[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163728},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method":3,"nav-reference":1927},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1920,"extension":1921,"meta":1922,"navigation":98,"path":1923,"seo":1924,"stem":1925,"__hash__":1926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1875},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,142,148,155,160,179,185,189,210,217,220,247,251,256,359,362,384,390,403,412,419,426,485,491,550,553,565,579,586,591,595,656,659,663,724,727,731,790,805,809,866,869,873,880,886,951,954,1015,1018,1074,1080,1084,1089,1096,1159,1164,1174,1230,1240,1244,1306,1315,1373,1377,1413,1419,1431,1434,1495,1511,1514,1635,1641,1646,1657,1660,1742,1754,1758,1765,1770,1779,1787,1794,1797,1803,1806,1812,1818,1822,1862,1871],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-list-extend-method","Python List ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"extend()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"list.extend()"," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,27,28],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n","python","",[15,42,43,73,93,100,122,135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,67,70],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","numbers ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," [",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"srdBf","1",[44,65,66],{"class":58},",",[44,68,69],{"class":62}," 2",[44,71,72],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,74,76,79,81,83,86,88,91],{"class":46,"line":75},2,[44,77,78],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,80,55],{"class":54},[44,82,59],{"class":58},[44,84,85],{"class":62},"3",[44,87,66],{"class":58},[44,89,90],{"class":62}," 4",[44,92,72],{"class":58},[44,94,96],{"class":46,"line":95},3,[44,97,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},true,"\n",[44,101,103,106,109,113,116,119],{"class":46,"line":102},4,[44,104,105],{"class":50},"numbers",[44,107,108],{"class":58},".",[44,110,112],{"class":111},"slqww","extend",[44,114,115],{"class":58},"(",[44,117,118],{"class":111},"more_numbers",[44,120,121],{"class":58},")\n",[44,123,125,129,131,133],{"class":46,"line":124},5,[44,126,128],{"class":127},"sptTA","print",[44,130,115],{"class":58},[44,132,105],{"class":111},[44,134,121],{"class":58},[44,136,138],{"class":46,"line":137},6,[44,139,141],{"class":140},"sutJx","# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,143,144,145,147],{},"Use ",[15,146,17],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,149,151,152,154],{"id":150},"what-listextend-does","What ",[15,153,24],{}," does",[20,156,157,159],{},[15,158,17],{},":",[161,162,163,167,170,173],"ul",{},[164,165,166],"li",{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[164,168,169],{},"Changes the original list in place",[164,171,172],{},"Does not create a new list",[164,174,175,176],{},"Returns ",[15,177,178],{},"None",[20,180,181,182,184],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,183,17],{}," updates the list you already have.",[30,186,188],{"id":187},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[35,190,192],{"className":37,"code":191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,193,194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,195,196,199,201,203,205,208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,197,198],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,200,108],{"class":58},[44,202,112],{"class":111},[44,204,115],{"class":58},[44,206,207],{"class":111},"iterable",[44,209,121],{"class":58},[20,211,212,213,216],{},"The argument must be an ",[214,215,207],"strong",{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,218,219],{},"Common iterables include:",[161,221,222,227,232,237,242],{},[164,223,224],{},[15,225,226],{},"list",[164,228,229],{},[15,230,231],{},"tuple",[164,233,234],{},[15,235,236],{},"set",[164,238,239],{},[15,240,241],{},"string",[164,243,244],{},[15,245,246],{},"range",[30,248,250],{"id":249},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,252,253,254,159],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,255,17],{},[35,257,259],{"className":37,"code":258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,260,261,292,319,323,339,343,353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,262,263,266,268,270,274,278,280,282,285,288,290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,264,265],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,267,55],{"class":54},[44,269,59],{"class":58},[44,271,273],{"class":272},"sjJ54","\"",[44,275,277],{"class":276},"s_sjI","apple",[44,279,273],{"class":272},[44,281,66],{"class":58},[44,283,284],{"class":272}," \"",[44,286,287],{"class":276},"banana",[44,289,273],{"class":272},[44,291,72],{"class":58},[44,293,294,297,299,301,303,306,308,310,312,315,317],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,295,296],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,298,55],{"class":54},[44,300,59],{"class":58},[44,302,273],{"class":272},[44,304,305],{"class":276},"orange",[44,307,273],{"class":272},[44,309,66],{"class":58},[44,311,284],{"class":272},[44,313,314],{"class":276},"grape",[44,316,273],{"class":272},[44,318,72],{"class":58},[44,320,321],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,322,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,324,325,328,330,332,334,337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,326,327],{"class":50},"fruits",[44,329,108],{"class":58},[44,331,112],{"class":111},[44,333,115],{"class":58},[44,335,336],{"class":111},"more_fruits",[44,338,121],{"class":58},[44,340,341],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,342,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,344,345,347,349,351],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,346,128],{"class":127},[44,348,115],{"class":58},[44,350,327],{"class":111},[44,352,121],{"class":58},[44,354,356],{"class":46,"line":355},7,[44,357,358],{"class":140},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,360,361],{},"What happens here:",[161,363,364,369,374],{},[164,365,366,368],{},[15,367,327],{}," starts with two items",[164,370,371,373],{},[15,372,336],{}," has two more items",[164,375,376,378,379,381,382],{},[15,377,17],{}," adds each item from ",[15,380,336],{}," to ",[15,383,327],{},[20,385,386,387,389],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,388,327],{}," contains all four items.",[20,391,392,393,398,399,108],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[394,395,397],"a",{"href":396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained for beginners"," and ",[394,400,402],{"href":401},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python",[30,404,406,408,409],{"id":405},"extend-vs-append",[15,407,17],{}," vs ",[15,410,411],{},"append()",[20,413,414,398,416,418],{},[15,415,17],{},[15,417,411],{}," are often confused.",[420,421,423,425],"h3",{"id":422},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,424,17],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,427,429],{"className":37,"code":428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,430,431,447,467,471,481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,432,433,435,437,439,441,443,445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,434,51],{"class":50},[44,436,55],{"class":54},[44,438,59],{"class":58},[44,440,63],{"class":62},[44,442,66],{"class":58},[44,444,69],{"class":62},[44,446,72],{"class":58},[44,448,449,451,453,455,458,460,462,464],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,450,105],{"class":50},[44,452,108],{"class":58},[44,454,112],{"class":111},[44,456,457],{"class":58},"([",[44,459,85],{"class":62},[44,461,66],{"class":58},[44,463,90],{"class":62},[44,465,466],{"class":58},"])\n",[44,468,469],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,470,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,472,473,475,477,479],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,474,128],{"class":127},[44,476,115],{"class":58},[44,478,105],{"class":111},[44,480,121],{"class":58},[44,482,483],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,484,141],{"class":140},[420,486,488,490],{"id":487},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,489,411],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,492,494],{"className":37,"code":493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,495,496,512,531,535,545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,497,498,500,502,504,506,508,510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,499,51],{"class":50},[44,501,55],{"class":54},[44,503,59],{"class":58},[44,505,63],{"class":62},[44,507,66],{"class":58},[44,509,69],{"class":62},[44,511,72],{"class":58},[44,513,514,516,518,521,523,525,527,529],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,515,105],{"class":50},[44,517,108],{"class":58},[44,519,520],{"class":111},"append",[44,522,457],{"class":58},[44,524,85],{"class":62},[44,526,66],{"class":58},[44,528,90],{"class":62},[44,530,466],{"class":58},[44,532,533],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,534,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,536,537,539,541,543],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,538,128],{"class":127},[44,540,115],{"class":58},[44,542,105],{"class":111},[44,544,121],{"class":58},[44,546,547],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,548,549],{"class":140},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,551,552],{},"Use:",[161,554,555,560],{},[164,556,557,559],{},[15,558,17],{}," to combine values",[164,561,562,564],{},[15,563,411],{}," to add one item",[20,566,567,568,398,575,108],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[394,569,571,572,574],{"href":570},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F","Python list ",[15,573,411],{}," method",[394,576,578],{"href":577},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,580,582,583,585],{"id":581},"using-extend-with-different-iterables","Using ",[15,584,17],{}," with different iterables",[20,587,588,590],{},[15,589,17],{}," works with more than just lists.",[420,592,594],{"id":593},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,596,598],{"className":37,"code":597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,599,600,617,638,642,652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,601,602,605,607,609,611,613,615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,603,604],{"class":50},"values ",[44,606,55],{"class":54},[44,608,59],{"class":58},[44,610,63],{"class":62},[44,612,66],{"class":58},[44,614,69],{"class":62},[44,616,72],{"class":58},[44,618,619,622,624,626,629,631,633,635],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,620,621],{"class":50},"values",[44,623,108],{"class":58},[44,625,112],{"class":111},[44,627,628],{"class":58},"((",[44,630,85],{"class":62},[44,632,66],{"class":58},[44,634,90],{"class":62},[44,636,637],{"class":58},"))\n",[44,639,640],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,641,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,643,644,646,648,650],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,645,128],{"class":127},[44,647,115],{"class":58},[44,649,621],{"class":111},[44,651,121],{"class":58},[44,653,654],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,655,141],{"class":140},[20,657,658],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[420,660,662],{"id":661},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,664,666],{"className":37,"code":665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,667,668,685,705,709,719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,669,670,673,675,677,679,681,683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,671,672],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,674,55],{"class":54},[44,676,59],{"class":58},[44,678,273],{"class":272},[44,680,394],{"class":276},[44,682,273],{"class":272},[44,684,72],{"class":58},[44,686,687,690,692,694,696,698,701,703],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,688,689],{"class":50},"letters",[44,691,108],{"class":58},[44,693,112],{"class":111},[44,695,115],{"class":58},[44,697,273],{"class":272},[44,699,700],{"class":276},"bc",[44,702,273],{"class":272},[44,704,121],{"class":58},[44,706,707],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,708,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,710,711,713,715,717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,712,128],{"class":127},[44,714,115],{"class":58},[44,716,689],{"class":111},[44,718,121],{"class":58},[44,720,721],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,722,723],{"class":140},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,725,726],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[420,728,730],{"id":729},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,732,734],{"className":37,"code":733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,735,736,749,771,775,785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,737,738,740,742,744,747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,739,51],{"class":50},[44,741,55],{"class":54},[44,743,59],{"class":58},[44,745,746],{"class":62},"0",[44,748,72],{"class":58},[44,750,751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765,767,769],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,752,105],{"class":50},[44,754,108],{"class":58},[44,756,112],{"class":111},[44,758,115],{"class":58},[44,760,246],{"class":127},[44,762,115],{"class":58},[44,764,63],{"class":62},[44,766,66],{"class":58},[44,768,90],{"class":62},[44,770,637],{"class":58},[44,772,773],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,774,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,776,777,779,781,783],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,778,128],{"class":127},[44,780,115],{"class":58},[44,782,105],{"class":111},[44,784,121],{"class":58},[44,786,787],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,788,789],{"class":140},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,791,792,795,796,798,799,802,803,108],{},[15,793,794],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,797,63],{},", ",[15,800,801],{},"2",", and ",[15,804,85],{},[420,806,808],{"id":807},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,810,812],{"className":37,"code":811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,813,814,831,852,856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,815,816,819,821,823,825,827,829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,817,818],{"class":50},"items ",[44,820,55],{"class":54},[44,822,59],{"class":58},[44,824,63],{"class":62},[44,826,66],{"class":58},[44,828,69],{"class":62},[44,830,72],{"class":58},[44,832,833,836,838,840,843,845,847,849],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,834,835],{"class":50},"items",[44,837,108],{"class":58},[44,839,112],{"class":111},[44,841,842],{"class":58},"({",[44,844,85],{"class":62},[44,846,66],{"class":58},[44,848,90],{"class":62},[44,850,851],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,853,854],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,855,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,857,858,860,862,864],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,859,128],{"class":127},[44,861,115],{"class":58},[44,863,835],{"class":111},[44,865,121],{"class":58},[20,867,868],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,870,872],{"id":871},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,874,875,877,878,108],{},[15,876,17],{}," returns ",[15,879,178],{},[20,881,882,883,159],{},"That means this is ",[214,884,885],{},"wrong",[35,887,889],{"className":37,"code":888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,890,891,907,931,935,946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,892,893,895,897,899,901,903,905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,894,51],{"class":50},[44,896,55],{"class":54},[44,898,59],{"class":58},[44,900,63],{"class":62},[44,902,66],{"class":58},[44,904,69],{"class":62},[44,906,72],{"class":58},[44,908,909,912,914,917,919,921,923,925,927,929],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,910,911],{"class":50},"result ",[44,913,55],{"class":54},[44,915,916],{"class":50}," numbers",[44,918,108],{"class":58},[44,920,112],{"class":111},[44,922,457],{"class":58},[44,924,85],{"class":62},[44,926,66],{"class":58},[44,928,90],{"class":62},[44,930,466],{"class":58},[44,932,933],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,934,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,936,937,939,941,944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,938,128],{"class":127},[44,940,115],{"class":58},[44,942,943],{"class":111},"result",[44,945,121],{"class":58},[44,947,948],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,949,950],{"class":140},"# None\n",[20,952,953],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,955,957],{"className":37,"code":956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,958,959,975,997,1001,1011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,960,961,963,965,967,969,971,973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,962,51],{"class":50},[44,964,55],{"class":54},[44,966,59],{"class":58},[44,968,63],{"class":62},[44,970,66],{"class":58},[44,972,69],{"class":62},[44,974,72],{"class":58},[44,976,977,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,978,51],{"class":50},[44,980,55],{"class":54},[44,982,916],{"class":50},[44,984,108],{"class":58},[44,986,112],{"class":111},[44,988,457],{"class":58},[44,990,85],{"class":62},[44,992,66],{"class":58},[44,994,90],{"class":62},[44,996,466],{"class":58},[44,998,999],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1000,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1002,1003,1005,1007,1009],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1004,128],{"class":127},[44,1006,115],{"class":58},[44,1008,105],{"class":111},[44,1010,121],{"class":58},[44,1012,1013],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1014,950],{"class":140},[20,1016,1017],{},"The correct way is:",[35,1019,1020],{"className":37,"code":428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1021,1022,1038,1056,1060,1070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1023,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1025,51],{"class":50},[44,1027,55],{"class":54},[44,1029,59],{"class":58},[44,1031,63],{"class":62},[44,1033,66],{"class":58},[44,1035,69],{"class":62},[44,1037,72],{"class":58},[44,1039,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1041,105],{"class":50},[44,1043,108],{"class":58},[44,1045,112],{"class":111},[44,1047,457],{"class":58},[44,1049,85],{"class":62},[44,1051,66],{"class":58},[44,1053,90],{"class":62},[44,1055,466],{"class":58},[44,1057,1058],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1059,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1061,1062,1064,1066,1068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1063,128],{"class":127},[44,1065,115],{"class":58},[44,1067,105],{"class":111},[44,1069,121],{"class":58},[44,1071,1072],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1073,141],{"class":140},[20,1075,1076,1077,1079],{},"Call ",[15,1078,17],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,1081,1083],{"id":1082},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1085,1086,1087,108],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1088,17],{},[420,1090,1092,1093,1095],{"id":1091},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,1094,17],{}," to return a new list",[35,1097,1099],{"className":37,"code":1098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,1100,1101,1117,1140,1144,1155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1102,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1104,51],{"class":50},[44,1106,55],{"class":54},[44,1108,59],{"class":58},[44,1110,63],{"class":62},[44,1112,66],{"class":58},[44,1114,69],{"class":62},[44,1116,72],{"class":58},[44,1118,1119,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1120,1121],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,1123,55],{"class":54},[44,1125,916],{"class":50},[44,1127,108],{"class":58},[44,1129,112],{"class":111},[44,1131,457],{"class":58},[44,1133,85],{"class":62},[44,1135,66],{"class":58},[44,1137,90],{"class":62},[44,1139,466],{"class":58},[44,1141,1142],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1143,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1145,1146,1148,1150,1153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1147,128],{"class":127},[44,1149,115],{"class":58},[44,1151,1152],{"class":111},"new_numbers",[44,1154,121],{"class":58},[44,1156,1157],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1158,950],{"class":140},[20,1160,1161,1162,108],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,1163,17],{},[420,1165,1167,1168,1170,1171,1173],{"id":1166},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,1169,411],{}," when ",[15,1172,17],{}," is needed",[35,1175,1176],{"className":37,"code":493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,1177,1178,1194,1212,1216,1226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1179,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1181,51],{"class":50},[44,1183,55],{"class":54},[44,1185,59],{"class":58},[44,1187,63],{"class":62},[44,1189,66],{"class":58},[44,1191,69],{"class":62},[44,1193,72],{"class":58},[44,1195,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1197,105],{"class":50},[44,1199,108],{"class":58},[44,1201,520],{"class":111},[44,1203,457],{"class":58},[44,1205,85],{"class":62},[44,1207,66],{"class":58},[44,1209,90],{"class":62},[44,1211,466],{"class":58},[44,1213,1214],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1215,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1217,1218,1220,1222,1224],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1219,128],{"class":127},[44,1221,115],{"class":58},[44,1223,105],{"class":111},[44,1225,121],{"class":58},[44,1227,1228],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1229,549],{"class":140},[20,1231,1232,1233,1236,1237,1239],{},"If you wanted ",[15,1234,1235],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,1238,17],{}," instead.",[420,1241,1243],{"id":1242},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,1245,1247],{"className":37,"code":1246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,1248,1249,1267,1287,1291,1301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1250,1251,1254,1256,1258,1260,1263,1265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1252,1253],{"class":50},"words ",[44,1255,55],{"class":54},[44,1257,59],{"class":58},[44,1259,273],{"class":272},[44,1261,1262],{"class":276},"hello",[44,1264,273],{"class":272},[44,1266,72],{"class":58},[44,1268,1269,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1283,1285],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1270,1271],{"class":50},"words",[44,1273,108],{"class":58},[44,1275,112],{"class":111},[44,1277,115],{"class":58},[44,1279,273],{"class":272},[44,1281,1282],{"class":276},"world",[44,1284,273],{"class":272},[44,1286,121],{"class":58},[44,1288,1289],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1290,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1294,128],{"class":127},[44,1296,115],{"class":58},[44,1298,1271],{"class":111},[44,1300,121],{"class":58},[44,1302,1303],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1304,1305],{"class":140},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,1307,1308,1309,1312,1313,159],{},"If you want ",[15,1310,1311],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,1314,411],{},[35,1316,1318],{"className":37,"code":1317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,1319,1320,1336,1354,1358,1368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1321,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1323,1253],{"class":50},[44,1325,55],{"class":54},[44,1327,59],{"class":58},[44,1329,273],{"class":272},[44,1331,1262],{"class":276},[44,1333,273],{"class":272},[44,1335,72],{"class":58},[44,1337,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1339,1271],{"class":50},[44,1341,108],{"class":58},[44,1343,520],{"class":111},[44,1345,115],{"class":58},[44,1347,273],{"class":272},[44,1349,1282],{"class":276},[44,1351,273],{"class":272},[44,1353,121],{"class":58},[44,1355,1356],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1357,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1359,1360,1362,1364,1366],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1361,128],{"class":127},[44,1363,115],{"class":58},[44,1365,1271],{"class":111},[44,1367,121],{"class":58},[44,1369,1370],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1371,1372],{"class":140},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[420,1374,1376],{"id":1375},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,1378,1380],{"className":37,"code":1379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,1381,1382,1398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1385,51],{"class":50},[44,1387,55],{"class":54},[44,1389,59],{"class":58},[44,1391,63],{"class":62},[44,1393,66],{"class":58},[44,1395,69],{"class":62},[44,1397,72],{"class":58},[44,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1411],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1401,105],{"class":50},[44,1403,108],{"class":58},[44,1405,112],{"class":111},[44,1407,115],{"class":58},[44,1409,1410],{"class":62},"5",[44,1412,121],{"class":58},[20,1414,1415,1416,1418],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,1417,1410],{}," is not iterable.",[20,1420,1421,1422,1425,1426,1430],{},"You will get a ",[15,1423,1424],{},"TypeError",". See ",[394,1427,1429],{"href":1428},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,1432,1433],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,1435,1437],{"className":37,"code":1436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,1438,1439,1450,1466,1479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1440,1441,1443,1445,1448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1442,128],{"class":127},[44,1444,115],{"class":58},[44,1446,1447],{"class":111},"my_list",[44,1449,121],{"class":58},[44,1451,1452,1454,1456,1460,1462,1464],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1453,128],{"class":127},[44,1455,115],{"class":58},[44,1457,1459],{"class":1458},"sZMiF","type",[44,1461,115],{"class":58},[44,1463,621],{"class":111},[44,1465,637],{"class":58},[44,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1477],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1469,128],{"class":127},[44,1471,115],{"class":58},[44,1473,943],{"class":111},[44,1475,1476],{"class":58},")",[44,1478,121],{"class":50},[44,1480,1481,1484,1486,1488,1490,1493],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1482,1483],{"class":127},"help",[44,1485,115],{"class":58},[44,1487,226],{"class":1458},[44,1489,108],{"class":58},[44,1491,112],{"class":1492},"skxfh",[44,1494,121],{"class":58},[1496,1497,1498],"blockquote",{},[20,1499,1500,1501,1504,1505,1507,1508,108],{},"Note: ",[15,1502,1503],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,1506,1476],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,1509,1510],{},"print(result)",[20,1512,1513],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,1515,1517],{"className":37,"code":1516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,1518,1519,1536,1552,1556,1570,1574,1584,1594,1609,1620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1520,1521,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1522,1523],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,1525,55],{"class":54},[44,1527,59],{"class":58},[44,1529,63],{"class":62},[44,1531,66],{"class":58},[44,1533,69],{"class":62},[44,1535,72],{"class":58},[44,1537,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1539,604],{"class":50},[44,1541,55],{"class":54},[44,1543,59],{"class":58},[44,1545,85],{"class":62},[44,1547,66],{"class":58},[44,1549,90],{"class":62},[44,1551,72],{"class":58},[44,1553,1554],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1555,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1557,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1559,1447],{"class":50},[44,1561,108],{"class":58},[44,1563,112],{"class":111},[44,1565,115],{"class":58},[44,1567,621],{"class":111},[44,1569,121],{"class":58},[44,1571,1572],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1573,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1575,1576,1578,1580],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,1577,911],{"class":50},[44,1579,55],{"class":54},[44,1581,1583],{"class":1582},"s39Yj"," None\n",[44,1585,1586,1588,1590,1592],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,1587,128],{"class":127},[44,1589,115],{"class":58},[44,1591,1447],{"class":111},[44,1593,121],{"class":58},[44,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607],{"class":46,"line":1596},8,[44,1598,128],{"class":127},[44,1600,115],{"class":58},[44,1602,1459],{"class":1458},[44,1604,115],{"class":58},[44,1606,621],{"class":111},[44,1608,637],{"class":58},[44,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618],{"class":46,"line":1611},9,[44,1613,128],{"class":127},[44,1615,115],{"class":58},[44,1617,943],{"class":111},[44,1619,121],{"class":58},[44,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633],{"class":46,"line":1622},10,[44,1624,1483],{"class":127},[44,1626,115],{"class":58},[44,1628,226],{"class":1458},[44,1630,108],{"class":58},[44,1632,112],{"class":1492},[44,1634,121],{"class":58},[30,1636,1638,1639],{"id":1637},"when-to-use-extend","When to use ",[15,1640,17],{},[20,1642,144,1643,1645],{},[15,1644,17],{}," when