55],{"class":47},[33,152155,245],{"class":79},[33,152157,1568],{"class":83},[33,152159,236],{"class":79},[33,152161,55],{"class":47},[33,152163,245],{"class":79},[33,152165,1585],{"class":83},[33,152167,236],{"class":79},[33,152169,143],{"class":47},[14,152171,41059,152172,152174],{},[205,152173,4796],{}," return:",[23,152176,152178],{"className":25,"code":152177,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('hello',)\n",[30,152179,152180],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152181,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152183,133],{"class":47},[33,152185,236],{"class":79},[33,152187,545],{"class":83},[33,152189,236],{"class":79},[33,152191,149321],{"class":47},[14,152193,152194],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[23,152196,152198],{"className":25,"code":152197,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[30,152199,152200,152217],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152201,152202,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152203,152204],{"class":39},"single ",[33,152206,44],{"class":43},[33,152208,1381],{"class":47},[33,152210,80],{"class":79},[33,152212,545],{"class":83},[33,152214,80],{"class":79},[33,152216,149321],{"class":47},[33,152218,152219,152221,152223,152226],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152220,157],{"class":156},[33,152222,133],{"class":47},[33,152224,152225],{"class":162},"single",[33,152227,143],{"class":47},[664,152229,152231],{"id":152230},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152233,152098],{},[23,152235,152237],{"className":25,"code":152236,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[30,152238,152239,152271],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152240,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152242,1181],{"class":39},[33,152244,44],{"class":43},[33,152246,10644],{"class":47},[33,152248,80],{"class":79},[33,152250,273],{"class":83},[33,152252,80],{"class":79},[33,152254,3061],{"class":47},[33,152256,1119],{"class":51},[33,152258,55],{"class":47},[33,152260,91],{"class":79},[33,152262,282],{"class":83},[33,152264,80],{"class":79},[33,152266,3061],{"class":47},[33,152268,58],{"class":51},[33,152270,9462],{"class":47},[33,152272,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152274,157],{"class":156},[33,152276,133],{"class":47},[33,152278,1436],{"class":129},[33,152280,133],{"class":47},[33,152282,1230],{"class":162},[33,152284,733],{"class":47},[14,152286,152287],{},"returns only the keys:",[23,152289,152291],{"className":25,"code":152290,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('a', 'b')\n",[30,152292,152293],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152294,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152296,133],{"class":47},[33,152298,236],{"class":79},[33,152300,273],{"class":83},[33,152302,236],{"class":79},[33,152304,55],{"class":47},[33,152306,245],{"class":79},[33,152308,282],{"class":83},[33,152310,236],{"class":79},[33,152312,143],{"class":47},[14,152314,152315],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[23,152317,152319],{"className":25,"code":152318,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[30,152320,152321],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152322,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152324,157],{"class":156},[33,152326,133],{"class":47},[33,152328,1436],{"class":129},[33,152330,133],{"class":47},[33,152332,1230],{"class":162},[33,152334,310],{"class":47},[33,152336,414],{"class":162},[33,152338,6449],{"class":47},[664,152340,152342],{"id":152341},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152344,152345,152346,152348],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[30,152347,38201],{}," conversion.",[14,152350,5632],{},[23,152352,152354],{"className":25,"code":152353,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[30,152355,152356,152376],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152357,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152359,2622],{"class":39},[33,152361,44],{"class":43},[33,152363,1381],{"class":47},[33,152365,52],{"class":51},[33,152367,55],{"class":47},[33,152369,58],{"class":51},[33,152371,55],{"class":47},[33,152373,63],{"class":51},[33,152375,143],{"class":47},[33,152377,152378,152380,152382,152384],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152379,157],{"class":156},[33,152381,133],{"class":47},[33,152383,2647],{"class":162},[33,152385,143],{"class":47},[14,152387,152388],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152390,25659,152391,152393],{},[30,152392,38201],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[18,152395,1961],{"id":1960},[664,152397,152399],{"id":152398},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152401,152402],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[664,152404,152406],{"id":152405},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152408,152409,152410,310],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[30,152411,1360],{},[664,152413,152415],{"id":152414},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152417,152418],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[664,152420,152422],{"id":152421},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152424,152425],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[664,152427,152429],{"id":152428},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152431,152432,152433,310],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[30,152434,3181],{},[18,152436,2045],{"id":2044},[316,152438,152439,152443,152447,152451,152455,152459],{},[319,152440,152441],{},[273,152442,147965],{"href":147964},[319,152444,152445],{},[273,152446,150892],{"href":149268},[319,152448,152449],{},[273,152450,105029],{"href":1142},[319,152452,152453],{},[273,152454,151621],{"href":151620},[319,152456,152457],{},[273,152458,63525],{"href":63524},[319,152460,152461],{},[273,152462,62266],{"href":52752},[2097,152464,152465],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":152467},[152468,152469,152470,152471,152472,152479,152480,152481,152482,152488,152495],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":151095,"depth":69,"text":151096},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":149641,"depth":69,"text":149642},{"id":151264,"depth":69,"text":151265,"children":152473},[152474,152475,152476,152477,152478],{"id":151268,"depth":110,"text":151269},{"id":151356,"depth":110,"text":151357},{"id":151455,"depth":110,"text":151456},{"id":151535,"depth":110,"text":151536},{"id":151624,"depth":110,"text":151625},{"id":151729,"depth":69,"text":151730},{"id":151899,"depth":69,"text":151900},{"id":151993,"depth":69,"text":151994},{"id":115293,"depth":69,"text":115294,"children":152483},[152484,152485,152486,152487],{"id":152043,"depth":110,"text":152044},{"id":152094,"depth":110,"text":152095},{"id":152230,"depth":110,"text":152231},{"id":152341,"depth":110,"text":152342},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":152489},[152490,152491,152492,152493,152494],{"id":152398,"depth":110,"text":152399},{"id":152405,"depth":110,"text":152406},{"id":152414,"depth":110,"text":152415},{"id":152421,"depth":110,"text":152422},{"id":152428,"depth":110,"text":152429},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150950,"description":152496},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152503,"title":152504,"body":152505,"description":153918,"extension":2138,"meta":153919,"navigation":149,"path":153920,"seo":153921,"stem":153922,"__hash__":153923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152506,"toc":153890},[152507,152512,152517,152520,152522,152601,152607,152612,152616,152631,152633,152680,152682,152690,152698,152704,152706,152711,152731,152734,152761,152763,152787,152789,152931,152933,152937,152945,152948,152950,153027,153029,153037,153041,153045,153055,153065,153067,153072,153074,153133,153138,153140,153240,153242,153256,153261,153267,153274,153277,153279,153389,153393,153410,153412,153475,153477,153485,153497,153501,153506,153534,153537,153619,153621,153632,153634,153638,153665,153667,153669,153749,153757,153759,153814,153816,153821,153824,153828,153832,153834,153838,153842,153850,153857,153860,153862,153887],[10,152508,147849,152510,2059],{"id":152509},"python-tuple-index-method",[30,152511,59111],{},[14,152513,152514,152516],{},[30,152515,149170],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152518,152519],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[18,152521,2180],{"id":2179},[23,152523,152525],{"className":25,"code":152524,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[30,152526,152527,152567,152589],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152528,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152530,13229],{"class":39},[33,152532,44],{"class":43},[33,152534,1381],{"class":47},[33,152536,80],{"class":79},[33,152538,13246],{"class":83},[33,152540,80],{"class":79},[33,152542,55],{"class":47},[33,152544,91],{"class":79},[33,152546,13263],{"class":83},[33,152548,80],{"class":79},[33,152550,55],{"class":47},[33,152552,91],{"class":79},[33,152554,17608],{"class":83},[33,152556,80],{"class":79},[33,152558,55],{"class":47},[33,152560,91],{"class":79},[33,152562,13263],{"class":83},[33,152564,80],{"class":79},[33,152566,143],{"class":47},[33,152568,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152570,64895],{"class":39},[33,152572,44],{"class":43},[33,152574,13277],{"class":39},[33,152576,310],{"class":47},[33,152578,36003],{"class":162},[33,152580,133],{"class":47},[33,152582,80],{"class":79},[33,152584,13263],{"class":83},[33,152586,80],{"class":79},[33,152588,143],{"class":47},[33,152590,152591,152593,152595,152597,152599],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,152592,157],{"class":156},[33,152594,133],{"class":47},[33,152596,64922],{"class":162},[33,152598,3831],{"class":47},[33,152600,27932],{"class":1308},[14,152602,152603,152606],{},[30,152604,152605],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[18,152608,3848,152610,3851],{"id":152609},"what-tupleindex-does",[30,152611,149170],{},[14,152613,2155,152614,11564],{},[30,152615,59111],{},[316,152617,152618,152621,152623,152626],{},[319,152619,152620],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[319,152622,128447],{},[319,152624,152625],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[319,152627,152628,152629],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[30,152630,1114],{},[14,152632,367],{},[23,152634,152636],{"className":25,"code":152635,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[30,152637,152638,152662],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152639,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152641,40],{"class":39},[33,152643,44],{"class":43},[33,152645,1381],{"class":47},[33,152647,538],{"class":51},[33,152649,55],{"class":47},[33,152651,7949],{"class":51},[33,152653,55],{"class":47},[33,152655,7954],{"class":51},[33,152657,55],{"class":47},[33,152659,7949],{"class":51},[33,152661,143],{"class":47},[33,152663,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152665,157],{"class":156},[33,152667,133],{"class":47},[33,152669,163],{"class":162},[33,152671,310],{"class":47},[33,152673,36003],{"class":162},[33,152675,133],{"class":47},[33,152677,15906],{"class":51},[33,152679,733],{"class":47},[14,152681,207],{},[23,152683,152684],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,152685,152686],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152687,152688],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152689,47071],{"class":51},[14,152691,21131,152692,152694,152695,152697],{},[30,152693,15906],{}," appears twice, ",[30,152696,59111],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152699,151116,152700,310],{},[273,152701,152703],{"href":152702},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[18,152705,2334],{"id":2333},[14,152707,7922,152708,152710],{},[30,152709,59111],{}," in two ways:",[23,152712,152714],{"className":25,"code":152713,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[30,152715,152716],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152717,152718,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152719,152720],{"class":39},"tuple_name",[33,152722,310],{"class":47},[33,152724,36003],{"class":162},[33,152726,133],{"class":47},[33,152728,2647],{"class":162},[33,152730,143],{"class":47},[14,152732,152733],{},"or:",[23,152735,152737],{"className":25,"code":152736,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[30,152738,152739],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152740,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152742,152720],{"class":39},[33,152744,310],{"class":47},[33,152746,36003],{"class":162},[33,152748,133],{"class":47},[33,152750,2647],{"class":162},[33,152752,55],{"class":47},[33,152754,36207],{"class":162},[33,152756,55],{"class":47},[33,152758,65016],{"class":162},[33,152760,143],{"class":47},[664,152762,17547],{"id":17546},[316,152764,152765,152770,152775,152780],{},[319,152766,152767,152769],{},[30,152768,2647],{}," — the item to search for",[319,152771,152772,152774],{},[30,152773,36228],{}," — optional starting position",[319,152776,152777,152779],{},[30,152778,52812],{}," — optional ending position",[319,152781,152782,4949,152784,152786],{},[30,152783,52812],{},[205,152785,65045],{}," in the search",[14,152788,367],{},[23,152790,152792],{"className":25,"code":152791,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[30,152793,152794,152842,152846,152871,152899],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152795,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152797,124],{"class":39},[33,152799,44],{"class":43},[33,152801,1381],{"class":47},[33,152803,80],{"class":79},[33,152805,273],{"class":83},[33,152807,80],{"class":79},[33,152809,55],{"class":47},[33,152811,91],{"class":79},[33,152813,282],{"class":83},[33,152815,80],{"class":79},[33,152817,55],{"class":47},[33,152819,91],{"class":79},[33,152821,291],{"class":83},[33,152823,80],{"class":79},[33,152825,55],{"class":47},[33,152827,91],{"class":79},[33,152829,282],{"class":83},[33,152831,80],{"class":79},[33,152833,55],{"class":47},[33,152835,91],{"class":79},[33,152837,1634],{"class":83},[33,152839,80],{"class":79},[33,152841,143],{"class":47},[33,152843,152844],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152845,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,152847,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,152849,157],{"class":156},[33,152851,133],{"class":47},[33,152853,199],{"class":162},[33,152855,310],{"class":47},[33,152857,36003],{"class":162},[33,152859,133],{"class":47},[33,152861,80],{"class":79},[33,152863,282],{"class":83},[33,152865,80],{"class":79},[33,152867,5522],{"class":47},[33,152869,152870],{"class":1308},"        # 1\n",[33,152872,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,152874,157],{"class":156},[33,152876,133],{"class":47},[33,152878,199],{"class":162},[33,152880,310],{"class":47},[33,152882,36003],{"class":162},[33,152884,133],{"class":47},[33,152886,80],{"class":79},[33,152888,282],{"class":83},[33,152890,80],{"class":79},[33,152892,55],{"class":47},[33,152894,58],{"class":51},[33,152896,5522],{"class":47},[33,152898,51072],{"class":1308},[33,152900,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,152902,157],{"class":156},[33,152904,133],{"class":47},[33,152906,199],{"class":162},[33,152908,310],{"class":47},[33,152910,36003],{"class":162},[33,152912,133],{"class":47},[33,152914,80],{"class":79},[33,152916,282],{"class":83},[33,152918,80],{"class":79},[33,152920,55],{"class":47},[33,152922,1119],{"class":51},[33,152924,55],{"class":47},[33,152926,63],{"class":51},[33,152928,5522],{"class":47},[33,152930,27932],{"class":1308},[18,152932,103356],{"id":103355},[14,152934,152935,25662],{},[30,152936,149170],{},[316,152938,152939,152942],{},[319,152940,152941],{},"An integer",[319,152943,152944],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152946,152947],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152949,367],{},[23,152951,152953],{"className":25,"code":152952,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[30,152954,152955,152995,153017],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,152956,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,152958,108455],{"class":39},[33,152960,44],{"class":43},[33,152962,1381],{"class":47},[33,152964,80],{"class":79},[33,152966,37201],{"class":83},[33,152968,80],{"class":79},[33,152970,55],{"class":47},[33,152972,91],{"class":79},[33,152974,58271],{"class":83},[33,152976,80],{"class":79},[33,152978,55],{"class":47},[33,152980,91],{"class":79},[33,152982,58288],{"class":83},[33,152984,80],{"class":79},[33,152986,55],{"class":47},[33,152988,91],{"class":79},[33,152990,58271],{"class":83},[33,152992,80],{"class":79},[33,152994,143],{"class":47},[33,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,152998,1506],{"class":39},[33,153000,44],{"class":43},[33,153002,108498],{"class":39},[33,153004,310],{"class":47},[33,153006,36003],{"class":162},[33,153008,133],{"class":47},[33,153010,80],{"class":79},[33,153012,58271],{"class":83},[33,153014,80],{"class":79},[33,153016,143],{"class":47},[33,153018,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153020,157],{"class":156},[33,153022,133],{"class":47},[33,153024,1530],{"class":162},[33,153026,143],{"class":47},[14,153028,207],{},[23,153030,153031],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,153032,153033],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153034,153035],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153036,47071],{"class":51},[18,153038,153040],{"id":153039},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153042,672,153043,10755],{},[30,153044,149170],{},[316,153046,153047,153049,153052],{},[319,153048,66074],{},[319,153050,153051],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[319,153053,153054],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153056,153057,153058,153061,153062,310],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[30,153059,153060],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[273,153063,149638],{"href":153064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[18,153066,65606],{"id":65605},[14,153068,153069,153070,310],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[30,153071,40857],{},[14,153073,367],{},[23,153075,153077],{"className":25,"code":153076,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[30,153078,153079,153111],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153080,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153082,13229],{"class":39},[33,153084,44],{"class":43},[33,153086,1381],{"class":47},[33,153088,80],{"class":79},[33,153090,13246],{"class":83},[33,153092,80],{"class":79},[33,153094,55],{"class":47},[33,153096,91],{"class":79},[33,153098,13263],{"class":83},[33,153100,80],{"class":79},[33,153102,55],{"class":47},[33,153104,91],{"class":79},[33,153106,17608],{"class":83},[33,153108,80],{"class":79},[33,153110,143],{"class":47},[33,153112,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153114,157],{"class":156},[33,153116,133],{"class":47},[33,153118,17655],{"class":162},[33,153120,310],{"class":47},[33,153122,36003],{"class":162},[33,153124,133],{"class":47},[33,153126,80],{"class":79},[33,153128,22678],{"class":83},[33,153130,80],{"class":79},[33,153132,733],{"class":47},[14,153134,39808,153135,153137],{},[30,153136,109780],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153139,65681],{},[23,153141,153143],{"className":25,"code":153142,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[30,153144,153145,153177,153181,153197,153219,153225],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153146,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153148,13229],{"class":39},[33,153150,44],{"class":43},[33,153152,1381],{"class":47},[33,153154,80],{"class":79},[33,153156,13246],{"class":83},[33,153158,80],{"class":79},[33,153160,55],{"class":47},[33,153162,91],{"class":79},[33,153164,13263],{"class":83},[33,153166,80],{"class":79},[33,153168,55],{"class":47},[33,153170,91],{"class":79},[33,153172,17608],{"class":83},[33,153174,80],{"class":79},[33,153176,143],{"class":47},[33,153178,153179],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153180,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,153182,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153184,7156],{"class":4046},[33,153186,91],{"class":79},[33,153188,22678],{"class":83},[33,153190,80],{"class":79},[33,153192,21327],{"class":43},[33,153194,13277],{"class":39},[33,153196,6553],{"class":47},[33,153198,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,153200,8227],{"class":156},[33,153202,133],{"class":47},[33,153204,17655],{"class":162},[33,153206,310],{"class":47},[33,153208,36003],{"class":162},[33,153210,133],{"class":47},[33,153212,80],{"class":79},[33,153214,22678],{"class":83},[33,153216,80],{"class":79},[33,153218,733],{"class":47},[33,153220,153221,153223],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,153222,27586],{"class":4046},[33,153224,6553],{"class":47},[33,153226,153227,153229,153231,153233,153236,153238],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,153228,8227],{"class":156},[33,153230,133],{"class":47},[33,153232,80],{"class":79},[33,153234,153235],{"class":83},"Value not found",[33,153237,80],{"class":79},[33,153239,143],{"class":47},[14,153241,207],{},[23,153243,153245],{"className":25,"code":153244,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Value not found\n",[30,153246,153247],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153248,153249,153252,153254],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153250,153251],{"class":39},"Value ",[33,153253,4796],{"class":43},[33,153255,65805],{"class":39},[14,153257,153258,153259,310],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[273,153260,65815],{"href":65814},[18,153262,1357,153263,2030,153265],{"id":65382},[30,153264,36228],{},[30,153266,52812],{},[14,153268,2155,153269,2030,153271,153273],{},[30,153270,36228],{},[30,153272,52812],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153275,153276],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153278,367],{},[23,153280,153282],{"className":25,"code":153281,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[30,153283,153284,153312,153316,153337,153361],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153287,1071],{"class":39},[33,153289,44],{"class":43},[33,153291,1381],{"class":47},[33,153293,1085],{"class":51},[33,153295,55],{"class":47},[33,153297,393],{"class":51},[33,153299,55],{"class":47},[33,153301,4770],{"class":51},[33,153303,55],{"class":47},[33,153305,7949],{"class":51},[33,153307,55],{"class":47},[33,153309,4770],{"class":51},[33,153311,143],{"class":47},[33,153313,153314],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153315,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,153317,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153319,157],{"class":156},[33,153321,133],{"class":47},[33,153323,1096],{"class":162},[33,153325,310],{"class":47},[33,153327,36003],{"class":162},[33,153329,133],{"class":47},[33,153331,1085],{"class":51},[33,153333,5522],{"class":47},[33,153335,153336],{"class":1308},"        # 0\n",[33,153338,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,153340,157],{"class":156},[33,153342,133],{"class":47},[33,153344,1096],{"class":162},[33,153346,310],{"class":47},[33,153348,36003],{"class":162},[33,153350,133],{"class":47},[33,153352,1085],{"class":51},[33,153354,55],{"class":47},[33,153356,1119],{"class":51},[33,153358,5522],{"class":47},[33,153360,51106],{"class":1308},[33,153362,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,153364,157],{"class":156},[33,153366,133],{"class":47},[33,153368,1096],{"class":162},[33,153370,310],{"class":47},[33,153372,36003],{"class":162},[33,153374,133],{"class":47},[33,153376,1085],{"class":51},[33,153378,55],{"class":47},[33,153380,63],{"class":51},[33,153382,55],{"class":47},[33,153384,4770],{"class":51},[33,153386,5522],{"class":47},[33,153388,51089],{"class":1308},[664,153390,153392],{"id":153391},"how-it-works","How it works",[316,153394,153395,153400,153405],{},[319,153396,153397,153399],{},[30,153398,36228],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[319,153401,153402,153404],{},[30,153403,52812],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[319,153406,2155,153407,153409],{},[30,153408,52812],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153411,367],{},[23,153413,153415],{"className":25,"code":153414,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[30,153416,153417,153445,153449],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153418,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153420,1071],{"class":39},[33,153422,44],{"class":43},[33,153424,1381],{"class":47},[33,153426,1085],{"class":51},[33,153428,55],{"class":47},[33,153430,393],{"class":51},[33,153432,55],{"class":47},[33,153434,4770],{"class":51},[33,153436,55],{"class":47},[33,153438,7949],{"class":51},[33,153440,55],{"class":47},[33,153442,4770],{"class":51},[33,153444,143],{"class":47},[33,153446,153447],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153448,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,153450,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153452,157],{"class":156},[33,153454,133],{"class":47},[33,153456,1096],{"class":162},[33,153458,310],{"class":47},[33,153460,36003],{"class":162},[33,153462,133],{"class":47},[33,153464,1085],{"class":51},[33,153466,55],{"class":47},[33,153468,1119],{"class":51},[33,153470,55],{"class":47},[33,153472,1132],{"class":51},[33,153474,733],{"class":47},[14,153476,207],{},[23,153478,153479],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,153480,153481],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153482,153483],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153484,17209],{"class":51},[14,153486,153487,153488,1931,153490,1938,153492,153494,153495,310],{},"Python searches positions ",[30,153489,52],{},[30,153491,2234],{},[30,153493,2240],{},", but not ",[30,153496,2679],{},[18,153498,153500],{"id":153499},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153502,153503,153504,3061],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[30,153505,149170],{},[316,153507,153508,153516,153521,153528],{},[319,153509,153510,153511,153513,153514],{},"Do not confuse the ",[205,153512,2647],{}," with the ",[205,153515,36003],{},[319,153517,153518,153519],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[30,153520,1114],{},[319,153522,672,153523,153527],{},[273,153524,149196,153525,887],{"href":149248},[30,153526,57434],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[319,153529,153530,153531,153533],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[30,153532,153060],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153535,153536],{},"Example of value vs index:",[23,153538,153540],{"className":25,"code":153539,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[30,153541,153542,153574,153578,153602],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153543,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153545,36392],{"class":39},[33,153547,44],{"class":43},[33,153549,1381],{"class":47},[33,153551,80],{"class":79},[33,153553,386],{"class":83},[33,153555,80],{"class":79},[33,153557,55],{"class":47},[33,153559,91],{"class":79},[33,153561,4255],{"class":83},[33,153563,80],{"class":79},[33,153565,55],{"class":47},[33,153567,91],{"class":79},[33,153569,33376],{"class":83},[33,153571,80],{"class":79},[33,153573,143],{"class":47},[33,153575,153576],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153577,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,153579,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153581,157],{"class":156},[33,153583,133],{"class":47},[33,153585,36444],{"class":162},[33,153587,310],{"class":47},[33,153589,36003],{"class":162},[33,153591,133],{"class":47},[33,153593,80],{"class":79},[33,153595,4255],{"class":83},[33,153597,80],{"class":79},[33,153599,5522],{"class":47},[33,153601,27932],{"class":1308},[33,153603,153604,153606,153608,153610,153612,153614,153616],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,153605,157],{"class":156},[33,153607,133],{"class":47},[33,153609,36444],{"class":162},[33,153611,217],{"class":47},[33,153613,52],{"class":51},[33,153615,20599],{"class":47},[33,153617,153618],{"class":1308},"               # banana\n",[14,153620,2356],{},[316,153622,153623,153627],{},[319,153624,153625,15399],{},[30,153626,65250],{},[319,153628,153629,153631],{},[30,153630,52],{}," is the index",[18,153633,3006],{"id":3005},[14,153635,106094,153636,3061],{},[30,153637,149170],{},[316,153639,153640,153643,153648,153653,153660],{},[319,153641,153642],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[319,153644,1487,153645,153647],{},[30,153646,59111],{}," to return all matching positions",[319,153649,153650,153651],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[30,153652,1114],{},[319,153654,153655,153656,2030,153658],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[30,153657,36228],{},[30,153659,52812],{},[319,153661,37358,153662,153664],{},[30,153663,149170],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[664,153666,1827],{"id":1826},[14,153668,94356],{},[23,153670,153672],{"className":25,"code":153671,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[30,153673,153674,153684,153698,153713,153731],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153675,153676,153678,153680,153682],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153677,157],{"class":156},[33,153679,133],{"class":47},[33,153681,147983],{"class":162},[33,153683,143],{"class":47},[33,153685,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153687,157],{"class":156},[33,153689,133],{"class":47},[33,153691,726],{"class":156},[33,153693,133],{"class":47},[33,153695,147983],{"class":162},[33,153697,733],{"class":47},[33,153699,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153711],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153701,157],{"class":156},[33,153703,133],{"class":47},[33,153705,2622],{"class":162},[33,153707,4053],{"class":4046},[33,153709,153710],{"class":162}," my_tuple",[33,153712,143],{"class":47},[33,153714,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,153716,157],{"class":156},[33,153718,133],{"class":47},[33,153720,147983],{"class":162},[33,153722,310],{"class":47},[33,153724,41413],{"class":162},[33,153726,133],{"class":47},[33,153728,2647],{"class":162},[33,153730,733],{"class":47},[33,153732,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,153734,157],{"class":156},[33,153736,133],{"class":47},[33,153738,147983],{"class":162},[33,153740,310],{"class":47},[33,153742,36003],{"class":162},[33,153744,133],{"class":47},[33,153746,2647],{"class":162},[33,153748,733],{"class":47},[14,153750,153751,153752,84373,153754,153756],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[30,153753,40857],{},[30,153755,2647],{}," is missing.",[14,153758,129600],{},[23,153760,153762],{"className":25,"code":153761,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[30,153763,153764,153776,153794,153800],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153765,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153767,7156],{"class":4046},[33,153769,21738],{"class":39},[33,153771,4053],{"class":43},[33,153773,153710],{"class":39},[33,153775,6553],{"class":47},[33,153777,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153779,8227],{"class":156},[33,153781,133],{"class":47},[33,153783,147983],{"class":162},[33,153785,310],{"class":47},[33,153787,36003],{"class":162},[33,153789,133],{"class":47},[33,153791,2647],{"class":162},[33,153793,733],{"class":47},[33,153795,153796,153798],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,153797,27586],{"class":4046},[33,153799,6553],{"class":47},[33,153801,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,153803,8227],{"class":156},[33,153805,133],{"class":47},[33,153807,80],{"class":79},[33,153809,153235],{"class":83},[33,153811,80],{"class":79},[33,153813,143],{"class":47},[18,153815,1961],{"id":1960},[664,153817,2007,153819,12869],{"id":153818},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[30,153820,149170],{},[14,153822,153823],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[664,153825,153827],{"id":153826},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153829,153830,152697],{},[30,153831,149170],{},[664,153833,149149],{"id":149148},[14,153835,76834,153836,310],{},[30,153837,40857],{},[664,153839,153841],{"id":153840},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153843,153844,153845,2030,153847,153849],{},"Yes. You can use ",[30,153846,36228],{},[30,153848,52812],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[664,153851,15057,153853,57349,153855,2033],{"id":153852},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[30,153854,149170],{},[30,153856,64841],{},[14,153858,153859],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[18,153861,2045],{"id":2044},[316,153863,153864,153870,153874,153879,153883],{},[319,153865,153866],{},[273,153867,149196,153868,887],{"href":149248},[30,153869,57434],{},[319,153871,153872],{},[273,153873,149638],{"href":153064},[319,153875,153876],{},[273,153877,153878],{"href":150944},"Creating a tuple in Python",[319,153880,153881],{},[273,153882,65815],{"href":65814},[319,153884,153885],{},[273,153886,150892],{"href":152702},[2097,153888,153889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334,"children":153896},[153897],{"id":17546,"depth":110,"text":17547},{"id":103355,"depth":69,"text":103356},{"id":153039,"depth":69,"text":153040},{"id":65605,"depth":69,"text":65606},{"id":65382,"depth":69,"text":66165,"children":153902},[153903],{"id":153391,"depth":110,"text":153392},{"id":153499,"depth":69,"text":153500},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006,"children":153906},[153907],{"id":1826,"depth":110,"text":1827},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":153909},[153910,153912,153913,153914,153915],{"id":153818,"depth":110,"text":153911},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153826,"depth":110,"text":153827},{"id":149148,"depth":110,"text":149149},{"id":153840,"depth":110,"text":153841},{"id":153852,"depth":110,"text":153916},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152504,"description":153918},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153925,"title":153926,"body":153927,"description":155322,"extension":2138,"meta":155323,"navigation":149,"path":153064,"seo":155324,"stem":155325,"__hash__":155326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153928,"toc":155304},[153929,153932,153935,153938,153952,153954,153957,154051,154061,154067,154071,154074,154077,154079,154097,154099,154170,154172,154189,154193,154197,154200,154217,154220,154235,154237,154328,154331,154335,154338,154355,154357,154452,154455,154458,154462,154465,154559,154561,154580,154583,154587,154590,154592,154647,154649,154684,154687,154701,154709,154802,154811,154815,154818,154825,154828,154875,154877,154885,154888,154939,154941,154958,154963,154967,154970,154973,154975,155026,155029,155084,155087,155090,155092,155095,155115,155117,155190,155193,155206,155208,155212,155217,155221,155226,155243,155247,155250,155267,155271,155274,155276,155301],[10,153930,153926],{"id":153931},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153933,153934],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153936,153937],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[316,153939,153940,153943,153946,153949],{},[319,153941,153942],{},"positive indexes",[319,153944,153945],{},"negative indexes",[319,153947,153948],{},"common indexing mistakes",[319,153950,153951],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[18,153953,21],{"id":20},[14,153955,153956],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[23,153958,153960],{"className":25,"code":153959,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[30,153961,153962,153994,153998,154015,154032],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,153963,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,153965,13229],{"class":39},[33,153967,44],{"class":43},[33,153969,1381],{"class":47},[33,153971,80],{"class":79},[33,153973,13246],{"class":83},[33,153975,80],{"class":79},[33,153977,55],{"class":47},[33,153979,91],{"class":79},[33,153981,17608],{"class":83},[33,153983,80],{"class":79},[33,153985,55],{"class":47},[33,153987,91],{"class":79},[33,153989,13263],{"class":83},[33,153991,80],{"class":79},[33,153993,143],{"class":47},[33,153995,153996],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,153997,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,153999,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154001,157],{"class":156},[33,154003,133],{"class":47},[33,154005,17655],{"class":162},[33,154007,217],{"class":47},[33,154009,1114],{"class":51},[33,154011,20599],{"class":47},[33,154013,154014],{"class":1308},"   # red\n",[33,154016,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154018,157],{"class":156},[33,154020,133],{"class":47},[33,154022,17655],{"class":162},[33,154024,217],{"class":47},[33,154026,52],{"class":51},[33,154028,20599],{"class":47},[33,154030,154031],{"class":1308},"   # green\n",[33,154033,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154035,157],{"class":156},[33,154037,133],{"class":47},[33,154039,17655],{"class":162},[33,154041,217],{"class":47},[33,154043,2199],{"class":43},[33,154045,52],{"class":51},[33,154047,20599],{"class":47},[33,154049,154050],{"class":1308},"  # blue\n",[316,154052,154053,154058],{},[319,154054,132389,154055,154057],{},[30,154056,1114],{}," is the first item.",[319,154059,154060],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154062,154063,154064,310],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[273,154065,154066],{"href":147968},"how to create a tuple in Python",[18,154068,154070],{"id":154069},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154072,154073],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154075,154076],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154078,11610],{},[316,154080,154081,154084,154091,154094],{},[319,154082,154083],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[319,154085,154086,154087,19116,154089],{},"Python starts counting at ",[30,154088,1114],{},[30,154090,52],{},[319,154092,154093],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[319,154095,154096],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154098,367],{},[23,154100,154102],{"className":25,"code":154101,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[30,154103,154104,154124,154128,154142,154156],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154105,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154107,40],{"class":39},[33,154109,44],{"class":43},[33,154111,1381],{"class":47},[33,154113,538],{"class":51},[33,154115,55],{"class":47},[33,154117,7949],{"class":51},[33,154119,55],{"class":47},[33,154121,7954],{"class":51},[33,154123,143],{"class":47},[33,154125,154126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154127,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154129,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154131,157],{"class":156},[33,154133,133],{"class":47},[33,154135,163],{"class":162},[33,154137,217],{"class":47},[33,154139,1114],{"class":51},[33,154141,4059],{"class":47},[33,154143,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154145,157],{"class":156},[33,154147,133],{"class":47},[33,154149,163],{"class":162},[33,154151,217],{"class":47},[33,154153,52],{"class":51},[33,154155,4059],{"class":47},[33,154157,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154159,157],{"class":156},[33,154161,133],{"class":47},[33,154163,163],{"class":162},[33,154165,217],{"class":47},[33,154167,2234],{"class":51},[33,154169,4059],{"class":47},[14,154171,207],{},[23,154173,154175],{"className":25,"code":154174,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10\n20\n30\n",[30,154176,154177,154181,154185],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154178,154179],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154180,2551],{"class":51},[33,154182,154183],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154184,71200],{"class":51},[33,154186,154187],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154188,69816],{"class":51},[14,154190,448,154191,310],{},[273,154192,147965],{"href":147964},[18,154194,154196],{"id":154195},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154198,154199],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[316,154201,154202,154207,154212],{},[319,154203,154204,154206],{},[30,154205,1114],{}," = first item",[319,154208,154209,154211],{},[30,154210,52],{}," = second item",[319,154213,154214,154216],{},[30,154215,2234],{}," = third item",[14,154218,154219],{},"Pattern:",[23,154221,154223],{"className":25,"code":154222,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple_name[index]\n",[30,154224,154225],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154226,154227,154229,154231,154233],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154228,152720],{"class":39},[33,154230,217],{"class":47},[33,154232,36003],{"class":39},[33,154234,66],{"class":47},[14,154236,367],{},[23,154238,154240],{"className":25,"code":154239,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[30,154241,154242,154274,154278,154295,154311],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154243,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154245,36392],{"class":39},[33,154247,44],{"class":43},[33,154249,1381],{"class":47},[33,154251,80],{"class":79},[33,154253,386],{"class":83},[33,154255,80],{"class":79},[33,154257,55],{"class":47},[33,154259,91],{"class":79},[33,154261,4255],{"class":83},[33,154263,80],{"class":79},[33,154265,55],{"class":47},[33,154267,91],{"class":79},[33,154269,4264],{"class":83},[33,154271,80],{"class":79},[33,154273,143],{"class":47},[33,154275,154276],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154277,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154279,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154281,157],{"class":156},[33,154283,133],{"class":47},[33,154285,36444],{"class":162},[33,154287,217],{"class":47},[33,154289,1114],{"class":51},[33,154291,20599],{"class":47},[33,154293,154294],{"class":1308},"  # apple\n",[33,154296,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154298,157],{"class":156},[33,154300,133],{"class":47},[33,154302,36444],{"class":162},[33,154304,217],{"class":47},[33,154306,52],{"class":51},[33,154308,20599],{"class":47},[33,154310,51639],{"class":1308},[33,154312,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154314,157],{"class":156},[33,154316,133],{"class":47},[33,154318,36444],{"class":162},[33,154320,217],{"class":47},[33,154322,2234],{"class":51},[33,154324,20599],{"class":47},[33,154326,154327],{"class":1308},"  # cherry\n",[14,154329,154330],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[18,154332,154334],{"id":154333},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154336,154337],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[316,154339,154340,154345,154350],{},[319,154341,154342,154344],{},[30,154343,65830],{}," = last item",[319,154346,154347,154349],{},[30,154348,95386],{}," = second-to-last item",[319,154351,154352,154354],{},[30,154353,47824],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154356,367],{},[23,154358,154360],{"className":25,"code":154359,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[30,154361,154362,154394,154398,154416,154434],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154363,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154365,36392],{"class":39},[33,154367,44],{"class":43},[33,154369,1381],{"class":47},[33,154371,80],{"class":79},[33,154373,386],{"class":83},[33,154375,80],{"class":79},[33,154377,55],{"class":47},[33,154379,91],{"class":79},[33,154381,4255],{"class":83},[33,154383,80],{"class":79},[33,154385,55],{"class":47},[33,154387,91],{"class":79},[33,154389,4264],{"class":83},[33,154391,80],{"class":79},[33,154393,143],{"class":47},[33,154395,154396],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154397,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154401,157],{"class":156},[33,154403,133],{"class":47},[33,154405,36444],{"class":162},[33,154407,217],{"class":47},[33,154409,2199],{"class":43},[33,154411,52],{"class":51},[33,154413,20599],{"class":47},[33,154415,154327],{"class":1308},[33,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154419,157],{"class":156},[33,154421,133],{"class":47},[33,154423,36444],{"class":162},[33,154425,217],{"class":47},[33,154427,2199],{"class":43},[33,154429,2234],{"class":51},[33,154431,20599],{"class":47},[33,154433,51639],{"class":1308},[33,154435,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154437,157],{"class":156},[33,154439,133],{"class":47},[33,154441,36444],{"class":162},[33,154443,217],{"class":47},[33,154445,2199],{"class":43},[33,154447,2240],{"class":51},[33,154449,20599],{"class":47},[33,154451,154294],{"class":1308},[14,154453,154454],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154456,154457],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[18,154459,154461],{"id":154460},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154463,154464],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[23,154466,154468],{"className":25,"code":154467,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[30,154469,154470,154502,154506,154523,154540],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154471,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154473,72],{"class":39},[33,154475,44],{"class":43},[33,154477,1381],{"class":47},[33,154479,80],{"class":79},[33,154481,84],{"class":83},[33,154483,80],{"class":79},[33,154485,55],{"class":47},[33,154487,91],{"class":79},[33,154489,94],{"class":83},[33,154491,80],{"class":79},[33,154493,55],{"class":47},[33,154495,91],{"class":79},[33,154497,103],{"class":83},[33,154499,80],{"class":79},[33,154501,143],{"class":47},[33,154503,154504],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154505,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154507,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154509,157],{"class":156},[33,154511,133],{"class":47},[33,154513,175],{"class":162},[33,154515,217],{"class":47},[33,154517,1114],{"class":51},[33,154519,20599],{"class":47},[33,154521,154522],{"class":1308},"   # first item\n",[33,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154526,157],{"class":156},[33,154528,133],{"class":47},[33,154530,175],{"class":162},[33,154532,217],{"class":47},[33,154534,52],{"class":51},[33,154536,20599],{"class":47},[33,154538,154539],{"class":1308},"   # middle item\n",[33,154541,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154543,157],{"class":156},[33,154545,133],{"class":47},[33,154547,175],{"class":162},[33,154549,217],{"class":47},[33,154551,2199],{"class":43},[33,154553,52],{"class":51},[33,154555,20599],{"class":47},[33,154557,154558],{"class":1308},"  # last item\n",[14,154560,207],{},[23,154562,154564],{"className":25,"code":154563,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[30,154565,154566,154570,154575],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154567,154568],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154569,50193],{"class":39},[33,154571,154572],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154573,154574],{"class":39},"Ben\n",[33,154576,154577],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154578,154579],{"class":39},"Cara\n",[14,154581,154582],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[18,154584,154586],{"id":154585},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154588,154589],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154591,367],{},[23,154593,154595],{"className":25,"code":154594,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[30,154596,154597,154629,154633],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154598,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154600,124],{"class":39},[33,154602,44],{"class":43},[33,154604,1381],{"class":47},[33,154606,80],{"class":79},[33,154608,273],{"class":83},[33,154610,80],{"class":79},[33,154612,55],{"class":47},[33,154614,91],{"class":79},[33,154616,282],{"class":83},[33,154618,80],{"class":79},[33,154620,55],{"class":47},[33,154622,91],{"class":79},[33,154624,291],{"class":83},[33,154626,80],{"class":79},[33,154628,143],{"class":47},[33,154630,154631],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154632,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154634,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154636,157],{"class":156},[33,154638,133],{"class":47},[33,154640,199],{"class":162},[33,154642,217],{"class":47},[33,154644,1085],{"class":51},[33,154646,4059],{"class":47},[14,154648,207],{},[23,154650,154652],{"className":25,"code":154651,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[30,154653,154654,154666,154671],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154655,154656,154659,154661,154664],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154657,154658],{"class":162},"Traceback ",[33,154660,133],{"class":47},[33,154662,154663],{"class":162},"most recent call last",[33,154665,8498],{"class":47},[33,154667,154668],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154669,154670],{"class":34609},"  ...\n",[33,154672,154673,154675,154677,154679,154682],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154674,70707],{"class":129},[33,154676,3061],{"class":47},[33,154678,149331],{"class":129},[33,154680,154681],{"class":39}," index out of ",[33,154683,70899],{"class":156},[14,154685,154686],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[316,154688,154689,154693,154697],{},[319,154690,154691],{},[30,154692,1114],{},[319,154694,154695],{},[30,154696,52],{},[319,154698,154699],{},[30,154700,2234],{},[14,154702,154703,154704,310],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[273,154705,154706,154708],{"href":149203},[30,154707,42514],{}," on a tuple",[23,154710,154712],{"className":25,"code":154711,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[30,154713,154714,154746,154750,154766,154770,154788],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154715,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154717,124],{"class":39},[33,154719,44],{"class":43},[33,154721,1381],{"class":47},[33,154723,80],{"class":79},[33,154725,273],{"class":83},[33,154727,80],{"class":79},[33,154729,55],{"class":47},[33,154731,91],{"class":79},[33,154733,282],{"class":83},[33,154735,80],{"class":79},[33,154737,55],{"class":47},[33,154739,91],{"class":79},[33,154741,291],{"class":83},[33,154743,80],{"class":79},[33,154745,143],{"class":47},[33,154747,154748],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154749,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154751,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154753,157],{"class":156},[33,154755,133],{"class":47},[33,154757,726],{"class":156},[33,154759,133],{"class":47},[33,154761,199],{"class":162},[33,154763,5522],{"class":47},[33,154765,50924],{"class":1308},[33,154767,154768],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,154769,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154771,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,154773,7156],{"class":4046},[33,154775,38540],{"class":156},[33,154777,133],{"class":47},[33,154779,199],{"class":162},[33,154781,3831],{"class":47},[33,154783,38550],{"class":43},[33,154785,58],{"class":51},[33,154787,6553],{"class":47},[33,154789,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,154791,8227],{"class":156},[33,154793,133],{"class":47},[33,154795,199],{"class":162},[33,154797,217],{"class":47},[33,154799,2234],{"class":51},[33,154801,4059],{"class":47},[14,154803,154804,154805,310],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[273,154806,25833,154808],{"href":154807},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[30,154809,154810],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[18,154812,154814],{"id":154813},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154816,154817],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[316,154819,154820,154822],{},[319,154821,76851],{},[319,154823,154824],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154826,154827],{},"Indexing example:",[23,154829,154831],{"className":25,"code":154830,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[30,154832,154833,154857,154861],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154834,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154836,40],{"class":39},[33,154838,44],{"class":43},[33,154840,1381],{"class":47},[33,154842,538],{"class":51},[33,154844,55],{"class":47},[33,154846,7949],{"class":51},[33,154848,55],{"class":47},[33,154850,7954],{"class":51},[33,154852,55],{"class":47},[33,154854,50997],{"class":51},[33,154856,143],{"class":47},[33,154858,154859],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154860,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154862,154863,154865,154867,154869,154871,154873],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154864,157],{"class":156},[33,154866,133],{"class":47},[33,154868,163],{"class":162},[33,154870,217],{"class":47},[33,154872,52],{"class":51},[33,154874,4059],{"class":47},[14,154876,207],{},[23,154878,154879],{"className":25,"code":71200,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,154880,154881],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154882,154883],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154884,71200],{"class":51},[14,154886,154887],{},"Slicing example:",[23,154889,154891],{"className":25,"code":154890,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[30,154892,154893,154917,154921],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154894,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154896,40],{"class":39},[33,154898,44],{"class":43},[33,154900,1381],{"class":47},[33,154902,538],{"class":51},[33,154904,55],{"class":47},[33,154906,7949],{"class":51},[33,154908,55],{"class":47},[33,154910,7954],{"class":51},[33,154912,55],{"class":47},[33,154914,50997],{"class":51},[33,154916,143],{"class":47},[33,154918,154919],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,154920,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,154922,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,154924,157],{"class":156},[33,154926,133],{"class":47},[33,154928,163],{"class":162},[33,154930,217],{"class":47},[33,154932,52],{"class":51},[33,154934,3061],{"class":47},[33,154936,2240],{"class":51},[33,154938,4059],{"class":47},[14,154940,207],{},[23,154942,154944],{"className":25,"code":154943,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20, 30)\n",[30,154945,154946],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154947,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154949,133],{"class":47},[33,154951,15906],{"class":51},[33,154953,55],{"class":47},[33,154955,7954],{"class":51},[33,154957,143],{"class":47},[14,154959,154960,154961,310],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[273,154962,150882],{"href":150881},[18,154964,154966],{"id":154965},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154968,154969],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154971,154972],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154974,6846],{},[23,154976,154978],{"className":25,"code":154977,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[30,154979,154980,155012],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,154981,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,154983,13229],{"class":39},[33,154985,44],{"class":43},[33,154987,1381],{"class":47},[33,154989,80],{"class":79},[33,154991,13246],{"class":83},[33,154993,80],{"class":79},[33,154995,55],{"class":47},[33,154997,91],{"class":79},[33,154999,17608],{"class":83},[33,155001,80],{"class":79},[33,155003,55],{"class":47},[33,155005,91],{"class":79},[33,155007,13263],{"class":83},[33,155009,80],{"class":79},[33,155011,143],{"class":47},[33,155013,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155015,157],{"class":156},[33,155017,133],{"class":47},[33,155019,17655],{"class":162},[33,155021,217],{"class":47},[33,155023,52],{"class":51},[33,155025,4059],{"class":47},[14,155027,155028],{},"But this does not work:",[23,155030,155032],{"className":25,"code":155031,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[30,155033,155034,155066],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155035,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155037,13229],{"class":39},[33,155039,44],{"class":43},[33,155041,1381],{"class":47},[33,155043,80],{"class":79},[33,155045,13246],{"class":83},[33,155047,80],{"class":79},[33,155049,55],{"class":47},[33,155051,91],{"class":79},[33,155053,17608],{"class":83},[33,155055,80],{"class":79},[33,155057,55],{"class":47},[33,155059,91],{"class":79},[33,155061,13263],{"class":83},[33,155063,80],{"class":79},[33,155065,143],{"class":47},[33,155067,155068,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155069,17655],{"class":39},[33,155071,217],{"class":47},[33,155073,52],{"class":51},[33,155075,13427],{"class":47},[33,155077,13430],{"class":43},[33,155079,91],{"class":79},[33,155081,22678],{"class":83},[33,155083,3532],{"class":79},[14,155085,155086],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155088,155089],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[18,155091,3006],{"id":3005},[14,155093,155094],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[316,155096,155097,155103,155106,155109],{},[319,155098,132693,155099,1361,155101],{},[30,155100,52],{},[30,155102,1114],{},[319,155104,155105],{},"Using an index that is too large",[319,155107,155108],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[319,155110,155111,155112],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[30,155113,155114],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155116,62270],{},[23,155118,155120],{"className":25,"code":155119,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[30,155121,155122,155132,155146,155160,155176],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155123,155124,155126,155128,155130],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155125,157],{"class":156},[33,155127,133],{"class":47},[33,155129,147983],{"class":162},[33,155131,143],{"class":47},[33,155133,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155135,157],{"class":156},[33,155137,133],{"class":47},[33,155139,726],{"class":156},[33,155141,133],{"class":47},[33,155143,147983],{"class":162},[33,155145,733],{"class":47},[33,155147,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,155149,157],{"class":156},[33,155151,133],{"class":47},[33,155153,147983],{"class":162},[33,155155,217],{"class":47},[33,155157,1114],{"class":51},[33,155159,4059],{"class":47},[33,155161,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,155163,157],{"class":156},[33,155165,133],{"class":47},[33,155167,147983],{"class":162},[33,155169,217],{"class":47},[33,155171,2199],{"class":43},[33,155173,52],{"class":51},[33,155175,4059],{"class":47},[33,155177,155178,155180,155182,155184,155186,155188],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,155179,157],{"class":156},[33,155181,133],{"class":47},[33,155183,1406],{"class":129},[33,155185,133],{"class":47},[33,155187,147983],{"class":162},[33,155189,733],{"class":47},[14,155191,155192],{},"These