you want to:",[161,1647,1648,1651,1654],{},[164,1649,1650],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[164,1652,1653],{},"Add multiple values at once",[164,1655,1656],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,1658,1659],{},"For example:",[35,1661,1663],{"className":37,"code":1662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,1664,1665,1684,1703,1707,1723,1727,1737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1666,1667,1670,1672,1674,1677,1679,1682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1668,1669],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,1671,55],{"class":54},[44,1673,59],{"class":58},[44,1675,1676],{"class":62},"90",[44,1678,66],{"class":58},[44,1680,1681],{"class":62}," 85",[44,1683,72],{"class":58},[44,1685,1686,1689,1691,1693,1696,1698,1701],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1687,1688],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,1690,55],{"class":54},[44,1692,59],{"class":58},[44,1694,1695],{"class":62},"88",[44,1697,66],{"class":58},[44,1699,1700],{"class":62}," 92",[44,1702,72],{"class":58},[44,1704,1705],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,1706,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1708,1709,1712,1714,1716,1718,1721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1710,1711],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,1713,108],{"class":58},[44,1715,112],{"class":111},[44,1717,115],{"class":58},[44,1719,1720],{"class":111},"new_scores",[44,1722,121],{"class":58},[44,1724,1725],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,1726,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,1728,1729,1731,1733,1735],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,1730,128],{"class":127},[44,1732,115],{"class":58},[44,1734,1711],{"class":111},[44,1736,121],{"class":58},[44,1738,1739],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,1740,1741],{"class":140},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,1743,1744,1745,1747,1748,108],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,1746,411],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[394,1749,571,1751,574],{"href":1750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,1752,1753],{},"insert()",[30,1755,1757],{"id":1756},"faq","FAQ",[420,1759,1761,1762,1764],{"id":1760},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list","Does ",[15,1763,24],{}," return a new list?",[20,1766,1767,1768,108],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,1769,178],{},[420,1771,1773,1774,398,1776,1778],{"id":1772},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append","What is the difference between ",[15,1775,17],{},[15,1777,411],{},"?",[20,1780,1781,1783,1784,1786],{},[15,1782,17],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,1785,411],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[420,1788,1790,1791,1793],{"id":1789},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string","Can I use ",[15,1792,17],{}," with a string?",[20,1795,1796],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[420,1798,1790,1800,1802],{"id":1799},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,1801,17],{}," with a tuple?",[20,1804,1805],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[420,1807,1809,1810,1778],{"id":1808},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,1811,17],{},[20,1813,1814,1815,1817],{},"You get a ",[15,1816,1424],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,1819,1821],{"id":1820},"see-also","See also",[161,1823,1824,1830,1835,1840,1844,1850,1854],{},[164,1825,1826],{},[394,1827,571,1828,574],{"href":570},[15,1829,411],{},[164,1831,1832],{},[394,1833,1834],{"href":577},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[164,1836,1837],{},[394,1838,1839],{"href":401},"Creating a list in Python",[164,1841,1842],{},[394,1843,397],{"href":396},[164,1845,1846],{},[394,1847,571,1848,574],{"href":1750},[15,1849,1753],{},[164,1851,1852],{},[394,1853,1429],{"href":1428},[164,1855,1856],{},[394,1857,571,1859,574],{"href":1858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F",[15,1860,1861],{},"copy()",[20,1863,1864,1865,1867,1868,1870],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,1866,411],{},", when to use ",[15,1869,1753],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1872,1873,1874],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":1876},[1877,1878,1880,1881,1882,1889,1896,1897,1905,1907,1919],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":150,"depth":75,"text":1879},"What list.extend() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":249,"depth":75,"text":250},{"id":405,"depth":75,"text":1883,"children":1884},"extend() vs append()",[1885,1887],{"id":422,"depth":95,"text":1886},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":487,"depth":95,"text":1888},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":581,"depth":75,"text":1890,"children":1891},"Using extend() with different iterables",[1892,1893,1894,1895],{"id":593,"depth":95,"text":594},{"id":661,"depth":95,"text":662},{"id":729,"depth":95,"text":730},{"id":807,"depth":95,"text":808},{"id":871,"depth":75,"text":872},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":1898},[1899,1901,1903,1904],{"id":1091,"depth":95,"text":1900},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":1166,"depth":95,"text":1902},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":1242,"depth":95,"text":1243},{"id":1375,"depth":95,"text":1376},{"id":1637,"depth":75,"text":1906},"When to use extend()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":1908},[1909,1911,1913,1915,1917],{"id":1760,"depth":95,"text":1910},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":1772,"depth":95,"text":1912},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":1789,"depth":95,"text":1914},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":1799,"depth":95,"text":1916},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":1808,"depth":95,"text":1918},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":5,"description":1920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",[1928,3528,5231,6919,9058,11261,12777,14951,17157,19616,21455,24020,26118,28399,30347,32256,34251,35691,37516,40040,42201,43430,44799,46447,48767,50610,52589,54269,55516,57203,58954,60924,62517,64617,65977,67928,69491,71482,73277,75177,77619,79697,82337,84366,86329,88517,90521,92834,94516,95961,97155,98333,100173,102613,104317,106332,107856,109101,110264,111646,113717,115614,117388,119254,121373,123113,124575,126169,128092,129769,131704,133193,135977,137554,139113,141141,143093,144556,145745,147631,149042,150738,152292,153714,155117,157015,159409,161240],{"id":1929,"title":1930,"body":1931,"description":3522,"extension":1921,"meta":3523,"navigation":98,"path":3524,"seo":3525,"stem":3526,"__hash__":3527},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1932,"toc":3494},[1933,1936,1943,1946,1957,1960,1962,2026,2029,2049,2054,2058,2063,2066,2081,2084,2109,2112,2114,2117,2133,2136,2162,2165,2223,2225,2240,2250,2261,2265,2268,2322,2324,2344,2347,2370,2377,2381,2386,2392,2394,2432,2434,2443,2449,2467,2470,2482,2486,2491,2495,2498,2519,2521,2579,2581,2589,2592,2596,2628,2630,2638,2641,2645,2650,2698,2700,2708,2712,2772,2774,2782,2785,2789,2793,2796,2819,2828,2844,2895,2897,2912,2923,2927,2930,2958,2964,2968,2973,3014,3016,3027,3030,3073,3075,3083,3087,3092,3114,3116,3125,3134,3138,3143,3165,3167,3237,3239,3291,3294,3297,3300,3380,3382,3413,3415,3419,3422,3426,3429,3433,3436,3440,3452,3456,3459,3461,3491],[10,1934,1930],{"id":1935},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1937,1938,1939,1942],{},"The ",[15,1940,1941],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1944,1945],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[161,1947,1948,1951,1954],{},[164,1949,1950],{},"a number without its negative sign",[164,1952,1953],{},"the distance between two numbers",[164,1955,1956],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1958,1959],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,1961,33],{"id":32},[35,1963,1965],{"className":37,"code":1964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1966,1967,1986,2001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1968,1969,1971,1973,1976,1978,1981,1984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1970,128],{"class":127},[44,1972,115],{"class":58},[44,1974,1975],{"class":127},"abs",[44,1977,115],{"class":58},[44,1979,1980],{"class":54},"-",[44,1982,1983],{"class":62},"7",[44,1985,637],{"class":58},[44,1987,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1999],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,1989,128],{"class":127},[44,1991,115],{"class":58},[44,1993,1975],{"class":127},[44,1995,115],{"class":58},[44,1997,1998],{"class":62},"3.5",[44,2000,637],{"class":58},[44,2002,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013,2015,2018,2020,2024],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2004,128],{"class":127},[44,2006,115],{"class":58},[44,2008,1975],{"class":127},[44,2010,115],{"class":58},[44,2012,1980],{"class":54},[44,2014,801],{"class":62},[44,2016,2017],{"class":54},"+",[44,2019,85],{"class":62},[44,2021,2023],{"class":2022},"sbsja","j",[44,2025,637],{"class":58},[20,2027,2028],{},"Output:",[35,2030,2032],{"className":37,"code":2031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2033,2034,2039,2044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2035,2036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2037,2038],{"class":62},"7\n",[44,2040,2041],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2042,2043],{"class":62},"3.5\n",[44,2045,2046],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2047,2048],{"class":62},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2050,144,2051,2053],{},[15,2052,1941],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,2055,2057],{"id":2056},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2059,2060,2062],{},[15,2061,1941],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2064,2065],{},"That means:",[161,2067,2068,2071,2074],{},[164,2069,2070],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[164,2072,2073],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[164,2075,2076,2078,2079],{},[15,2077,746],{}," stays ",[15,2080,746],{},[20,2082,2083],{},"Examples:",[161,2085,2086,2094,2102],{},[164,2087,2088,2091,2092],{},[15,2089,2090],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2093,1410],{},[164,2095,2096,2091,2099],{},[15,2097,2098],{},"abs(9)",[15,2100,2101],{},"9",[164,2103,2104,2091,2107],{},[15,2105,2106],{},"abs(0)",[15,2108,746],{},[20,2110,2111],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,2113,188],{"id":187},[20,2115,2116],{},"The syntax is:",[35,2118,2120],{"className":37,"code":2119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,2121,2122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2123,2124,2126,2128,2131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2125,1975],{"class":127},[44,2127,115],{"class":58},[44,2129,2130],{"class":111},"x",[44,2132,121],{"class":58},[20,2134,2135],{},"Here:",[161,2137,2138,2154,2159],{},[164,2139,2140,2142,2143,798,2146,2149,2150,2153],{},[15,2141,2130],{}," is usually an ",[15,2144,2145],{},"int",[15,2147,2148],{},"float",", or ",[15,2151,2152],{},"complex"," number",[164,2155,2156,2158],{},[15,2157,1941],{}," returns a new value",[164,2160,2161],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2163,2164],{},"Example:",[35,2166,2168],{"className":37,"code":2167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2169,2170,2183,2199,2203,2213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2171,2172,2175,2177,2180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2173,2174],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2176,55],{"class":54},[44,2178,2179],{"class":54}," -",[44,2181,2182],{"class":62},"12\n",[44,2184,2185,2187,2189,2192,2194,2197],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2186,911],{"class":50},[44,2188,55],{"class":54},[44,2190,2191],{"class":127}," abs",[44,2193,115],{"class":58},[44,2195,2196],{"class":111},"number",[44,2198,121],{"class":58},[44,2200,2201],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2202,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,2204,2205,2207,2209,2211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2206,128],{"class":127},[44,2208,115],{"class":58},[44,2210,2196],{"class":111},[44,2212,121],{"class":58},[44,2214,2215,2217,2219,2221],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,2216,128],{"class":127},[44,2218,115],{"class":58},[44,2220,943],{"class":111},[44,2222,121],{"class":58},[20,2224,2028],{},[35,2226,2228],{"className":37,"code":2227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2229,2230,2236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2231,2232,2234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2233,1980],{"class":54},[44,2235,2182],{"class":62},[44,2237,2238],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2239,2182],{"class":62},[20,2241,2242,2243,2245,2246,2249],{},"Notice that ",[15,2244,2196],{}," is still ",[15,2247,2248],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2251,2252,2253,2260],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[394,2254,2256,2259],{"href":2255},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2257,2258],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,2262,2264],{"id":2263},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2266,2267],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2269,2271],{"className":37,"code":2270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2272,2273,2290,2305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2274,2275,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2276,128],{"class":127},[44,2278,115],{"class":58},[44,2280,1975],{"class":127},[44,2282,115],{"class":58},[44,2284,1980],{"class":54},[44,2286,2287],{"class":62},"10",[44,2289,637],{"class":58},[44,2291,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2303],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2293,128],{"class":127},[44,2295,115],{"class":58},[44,2297,1975],{"class":127},[44,2299,115],{"class":58},[44,2301,2302],{"class":62},"8",[44,2304,637],{"class":58},[44,2306,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2317,2320],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2308,128],{"class":127},[44,2310,115],{"class":58},[44,2312,1975],{"class":127},[44,2314,115],{"class":58},[44,2316,1980],{"class":54},[44,2318,2319],{"class":62},"4.2",[44,2321,637],{"class":58},[20,2323,2028],{},[35,2325,2327],{"className":37,"code":2326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2328,2329,2334,2339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2330,2331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2332,2333],{"class":62},"10\n",[44,2335,2336],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2337,2338],{"class":62},"8\n",[44,2340,2341],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2342,2343],{"class":62},"4.2\n",[20,2345,2346],{},"What each line does:",[161,2348,2349,2356,2363],{},[164,2350,2351,877,2354],{},[15,2352,2353],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2355,2287],{},[164,2357,2358,877,2361],{},[15,2359,2360],{},"abs(8)",[15,2362,2302],{},[164,2364,2365,877,2368],{},[15,2366,2367],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2369,2319],{},[20,2371,2372,2373,108],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[394,2374,2376],{"href":2375},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2378,2380],{"id":2379},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2382,2383,2385],{},[15,2384,1941],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2387,2388,2389,2391],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2390,746],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2393,2164],{},[35,2395,2397],{"className":37,"code":2396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2398,2399,2417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2400,2401,2404,2406,2409,2412,2414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2402,2403],{"class":50},"value ",[44,2405,55],{"class":54},[44,2407,2408],{"class":62}," 3",[44,2410,2411],{"class":54}," +",[44,2413,90],{"class":62},[44,2415,2416],{"class":2022},"j\n",[44,2418,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2430],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2420,128],{"class":127},[44,2422,115],{"class":58},[44,2424,1975],{"class":127},[44,2426,115],{"class":58},[44,2428,2429],{"class":111},"value",[44,2431,637],{"class":58},[20,2433,2028],{},[35,2435,2437],{"className":37,"code":2436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2438,2439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2440,2441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2442,2436],{"class":62},[20,2444,2445,2446,1778],{},"Why ",[15,2447,2448],{},"5.0",[161,2450,2451,2456,2462],{},[164,2452,2453,2454],{},"the real part is ",[15,2455,85],{},[164,2457,2458,2459],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2460,2461],{},"4",[164,2463,2464,2465],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2466,2448],{},[20,2468,2469],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[161,2471,2472,2479],{},[164,2473,2474,2476,2477],{},[15,2475,1941],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2478,2148],{},[164,2480,2481],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2483,2485],{"id":2484},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2487,2488,2489,108],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2490,1941],{},[420,2492,2494],{"id":2493},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2496,2497],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2499,2501],{"className":37,"code":2500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2502,2503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2504,2505,2507,2509,2512,2514,2517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2506,1975],{"class":127},[44,2508,115],{"class":58},[44,2510,2511],{"class":111},"a ",[44,2513,1980],{"class":54},[44,2515,2516],{"class":111}," b",[44,2518,121],{"class":58},[20,2520,2164],{},[35,2522,2524],{"className":37,"code":2523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2525,2526,2535,2545,2549,2568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2527,2528,2530,2532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2529,2511],{"class":50},[44,2531,55],{"class":54},[44,2533,2534],{"class":62}," 3\n",[44,2536,2537,2540,2542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2538,2539],{"class":50},"b ",[44,2541,55],{"class":54},[44,2543,2544],{"class":62}," 10\n",[44,2546,2547],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2548,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,2550,2551,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2552,2553],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2555,55],{"class":54},[44,2557,2191],{"class":127},[44,2559,115],{"class":58},[44,2561,2511],{"class":111},[44,2563,1980],{"class":54},[44,2565,2516],{"class":111},[44,2567,121],{"class":58},[44,2569,2570,2572,2574,2577],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,2571,128],{"class":127},[44,2573,115],{"class":58},[44,2575,2576],{"class":111},"distance",[44,2578,121],{"class":58},[20,2580,2028],{},[35,2582,2583],{"className":37,"code":2038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2584,2585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2586,2587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2588,2038],{"class":62},[20,2590,2591],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[420,2593,2595],{"id":2594},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2597,2599],{"className":37,"code":2598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2600,2601,2613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2602,2603,2606,2608,2610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2604,2605],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2607,55],{"class":54},[44,2609,2179],{"class":54},[44,2611,2612],{"class":62},"6\n",[44,2614,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2626],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2616,128],{"class":127},[44,2618,115],{"class":58},[44,2620,1975],{"class":127},[44,2622,115],{"class":58},[44,2624,2625],{"class":111},"temperature_change",[44,2627,637],{"class":58},[20,2629,2028],{},[35,2631,2632],{"className":37,"code":2612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2633,2634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2635,2636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2637,2612],{"class":62},[20,2639,2640],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[420,2642,2644],{"id":2643},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2646,2647,2648,2260],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2649,1941],{},[35,2651,2653],{"className":37,"code":2652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2654,2655,2667,2683,2687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2656,2657,2660,2662,2664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2658,2659],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2661,55],{"class":54},[44,2663,2179],{"class":54},[44,2665,2666],{"class":62},"25\n",[44,2668,2669,2672,2674,2676,2678,2681],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2670,2671],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2673,55],{"class":54},[44,2675,2191],{"class":127},[44,2677,115],{"class":58},[44,2679,2680],{"class":111},"balance_change",[44,2682,121],{"class":58},[44,2684,2685],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2686,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,2688,2689,2691,2693,2696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2690,128],{"class":127},[44,2692,115],{"class":58},[44,2694,2695],{"class":111},"safe_value",[44,2697,121],{"class":58},[20,2699,2028],{},[35,2701,2702],{"className":37,"code":2666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2703,2704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2705,2706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2707,2666],{"class":62},[420,2709,2711],{"id":2710},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2713,2715],{"className":37,"code":2714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2716,2717,2727,2737,2741,2761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2718,2719,2722,2724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2720,2721],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2723,55],{"class":54},[44,2725,2726],{"class":62}," 42\n",[44,2728,2729,2732,2734],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2730,2731],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2733,55],{"class":54},[44,2735,2736],{"class":62}," 50\n",[44,2738,2739],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,2740,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,2742,2743,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756,2759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2744,2745],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2747,55],{"class":54},[44,2749,2191],{"class":127},[44,2751,115],{"class":58},[44,2753,2721],{"class":111},[44,2755,1980],{"class":54},[44,2757,2758],{"class":111}," target",[44,2760,121],{"class":58},[44,2762,2763,2765,2767,2770],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,2764,128],{"class":127},[44,2766,115],{"class":58},[44,2768,2769],{"class":111},"difference",[44,2771,121],{"class":58},[20,2773,2028],{},[35,2775,2776],{"className":37,"code":2338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2777,2778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2779,2780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2781,2338],{"class":62},[20,2783,2784],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2786,2788],{"id":2787},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[420,2790,2792],{"id":2791},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2794,2795],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2797,2799],{"className":37,"code":2798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2800,2801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2802,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2804,128],{"class":127},[44,2806,115],{"class":58},[44,2808,1975],{"class":127},[44,2810,115],{"class":58},[44,2812,273],{"class":272},[44,2814,1410],{"class":276},[44,2816,273],{"class":272},[44,2818,637],{"class":58},[20,2820,2821,2824,2825,2827],{},[15,2822,2823],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2826,1941],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2829,2830,2831,2837,2838,159],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[394,2832,2834],{"href":2833},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2835,2836],{},"int()"," or ",[394,2839,2841],{"href":2840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2842,2843],{},"float()",[35,2845,2847],{"className":37,"code":2846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2848,2849,2872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2850,2851,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2852,128],{"class":127},[44,2854,115],{"class":58},[44,2856,1975],{"class":127},[44,2858,115],{"class":58},[44,2860,2145],{"class":1458},[44,2862,115],{"class":58},[44,2864,273],{"class":272},[44,2866,1410],{"class":276},[44,2868,273],{"class":272},[44,2870,2871],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,2873,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886,2888,2891,2893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2875,128],{"class":127},[44,2877,115],{"class":58},[44,2879,1975],{"class":127},[44,2881,115],{"class":58},[44,2883,2148],{"class":1458},[44,2885,115],{"class":58},[44,2887,273],{"class":272},[44,2889,2890],{"class":276},"-3.2",[44,2892,273],{"class":272},[44,2894,2871],{"class":58},[20,2896,2028],{},[35,2898,2900],{"className":37,"code":2899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2901,2902,2907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2903,2904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2905,2906],{"class":62},"5\n",[44,2908,2909],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2910,2911],{"class":62},"3.2\n",[20,2913,2914,2915,2918,2919,108],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2916,2917],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[394,2920,2922],{"href":2921},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[420,2924,2926],{"id":2925},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2928,2929],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2931,2933],{"className":37,"code":2932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2934,2935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2936,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2938,128],{"class":127},[44,2940,115],{"class":58},[44,2942,1975],{"class":127},[44,2944,457],{"class":58},[44,2946,63],{"class":62},[44,2948,66],{"class":58},[44,2950,69],{"class":62},[44,2952,66],{"class":58},[44,2954,2408],{"class":62},[44,2956,2957],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,2959,2960,2961,2963],{},"This raises a ",[15,2962,1424],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[420,2965,2967],{"id":2966},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2969,2970,2972],{},[15,2971,1941],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2974,2976],{"className":37,"code":2975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2977,2978,2990,3000,3004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2979,2980,2983,2985,2987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2981,2982],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2984,55],{"class":54},[44,2986,2179],{"class":54},[44,2988,2989],{"class":62},"9\n",[44,2991,2992,2994,2996,2998],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,2993,1975],{"class":127},[44,2995,115],{"class":58},[44,2997,2130],{"class":111},[44,2999,121],{"class":58},[44,3001,3002],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3003,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,3005,3006,3008,3010,3012],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3007,128],{"class":127},[44,3009,115],{"class":58},[44,3011,2130],{"class":111},[44,3013,121],{"class":58},[20,3015,2028],{},[35,3017,3019],{"className":37,"code":3018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,3020,3021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3022,3023,3025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3024,1980],{"class":54},[44,3026,2989],{"class":62},[20,3028,3029],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,3031,3033],{"className":37,"code":3032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3034,3035,3045,3059,3063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3036,3037,3039,3041,3043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3038,2982],{"class":50},[44,3040,55],{"class":54},[44,3042,2179],{"class":54},[44,3044,2989],{"class":62},[44,3046,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3048,2982],{"class":50},[44,3050,55],{"class":54},[44,3052,2191],{"class":127},[44,3054,115],{"class":58},[44,3056,2130],{"class":111},[44,3058,121],{"class":58},[44,3060,3061],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3062,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,3064,3065,3067,3069,3071],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3066,128],{"class":127},[44,3068,115],{"class":58},[44,3070,2130],{"class":111},[44,3072,121],{"class":58},[20,3074,2028],{},[35,3076,3077],{"className":37,"code":2989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3078,3079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3080,3081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3082,2989],{"class":62},[420,3084,3086],{"id":3085},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3088,3089,3091],{},[15,3090,1941],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,3093,3095],{"className":37,"code":3094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3096,3097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3098,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3100,128],{"class":127},[44,3102,115],{"class":58},[44,3104,1975],{"class":127},[44,3106,115],{"class":58},[44,3108,1980],{"class":54},[44,3110,3111],{"class":62},"4.7",[44,3113,637],{"class":58},[20,3115,2028],{},[35,3117,3119],{"className":37,"code":3118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,3120,3121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3122,3123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3124,3118],{"class":62},[20,3126,3127,3128,3130,3131,3133],{},"If