can help you confirm:",[316,155194,155195,155198,155200,155203],{},[319,155196,155197],{},"what the tuple contains",[319,155199,1904],{},[319,155201,155202],{},"what the first and last items are",[319,155204,155205],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[18,155207,1961],{"id":1960},[664,155209,155211],{"id":155210},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155213,155214,155215,310],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[30,155216,1114],{},[664,155218,155220],{"id":155219},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155222,672,155223,155225],{},[30,155224,65830],{}," as the index:",[23,155227,155229],{"className":25,"code":155228,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[30,155230,155231],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155232,155233,155235,155237,155239,155241],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155234,147983],{"class":39},[33,155236,217],{"class":47},[33,155238,2199],{"class":43},[33,155240,52],{"class":51},[33,155242,66],{"class":47},[664,155244,155246],{"id":155245},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155248,155249],{},"Python raises:",[23,155251,155253],{"className":25,"code":155252,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[30,155254,155255],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155256,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155258,70707],{"class":129},[33,155260,3061],{"class":47},[33,155262,149331],{"class":129},[33,155264,154681],{"class":39},[33,155266,70899],{"class":156},[664,155268,155270],{"id":155269},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155272,155273],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[18,155275,2045],{"id":2044},[316,155277,155278,155283,155287,155291,155297],{},[319,155279,155280],{},[273,155281,155282],{"href":147968},"How to create a tuple in Python",[319,155284,155285],{},[273,155286,150882],{"href":150881},[319,155288,155289],{},[273,155290,150887],{"href":149203},[319,155292,155293],{},[273,155294,26274,155295],{"href":154807},[30,155296,154810],{},[319,155298,155299],{},[273,155300,147965],{"href":147964},[2097,155302,155303],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":155305},[155306,155307,155308,155309,155310,155311,155312,155313,155314,155315,155321],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":154069,"depth":69,"text":154070},{"id":154195,"depth":69,"text":154196},{"id":154333,"depth":69,"text":154334},{"id":154460,"depth":69,"text":154461},{"id":154585,"depth":69,"text":154586},{"id":154813,"depth":69,"text":154814},{"id":154965,"depth":69,"text":154966},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":155316},[155317,155318,155319,155320],{"id":155210,"depth":110,"text":155211},{"id":155219,"depth":110,"text":155220},{"id":155245,"depth":110,"text":155246},{"id":155269,"depth":110,"text":155270},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153926,"description":155322},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155328,"title":155329,"body":155330,"description":157219,"extension":2138,"meta":157220,"navigation":149,"path":157221,"seo":157222,"stem":157223,"__hash__":157224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155331,"toc":157176},[155332,155338,155343,155394,155398,155406,155412,155414,155430,155432,155435,155450,155452,155465,155467,155524,155528,155536,155543,155549,155555,155559,155610,155614,155622,155626,155655,155659,155667,155671,155704,155708,155716,155720,155723,155774,155778,155786,155788,155805,155809,155813,155872,155876,155884,155887,155914,155918,155926,155930,155936,156011,156015,156052,156060,156064,156127,156131,156139,156144,156148,156154,156197,156201,156209,156215,156218,156265,156269,156277,156286,156292,156347,156351,156359,156362,156366,156368,156399,156403,156422,156425,156470,156474,156497,156503,156508,156510,156557,156562,156565,156613,156617,156625,156629,156634,156638,156688,156692,156707,156711,156769,156773,156788,156792,156863,156867,156876,156880,156959,156963,156985,156993,156995,156998,157023,157025,157078,157080,157097,157099,157103,157109,157114,157119,157123,157128,157132,157137,157143,157146,157148,157173],[10,155333,155335,155336,3831],{"id":155334},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[30,155337,726],{},[14,155339,672,155340,155342],{},[30,155341,42514],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[23,155344,155346],{"className":25,"code":155345,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[30,155347,155348,155380],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155349,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155351,13229],{"class":39},[33,155353,44],{"class":43},[33,155355,1381],{"class":47},[33,155357,80],{"class":79},[33,155359,13246],{"class":83},[33,155361,80],{"class":79},[33,155363,55],{"class":47},[33,155365,91],{"class":79},[33,155367,17608],{"class":83},[33,155369,80],{"class":79},[33,155371,55],{"class":47},[33,155373,91],{"class":79},[33,155375,13263],{"class":83},[33,155377,80],{"class":79},[33,155379,143],{"class":47},[33,155381,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390,155392],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155383,157],{"class":156},[33,155385,133],{"class":47},[33,155387,726],{"class":156},[33,155389,133],{"class":47},[33,155391,17655],{"class":162},[33,155393,733],{"class":47},[14,155395,155396],{},[205,155397,207],{},[23,155399,155400],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155401,155402],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155403,155404],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155405,46771],{"class":51},[14,155407,672,155408,155411],{},[30,155409,155410],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[18,155413,314],{"id":313},[316,155415,155416,155421,155425,155428],{},[319,155417,4365,155418,155420],{},[30,155419,42514],{}," works with tuples",[319,155422,68234,155423,11858],{},[30,155424,42514],{},[319,155426,155427],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[319,155429,1288],{},[18,155431,2334],{"id":2333},[14,155433,155434],{},"Use this pattern:",[23,155436,155438],{"className":25,"code":155437,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"len(my_tuple)\n",[30,155439,155440],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155441,155442,155444,155446,155448],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155443,726],{"class":156},[33,155445,133],{"class":47},[33,155447,147983],{"class":162},[33,155449,143],{"class":47},[14,155451,11610],{},[316,155453,155454,155457,155460],{},[319,155455,155456],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[319,155458,155459],{},"The result is an integer",[319,155461,155462,155464],{},[30,155463,42514],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155466,367],{},[23,155468,155470],{"className":25,"code":155469,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[30,155471,155472,155496,155510,155514],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155473,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155475,40],{"class":39},[33,155477,44],{"class":43},[33,155479,1381],{"class":47},[33,155481,538],{"class":51},[33,155483,55],{"class":47},[33,155485,7949],{"class":51},[33,155487,55],{"class":47},[33,155489,7954],{"class":51},[33,155491,55],{"class":47},[33,155493,50997],{"class":51},[33,155495,143],{"class":47},[33,155497,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155499,41395],{"class":39},[33,155501,44],{"class":43},[33,155503,38540],{"class":156},[33,155505,133],{"class":47},[33,155507,163],{"class":162},[33,155509,143],{"class":47},[33,155511,155512],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,155513,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,155515,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,155517,157],{"class":156},[33,155519,133],{"class":47},[33,155521,41413],{"class":162},[33,155523,143],{"class":47},[14,155525,155526],{},[205,155527,207],{},[23,155529,155530],{"className":25,"code":48804,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155531,155532],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155533,155534],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155535,48804],{"class":51},[14,155537,155538,155539,310],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[273,155540,2076,155541,3683],{"href":42511},[30,155542,42514],{},[18,155544,3848,155546,155548],{"id":155545},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[30,155547,42514],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155550,155551,155552,155554],{},"For a tuple, ",[30,155553,42514],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[664,155556,155558],{"id":155557},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[23,155560,155562],{"className":25,"code":155561,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[30,155563,155564,155596],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155565,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155567,36392],{"class":39},[33,155569,44],{"class":43},[33,155571,1381],{"class":47},[33,155573,80],{"class":79},[33,155575,386],{"class":83},[33,155577,80],{"class":79},[33,155579,55],{"class":47},[33,155581,91],{"class":79},[33,155583,4255],{"class":83},[33,155585,80],{"class":79},[33,155587,55],{"class":47},[33,155589,91],{"class":79},[33,155591,33376],{"class":83},[33,155593,80],{"class":79},[33,155595,143],{"class":47},[33,155597,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155599,157],{"class":156},[33,155601,133],{"class":47},[33,155603,726],{"class":156},[33,155605,133],{"class":47},[33,155607,36444],{"class":162},[33,155609,733],{"class":47},[14,155611,155612],{},[205,155613,207],{},[23,155615,155616],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155617,155618],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155619,155620],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155621,46771],{"class":51},[664,155623,155625],{"id":155624},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[23,155627,155629],{"className":25,"code":155628,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[30,155630,155631,155640],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155632,155633,155636,155638],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155634,155635],{"class":39},"empty_tuple ",[33,155637,44],{"class":43},[33,155639,149307],{"class":47},[33,155641,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155653],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155643,157],{"class":156},[33,155645,133],{"class":47},[33,155647,726],{"class":156},[33,155649,133],{"class":47},[33,155651,155652],{"class":162},"empty_tuple",[33,155654,733],{"class":47},[14,155656,155657],{},[205,155658,207],{},[23,155660,155661],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155662,155663],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155664,155665],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155666,751],{"class":51},[664,155668,155670],{"id":155669},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[23,155672,155674],{"className":25,"code":155673,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[30,155675,155676,155689],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155677,155678,155681,155683,155685,155687],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155679,155680],{"class":39},"single_value ",[33,155682,44],{"class":43},[33,155684,1381],{"class":47},[33,155686,1085],{"class":51},[33,155688,149321],{"class":47},[33,155690,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155702],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155692,157],{"class":156},[33,155694,133],{"class":47},[33,155696,726],{"class":156},[33,155698,133],{"class":47},[33,155700,155701],{"class":162},"single_value",[33,155703,733],{"class":47},[14,155705,155706],{},[205,155707,207],{},[23,155709,155710],{"className":25,"code":47071,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155711,155712],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155713,155714],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155715,47071],{"class":51},[664,155717,155719],{"id":155718},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155721,155722],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[23,155724,155726],{"className":25,"code":155725,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[30,155727,155728,155760],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155729,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155731,1181],{"class":39},[33,155733,44],{"class":43},[33,155735,1381],{"class":47},[33,155737,52],{"class":51},[33,155739,55],{"class":47},[33,155741,1381],{"class":47},[33,155743,2234],{"class":51},[33,155745,55],{"class":47},[33,155747,63],{"class":51},[33,155749,9388],{"class":47},[33,155751,48],{"class":47},[33,155753,2679],{"class":51},[33,155755,55],{"class":47},[33,155757,4770],{"class":51},[33,155759,4059],{"class":47},[33,155761,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155763,157],{"class":156},[33,155765,133],{"class":47},[33,155767,726],{"class":156},[33,155769,133],{"class":47},[33,155771,1230],{"class":162},[33,155773,733],{"class":47},[14,155775,155776],{},[205,155777,207],{},[23,155779,155780],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155781,155782],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155783,155784],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155785,46771],{"class":51},[14,155787,20110],{},[316,155789,155790,155795,155800],{},[319,155791,155792,155794],{},[30,155793,52],{}," is one item",[319,155796,155797,155794],{},[30,155798,155799],{},"(2, 3)",[319,155801,155802,155794],{},[30,155803,155804],{},"[4, 5]",[18,155806,155808],{"id":155807},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[664,155810,155812],{"id":155811},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[23,155814,155816],{"className":25,"code":155815,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[30,155817,155818,155858],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155819,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155821,13229],{"class":39},[33,155823,44],{"class":43},[33,155825,1381],{"class":47},[33,155827,80],{"class":79},[33,155829,13246],{"class":83},[33,155831,80],{"class":79},[33,155833,55],{"class":47},[33,155835,91],{"class":79},[33,155837,17608],{"class":83},[33,155839,80],{"class":79},[33,155841,55],{"class":47},[33,155843,91],{"class":79},[33,155845,13263],{"class":83},[33,155847,80],{"class":79},[33,155849,55],{"class":47},[33,155851,91],{"class":79},[33,155853,22678],{"class":83},[33,155855,80],{"class":79},[33,155857,143],{"class":47},[33,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155861,157],{"class":156},[33,155863,133],{"class":47},[33,155865,726],{"class":156},[33,155867,133],{"class":47},[33,155869,17655],{"class":162},[33,155871,733],{"class":47},[14,155873,155874],{},[205,155875,207],{},[23,155877,155878],{"className":25,"code":48804,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155879,155880],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155881,155882],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155883,48804],{"class":51},[664,155885,155625],{"id":155886},"empty-tuple-1",[23,155888,155890],{"className":25,"code":155889,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[30,155891,155892,155900],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155893,155894,155896,155898],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155895,377],{"class":39},[33,155897,44],{"class":43},[33,155899,149307],{"class":47},[33,155901,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155903,157],{"class":156},[33,155905,133],{"class":47},[33,155907,726],{"class":156},[33,155909,133],{"class":47},[33,155911,414],{"class":162},[33,155913,733],{"class":47},[14,155915,155916],{},[205,155917,207],{},[23,155919,155920],{"className":25,"code":751,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,155921,155922],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155923,155924],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155925,751],{"class":51},[664,155927,155929],{"id":155928},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155931,155932,155933,155935],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[205,155934,4796],{}," always a tuple.",[23,155937,155939],{"className":25,"code":155938,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[30,155940,155941,155953,155965,155969,155983,155997],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,155944,2729],{"class":39},[33,155946,44],{"class":43},[33,155948,1381],{"class":47},[33,155950,1085],{"class":51},[33,155952,143],{"class":47},[33,155954,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,155956,2757],{"class":39},[33,155958,44],{"class":43},[33,155960,1381],{"class":47},[33,155962,1085],{"class":51},[33,155964,149321],{"class":47},[33,155966,155967],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,155968,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,155970,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,155972,157],{"class":156},[33,155974,133],{"class":47},[33,155976,1406],{"class":129},[33,155978,133],{"class":47},[33,155980,273],{"class":162},[33,155982,733],{"class":47},[33,155984,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,155986,157],{"class":156},[33,155988,133],{"class":47},[33,155990,1406],{"class":129},[33,155992,133],{"class":47},[33,155994,282],{"class":162},[33,155996,733],{"class":47},[33,155998,155999,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,156000,157],{"class":156},[33,156002,133],{"class":47},[33,156004,726],{"class":156},[33,156006,133],{"class":47},[33,156008,282],{"class":162},[33,156010,733],{"class":47},[14,156012,156013],{},[205,156014,207],{},[23,156016,156018],{"className":25,"code":156017,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[30,156019,156020,156034,156048],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156021,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030,156032],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156023,1427],{"class":43},[33,156025,1431],{"class":1430},[33,156027,245],{"class":79},[33,156029,2366],{"class":83},[33,156031,236],{"class":79},[33,156033,1441],{"class":43},[33,156035,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156037,1427],{"class":43},[33,156039,1431],{"class":1430},[33,156041,245],{"class":79},[33,156043,1436],{"class":83},[33,156045,236],{"class":79},[33,156047,1441],{"class":43},[33,156049,156050],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156051,47071],{"class":51},[14,156053,156054,156055,2030,156058,310],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[273,156056,156057],{"href":147968},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[273,156059,149269],{"href":149268},[664,156061,156063],{"id":156062},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[23,156065,156067],{"className":25,"code":156066,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[30,156068,156069,156113],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156070,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156072,531],{"class":39},[33,156074,44],{"class":43},[33,156076,1381],{"class":47},[33,156078,80],{"class":79},[33,156080,386],{"class":83},[33,156082,80],{"class":79},[33,156084,55],{"class":47},[33,156086,48],{"class":47},[33,156088,52],{"class":51},[33,156090,55],{"class":47},[33,156092,58],{"class":51},[33,156094,18215],{"class":47},[33,156096,1381],{"class":47},[33,156098,80],{"class":79},[33,156100,2351],{"class":83},[33,156102,80],{"class":79},[33,156104,55],{"class":47},[33,156106,91],{"class":79},[33,156108,11898],{"class":83},[33,156110,80],{"class":79},[33,156112,733],{"class":47},[33,156114,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156116,157],{"class":156},[33,156118,133],{"class":47},[33,156120,726],{"class":156},[33,156122,133],{"class":47},[33,156124,587],{"class":162},[33,156126,733],{"class":47},[14,156128,156129],{},[205,156130,207],{},[23,156132,156133],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156134,156135],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156136,156137],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156138,46771],{"class":51},[14,156140,156141,156143],{},[30,156142,42514],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[18,156145,156147],{"id":156146},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[664,156149,156151,156153],{"id":156150},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[30,156152,42514],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[23,156155,156157],{"className":25,"code":156156,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[30,156158,156159,156183],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156160,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156162,1655],{"class":39},[33,156164,44],{"class":43},[33,156166,1381],{"class":47},[33,156168,80],{"class":79},[33,156170,63571],{"class":83},[33,156172,80],{"class":79},[33,156174,55],{"class":47},[33,156176,91],{"class":79},[33,156178,27],{"class":83},[33,156180,80],{"class":79},[33,156182,143],{"class":47},[33,156184,156185,156187,156189,156191,156193,156195],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156186,157],{"class":156},[33,156188,133],{"class":47},[33,156190,726],{"class":156},[33,156192,133],{"class":47},[33,156194,1680],{"class":162},[33,156196,733],{"class":47},[14,156198,156199],{},[205,156200,207],{},[23,156202,156203],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156204,156205],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156206,156207],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156208,17209],{"class":51},[14,156210,156211,156212,156214],{},"This result is ",[30,156213,2234],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156216,156217],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[23,156219,156221],{"className":25,"code":156220,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[30,156222,156223,156247],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156224,156225,156227,156229,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156226,1655],{"class":39},[33,156228,44],{"class":43},[33,156230,1381],{"class":47},[33,156232,80],{"class":79},[33,156234,63571],{"class":83},[33,156236,80],{"class":79},[33,156238,55],{"class":47},[33,156240,91],{"class":79},[33,156242,27],{"class":83},[33,156244,80],{"class":79},[33,156246,143],{"class":47},[33,156248,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156250,157],{"class":156},[33,156252,133],{"class":47},[33,156254,726],{"class":156},[33,156256,133],{"class":47},[33,156258,1680],{"class":162},[33,156260,217],{"class":47},[33,156262,1114],{"class":51},[33,156264,3175],{"class":47},[14,156266,156267],{},[205,156268,207],{},[23,156270,156271],{"className":25,"code":17209,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156272,156273],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156274,156275],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156276,17209],{"class":51},[14,156278,20924,156279,156282,156283,310],{},[30,156280,156281],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[30,156284,156285],{},"\"hi\"",[664,156287,156289,156291],{"id":156288},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[30,156290,42514],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[23,156293,156295],{"className":25,"code":156294,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[30,156296,156297,156333],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156298,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156300,1071],{"class":39},[33,156302,44],{"class":43},[33,156304,10148],{"class":47},[33,156306,52],{"class":51},[33,156308,55],{"class":47},[33,156310,58],{"class":51},[33,156312,9388],{"class":47},[33,156314,1381],{"class":47},[33,156316,2240],{"class":51},[33,156318,55],{"class":47},[33,156320,1132],{"class":51},[33,156322,9388],{"class":47},[33,156324,1381],{"class":47},[33,156326,1085],{"class":51},[33,156328,55],{"class":47},[33,156330,37798],{"class":51},[33,156332,733],{"class":47},[33,156334,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156336,157],{"class":156},[33,156338,133],{"class":47},[33,156340,726],{"class":156},[33,156342,133],{"class":47},[33,156344,1096],{"class":162},[33,156346,733],{"class":47},[14,156348,156349],{},[205,156350,207],{},[23,156352,156353],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156354,156355],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156356,156357],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156358,46771],{"class":51},[14,156360,156361],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[664,156363,156365],{"id":156364},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156367,25844],{},[23,156369,156371],{"className":25,"code":156370,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,156372,156373,156385],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156374,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156376,2622],{"class":39},[33,156378,44],{"class":43},[33,156380,1381],{"class":47},[33,156382,538],{"class":51},[33,156384,143],{"class":47},[33,156386,156387,156389,156391,156393,156395,156397],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156388,157],{"class":156},[33,156390,133],{"class":47},[33,156392,1406],{"class":129},[33,156394,133],{"class":47},[33,156396,2647],{"class":162},[33,156398,733],{"class":47},[14,156400,156401],{},[205,156402,207],{},[23,156404,156406],{"className":25,"code":156405,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[30,156407,156408],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156409,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156411,1427],{"class":43},[33,156413,1431],{"class":1430},[33,156415,245],{"class":79},[33,156417,2366],{"class":83},[33,156419,236],{"class":79},[33,156421,1441],{"class":43},[14,156423,156424],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[23,156426,156428],{"className":25,"code":156427,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[30,156429,156430,156442,156456],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156431,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156433,2622],{"class":39},[33,156435,44],{"class":43},[33,156437,1381],{"class":47},[33,156439,538],{"class":51},[33,156441,149321],{"class":47},[33,156443,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156445,157],{"class":156},[33,156447,133],{"class":47},[33,156449,1406],{"class":129},[33,156451,133],{"class":47},[33,156453,2647],{"class":162},[33,156455,733],{"class":47},[33,156457,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156459,157],{"class":156},[33,156461,133],{"class":47},[33,156463,726],{"class":156},[33,156465,133],{"class":47},[33,156467,2647],{"class":162},[33,156469,733],{"class":47},[14,156471,156472],{},[205,156473,207],{},[23,156475,156477],{"className":25,"code":156476,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[30,156478,156479,156493],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156480,156481,156483,156485,156487,156489,156491],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156482,1427],{"class":43},[33,156484,1431],{"class":1430},[33,156486,245],{"class":79},[33,156488,1436],{"class":83},[33,156490,236],{"class":79},[33,156492,1441],{"class":43},[33,156494,156495],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156496,47071],{"class":51},[664,156498,156500,156502],{"id":156499},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[30,156501,726],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156504,44582,156505,156507],{},[30,156506,726],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156509,44613],{},[23,156511,156513],{"className":25,"code":156512,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[30,156514,156515,156523,156543],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156516,156517,156519,156521],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156518,726],{"class":156},[33,156520,13430],{"class":43},[33,156522,2762],{"class":51},[33,156524,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156526,40],{"class":39},[33,156528,44],{"class":43},[33,156530,1381],{"class":47},[33,156532,52],{"class":51},[33,156534,55],{"class":47},[33,156536,58],{"class":51},[33,156538,55],{"class":47},[33,156540,63],{"class":51},[33,156542,143],{"class":47},[33,156544,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156546,157],{"class":156},[33,156548,133],{"class":47},[33,156550,726],{"class":156},[33,156552,133],{"class":47},[33,156554,163],{"class":162},[33,156556,733],{"class":47},[14,156558,39808,156559,156561],{},[30,156560,726],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156563,156564],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[23,156566,156568],{"className":25,"code":156567,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[30,156569,156570,156579,156599],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156571,156572,156575,156577],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156573,156574],{"class":39},"length_value ",[33,156576,44],{"class":43},[33,156578,2762],{"class":51},[33,156580,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156582,40],{"class":39},[33,156584,44],{"class":43},[33,156586,1381],{"class":47},[33,156588,52],{"class":51},[33,156590,55],{"class":47},[33,156592,58],{"class":51},[33,156594,55],{"class":47},[33,156596,63],{"class":51},[33,156598,143],{"class":47},[33,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156602,157],{"class":156},[33,156604,133],{"class":47},[33,156606,726],{"class":156},[33,156608,133],{"class":47},[33,156610,163],{"class":162},[33,156612,733],{"class":47},[14,156614,156615],{},[205,156616,207],{},[23,156618,156619],{"className":25,"code":46771,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156620,156621],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156622,156623],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156624,46771],{"class":51},[18,156626,156628],{"id":156627},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156630,156631,156633],{},[30,156632,42514],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[664,156635,156637],{"id":156636},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[23,156639,156641],{"className":25,"code":156640,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[30,156642,156643,156651,156655,156673],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156644,156645,156647,156649],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156646,377],{"class":39},[33,156648,44],{"class":43},[33,156650,149307],{"class":47},[33,156652,156653],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156654,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156658,7156],{"class":4046},[33,156660,38540],{"class":156},[33,156662,133],{"class":47},[33,156664,414],{"class":162},[33,156666,3831],{"class":47},[33,156668,6568],{"class":43},[33,156670,4004],{"class":51},[33,156672,6553],{"class":47},[33,156674,156675,156677,156679,156681,156684,156686],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,156676,8227],{"class":156},[33,156678,133],{"class":47},[33,156680,80],{"class":79},[33,156682,156683],{"class":83},"The tuple is empty",[33,156685,80],{"class":79},[33,156687,143],{"class":47},[14,156689,156690],{},[205,156691,207],{},[23,156693,156695],{"className":25,"code":156694,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"The tuple is empty\n",[30,156696,156697],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156698,156699,156701,156703,156705],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156700,2155],{"class":39},[33,156702,1436],{"class":129},[33,156704,8254],{"class":43},[33,156706,8260],{"class":39},[664,156708,156710],{"id":156709},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[23,156712,156714],{"className":25,"code":156713,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[30,156715,156716,156732,156736,156754],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156717,156718,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156719,51538],{"class":39},[33,156721,44],{"class":43},[33,156723,1381],{"class":47},[33,156725,2679],{"class":51},[33,156727,55],{"class":47},[33,156729,6153],{"class":51},[33,156731,143],{"class":47},[33,156733,156734],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156735,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,156737,156738,156740,156742,156744,156746,156748,156750,156752],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156739,7156],{"class":4046},[33,156741,38540],{"class":156},[33,156743,133],{"class":47},[33,156745,51563],{"class":162},[33,156747,3831],{"class":47},[33,156749,6568],{"class":43},[33,156751,58],{"class":51},[33,156753,6553],{"class":47},[33,156755,156756,156758,156760,156762,156765,156767],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,156757,8227],{"class":156},[33,156759,133],{"class":47},[33,156761,80],{"class":79},[33,156763,156764],{"class":83},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[33,156766,80],{"class":79},[33,156768,143],{"class":47},[14,156770,156771],{},[205,156772,207],{},[23,156774,156776],{"className":25,"code":156775,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[30,156777,156778],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156779,156780,156783,156785],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156781,156782],{"class":39},"This looks like an x",[33,156784,55],{"class":47},[33,156786,156787],{"class":39}," y coordinate\n",[664,156789,156791],{"id":156790},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[23,156793,156795],{"className":25,"code":156794,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[30,156796,156797,156826,156830,156848],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156822,156824],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156800,11640],{"class":39},[33,156802,44],{"class":43},[33,156804,1381],{"class":47},[33,156806,80],{"class":79},[33,156808,84],{"class":83},[33,156810,80],{"class":79},[33,156812,55],{"class":47},[33,156814,1196],{"class":51},[33,156816,55],{"class":47},[33,156818,91],{"class":79},[33,156820,156821],{"class":83},"Canada",[33,156823,80],{"class":79},[33,156825,143],{"class":47},[33,156827,156828],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156829,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,156831,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156833,7156],{"class":4046},[33,156835,38540],{"class":156},[33,156837,133],{"class":47},[33,156839,11734],{"class":162},[33,156841,3831],{"class":47},[33,156843,6568],{"class":43},[33,156845,63],{"class":51},[33,156847,6553],{"class":47},[33,156849,156850,156852,156854,156856,156859,156861],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,156851,8227],{"class":156},[33,156853,133],{"class":47},[33,156855,80],{"class":79},[33,156857,156858],{"class":83},"User record has the expected number of values",[33,156860,80],{"class":79},[33,156862,143],{"class":47},[14,156864,156865],{},[205,156866,207],{},[23,156868,156870],{"className":25,"code":156869,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[30,156871,156872],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156873,156874],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156875,156869],{"class":39},[664,156877,156879],{"id":156878},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[23,156881,156883],{"className":25,"code":156882,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[30,156884,156885,156917,156921,156941],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156886,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156888,124],{"class":39},[33,156890,44],{"class":43},[33,156892,1381],{"class":47},[33,156894,80],{"class":79},[33,156896,273],{"class":83},[33,156898,80],{"class":79},[33,156900,55],{"class":47},[33,156902,91],{"class":79},[33,156904,282],{"class":83},[33,156906,80],{"class":79},[33,156908,55],{"class":47},[33,156910,91],{"class":79},[33,156912,291],{"class":83},[33,156914,80],{"class":79},[33,156916,143],{"class":47},[33,156918,156919],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156920,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,156922,156923,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156924,6117],{"class":4046},[33,156926,69524],{"class":39},[33,156928,4053],{"class":4046},[33,156930,54218],{"class":156},[33,156932,133],{"class":47},[33,156934,726],{"class":156},[33,156936,133],{"class":47},[33,156938,199],{"class":162},[33,156940,69539],{"class":47},[33,156942,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,156944,8227],{"class":156},[33,156946,133],{"class":47},[33,156948,36308],{"class":162},[33,156950,55],{"class":47},[33,156952,70072],{"class":162},[33,156954,217],{"class":47},[33,156956,36308],{"class":162},[33,156958,4059],{"class":47},[14,156960,156961],{},[205,156962,207],{},[23,156964,156965],{"className":25,"code":36320,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,156966,156967,156973,156979],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,156968,156969,156971],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,156970,1114],{"class":51},[33,156972,36329],{"class":39},[33,156974,156975,156977],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,156976,52],{"class":51},[33,156978,36336],{"class":39},[33,156980,156981,156983],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,156982,2234],{"class":51},[33,156984,36343],{"class":39},[14,156986,156987,156988,156990,156991,310],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[273,156989,149638],{"href":149637},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[273,156992,150882],{"href":150881},[18,156994,3006],{"id":3005},[14,156996,156997],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[316,156999,157000,157008,157015,157020],{},[319,157001,157002,157003,1361,157006],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[30,157004,157005],{},"(5)",[30,157007,149472],{},[319,157009,1357,157010,157012,157013],{},[30,157011,726],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[30,157014,42514],{},[319,157016,1487,157017,157019],{},[30,157018,42514],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[319,157021,157022],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157024,32237],{},[23,157026,157028],{"className":25,"code":157027,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[30,157029,157030,157040,157054,157068],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157031,157032,157034,157036,157038],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157033,157],{"class":156},[33,157035,133],{"class":47},[33,157037,147983],{"class":162},[33,157039,143],{"class":47},[33,157041,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157043,157],{"class":156},[33,157045,133],{"class":47},[33,157047,1406],{"class":129},[33,157049,133],{"class":47},[33,157051,147983],{"class":162},[33,157053,733],{"class":47},[33,157055,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157057,157],{"class":156},[33,157059,133],{"class":47},[33,157061,726],{"class":156},[33,157063,133],{"class":47},[33,157065,147983],{"class":162},[33,157067,733],{"class":47},[33,157069,157070,157072,157074,157076],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,157071,32307],{"class":156},[33,157073,133],{"class":47},[33,157075,726],{"class":156},[33,157077,143],{"class":47},[14,157079,155192],{},[316,157081,157082,157085,157088,157092],{},[319,157083,157084],{},"what value you are using",[319,157086,157087],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[319,157089,1907,157090,11858],{},[30,157091,42514],{},[319,157093,123356,157094,157096],{},[30,157095,42514],{}," is documented in Python",[18,157098,1961],{"id":1960},[664,157100,157102],{"id":157101},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157104,672,157105,157108],{},[30,157106,157107],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[664,157110,12857,157112,149142],{"id":157111},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[30,157113,42514],{},[14,157115,46519,157116,157118],{},[30,157117,42514],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[664,157120,157122],{"id":157121},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157124,157125,157126,310],{},"The length is ",[30,157127,1114],{},[664,157129,157131],{"id":157130},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157133,150828,157134,157136],{},[30,157135,150831],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[664,157138,12857,157140,157142],{"id":157139},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[30,157141,42514],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157144,157145],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[18,157147,2045],{"id":2044},[316,157149,157150,157156,157160,157164,157168],{},[319,157151,157152],{},[273,157153,2076,157154,3683],{"href":42511},[30,157155,42514],{},[319,157157,157158],{},[273,157159,156057],{"href":147968},[319,157161,157162],{},[273,157163,149638],{"href":149637},[319,157165,157166],{},[273,157167,150882],{"href":150881},[319,157169,157170],{},[273,157171,157172],{"href":149268},"What is a tuple in Python",[2097,157174,157175],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":157177},[157178,157179,157180,157187,157193,157202,157208,157209,157218],{"id":313,"depth":69,"text":314},{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":155545,"depth":69,"text":157181,"children":157182},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157183,157184,157185,157186],{"id":155557,"depth":110,"text":155558},{"id":155624,"depth":110,"text":155625},{"id":155669,"depth":110,"text":155670},{"id":155718,"depth":110,"text":155719},{"id":155807,"depth":69,"text":155808,"children":157188},[157189,157190,157191,157192],{"id":155811,"depth":110,"text":155812},{"id":155886,"depth":110,"text":155625},{"id":155928,"depth":110,"text":155929},{"id":156062,"depth":110,"text":156063},{"id":156146,"depth":69,"text":156147,"children":157194},[157195,157197,157199,157200],{"id":156150,"depth":110,"text":157196},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156288,"depth":110,"text":157198},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156364,"depth":110,"text":156365},{"id":156499,"depth":110,"text":157201},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156627,"depth":69,"text":156628,"children":157203},[157204,157205,157206,157207],{"id":156636,"depth":110,"text":156637},{"id":156709,"depth":110,"text":156710},{"id":156790,"depth":110,"text":156791},{"id":156878,"depth":110,"text":156879},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":157210},[157211,157212,157214,157215,157216],{"id":157101,"depth":110,"text":157102},{"id":157111,"depth":110,"text":157213},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157121,"depth":110,"text":157122},{"id":157130,"depth":110,"text":157131},{"id":157139,"depth":110,"text":157217},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155329,"description":157219},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157226,"title":157227,"body":157228,"description":159613,"extension":2138,"meta":159614,"navigation":149,"path":159615,"seo":159616,"stem":159617,"__hash__":159618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157229,"toc":159574},[157230,157233,157236,157239,157262,157268,157270,157381,157385,157388,157398,157400,157499,157501,157578,157584,157588,157591,157614,157617,157634,157637,157639,157702,157704,157721,157732,157737,157739,157742,157748,157799,157801,157821,157825,157876,157878,157899,157903,157958,157960,157981,157985,158040,158042,158063,158067,158120,158122,158151,158153,158155,158158,158162,158219,158221,158242,158246,158299,158301,158326,158331,158335,158340,158358,158361,158424,158426,158447,158450,158511,158513,158534,158537,158580,158583,158587,158592,158596,158675,158677,158708,158712,158787,158789,158816,158820,158867,158869,158877,158882,158886,158889,158904,158906,158994,158996,159021,159024,159067,159076,159078,159081,159096,159099,159103,159157,159159,159179,159184,159188,159190,159228,159231,159281,159285,159358,159360,159397,159400,159402,159405,159425,159428,159497,159499,159512,159514,159518,159521,159525,159528,159533,159536,159542,159547,159549,159571],[10,157231,157227],{"id":157232},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157234,157235],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157237,157238],{},"Use this format:",[23,157240,157242],{"className":25,"code":157241,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[30,157243,157244],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157245,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157247,1436],{"class":39},[33,157249,217],{"class":47},[33,157251,36228],{"class":39},[33,157253,3061],{"class":47},[33,157255,75402],{"class":39},[33,157257,3061],{"class":47},[33,157259,75405],{"class":39},[33,157261,66],{"class":47},[14,157263,2155,157264,75438,157266,310],{},[30,157265,75402],{},[205,157267,65045],{},[18,157269,2180],{"id":2179},[23,157271,157273],{"className":25,"code":157272,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157274,157275,157303,157307,157328,157345,157362],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157276,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157278,40],{"class":39},[33,157280,44],{"class":43},[33,157282,1381],{"class":47},[33,157284,538],{"class":51},[33,157286,55],{"class":47},[33,157288,7949],{"class":51},[33,157290,55],{"class":47},[33,157292,7954],{"class":51},[33,157294,55],{"class":47},[33,157296,50997],{"class":51},[33,157298,55],{"class":47},[33,157300,5245],{"class":51},[33,157302,143],{"class":47},[33,157304,157305],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157306,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157308,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157310,157],{"class":156},[33,157312,133],{"class":47},[33,157314,163],{"class":162},[33,157316,217],{"class":47},[33,157318,52],{"class":51},[33,157320,3061],{"class":47},[33,157322,2679],{"class":51},[33,157324,20599],{"class":47},[33,157326,157327],{"class":1308},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[33,157329,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,157331,157],{"class":156},[33,157333,133],{"class":47},[33,157335,163],{"class":162},[33,157337,75511],{"class":47},[33,157339,2240],{"class":51},[33,157341,20599],{"class":47},[33,157343,157344],{"class":1308},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[33,157346,157347,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,157348,157],{"class":156},[33,157350,133],{"class":47},[33,157352,163],{"class":162},[33,157354,74098],{"class":47},[33,157356,2234],{"class":51},[33,157358,20599],{"class":47},[33,157360,157361],{"class":1308},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[33,157363,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,157365,157],{"class":156},[33,157367,133],{"class":47},[33,157369,163],{"class":162},[33,157371,74098],{"class":47},[33,157373,2199],{"class":43},[33,157375,52],{"class":51},[33,157377,20599],{"class":47},[33,157379,157380],{"class":1308},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157382,157384],{"id":157383},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157386,157387],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[316,157389,157390,157392,157395],{},[319,157391,75705],{},[319,157393,157394],{},"The result is a new tuple",[319,157396,157397],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157399,367],{},[23,157401,157403],{"className":25,"code":157402,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[30,157404,157405,157453,157457,157475,157479,157489],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157406,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157408,124],{"class":39},[33,157410,44],{"class":43},[33,157412,1381],{"class":47},[33,157414,80],{"class":79},[33,157416,273],{"class":83},[33,157418,80],{"class":79},[33,157420,55],{"class":47},[33,157422,91],{"class":79},[33,157424,282],{"class":83},[33,157426,80],{"class":79},[33,157428,55],{"class":47},[33,157430,91],{"class":79},[33,157432,291],{"class":83},[33,157434,80],{"class":79},[33,157436,55],{"class":47},[33,157438,91],{"class":79},[33,157440,1634],{"class":83},[33,157442,80],{"class":79},[33,157444,55],{"class":47},[33,157446,91],{"class":79},[33,157448,1559],{"class":83},[33,157450,80],{"class":79},[33,157452,143],{"class":47},[33,157454,157455],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157456,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157458,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157460,75635],{"class":39},[33,157462,44],{"class":43},[33,157464,70072],{"class":39},[33,157466,217],{"class":47},[33,157468,52],{"class":51},[33,157470,3061],{"class":47},[33,157472,2679],{"class":51},[33,157474,66],{"class":47},[33,157476,157477],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,157478,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157480,157481,157483,157485,157487],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,157482,157],{"class":156},[33,157484,133],{"class":47},[33,157486,75658],{"class":162},[33,157488,143],{"class":47},[33,157490,157491,157493,157495,157497],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,157492,157],{"class":156},[33,157494,133],{"class":47},[33,157496,199],{"class":162},[33,157498,143],{"class":47},[14,157500,207],{},[23,157502,157504],{"className":25,"code":157503,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[30,157505,157506,157534],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157507,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157509,133],{"class":47},[33,157511,236],{"class":79},[33,157513,282],{"class":83},[33,157515,236],{"class":79},[33,157517,55],{"class":47},[33,157519,245],{"class":79},[33,157521,291],{"class":83},[33,157523,236],{"class":79},[33,157525,55],{"class":47},[33,157527,245],{"class":79},[33,157529,1634],{"class":83},[33,157531,236],{"class":79},[33,157533,143],{"class":47},[33,157535,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157537,133],{"class":47},[33,157539,236],{"class":79},[33,157541,273],{"class":83},[33,157543,236],{"class":79},[33,157545,55],{"class":47},[33,157547,245],{"class":79},[33,157549,282],{"class":83},[33,157551,236],{"class":79},[33,157553,55],{"class":47},[33,157555,245],{"class":79},[33,157557,291],{"class":83},[33,157559,236],{"class":79},[33,157561,55],{"class":47},[33,157563,245],{"class":79},[33,157565,1634],{"class":83},[33,157567,236],{"class":79},[33,157569,55],{"class":47},[33,157571,245],{"class":79},[33,157573,1559],{"class":83},[33,157575,236],{"class":79},[33,157577,143],{"class":47},[14,157579,157580,157581,310],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[273,157582,147965],{"href":157583},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[18,157585,157587],{"id":157586},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157589,157590],{},"The full syntax is:",[23,157592,157594],{"className":25,"code":157593,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[30,157595,157596],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157597,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157599,147983],{"class":39},[33,157601,217],{"class":47},[33,157603,36228],{"class":39},[33,157605,3061],{"class":47},[33,157607,75402],{"class":39},[33,157609,3061],{"class":47},[33,157611,75405],{"class":39},[33,157613,66],{"class":47},[14,157615,157616],{},"Each part has a job:",[316,157618,157619,157624,157629],{},[319,157620,157621,157623],{},[30,157622,36228],{},": where slicing begins",[319,157625,157626,157628],{},[30,157627,75402],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[319,157630,157631,157633],{},[30,157632,75405],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157635,157636],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157638,367],{},[23,157640,157642],{"className":25,"code":157641,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[30,157643,157644,157676,157680],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157645,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157647,40],{"class":39},[33,157649,44],{"class":43},[33,157651,1381],{"class":47},[33,157653,538],{"class":51},[33,157655,55],{"class":47},[33,157657,7949],{"class":51},[33,157659,55],{"class":47},[33,157661,7954],{"class":51},[33,157663,55],{"class":47},[33,157665,50997],{"class":51},[33,157667,55],{"class":47},[33,157669,5245],{"class":51},[33,157671,55],{"class":47},[33,157673,76076],{"class":51},[33,157675,143],{"class":47},[33,157677,157678],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157679,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157681,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157683,157],{"class":156},[33,157685,133],{"class":47},[33,157687,163],{"class":162},[33,157689,217],{"class":47},[33,157691,52],{"class":51},[33,157693,3061],{"class":47},[33,157695,1085],{"class":51},[33,157697,3061],{"class":47},[33,157699,2234],{"class":51},[33,157701,4059],{"class":47},[14,157703,207],{},[23,157705,157707],{"className":25,"code":157706,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20, 40)\n",[30,157708,157709],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157710,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157712,133],{"class":47},[33,157714,15906],{"class":51},[33,157716,55],{"class":47},[33,157718,50997],{"class":51},[33,157720,143],{"class":47},[14,157722,157723,157724,157726,157727,157729,157730,310],{},"This starts at index ",[30,157725,52],{},", stops before index ",[30,157728,1085],{},", and moves by ",[30,157731,2234],{},[14,157733,157734,157735,310],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[273,157736,149638],{"href":153064},[18,157738,75992],{"id":75991},[14,157740,157741],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[664,157743,157745,157746,6125],{"id":157744},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[30,157747,76006],{},[23,157749,157751],{"className":25,"code":157750,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[30,157752,157753,157781,157785],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157754,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157756,40],{"class":39},[33,157758,44],{"class":43},[33,157760,1381],{"class":47},[33,157762,538],{"class":51},[33,157764,55],{"class":47},[33,157766,7949],{"class":51},[33,157768,55],{"class":47},[33,157770,7954],{"class":51},[33,157772,55],{"class":47},[33,157774,50997],{"class":51},[33,157776,55],{"class":47},[33,157778,5245],{"class":51},[33,157780,143],{"class":47},[33,157782,157783],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157784,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157786,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157788,157],{"class":156},[33,157790,133],{"class":47},[33,157792,163],{"class":162},[33,157794,75511],{"class":47},[33,157796,2240],{"class":51},[33,157798,4059],{"class":47},[14,157800,207],{},[23,157802,157803],{"className":25,"code":151330,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,157804,157805],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157806,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157808,133],{"class":47},[33,157810,538],{"class":51},[33,157812,55],{"class":47},[33,157814,7949],{"class":51},[33,157816,55],{"class":47},[33,157818,7954],{"class":51},[33,157820,143],{"class":47},[664,157822,157824],{"id":157823},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[23,157826,157828],{"className":25,"code":157827,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[30,157829,157830,157858,157862],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157831,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157833,40],{"class":39},[33,157835,44],{"class":43},[33,157837,1381],{"class":47},[33,157839,538],{"class":51},[33,157841,55],{"class":47},[33,157843,7949],{"class":51},[33,157845,55],{"class":47},[33,157847,7954],{"class":51},[33,157849,55],{"class":47},[33,157851,50997],{"class":51},[33,157853,55],{"class":47},[33,157855,5245],{"class":51},[33,157857,143],{"class":47},[33,157859,157860],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157861,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157865,157],{"class":156},[33,157867,133],{"class":47},[33,157869,163],{"class":162},[33,157871,217],{"class":47},[33,157873,2234],{"class":51},[33,157875,77692],{"class":47},[14,157877,207],{},[23,157879,157881],{"className":25,"code":157880,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[30,157882,157883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157886,133],{"class":47},[33,157888,36995],{"class":51},[33,157890,55],{"class":47},[33,157892,50997],{"class":51},[33,157894,55],{"class":47},[33,157896,5245],{"class":51},[33,157898,143],{"class":47},[664,157900,157902],{"id":157901},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[23,157904,157906],{"className":25,"code":157905,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[30,157907,157908,157936,157940],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157909,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157911,40],{"class":39},[33,157913,44],{"class":43},[33,157915,1381],{"class":47},[33,157917,538],{"class":51},[33,157919,55],{"class":47},[33,157921,7949],{"class":51},[33,157923,55],{"class":47},[33,157925,7954],{"class":51},[33,157927,55],{"class":47},[33,157929,50997],{"class":51},[33,157931,55],{"class":47},[33,157933,5245],{"class":51},[33,157935,143],{"class":47},[33,157937,157938],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,157939,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,157941,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,157943,157],{"class":156},[33,157945,133],{"class":47},[33,157947,163],{"class":162},[33,157949,217],{"class":47},[33,157951,52],{"class":51},[33,157953,3061],{"class":47},[33,157955,2679],{"class":51},[33,157957,4059],{"class":47},[14,157959,207],{},[23,157961,157963],{"className":25,"code":157962,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[30,157964,157965],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157966,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157968,133],{"class":47},[33,157970,15906],{"class":51},[33,157972,55],{"class":47},[33,157974,7954],{"class":51},[33,157976,55],{"class":47},[33,157978,50997],{"class":51},[33,157980,143],{"class":47},[664,157982,157984],{"id":157983},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[23,157986,157988],{"className":25,"code":157987,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[30,157989,157990,158022,158026],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,157993,40],{"class":39},[33,157995,44],{"class":43},[33,157997,1381],{"class":47},[33,157999,538],{"class":51},[33,158001,55],{"class":47},[33,158003,7949],{"class":51},[33,158005,55],{"class":47},[33,158007,7954],{"class":51},[33,158009,55],{"class":47},[33,158011,50997],{"class":51},[33,158013,55],{"class":47},[33,158015,5245],{"class":51},[33,158017,55],{"class":47},[33,158019,76076],{"class":51},[33,158021,143],{"class":47},[33,158023,158024],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158025,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158027,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158029,157],{"class":156},[33,158031,133],{"class":47},[33,158033,163],{"class":162},[33,158035,74