you expected ",[15,3129,1410],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3132,1941],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,3135,3137],{"id":3136},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3139,3140,3142],{},[15,3141,1941],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[161,3144,3145,3152,3159],{},[164,3146,3147,3149,3150],{},[15,3148,2145],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3151,2145],{},[164,3153,3154,3156,3157],{},[15,3155,2148],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3158,2148],{},[164,3160,3161,3156,3163],{},[15,3162,2152],{},[15,3164,2148],{},[20,3166,2164],{},[35,3168,3170],{"className":37,"code":3169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3171,3172,3192,3213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3173,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3175,128],{"class":127},[44,3177,115],{"class":58},[44,3179,1459],{"class":1458},[44,3181,115],{"class":58},[44,3183,1975],{"class":127},[44,3185,115],{"class":58},[44,3187,1980],{"class":54},[44,3189,1410],{"class":62},[44,3191,2871],{"class":58},[44,3193,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3211],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3195,128],{"class":127},[44,3197,115],{"class":58},[44,3199,1459],{"class":1458},[44,3201,115],{"class":58},[44,3203,1975],{"class":127},[44,3205,115],{"class":58},[44,3207,1980],{"class":54},[44,3209,3210],{"class":62},"3.2",[44,3212,2871],{"class":58},[44,3214,3215,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3216,128],{"class":127},[44,3218,115],{"class":58},[44,3220,1459],{"class":1458},[44,3222,115],{"class":58},[44,3224,1975],{"class":127},[44,3226,115],{"class":58},[44,3228,85],{"class":62},[44,3230,2411],{"class":54},[44,3232,90],{"class":62},[44,3234,2023],{"class":2022},[44,3236,2871],{"class":58},[20,3238,2028],{},[35,3240,3242],{"className":37,"code":3241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3243,3244,3263,3277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3245,3246,3249,3252,3255,3257,3260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3247,3248],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,3250,3251],{"class":2022},"class",[44,3253,3254],{"class":272}," '",[44,3256,2145],{"class":276},[44,3258,3259],{"class":272},"'",[44,3261,3262],{"class":54},">\n",[44,3264,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3266,3248],{"class":54},[44,3268,3251],{"class":2022},[44,3270,3254],{"class":272},[44,3272,2148],{"class":276},[44,3274,3259],{"class":272},[44,3276,3262],{"class":54},[44,3278,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3280,3248],{"class":54},[44,3282,3251],{"class":2022},[44,3284,3254],{"class":272},[44,3286,2148],{"class":276},[44,3288,3259],{"class":272},[44,3290,3262],{"class":54},[20,3292,3293],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3295,3296],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3298,3299],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3301,3303],{"className":37,"code":3302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3304,3305,3319,3329,3343,3347,3361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3306,3307,3309,3311,3313,3316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3308,2403],{"class":50},[44,3310,55],{"class":54},[44,3312,284],{"class":272},[44,3314,3315],{"class":276},"-5",[44,3317,3318],{"class":272},"\"\n",[44,3320,3321,3323,3325,3327],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3322,128],{"class":127},[44,3324,115],{"class":58},[44,3326,2429],{"class":111},[44,3328,121],{"class":58},[44,3330,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3332,128],{"class":127},[44,3334,115],{"class":58},[44,3336,1459],{"class":1458},[44,3338,115],{"class":58},[44,3340,2429],{"class":111},[44,3342,637],{"class":58},[44,3344,3345],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3346,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,3348,3349,3352,3354,3356,3359],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,3350,3351],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3353,55],{"class":54},[44,3355,284],{"class":272},[44,3357,3358],{"class":276},"-3.7",[44,3360,3318],{"class":272},[44,3362,3363,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3378],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,3364,128],{"class":127},[44,3366,115],{"class":58},[44,3368,1975],{"class":127},[44,3370,115],{"class":58},[44,3372,2148],{"class":1458},[44,3374,115],{"class":58},[44,3376,3377],{"class":111},"user_input",[44,3379,2871],{"class":58},[20,3381,2028],{},[35,3383,3385],{"className":37,"code":3384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3386,3387,3393,3408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3388,3389,3391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3390,1980],{"class":54},[44,3392,2906],{"class":62},[44,3394,3395,3397,3399,3401,3404,3406],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3396,3248],{"class":54},[44,3398,3251],{"class":2022},[44,3400,3254],{"class":272},[44,3402,3403],{"class":276},"str",[44,3405,3259],{"class":272},[44,3407,3262],{"class":54},[44,3409,3410],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3411,3412],{"class":62},"3.7\n",[30,3414,1757],{"id":1756},[420,3416,3418],{"id":3417},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3420,3421],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[420,3423,3425],{"id":3424},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3427,3428],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[420,3430,3432],{"id":3431},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3434,3435],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[420,3437,3439],{"id":3438},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3441,3442,3444,3445,2837,3447,3449,3450,108],{},[15,3443,2917],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3446,2836],{},[15,3448,2843],{}," before using ",[15,3451,1941],{},[420,3453,3455],{"id":3454},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3457,3458],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3460,1821],{"id":1820},[161,3462,3463,3470,3476,3482,3487],{},[164,3464,3465],{},[394,3466,3467,3469],{"href":2833},[15,3468,2836],{}," function explained",[164,3471,3472],{},[394,3473,3474,3469],{"href":2840},[15,3475,2843],{},[164,3477,3478],{},[394,3479,3480,3469],{"href":2255},[15,3481,2258],{},[164,3483,3484],{},[394,3485,3486],{"href":2921},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[164,3488,3489],{},[394,3490,2376],{"href":2375},[1872,3492,3493],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":3495},[3496,3497,3498,3499,3500,3501,3507,3513,3514,3521],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":2056,"depth":75,"text":2057},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":2263,"depth":75,"text":2264},{"id":2379,"depth":75,"text":2380},{"id":2484,"depth":75,"text":2485,"children":3502},[3503,3504,3505,3506],{"id":2493,"depth":95,"text":2494},{"id":2594,"depth":95,"text":2595},{"id":2643,"depth":95,"text":2644},{"id":2710,"depth":95,"text":2711},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":3508},[3509,3510,3511,3512],{"id":2791,"depth":95,"text":2792},{"id":2925,"depth":95,"text":2926},{"id":2966,"depth":95,"text":2967},{"id":3085,"depth":95,"text":3086},{"id":3136,"depth":75,"text":3137},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":3515},[3516,3517,3518,3519,3520],{"id":3417,"depth":95,"text":3418},{"id":3424,"depth":95,"text":3425},{"id":3431,"depth":95,"text":3432},{"id":3438,"depth":95,"text":3439},{"id":3454,"depth":95,"text":3455},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1930,"description":3522},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3529,"title":3530,"body":3531,"description":5225,"extension":1921,"meta":5226,"navigation":98,"path":5227,"seo":5228,"stem":5229,"__hash__":5230},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3532,"toc":5189},[3533,3541,3547,3550,3567,3571,3624,3634,3639,3643,3662,3665,3681,3684,3688,3696,3713,3716,3755,3758,3765,3771,3845,3847,3879,3885,3889,3893,3932,3934,3943,3950,3954,3993,3995,4004,4014,4018,4070,4072,4080,4083,4086,4133,4135,4143,4149,4156,4161,4164,4167,4233,4235,4243,4246,4313,4315,4323,4337,4340,4351,4355,4361,4364,4366,4382,4384,4392,4395,4398,4401,4418,4421,4424,4454,4456,4469,4471,4475,4478,4493,4498,4501,4528,4535,4538,4578,4585,4591,4599,4602,4654,4661,4726,4731,4740,4743,4761,4767,4770,4912,4917,4922,4925,4936,4939,4995,4997,5005,5008,5067,5069,5077,5080,5091,5093,5100,5109,5118,5121,5128,5131,5139,5152,5154,5186],[10,3534,3536,3537,3540],{"id":3535},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3538,3539],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3542,3543,3544,3546],{},"Python’s ",[15,3545,3539],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3548,3549],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[161,3551,3552,3555,3558],{},[164,3553,3554],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[164,3556,3557],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[164,3559,3560,877,3563,3566],{},[15,3561,3562],{},"all([])",[15,3564,3565],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3568,3570],{"id":3569},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,3572,3574],{"className":37,"code":3573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3575,3576,3596,3611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3577,3578,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3579,51],{"class":50},[44,3581,55],{"class":54},[44,3583,59],{"class":58},[44,3585,63],{"class":62},[44,3587,66],{"class":58},[44,3589,69],{"class":62},[44,3591,66],{"class":58},[44,3593,2408],{"class":62},[44,3595,72],{"class":58},[44,3597,3598,3600,3602,3605,3607,3609],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3599,911],{"class":50},[44,3601,55],{"class":54},[44,3603,3604],{"class":127}," all",[44,3606,115],{"class":58},[44,3608,105],{"class":111},[44,3610,121],{"class":58},[44,3612,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3614,128],{"class":127},[44,3616,115],{"class":58},[44,3618,943],{"class":111},[44,3620,1476],{"class":58},[44,3622,3623],{"class":140},"  # True\n",[20,3625,3626,877,3628,3630,3631,108],{},[15,3627,3539],{},[15,3629,3565],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3632,3633],{},"False",[30,3635,151,3637,154],{"id":3636},"what-all-does",[15,3638,3539],{},[20,3640,3641,159],{},[15,3642,3539],{},[161,3644,3645,3648,3654,3659],{},[164,3646,3647],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[164,3649,3650,3651,3653],{},"returns ",[15,3652,3565],{}," if all items are truthy",[164,3655,3650,3656,3658],{},[15,3657,3633],{}," if any item is falsy",[164,3660,3661],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3663,3664],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3666,3668],{"className":37,"code":3667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3669,3670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3671,3672,3675,3677,3679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3673,3674],{"class":127},"all",[44,3676,115],{"class":58},[44,3678,207],{"class":111},[44,3680,121],{"class":58},[20,3682,3683],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3685,3687],{"id":3686},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3689,3690,3691,2837,3693,3695],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3692,3565],{},[15,3694,3633],{}," in conditions.",[161,3697,3698,3706],{},[164,3699,3700,3703,3704],{},[214,3701,3702],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3705,3565],{},[164,3707,3708,3703,3711],{},[214,3709,3710],{},"Falsy",[15,3712,3633],{},[20,3714,3715],{},"Common falsy values include:",[161,3717,3718,3722,3727,3732,3736,3740,3745,3750],{},[164,3719,3720],{},[15,3721,746],{},[164,3723,3724],{},[15,3725,3726],{},"0.0",[164,3728,3729],{},[15,3730,3731],{},"''",[164,3733,3734],{},[15,3735,178],{},[164,3737,3738],{},[15,3739,3633],{},[164,3741,3742],{},[15,3743,3744],{},"[]",[164,3746,3747],{},[15,3748,3749],{},"{}",[164,3751,3752],{},[15,3753,3754],{},"set()",[20,3756,3757],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3759,3760,3761,108],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[394,3762,3764],{"href":3763},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3766,3767,3768,159],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3769,3770],{},"bool()",[35,3772,3774],{"className":37,"code":3773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3775,3776,3811,3815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3777,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786,3788,3791,3793,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3779,604],{"class":50},[44,3781,55],{"class":54},[44,3783,59],{"class":58},[44,3785,63],{"class":62},[44,3787,66],{"class":58},[44,3789,3790],{"class":62}," 0",[44,3792,66],{"class":58},[44,3794,3795],{"class":272}," ''",[44,3797,66],{"class":58},[44,3799,3254],{"class":272},[44,3801,1262],{"class":276},[44,3803,3259],{"class":272},[44,3805,66],{"class":58},[44,3807,3808],{"class":1582}," None",[44,3810,72],{"class":58},[44,3812,3813],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3814,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,3816,3817,3819,3821,3824,3826,3828,3830,3834,3837,3840,3843],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,3818,128],{"class":127},[44,3820,457],{"class":58},[44,3822,3823],{"class":1458},"bool",[44,3825,115],{"class":58},[44,3827,2130],{"class":111},[44,3829,1476],{"class":58},[44,3831,3833],{"class":3832},"sVHd0"," for",[44,3835,3836],{"class":111}," x ",[44,3838,3839],{"class":3832},"in",[44,3841,3842],{"class":111}," values",[44,3844,466],{"class":58},[20,3846,2028],{},[35,3848,3850],{"className":37,"code":3849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3851,3852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3853,3854,3857,3859,3861,3864,3866,3868,3870,3873,3875,3877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3855,3856],{"class":58},"[",[44,3858,3565],{"class":1582},[44,3860,66],{"class":58},[44,3862,3863],{"class":1582}," False",[44,3865,66],{"class":58},[44,3867,3863],{"class":1582},[44,3869,66],{"class":58},[44,3871,3872],{"class":1582}," True",[44,3874,66],{"class":58},[44,3876,3863],{"class":1582},[44,3878,72],{"class":58},[20,3880,3881,3882,3884],{},"This matters because ",[15,3883,3539],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,3886,3888],{"id":3887},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[420,3890,3892],{"id":3891},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3894,3896],{"className":37,"code":3895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3897,3898,3918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3899,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914,3916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3901,51],{"class":50},[44,3903,55],{"class":54},[44,3905,59],{"class":58},[44,3907,63],{"class":62},[44,3909,66],{"class":58},[44,3911,69],{"class":62},[44,3913,66],{"class":58},[44,3915,2408],{"class":62},[44,3917,72],{"class":58},[44,3919,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3921,128],{"class":127},[44,3923,115],{"class":58},[44,3925,3674],{"class":127},[44,3927,115],{"class":58},[44,3929,105],{"class":111},[44,3931,637],{"class":58},[20,3933,2028],{},[35,3935,3937],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3938,3939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3940,3941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3942,3936],{"class":1582},[20,3944,3945,3946,877,3948,108],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3947,3539],{},[15,3949,3565],{},[420,3951,3953],{"id":3952},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3955,3957],{"className":37,"code":3956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3958,3959,3979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3960,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975,3977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3962,51],{"class":50},[44,3964,55],{"class":54},[44,3966,59],{"class":58},[44,3968,63],{"class":62},[44,3970,66],{"class":58},[44,3972,3790],{"class":62},[44,3974,66],{"class":58},[44,3976,2408],{"class":62},[44,3978,72],{"class":58},[44,3980,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,3982,128],{"class":127},[44,3984,115],{"class":58},[44,3986,3674],{"class":127},[44,3988,115],{"class":58},[44,3990,105],{"class":111},[44,3992,637],{"class":58},[20,3994,2028],{},[35,3996,3998],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3999,4000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4001,4002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4003,3997],{"class":1582},[20,4005,4006,4007,4009,4010,877,4012,108],{},"The value ",[15,4008,746],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4011,3539],{},[15,4013,3633],{},[420,4015,4017],{"id":4016},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,4019,4021],{"className":37,"code":4020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4022,4023,4056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4024,4025,4027,4029,4031,4033,4035,4037,4039,4041,4043,4045,4047,4049,4052,4054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4026,1253],{"class":50},[44,4028,55],{"class":54},[44,4030,59],{"class":58},[44,4032,3259],{"class":272},[44,4034,277],{"class":276},[44,4036,3259],{"class":272},[44,4038,66],{"class":58},[44,4040,3254],{"class":272},[44,4042,287],{"class":276},[44,4044,3259],{"class":272},[44,4046,66],{"class":58},[44,4048,3254],{"class":272},[44,4050,4051],{"class":276},"cherry",[44,4053,3259],{"class":272},[44,4055,72],{"class":58},[44,4057,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066,4068],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4059,128],{"class":127},[44,4061,115],{"class":58},[44,4063,3674],{"class":127},[44,4065,115],{"class":58},[44,4067,1271],{"class":111},[44,4069,637],{"class":58},[20,4071,2028],{},[35,4073,4074],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4075,4076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4077,4078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4079,3936],{"class":1582},[20,4081,4082],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4084,4085],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,4087,4089],{"className":37,"code":4088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4090,4091,4119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4094,1253],{"class":50},[44,4096,55],{"class":54},[44,4098,59],{"class":58},[44,4100,3259],{"class":272},[44,4102,277],{"class":276},[44,4104,3259],{"class":272},[44,4106,66],{"class":58},[44,4108,3795],{"class":272},[44,4110,66],{"class":58},[44,4112,3254],{"class":272},[44,4114,4051],{"class":276},[44,4116,3259],{"class":272},[44,4118,72],{"class":58},[44,4120,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4122,128],{"class":127},[44,4124,115],{"class":58},[44,4126,3674],{"class":127},[44,4128,115],{"class":58},[44,4130,1271],{"class":111},[44,4132,637],{"class":58},[20,4134,2028],{},[35,4136,4137],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4138,4139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4140,4141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4142,3997],{"class":1582},[20,4144,4145,4146,4148],{},"The empty string ",[15,4147,3731],{}," is falsy.",[30,4150,4152,4153,4155],{"id":4151},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4154,3539],{}," works with conditions",[20,4157,4158,4160],{},[15,4159,3539],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4162,4163],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4165,4166],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4168,4170],{"className":37,"code":4169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4171,4172,4192,4219,4223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4173,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4175,51],{"class":50},[44,4177,55],{"class":54},[44,4179,59],{"class":58},[44,4181,63],{"class":62},[44,4183,66],{"class":58},[44,4185,69],{"class":62},[44,4187,66],{"class":58},[44,4189,2408],{"class":62},[44,4191,72],{"class":58},[44,4193,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4195,911],{"class":50},[44,4197,55],{"class":54},[44,4199,3604],{"class":127},[44,4201,115],{"class":58},[44,4203,2982],{"class":111},[44,4205,4206],{"class":54},">",[44,4208,3790],{"class":62},[44,4210,3833],{"class":3832},[44,4212,3836],{"class":111},[44,4214,3839],{"class":3832},[44,4216,916],{"class":111},[44,4218,121],{"class":58},[44,4220,4221],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,4222,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,4224,4225,4227,4229,4231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4226,128],{"class":127},[44,4228,115],{"class":58},[44,4230,943],{"class":111},[44,4232,121],{"class":58},[20,4234,2028],{},[35,4236,4237],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4238,4239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4240,4241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4242,3936],{"class":1582},[20,4244,4245],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4247,4249],{"className":37,"code":4248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4250,4251,4273,4299,4303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4252,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4254,51],{"class":50},[44,4256,55],{"class":54},[44,4258,59],{"class":58},[44,4260,63],{"class":62},[44,4262,66],{"class":58},[44,4264,2179],{"class":54},[44,4266,801],{"class":62},[44,4268,66],{"class":58},[44,4270,2408],{"class":62},[44,4272,72],{"class":58},[44,4274,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4276,911],{"class":50},[44,4278,55],{"class":54},[44,4280,3604],{"class":127},[44,4282,115],{"class":58},[44,4284,2982],{"class":111},[44,4286,4206],{"class":54},[44,4288,3790],{"class":62},[44,4290,3833],{"class":3832},[44,4292,3836],{"class":111},[44,4294,3839],{"class":3832},[44,4296,916],{"class":111},[44,4298,121],{"class":58},[44,4300,4301],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,4302,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,4304,4305,4307,4309,4311],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4306,128],{"class":127},[44,4308,115],{"class":58},[44,4310,943],{"class":111},[44,4312,121],{"class":58},[20,4314,2028],{},[35,4316,4317],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4318,4319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4320,4321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4322,3997],{"class":1582},[20,4324,4325,4326,4329,4330,4332,4333,877,4335,108],{},"The expression ",[15,4327,4328],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4331,3565],{},", then ",[15,4334,3539],{},[15,4336,3565],{},[20,4338,4339],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4341,4342,4343,398,4347,108],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[394,4344,4346],{"href":4345},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[394,4348,4350],{"href":4349},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4352,4354],{"id":4353},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4356,4357,877,4359,108],{},[15,4358,3562],{},[15,4360,3565],{},[20,4362,4363],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4365,2164],{},[35,4367,4369],{"className":37,"code":4368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4370,4371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4372,4373,4375,4377,4379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4374,128],{"class":127},[44,4376,115],{"class":58},[44,4378,3674],{"class":127},[44,4380,4381],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,4383,2028],{},[35,4385,4386],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4387,4388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4389,4390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4391,3936],{"class":1582},[20,4393,4394],{},"Why?",[20,4396,4397],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4399,4400],{},"Think of it this way:",[161,4402,4403,4410,4413],{},[164,4404,4405,877,4407,4409],{},[15,4406,3539],{},[15,4408,3633],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[164,4411,4412],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[164,4414,4415,4416],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4417,3633],{},[20,4419,4420],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4422,4423],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4425,4427],{"className":37,"code":4426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4428,4429,4440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4430,4431,4433,4435,4437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4432,128],{"class":127},[44,4434,115],{"class":58},[44,4436,3674],{"class":127},[44,4438,4439],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,4441,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4443,128],{"class":127},[44,4445,115],{"class":58},[44,4447,3674],{"class":127},[44,4449,115],{"class":58},[44,4451,3731],{"class":272},[44,4453,637],{"class":58},[20,4455,2028],{},[35,4457,4459],{"className":37,"code":4458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4460,4461,4465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4462,4463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4464,3936],{"class":1582},[44,4466,4467],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4468,3936],{"class":1582},[30,4470,1083],{"id":1082},[420,4472,4474],{"id":4473},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4476,4477],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4479,4481],{"className":37,"code":4480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4482,4483,4488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4484,4485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4486,4487],{"class":140},"# Wrong\n",[44,4489,4490],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4491,4492],{"class":140},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4494,4495,4497],{},[15,4496,3539],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4499,4500],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4502,4504],{"className":37,"code":4503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4505,4506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4507,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4509,128],{"class":127},[44,4511,115],{"class":58},[44,4513,3674],{"class":127},[44,4515,457],{"class":58},[44,4517,63],{"class":62},[44,4519,66],{"class":58},[44,4521,69],{"class":62},[44,4523,66],{"class":58},[44,4525,2408],{"class":62},[44,4527,2957],{"class":58},[420,4529,4531,4532,4534],{"id":4530},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4533,3539],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4536,4537],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4539,4541],{"className":37,"code":4540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4542,4543,4564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4544,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4558,4560,4562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4546,51],{"class":50},[44,4548,55],{"class":54},[44,4550,59],{"class":58},[44,4552,1410],{"class":62},[44,4554,66],{"class":58},[44,4556,4557],{"class":62}," 5",[44,4559,66],{"class":58},[44,4561,4557],{"class":62},[44,4563,72],{"class":58},[44,4565,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4567,128],{"class":127},[44,4569,115],{"class":58},[44,4571,3674],{"class":127},[44,4573,115],{"class":58},[44,4575,105],{"class":111},[44,4577,637],{"class":58},[20,4579,4580,4581,4584],{},"This does ",[214,4582,4583],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4586,4587,4588,4590],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4589,1410],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4592,4593],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4594,4595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4596,4597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4598,3936],{"class":1582},[20,4600,4601],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4603,4605],{"className":37,"code":4604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4606,4607,4627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4608,4609,4611,4613,4615,4617,4619,4621,4623,4625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4610,51],{"class":50},[44,4612,55],{"class":54},[44,4614,59],{"class":58},[44,4616,1410],{"class":62},[44,4618,66],{"class":58},[44,4620,4557],{"class":62},[44,4622,66],{"class":58},[44,4624,4557],{"class":62},[44,4626,72],{"class":58},[44,4628,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4630,128],{"class":127},[44,4632,115],{"class":58},[44,4634,3674],{"class":127},[44,4636,115],{"class":58},[44,4638,2982],{"class":111},[44,4640,4641],{"class":54},"==",[44,4643,4557],{"class":62},[44,4645,3833],{"class":3832},[44,4647,3836],{"class":111},[44,4649,3839],{"class":3832},[44,4651,916],{"class":111},[44,4653,637],{"class":58},[420,4655,4657,4658,4660],{"id":4656},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4659,746],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4662,4664],{"className":37,"code":4663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4665,4666,4692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4667,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4669,128],{"class":127},[44,4671,115],{"class":58},[44,4673,3674],{"class":127},[44,4675,457],{"class":58},[44,4677,63],{"class":62},[44,4679,66],{"class":58},[44,4681,69],{"class":62},[44,4683,66],{"class":58},[44,4685,3790],{"class":62},[44,4687,4688],{"class":58},"]))",[44,4690,4691],{"class":140},"       # False\n",[44,4693,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4715,4717,4719,4721,4723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4695,128],{"class":127},[44,4697,115],{"class":58},[44,4699,3674],{"class":127},[44,4701,457],{"class":58},[44,4703,3259],{"class":272},[44,4705,394],{"class":276},[44,4707,3259],{"class":272},[44,4709,66],{"class":58},[44,4711,3254],{"class":272},[44,4713,4714],{"class":276},"b",[44,4716,3259],{"class":272},[44,4718,66],{"class":58},[44,4720,3795],{"class":272},[44,4722,4688],{"class":58},[44,4724,4725],{"class":140},"  # False\n",[20,4727,4728,4729,108],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4730,3633],{},[420,4732,4734,4735,4737,4738],{"id":4733},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4736,3562],{}," is ",[15,4739,3565],{},[20,4741,4742],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4744,4746],{"className":37,"code":4745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4747,4748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4749,4750,4752,4754,4756,4759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4751,128],{"class":127},[44,4753,115],{"class":58},[44,4755,3674],{"class":127},[44,4757,4758],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,4760,3623],{"class":140},[20,4762,4763,4764,4766],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4765,3565],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4768,4769],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4771,4773],{"className":37,"code":4772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4774,4775,4797,4819,4866,4902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4776,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4778,128],{"class":127},[44,4780,115],{"class":58},[44,4782,3674],{"class":127},[44,4784,457],{"class":58},[44,4786,63],{"class":62},[44,4788,66],{"class":58},[44,4790,69],{"class":62},[44,4792,66],{"class":58},[44,4794,2408],{"class":62},[44,4796,2957],{"class":58},[44,4798,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4800,128],{"class":127},[44,4802,115],{"class":58},[44,4804,3674],{"class":127},[44,4806,457],{"class":58},[44,4808,63],{"class":62},[44,4810,66],{"class":58},[44,4812,3790],{"class":62},[44,4814,66],{"class":58},[44,4816,2408],{"class":62},[44,4818,2957],{"class":58},[44,4820,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,4822,128],{"class":127},[44,4824,457],{"class":58},[44,4826,3823],{"class":1458},[44,4828,115],{"class":58},[44,4830,2130],{"class":111},[44,4832,1476],{"class":58},[44,4834,3833],{"class":3832},[44,4836,3836],{"class":111},[44,4838,3839],{"class":3832},[44,4840,59],{"class":58},[44,4842,63],{"class":62},[44,4844,66],{"class":58},[44,4846,3790],{"class":62},[44,4848,66],{"class":58},[44,4850,3795],{"class":272},[44,4852,66],{"class":58},[44,4854,3254],{"class":272},[44,4856,1262],{"class":276},[44,4858,3259],{"class":272},[44,4860,66],{"class":58},[44,4862,3808],{"class":1582},[44,4864,4865],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,4867,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4869,128],{"class":127},[44,4871,115],{"class":58},[44,4873,3674],{"class":127},[44,4875,115],{"class":58},[44,4877,2982],{"class":111},[44,4879,4206],{"class":54},[44,4881,3790],{"class":62},[44,4883,3833],{"class":3832},[44,4885,3836],{"class":111},[44,4887,3839],{"class":3832},[44,4889,59],{"class":58},[44,4891,63],{"class":62},[44,4893,66],{"class":58},[44,4895,69],{"class":62},[44,4897,66],{"class":58},[44,4899,2408],{"class":62},[44,4901,2957],{"class":58},[44,4903,4904,4906,4908,4910],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,4905,128],{"class":127},[44,4907,115],{"class":58},[44,4909,3674],{"class":127},[44,4911,4381],{"class":58},[30,4913,1638,4915],{"id":4914},"when-to-use-all",[15,4916,3539],{},[20,4918,4919,4921],{},[15,4920,3539],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4923,4924],{},"Common use cases:",[161,4926,4927,4930,4933],{},[164,4928,4929],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[164,4931,4932],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[164,4934,4935],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4937,4938],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4940,4942],{"className":37,"code":4941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4943,4944,4980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4945,4946,4949,4951,4953,4955,4958,4960,4962,4964,4967,4969,4971,4973,4976,4978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4947,4948],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4950,55],{"class":54},[44,4952,59],{"class":58},[44,4954,3259],{"class":272},[44,4956,4957],{"class":276},"Alice",[44,4959,3259],{"class":272},[44,4961,66],{"class":58},[44,4963,3254],{"class":272},[44,4965,4966],{"class":276},"Bob",[44,4968,3259],{"class":272},[44,4970,66],{"class":58},[44,4972,3254],{"class":272},[44,4974,4975],{"class":276},"Charlie",[44,4977,3259],{"class":272},[44,4979,72],{"class":58},[44,4981,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4993],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,4983,128],{"class":127},[44,4985,115],{"class":58},[44,4987,3674],{"class":127},[44,4989,115],{"class":58},[44,4991,4992],{"class":111},"names",[44,4994,637],{"class":58},[20,4996,2028],{},[35,4998,4999],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5000,5001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5002,5003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5004,3936],{"class":1582},[20,5006,5007],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,5009,5011],{"className":37,"code":5010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5012,5013,5037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5014,5015,5018,5020,5022,5025,5027,5030,5032,5035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5016,5017],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,5019,55],{"class":54},[44,5021,59],{"class":58},[44,5023,5024],{"class":62},"75",[44,5026,66],{"class":58},[44,5028,5029],{"class":62}," 80",[44,5031,66],{"class":58},[44,5033,5034],{"class":62}," 50",[44,5036,72],{"class":58},[44,5038,5039,5041,5043,5045,5047,5050,5053,5055,5057,5060,5062,5065],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5040,128],{"class":127},[44,5042,115],{"class":58},[44,5044,3674],{"class":127},[44,5046,115],{"class":58},[44,5048,5049],{"class":111},"score ",[44,5051,5052],{"class":54},">=",[44,5054,5034],{"class":62},[44,5056,3833],{"class":3832},[44,5058,5059],{"class":111}," score ",[44,5061,3839],{"class":3832},[44,5063,5064],{"class":111}," scores",[44,5066,637],{"class":58},[20,5068,2028],{},[35,5070,5071],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5072,5073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5074,5075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5076,3936],{"class":1582},[20,5078,5079],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5081,5082,5083,398,5087,108],{},"For related tasks, see ",[394,5084,5086],{"href":5085},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[394,5088,5090],{"href":5089},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,5092,1757],{"id":1756},[420,5094,5096,5097,5099],{"id":5095},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5098,3539],{}," return in Python?",[20,5101,5102,5103,5105,5106,5108],{},"It returns ",[15,5104,3565],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5107,3633],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[420,5110,5112,5113,5115,5116,1778],{"id":5111},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5114,3562],{}," return ",[15,5117,3565],{},[20,5119,5120],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[420,5122,5124,5125,5127],{"id":5123},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5126,3539],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5129,5130],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[420,5132,1773,5134,398,5136,1778],{"id":5133},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5135,3539],{},[15,5137,5138],{},"any()",[20,5140,5141,5143,5144,5146,5147,108],{},[15,5142,3539],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5145,5138],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[394,5148,3536,5150,3469],{"href":5149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5151,5138],{},[30,5153,1821],{"id":1820},[161,5155,5156,5162,5166,5171,5176,5181],{},[164,5157,5158],{},[394,5159,3536,5160,3469],{"href":5149},[15,5161,5138],{},[164,5163,5164],{},[394,5165,3764],{"href":3763},[164,5167,5168],{},[394,5169,5170],{"href":5089},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[164,5172,5173],{},[394,5174,5175],{"href":5085},"How to filter a list in Python",[164,5177,5178],{},[394,5179,5180],{"href":4345},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[164,5182,5183],{},[394,5184,5185],{"href":4349},"What is an iterable in Python",[1872,5187,5188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":5190},[5191,5192,5194,5195,5200,5202,5203,5212,5214,5224],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":3636,"depth":75,"text":5193},"What all() does",{"id":3686,"depth":75,"text":3687},{"id":3887,"depth":75,"text":3888,"children":5196},[5197,5198,5199],{"id":3891,"depth":95,"text":3892},{"id":3952,"depth":95,"text":3953},{"id":4016,"depth":95,"text":4017},{"id":4151,"depth":75,"text":5201},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4353,"depth":75,"text":4354},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":5204},[5205,5206,5208,5210],{"id":4473,"depth":95,"text":4474},{"id":4530,"depth":95,"text":5207},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4656,"depth":95,"text":5209},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4733,"depth":95,"text":5211},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4914,"depth":75,"text":5213},"When to use all()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":5215},[5216,5218,5220,5222],{"id":5095,"depth":95,"text":5217},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5111,"depth":95,"text":5219},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5123,"depth":95,"text":5221},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5133,"depth":95,"text":5223},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3530,"description":5225},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5232,"title":5233,"body":5234,"description":6914,"extension":1921,"meta":6915,"navigation":98,"path":5149,"seo":6916,"stem":6917,"__hash__":6918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5235,"toc":6892},[5236,5239,5247,5250,5267,5275,5318,5327,5331,5336,5339,5356,5359,5370,5382,5386,5389,5404,5408,5411,5423,5425,5508,5511,5532,5538,5540,5548,5562,5564,5598,5600,5603,5664,5666,5683,5686,5713,5715,5723,5735,5739,5742,5781,5783,5791,5793,5809,5817,5820,5863,5865,5873,5878,5882,5890,5893,5920,5923,5926,6000,6002,6010,6017,6041,6052,6055,6134,6136,6144,6151,6155,6160,6175,6177,6185,6188,6194,6197,6242,6244,6261,6265,6269,6280,6283,6394,6397,6456,6462,6464,6469,6473,6475,6494,6499,6502,6521,6525,6534,6561,6563,6571,6578,6582,6588,6611,6613,6621,6628,6632,6635,6686,6689,6740,6743,6745,6749,6756,6760,6767,6771,6779,6783,6786,6808,6810,6860,6862,6889],[10,5237,5233],{"id":5238},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5240,5241,5243,5244,108],{},[15,5242,5138],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[214,5245,5246],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5248,5249],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[161,5251,5252,5255,5258,5261,5264],{},[164,5253,5254],{},"lists",[164,5256,5257],{},"tuples",[164,5259,5260],{},"sets",[164,5262,5263],{},"strings",[164,5265,5266],{},"generator expressions",[20,5268,5269,5270,2837,5272,5274],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5271,3565],{},[15,5273,3633],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5276,5278],{"className":37,"code":5277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5279,5280,5300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5281,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5283,604],{"class":50},[44,5285,55],{"class":54},[44,5287,59],{"class":58},[44,5289,746],{"class":62},[44,5291,66],{"class":58},[44,5293,3795],{"class":272},[44,5295,66],{"class":58},[44,5297,4557],{"class":62},[44,5299,72],{"class":58},[44,5301,5302,5304,5306,5309,5311,5313,5316],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5303,128],{"class":127},[44,5305,115],{"class":58},[44,5307,5308],{"class":127},"any",[44,5310,115],{"class":58},[44,5312,621],{"class":111},[44,5314,5315],{"class":58},"))",[44,5317,3623],{"class":140},[20,5319,144,5320,5323,5324,5326],{},[15,5321,5322],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5325,3565],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5328,5330],{"id":5329},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5332,5333,5335],{},[15,5334,5138],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5337,5338],{},"It returns:",[161,5340,5341,5346,5351],{},[164,5342,5343,5345],{},[15,5344,3565],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[164,5347,5348,5350],{},[15,5349,3633],{}," if all items are falsy",[164,5352,5353,5355],{},[15,5354,3633],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5357,5358],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[161,5360,5361,5364,5367],{},[164,5362,5363],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[164,5365,5366],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[164,5368,5369],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5371,5372,5373,5376,5377,108],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[214,5374,5375],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[394,5378,5380],{"href":5379},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5381,3539],{},[30,5383,5385],{"id":5384},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5387,5388],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5390,5392],{"className":37,"code":5391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5393,5394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5395,5396,5398,5400,5402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5397,5308],{"class":127},[44,5399,115],{"class":58},[44,5401,207],{"class":111},[44,5403,121],{"class":58},[20,5405,212,5406,108],{},[214,5407,207],{},[20,5409,5410],{},"Common inputs include:",[161,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421],{},[164,5414,5254],{},[164,5416,5257],{},[164,5418,5260],{},[164,5420,5263],{},[164,5422,5266],{},[20,5424,1659],{},[35,5426,5428],{"className":37,"code":5427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5429,5430,5453,5471,5490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5431,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5433,128],{"class":127},[44,5435,115],{"class":58},[44,5437,5308],{"class":127},[44,5439,457],{"class":58},[44,5441,746],{"class":62},[44,5443,66],{"class":58},[44,5445,3790],{"class":62},[44,5447,66],{"class":58},[44,5449,5450],{"class":62}," 1",[44,5452,2957],{"class":58},[44,5454,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5456,128],{"class":127},[44,5458,115],{"class":58},[44,5460,5308],{"class":127},[44,5462,628],{"class":58},[44,5464,3633],{"class":1582},[44,5466,66],{"class":58},[44,5468,3863],{"class":1582},[44,5470,2871],{"class":58},[44,5472,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,5474,128],{"class":127},[44,5476,115],{"class":58},[44,5478,5308],{"class":127},[44,5480,842],{"class":58},[44,5482,746],{"class":62},[44,5484,66],{"class":58},[44,5486,69],{"class":62},[44,5488,5489],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,5491,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5493,128],{"class":127},[44,5495,115],{"class":58},[44,5497,5308],{"class":127},[44,5499,115],{"class":58},[44,5501,273],{"class":272},[44,5503,1262],{"class":276},[44,5505,273],{"class":272},[44,5507,637],{"class":58},[20,5509,5510],{},"Expected output:",[35,5512,5514],{"className":37,"code":5513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5515,5516,5520,5524,5528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5517,5518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5519,3936],{"class":1582},[44,5521,5522],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5523,3997],{"class":1582},[44,5525,5526],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,5527,3936],{"class":1582},[44,5529,5530],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5531,3936],{"class":1582},[20,5533,5534,5535,108],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[394,5536,5090],{"href":5537},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5539,3687],{"id":3686},[20,5541,3690,5542,2837,5545,3695],{},[214,5543,5544],{},"truthy",[214,5546,5547],{},"falsy",[161,5549,5550,5556],{},[164,5551,5552,3703,5554],{},[214,5553,3702],{},[15,5555,3565],{},[164,5557,5558,3703,5560],{},[214,5559,3710],{},[15,5561,3633],{},[20,5563,3715],{},[161,5565,5566,5570,5574,5578,5582,5586,5590,5594],{},[164,5567,5568],{},[15,5569,3633],{},[164,5571,5572],{},[15,5573,746],{},[164,5575,5576],{},[15,5577,3726],{},[164,5579,5580],{},[15,5581,3731],{},[164,5583,5584],{},[15,5585,3744],{},[164,5587,5588],{},[15,5589,3749],{},[164,5591,5592],{},[15,5593,3754],{},[164,5595,5596],{},[15,5597,178],{},[20,5599,3757],{},[20,5601,5602],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5604,5606],{"className":37,"code":5605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5607,5608,5622,5640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5609,5610,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5611,128],{"class":127},[44,5613,115],{"class":58},[44,5615,5308],{"class":127},[44,5617,457],{"class":58},[44,5619,63],{"class":62},[44,5621,2957],{"class":58},[44,5623,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5625,128],{"class":127},[44,5627,115],{"class":58},[44,5629,5308],{"class":127},[44,5631,457],{"class":58},[44,5633,3259],{"class":272},[44,5635,1262],{"class":276},[44,5637,3259],{"class":272},[44,5639,2957],{"class":58},[44,5641,5642,5644,5646,5648,5651,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,5643,128],{"class":127},[44,5645,115],{"class":58},[44,5647,5308],{"class":127},[44,5649,5650],{"class":58},"([[",[44,5652,63],{"class":62},[44,5654,66],{"class":58},[44,5656,69],{"class":62},[44,5658,66],{"class":58},[44,5660,2408],{"class":62},[44,5662,5663],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,5665,5510],{},[35,5667,5669],{"className":37,"code":5668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5670,5671,5675,5679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5672,5673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5674,3936],{"class":1582},[44,5676,5677],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5678,3936],{"class":1582},[44,5680,5681],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,5682,3936],{"class":1582},[20,5684,5685],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5687,5689],{"className":37,"code":5688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5690,5691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5692,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5694,128],{"class":127},[44,5696,115],{"class":58},[44,5698,5308],{"class":127},[44,5700,457],{"class":58},[44,5702,746],{"class":62},[44,5704,66],{"class":58},[44,5706,3795],{"class":272},[44,5708,66],{"class":58},[44,5710,3808],{"class":1582},[44,5712,2957],{"class":58},[20,5714,5510],{},[35,5716,5717],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5718,5719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5720,5721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5722,3997],{"class":1582},[20,5724,5725,5726,398,5729,108],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[394,5727,3764],{"href":5728},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[394,5730,5732,5734],{"href":5731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5733,3770],{}," explained",[30,5736,5738],{"id":5737},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5740,5741],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5743,5745],{"className":37,"code":5744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5746,5747,5767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5748,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5750,604],{"class":50},[44,5752,55],{"class":54},[44,5754,59],{"class":58},[44,5756,746],{"class":62},[44,5758,66],{"class":58},[44,5760,3795],{"class":272},[44,5762,66],{"class":58},[44,5764,4557],{"class":62},[44,5766,72],{"class":58},[44,5768,5769,5771,5773,5775,5777,5779],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5770,128],{"class":127},[44,5772,115],{"class":58},[44,5774,5308],{"class":127},[44,5776,115],{"class":58},[44,5778,621],{"class":111},[44,5780,637],{"class":58},[20,5782,2028],{},[35,5784,5785],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5786,5787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5788,5789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5790,3936],{"class":1582},[20,5792,4394],{},[161,5794,5795,5800,5804],{},[164,5796,5797,5799],{},[15,5798,746],{}," is falsy",[164,5801,5802,5799],{},[15,5803,3731],{},[164,5805,5806,5808],{},[15,5807,1410],{}," is truthy",[20,5810,5811,5812,877,5815,108],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5813,5814],{},"any(values)",[15,5816,3565],{},[20,5818,5819],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5821,5823],{"className":37,"code":5822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5824,5825,5849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5826,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845,5847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5828,604],{"class":50},[44,5830,55],{"class":54},[44,5832,59],{"class":58},[44,5834,746],{"class":62},[44,5836,66],{"class":58},[44,5838,3795],{"class":272},[44,5840,66],{"class":58},[44,5842,3808],{"class":1582},[44,5844,66],{"class":58},[44,5846,3863],{"class":1582},[44,5848,72],{"class":58},[44,5850,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5852,128],{"class":127},[44,5854,115],{"class":58},[44,5856,5308],{"class":127},[44,5858,115],{"class":58},[44,5860,621],{"class":111},[44,5862,637],{"class":58},[20,5864,2028],{},[35,5866,5867],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5868,5869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5870,5871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5872,3997],{"class":1582},[20,5874,5875,5876,108],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5877,3633],{},[30,5879,5881],{"id":5880},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5883,5884,5886,5887,108],{},[15,5885,5138],{}," is often used with a ",[214,5888,5889],{},"generator expression",[20,5891,5892],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5894,5896],{"className":37,"code":5895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5897,5898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5899,5900,5902,5904,5907,5910,5913,5915,5918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5901,5308],{"class":127},[44,5903,115],{"class":58},[44,5905,5906],{"class":111},"condition ",[44,5908,5909],{"class":3832},"for",[44,5911,5912],{"class":111}," item ",[44,5914,3839],{"class":3832},[44,5916,5917],{"class":111}," items",[44,5919,121],{"class":58},[20,5921,5922],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5924,5925],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5927,5929],{"className":37,"code":5928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5930,5931,5959,5963,5990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5932,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943,5946,5948,5950,5952,5954,5957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5934,51],{"class":50},[44,5936,55],{"class":54},[44,5938,59],{"class":58},[44,5940,2461],{"class":62},[44,5942,66],{"class":58},[44,5944,5945],{"class":62}," 7",[44,5947,66],{"class":58},[44,5949,2179],{"class":54},[44,5951,801],{"class":62},[44,5953,66],{"class":58},[44,5955,5956],{"class":62}," 10",[44,5958,72],{"class":58},[44,5960,5961],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,5962,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,5964,5965,5967,5969,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,5966,911],{"class":50},[44,5968,55],{"class":54},[44,5970,5971],{"class":127}," any",[44,5973,115],{"class":58},[44,5975,2982],{"class":111},[44,5977,3248],{"class":54},[44,5979,3790],{"class":62},[44,5981,3833],{"class":3832},[44,5983,3836],{"class":111},[44,5985,3839],{"class":3832},[44,5987,916],{"class":111},[44,5989,121],{"class":58},[44,5991,5992,5994,5996,5998],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5993,128],{"class":127},[44,5995,115],{"class":58},[44,5997,943],{"class":111},[44,5999,121],{"class":58},[20,6001,2028],{},[35,6003,6004],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6005,6006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6007,6008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6009,3936],{"class":1582},[20,6011,6012,6013,6016],{},"This works because ",[15,6014,6015],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[161,6018,6019,6027,6034],{},[164,6020,6021,6024,6025],{},[15,6022,6023],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6026,3633],{},[164,6028,6029,6024,6032],{},[15,6030,6031],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6033,3633],{},[164,6035,6036,6024,6039],{},[15,6037,6038],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6040,3565],{},[20,6042,6043,6044,6046,6047,6049,6050,108],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6045,3565],{}," result, ",[15,6048,5138],{}," can return ",[15,6051,3565],{},[20,6053,6054],{},"Here is another example:",[35,6056,6058],{"className":37,"code":6057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6059,6060,6089,6093,6123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6061,6062,6064,6066,6068,6070,6072,6074,6076,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6063,1253],{"class":50},[44,6065,55],{"class":54},[44,6067,59],{"class":58},[44,6069,273],{"class":272},[44,6071,277],{"class":276},[44,6073,273],{"class":272},[44,6075,66],{"class":58},[44,6077,6078],{"class":272}," \"\"",[44,6080,66],{"class":58},[44,6082,284],{"class":272},[44,6084,287],{"class":276},[44,6086,273],{"class":272},[44,6088,72],{"class":58},[44,6090,6091],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6092,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,6094,6095,6098,6100,6102,6104,6107,6109,6111,6113,6116,6118,6121],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,6096,6097],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,6099,55],{"class":54},[44,6101,5971],{"class":127},[44,6103,115],{"class":58},[44,6105,6106],{"class":111},"word ",[44,6108,4641],{"class":54},[44,6110,6078],{"class":272},[44,6112,3833],{"class":3832},[44,6114,6115],{"class":111}," word ",[44,6117,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6119,6120],{"class":111}," words",[44,6122,121],{"class":58},[44,6124,6125,6127,6129,6132],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6126,128],{"class":127},[44,6128,115],{"class":58},[44,6130,6131],{"class":111},"has_empty_string",[44,6133,121],{"class":58},[20,6135,2028],{},[35,6137,6138],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6139,6140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6141,6142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6143,3936],{"class":1582},[20,6145,6146,6147,108],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[394,6148,6150],{"href":6149},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6152,6154],{"id":6153},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6156,6157,6158,159],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6159,3633],{},[35,6161,6163],{"className":37,"code":6162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6164,6165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6166,6167,6169,6171,6173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6168,128],{"class":127},[44,6170,115],{"class":58},[44,6172,5308],{"class":127},[44,6174,4381],{"class":58},[20,6176,2028],{},[35,6178,6179],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6180,6181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6182,6183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6184,3997],{"class":1582},[20,6186,6187],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6189,6190,6191,6193],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6192,5138],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6195,6196],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6198,6200],{"className":37,"code":6199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6201,6202,6212,6227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6203,6204,6206,6208,6210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6205,128],{"class":127},[44,6207,115],{"class":58},[44,6209,5308],{"class":127},[44,6211,4439],{"class":58},[44,6213,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6225],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6215,128],{"class":127},[44,6217,115],{"class":58},[44,6219,5308],{"class":127},[44,6221,115],{"class":58},[44,6223,6224],{"class":272},"\"\"",[44,6226,637],{"class":58},[44,6228,6229,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,6230,128],{"class":127},[44,6232,115],{"class":58},[44,6234,5308],{"class":127},[44,6236,115],{"class":58},[44,6238,236],{"class":1458},[44,6240,6241],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,6243,2028],{},[35,6245,6247],{"className":37,"code":6246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6248,6249,6253,6257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6250,6251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6252,3997],{"class":1582},[44,6254,6255],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6256,3997],{"class":1582},[44,6258,6259],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,6260,3997],{"class":1582},[30,6262,6264],{"id":6263},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6266,144,6267,1645],{},[15,6268,5138],{},[161,6270,6271,6274,6277],{},[164,6272,6273],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[164,6275,6276],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[164,6278,6279],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6281,6282],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6284,6286],{"className":37,"code":6285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6287,6288,6313,6317,6327,6331,6345,6364,6374,6379,6383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6289,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308,6311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6291,51],{"class":50},[44,6293,55],{"class":54},[44,6295,59],{"class":58},[44,6297,63],{"class":62},[44,6299,66],{"class":58},[44,6301,2408],{"class":62},[44,6303,66],{"class":58},[44,6305,4557],{"class":62},[44,6307,66],{"class":58},[44,6309,6310],{"class":62}," 8",[44,6312,72],{"class":58},[44,6314,6315],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6316,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,6318,6319,6322,6324],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,6320,6321],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6323,55],{"class":54},[44,6325,6326],{"class":1582}," False\n",[44,6328,6329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6330,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,6332,6333,6335,6338,6340,6342],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,6334,5909],{"class":3832},[44,6336,6337],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6339,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6341,916],{"class":50},[44,6343,6344],{"class":58},":\n",[44,6346,6347,6350,6352,6355,6357,6360,6362],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,6348,6349],{"class":3832},"    if",[44,6351,6337],{"class":50},[44,6353,6354],{"class":54},"%",[44,6356,69],{"class":62},[44,6358,6359],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6361,3790],{"class":62},[44,6363,6344],{"class":58},[44,6365,6366,6369,6371],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,6367,6368],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6370,55],{"class":54},[44,6372,6373],{"class":1582}," True\n",[44,6375,6376],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,6377,6378],{"class":3832},"        break\n",[44,6380,6381],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,6382,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,6384,6385,6387,6389,6392],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,6386,128],{"class":127},[44,6388,115],{"class":58},[44,6390,6391],{"class":111},"found_even",[44,6393,121],{"class":58},[20,6395,6396],{},"You can write:",[35,6398,6400],{"className":37,"code":6399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6401,6402,6426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6403,6404,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414,6416,6418,6420,6422,6424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6405,51],{"class":50},[44,6407,55],{"class":54},[44,6409,59],{"class":58},[44,6411,63],{"class":62},[44,6413,66],{"class":58},[44,6415,2408],{"class":62},[44,6417,66],{"class":58},[44,6419,4557],{"class":62},[44,6421,66],{"class":58},[44,6423,6310],{"class":62},[44,6425,72],{"class":58},[44,6427,6428,6430,6432,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6429,128],{"class":127},[44,6431,115],{"class":58},[44,6433,5308],{"class":127},[44,6435,115],{"class":58},[44,6437,2174],{"class":111},[44,6439,6354],{"class":54},[44,6441,69],{"class":62},[44,6443,6359],{"class":54},[44,6445,3790],{"class":62},[44,6447,3833],{"class":3832},[44,6449,6337],{"class":111},[44,6451,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6453,916],{"class":111},[44,6455,637],{"class":58},[20,6457,6458,6459,6461],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6460,5138],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6463,1083],{"id":1082},[20,6465,6466,6467,108],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6468,5138],{},[420,6470,6472],{"id":6471},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6474,4477],{},[35,6476,6478],{"className":37,"code":6477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6479,6480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6481,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6483,128],{"class":127},[44,6485,115],{"class":58},[44,6487,5308],{"class":127},[44,6489,115],{"class":58},[44,6491,1410],{"class":62},[44,6493,637],{"class":58},[20,6495,6496,6497,1418],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6498,1410],{},[20,6500,6501],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6503,6505],{"className":37,"code":6504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6506,6507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6508,6509,6511,6513,6515,6517,6519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6510,128],{"class":127},[44,6512,115],{"class":58},[44,6514,5308],{"class":127},[44,6516,457],{"class":58},[44,6518,1410],{"class":62},[44,6520,2957],{"class":58},[420,6522,6524],{"id":6523},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6526,6527,6529,6530,6533],{},[15,6528,5138],{}," needs only ",[214,6531,6532],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,6535,6537],{"className":37,"code":6536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6538,6539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6540,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6542,128],{"class":127},[44,6544,115],{"class":58},[44,6546,5308],{"class":127},[44,6548,457],{"class":58},[44,6550,3633],{"class":1582},[44,6552,66],{"class":58},[44,6554,3863],{"class":1582},[44,6556,66],{"class":58},[44,6558,3872],{"class":1582},[44,6560,2957],{"class":58},[20,6562,2028],{},[35,6564,6565],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6566,6567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6568,6569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6570,3936],{"class":1582},[20,6572,6573,6574,1239],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[394,6575,6576],{"href":5379},[15,6577,3539],{},[420,6579,6581],{"id":6580},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6583,6584,6585,108],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6586,6587],{},"\"True\"",[35,6589,6591],{"className":37,"code":6590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6592,6593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6594,6595,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6596,128],{"class":127},[44,6598,115],{"class":58},[44,6600,5308],{"class":127},[44,6602,457],{"class":58},[44,6604,273],{"class":272},[44,6606,3633],{"class":276},[44,6608,273],{"class":272},[44,6610,2957],{"class":58},[20,6612,2028],{},[35,6614,6615],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6616,6617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6618,6619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6620,3936],{"class":1582},[20,6622,6623,6624,6627],{},"That is because ",[15,6625,6626],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[420,6629,6631],{"id":6630},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6633,6634],{},"This works:",[35,6636,6638],{"className":37,"code":6637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6639,6640,6660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6641,6642,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6643,51],{"class":50},[44,6645,55],{"class":54},[44,6647,59],{"class":58},[44,6649,63],{"class":62},[44,6651,66],{"class":58},[44,6653,69],{"class":62},[44,6655,66],{"class":58},[44,6657,2408],{"class":62},[44,6659,72],{"class":58},[44,6661,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6663,128],{"class":127},[44,6665,115],{"class":58},[44,6667,5308],{"class":127},[44,6669,457],{"class":58},[44,6671,2982],{"class":111},[44,6673,4206],{"class":54},[44,6675,69],{"class":62},[44,6677,3833],{"class":3832},[44,6679,3836],{"class":111},[44,6681,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6683,916],{"class":111},[44,6685,2957],{"class":58},[20,6687,6688],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6690,6692],{"className":37,"code":6691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6693,6694,6714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6695,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6697,51],{"class":50},[44,6699,55],{"class":54},[44,6701,59],{"class":58},[44,6703,63],{"class":62},[44,6705,66],{"class":58},[44,6707,69],{"class":62},[44,6709,66],{"class":58},[44,6711,2408],{"class":62},[44,6713,72],{"class":58},[44,6715,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6717,128],{"class":127},[44,6719,115],{"class":58},[44,6721,5308],{"class":127},[44,6723,115],{"class":58},[44,6725,2982],{"class":111},[44,6727,4206],{"class":54},[44,6729,69],{"class":62},[44,6731,3833],{"class":3832},[44,6733,3836],{"class":111},[44,6735,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6737,916],{"class":111},[44,6739,637],{"class":58},[20,6741,6742],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6744,1757],{"id":1756},[420,6746,6748],{"id":6747},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6750,5102,6751,6753,6754,108],{},[15,6752,3565],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6755,3633],{},[420,6757,6759],{"id":6758},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6761,6762,877,6764,6766],{},[15,6763,5138],{},[15,6765,3633],{}," for an empty iterable.",[420,6768,6770],{"id":6769},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6772,6773,6775,6776,6778],{},[15,6774,5138],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6777,3539],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[420,6780,6782],{"id":6781},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6784,6785],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6787,6788],{"className":37,"code":5895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6789,6790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6791,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6793,5308],{"class":127},[44,6795,115],{"class":58},[44,6797,5906],{"class":111},[44,6799,5909],{"class":3832},[44,6801,5912],{"class":111},[44,6803,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6805,5917],{"class":111},[44,6807,121],{"class":58},[20,6809,1659],{},[35,6811,6812],{"className":37,"code":6691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6813,6814,6834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6815,6816,6818,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6817,51],{"class":50},[44,6819,55],{"class":54},[44,6821,59],{"class":58},[44,6823,63],{"class":62},[44,6825,66],{"class":58},[44,6827,69],{"class":62},[44,6829,66],{"class":58},[44,6831,2408],{"class":62},[44,6833,72],{"class":58},[44,6835,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6837,128],{"class":127},[44,6839,115],{"class":58},[44,6841,5308],{"class":127},[44,6843,115],{"class":58},[44,6845,2982],{"class":111},[44,6847,4206],{"class":54},[44,6849,69],{"class":62},[44,6851,3833],{"class":3832},[44,6853,3836],{"class":111},[44,6855,3839],{"class":3832},[44,6857,916],{"class":111},[44,6859,637],{"class":58},[30,6861,1821],{"id":1820},[161,6863,6864,6870,6874,6878,6883],{},[164,6865,6866],{},[394,6867,6868,3469],{"href":5379},[15,6869,3539],{},[164,6871,6872],{},[394,6873,3764],{"href":5728},[164,6875,6876],{},[394,6877,5170],{"href":5537},[164,6879,6880],{},[394,6881,6882],{"href":6149},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[164,6884,6885],{},[394,6886,6887,3469],{"href":5731},[15,6888,3770],{},[1872,6890,6891],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":6893},[6894,6895,6896,6897,6898,6899,6900,6901,6907,6913],{"id":5329,"depth":75,"text":5330},{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385},{"id":3686,"depth":75,"text":3687},{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":5880,"depth":75,"text":5881},{"id":6153,"depth":75,"text":6154},{"id":6263,"depth":75,"text":6264},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":6902},[6903,6904,6905,6906],{"id":6471,"depth":95,"text":6472},{"id":6523,"depth":95,"text":6524},{"id":6580,"depth":95,"text":6581},{"id":6630,"depth":95,"text":6631},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":6908},[6909,6910,6911,6912],{"id":6747,"depth":95,"text":6748},{"id":6758,"depth":95,"text":6759},{"id":6769,"depth":95,"text":6770},{"id":6781,"depth":95,"text":6782},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5233,"description":6914},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6920,"title":6921,"body":6922,"description":9052,"extension":1921,"meta":9053,"navigation":98,"path":9054,"seo":9055,"stem":9056,"__hash__":9057},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6923,"toc":9015},[6924,6927,6936,6946,6948,7045,7047,7076,7092,7096,7101,7104,7114,7120,7126,7142,7144,7152,7159,7163,7166,7181,7186,7204,7209,7211,7259,7261,7278,7282,7288,7291,7326,7328,7434,7436,7473,7477,7485,7487,7507,7509,7630,7632,7661,7664,7687,7689,7697,7705,7709,7715,7719,7760,7762,7770,7773,7801,7803,7811,7815,7844,7846,7854,7886,7888,7896,7900,7951,7953,7961,7969,7973,7976,8029,8031,8051,8058,8062,8068,8071,8079,8101,8103,8111,8119,8142,8144,8152,8157,8162,8174,8176,8217,8228,8232,8241,8244,8247,8304,8307,8359,8362,8367,8383,8389,8391,8396,8405,8408,8430,8432,8440,8445,8448,8483,8485,8493,8497,8502,8540,8552,8555,8610,8618,8622,8625,8647,8656,8659,8700,8702,8725,8731,8737,8752,8754,8774,8777,8796,8798,8817,8821,8827,8906,8909,8923,8930,8932,8936,8943,8947,8951,8955,8960,8964,8969,8973,8980,8982,9012],[10,6925,6921],{"id":6926},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6928,1938,6929,6931,6932,2837,6934,108],{},[15,6930,3770],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6933,3565],{},[15,6935,3633],{},[20,6937,6938,6939,6941,6942,6945],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6940,3770],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6943,6944],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,6947,3570],{"id":3569},[35,6949,6951],{"className":37,"code":6950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6952,6953,6967,6981,6995,7013,7023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6956,128],{"class":127},[44,6958,115],{"class":58},[44,6960,3823],{"class":1458},[44,6962,115],{"class":58},[44,6964,746],{"class":62},[44,6966,637],{"class":58},[44,6968,6969,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,6970,128],{"class":127},[44,6972,115],{"class":58},[44,6974,3823],{"class":1458},[44,6976,115],{"class":58},[44,6978,63],{"class":62},[44,6980,637],{"class":58},[44,6982,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,6984,128],{"class":127},[44,6986,115],{"class":58},[44,6988,3823],{"class":1458},[44,6990,115],{"class":58},[44,6992,6224],{"class":272},[44,6994,637],{"class":58},[44,6996,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6998,128],{"class":127},[44,7000,115],{"class":58},[44,7002,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7004,115],{"class":58},[44,7006,273],{"class":272},[44,7008,1262],{"class":276},[44,7010,273],{"class":272},[44,7012,637],{"class":58},[44,7014,7015,7017,7019,7021],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7016,128],{"class":127},[44,7018,115],{"class":58},[44,7020,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7022,4381],{"class":58},[44,7024,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7026,128],{"class":127},[44,7028,115],{"class":58},[44,7030,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7032,457],{"class":58},[44,7034,63],{"class":62},[44,7036,66],{"class":58},[44,7038,69],{"class":62},[44,7040,66],{"class":58},[44,7042,2408],{"class":62},[44,7044,2957],{"class":58},[20,7046,5510],{},[35,7048,7050],{"className":37,"code":7049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7051,7052,7056,7060,7064,7068,7072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7053,7054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7055,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7057,7058],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7059,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7061,7062],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7063,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7065,7066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7067,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7069,7070],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7071,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7073,7074],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7075,3936],{"class":1582},[20,7077,144,7078,7081,7082,2837,7084,7086,7087,7089,7090,108],{},[15,7079,7080],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7083,3565],{},[15,7085,3633],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7088,3633],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7091,3565],{},[30,7093,7095],{"id":7094},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7097,7098,7100],{},[15,7099,3770],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7102,7103],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[161,7105,7106,7110],{},[164,7107,7108],{},[15,7109,3565],{},[164,7111,7112],{},[15,7113,3633],{},[20,7115,7116,7117,7119],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7118,6944],{}," statements.",[20,7121,7122,7123,7125],{},"You can also call ",[15,7124,3770],{}," with no argument:",[35,7127,7129],{"className":37,"code":7128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7130,7131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7132,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7134,128],{"class":127},[44,7136,115],{"class":58},[44,7138,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7140,7141],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,7143,2028],{},[35,7145,7146],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7147,7148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7149,7150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7151,3997],{"class":1582},[20,7153,7154,7155,108],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[394,7156,7158],{"href":7157},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7160,7162],{"id":7161},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7164,7165],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,7167,7169],{"className":37,"code":7168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7170,7171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7172,7173,7175,7177,7179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7174,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7176,115],{"class":58},[44,7178,2429],{"class":111},[44,7180,121],{"class":58},[20,7182,1938,7183,7185],{},[15,7184,2429],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[161,7187,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7199,7201],{},[164,7189,105],{},[164,7191,5263],{},[164,7193,5254],{},[164,7195,5257],{},[164,7197,7198],{},"dictionaries",[164,7200,5260],{},[164,7202,7203],{},"other objects",[20,7205,7206,7207,108],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7208,3633],{},[20,7210,2164],{},[35,7212,7214],{"className":37,"code":7213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7215,7216,7230,7249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7217,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7219,128],{"class":127},[44,7221,115],{"class":58},[44,7223,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7225,115],{"class":58},[44,7227,2287],{"class":62},[44,7229,637],{"class":58},[44,7231,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242,7245,7247],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7233,128],{"class":127},[44,7235,115],{"class":58},[44,7237,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7239,115],{"class":58},[44,7241,273],{"class":272},[44,7243,7244],{"class":276},"Python",[44,7246,273],{"class":272},[44,7248,637],{"class":58},[44,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7252,128],{"class":127},[44,7254,115],{"class":58},[44,7256,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7258,7141],{"class":58},[20,7260,2028],{},[35,7262,7264],{"className":37,"code":7263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7265,7266,7270,7274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7267,7268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7269,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7271,7272],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7273,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7275,7276],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7277,3997],{"class":1582},[30,7279,7281],{"id":7280},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7283,7284,7285,7287],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[214,7286,5547],{}," values.",[20,7289,7290],{},"Common examples:",[161,7292,7293,7297,7301,7305,7309,7314,7318,7322],{},[164,7294,7295],{},[15,7296,746],{},[164,7298,7299],{},[15,7300,3726],{},[164,7302,7303],{},[15,7304,6224],{},[164,7306,7307],{},[15,7308,3744],{},[164,7310,7311],{},[15,7312,7313],{},"()",[164,7315,7316],{},[15,7317,3749],{},[164,7319,7320],{},[15,7321,3754],{},[164,7323,7324],{},[15,7325,178],{},[20,7327,2164],{},[35,7329,7331],{"className":37,"code":7330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7332,7333,7347,7361,7375,7385,7395,7406,7420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7334,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343,7345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7336,128],{"class":127},[44,7338,115],{"class":58},[44,7340,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7342,115],{"class":58},[44,7344,746],{"class":62},[44,7346,637],{"class":58},[44,7348,7349,7351,7353,7355,7357,7359],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7350,128],{"class":127},[44,7352,115],{"class":58},[44,7354,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7356,115],{"class":58},[44,7358,3726],{"class":62},[44,7360,637],{"class":58},[44,7362,7363,7365,7367,7369,7371,7373],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7364,128],{"class":127},[44,7366,115],{"class":58},[44,7368,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7370,115],{"class":58},[44,7372,6224],{"class":272},[44,7374,637],{"class":58},[44,7376,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7378,128],{"class":127},[44,7380,115],{"class":58},[44,7382,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7384,4381],{"class":58},[44,7386,7387,7389,7391,7393],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7388,128],{"class":127},[44,7390,115],{"class":58},[44,7392,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7394,4439],{"class":58},[44,7396,7397,7399,7401,7403],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7398,128],{"class":127},[44,7400,115],{"class":58},[44,7402,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7404,7405],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414,7416,7418],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,7409,128],{"class":127},[44,7411,115],{"class":58},[44,7413,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7415,115],{"class":58},[44,7417,236],{"class":1458},[44,7419,6241],{"class":58},[44,7421,7422,7424,7426,7428,7430,7432],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,7423,128],{"class":127},[44,7425,115],{"class":58},[44,7427,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7429,115],{"class":58},[44,7431,178],{"class":1582},[44,7433,637],{"class":58},[20,7435,2028],{},[35,7437,7439],{"className":37,"code":7438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7440,7441,7445,7449,7453,7457,7461,7465,7469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7442,7443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7444,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7446,7447],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7448,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7450,7451],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7452,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7454,7455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7456,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7458,7459],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7460,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7462,7463],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7464,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7466,7467],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,7468,3997],{"class":1582},[44,7470,7471],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,7472,3997],{"class":1582},[30,7474,7476],{"id":7475},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7478,7479,7480,7482,7483,7287],{},"Many values become ",[15,7481,3565],{},". These are often called ",[214,7484,5544],{},[20,7486,7290],{},[161,7488,7489,7492,7495,7498,7501,7504],{},[164,7490,7491],{},"non-zero numbers",[164,7493,7494],{},"non-empty strings",[164,7496,7497],{},"non-empty lists",[164,7499,7500],{},"non-empty tuples",[164,7502,7503],{},"non-empty sets",[164,7505,7506],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7508,2164],{},[35,7510,7512],{"className":37,"code":7511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7513,7514,7528,7544,7562,7584,7602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7515,7516,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7517,128],{"class":127},[44,7519,115],{"class":58},[44,7521,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7523,115],{"class":58},[44,7525,1410],{"class":62},[44,7527,637],{"class":58},[44,7529,7530,7532,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7531,128],{"class":127},[44,7533,115],{"class":58},[44,7535,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7537,115],{"class":58},[44,7539,1980],{"class":54},[44,7541,801],{"class":62},[44,7543,637],{"class":58},[44,7545,7546,7548,7550,7552,7554,7556,7558,7560],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7547,128],{"class":127},[44,7549,115],{"class":58},[44,7551,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7553,115],{"class":58},[44,7555,273],{"class":272},[44,7557,1262],{"class":276},[44,7559,273],{"class":272},[44,7561,637],{"class":58},[44,7563,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7565,128],{"class":127},[44,7567,115],{"class":58},[44,7569,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7571,457],{"class":58},[44,7573,63],{"class":62},[44,7575,66],{"class":58},[44,7577,69],{"class":62},[44,7579,66],{"class":58},[44,7581,2408],{"class":62},[44,7583,2957],{"class":58},[44,7585,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7587,128],{"class":127},[44,7589,115],{"class":58},[44,7591,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7593,628],{"class":58},[44,7595,63],{"class":62},[44,7597,66],{"class":58},[44,7599,69],{"class":62},[44,7601,2871],{"class":58},[44,7603,7604,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7617,7619,7621,7623,7626,7628],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7605,128],{"class":127},[44,7607,115],{"class":58},[44,7609,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7611,842],{"class":58},[44,7613,273],{"class":272},[44,7615,7616],{"class":276},"name",[44,7618,273],{"class":272},[44,7620,159],{"class":58},[44,7622,284],{"class":272},[44,7624,7625],{"class":276},"Sam",[44,7627,273],{"class":272},[44,7629,5489],{"class":58},[20,7631,2028],{},[35,7633,7635],{"className":37,"code":7634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7636,7637,7641,7645,7649,7653,7657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7638,7639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7640,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7642,7643],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7644,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7646,7647],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7648,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7650,7651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7652,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7654,7655],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,7656,3936],{"class":1582},[44,7658,7659],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,7660,3936],{"class":1582},[20,7662,7663],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7665,7667],{"className":37,"code":7666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7668,7669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7670,7671,7673,7675,7677,7679,7681,7683,7685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7672,128],{"class":127},[44,7674,115],{"class":58},[44,7676,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7678,115],{"class":58},[44,7680,273],{"class":272},[44,7682,3633],{"class":276},[44,7684,273],{"class":272},[44,7686,637],{"class":58},[20,7688,2028],{},[35,7690,7691],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7692,7693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7694,7695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7696,3936],{"class":1582},[20,7698,7699,7700,7702,7703,108],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7701,6626],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7704,3565],{},[30,7706,7708],{"id":7707},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7710,7711,7712,7714],{},"You