098],{"class":47},[33,158037,2234],{"class":51},[33,158039,4059],{"class":47},[14,158041,207],{},[23,158043,158045],{"className":25,"code":158044,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[30,158046,158047],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158048,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158050,133],{"class":47},[33,158052,538],{"class":51},[33,158054,55],{"class":47},[33,158056,7954],{"class":51},[33,158058,55],{"class":47},[33,158060,5245],{"class":51},[33,158062,143],{"class":47},[664,158064,158066],{"id":158065},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[23,158068,158070],{"className":25,"code":158069,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[30,158071,158072,158100,158104],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158073,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158075,40],{"class":39},[33,158077,44],{"class":43},[33,158079,1381],{"class":47},[33,158081,538],{"class":51},[33,158083,55],{"class":47},[33,158085,7949],{"class":51},[33,158087,55],{"class":47},[33,158089,7954],{"class":51},[33,158091,55],{"class":47},[33,158093,50997],{"class":51},[33,158095,55],{"class":47},[33,158097,5245],{"class":51},[33,158099,143],{"class":47},[33,158101,158102],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158103,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158105,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158107,157],{"class":156},[33,158109,133],{"class":47},[33,158111,163],{"class":162},[33,158113,74098],{"class":47},[33,158115,2199],{"class":43},[33,158117,52],{"class":51},[33,158119,4059],{"class":47},[14,158121,207],{},[23,158123,158125],{"className":25,"code":158124,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,158126,158127],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158128,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158130,133],{"class":47},[33,158132,76770],{"class":51},[33,158134,55],{"class":47},[33,158136,50997],{"class":51},[33,158138,55],{"class":47},[33,158140,7954],{"class":51},[33,158142,55],{"class":47},[33,158144,7949],{"class":51},[33,158146,55],{"class":47},[33,158148,393],{"class":51},[33,158150,143],{"class":47},[18,158152,76286],{"id":76285},[14,158154,154337],{},[14,158156,158157],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[664,158159,158161],{"id":158160},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[23,158163,158165],{"className":25,"code":158164,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[30,158166,158167,158199,158203],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158170,40],{"class":39},[33,158172,44],{"class":43},[33,158174,1381],{"class":47},[33,158176,538],{"class":51},[33,158178,55],{"class":47},[33,158180,7949],{"class":51},[33,158182,55],{"class":47},[33,158184,7954],{"class":51},[33,158186,55],{"class":47},[33,158188,50997],{"class":51},[33,158190,55],{"class":47},[33,158192,5245],{"class":51},[33,158194,55],{"class":47},[33,158196,76076],{"class":51},[33,158198,143],{"class":47},[33,158200,158201],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158202,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158204,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158206,157],{"class":156},[33,158208,133],{"class":47},[33,158210,163],{"class":162},[33,158212,217],{"class":47},[33,158214,2199],{"class":43},[33,158216,2240],{"class":51},[33,158218,77692],{"class":47},[14,158220,207],{},[23,158222,158224],{"className":25,"code":158223,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[30,158225,158226],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158227,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158229,133],{"class":47},[33,158231,56837],{"class":51},[33,158233,55],{"class":47},[33,158235,5245],{"class":51},[33,158237,55],{"class":47},[33,158239,76076],{"class":51},[33,158241,143],{"class":47},[664,158243,158245],{"id":158244},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[23,158247,158249],{"className":25,"code":158248,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[30,158250,158251,158279,158283],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158252,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158254,40],{"class":39},[33,158256,44],{"class":43},[33,158258,1381],{"class":47},[33,158260,538],{"class":51},[33,158262,55],{"class":47},[33,158264,7949],{"class":51},[33,158266,55],{"class":47},[33,158268,7954],{"class":51},[33,158270,55],{"class":47},[33,158272,50997],{"class":51},[33,158274,55],{"class":47},[33,158276,5245],{"class":51},[33,158278,143],{"class":47},[33,158280,158281],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158282,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158284,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158286,157],{"class":156},[33,158288,133],{"class":47},[33,158290,163],{"class":162},[33,158292,75511],{"class":47},[33,158294,2199],{"class":43},[33,158296,52],{"class":51},[33,158298,4059],{"class":47},[14,158300,207],{},[23,158302,158304],{"className":25,"code":158303,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[30,158305,158306],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158307,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158309,133],{"class":47},[33,158311,538],{"class":51},[33,158313,55],{"class":47},[33,158315,7949],{"class":51},[33,158317,55],{"class":47},[33,158319,7954],{"class":51},[33,158321,55],{"class":47},[33,158323,50997],{"class":51},[33,158325,143],{"class":47},[14,158327,158328,158329,310],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[273,158330,150887],{"href":157221},[18,158332,158334],{"id":158333},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158336,2155,158337,158339],{},[30,158338,75405],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[316,158341,158342,158344,158346,158352],{},[319,158343,76542],{},[319,158345,76545],{},[319,158347,158348,158351],{},[30,158349,158350],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[319,158353,158354,158355,158357],{},"A step of ",[30,158356,1114],{}," is not allowed",[14,158359,158360],{},"Example with a positive step:",[23,158362,158364],{"className":25,"code":158363,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[30,158365,158366,158398,158402],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158367,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158369,40],{"class":39},[33,158371,44],{"class":43},[33,158373,1381],{"class":47},[33,158375,538],{"class":51},[33,158377,55],{"class":47},[33,158379,7949],{"class":51},[33,158381,55],{"class":47},[33,158383,7954],{"class":51},[33,158385,55],{"class":47},[33,158387,50997],{"class":51},[33,158389,55],{"class":47},[33,158391,5245],{"class":51},[33,158393,55],{"class":47},[33,158395,76076],{"class":51},[33,158397,143],{"class":47},[33,158399,158400],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158401,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158403,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158405,157],{"class":156},[33,158407,133],{"class":47},[33,158409,163],{"class":162},[33,158411,217],{"class":47},[33,158413,52],{"class":51},[33,158415,3061],{"class":47},[33,158417,80570],{"class":51},[33,158419,3061],{"class":47},[33,158421,2234],{"class":51},[33,158423,4059],{"class":47},[14,158425,207],{},[23,158427,158429],{"className":25,"code":158428,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[30,158430,158431],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158434,133],{"class":47},[33,158436,15906],{"class":51},[33,158438,55],{"class":47},[33,158440,50997],{"class":51},[33,158442,55],{"class":47},[33,158444,76076],{"class":51},[33,158446,143],{"class":47},[14,158448,158449],{},"Example with a negative step:",[23,158451,158453],{"className":25,"code":158452,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[30,158454,158455,158483,158487],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158456,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158458,40],{"class":39},[33,158460,44],{"class":43},[33,158462,1381],{"class":47},[33,158464,538],{"class":51},[33,158466,55],{"class":47},[33,158468,7949],{"class":51},[33,158470,55],{"class":47},[33,158472,7954],{"class":51},[33,158474,55],{"class":47},[33,158476,50997],{"class":51},[33,158478,55],{"class":47},[33,158480,5245],{"class":51},[33,158482,143],{"class":47},[33,158484,158485],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158486,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158488,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158490,157],{"class":156},[33,158492,133],{"class":47},[33,158494,163],{"class":162},[33,158496,217],{"class":47},[33,158498,2679],{"class":51},[33,158500,3061],{"class":47},[33,158502,52],{"class":51},[33,158504,3061],{"class":47},[33,158506,2199],{"class":43},[33,158508,52],{"class":51},[33,158510,4059],{"class":47},[14,158512,207],{},[23,158514,158516],{"className":25,"code":158515,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[30,158517,158518],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158519,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158521,133],{"class":47},[33,158523,76770],{"class":51},[33,158525,55],{"class":47},[33,158527,50997],{"class":51},[33,158529,55],{"class":47},[33,158531,7954],{"class":51},[33,158533,143],{"class":47},[14,158535,158536],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[23,158538,158540],{"className":25,"code":158539,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[30,158541,158542,158562,158566],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158543,158544,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158545,40],{"class":39},[33,158547,44],{"class":43},[33,158549,1381],{"class":47},[33,158551,538],{"class":51},[33,158553,55],{"class":47},[33,158555,7949],{"class":51},[33,158557,55],{"class":47},[33,158559,7954],{"class":51},[33,158561,143],{"class":47},[33,158563,158564],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158565,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158567,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158569,157],{"class":156},[33,158571,133],{"class":47},[33,158573,163],{"class":162},[33,158575,74098],{"class":47},[33,158577,1114],{"class":51},[33,158579,4059],{"class":47},[14,158581,158582],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[18,158584,158586],{"id":158585},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158588,158589,158590,33897],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[205,158591,1436],{},[664,158593,158595],{"id":158594},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[23,158597,158599],{"className":25,"code":158598,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,158600,158601,158625,158629,158647,158651,158661],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158604,40],{"class":39},[33,158606,44],{"class":43},[33,158608,1381],{"class":47},[33,158610,538],{"class":51},[33,158612,55],{"class":47},[33,158614,7949],{"class":51},[33,158616,55],{"class":47},[33,158618,7954],{"class":51},[33,158620,55],{"class":47},[33,158622,50997],{"class":51},[33,158624,143],{"class":47},[33,158626,158627],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158628,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158630,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643,158645],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158632,1506],{"class":39},[33,158634,44],{"class":43},[33,158636,4430],{"class":39},[33,158638,217],{"class":47},[33,158640,52],{"class":51},[33,158642,3061],{"class":47},[33,158644,2240],{"class":51},[33,158646,66],{"class":47},[33,158648,158649],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,158650,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158652,158653,158655,158657,158659],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,158654,157],{"class":156},[33,158656,133],{"class":47},[33,158658,1530],{"class":162},[33,158660,143],{"class":47},[33,158662,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,158664,157],{"class":156},[33,158666,133],{"class":47},[33,158668,1406],{"class":129},[33,158670,133],{"class":47},[33,158672,1530],{"class":162},[33,158674,733],{"class":47},[14,158676,207],{},[23,158678,158680],{"className":25,"code":158679,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,158681,158682,158694],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158683,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158685,133],{"class":47},[33,158687,15906],{"class":51},[33,158689,55],{"class":47},[33,158691,7954],{"class":51},[33,158693,143],{"class":47},[33,158695,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704,158706],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158697,1427],{"class":43},[33,158699,1431],{"class":1430},[33,158701,245],{"class":79},[33,158703,1436],{"class":83},[33,158705,236],{"class":79},[33,158707,1441],{"class":43},[664,158709,158711],{"id":158710},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[23,158713,158715],{"className":25,"code":158714,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[30,158716,158717,158737,158741,158759,158763,158773],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158720,40],{"class":39},[33,158722,44],{"class":43},[33,158724,1381],{"class":47},[33,158726,538],{"class":51},[33,158728,55],{"class":47},[33,158730,7949],{"class":51},[33,158732,55],{"class":47},[33,158734,7954],{"class":51},[33,158736,143],{"class":47},[33,158738,158739],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158740,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158742,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158744,1506],{"class":39},[33,158746,44],{"class":43},[33,158748,4430],{"class":39},[33,158750,217],{"class":47},[33,158752,52],{"class":51},[33,158754,3061],{"class":47},[33,158756,2234],{"class":51},[33,158758,66],{"class":47},[33,158760,158761],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,158762,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,158766,157],{"class":156},[33,158768,133],{"class":47},[33,158770,1530],{"class":162},[33,158772,143],{"class":47},[33,158774,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,158776,157],{"class":156},[33,158778,133],{"class":47},[33,158780,1406],{"class":129},[33,158782,133],{"class":47},[33,158784,1530],{"class":162},[33,158786,733],{"class":47},[14,158788,207],{},[23,158790,158792],{"className":25,"code":158791,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[30,158793,158794,158802],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158795,158796,158798,158800],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158797,133],{"class":47},[33,158799,15906],{"class":51},[33,158801,149321],{"class":47},[33,158803,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158805,1427],{"class":43},[33,158807,1431],{"class":1430},[33,158809,245],{"class":79},[33,158811,1436],{"class":83},[33,158813,236],{"class":79},[33,158815,1441],{"class":43},[664,158817,158819],{"id":158818},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[23,158821,158823],{"className":25,"code":158822,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[30,158824,158825,158845,158849],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158826,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158828,40],{"class":39},[33,158830,44],{"class":43},[33,158832,1381],{"class":47},[33,158834,538],{"class":51},[33,158836,55],{"class":47},[33,158838,7949],{"class":51},[33,158840,55],{"class":47},[33,158842,7954],{"class":51},[33,158844,143],{"class":47},[33,158846,158847],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158848,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158850,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158852,157],{"class":156},[33,158854,133],{"class":47},[33,158856,163],{"class":162},[33,158858,217],{"class":47},[33,158860,1085],{"class":51},[33,158862,3061],{"class":47},[33,158864,2520],{"class":51},[33,158866,4059],{"class":47},[14,158868,207],{},[23,158870,158871],{"className":25,"code":1671,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,158872,158873],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158874,158875],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158876,1671],{"class":47},[14,158878,158879,158880,310],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[273,158881,156057],{"href":150944},[18,158883,158885],{"id":158884},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158887,158888],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[316,158890,158891,158893,158896,158901],{},[319,158892,76851],{},[319,158894,158895],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[319,158897,158898,158899],{},"Indexing can raise ",[30,158900,70707],{},[319,158902,158903],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158905,367],{},[23,158907,158909],{"className":25,"code":158908,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[30,158910,158911,158931,158935,158952,158973],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,158914,40],{"class":39},[33,158916,44],{"class":43},[33,158918,1381],{"class":47},[33,158920,538],{"class":51},[33,158922,55],{"class":47},[33,158924,7949],{"class":51},[33,158926,55],{"class":47},[33,158928,7954],{"class":51},[33,158930,143],{"class":47},[33,158932,158933],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,158934,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,158936,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,158938,157],{"class":156},[33,158940,133],{"class":47},[33,158942,163],{"class":162},[33,158944,217],{"class":47},[33,158946,52],{"class":51},[33,158948,20599],{"class":47},[33,158950,158951],{"class":1308},"    # one item\n",[33,158953,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,158955,157],{"class":156},[33,158957,133],{"class":47},[33,158959,163],{"class":162},[33,158961,217],{"class":47},[33,158963,52],{"class":51},[33,158965,3061],{"class":47},[33,158967,1085],{"class":51},[33,158969,20599],{"class":47},[33,158971,158972],{"class":1308},"  # slice\n",[33,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,158976,157],{"class":156},[33,158978,133],{"class":47},[33,158980,163],{"class":162},[33,158982,217],{"class":47},[33,158984,1085],{"class":51},[33,158986,3061],{"class":47},[33,158988,2520],{"class":51},[33,158990,20599],{"class":47},[33,158992,158993],{"class":1308},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158995,207],{},[23,158997,158999],{"className":25,"code":158998,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[30,159000,159001,159005,159017],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159002,159003],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159004,71200],{"class":51},[33,159006,159007,159009,159011,159013,159015],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159008,133],{"class":47},[33,159010,15906],{"class":51},[33,159012,55],{"class":47},[33,159014,7954],{"class":51},[33,159016,143],{"class":47},[33,159018,159019],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159020,1671],{"class":47},[14,159022,159023],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[23,159025,159027],{"className":25,"code":159026,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[30,159028,159029,159049,159053],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159030,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159032,40],{"class":39},[33,159034,44],{"class":43},[33,159036,1381],{"class":47},[33,159038,538],{"class":51},[33,159040,55],{"class":47},[33,159042,7949],{"class":51},[33,159044,55],{"class":47},[33,159046,7954],{"class":51},[33,159048,143],{"class":47},[33,159050,159051],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159052,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159056,157],{"class":156},[33,159058,133],{"class":47},[33,159060,163],{"class":162},[33,159062,217],{"class":47},[33,159064,1085],{"class":51},[33,159066,4059],{"class":47},[14,159068,159069,159070,159072,159073,310],{},"This raises an ",[30,159071,70707],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[273,159074,154810],{"href":159075},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[18,159077,15329],{"id":77118},[14,159079,159080],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[316,159082,159083,159086,159088,159091],{},[319,159084,159085],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[319,159087,1809],{},[319,159089,159090],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[319,159092,159093,159094],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[30,159095,1114],{},[14,159097,159098],{},"Here are a few examples.",[664,159100,159102],{"id":159101},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[23,159104,159105],{"className":25,"code":157905,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159106,159107,159135,159139],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159108,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159110,40],{"class":39},[33,159112,44],{"class":43},[33,159114,1381],{"class":47},[33,159116,538],{"class":51},[33,159118,55],{"class":47},[33,159120,7949],{"class":51},[33,159122,55],{"class":47},[33,159124,7954],{"class":51},[33,159126,55],{"class":47},[33,159128,50997],{"class":51},[33,159130,55],{"class":47},[33,159132,5245],{"class":51},[33,159134,143],{"class":47},[33,159136,159137],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159138,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159140,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159142,157],{"class":156},[33,159144,133],{"class":47},[33,159146,163],{"class":162},[33,159148,217],{"class":47},[33,159150,52],{"class":51},[33,159152,3061],{"class":47},[33,159154,2679],{"class":51},[33,159156,4059],{"class":47},[14,159158,207],{},[23,159160,159161],{"className":25,"code":157962,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159162,159163],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159164,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159166,133],{"class":47},[33,159168,15906],{"class":51},[33,159170,55],{"class":47},[33,159172,7954],{"class":51},[33,159174,55],{"class":47},[33,159176,50997],{"class":51},[33,159178,143],{"class":47},[14,159180,132389,159181,159183],{},[30,159182,2679],{}," is not included.",[664,159185,159187],{"id":159186},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159189,4691],{},[23,159191,159193],{"className":25,"code":159192,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[30,159194,159195,159219,159223],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159196,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159198,40],{"class":39},[33,159200,44],{"class":43},[33,159202,1381],{"class":47},[33,159204,538],{"class":51},[33,159206,55],{"class":47},[33,159208,7949],{"class":51},[33,159210,55],{"class":47},[33,159212,7954],{"class":51},[33,159214,55],{"class":47},[33,159216,50997],{"class":51},[33,159218,143],{"class":47},[33,159220,159221],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159222,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159224,159225],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159226,159227],{"class":1308},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159229,159230],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[23,159232,159233],{"className":25,"code":154890,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159234,159235,159259,159263],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159238,40],{"class":39},[33,159240,44],{"class":43},[33,159242,1381],{"class":47},[33,159244,538],{"class":51},[33,159246,55],{"class":47},[33,159248,7949],{"class":51},[33,159250,55],{"class":47},[33,159252,7954],{"class":51},[33,159254,55],{"class":47},[33,159256,50997],{"class":51},[33,159258,143],{"class":47},[33,159260,159261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159262,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159264,159265,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275,159277,159279],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159266,157],{"class":156},[33,159268,133],{"class":47},[33,159270,163],{"class":162},[33,159272,217],{"class":47},[33,159274,52],{"class":51},[33,159276,3061],{"class":47},[33,159278,2240],{"class":51},[33,159280,4059],{"class":47},[664,159282,159284],{"id":159283},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[23,159286,159288],{"className":25,"code":159287,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[30,159289,159290,159314,159318,159333,159337,159348],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159291,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310,159312],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159293,40],{"class":39},[33,159295,44],{"class":43},[33,159297,1381],{"class":47},[33,159299,538],{"class":51},[33,159301,55],{"class":47},[33,159303,7949],{"class":51},[33,159305,55],{"class":47},[33,159307,7954],{"class":51},[33,159309,55],{"class":47},[33,159311,50997],{"class":51},[33,159313,143],{"class":47},[33,159315,159316],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159317,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159319,159320,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159321,159322],{"class":39},"slice_result ",[33,159324,44],{"class":43},[33,159326,4430],{"class":39},[33,159328,75511],{"class":47},[33,159330,2234],{"class":51},[33,159332,66],{"class":47},[33,159334,159335],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,159336,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159338,159339,159341,159343,159346],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,159340,157],{"class":156},[33,159342,133],{"class":47},[33,159344,159345],{"class":162},"slice_result",[33,159347,143],{"class":47},[33,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,159351,157],{"class":156},[33,159353,133],{"class":47},[33,159355,163],{"class":162},[33,159357,143],{"class":47},[14,159359,207],{},[23,159361,159363],{"className":25,"code":159362,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[30,159364,159365,159377],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159366,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159368,133],{"class":47},[33,159370,538],{"class":51},[33,159372,55],{"class":47},[33,159374,7949],{"class":51},[33,159376,143],{"class":47},[33,159378,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159380,133],{"class":47},[33,159382,538],{"class":51},[33,159384,55],{"class":47},[33,159386,7949],{"class":51},[33,159388,55],{"class":47},[33,159390,7954],{"class":51},[33,159392,55],{"class":47},[33,159394,50997],{"class":51},[33,159396,143],{"class":47},[14,159398,159399],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[18,159401,113703],{"id":113702},[14,159403,159404],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[316,159406,159407,159410,159413,159419,159422],{},[319,159408,159409],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[319,159411,159412],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[319,159414,159415,159416],{},"Using a zero step like ",[30,159417,159418],{},"tuple[::0]",[319,159420,159421],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[319,159423,159424],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159426,159427],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[23,159429,159431],{"className":25,"code":159430,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[30,159432,159433,159443,159461,159483],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159434,159435,159437,159439,159441],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159436,157],{"class":156},[33,159438,133],{"class":47},[33,159440,147983],{"class":162},[33,159442,143],{"class":47},[33,159444,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159446,157],{"class":156},[33,159448,133],{"class":47},[33,159450,147983],{"class":162},[33,159452,217],{"class":47},[33,159454,52],{"class":51},[33,159456,3061],{"class":47},[33,159458,2679],{"class":51},[33,159460,4059],{"class":47},[33,159462,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159464,157],{"class":156},[33,159466,133],{"class":47},[33,159468,1406],{"class":129},[33,159470,133],{"class":47},[33,159472,147983],{"class":162},[33,159474,217],{"class":47},[33,159476,52],{"class":51},[33,159478,3061],{"class":47},[33,159480,2679],{"class":51},[33,159482,3175],{"class":47},[33,159484,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,159486,157],{"class":156},[33,159488,133],{"class":47},[33,159490,726],{"class":156},[33,159492,133],{"class":47},[33,159494,147983],{"class":162},[33,159496,733],{"class":47},[14,159498,11322],{},[316,159500,159501,159503,159506,159509],{},[319,159502,155197],{},[319,159504,159505],{},"what the slice actually returns",[319,159507,159508],{},"that the result is a tuple",[319,159510,159511],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[18,159513,1961],{"id":1960},[664,159515,159517],{"id":159516},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159519,159520],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[664,159522,159524],{"id":159523},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159526,159527],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[664,159529,2007,159531,40115],{"id":159530},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[30,159532,158350],{},[14,159534,159535],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[664,159537,159539,159540,2033],{"id":159538},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[30,159541,70707],{},[14,159543,159544,159545,310],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[30,159546,70707],{},[18,159548,2045],{"id":2044},[316,159550,159551,159555,159559,159563,159567],{},[319,159552,159553],{},[273,159554,156057],{"href":150944},[319,159556,159557],{},[273,159558,149638],{"href":153064},[319,159560,159561],{},[273,159562,150887],{"href":157221},[319,159564,159565],{},[273,159566,147965],{"href":157583},[319,159568,159569],{},[273,159570,154810],{"href":159075},[2097,159572,159573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":159575},[159576,159577,159578,159579,159587,159591,159592,159597,159598,159603,159604,159612],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":157383,"depth":69,"text":157384},{"id":157586,"depth":69,"text":157587},{"id":75991,"depth":69,"text":75992,"children":159580},[159581,159583,159584,159585,159586],{"id":157744,"depth":110,"text":159582},"Get the first n items",{"id":157823,"depth":110,"text":157824},{"id":157901,"depth":110,"text":157902},{"id":157983,"depth":110,"text":157984},{"id":158065,"depth":110,"text":158066},{"id":76285,"depth":69,"text":76286,"children":159588},[159589,159590],{"id":158160,"depth":110,"text":158161},{"id":158244,"depth":110,"text":158245},{"id":158333,"depth":69,"text":158334},{"id":158585,"depth":69,"text":158586,"children":159593},[159594,159595,159596],{"id":158594,"depth":110,"text":158595},{"id":158710,"depth":110,"text":158711},{"id":158818,"depth":110,"text":158819},{"id":158884,"depth":69,"text":158885},{"id":77118,"depth":69,"text":15329,"children":159599},[159600,159601,159602],{"id":159101,"depth":110,"text":159102},{"id":159186,"depth":110,"text":159187},{"id":159283,"depth":110,"text":159284},{"id":113702,"depth":69,"text":113703},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":159605},[159606,159607,159608,159610],{"id":159516,"depth":110,"text":159517},{"id":159523,"depth":110,"text":159524},{"id":159530,"depth":110,"text":159609},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159538,"depth":110,"text":159611},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157227,"description":159613},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159620,"title":159621,"body":159622,"description":161445,"extension":2138,"meta":161446,"navigation":149,"path":34964,"seo":161447,"stem":161448,"__hash__":161449},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159623,"toc":161411},[159624,159629,159634,159638,159656,159659,159674,159680,159682,159739,159741,159773,159785,159791,159796,159799,159834,159840,159842,159845,159859,159862,159864,159887,159889,159907,159910,159926,159928,159931,160044,160046,160135,160138,160143,160149,160152,160155,160254,160256,160315,160320,160323,160392,160396,160428,160444,160449,160456,160463,160475,160477,160526,160528,160551,160557,160605,160610,160617,160625,160631,160634,160658,160661,160663,160739,160741,160766,160772,160775,160780,160784,160798,160800,160863,160865,160897,160900,160916,160918,160924,160931,160933,160952,160954,160972,160979,160984,160991,160993,161030,161033,161040,161044,161047,161105,161108,161111,161166,161168,161180,161186,161188,161192,161225,161232,161234,161297,161300,161302,161307,161321,161328,161336,161345,161354,161360,161366,161368,161408],[10,159625,2076,159627,2079],{"id":159626},"python-type-function-explained",[30,159628,2478],{},[14,159630,32472,159631,159633],{},[30,159632,2478],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159635,62742,159636,104547],{},[30,159637,2478],{},[316,159639,159640,159643,159646,159649],{},[319,159641,159642],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[319,159644,159645],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[319,159647,159648],{},"debug confusing code",[319,159650,159651,159652],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[273,159653,159654],{"href":8377},[30,159655,3134],{},[14,159657,159658],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[23,159660,159662],{"className":25,"code":159661,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"type(object)\n",[30,159663,159664],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159667,1406],{"class":129},[33,159669,133],{"class":47},[33,159671,42552],{"class":129},[33,159673,143],{"class":47},[14,159675,159676,159677,159679],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[30,159678,2478],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[18,159681,21],{"id":20},[23,159683,159685],{"className":25,"code":159684,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,159686,159687,159699,159713,159717,159725],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159688,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159690,8034],{"class":39},[33,159692,44],{"class":43},[33,159694,91],{"class":79},[33,159696,5169],{"class":83},[33,159698,3532],{"class":79},[33,159700,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159702,157],{"class":156},[33,159704,133],{"class":47},[33,159706,1406],{"class":129},[33,159708,133],{"class":47},[33,159710,7827],{"class":162},[33,159712,733],{"class":47},[33,159714,159715],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159716,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,159718,159719,159721,159723],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,159720,2394],{"class":39},[33,159722,44],{"class":43},[33,159724,2762],{"class":51},[33,159726,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,159728,157],{"class":156},[33,159730,133],{"class":47},[33,159732,1406],{"class":129},[33,159734,133],{"class":47},[33,159736,2416],{"class":162},[33,159738,733],{"class":47},[14,159740,207],{},[23,159742,159743],{"className":25,"code":125050,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159744,159745,159759],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159746,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159748,1427],{"class":43},[33,159750,1431],{"class":1430},[33,159752,245],{"class":79},[33,159754,3617],{"class":83},[33,159756,236],{"class":79},[33,159758,1441],{"class":43},[33,159760,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159762,1427],{"class":43},[33,159764,1431],{"class":1430},[33,159766,245],{"class":79},[33,159768,2366],{"class":83},[33,159770,236],{"class":79},[33,159772,1441],{"class":43},[14,159774,672,159775,159778,159779,2030,159782,310],{},[30,159776,159777],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[30,159780,159781],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[30,159783,159784],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[18,159786,13149,159788,159790],{"id":159787},"what-the-type-function-does",[30,159789,2478],{}," function does",[14,159792,159793,159795],{},[30,159794,2478],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159797,159798],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[316,159800,159801,159806,159811,159816,159821,159826],{},[319,159802,159803,159805],{},[30,159804,3617],{}," for text",[319,159807,159808,159810],{},[30,159809,2366],{}," for whole numbers",[319,159812,159813,159815],{},[30,159814,2369],{}," for decimal numbers",[319,159817,159818,159820],{},[30,159819,1879],{}," for lists",[319,159822,159823,159825],{},[30,159824,8977],{}," for dictionaries",[319,159827,159828,69071,159830,2030,159832],{},[30,159829,4037],{},[30,159831,3777],{},[30,159833,3844],{},[14,159835,159836,159837,159839],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[30,159838,2478],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[18,159841,2334],{"id":2333},[14,159843,159844],{},"The main beginner form is:",[23,159846,159847],{"className":25,"code":159661,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159848,159849],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159850,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159852,1406],{"class":129},[33,159854,133],{"class":47},[33,159856,42552],{"class":129},[33,159858,143],{"class":47},[14,159860,159861],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159863,367],{},[23,159865,159867],{"className":25,"code":159866,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[30,159868,159869],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159870,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159872,157],{"class":156},[33,159874,133],{"class":47},[33,159876,1406],{"class":129},[33,159878,133],{"class":47},[33,159880,80],{"class":79},[33,159882,545],{"class":83},[33,159884,80],{"class":79},[33,159886,733],{"class":47},[14,159888,207],{},[23,159890,159891],{"className":25,"code":45924,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,159892,159893],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159894,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159896,1427],{"class":43},[33,159898,1431],{"class":1430},[33,159900,245],{"class":79},[33,159902,3617],{"class":83},[33,159904,236],{"class":79},[33,159906,1441],{"class":43},[14,159908,159909],{},"You can pass either:",[316,159911,159912,159919],{},[319,159913,159914,159915,453,159917],{},"a literal value such as ",[30,159916,64510],{},[30,159918,46680],{},[319,159920,159921,159922,453,159924],{},"a variable such as ",[30,159923,7827],{},[30,159925,9453],{},[18,159927,121862],{"id":121861},[14,159929,159930],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[23,159932,159934],{"className":25,"code":159933,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[30,159935,159936,159954,159968,159982,160004,160030],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,159937,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,159939,157],{"class":156},[33,159941,133],{"class":47},[33,159943,1406],{"class":129},[33,159945,133],{"class":47},[33,159947,80],{"class":79},[33,159949,545],{"class":83},[33,159951,80],{"class":79},[33,159953,733],{"class":47},[33,159955,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,159957,157],{"class":156},[33,159959,133],{"class":47},[33,159961,1406],{"class":129},[33,159963,133],{"class":47},[33,159965,538],{"class":51},[33,159967,733],{"class":47},[33,159969,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,159971,157],{"class":156},[33,159973,133],{"class":47},[33,159975,1406],{"class":129},[33,159977,133],{"class":47},[33,159979,40298],{"class":51},[33,159981,733],{"class":47},[33,159983,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,159985,157],{"class":156},[33,159987,133],{"class":47},[33,159989,1406],{"class":129},[33,159991,3162],{"class":47},[33,159993,52],{"class":51},[33,159995,55],{"class":47},[33,159997,58],{"class":51},[33,159999,55],{"class":47},[33,160001,63],{"class":51},[33,160003,3175],{"class":47},[33,160005,160006,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,160007,157],{"class":156},[33,160009,133],{"class":47},[33,160011,1406],{"class":129},[33,160013,5688],{"class":47},[33,160015,80],{"class":79},[33,160017,7827],{"class":83},[33,160019,80],{"class":79},[33,160021,3061],{"class":47},[33,160023,91],{"class":79},[33,160025,5169],{"class":83},[33,160027,80],{"class":79},[33,160029,5697],{"class":47},[33,160031,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,160033,157],{"class":156},[33,160035,133],{"class":47},[33,160037,1406],{"class":129},[33,160039,133],{"class":47},[33,160041,3777],{"class":398},[33,160043,733],{"class":47},[14,160045,207],{},[23,160047,160049],{"className":25,"code":160048,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[30,160050,160051,160065,160079,160093,160107,160121],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160054,1427],{"class":43},[33,160056,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160058,245],{"class":79},[33,160060,3617],{"class":83},[33,160062,236],{"class":79},[33,160064,1441],{"class":43},[33,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160068,1427],{"class":43},[33,160070,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160072,245],{"class":79},[33,160074,2366],{"class":83},[33,160076,236],{"class":79},[33,160078,1441],{"class":43},[33,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160082,1427],{"class":43},[33,160084,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160086,245],{"class":79},[33,160088,2369],{"class":83},[33,160090,236],{"class":79},[33,160092,1441],{"class":43},[33,160094,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160096,1427],{"class":43},[33,160098,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160100,245],{"class":79},[33,160102,1879],{"class":83},[33,160104,236],{"class":79},[33,160106,1441],{"class":43},[33,160108,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,160110,1427],{"class":43},[33,160112,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160114,245],{"class":79},[33,160116,8977],{"class":83},[33,160118,236],{"class":79},[33,160120,1441],{"class":43},[33,160122,160123,160125,160127,160129,160131,160133],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,160124,1427],{"class":43},[33,160126,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160128,245],{"class":79},[33,160130,4037],{"class":83},[33,160132,236],{"class":79},[33,160134,1441],{"class":43},[14,160136,160137],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160139,160140,160141,310],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[273,160142,44951],{"href":49131},[18,160144,1357,160146,160148],{"id":160145},"using-type-with-variables",[30,160147,2478],{}," with variables",[14,160150,160151],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160153,160154],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[23,160156,160158],{"className":25,"code":160157,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[30,160159,160160,160168,160186,160190,160202,160220,160224,160236],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160161,160162,160164,160166],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160163,2622],{"class":39},[33,160165,44],{"class":43},[33,160167,2762],{"class":51},[33,160169,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160171,157],{"class":156},[33,160173,133],{"class":47},[33,160175,2647],{"class":162},[33,160177,55],{"class":47},[33,160179,49543],{"class":129},[33,160181,133],{"class":47},[33,160183,2647],{"class":162},[33,160185,733],{"class":47},[33,160187,160188],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160189,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160193,2622],{"class":39},[33,160195,44],{"class":43},[33,160197,91],{"class":79},[33,160199,46061],{"class":83},[33,160201,3532],{"class":79},[33,160203,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,160205,157],{"class":156},[33,160207,133],{"class":47},[33,160209,2647],{"class":162},[33,160211,55],{"class":47},[33,160213,49543],{"class":129},[33,160215,133],{"class":47},[33,160217,2647],{"class":162},[33,160219,733],{"class":47},[33,160221,160222],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,160223,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160225,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,160227,2622],{"class":39},[33,160229,44],{"class":43},[33,160231,48],{"class":47},[33,160233,538],{"class":51},[33,160235,66],{"class":47},[33,160237,160238,160240,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252],{"class":35,"line":180},[33,160239,157],{"class":156},[33,160241,133],{"class":47},[33,160243,2647],{"class":162},[33,160245,55],{"class":47},[33,160247,49543],{"class":129},[33,160249,133],{"class":47},[33,160251,2647],{"class":162},[33,160253,733],{"class":47},[14,160255,207],{},[23,160257,160259],{"className":25,"code":160258,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[30,160260,160261,160278,160295],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160262,160263,160265,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160264,538],{"class":51},[33,160266,160267],{"class":43}," \u003C",[33,160269,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160271,245],{"class":79},[33,160273,2366],{"class":83},[33,160275,236],{"class":79},[33,160277,1441],{"class":43},[33,160279,160280,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160281,160282],{"class":39},"ten ",[33,160284,1427],{"class":43},[33,160286,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160288,245],{"class":79},[33,160290,3617],{"class":83},[33,160292,236],{"class":79},[33,160294,1441],{"class":43},[33,160296,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160298,217],{"class":47},[33,160300,538],{"class":51},[33,160302,13427],{"class":47},[33,160304,160267],{"class":43},[33,160306,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160308,245],{"class":79},[33,160310,1879],{"class":83},[33,160312,236],{"class":79},[33,160314,1441],{"class":43},[14,160316,160317,160319],{},[30,160318,2478],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160321,160322],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[23,160324,160326],{"className":25,"code":160325,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[30,160327,160328,160346,160360,160364,160378],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160329,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160331,3565],{"class":39},[33,160333,44],{"class":43},[33,160335,8400],{"class":156},[33,160337,133],{"class":47},[33,160339,80],{"class":79},[33,160341,42024],{"class":83},[33,160343,80],{"class":79},[33,160345,143],{"class":47},[33,160347,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160349,157],{"class":156},[33,160351,133],{"class":47},[33,160353,1406],{"class":129},[33,160355,133],{"class":47},[33,160357,3591],{"class":162},[33,160359,733],{"class":47},[33,160361,160362],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160363,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160367,122974],{"class":39},[33,160369,44],{"class":43},[33,160371,45430],{"class":129},[33,160373,133],{"class":47},[33,160375,3591],{"class":162},[33,160377,143],{"class":47},[33,160379,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,160381,157],{"class":156},[33,160383,133],{"class":47},[33,160385,1406],{"class":129},[33,160387,133],{"class":47},[33,160389,122997],{"class":162},[33,160391,733],{"class":47},[14,160393,41274,160394,41278],{},[30,160395,9349],{},[23,160397,160398],{"className":25,"code":125050,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,160399,160400,160414],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160401,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160403,1427],{"class":43},[33,160405,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160407,245],{"class":79},[33,160409,3617],{"class":83},[33,160411,236],{"class":79},[33,160413,1441],{"class":43},[33,160415,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160417,1427],{"class":43},[33,160419,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160421,245],{"class":79},[33,160423,2366],{"class":83},[33,160425,236],{"class":79},[33,160427,1441],{"class":43},[14,160429,45857,160430,160434,160435,453,160439,160443],{},[273,160431,160432],{"href":8377},[30,160433,3134],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[273,160436,160437],{"href":3051},[30,160438,3054],{},[273,160440,160441],{"href":3057},[30,160442,3060],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160445,160446,160447,310],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[273,160448,9137],{"href":9136},[18,160450,160452,10739,160454],{"id":160451},"type-vs-isinstance",[30,160453,2478],{},[30,160455,44959],{},[14,160457,160458,2030,160460,160462],{},[30,160459,2478],{},[30,160461,44959],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[316,160464,160465,160470],{},[319,160466,160467,160469],{},[30,160468,2478],{}," tells you the exact type",[319,160471,160472,160474],{},[30,160473,44959],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160476,367],{},[23,160478,160480],{"className":25,"code":160479,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[30,160481,160482,160490,160494,160508],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160483,160484,160486,160488],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160485,2622],{"class":39},[33,160487,44],{"class":43},[33,160489,34998],{"class":51},[33,160491,160492],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160493,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160495,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160497,157],{"class":156},[33,160499,133],{"class":47},[33,160501,1406],{"class":129},[33,160503,133],{"class":47},[33,160505,2647],{"class":162},[33,160507,733],{"class":47},[33,160509,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518,160520,160522,160524],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160511,157],{"class":156},[33,160513,133],{"class":47},[33,160515,49029],{"class":156},[33,160517,133],{"class":47},[33,160519,2647],{"class":162},[33,160521,55],{"class":47},[33,160523,45430],{"class":129},[33,160525,733],{"class":47},[14,160527,207],{},[23,160529,160531],{"className":25,"code":160530,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[30,160532,160533,160547],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160534,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160536,1427],{"class":43},[33,160538,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160540,245],{"class":79},[33,160542,2366],{"class":83},[33,160544,236],{"class":79},[33,160546,1441],{"class":43},[33,160548,160549],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160550,4148],{"class":398},[14,160552,160553,160554,160556],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[30,160555,44959],{}," is more practical.",[23,160558,160560],{"className":25,"code":160559,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[30,160561,160562,160570,160574,160590],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160563,160564,160566,160568],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160565,2622],{"class":39},[33,160567,44],{"class":43},[33,160569,34998],{"class":51},[33,160571,160572],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160573,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160575,160576,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586,160588],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160577,7156],{"class":4046},[33,160579,49766],{"class":156},[33,160581,133],{"class":47},[33,160583,2647],{"class":162},[33,160585,55],{"class":47},[33,160587,45430],{"class":129},[33,160589,8498],{"class":47},[33,160591,160592,160594,160596,160598,160601,160603],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160593,8227],{"class":156},[33,160595,133],{"class":47},[33,160597,80],{"class":79},[33,160599,160600],{"class":83},"This is an integer",[33,160602,80],{"class":79},[33,160604,143],{"class":47},[14,160606,672,160607,160609],{},[30,160608,2478],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160611,672,160612,160614,160615,7331],{},[30,160613,44959],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[30,160616,7156],{},[14,160618,160619,160620,310],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[273,160621,2076,160623,3683],{"href":160622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[30,160624,44959],{},[18,160626,160628,160629],{"id":160627},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[30,160630,2478],{},[14,160632,160633],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[23,160635,160637],{"className":25,"code":160636,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[30,160638,160639],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160640,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160652,160654,160656],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160642,1406],{"class":129},[33,160644,133],{"class":47},[33,160646,7827],{"class":162},[33,160648,55],{"class":47},[33,160650,160651],{"class":162}," bases",[33,160653,55],{"class":47},[33,160655,9326],{"class":129},[33,160657,143],{"class":47},[14,160659,160660],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160662,367],{},[23,160664,160666],{"className":25,"code":160665,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[30,160667,160668,160711,160715,160725],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160669,160670,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681,160684,160686,160688,160691,160693,160695,160698,160700,160702,160704,160707,160709],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160671,160672],{"class":39},"Person ",[33,160674,44],{"class":43},[33,160676,49543],{"class":129},[33,160678,133],{"class":47},[33,160680,80],{"class":79},[33,160682,160683],{"class":83},"Person",[33,160685,80],{"class":79},[33,160687,55],{"class":47},[33,160689,160690],{"class":47}," (),",[33,160692,10644],{"class":47},[33,160694,80],{"class":79},[33,160696,160697],{"class":83},"species",[33,160699,80],{"class":79},[33,160701,3061],{"class":47},[33,160703,91],{"class":79},[33,160705,160706],{"class":83},"human",[33,160708,80],{"class":79},[33,160710,30650],{"class":47},[33,160712,160713],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160714,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160718,157],{"class":156},[33,160720,133],{"class":47},[33,160722,160683],{"class":162},[33,160724,143],{"class":47},[33,160726,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735,160737],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160728,157],{"class":156},[33,160730,133],{"class":47},[33,160732,160683],{"class":162},[33,160734,310],{"class":47},[33,160736,160697],{"class":24904},[33,160738,143],{"class":47},[14,160740,207],{},[23,160742,160744],{"className":25,"code":160743,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[30,160745,160746,160761],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160747,160748,160750,160752,160754,160757,160759],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160749,1427],{"class":43},[33,160751,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160753,245],{"class":79},[33,160755,160756],{"class":83},"__main__.Person",[33,160758,236],{"class":79},[33,160760,1441],{"class":43},[33,160762,160763],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160764,160765],{"class":39},"human\n",[14,160767,160768,160769,160771],{},"Most beginners do ",[205,160770,4796],{}," need this form.",[14,160773,160774],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[18,160776,5127,160778],{"id":160777},"when-to-use-type",[30,160779,2478],{},[14,160781,160782,12597],{},[30,160783,2478],{},[316,160785,160786,160789,160792,160795],{},[319,160787,160788],{},"debug unexpected values",[319,160790,160791],{},"check what a conversion produced",[319,160793,160794],{},"learn Python data types",[319,160796,160797],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160799,5632],{},[23,160801,160803],{"className":25,"code":160802,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[30,160804,160805,160817,160831,160835,160849],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160806,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160808,34843],{"class":39},[33,160810,44],{"class":43},[33,160812,91],{"class":79},[33,160814,50399],{"class":83},[33,160816,3532],{"class":79},[33,160818,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160820,2394],{"class":39},[33,160822,44],{"class":43},[33,160824,45430],{"class":129},[33,160826,133],{"class":47},[33,160828,34864],{"class":162},[33,160830,143],{"class":47},[33,160832,160833],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,160834,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,160836,160837,160839,160841,160843,160845,160847],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,160838,157],{"class":156},[33,160840,133],{"class":47},[33,160842,1406],{"class":129},[33,160844,133],{"class":47},[33,160846,34864],{"class":162},[33,160848,733],{"class":47},[33,160850,160851,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,160852,157],{"class":156},[33,160854,133],{"class":47},[33,160856,1406],{"class":129},[33,160858,133],{"class":47},[33,160860,2416],{"class":162},[33,160862,733],{"class":47},[14,160864,207],{},[23,160866,160867],{"className":25,"code":125050,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,160868,160869,160883],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160870,160871,160873,160875,160877,160879,160881],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160872,1427],{"class":43},[33,160874,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160876,245],{"class":79},[33,160878,3617],{"class":83},[33,160880,236],{"class":79},[33,160882,1441],{"class":43},[33,160884,160885,160887,160889,160891,160893,160895],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,160886,1427],{"class":43},[33,160888,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160890,245],{"class":79},[33,160892,2366],{"class":83},[33,160894,236],{"class":79},[33,160896,1441],{"class":43},[14,160898,160899],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160901,160902,160903,1931,160907,1938,160911,160915],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[273,160904,160905],{"href":42328},[30,160906,47837],{},[273,160908,160909],{"href":3051},[30,160910,3054],{},[273,160912,160913],{"href":3057},[30,160914,3060],{}," are often the next step.",[18,160917,25511],{"id":25510},[14,160919,160920,160921,160923],{},"A few things about ",[30,160922,2478],{}," often confuse beginners.",[664,160925,160927,160930],{"id":160926},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[30,160928,160929],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160932,64619],{},[23,160934,160936],{"className":25,"code":160935,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(5))\n",[30,160937,160938],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160939,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160941,157],{"class":156},[33,160943,133],{"class":47},[33,160945,1406],{"class":129},[33,160947,133],{"class":47},[33,160949,1085],{"class":51},[33,160951,733],{"class":47},[14,160953,122893],{},[23,160955,160956],{"className":25,"code":156405,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,160957,160958],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160959,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,160961,1427],{"class":43},[33,160963,1431],{"class":1430},[33,160965,245],{"class":79},[33,160967,2366],{"class":83},[33,160969,236],{"class":79},[33,160971,1441],{"class":43},[14,160973,41059,160974,160976,160977,310],{},[205,160975,4796],{}," print