can use ",[15,7713,3770],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[420,7716,7718],{"id":7717},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7720,7722],{"className":37,"code":7721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7723,7724,7746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7725,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736,7739,7741,7744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7727,818],{"class":50},[44,7729,55],{"class":54},[44,7731,59],{"class":58},[44,7733,2287],{"class":62},[44,7735,66],{"class":58},[44,7737,7738],{"class":62}," 20",[44,7740,66],{"class":58},[44,7742,7743],{"class":62}," 30",[44,7745,72],{"class":58},[44,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7749,128],{"class":127},[44,7751,115],{"class":58},[44,7753,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7755,115],{"class":58},[44,7757,835],{"class":111},[44,7759,637],{"class":58},[20,7761,2028],{},[35,7763,7764],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7765,7766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7767,7768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7769,3936],{"class":1582},[20,7771,7772],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7774,7776],{"className":37,"code":7775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7777,7778,7787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7779,7780,7782,7784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7781,818],{"class":50},[44,7783,55],{"class":54},[44,7785,7786],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,7788,7789,7791,7793,7795,7797,7799],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7790,128],{"class":127},[44,7792,115],{"class":58},[44,7794,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7796,115],{"class":58},[44,7798,835],{"class":111},[44,7800,637],{"class":58},[20,7802,2028],{},[35,7804,7805],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7806,7807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7808,7809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7810,3997],{"class":1582},[420,7812,7814],{"id":7813},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7816,7818],{"className":37,"code":7817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7819,7820,7830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7821,7822,7825,7827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7823,7824],{"class":50},"name ",[44,7826,55],{"class":54},[44,7828,7829],{"class":272}," \"\"\n",[44,7831,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7833,128],{"class":127},[44,7835,115],{"class":58},[44,7837,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7839,115],{"class":58},[44,7841,7616],{"class":111},[44,7843,637],{"class":58},[20,7845,2028],{},[35,7847,7848],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7849,7850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7851,7852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7853,3997],{"class":1582},[35,7855,7857],{"className":37,"code":7856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7858,7859,7872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7860,7861,7863,7865,7867,7870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7862,7824],{"class":50},[44,7864,55],{"class":54},[44,7866,284],{"class":272},[44,7868,7869],{"class":276},"Mia",[44,7871,3318],{"class":272},[44,7873,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7875,128],{"class":127},[44,7877,115],{"class":58},[44,7879,3823],{"class":1458},[44,7881,115],{"class":58},[44,7883,7616],{"class":111},[44,7885,637],{"class":58},[20,7887,2028],{},[35,7889,7890],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7891,7892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7893,7894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7895,3936],{"class":1582},[420,7897,7899],{"id":7898},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7901,7903],{"className":37,"code":7902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7904,7905,7919,7936,7940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7906,7907,7910,7912,7914,7917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7908,7909],{"class":50},"username ",[44,7911,55],{"class":54},[44,7913,284],{"class":272},[44,7915,7916],{"class":276},"alex",[44,7918,3318],{"class":272},[44,7920,7921,7924,7926,7929,7931,7934],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,7922,7923],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7925,55],{"class":54},[44,7927,7928],{"class":1458}," bool",[44,7930,115],{"class":58},[44,7932,7933],{"class":111},"username",[44,7935,121],{"class":58},[44,7937,7938],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,7939,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,7941,7942,7944,7946,7949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7943,128],{"class":127},[44,7945,115],{"class":58},[44,7947,7948],{"class":111},"has_name",[44,7950,121],{"class":58},[20,7952,2028],{},[35,7954,7955],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7956,7957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7958,7959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7960,3936],{"class":1582},[20,7962,7963,7964,2837,7966,7968],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7965,3565],{},[15,7967,3633],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[420,7970,7972],{"id":7971},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7974,7975],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7977,7979],{"className":37,"code":7978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7980,7981,8001,8005,8013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7982,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,7999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7984,51],{"class":50},[44,7986,55],{"class":54},[44,7988,59],{"class":58},[44,7990,63],{"class":62},[44,7992,66],{"class":58},[44,7994,69],{"class":62},[44,7996,66],{"class":58},[44,7998,2408],{"class":62},[44,8000,72],{"class":58},[44,8002,8003],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8004,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,8006,8007,8009,8011],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,8008,6944],{"class":3832},[44,8010,916],{"class":50},[44,8012,6344],{"class":58},[44,8014,8015,8018,8020,8022,8025,8027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8016,8017],{"class":127},"    print",[44,8019,115],{"class":58},[44,8021,273],{"class":272},[44,8023,8024],{"class":276},"The list is not empty",[44,8026,273],{"class":272},[44,8028,121],{"class":58},[20,8030,2028],{},[35,8032,8034],{"className":37,"code":8033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8035,8036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8037,8038,8040,8042,8045,8048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8039,1938],{"class":50},[44,8041,226],{"class":1458},[44,8043,8044],{"class":54}," is",[44,8046,8047],{"class":54}," not",[44,8049,8050],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,8052,8053,8054,108],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[394,8055,8057],{"href":8056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,8059,8061],{"id":8060},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8063,8064,8065,8067],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8066,3770],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8069,8070],{},"It does not do that.",[420,8072,8074,877,8077],{"id":8073},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8075,8076],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8078,3565],{},[35,8080,8081],{"className":37,"code":7666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8082,8083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8084,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8086,128],{"class":127},[44,8088,115],{"class":58},[44,8090,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8092,115],{"class":58},[44,8094,273],{"class":272},[44,8096,3633],{"class":276},[44,8098,273],{"class":272},[44,8100,637],{"class":58},[20,8102,2028],{},[35,8104,8105],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8106,8107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8108,8109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8110,3936],{"class":1582},[420,8112,8114,877,8117],{"id":8113},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8115,8116],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8118,3565],{},[35,8120,8122],{"className":37,"code":8121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8123,8124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8125,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8127,128],{"class":127},[44,8129,115],{"class":58},[44,8131,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8133,115],{"class":58},[44,8135,273],{"class":272},[44,8137,746],{"class":276},[44,8139,273],{"class":272},[44,8141,637],{"class":58},[20,8143,2028],{},[35,8145,8146],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8147,8148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8149,8150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8151,3936],{"class":1582},[20,8153,8154,8155,108],{},"This happens because both values are ",[214,8156,7494],{},[20,8158,8159,8161],{},[15,8160,3770],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8163,8164,8165,8170,8171,8173],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[394,8166,8168],{"href":8167},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8169,2917],{},", because ",[15,8172,2917],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8175,2164],{},[35,8177,8179],{"className":37,"code":8178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8180,8181,8202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8182,8183,8186,8188,8191,8193,8195,8198,8200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8184,8185],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8187,55],{"class":54},[44,8189,8190],{"class":127}," input",[44,8192,115],{"class":58},[44,8194,273],{"class":272},[44,8196,8197],{"class":276},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8199,273],{"class":272},[44,8201,121],{"class":58},[44,8203,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212,8215],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8205,128],{"class":127},[44,8207,115],{"class":58},[44,8209,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8211,115],{"class":58},[44,8213,8214],{"class":111},"user_value",[44,8216,637],{"class":58},[20,8218,8219,8220,8222,8223,8170,8225,8227],{},"If the user types ",[15,8221,3633],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8224,3565],{},[15,8226,6626],{}," is not empty.",[30,8229,8231],{"id":8230},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8233,8234,8235,8237,8238,8240],{},"In many ",[15,8236,6944],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8239,3770],{}," yourself.",[20,8242,8243],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8245,8246],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8248,8250],{"className":37,"code":8249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8251,8252,8272,8276,8289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8253,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8255,1523],{"class":50},[44,8257,55],{"class":54},[44,8259,59],{"class":58},[44,8261,63],{"class":62},[44,8263,66],{"class":58},[44,8265,69],{"class":62},[44,8267,66],{"class":58},[44,8269,2408],{"class":62},[44,8271,72],{"class":58},[44,8273,8274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8275,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,8277,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,8279,6944],{"class":3832},[44,8281,7928],{"class":1458},[44,8283,115],{"class":58},[44,8285,1447],{"class":111},[44,8287,8288],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,8290,8291,8293,8295,8297,8300,8302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8292,8017],{"class":127},[44,8294,115],{"class":58},[44,8296,273],{"class":272},[44,8298,8299],{"class":276},"List has items",[44,8301,273],{"class":272},[44,8303,121],{"class":58},[20,8305,8306],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8308,8310],{"className":37,"code":8309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8311,8312,8332,8336,8345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8313,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8315,1523],{"class":50},[44,8317,55],{"class":54},[44,8319,59],{"class":58},[44,8321,63],{"class":62},[44,8323,66],{"class":58},[44,8325,69],{"class":62},[44,8327,66],{"class":58},[44,8329,2408],{"class":62},[44,8331,72],{"class":58},[44,8333,8334],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8335,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,8337,8338,8340,8343],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,8339,6944],{"class":3832},[44,8341,8342],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8344,6344],{"class":58},[44,8346,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8357],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8348,8017],{"class":127},[44,8350,115],{"class":58},[44,8352,273],{"class":272},[44,8354,8299],{"class":276},[44,8356,273],{"class":272},[44,8358,121],{"class":58},[20,8360,8361],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8363,582,8364,8366],{},[15,8365,3770],{}," is still helpful when:",[161,8368,8369,8372,8380],{},[164,8370,8371],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[164,8373,8374,8375,2837,8377,8379],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8376,3565],{},[15,8378,3633],{}," value",[164,8381,8382],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8384,8385,8386,108],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[394,8387,8388],{"href":2255},"Python type() function explained",[30,8390,2788],{"id":2787},[20,8392,8393,8394,108],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8395,3770],{},[420,8397,8399,8400,8402,8403],{"id":8398},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8401,8076],{}," to return ",[15,8404,3633],{},[20,8406,8407],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8409,8410],{"className":37,"code":7666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8411,8412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8413,8414,8416,8418,8420,8422,8424,8426,8428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8415,128],{"class":127},[44,8417,115],{"class":58},[44,8419,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8421,115],{"class":58},[44,8423,273],{"class":272},[44,8425,3633],{"class":276},[44,8427,273],{"class":272},[44,8429,637],{"class":58},[20,8431,2028],{},[35,8433,8434],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8435,8436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8437,8438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8439,3936],{"class":1582},[20,8441,8442,8443,6627],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8444,6626],{},[20,8446,8447],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8449,8451],{"className":37,"code":8450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8452,8453,8465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8454,8455,8457,8459,8461,8463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8456,2403],{"class":50},[44,8458,55],{"class":54},[44,8460,284],{"class":272},[44,8462,3633],{"class":276},[44,8464,3318],{"class":272},[44,8466,8467,8469,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479,8481],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8468,128],{"class":127},[44,8470,115],{"class":58},[44,8472,2403],{"class":111},[44,8474,4641],{"class":54},[44,8476,284],{"class":272},[44,8478,3565],{"class":276},[44,8480,273],{"class":272},[44,8482,121],{"class":58},[20,8484,2028],{},[35,8486,8487],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8488,8489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8490,8491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8492,3997],{"class":1582},[420,8494,8496],{"id":8495},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8498,8499,8501],{},[15,8500,2917],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8503,8505],{"className":37,"code":8504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8506,8507,8526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8508,8509,8511,8513,8515,8517,8519,8522,8524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8510,2403],{"class":50},[44,8512,55],{"class":54},[44,8514,8190],{"class":127},[44,8516,115],{"class":58},[44,8518,273],{"class":272},[44,8520,8521],{"class":276},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8523,273],{"class":272},[44,8525,121],{"class":58},[44,8527,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8529,128],{"class":127},[44,8531,115],{"class":58},[44,8533,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8535,115],{"class":58},[44,8537,2429],{"class":111},[44,8539,637],{"class":58},[20,8541,8219,8542,8545,8546,8548,8549,8227],{},[15,8543,8544],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8547,3565],{}," because ",[15,8550,8551],{},"\"no\"",[20,8553,8554],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8556,8558],{"className":37,"code":8557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8559,8560,8591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8561,8562,8564,8566,8568,8570,8572,8574,8576,8579,8582,8585,8588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8563,2403],{"class":50},[44,8565,55],{"class":54},[44,8567,8190],{"class":127},[44,8569,115],{"class":58},[44,8571,273],{"class":272},[44,8573,8521],{"class":276},[44,8575,273],{"class":272},[44,8577,8578],{"class":58},").",[44,8580,8581],{"class":111},"strip",[44,8583,8584],{"class":58},"().",[44,8586,8587],{"class":111},"lower",[44,8589,8590],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,8592,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603,8606,8608],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8594,128],{"class":127},[44,8596,115],{"class":58},[44,8598,2403],{"class":111},[44,8600,4641],{"class":54},[44,8602,284],{"class":272},[44,8604,8605],{"class":276},"yes",[44,8607,273],{"class":272},[44,8609,121],{"class":58},[20,8611,8612,8613,8615,8616,108],{},"This gives ",[15,8614,3565],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8617,8605],{},[420,8619,8621],{"id":8620},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8623,8624],{},"These are different:",[161,8626,8627,8631,8635,8639,8643],{},[164,8628,8629],{},[15,8630,3633],{},[164,8632,8633],{},[15,8634,746],{},[164,8636,8637],{},[15,8638,6224],{},[164,8640,8641],{},[15,8642,3744],{},[164,8644,8645],{},[15,8646,178],{},[20,8648,8649,8650,8652,8653,8655],{},"They all become ",[15,8651,3633],{}," with ",[15,8654,3770],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8657,8658],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8660,8662],{"className":37,"code":8661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8663,8664,8672,8686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8665,8666,8668,8670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8667,2403],{"class":50},[44,8669,55],{"class":54},[44,8671,7786],{"class":58},[44,8673,8674,8676,8678,8680,8682,8684],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8675,128],{"class":127},[44,8677,115],{"class":58},[44,8679,1459],{"class":1458},[44,8681,115],{"class":58},[44,8683,2429],{"class":111},[44,8685,637],{"class":58},[44,8687,8688,8690,8692,8694,8696,8698],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,8689,128],{"class":127},[44,8691,115],{"class":58},[44,8693,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8695,115],{"class":58},[44,8697,2429],{"class":111},[44,8699,637],{"class":58},[20,8701,2028],{},[35,8703,8705],{"className":37,"code":8704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8706,8707,8721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8708,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8710,3248],{"class":54},[44,8712,3251],{"class":2022},[44,8714,3254],{"class":272},[44,8716,226],{"class":276},[44,8718,3259],{"class":272},[44,8720,3262],{"class":54},[44,8722,8723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8724,3997],{"class":1582},[420,8726,582,8728,8730],{"id":8727},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8729,3749],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8732,8733,8734,8736],{},"In Python, ",[15,8735,3749],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8738,8740],{"className":37,"code":8739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8741,8742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8743,8744,8746,8748,8750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8745,128],{"class":127},[44,8747,115],{"class":58},[44,8749,1459],{"class":1458},[44,8751,7405],{"class":58},[20,8753,2028],{},[35,8755,8757],{"className":37,"code":8756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8758,8759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8760,8761,8763,8765,8767,8770,8772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8762,3248],{"class":54},[44,8764,3251],{"class":2022},[44,8766,3254],{"class":272},[44,8768,8769],{"class":276},"dict",[44,8771,3259],{"class":272},[44,8773,3262],{"class":54},[20,8775,8776],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8778,8780],{"className":37,"code":8779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8781,8782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8783,8784,8786,8788,8790,8792,8794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8785,128],{"class":127},[44,8787,115],{"class":58},[44,8789,1459],{"class":1458},[44,8791,115],{"class":58},[44,8793,236],{"class":1458},[44,8795,6241],{"class":58},[20,8797,2028],{},[35,8799,8801],{"className":37,"code":8800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8802,8803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8804,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8806,3248],{"class":54},[44,8808,3251],{"class":2022},[44,8810,3254],{"class":272},[44,8812,236],{"class":276},[44,8814,3259],{"class":272},[44,8816,3262],{"class":54},[30,8818,8820],{"id":8819},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8822,8823,8824,8826],{},"If ",[15,8825,3770],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8828,8830],{"className":37,"code":8829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8831,8832,8846,8860,8870,8888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8833,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8835,128],{"class":127},[44,8837,115],{"class":58},[44,8839,3823],{"class":1458},[44,8841,115],{"class":58},[44,8843,2429],{"class":111},[44,8845,637],{"class":58},[44,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,8849,128],{"class":127},[44,8851,115],{"class":58},[44,8853,1459],{"class":1458},[44,8855,115],{"class":58},[44,8857,2429],{"class":111},[44,8859,637],{"class":58},[44,8861,8862,8864,8866,8868],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,8863,128],{"class":127},[44,8865,115],{"class":58},[44,8867,2429],{"class":111},[44,8869,121],{"class":58},[44,8871,8872,8874,8876,8878,8880,8882,8884,8886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8873,128],{"class":127},[44,8875,115],{"class":58},[44,8877,2403],{"class":111},[44,8879,4641],{"class":54},[44,8881,284],{"class":272},[44,8883,3565],{"class":276},[44,8885,273],{"class":272},[44,8887,121],{"class":58},[44,8889,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900,8902,8904],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,8891,128],{"class":127},[44,8893,115],{"class":58},[44,8895,2429],{"class":111},[44,8897,108],{"class":58},[44,8899,8581],{"class":111},[44,8901,8584],{"class":58},[44,8903,8587],{"class":111},[44,8905,7141],{"class":58},[20,8907,8908],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[161,8910,8911,8914,8917,8920],{},[164,8912,8913],{},"what the value really is",[164,8915,8916],{},"whether it is a string",[164,8918,8919],{},"whether it contains spaces",[164,8921,8922],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8924,8925,8926,108],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[394,8927,8929],{"href":8928},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,8931,1757],{"id":1756},[420,8933,8935],{"id":8934},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8937,8938,8939,2837,8941,108],{},"It returns either ",[15,8940,3565],{},[15,8942,3633],{},[420,8944,8946],{"id":8945},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8948,5102,8949,108],{},[15,8950,3633],{},[420,8952,8954],{"id":8953},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8956,8957,8958,108],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8959,3565],{},[420,8961,8963],{"id":8962},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8965,8966,8967,108],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8968,3633],{},[420,8970,8972],{"id":8971},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8974,8975,8976,2837,8978,3695],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8977,3565],{},[15,8979,3633],{},[30,8981,1821],{"id":1820},[161,8983,8984,8989,8993,8998,9002,9007],{},[164,8985,8986],{},[394,8987,8988],{"href":5728},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[164,8990,8991],{},[394,8992,8057],{"href":8056},[164,8994,8995],{},[394,8996,8997],{"href":8167},"Python input() function explained",[164,8999,9000],{},[394,9001,8388],{"href":2255},[164,9003,9004],{},[394,9005,9006],{"href":8928},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[164,9008,9009],{},[394,9010,9011],{"href":7157},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1872,9013,9014],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":9016},[9017,9018,9019,9020,9021,9022,9028,9034,9035,9043,9044,9051],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":7094,"depth":75,"text":7095},{"id":7161,"depth":75,"text":7162},{"id":7280,"depth":75,"text":7281},{"id":7475,"depth":75,"text":7476},{"id":7707,"depth":75,"text":7708,"children":9023},[9024,9025,9026,9027],{"id":7717,"depth":95,"text":7718},{"id":7813,"depth":95,"text":7814},{"id":7898,"depth":95,"text":7899},{"id":7971,"depth":95,"text":7972},{"id":8060,"depth":75,"text":8061,"children":9029},[9030,9032],{"id":8073,"depth":95,"text":9031},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8113,"depth":95,"text":9033},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8230,"depth":75,"text":8231},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":9036},[9037,9039,9040,9041],{"id":8398,"depth":95,"text":9038},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8495,"depth":95,"text":8496},{"id":8620,"depth":95,"text":8621},{"id":8727,"depth":95,"text":9042},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8819,"depth":75,"text":8820},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":9045},[9046,9047,9048,9049,9050],{"id":8934,"depth":95,"text":8935},{"id":8945,"depth":95,"text":8946},{"id":8953,"depth":95,"text":8954},{"id":8962,"depth":95,"text":8963},{"id":8971,"depth":95,"text":8972},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6921,"description":9052},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9059,"title":9060,"body":9061,"description":11255,"extension":1921,"meta":11256,"navigation":98,"path":11257,"seo":11258,"stem":11259,"__hash__":11260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9062,"toc":11217},[9063,9069,9075,9082,9087,9098,9105,9214,9218,9287,9292,9297,9302,9305,9316,9321,9324,9335,9342,9344,9349,9353,9378,9382,9391,9395,9458,9462,9495,9499,9544,9548,9585,9589,9592,9648,9652,9698,9701,9706,9745,9749,9772,9775,9789,9802,9806,9811,9878,9882,9918,9921,9929,9932,9996,10000,10032,10038,10040,10100,10107,10110,10188,10192,10225,10229,10232,10276,10280,10316,10319,10336,10339,10342,10395,10398,10409,10416,10425,10428,10486,10490,10531,10538,10546,10552,10560,10572,10577,10588,10661,10664,10676,10691,10695,10700,10704,10706,10749,10755,10758,10821,10825,10828,10837,10842,10879,10883,10886,10894,10897,10936,10940,10943,10994,10998,11019,11026,11028,11034,11061,11064,11119,11122,11133,11135,11142,11150,11156,11161,11168,11171,11178,11185,11187,11214],[10,9064,3536,9066,3540],{"id":9065},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9067,9068],{},"dict()",[20,9070,9071,9072,9074],{},"The built-in ",[15,9073,9068],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9076,9077,9078,9081],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[214,9079,9080],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9083,9084,9086],{},[15,9085,9068],{}," is commonly used to:",[161,9088,9089,9092,9095],{},[164,9090,9091],{},"create an empty dictionary",[164,9093,9094],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[164,9096,9097],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9099,9100,9101,108],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[394,9102,9104],{"href":9103},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,9106,9108],{"className":37,"code":9107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9109,9110,9145,9156,9160,9199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9111,9112,9115,9117,9120,9122,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9138,9140,9143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9113,9114],{"class":50},"data ",[44,9116,55],{"class":54},[44,9118,9119],{"class":1458}," dict",[44,9121,115],{"class":58},[44,9123,7616],{"class":9124},"s99_P",[44,9126,55],{"class":54},[44,9128,3259],{"class":272},[44,9130,4957],{"class":276},[44,9132,3259],{"class":272},[44,9134,66],{"class":58},[44,9136,9137],{"class":9124}," age",[44,9139,55],{"class":54},[44,9141,9142],{"class":62},"25",[44,9144,121],{"class":58},[44,9146,9147,9149,9151,9154],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9148,128],{"class":127},[44,9150,115],{"class":58},[44,9152,9153],{"class":111},"data",[44,9155,121],{"class":58},[44,9157,9158],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,9159,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,9161,9162,9165,9167,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9183,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9163,9164],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,9166,55],{"class":54},[44,9168,9169],{"class":58}," [(",[44,9171,3259],{"class":272},[44,9173,394],{"class":276},[44,9175,3259],{"class":272},[44,9177,66],{"class":58},[44,9179,5450],{"class":62},[44,9181,9182],{"class":58},"),",[44,9184,9185],{"class":58}," (",[44,9187,3259],{"class":272},[44,9189,4714],{"class":276},[44,9191,3259],{"class":272},[44,9193,66],{"class":58},[44,9195,69],{"class":62},[44,9197,9198],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,9200,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209,9212],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,9202,128],{"class":127},[44,9204,115],{"class":58},[44,9206,8769],{"class":1458},[44,9208,115],{"class":58},[44,9210,9211],{"class":111},"pairs",[44,9213,637],{"class":58},[20,9215,9216],{},[214,9217,2028],{},[35,9219,9221],{"className":37,"code":9220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9222,9223,9259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9224,9225,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9249,9251,9253,9256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9226,9227],{"class":58},"{",[44,9229,3259],{"class":272},[44,9231,7616],{"class":276},[44,9233,3259],{"class":272},[44,9235,159],{"class":58},[44,9237,3254],{"class":272},[44,9239,4957],{"class":276},[44,9241,3259],{"class":272},[44,9243,66],{"class":58},[44,9245,3254],{"class":272},[44,9247,9248],{"class":276},"age",[44,9250,3259],{"class":272},[44,9252,159],{"class":58},[44,9254,9255],{"class":62}," 25",[44,9257,9258],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,9260,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9262,9227],{"class":58},[44,9264,3259],{"class":272},[44,9266,394],{"class":276},[44,9268,3259],{"class":272},[44,9270,159],{"class":58},[44,9272,5450],{"class":62},[44,9274,66],{"class":58},[44,9276,3254],{"class":272},[44,9278,4714],{"class":276},[44,9280,3259],{"class":272},[44,9282,159],{"class":58},[44,9284,69],{"class":62},[44,9286,9258],{"class":58},[20,9288,144,9289,9291],{},[15,9290,9068],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9293,151,9295,154],{"id":9294},"what-dict-does",[15,9296,9068],{},[20,9298,9299,9301],{},[15,9300,9068],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9303,9304],{},"A dictionary:",[161,9306,9307,9310,9313],{},[164,9308,9309],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[164,9311,9312],{},"lets you look up values by key",[164,9314,9315],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9317,9318,9320],{},[15,9319,9068],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9322,9323],{},"Common uses include:",[161,9325,9326,9329,9332],{},[164,9327,9328],{},"making an empty dictionary",[164,9330,9331],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[164,9333,9334],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9336,9337,9338,108],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[394,9339,9341],{"href":9340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9343,188],{"id":187},[20,9345,9346,9348],{},[15,9347,9068],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[420,9350,9352],{"id":9351},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9354,9356],{"className":37,"code":9355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9357,9358,9368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9359,9360,9362,9364,9366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9361,9114],{"class":50},[44,9363,55],{"class":54},[44,9365,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9367,8590],{"class":58},[44,9369,9370,9372,9374,9376],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9371,128],{"class":127},[44,9373,115],{"class":58},[44,9375,9153],{"class":111},[44,9377,121],{"class":58},[20,9379,9380],{},[214,9381,2028],{},[35,9383,9385],{"className":37,"code":9384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9386,9387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9388,9389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9390,9384],{"class":58},[420,9392,9394],{"id":9393},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9396,9398],{"className":37,"code":9397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9399,9400,9434,9448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9401,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9403,9164],{"class":50},[44,9405,55],{"class":54},[44,9407,9169],{"class":58},[44,9409,3259],{"class":272},[44,9411,394],{"class":276},[44,9413,3259],{"class":272},[44,9415,66],{"class":58},[44,9417,5450],{"class":62},[44,9419,9182],{"class":58},[44,9421,9185],{"class":58},[44,9423,3259],{"class":272},[44,9425,4714],{"class":276},[44,9427,3259],{"class":272},[44,9429,66],{"class":58},[44,9431,69],{"class":62},[44,9433,9198],{"class":58},[44,9435,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9437,9114],{"class":50},[44,9439,55],{"class":54},[44,9441,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9443,115],{"class":58},[44,9445,9211],{"class":111},[44,9447,121],{"class":58},[44,9449,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,9451,128],{"class":127},[44,9453,115],{"class":58},[44,9455,9153],{"class":111},[44,9457,121],{"class":58},[20,9459,9460],{},[214,9461,2028],{},[35,9463,9465],{"className":37,"code":9464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9466,9467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9468,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9470,9227],{"class":58},[44,9472,3259],{"class":272},[44,9474,394],{"class":276},[44,9476,3259],{"class":272},[44,9478,159],{"class":58},[44,9480,5450],{"class":62},[44,9482,66],{"class":58},[44,9484,3254],{"class":272},[44,9486,4714],{"class":276},[44,9488,3259],{"class":272},[44,9490,159],{"class":58},[44,9492,69],{"class":62},[44,9494,9258],{"class":58},[420,9496,9498],{"id":9497},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9500,9502],{"className":37,"code":9501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9503,9504,9534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9505,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9507,9114],{"class":50},[44,9509,55],{"class":54},[44,9511,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9513,115],{"class":58},[44,9515,7616],{"class":9124},[44,9517,55],{"class":54},[44,9519,3259],{"class":272},[44,9521,4957],{"class":276},[44,9523,3259],{"class":272},[44,9525,66],{"class":58},[44,9527,9137],{"class":9124},[44,9529,55],{"class":54},[44,9531,9142],{"class":62},[44,9533,121],{"class":58},[44,9535,9536,9538,9540,9542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9537,128],{"class":127},[44,9539,115],{"class":58},[44,9541,9153],{"class":111},[44,9543,121],{"class":58},[20,9545,9546],{},[214,9547,2028],{},[35,9549,9551],{"className":37,"code":9550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9552,9553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9554,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9556,9227],{"class":58},[44,9558,3259],{"class":272},[44,9560,7616],{"class":276},[44,9562,3259],{"class":272},[44,9564,159],{"class":58},[44,9566,3254],{"class":272},[44,9568,4957],{"class":276},[44,9570,3259],{"class":272},[44,9572,66],{"class":58},[44,9574,3254],{"class":272},[44,9576,9248],{"class":276},[44,9578,3259],{"class":272},[44,9580,159],{"class":58},[44,9582,9255],{"class":62},[44,9584,9258],{"class":58},[420,9586,9588],{"id":9587},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9590,9591],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9593,9595],{"className":37,"code":9594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9596,9597,9638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9598,9599,9601,9603,9605,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9632,9634,9636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9600,9114],{"class":50},[44,9602,55],{"class":54},[44,9604,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9606,9607],{"class":58},"([(",[44,9609,3259],{"class":272},[44,9611,394],{"class":276},[44,9613,3259],{"class":272},[44,9615,66],{"class":58},[44,9617,5450],{"class":62},[44,9619,9620],{"class":58},")],",[44,9622,2516],{"class":9124},[44,9624,55],{"class":54},[44,9626,801],{"class":62},[44,9628,66],{"class":58},[44,9630,9631],{"class":9124}," c",[44,9633,55],{"class":54},[44,9635,85],{"class":62},[44,9637,121],{"class":58},[44,9639,9640,9642,9644,9646],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9641,128],{"class":127},[44,9643,115],{"class":58},[44,9645,9153],{"class":111},[44,9647,121],{"class":58},[20,9649,9650],{},[214,9651,2028],{},[35,9653,9655],{"className":37,"code":9654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9656,9657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9658,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9690,9692,9694,9696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9660,9227],{"class":58},[44,9662,3259],{"class":272},[44,9664,394],{"class":276},[44,9666,3259],{"class":272},[44,9668,159],{"class":58},[44,9670,5450],{"class":62},[44,9672,66],{"class":58},[44,9674,3254],{"class":272},[44,9676,4714],{"class":276},[44,9678,3259],{"class":272},[44,9680,159],{"class":58},[44,9682,69],{"class":62},[44,9684,66],{"class":58},[44,9686,3254],{"class":272},[44,9688,9689],{"class":276},"c",[44,9691,3259],{"class":272},[44,9693,159],{"class":58},[44,9695,2408],{"class":62},[44,9697,9258],{"class":58},[30,9699,9352],{"id":9700},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9702,144,9703,9705],{},[15,9704,9068],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9707,9709],{"className":37,"code":9708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9710,9711,9721,9735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9712,9713,9715,9717,9719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9714,9114],{"class":50},[44,9716,55],{"class":54},[44,9718,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9720,8590],{"class":58},[44,9722,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9724,128],{"class":127},[44,9726,115],{"class":58},[44,9728,1459],{"class":1458},[44,9730,115],{"class":58},[44,9732,9153],{"class":111},[44,9734,637],{"class":58},[44,9736,9737,9739,9741,9743],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,9738,128],{"class":127},[44,9740,115],{"class":58},[44,9742,9153],{"class":111},[44,9744,121],{"class":58},[20,9746,9747],{},[214,9748,2028],{},[35,9750,9752],{"className":37,"code":9751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9753,9754,9768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9755,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9757,3248],{"class":54},[44,9759,3251],{"class":2022},[44,9761,3254],{"class":272},[44,9763,8769],{"class":276},[44,9765,3259],{"class":272},[44,9767,3262],{"class":54},[44,9769,9770],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9771,9384],{"class":58},[20,9773,9774],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9776,9778],{"className":37,"code":9777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9779,9780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9781,9782,9784,9786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9783,9114],{"class":50},[44,9785,55],{"class":54},[44,9787,9788],{"class":58}," {}\n",[20,9790,9791,9792,9794,9795,9798,9799,9801],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9793,3749],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9796,9797],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9800,9068],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9803,9805],{"id":9804},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9807,9808,9809,108],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9810,9068],{},[35,9812,9814],{"className":37,"code":9813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9815,9816,9854,9868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9850,9852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9819,9164],{"class":50},[44,9821,55],{"class":54},[44,9823,9169],{"class":58},[44,9825,3259],{"class":272},[44,9827,7616],{"class":276},[44,9829,3259],{"class":272},[44,9831,66],{"class":58},[44,9833,3254],{"class":272},[44,9835,4957],{"class":276},[44,9837,3259],{"class":272},[44,9839,9182],{"class":58},[44,9841,9185],{"class":58},[44,9843,3259],{"class":272},[44,9845,9248],{"class":276},[44,9847,3259],{"class":272},[44,9849,66],{"class":58},[44,9851,9255],{"class":62},[44,9853,9198],{"class":58},[44,9855,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9857,9114],{"class":50},[44,9859,55],{"class":54},[44,9861,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9863,115],{"class":58},[44,9865,9211],{"class":111},[44,9867,121],{"class":58},[44,9869,9870,9872,9874,9876],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,9871,128],{"class":127},[44,9873,115],{"class":58},[44,9875,9153],{"class":111},[44,9877,121],{"class":58},[20,9879,9880],{},[214,9881,2028],{},[35,9883,9884],{"className":37,"code":9550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9885,9886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9887,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9889,9227],{"class":58},[44,9891,3259],{"class":272},[44,9893,7616],{"class":276},[44,9895,3259],{"class":272},[44,9897,159],{"class":58},[44,9899,3254],{"class":272},[44,9901,4957],{"class":276},[44,9903,3259],{"class":272},[44,9905,66],{"class":58},[44,9907,3254],{"class":272},[44,9909,9248],{"class":276},[44,9911,3259],{"class":272},[44,9913,159],{"class":58},[44,9915,9255],{"class":62},[44,9917,9258],{"class":58},[20,9919,9920],{},"Each pair becomes:",[161,9922,9923,9926],{},[164,9924,9925],{},"the first item as the key",[164,9927,9928],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9930,9931],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9933,9935],{"className":37,"code":9934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9936,9937,9972,9986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9938,9939,9941,9943,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9940,9164],{"class":50},[44,9942,55],{"class":54},[44,9944,9945],{"class":58}," ((",[44,9947,3259],{"class":272},[44,9949,394],{"class":276},[44,9951,3259],{"class":272},[44,9953,66],{"class":58},[44,9955,5450],{"class":62},[44,9957,9182],{"class":58},[44,9959,9185],{"class":58},[44,9961,3259],{"class":272},[44,9963,4714],{"class":276},[44,9965,3259],{"class":272},[44,9967,66],{"class":58},[44,9969,69],{"class":62},[44,9971,637],{"class":58},[44,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,9975,9114],{"class":50},[44,9977,55],{"class":54},[44,9979,9119],{"class":1458},[44,9981,115],{"class":58},[44,9983,9211],{"class":111},[44,9985,121],{"class":58},[44,9987,9988,9990,9992,9994],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,9989,128],{"class":127},[44,9991,115],{"class":58},[44,9993,9153],{"class":111},[44,9995,121],{"class":58},[20,9997,9998],{},[214,9999,2028],{},[35,10001,10002],{"className":37,"code":9464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10003,10004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10007,9227],{"class":58},[44,10009,3259],{"class":272},[44,10011,394],{"class":276},[44,10013,3259],{"class":272},[44,10015,159],{"class":58},[44,10017,5450],{"class":62},[44,10019,66],{"class":58},[44,10021,3254],{"class":272},[44,10023,4714],{"class":276},[44,10025,3259],{"class":272},[44,10027,159],{"class":58},[44,10029,69],{"class":62},[44,10031,9258],{"class":58},[20,10033,10034,10035,108],{},"Each item must contain ",[214,10036,10037],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10039,2795],{},[35,10041,10043],{"className":37,"code":10042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10044,10045,10085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10046,10047,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10048,10049],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,10051,55],{"class":54},[44,10053,9169],{"class":58},[44,10055,3259],{"class":272},[44,10057,394],{"class":276},[44,10059,3259],{"class":272},[44,10061,66],{"class":58},[44,10063,5450],{"class":62},[44,10065,66],{"class":58},[44,10067,10068],{"class":62}," 100",[44,10070,9182],{"class":58},[44,10072,9185],{"class":58},[44,10074,3259],{"class":272},[44,10076,4714],{"class":276},[44,10078,3259],{"class":272},[44,10080,66],{"class":58},[44,10082,69],{"class":62},[44,10084,9198],{"class":58},[44,10086,10087,10089,10091,10093,10095,10098],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10088,911],{"class":50},[44,10090,55],{"class":54},[44,10092,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10094,115],{"class":58},[44,10096,10097],{"class":111},"bad_data",[44,10099,121],{"class":58},[20,10101,10102,10103,10106],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10104,10105],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10108,10109],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,10111,10113],{"className":37,"code":10112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10114,10115,10164,10178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10116,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10118,9164],{"class":50},[44,10120,55],{"class":54},[44,10122,9169],{"class":58},[44,10124,3259],{"class":272},[44,10126,394],{"class":276},[44,10128,3259],{"class":272},[44,10130,66],{"class":58},[44,10132,5450],{"class":62},[44,10134,9182],{"class":58},[44,10136,9185],{"class":58},[44,10138,3259],{"class":272},[44,10140,394],{"class":276},[44,10142,3259],{"class":272},[44,10144,66],{"class":58},[44,10146,10147],{"class":62}," 99",[44,10149,9182],{"class":58},[44,10151,9185],{"class":58},[44,10153,3259],{"class":272},[44,10155,4714],{"class":276},[44,10157,3259],{"class":272},[44,10159,66],{"class":58},[44,10161,69],{"class":62},[44,10163,9198],{"class":58},[44,10165,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10167,9114],{"class":50},[44,10169,55],{"class":54},[44,10171,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10173,115],{"class":58},[44,10175,9211],{"class":111},[44,10177,121],{"class":58},[44,10179,10180,10182,10184,10186],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,10181,128],{"class":127},[44,10183,115],{"class":58},[44,10185,9153],{"class":111},[44,10187,121],{"class":58},[20,10189,10190],{},[214,10191,2028],{},[35,10193,10195],{"className":37,"code":10194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10196,10197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10198,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10200,9227],{"class":58},[44,10202,3259],{"class":272},[44,10204,394],{"class":276},[44,10206,3259],{"class":272},[44,10208,159],{"class":58},[44,10210,10147],{"class":62},[44,10212,66],{"class":58},[44,10214,3254],{"class":272},[44,10216,4714],{"class":276},[44,10218,3259],{"class":272},[44,10220,159],{"class":58},[44,10222,69],{"class":62},[44,10224,9258],{"class":58},[30,10226,10228],{"id":10227},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10230,10231],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10233,10234],{"className":37,"code":9501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10235,10236,10266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10237,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10239,9114],{"class":50},[44,10241,55],{"class":54},[44,10243,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10245,115],{"class":58},[44,10247,7616],{"class":9124},[44,10249,55],{"class":54},[44,10251,3259],{"class":272},[44,10253,4957],{"class":276},[44,10255,3259],{"class":272},[44,10257,66],{"class":58},[44,10259,9137],{"class":9124},[44,10261,55],{"class":54},[44,10263,9142],{"class":62},[44,10265,121],{"class":58},[44,10267,10268,10270,10272,10274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10269,128],{"class":127},[44,10271,115],{"class":58},[44,10273,9153],{"class":111},[44,10275,121],{"class":58},[20,10277,10278],{},[214,10279,2028],{},[35,10281,10282],{"className":37,"code":9550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10283,10284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10285,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10287,9227],{"class":58},[44,10289,3259],{"class":272},[44,10291,7616],{"class":276},[44,10293,3259],{"class":272},[44,10295,159],{"class":58},[44,10297,3254],{"class":272},[44,10299,4957],{"class":276},[44,10301,3259],{"class":272},[44,10303,66],{"class":58},[44,10305,3254],{"class":272},[44,10307,9248],{"class":276},[44,10309,3259],{"class":272},[44,10311,159],{"class":58},[44,10313,9255],{"class":62},[44,10315,9258],{"class":58},[20,10317,10318],{},"In this form:",[161,10320,10321,10329],{},[164,10322,10323,10325,10326],{},[15,10324,7616],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10327,10328],{},"'name'",[164,10330,10331,10325,10333],{},[15,10332,9248],{},[15,10334,10335],{},"'age'",[20,10337,10338],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10340,10341],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10343,10345],{"className":37,"code":10344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10346,10347,10385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10348,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10360,10362,10364,10367,10369,10371,10374,10376,10378,10381,10383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10350,9114],{"class":50},[44,10352,55],{"class":54},[44,10354,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10356,115],{"class":58},[44,10358,10359],{"class":9124},"city",[44,10361,55],{"class":54},[44,10363,3259],{"class":272},[44,10365,10366],{"class":276},"Paris",[44,10368,3259],{"class":272},[44,10370,66],{"class":58},[44,10372,10373],{"class":9124}," country",[44,10375,55],{"class":54},[44,10377,3259],{"class":272},[44,10379,10380],{"class":276},"France",[44,10382,3259],{"class":272},[44,10384,121],{"class":58},[44,10386,10387,10389,10391,10393],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10388,128],{"class":127},[44,10390,115],{"class":58},[44,10392,9153],{"class":111},[44,10394,121],{"class":58},[20,10396,10397],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[161,10399,10400,10403,10406],{},[164,10401,10402],{},"spaces",[164,10404,10405],{},"hyphens",[164,10407,10408],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10410,10411,10412,10415],{},"For example, this is ",[214,10413,10414],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10417,10419],{"className":37,"code":10418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10420,10421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10422,10423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10424,10418],{"class":140},[20,10426,10427],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10429,10431],{"className":37,"code":10430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10432,10433,10476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10434,10435,10437,10439,10442,10444,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10436,9114],{"class":50},[44,10438,55],{"class":54},[44,10440,10441],{"class":58}," {",[44,10443,3259],{"class":272},[44,10445,10446],{"class":276},"first-name",[44,10448,3259],{"class":272},[44,10450,159],{"class":58},[44,10452,3254],{"class":272},[44,10454,7625],{"class":276},[44,10456,3259],{"class":272},[44,10458,66],{"class":58},[44,10460,3254],{"class":272},[44,10462,10463],{"class":276},"first name",[44,10465,3259],{"class":272},[44,10467,159],{"class":58},[44,10469,3254],{"class":272},[44,10471,7625],{"class":276},[44,10473,3259],{"class":272},[44,10475,9258],{"class":58},[44,10477,10478,10480,10482,10484],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10479,128],{"class":127},[44,10481,115],{"class":58},[44,10483,9153],{"class":111},[44,10485,121],{"class":58},[20,10487,10488],{},[214,10489,2028],{},[35,10491,10493],{"className":37,"code":10492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10494,10495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10496,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10498,9227],{"class":58},[44,10500,3259],{"class":272},[44,10502,10446],{"class":276},[44,10504,3259],{"class":272},[44,10506,159],{"class":58},[44,10508,3254],{"class":272},[44,10510,7625],{"class":276},[44,10512,3259],{"class":272},[44,10514,66],{"class":58},[44,10516,3254],{"class":272},[44,10518,10463],{"class":276},[44,10520,3259],{"class":272},[44,10522,159],{"class":58},[44,10524,3254],{"class":272},[44,10526,7625],{"class":276},[44,10528,3259],{"class":272},[44,10530,9258],{"class":58},[30,10532,10534,408,10536],{"id":10533},"dict-vs",[15,10535,9068],{},[15,10537,3749],{},[20,10539,10540,10541,398,10543,10545],{},"Both ",[15,10542,9068],{},[15,10544,3749],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[420,10547,144,10549,10551],{"id":10548},"use-when",[15,10550,3749],{}," when:",[161,10553,10554,10557],{},[164,10555,10556],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[164,10558,10559],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10561,10562],{"className":37,"code":9777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10563,10564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10565,10566,10568,10570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10567,9114],{"class":50},[44,10569,55],{"class":54},[44,10571,9788],{"class":58},[420,10573,144,10575,10551],{"id":10574},"use-dict-when",[15,10576,9068],{},[161,10578,10579,10582,10585],{},[164,10580,10581],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[164,10583,10584],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[164,10586,10587],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10589,10591],{"className":37,"code":10590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10592,10593,10630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10594,10595,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10596,9114],{"class":50},[44,10598,55],{"class":54},[44,10600,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10602,9607],{"class":58},[44,10604,3259],{"class":272},[44,10606,394],{"class":276},[44,10608,3259],{"class":272},[44,10610,66],{"class":58},[44,10612,5450],{"class":62},[44,10614,9182],{"class":58},[44,10616,9185],{"class":58},[44,10618,3259],{"class":272},[44,10620,4714],{"class":276},[44,10622,3259],{"class":272},[44,10624,66],{"class":58},[44,10626,69],{"class":62},[44,10628,10629],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,10631,10632,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10633,10634],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10636,55],{"class":54},[44,10638,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10640,115],{"class":58},[44,10642,7616],{"class":9124},[44,10644,55],{"class":54},[44,10646,3259],{"class":272},[44,10648,4957],{"class":276},[44,10650,3259],{"class":272},[44,10652,66],{"class":58},[44,10654,9137],{"class":9124},[44,10656,55],{"class":54},[44,10658,9142],{"class":62},[44,10660,121],{"class":58},[20,10662,10663],{},"So:",[161,10665,10666,10671],{},[164,10667,10668,10670],{},[15,10669,3749],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[164,10672,10673,10675],{},[15,10674,9068],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10677,10678,10679,10683,10684,108],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[394,10680,10682],{"href":10681},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[394,10685,10687,10688,574],{"href":10686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10689,10690],{},"get()",[30,10692,10694],{"id":10693},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10696,10697,10698,108],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10699,9068],{},[420,10701,10703],{"id":10702},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10705,4477],{},[35,10707,10709],{"className":37,"code":10708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10710,10711,10735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10712,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10714,818],{"class":50},[44,10716,55],{"class":54},[44,10718,59],{"class":58},[44,10720,3259],{"class":272},[44,10722,394],{"class":276},[44,10724,3259],{"class":272},[44,10726,66],{"class":58},[44,10728,3254],{"class":272},[44,10730,4714],{"class":276},[44,10732,3259],{"class":272},[44,10734,72],{"class":58},[44,10736,10737,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10738,9114],{"class":50},[44,10740,55],{"class":54},[44,10742,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10744,115],{"class":58},[44,10746,835],{"class":111},[44,10748,121],{"class":58},[20,10750,10751,10752,108],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10753,10754],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10756,10757],{},"Correct