just ",[30,160978,2366],{},[14,160980,6835,160981,160983],{},[30,160982,2478],{}," returns a class object.",[664,160985,160987,2572,160989],{"id":160986},"input-returns-str",[30,160988,3134],{},[30,160990,3617],{},[14,160992,79518],{},[23,160994,160996],{"className":25,"code":160995,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[30,160997,160998,161016],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161001,2622],{"class":39},[33,161003,44],{"class":43},[33,161005,8400],{"class":156},[33,161007,133],{"class":47},[33,161009,80],{"class":79},[33,161011,46464],{"class":83},[33,161013,80],{"class":79},[33,161015,143],{"class":47},[33,161017,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161019,157],{"class":156},[33,161021,133],{"class":47},[33,161023,1406],{"class":129},[33,161025,133],{"class":47},[33,161027,2647],{"class":162},[33,161029,733],{"class":47},[14,161031,161032],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161034,161035,161036,453,161038,310],{},"If you need a number, use ",[30,161037,3054],{},[30,161039,3060],{},[664,161041,161043],{"id":161042},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161045,161046],{},"Avoid code like this:",[23,161048,161050],{"className":25,"code":161049,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[30,161051,161052,161060,161064,161090],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161053,161054,161056,161058],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161055,2622],{"class":39},[33,161057,44],{"class":43},[33,161059,34998],{"class":51},[33,161061,161062],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161063,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,161065,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161067,7156],{"class":4046},[33,161069,49058],{"class":129},[33,161071,133],{"class":47},[33,161073,1406],{"class":129},[33,161075,133],{"class":47},[33,161077,2647],{"class":162},[33,161079,5522],{"class":47},[33,161081,6568],{"class":43},[33,161083,91],{"class":79},[33,161085,159784],{"class":83},[33,161087,80],{"class":79},[33,161089,6553],{"class":47},[33,161091,161092,161094,161096,161098,161101,161103],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161093,8227],{"class":156},[33,161095,133],{"class":47},[33,161097,80],{"class":79},[33,161099,161100],{"class":83},"It is an int",[33,161102,80],{"class":79},[33,161104,143],{"class":47},[14,161106,161107],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161109,161110],{},"Better options:",[23,161112,161114],{"className":25,"code":161113,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[30,161115,161116,161124,161128,161148],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161117,161118,161120,161122],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161119,2622],{"class":39},[33,161121,44],{"class":43},[33,161123,34998],{"class":51},[33,161125,161126],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161127,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,161129,161130,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161131,157],{"class":156},[33,161133,133],{"class":47},[33,161135,1406],{"class":129},[33,161137,133],{"class":47},[33,161139,2647],{"class":162},[33,161141,3831],{"class":47},[33,161143,6568],{"class":43},[33,161145,45430],{"class":129},[33,161147,143],{"class":47},[33,161149,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161151,157],{"class":156},[33,161153,133],{"class":47},[33,161155,49029],{"class":156},[33,161157,133],{"class":47},[33,161159,2647],{"class":162},[33,161161,55],{"class":47},[33,161163,45430],{"class":129},[33,161165,733],{"class":47},[14,161167,207],{},[23,161169,161170],{"className":25,"code":4672,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,161171,161172,161176],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161173,161174],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161175,4148],{"class":398},[33,161177,161178],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161179,4148],{"class":398},[14,161181,161182,161183,161185],{},"In most real code, ",[30,161184,44959],{}," is the more useful check.",[18,161187,3006],{"id":3005},[14,161189,14887,161190,3061],{},[30,161191,2478],{},[316,161193,161194,161204,161213,161222],{},[319,161195,1357,161196,161198,161199,161203],{},[30,161197,2478],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[273,161200,161201],{"href":8377},[30,161202,3134],{}," always returns a string",[319,161205,1487,161206,161208,161209,1361,161211],{},[30,161207,2478],{}," to return plain text like ",[30,161210,2366],{},[30,161212,159784],{},[319,161214,1357,161215,44783,161218,161221],{},[30,161216,161217],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[30,161219,161220],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[319,161223,161224],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161226,161227,161228,310],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[273,161229,161231],{"href":161230},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161233,144559],{},[23,161235,161237],{"className":25,"code":161236,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[30,161238,161239,161253,161263,161277,161287],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161240,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161242,157],{"class":156},[33,161244,133],{"class":47},[33,161246,1406],{"class":129},[33,161248,133],{"class":47},[33,161250,2647],{"class":162},[33,161252,733],{"class":47},[33,161254,161255,161257,161259,161261],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161256,157],{"class":156},[33,161258,133],{"class":47},[33,161260,2647],{"class":162},[33,161262,143],{"class":47},[33,161264,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161266,157],{"class":156},[33,161268,133],{"class":47},[33,161270,41932],{"class":156},[33,161272,133],{"class":47},[33,161274,2647],{"class":162},[33,161276,733],{"class":47},[33,161278,161279,161281,161283,161285],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161280,32307],{"class":156},[33,161282,133],{"class":47},[33,161284,1406],{"class":129},[33,161286,143],{"class":47},[33,161288,161289,161291,161293,161295],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,161290,34528],{"class":156},[33,161292,133],{"class":47},[33,161294,2647],{"class":162},[33,161296,143],{"class":47},[14,161298,161299],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[18,161301,1961],{"id":1960},[664,161303,2007,161305,5309],{"id":161304},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[30,161306,2478],{},[14,161308,161309,161310,1931,161312,1931,161314,2370,161316,161318,161319,310],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[30,161311,3617],{},[30,161313,2366],{},[30,161315,1879],{},[30,161317,8977],{},", shown as a class object like ",[30,161320,159781],{},[664,161322,15057,161324,57349,161326,2033],{"id":161323},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[30,161325,2478],{},[30,161327,44959],{},[14,161329,46519,161330,161332,161333,161335],{},[30,161331,2478],{}," shows the exact type. ",[30,161334,44959],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[664,161337,5322,161339,161342,161343,2033],{"id":161338},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[30,161340,161341],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[30,161344,3617],{},[14,161346,29214,161347,161349,161350,453,161352,160443],{},[30,161348,3134],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[30,161351,3054],{},[30,161353,3060],{},[664,161355,5334,161357,161359],{"id":161356},"can-type-create-classes",[30,161358,2478],{}," create classes?",[14,161361,161362,161363,310],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[30,161364,161365],{},"type(object)",[18,161367,2045],{"id":2044},[316,161369,161370,161374,161380,161386,161390,161396,161402],{},[319,161371,161372],{},[273,161373,44951],{"href":49131},[319,161375,161376],{},[273,161377,2076,161378,3683],{"href":160622},[30,161379,44959],{},[319,161381,161382],{},[273,161383,2076,161384,3683],{"href":8377},[30,161385,3134],{},[319,161387,161388],{},[273,161389,9214],{"href":9136},[319,161391,161392],{},[273,161393,2076,161394,3683],{"href":3051},[30,161395,3054],{},[319,161397,161398],{},[273,161399,2076,161400,3683],{"href":3057},[30,161401,3060],{},[319,161403,161404],{},[273,161405,2076,161406,3683],{"href":42328},[30,161407,47837],{},[2097,161409,161410],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":161412},[161413,161414,161416,161417,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161433,161434,161444],{"id":20,"depth":69,"text":21},{"id":159787,"depth":69,"text":161415},"What the type() function does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":121861,"depth":69,"text":121862},{"id":160145,"depth":69,"text":161419},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160451,"depth":69,"text":161421},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160627,"depth":69,"text":161423},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160777,"depth":69,"text":161425},"When to use type()",{"id":25510,"depth":69,"text":25511,"children":161427},[161428,161430,161432],{"id":160926,"depth":110,"text":161429},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160986,"depth":110,"text":161431},"input() returns str",{"id":161042,"depth":110,"text":161043},{"id":3005,"depth":69,"text":3006},{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":161435},[161436,161438,161440,161442],{"id":161304,"depth":110,"text":161437},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161323,"depth":110,"text":161439},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161338,"depth":110,"text":161441},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161356,"depth":110,"text":161443},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159621,"description":161445},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161451,"title":161452,"body":161453,"description":163932,"extension":2138,"meta":163933,"navigation":149,"path":163934,"seo":163935,"stem":163936,"__hash__":163937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161454,"toc":163889},[161455,161460,161465,161474,161476,161576,161578,161603,161608,161613,161629,161632,161634,161636,161661,161664,161667,161750,161752,161801,161804,161926,161928,162001,162005,162008,162122,162124,162150,162152,162173,162178,162182,162187,162190,162294,162296,162313,162322,162325,162412,162414,162425,162430,162436,162441,162447,162450,162543,162545,162594,162600,162603,162704,162706,162759,162764,162768,162771,162870,162872,162911,162914,162919,162921,162926,162930,163043,163047,163144,163148,163236,163238,163255,163259,163382,163388,163394,163400,163405,163408,163435,163439,163441,163535,163538,163542,163545,163632,163635,163670,163672,163709,163712,163720,163725,163730,163804,163811,163813,163818,163821,163827,163830,163836,163841,163847,163852,163856,163859,163861,163886],[10,161456,2076,161458,2079],{"id":161457},"python-zip-function-explained",[30,161459,64295],{},[14,161461,161462,161464],{},[30,161463,64295],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161466,161467,161468,161470,161471,161473],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[30,161469,64295],{}," inside a ",[30,161472,6117],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[18,161475,2180],{"id":2179},[23,161477,161479],{"className":25,"code":161478,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[30,161480,161481,161513,161533,161537,161562],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161482,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161484,72],{"class":39},[33,161486,44],{"class":43},[33,161488,48],{"class":47},[33,161490,80],{"class":79},[33,161492,84],{"class":83},[33,161494,80],{"class":79},[33,161496,55],{"class":47},[33,161498,91],{"class":79},[33,161500,94],{"class":83},[33,161502,80],{"class":79},[33,161504,55],{"class":47},[33,161506,91],{"class":79},[33,161508,103],{"class":83},[33,161510,80],{"class":79},[33,161512,66],{"class":47},[33,161514,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161516,5228],{"class":39},[33,161518,44],{"class":43},[33,161520,48],{"class":47},[33,161522,13656],{"class":51},[33,161524,55],{"class":47},[33,161526,13661],{"class":51},[33,161528,55],{"class":47},[33,161530,29073],{"class":51},[33,161532,66],{"class":47},[33,161534,161535],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161536,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,161538,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161549,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161540,6117],{"class":4046},[33,161542,36147],{"class":39},[33,161544,55],{"class":47},[33,161546,5270],{"class":39},[33,161548,4053],{"class":4046},[33,161550,161551],{"class":156}," zip",[33,161553,133],{"class":47},[33,161555,175],{"class":162},[33,161557,55],{"class":47},[33,161559,5275],{"class":162},[33,161561,8498],{"class":47},[33,161563,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,161565,8227],{"class":156},[33,161567,133],{"class":47},[33,161569,7827],{"class":162},[33,161571,55],{"class":47},[33,161573,130839],{"class":162},[33,161575,143],{"class":47},[14,161577,207],{},[23,161579,161581],{"className":25,"code":161580,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[30,161582,161583,161589,161596],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161584,161585,161587],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161586,133858],{"class":39},[33,161588,33291],{"class":51},[33,161590,161591,161594],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161592,161593],{"class":39},"Ben ",[33,161595,33296],{"class":51},[33,161597,161598,161601],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161599,161600],{"class":39},"Cara ",[33,161602,33301],{"class":51},[14,161604,672,161605,161607],{},[30,161606,64295],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[18,161609,3848,161611,3851],{"id":161610},"what-zip-does",[30,161612,64295],{},[316,161614,161615,161620,161623,161626],{},[319,161616,161617,161619],{},[30,161618,64295],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[319,161621,161622],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[319,161624,161625],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[319,161627,161628],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161630,161631],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[18,161633,2334],{"id":2333},[14,161635,7377],{},[23,161637,161639],{"className":25,"code":161638,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[30,161640,161641],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161642,161643,161645,161647,161650,161652,161655,161657,161659],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161644,64365],{"class":156},[33,161646,133],{"class":47},[33,161648,161649],{"class":162},"iterable1",[33,161651,55],{"class":47},[33,161653,161654],{"class":162}," iterable2",[33,161656,55],{"class":47},[33,161658,34610],{"class":156},[33,161660,143],{"class":47},[14,161662,161663],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161665,161666],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[23,161668,161670],{"className":25,"code":161669,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[30,161671,161672,161692,161724,161728],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161673,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161675,40],{"class":39},[33,161677,44],{"class":43},[33,161679,48],{"class":47},[33,161681,52],{"class":51},[33,161683,55],{"class":47},[33,161685,58],{"class":51},[33,161687,55],{"class":47},[33,161689,63],{"class":51},[33,161691,66],{"class":47},[33,161693,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161695,124],{"class":39},[33,161697,44],{"class":43},[33,161699,48],{"class":47},[33,161701,80],{"class":79},[33,161703,273],{"class":83},[33,161705,80],{"class":79},[33,161707,55],{"class":47},[33,161709,91],{"class":79},[33,161711,282],{"class":83},[33,161713,80],{"class":79},[33,161715,55],{"class":47},[33,161717,91],{"class":79},[33,161719,291],{"class":83},[33,161721,80],{"class":79},[33,161723,66],{"class":47},[33,161725,161726],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161727,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,161729,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161731,157],{"class":156},[33,161733,133],{"class":47},[33,161735,1879],{"class":129},[33,161737,133],{"class":47},[33,161739,64365],{"class":156},[33,161741,133],{"class":47},[33,161743,163],{"class":162},[33,161745,55],{"class":47},[33,161747,70072],{"class":162},[33,161749,1890],{"class":47},[14,161751,207],{},[23,161753,161755],{"className":25,"code":161754,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[30,161756,161757],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161758,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161760,21894],{"class":47},[33,161762,52],{"class":51},[33,161764,55],{"class":47},[33,161766,245],{"class":79},[33,161768,273],{"class":83},[33,161770,236],{"class":79},[33,161772,9388],{"class":47},[33,161774,1381],{"class":47},[33,161776,2234],{"class":51},[33,161778,55],{"class":47},[33,161780,245],{"class":79},[33,161782,282],{"class":83},[33,161784,236],{"class":79},[33,161786,9388],{"class":47},[33,161788,1381],{"class":47},[33,161790,2240],{"class":51},[33,161792,55],{"class":47},[33,161794,245],{"class":79},[33,161796,291],{"class":83},[33,161798,236],{"class":79},[33,161800,9403],{"class":47},[14,161802,161803],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[23,161805,161807],{"className":25,"code":161806,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[30,161808,161809,161841,161861,161895,161899],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161810,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161812,72],{"class":39},[33,161814,44],{"class":43},[33,161816,48],{"class":47},[33,161818,80],{"class":79},[33,161820,84],{"class":83},[33,161822,80],{"class":79},[33,161824,55],{"class":47},[33,161826,91],{"class":79},[33,161828,94],{"class":83},[33,161830,80],{"class":79},[33,161832,55],{"class":47},[33,161834,91],{"class":79},[33,161836,103],{"class":83},[33,161838,80],{"class":79},[33,161840,66],{"class":47},[33,161842,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,161844,5228],{"class":39},[33,161846,44],{"class":43},[33,161848,48],{"class":47},[33,161850,13656],{"class":51},[33,161852,55],{"class":47},[33,161854,13661],{"class":51},[33,161856,55],{"class":47},[33,161858,29073],{"class":51},[33,161860,66],{"class":47},[33,161862,161863,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161891,161893],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,161864,161865],{"class":39},"grades ",[33,161867,44],{"class":43},[33,161869,48],{"class":47},[33,161871,80],{"class":79},[33,161873,22399],{"class":83},[33,161875,80],{"class":79},[33,161877,55],{"class":47},[33,161879,91],{"class":79},[33,161881,30754],{"class":83},[33,161883,80],{"class":79},[33,161885,55],{"class":47},[33,161887,91],{"class":79},[33,161889,161890],{"class":83},"B+",[33,161892,80],{"class":79},[33,161894,66],{"class":47},[33,161896,161897],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,161898,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,161900,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161924],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,161902,157],{"class":156},[33,161904,133],{"class":47},[33,161906,1879],{"class":129},[33,161908,133],{"class":47},[33,161910,64365],{"class":156},[33,161912,133],{"class":47},[33,161914,175],{"class":162},[33,161916,55],{"class":47},[33,161918,5275],{"class":162},[33,161920,55],{"class":47},[33,161922,161923],{"class":162}," grades",[33,161925,1890],{"class":47},[14,161927,207],{},[23,161929,161931],{"className":25,"code":161930,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[30,161932,161933],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,161934,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,161936,21894],{"class":47},[33,161938,236],{"class":79},[33,161940,84],{"class":83},[33,161942,236],{"class":79},[33,161944,55],{"class":47},[33,161946,20051],{"class":51},[33,161948,55],{"class":47},[33,161950,245],{"class":79},[33,161952,22399],{"class":83},[33,161954,236],{"class":79},[33,161956,9388],{"class":47},[33,161958,1381],{"class":47},[33,161960,236],{"class":79},[33,161962,94],{"class":83},[33,161964,236],{"class":79},[33,161966,55],{"class":47},[33,161968,13661],{"class":51},[33,161970,55],{"class":47},[33,161972,245],{"class":79},[33,161974,30754],{"class":83},[33,161976,236],{"class":79},[33,161978,9388],{"class":47},[33,161980,1381],{"class":47},[33,161982,236],{"class":79},[33,161984,103],{"class":83},[33,161986,236],{"class":79},[33,161988,55],{"class":47},[33,161990,29073],{"class":51},[33,161992,55],{"class":47},[33,161994,245],{"class":79},[33,161996,161890],{"class":83},[33,161998,236],{"class":79},[33,162000,9403],{"class":47},[18,162002,162004],{"id":162003},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162006,162007],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[23,162009,162011],{"className":25,"code":162010,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[30,162012,162013,162045,162065,162069,162093],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162014,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162016,72],{"class":39},[33,162018,44],{"class":43},[33,162020,48],{"class":47},[33,162022,80],{"class":79},[33,162024,84],{"class":83},[33,162026,80],{"class":79},[33,162028,55],{"class":47},[33,162030,91],{"class":79},[33,162032,94],{"class":83},[33,162034,80],{"class":79},[33,162036,55],{"class":47},[33,162038,91],{"class":79},[33,162040,103],{"class":83},[33,162042,80],{"class":79},[33,162044,66],{"class":47},[33,162046,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162048,5228],{"class":39},[33,162050,44],{"class":43},[33,162052,48],{"class":47},[33,162054,13656],{"class":51},[33,162056,55],{"class":47},[33,162058,13661],{"class":51},[33,162060,55],{"class":47},[33,162062,29073],{"class":51},[33,162064,66],{"class":47},[33,162066,162067],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162068,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162070,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162072,6117],{"class":4046},[33,162074,36147],{"class":39},[33,162076,55],{"class":47},[33,162078,5270],{"class":39},[33,162080,4053],{"class":4046},[33,162082,161551],{"class":156},[33,162084,133],{"class":47},[33,162086,175],{"class":162},[33,162088,55],{"class":47},[33,162090,5275],{"class":162},[33,162092,8498],{"class":47},[33,162094,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,162096,8227],{"class":156},[33,162098,133],{"class":47},[33,162100,22448],{"class":1430},[33,162102,80],{"class":83},[33,162104,9432],{"class":51},[33,162106,7827],{"class":162},[33,162108,22457],{"class":51},[33,162110,162111],{"class":83}," scored ",[33,162113,9432],{"class":51},[33,162115,85496],{"class":162},[33,162117,22457],{"class":51},[33,162119,80],{"class":83},[33,162121,143],{"class":47},[14,162123,207],{},[23,162125,162127],{"className":25,"code":162126,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[30,162128,162129,162136,162143],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162130,162131,162134],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162132,162133],{"class":39},"Ana scored ",[33,162135,33291],{"class":51},[33,162137,162138,162141],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162139,162140],{"class":39},"Ben scored ",[33,162142,33296],{"class":51},[33,162144,162145,162148],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162146,162147],{"class":39},"Cara scored ",[33,162149,33301],{"class":51},[14,162151,45084],{},[316,162153,162154,162163,162166],{},[319,162155,162156,162159,162160],{},[30,162157,162158],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[30,162161,162162],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[319,162164,162165],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[319,162167,162168,2030,162170,162172],{},[30,162169,7827],{},[30,162171,85496],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162174,162175,162176,310],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[273,162177,69589],{"href":69588},[18,162179,162181],{"id":162180},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162183,162184,162186],{},[30,162185,64295],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162188,162189],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[23,162191,162193],{"className":25,"code":162192,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[30,162194,162195,162236,162252,162256,162280],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162196,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162232,162234],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162198,72],{"class":39},[33,162200,44],{"class":43},[33,162202,48],{"class":47},[33,162204,80],{"class":79},[33,162206,84],{"class":83},[33,162208,80],{"class":79},[33,162210,55],{"class":47},[33,162212,91],{"class":79},[33,162214,94],{"class":83},[33,162216,80],{"class":79},[33,162218,55],{"class":47},[33,162220,91],{"class":79},[33,162222,103],{"class":83},[33,162224,80],{"class":79},[33,162226,55],{"class":47},[33,162228,91],{"class":79},[33,162230,162231],{"class":83},"Dan",[33,162233,80],{"class":79},[33,162235,66],{"class":47},[33,162237,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162239,5228],{"class":39},[33,162241,44],{"class":43},[33,162243,48],{"class":47},[33,162245,13656],{"class":51},[33,162247,55],{"class":47},[33,162249,13661],{"class":51},[33,162251,66],{"class":47},[33,162253,162254],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162255,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162257,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274,162276,162278],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162259,6117],{"class":4046},[33,162261,36147],{"class":39},[33,162263,55],{"class":47},[33,162265,5270],{"class":39},[33,162267,4053],{"class":4046},[33,162269,161551],{"class":156},[33,162271,133],{"class":47},[33,162273,175],{"class":162},[33,162275,55],{"class":47},[33,162277,5275],{"class":162},[33,162279,8498],{"class":47},[33,162281,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,162283,8227],{"class":156},[33,162285,133],{"class":47},[33,162287,7827],{"class":162},[33,162289,55],{"class":47},[33,162291,130839],{"class":162},[33,162293,143],{"class":47},[14,162295,207],{},[23,162297,162299],{"className":25,"code":162298,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[30,162300,162301,162307],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162302,162303,162305],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162304,133858],{"class":39},[33,162306,33291],{"class":51},[33,162308,162309,162311],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162310,161593],{"class":39},[33,162312,33296],{"class":51},[14,162314,2462,162315,2030,162318,162321],{},[30,162316,162317],{},"\"Cara\"",[30,162319,162320],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162323,162324],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[23,162326,162328],{"className":25,"code":162327,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[30,162329,162330,162370,162386,162390],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162331,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162333,72],{"class":39},[33,162335,44],{"class":43},[33,162337,48],{"class":47},[33,162339,80],{"class":79},[33,162341,84],{"class":83},[33,162343,80],{"class":79},[33,162345,55],{"class":47},[33,162347,91],{"class":79},[33,162349,94],{"class":83},[33,162351,80],{"class":79},[33,162353,55],{"class":47},[33,162355,91],{"class":79},[33,162357,103],{"class":83},[33,162359,80],{"class":79},[33,162361,55],{"class":47},[33,162363,91],{"class":79},[33,162365,162231],{"class":83},[33,162367,80],{"class":79},[33,162369,66],{"class":47},[33,162371,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162373,5228],{"class":39},[33,162375,44],{"class":43},[33,162377,48],{"class":47},[33,162379,13656],{"class":51},[33,162381,55],{"class":47},[33,162383,13661],{"class":51},[33,162385,66],{"class":47},[33,162387,162388],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162389,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162391,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162393,157],{"class":156},[33,162395,133],{"class":47},[33,162397,726],{"class":156},[33,162399,133],{"class":47},[33,162401,175],{"class":162},[33,162403,9388],{"class":47},[33,162405,38540],{"class":156},[33,162407,133],{"class":47},[33,162409,16541],{"class":162},[33,162411,733],{"class":47},[14,162413,207],{},[23,162415,162417],{"className":25,"code":162416,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"4 2\n",[30,162418,162419],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162420,162421,162423],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162422,2679],{"class":51},[33,162424,45743],{"class":51},[14,162426,162427,162428,310],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[30,162429,64295],{},[18,162431,92087,162433,162435],{"id":162432},"converting-zip-output",[30,162434,64295],{}," output",[14,162437,29214,162438,162440],{},[30,162439,64295],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[664,162442,672,162444],{"id":162443},"use-listzip",[30,162445,162446],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162448,162449],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[23,162451,162453],{"className":25,"code":162452,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[30,162454,162455,162487,162507,162511,162533],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162458,72],{"class":39},[33,162460,44],{"class":43},[33,162462,48],{"class":47},[33,162464,80],{"class":79},[33,162466,84],{"class":83},[33,162468,80],{"class":79},[33,162470,55],{"class":47},[33,162472,91],{"class":79},[33,162474,94],{"class":83},[33,162476,80],{"class":79},[33,162478,55],{"class":47},[33,162480,91],{"class":79},[33,162482,103],{"class":83},[33,162484,80],{"class":79},[33,162486,66],{"class":47},[33,162488,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162490,5228],{"class":39},[33,162492,44],{"class":43},[33,162494,48],{"class":47},[33,162496,13656],{"class":51},[33,162498,55],{"class":47},[33,162500,13661],{"class":51},[33,162502,55],{"class":47},[33,162504,29073],{"class":51},[33,162506,66],{"class":47},[33,162508,162509],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162510,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162512,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162514,9370],{"class":39},[33,162516,44],{"class":43},[33,162518,130],{"class":129},[33,162520,133],{"class":47},[33,162522,64365],{"class":156},[33,162524,133],{"class":47},[33,162526,175],{"class":162},[33,162528,55],{"class":47},[33,162530,5275],{"class":162},[33,162532,733],{"class":47},[33,162534,162535,162537,162539,162541],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,162536,157],{"class":156},[33,162538,133],{"class":47},[33,162540,9416],{"class":162},[33,162542,143],{"class":47},[14,162544,207],{},[23,162546,162548],{"className":25,"code":162547,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[30,162549,162550],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162551,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162553,21894],{"class":47},[33,162555,236],{"class":79},[33,162557,84],{"class":83},[33,162559,236],{"class":79},[33,162561,55],{"class":47},[33,162563,20051],{"class":51},[33,162565,9388],{"class":47},[33,162567,1381],{"class":47},[33,162569,236],{"class":79},[33,162571,94],{"class":83},[33,162573,236],{"class":79},[33,162575,55],{"class":47},[33,162577,13661],{"class":51},[33,162579,9388],{"class":47},[33,162581,1381],{"class":47},[33,162583,236],{"class":79},[33,162585,103],{"class":83},[33,162587,236],{"class":79},[33,162589,55],{"class":47},[33,162591,29073],{"class":51},[33,162593,9403],{"class":47},[664,162595,672,162597],{"id":162596},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[30,162598,162599],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162601,162602],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[23,162604,162606],{"className":25,"code":162605,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[30,162607,162608,162640,162668,162672,162694],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162609,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162611,17394],{"class":39},[33,162613,44],{"class":43},[33,162615,48],{"class":47},[33,162617,80],{"class":79},[33,162619,7827],{"class":83},[33,162621,80],{"class":79},[33,162623,55],{"class":47},[33,162625,91],{"class":79},[33,162627,9453],{"class":83},[33,162629,80],{"class":79},[33,162631,55],{"class":47},[33,162633,91],{"class":79},[33,162635,10562],{"class":83},[33,162637,80],{"class":79},[33,162639,66],{"class":47},[33,162641,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162643,1071],{"class":39},[33,162645,44],{"class":43},[33,162647,48],{"class":47},[33,162649,80],{"class":79},[33,162651,84],{"class":83},[33,162653,80],{"class":79},[33,162655,55],{"class":47},[33,162657,1196],{"class":51},[33,162659,55],{"class":47},[33,162661,91],{"class":79},[33,162663,16183],{"class":83},[33,162665,80],{"class":79},[33,162667,66],{"class":47},[33,162669,162670],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162671,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162673,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162675,13358],{"class":39},[33,162677,44],{"class":43},[33,162679,9326],{"class":129},[33,162681,133],{"class":47},[33,162683,64365],{"class":156},[33,162685,133],{"class":47},[33,162687,17076],{"class":162},[33,162689,55],{"class":47},[33,162691,4056],{"class":162},[33,162693,733],{"class":47},[33,162695,162696,162698,162700,162702],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,162697,157],{"class":156},[33,162699,133],{"class":47},[33,162701,17459],{"class":162},[33,162703,143],{"class":47},[14,162705,207],{},[23,162707,162709],{"className":25,"code":162708,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[30,162710,162711],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162712,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162714,9432],{"class":47},[33,162716,236],{"class":79},[33,162718,7827],{"class":83},[33,162720,236],{"class":79},[33,162722,3061],{"class":47},[33,162724,245],{"class":79},[33,162726,84],{"class":83},[33,162728,236],{"class":79},[33,162730,55],{"class":47},[33,162732,245],{"class":79},[33,162734,9453],{"class":83},[33,162736,236],{"class":79},[33,162738,3061],{"class":47},[33,162740,1196],{"class":51},[33,162742,55],{"class":47},[33,162744,245],{"class":79},[33,162746,10562],{"class":83},[33,162748,236],{"class":79},[33,162750,3061],{"class":47},[33,162752,245],{"class":79},[33,162754,16183],{"class":83},[33,162756,236],{"class":79},[33,162758,9462],{"class":47},[14,162760,162761,162762,310],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[273,162763,31241],{"href":31240},[664,162765,162767],{"id":162766},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162769,162770],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[23,162772,162774],{"className":25,"code":162773,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[30,162775,162776,162800,162816,162820,162838,162842,162856],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162777,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162779,72],{"class":39},[33,162781,44],{"class":43},[33,162783,48],{"class":47},[33,162785,80],{"class":79},[33,162787,84],{"class":83},[33,162789,80],{"class":79},[33,162791,55],{"class":47},[33,162793,91],{"class":79},[33,162795,94],{"class":83},[33,162797,80],{"class":79},[33,162799,66],{"class":47},[33,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162803,5228],{"class":39},[33,162805,44],{"class":43},[33,162807,48],{"class":47},[33,162809,13656],{"class":51},[33,162811,55],{"class":47},[33,162813,13661],{"class":51},[33,162815,66],{"class":47},[33,162817,162818],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162819,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162821,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162823,9370],{"class":39},[33,162825,44],{"class":43},[33,162827,161551],{"class":156},[33,162829,133],{"class":47},[33,162831,175],{"class":162},[33,162833,55],{"class":47},[33,162835,5275],{"class":162},[33,162837,143],{"class":47},[33,162839,162840],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,162841,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162843,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,162845,157],{"class":156},[33,162847,133],{"class":47},[33,162849,1879],{"class":129},[33,162851,133],{"class":47},[33,162853,9416],{"class":162},[33,162855,733],{"class":47},[33,162857,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,162859,157],{"class":156},[33,162861,133],{"class":47},[33,162863,1879],{"class":129},[33,162865,133],{"class":47},[33,162867,9416],{"class":162},[33,162869,733],{"class":47},[14,162871,207],{},[23,162873,162875],{"className":25,"code":162874,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[30,162876,162877,162907],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162878,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162880,21894],{"class":47},[33,162882,236],{"class":79},[33,162884,84],{"class":83},[33,162886,236],{"class":79},[33,162888,55],{"class":47},[33,162890,20051],{"class":51},[33,162892,9388],{"class":47},[33,162894,1381],{"class":47},[33,162896,236],{"class":79},[33,162898,94],{"class":83},[33,162900,236],{"class":79},[33,162902,55],{"class":47},[33,162904,13661],{"class":51},[33,162906,9403],{"class":47},[33,162908,162909],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162910,264],{"class":47},[14,162912,162913],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162915,162916,162917,310],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[273,162918,5301],{"href":5745},[18,162920,41199],{"id":41198},[14,162922,162923,162924,310],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[30,162925,64295],{},[664,162927,162929],{"id":162928},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[23,162931,162933],{"className":25,"code":162932,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[30,162934,162935,162967,162987,162991,163015],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,162936,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,162938,72],{"class":39},[33,162940,44],{"class":43},[33,162942,48],{"class":47},[33,162944,80],{"class":79},[33,162946,84],{"class":83},[33,162948,80],{"class":79},[33,162950,55],{"class":47},[33,162952,91],{"class":79},[33,162954,94],{"class":83},[33,162956,80],{"class":79},[33,162958,55],{"class":47},[33,162960,91],{"class":79},[33,162962,103],{"class":83},[33,162964,80],{"class":79},[33,162966,66],{"class":47},[33,162968,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,162970,5228],{"class":39},[33,162972,44],{"class":43},[33,162974,48],{"class":47},[33,162976,13656],{"class":51},[33,162978,55],{"class":47},[33,162980,13661],{"class":51},[33,162982,55],{"class":47},[33,162984,29073],{"class":51},[33,162986,66],{"class":47},[33,162988,162989],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,162990,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,162992,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,162994,6117],{"class":4046},[33,162996,36147],{"class":39},[33,162998,55],{"class":47},[33,163000,5270],{"class":39},[33,163002,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163004,161551],{"class":156},[33,163006,133],{"class":47},[33,163008,175],{"class":162},[33,163010,55],{"class":47},[33,163012,5275],{"class":162},[33,163014,8498],{"class":47},[33,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163018,8227],{"class":156},[33,163020,133],{"class":47},[33,163022,22448],{"class":1430},[33,163024,80],{"class":83},[33,163026,9432],{"class":51},[33,163028,7827],{"class":162},[33,163030,22457],{"class":51},[33,163032,22460],{"class":83},[33,163034,9432],{"class":51},[33,163036,85496],{"class":162},[33,163038,22457],{"class":51},[33,163040,80],{"class":83},[33,163042,143],{"class":47},[664,163044,163046],{"id":163045},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[23,163048,163050],{"className":25,"code":163049,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[30,163051,163052,163084,163108,163112,163134],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163053,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163055,17394],{"class":39},[33,163057,44],{"class":43},[33,163059,48],{"class":47},[33,163061,80],{"class":79},[33,163063,12802],{"class":83},[33,163065,80],{"class":79},[33,163067,55],{"class":47},[33,163069,91],{"class":79},[33,163071,7827],{"class":83},[33,163073,80],{"class":79},[33,163075,55],{"class":47},[33,163077,91],{"class":79},[33,163079,15973],{"class":83},[33,163081,80],{"class":79},[33,163083,66],{"class":47},[33,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163087,1071],{"class":39},[33,163089,44],{"class":43},[33,163091,48],{"class":47},[33,163093,46746],{"class":51},[33,163095,55],{"class":47},[33,163097,91],{"class":79},[33,163099,84],{"class":83},[33,163101,80],{"class":79},[33,163103,55],{"class":47},[33,163105,399],{"class":398},[33,163107,66],{"class":47},[33,163109,163110],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163111,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163115,1181],{"class":39},[33,163117,44],{"class":43},[33,163119,9326],{"class":129},[33,163121,133],{"class":47},[33,163123,64365],{"class":156},[33,163125,133],{"class":47},[33,163127,17076],{"class":162},[33,163129,55],{"class":47},[33,163131,4056],{"class":162},[33,163133,733],{"class":47},[33,163135,163136,163138,163140,163142],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163137,157],{"class":156},[33,163139,133],{"class":47},[33,163141,1230],{"class":162},[33,163143,143],{"class":47},[664,163145,163147],{"id":163146},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[23,163149,163151],{"className":25,"code":163150,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[30,163152,163153,163173,163193,163197,163222],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163154,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163156,80634],{"class":39},[33,163158,44],{"class":43},[33,163160,48],{"class":47},[33,163162,538],{"class":51},[33,163164,55],{"class":47},[33,163166,7949],{"class":51},[33,163168,55],{"class":47},[33,163170,7954],{"class":51},[33,163172,66],{"class":47},[33,163174,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163176,80655],{"class":39},[33,163178,44],{"class":43},[33,163180,48],{"class":47},[33,163182,538],{"class":51},[33,163184,55],{"class":47},[33,163186,1196],{"class":51},[33,163188,55],{"class":47},[33,163190,7954],{"class":51},[33,163192,66],{"class":47},[33,163194,163195],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163196,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163198,163199,163201,163203,163205,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163200,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163202,57031],{"class":39},[33,163204,55],{"class":47},[33,163206,163207],{"class":39}," b ",[33,163209,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163211,161551],{"class":156},[33,163213,133],{"class":47},[33,163215,111726],{"class":162},[33,163217,55],{"class":47},[33,163219,80698],{"class":162},[33,163221,8498],{"class":47},[33,163223,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163225,8227],{"class":156},[33,163227,133],{"class":47},[33,163229,2729],{"class":162},[33,163231,4854],{"class":43},[33,163233,2734],{"class":162},[33,163235,143],{"class":47},[14,163237,207],{},[23,163239,163241],{"className":25,"code":163240,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[30,163242,163243,163247,163251],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163244,163245],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163246,4148],{"class":398},[33,163248,163249],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163250,4209],{"class":398},[33,163252,163253],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163254,4148],{"class":398},[664,163256,163258],{"id":163257},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[23,163260,163262],{"className":25,"code":163261,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[30,163263,163264,163299,163322,163326,163353],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163265,163266,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283,163286,163288,163290,163292,163295,163297],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163267,163268],{"class":39},"products ",[33,163270,44],{"class":43},[33,163272,48],{"class":47},[33,163274,80],{"class":79},[33,163276,25294],{"class":83},[33,163278,80],{"class":79},[33,163280,55],{"class":47},[33,163282,91],{"class":79},[33,163284,163285],{"class":83},"Pen",[33,163287,80],{"class":79},[33,163289,55],{"class":47},[33,163291,91],{"class":79},[33,163293,163294],{"class":83},"Bag",[33,163296,80],{"class":79},[33,163298,66],{"class":47},[33,163300,163301,163303,163305,163307,163310,163312,163315,163317,163320],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163302,83024],{"class":39},[33,163304,44],{"class":43},[33,163306,48],{"class":47},[33,163308,163309],{"class":51},"12.5",[33,163311,55],{"class":47},[33,163313,163314],{"class":51}," 1.2",[33,163316,55],{"class":47},[33,163318,163319],{"class":51}," 25.0",[33,163321,66],{"class":47},[33,163323,163324],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163325,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163327,163328,163330,163332,163334,163337,163339,163341,163343,163346,163348,163351],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163329,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163331,25355],{"class":39},[33,163333,55],{"class":47},[33,163335,163336],{"class":39}," price ",[33,163338,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163340,161551],{"class":156},[33,163342,133],{"class":47},[33,163344,163345],{"class":162},"products",[33,163347,55],{"class":47},[33,163349,163350],{"class":162}," prices",[33,163352,8498],{"class":47},[33,163354,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163356,8227],{"class":156},[33,163358,133],{"class":47},[33,163360,22448],{"class":1430},[33,163362,80],{"class":83},[33,163364,9432],{"class":51},[33,163366,27161],{"class":162},[33,163368,22457],{"class":51},[33,163370,163371],{"class":83}," costs $",[33,163373,9432],{"class":51},[33,163375,25303],{"class":162},[33,163377,22457],{"class":51},[33,163379,80],{"class":83},[33,163381,143],{"class":47},[14,163383,36755,163384,310],{},[273,163385,163387],{"href":163386},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[18,163389,163391,163392],{"id":163390},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[30,163393,64295],{},[664,163395,1487,163397,163399],{"id":163396},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[30,163398,64295],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163401,163402,163404],{},[30,163403,64295],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163406,163407],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[23,163409,163411],{"className":25,"code":163410,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[30,163412,163413],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163414,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163416,157],{"class":156},[33,163418,133],{"class":47},[33,163420,726],{"class":156},[33,163422,133],{"class":47},[33,163424,111726],{"class":162},[33,163426,9388],{"class":47},[33,163428,38540],{"class":156},[33,163430,133],{"class":47},[33,163432,80921],{"class":162},[33,163434,733],{"class":47},[664,163436,163438],{"id":163437},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163440,68812],{},[23,163442,163444],{"className":25,"code":163443,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[30,163445,163446,163482,163486,163499,163509,163513,163525],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163447,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163449,9370],{"class":39},[33,163451,44],{"class":43},[33,163453,161551],{"class":156},[33,163455,3162],{"class":47},[33,163457,52],{"class":51},[33,163459,55],{"class":47},[33,163461,58],{"class":51},[33,163463,18215],{"class":47},[33,163465,48],{"class":47},[33,163467,80],{"class":79},[33,163469,273],{"class":83},[33,163471,80],{"class":79},[33,163473,55],{"class":47},[33,163475,91],{"class":79},[33,163477,282],{"class":83},[33,163479,80],{"class":79},[33,163481,4059],{"class":47},[33,163483,163484],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163485,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163487,163488,163490,163492,163494,163497],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163489,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163491,6120],{"class":39},[33,163493,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163495,163496],{"class":39}," pairs",[33,163498,6553],{"class":47},[33,163500,163501,163503,163505,163507],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163502,8227],{"class":156},[33,163504,133],{"class":47},[33,163506,23464],{"class":162},[33,163508,143],{"class":47},[33,163510,163511],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163512,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163514,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523],{"class":35,"line":153},[33,163516,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163518,6120],{"class":39},[33,163520,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163522,163496],{"class":39},[33,163524,6553],{"class":47},[33,163526,163527,163529,163531,163533],{"class":35,"line":168},[33,163528,8227],{"class":156},[33,163530,133],{"class":47},[33,163532,23464],{"class":162},[33,163534,143],{"class":47},[14,163536,163537],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[664,163539,163541],{"id":163540},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163543,163544],{},"This is correct:",[23,163546,163548],{"className":25,"code":163547,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[30,163549,163550,163574,163590,163594,163618],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163551,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163553,72],{"class":39},[33,163555,44],{"class":43},[33,163557,48],{"class":47},[33,163559,80],{"class":79},[33,163561,84],{"class":83},[33,163563,80],{"class":79},[33,163565,55],{"class":47},[33,163567,91],{"class":79},[33,163569,94],{"class":83},[33,163571,80],{"class":79},[33,163573,66],{"class":47},[33,163575,163576,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163577,5228],{"class":39},[33,163579,44],{"class":43},[33,163581,48],{"class":47},[33,163583,13656],{"class":51},[33,163585,55],{"class":47},[33,163587,13661],{"class":51},[33,163589,66],{"class":47},[33,163591,163592],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163593,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163595,163596,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612,163614,163616],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163597,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163599,36147],{"class":39},[33,163601,55],{"class":47},[33,163603,5270],{"class":39},[33,163605,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163607,161551],{"class":156},[33,163609,133],{"class":47},[33,163611,175],{"class":162},[33,163613,55],{"class":47},[33,163615,5275],{"class":162},[33,163617,8498],{"class":47},[33,163619,163620,163622,163624,163626,163628,163630],{"class":35,"line":146},[33,163621,8227],{"class":156},[33,163623,133],{"class":47},[33,163625,7827],{"class":162},[33,163627,55],{"class":47},[33,163629,130839],{"class":162},[33,163631,143],{"class":47},[14,163633,163634],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[23,163636,163638],{"className":25,"code":163637,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[30,163639,163640,163660],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163641,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650,163652,163654,163656,163658],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163643,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163645,6120],{"class":39},[33,163647,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163649,161551],{"class":156},[33,163651,133],{"class":47},[33,163653,175],{"class":162},[33,163655,55],{"class":47},[33,163657,5275],{"class":162},[33,163659,8498],{"class":47},[33,163661,163662,163664,163666,163668],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163663,8227],{"class":156},[33,163665,133],{"class":47},[33,163667,23464],{"class":162},[33,163669,143],{"class":47},[14,163671,207],{},[23,163673,163675],{"className":25,"code":163674,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[30,163676,163677,163693],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163678,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163680,133],{"class":47},[33,163682,236],{"class":79},[33,163684,84],{"class":83},[33,163686,236],{"class":79},[33,163688,55],{"class":47},[33,163690,20051],{"class":51},[33,163692,143],{"class":47},[33,163694,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163696,133],{"class":47},[33,163698,236],{"class":79},[33,163700,94],{"class":83},[33,163702,236],{"class":79},[33,163704,55],{"class":47},[33,163706,13661],{"class":51},[33,163708,143],{"class":47},[14,163710,163711],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[664,163713,1357,163715,163717,163718],{"id":163714},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[30,163716,64295],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[30,163719,35906],{},[14,163721,672,163722,163724],{},[30,163723,64295],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163726,672,163727,163729],{},[30,163728,35906],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[23,163731,163732],{"className":25,"code":36075,"language":27,"meta":28,"style":28},[30,163733,163734,163766,163770,163790],{"__ignoreMap":28},[33,163735,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746,163748,163750,163752,163754,163756,163758,163760,163762,163764],{"class":35,"line":36},[33,163737,72],{"class":39},[33,163739,44],{"class":43},[33,163741,48],{"class":47},[33,163743,80],{"class":79},[33,163745,84],{"class":83},[33,163747,80],{"class":79},[33,163749,55],{"class":47},[33,163751,91],{"class":79},[33,163753,94],{"class":83},[33,163755,80],{"class":79},[33,163757,55],{"class":47},[33,163759,91],{"class":79},[33,163761,103],{"class":83},[33,163763,80],{"class":79},[33,163765,66],{"class":47},[33,163767,163768],{"class":35,"line":69},[33,163769,150],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":149},[33,163771,163772,163774,163776,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786,163788],{"class":35,"line":110},[33,163773,6117],{"class":4046},[33,163775,35978],{"class":39},[33,163777,55],{"class":47},[33,163779,36124],{"class":39},[33,163781,4053],{"class":4046},[33,163783,35988],{"class":156},[33,163785,133],{"class":47},[33,163787,175],{"class":162},[33,163789,8498],{"class":47},[33,163791,163792,163794,163796,163798,163800,163802],{"class":35,"line":121},[33,163793,8227],{"class":156},[33,163795,133],{"class":47},[33,163797,36003],{"class":162},[33,163799,55],{"class":47},[33,163801,36147],{"class":162},[33,163803,143],{"class":47},[14,163805,163806,163807,310],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[273,163808,2076,163809,3683],{"href":91999},[30,163810,35906],{},[18,163812,1961],{"id":1960},[664,163814,2007,163816,5309],{"id":163815},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[30,163817,64295],{},[14,163819,163820],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[664,163822,12857,163824,163826],{"id":163823},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[30,163825,64295],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163828,163829],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[664,163831,163833,163834,2033],{"id":163832},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[30,163835,64295],{},[14,163837,163838,163839,310],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[30,163840,162446],{},[664,163842,163844,163845,2033],{"id":163843},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[30,163846,64295],{},[14,163848,128204,163849,163851],{},[30,163850,162599],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[664,163853,163855],{"id":163854},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163857,163858],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[18,163860,2045],{"id":2044},[316,163862,163863,163868,163874,163878,163882],{},[319,163864,163865],{},[273,163866,163867],{"href":163386},"How to use zip in Python",[319,163869,163870],{},[273,163871,2076,163872,3683],{"href":91999},[30,163873,35906],{},[319,163875,163876],{},[273,163877,5380],{"href":5745},[319,163879,163880],{},[273,163881,69665],{"href":69588},[319,163883,163884],{},[273,163885,32415],{"href":31240},[2097,163887,163888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":28,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":163890},[163891,163892,163894,163895,163896,163897,163905,163911,163920,163931],{"id":2179,"depth":69,"text":2180},{"id":161610,"depth":69,"text":163893},"What zip() does",{"id":2333,"depth":69,"text":2334},{"id":162003,"depth":69,"text":162004},{"id":162180,"depth":69,"text":162181},{"id":162432,"depth":69,"text":163898,"children":163899},"Converting zip() output",[163900,163902,163904],{"id":162443,"depth":110,"text":163901},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162596,"depth":110,"text":163903},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162766,"depth":110,"text":162767},{"id":41198,"depth":69,"text":41199,"children":163906},[163907,163908,163909,163910],{"id":162928,"depth":110,"text":162929},{"id":163045,"depth":110,"text":163046},{"id":163146,"depth":110,"text":163147},{"id":163257,"depth":110,"text":163258},{"id":163390,"depth":69,"text":163912,"children":163913},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163914,163916,163917,163918],{"id":163396,"depth":110,"text":163915},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163437,"depth":110,"text":163438},{"id":163540,"depth":110,"text":163541},{"id":163714,"depth":110,"text":163919},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1960,"depth":69,"text":1961,"children":163921},[163922,163924,163926,163928,163930],{"id":163815,"depth":110,"text":163923},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163823,"depth":110,"text":163925},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163832,"depth":110,"text":163927},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163843,"depth":110,"text":163929},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163854,"depth":110,"text":163855},{"id":2044,"depth":69,"text":2045},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161452,"description":163932},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945056545]