version:",[35,10759,10761],{"className":37,"code":10760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10762,10763,10797,10811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10764,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10766,818],{"class":50},[44,10768,55],{"class":54},[44,10770,9169],{"class":58},[44,10772,3259],{"class":272},[44,10774,394],{"class":276},[44,10776,3259],{"class":272},[44,10778,66],{"class":58},[44,10780,5450],{"class":62},[44,10782,9182],{"class":58},[44,10784,9185],{"class":58},[44,10786,3259],{"class":272},[44,10788,4714],{"class":276},[44,10790,3259],{"class":272},[44,10792,66],{"class":58},[44,10794,69],{"class":62},[44,10796,9198],{"class":58},[44,10798,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10800,9114],{"class":50},[44,10802,55],{"class":54},[44,10804,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10806,115],{"class":58},[44,10808,835],{"class":111},[44,10810,121],{"class":58},[44,10812,10813,10815,10817,10819],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,10814,128],{"class":127},[44,10816,115],{"class":58},[44,10818,9153],{"class":111},[44,10820,121],{"class":58},[420,10822,10824],{"id":10823},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10826,10827],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10829,10831],{"className":37,"code":10830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10832,10833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10834,10835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10836,10830],{"class":140},[20,10838,10839,10840,159],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10841,55],{},[35,10843,10845],{"className":37,"code":10844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10846,10847,10869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10848,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10850,9114],{"class":50},[44,10852,55],{"class":54},[44,10854,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10856,115],{"class":58},[44,10858,7616],{"class":9124},[44,10860,55],{"class":54},[44,10862,3259],{"class":272},[44,10864,4957],{"class":276},[44,10866,3259],{"class":272},[44,10868,121],{"class":58},[44,10870,10871,10873,10875,10877],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10872,128],{"class":127},[44,10874,115],{"class":58},[44,10876,9153],{"class":111},[44,10878,121],{"class":58},[420,10880,10882],{"id":10881},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10884,10885],{},"This will not work:",[35,10887,10888],{"className":37,"code":10418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10889,10890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10891,10892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10893,10418],{"class":140},[20,10895,10896],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10898,10900],{"className":37,"code":10899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10901,10902,10926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10903,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10905,9114],{"class":50},[44,10907,55],{"class":54},[44,10909,10441],{"class":58},[44,10911,3259],{"class":272},[44,10913,10446],{"class":276},[44,10915,3259],{"class":272},[44,10917,159],{"class":58},[44,10919,3254],{"class":272},[44,10921,7625],{"class":276},[44,10923,3259],{"class":272},[44,10925,9258],{"class":58},[44,10927,10928,10930,10932,10934],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10929,128],{"class":127},[44,10931,115],{"class":58},[44,10933,9153],{"class":111},[44,10935,121],{"class":58},[420,10937,10939],{"id":10938},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10941,10942],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10944,10946],{"className":37,"code":10945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10947,10948,10984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10949,10950,10952,10954,10956,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10951,9114],{"class":50},[44,10953,55],{"class":54},[44,10955,9119],{"class":1458},[44,10957,9607],{"class":58},[44,10959,3259],{"class":272},[44,10961,2130],{"class":276},[44,10963,3259],{"class":272},[44,10965,66],{"class":58},[44,10967,5450],{"class":62},[44,10969,9182],{"class":58},[44,10971,9185],{"class":58},[44,10973,3259],{"class":272},[44,10975,2130],{"class":276},[44,10977,3259],{"class":272},[44,10979,66],{"class":58},[44,10981,69],{"class":62},[44,10983,10629],{"class":58},[44,10985,10986,10988,10990,10992],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,10987,128],{"class":127},[44,10989,115],{"class":58},[44,10991,9153],{"class":111},[44,10993,121],{"class":58},[20,10995,10996],{},[214,10997,2028],{},[35,10999,11001],{"className":37,"code":11000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11002,11003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11004,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11006,9227],{"class":58},[44,11008,3259],{"class":272},[44,11010,2130],{"class":276},[44,11012,3259],{"class":272},[44,11014,159],{"class":58},[44,11016,69],{"class":62},[44,11018,9258],{"class":58},[20,11020,11021,11022,108],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[394,11023,11025],{"href":11024},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,11027,2788],{"id":2787},[20,11029,11030,11031,11033],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11032,9068],{}," include:",[161,11035,11036,11046,11052,11055],{},[164,11037,11038,11039,11042,11043],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11040,11041],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11044,11045],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[164,11047,11048,11049],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11050,11051],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[164,11053,11054],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[164,11056,11057,11058,11060],{},"confusing ",[15,11059,9068],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11062,11063],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,11065,11067],{"className":37,"code":11066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11068,11069,11083,11093,11104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11070,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11072,128],{"class":127},[44,11074,115],{"class":58},[44,11076,1459],{"class":1458},[44,11078,115],{"class":58},[44,11080,9153],{"class":111},[44,11082,637],{"class":58},[44,11084,11085,11087,11089,11091],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11086,128],{"class":127},[44,11088,115],{"class":58},[44,11090,9153],{"class":111},[44,11092,121],{"class":58},[44,11094,11095,11097,11099,11102],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11096,128],{"class":127},[44,11098,115],{"class":58},[44,11100,11101],{"class":111},"list_of_pairs",[44,11103,121],{"class":58},[44,11105,11106,11108,11110,11113,11115,11117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11107,128],{"class":127},[44,11109,115],{"class":58},[44,11111,11112],{"class":127},"len",[44,11114,115],{"class":58},[44,11116,11101],{"class":111},[44,11118,637],{"class":58},[20,11120,11121],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[161,11123,11124,11127,11130],{},[164,11125,11126],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[164,11128,11129],{},"what data is being passed in",[164,11131,11132],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11134,1757],{"id":1756},[420,11136,1773,11138,398,11140,1778],{"id":11137},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11139,9068],{},[15,11141,3749],{},[20,11143,11144,11146,11147,11149],{},[15,11145,3749],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11148,9068],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[420,11151,5124,11153,11155],{"id":11152},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11154,9068],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11157,11158,11159,108],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11160,11045],{},[420,11162,5112,11164,11167],{"id":11163},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11165,11166],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11169,11170],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[420,11172,11174,11175,11177],{"id":11173},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11176,9068],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11179,11180,11181,11184],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11182,11183],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11186,1821],{"id":1820},[161,11188,11189,11194,11198,11203,11209],{},[164,11190,11191],{},[394,11192,11193],{"href":9340},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[164,11195,11196],{},[394,11197,9104],{"href":9103},[164,11199,11200],{},[394,11201,11202],{"href":10681},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[164,11204,11205],{},[394,11206,10687,11207,574],{"href":10686},[15,11208,10690],{},[164,11210,11211],{},[394,11212,11213],{"href":11024},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1872,11215,11216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":11218},[11219,11221,11227,11228,11229,11230,11237,11243,11244,11254],{"id":9294,"depth":75,"text":11220},"What dict() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":11222},[11223,11224,11225,11226],{"id":9351,"depth":95,"text":9352},{"id":9393,"depth":95,"text":9394},{"id":9497,"depth":95,"text":9498},{"id":9587,"depth":95,"text":9588},{"id":9700,"depth":75,"text":9352},{"id":9804,"depth":75,"text":9805},{"id":10227,"depth":75,"text":10228},{"id":10533,"depth":75,"text":11231,"children":11232},"dict() vs {}",[11233,11235],{"id":10548,"depth":95,"text":11234},"Use {} when:",{"id":10574,"depth":95,"text":11236},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10693,"depth":75,"text":10694,"children":11238},[11239,11240,11241,11242],{"id":10702,"depth":95,"text":10703},{"id":10823,"depth":95,"text":10824},{"id":10881,"depth":95,"text":10882},{"id":10938,"depth":95,"text":10939},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":11245},[11246,11248,11250,11252],{"id":11137,"depth":95,"text":11247},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11152,"depth":95,"text":11249},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11163,"depth":95,"text":11251},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11173,"depth":95,"text":11253},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9060,"description":11255},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11262,"title":11263,"body":11264,"description":12771,"extension":1921,"meta":12772,"navigation":98,"path":12773,"seo":12774,"stem":12775,"__hash__":12776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11265,"toc":12740},[11266,11273,11279,11286,11288,11349,11354,11359,11364,11381,11384,11388,11390,11406,11409,11422,11426,11429,11563,11565,11632,11634,11650,11656,11662,11665,11747,11749,11763,11767,11773,11838,11840,11848,11851,11874,11880,11943,11949,11952,11966,11979,11983,11994,11999,12010,12017,12021,12027,12149,12151,12177,12180,12197,12200,12311,12313,12362,12364,12377,12386,12391,12396,12407,12409,12512,12535,12537,12541,12560,12563,12621,12624,12650,12652,12658,12661,12667,12671,12678,12686,12692,12695,12697,12737],[10,11267,11269,11270,18],{"id":11268},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11271,11272],{},"clear()",[20,11274,11275,11278],{},[15,11276,11277],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11280,11281,11282,11285],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[214,11283,11284],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11287,33],{"id":32},[35,11289,11291],{"className":37,"code":11290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11292,11293,11325,11336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11294,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11296,9114],{"class":50},[44,11298,55],{"class":54},[44,11300,10441],{"class":58},[44,11302,273],{"class":272},[44,11304,394],{"class":276},[44,11306,273],{"class":272},[44,11308,159],{"class":58},[44,11310,5450],{"class":62},[44,11312,66],{"class":58},[44,11314,284],{"class":272},[44,11316,4714],{"class":276},[44,11318,273],{"class":272},[44,11320,159],{"class":58},[44,11322,69],{"class":62},[44,11324,9258],{"class":58},[44,11326,11327,11329,11331,11334],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11328,9153],{"class":50},[44,11330,108],{"class":58},[44,11332,11333],{"class":111},"clear",[44,11335,8590],{"class":58},[44,11337,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11339,128],{"class":127},[44,11341,115],{"class":58},[44,11343,9153],{"class":111},[44,11345,1476],{"class":58},[44,11347,11348],{"class":140},"  # {}\n",[20,11350,11351,11353],{},[15,11352,11272],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11355,151,11357,154],{"id":11356},"what-clear-does",[15,11358,11272],{},[20,11360,1938,11361,11363],{},[15,11362,11272],{}," method:",[161,11365,11366,11369,11372,11376],{},[164,11367,11368],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[164,11370,11371],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[164,11373,175,11374],{},[15,11375,178],{},[164,11377,11378,11379],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11380,3749],{},[20,11382,11383],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11385,9100,11386,108],{},[394,11387,9104],{"href":9103},[30,11389,188],{"id":187},[35,11391,11393],{"className":37,"code":11392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11394,11395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11396,11397,11400,11402,11404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11398,11399],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,11401,108],{"class":58},[44,11403,11333],{"class":111},[44,11405,8590],{"class":58},[20,11407,11408],{},"Important points:",[161,11410,11411,11416,11419],{},[164,11412,11413,11415],{},[15,11414,11272],{}," takes no arguments",[164,11417,11418],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[164,11420,11421],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11423,11425],{"id":11424},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11427,11428],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11430,11432],{"className":37,"code":11431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11433,11434,11444,11465,11479,11496,11500,11504,11524,11528,11539,11543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11435,11436,11439,11441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11437,11438],{"class":50},"user ",[44,11440,55],{"class":54},[44,11442,11443],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,11445,11446,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11460,11462],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11447,11448],{"class":272},"    \"",[44,11450,7616],{"class":276},[44,11452,273],{"class":272},[44,11454,159],{"class":58},[44,11456,284],{"class":272},[44,11458,11459],{"class":276},"Maya",[44,11461,273],{"class":272},[44,11463,11464],{"class":58},",\n",[44,11466,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11468,11448],{"class":272},[44,11470,9248],{"class":276},[44,11472,273],{"class":272},[44,11474,159],{"class":58},[44,11476,9255],{"class":62},[44,11478,11464],{"class":58},[44,11480,11481,11483,11485,11487,11489,11491,11494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11482,11448],{"class":272},[44,11484,10359],{"class":276},[44,11486,273],{"class":272},[44,11488,159],{"class":58},[44,11490,284],{"class":272},[44,11492,11493],{"class":276},"Berlin",[44,11495,3318],{"class":272},[44,11497,11498],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,11499,9258],{"class":58},[44,11501,11502],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,11503,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11505,11506,11508,11510,11512,11515,11517,11519,11522],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,11507,128],{"class":127},[44,11509,115],{"class":58},[44,11511,273],{"class":272},[44,11513,11514],{"class":276},"Before:",[44,11516,273],{"class":272},[44,11518,66],{"class":58},[44,11520,11521],{"class":111}," user",[44,11523,121],{"class":58},[44,11525,11526],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,11527,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11529,11530,11533,11535,11537],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,11531,11532],{"class":50},"user",[44,11534,108],{"class":58},[44,11536,11333],{"class":111},[44,11538,8590],{"class":58},[44,11540,11541],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,11542,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11555,11557,11559,11561],{"class":46,"line":11545},11,[44,11547,128],{"class":127},[44,11549,115],{"class":58},[44,11551,273],{"class":272},[44,11553,11554],{"class":276},"After:",[44,11556,273],{"class":272},[44,11558,66],{"class":58},[44,11560,11521],{"class":111},[44,11562,121],{"class":58},[20,11564,5510],{},[35,11566,11568],{"className":37,"code":11567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11569,11570,11623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11571,11572,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615,11617,11619,11621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11573,11574],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11576,159],{"class":58},[44,11578,10441],{"class":58},[44,11580,3259],{"class":272},[44,11582,7616],{"class":276},[44,11584,3259],{"class":272},[44,11586,159],{"class":58},[44,11588,3254],{"class":272},[44,11590,11459],{"class":276},[44,11592,3259],{"class":272},[44,11594,66],{"class":58},[44,11596,3254],{"class":272},[44,11598,9248],{"class":276},[44,11600,3259],{"class":272},[44,11602,159],{"class":58},[44,11604,9255],{"class":62},[44,11606,66],{"class":58},[44,11608,3254],{"class":272},[44,11610,10359],{"class":276},[44,11612,3259],{"class":272},[44,11614,159],{"class":58},[44,11616,3254],{"class":272},[44,11618,11493],{"class":276},[44,11620,3259],{"class":272},[44,11622,9258],{"class":58},[44,11624,11625,11628,11630],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11626,11627],{"class":50},"After",[44,11629,159],{"class":58},[44,11631,9788],{"class":58},[20,11633,361],{},[161,11635,11636,11641,11647],{},[164,11637,11638,11640],{},[15,11639,11532],{}," starts with three items",[164,11642,11643,11646],{},[15,11644,11645],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[164,11648,11649],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11651,151,11653,11655],{"id":11652},"what-clear-returns",[15,11654,11272],{}," returns",[20,11657,11658,877,11660,108],{},[15,11659,11272],{},[15,11661,178],{},[20,11663,11664],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11666,11668],{"className":37,"code":11667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11669,11670,11704,11708,11723,11727,11737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11671,11672,11675,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11696,11698,11700,11702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11673,11674],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11676,55],{"class":54},[44,11678,10441],{"class":58},[44,11680,273],{"class":272},[44,11682,2130],{"class":276},[44,11684,273],{"class":272},[44,11686,159],{"class":58},[44,11688,5450],{"class":62},[44,11690,66],{"class":58},[44,11692,284],{"class":272},[44,11694,11695],{"class":276},"y",[44,11697,273],{"class":272},[44,11699,159],{"class":58},[44,11701,69],{"class":62},[44,11703,9258],{"class":58},[44,11705,11706],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11707,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11709,11710,11712,11714,11717,11719,11721],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11711,911],{"class":50},[44,11713,55],{"class":54},[44,11715,11716],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11718,108],{"class":58},[44,11720,11333],{"class":111},[44,11722,8590],{"class":58},[44,11724,11725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11726,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11728,11729,11731,11733,11735],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,11730,128],{"class":127},[44,11732,115],{"class":58},[44,11734,943],{"class":111},[44,11736,121],{"class":58},[44,11738,11739,11741,11743,11745],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,11740,128],{"class":127},[44,11742,115],{"class":58},[44,11744,11399],{"class":111},[44,11746,121],{"class":58},[20,11748,2028],{},[35,11750,11752],{"className":37,"code":11751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11753,11754,11759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11755,11756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11757,11758],{"class":1582},"None\n",[44,11760,11761],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11762,9384],{"class":58},[420,11764,11766],{"id":11765},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11768,11769,11770,11772],{},"Do ",[214,11771,4583],{}," do this:",[35,11774,11776],{"className":37,"code":11775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11777,11778,11810,11824,11828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11779,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11781,11674],{"class":50},[44,11783,55],{"class":54},[44,11785,10441],{"class":58},[44,11787,273],{"class":272},[44,11789,2130],{"class":276},[44,11791,273],{"class":272},[44,11793,159],{"class":58},[44,11795,5450],{"class":62},[44,11797,66],{"class":58},[44,11799,284],{"class":272},[44,11801,11695],{"class":276},[44,11803,273],{"class":272},[44,11805,159],{"class":58},[44,11807,69],{"class":62},[44,11809,9258],{"class":58},[44,11811,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11813,11674],{"class":50},[44,11815,55],{"class":54},[44,11817,11716],{"class":50},[44,11819,108],{"class":58},[44,11821,11333],{"class":111},[44,11823,8590],{"class":58},[44,11825,11826],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11827,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11829,11830,11832,11834,11836],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11831,128],{"class":127},[44,11833,115],{"class":58},[44,11835,11399],{"class":111},[44,11837,121],{"class":58},[20,11839,2028],{},[35,11841,11842],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11843,11844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11845,11846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11847,11758],{"class":1582},[20,11849,11850],{},"Why this happens:",[161,11852,11853,11859,11864],{},[164,11854,11855,11858],{},[15,11856,11857],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[164,11860,11861,11862],{},"The method returns ",[15,11863,178],{},[164,11865,11866,11867,11870,11871,11873],{},"Then ",[15,11868,11869],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11872,178],{}," in the variable",[20,11875,11876,11877,11879],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11878,11272],{}," by itself:",[35,11881,11883],{"className":37,"code":11882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11884,11885,11917,11927,11931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11886,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899,11901,11903,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913,11915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11888,11674],{"class":50},[44,11890,55],{"class":54},[44,11892,10441],{"class":58},[44,11894,273],{"class":272},[44,11896,2130],{"class":276},[44,11898,273],{"class":272},[44,11900,159],{"class":58},[44,11902,5450],{"class":62},[44,11904,66],{"class":58},[44,11906,284],{"class":272},[44,11908,11695],{"class":276},[44,11910,273],{"class":272},[44,11912,159],{"class":58},[44,11914,69],{"class":62},[44,11916,9258],{"class":58},[44,11918,11919,11921,11923,11925],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,11920,11399],{"class":50},[44,11922,108],{"class":58},[44,11924,11333],{"class":111},[44,11926,8590],{"class":58},[44,11928,11929],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,11930,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,11932,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11934,128],{"class":127},[44,11936,115],{"class":58},[44,11938,11399],{"class":111},[44,11940,1476],{"class":58},[44,11942,11348],{"class":140},[30,11944,11946,11948],{"id":11945},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11947,11272],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11950,11951],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11953,11954],{"className":37,"code":11392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11955,11956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11957,11958,11960,11962,11964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11959,11399],{"class":50},[44,11961,108],{"class":58},[44,11963,11333],{"class":111},[44,11965,8590],{"class":58},[35,11967,11969],{"className":37,"code":11968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11970,11971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11972,11973,11975,11977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11974,11674],{"class":50},[44,11976,55],{"class":54},[44,11978,9788],{"class":58},[420,11980,11981],{"id":11333},[15,11982,11272],{},[161,11984,11985,11988,11991],{},[164,11986,11987],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[164,11989,11990],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[164,11992,11993],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[420,11995,11996],{"id":11399},[15,11997,11998],{},"my_dict = {}",[161,12000,12001,12004,12007],{},[164,12002,12003],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[164,12005,12006],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[164,12008,12009],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12011,12012,12013,108],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[394,12014,12016],{"href":12015},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,12018,12020],{"id":12019},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12022,12023,12024,12026],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12025,11272],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,12028,12030],{"className":37,"code":12029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12031,12032,12065,12075,12079,12090,12094,12114,12134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12033,12034,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12035,12036],{"class":50},"original ",[44,12038,55],{"class":54},[44,12040,10441],{"class":58},[44,12042,273],{"class":272},[44,12044,394],{"class":276},[44,12046,273],{"class":272},[44,12048,159],{"class":58},[44,12050,5450],{"class":62},[44,12052,66],{"class":58},[44,12054,284],{"class":272},[44,12056,4714],{"class":276},[44,12058,273],{"class":272},[44,12060,159],{"class":58},[44,12062,69],{"class":62},[44,12064,9258],{"class":58},[44,12066,12067,12070,12072],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12068,12069],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,12071,55],{"class":54},[44,12073,12074],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,12076,12077],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12078,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12080,12081,12084,12086,12088],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12082,12083],{"class":50},"original",[44,12085,108],{"class":58},[44,12087,11333],{"class":111},[44,12089,8590],{"class":58},[44,12091,12092],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,12093,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12095,12096,12098,12100,12102,12105,12107,12109,12112],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,12097,128],{"class":127},[44,12099,115],{"class":58},[44,12101,273],{"class":272},[44,12103,12104],{"class":276},"original:",[44,12106,273],{"class":272},[44,12108,66],{"class":58},[44,12110,12111],{"class":111}," original",[44,12113,121],{"class":58},[44,12115,12116,12118,12120,12122,12125,12127,12129,12132],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,12117,128],{"class":127},[44,12119,115],{"class":58},[44,12121,273],{"class":272},[44,12123,12124],{"class":276},"other_ref:",[44,12126,273],{"class":272},[44,12128,66],{"class":58},[44,12130,12131],{"class":111}," other_ref",[44,12133,121],{"class":58},[44,12135,12136,12138,12140,12142,12145,12147],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,12137,128],{"class":127},[44,12139,115],{"class":58},[44,12141,12036],{"class":111},[44,12143,12144],{"class":3832},"is",[44,12146,12131],{"class":111},[44,12148,121],{"class":58},[20,12150,2028],{},[35,12152,12154],{"className":37,"code":12153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12155,12156,12164,12173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12157,12158,12160,12162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12159,12083],{"class":50},[44,12161,159],{"class":58},[44,12163,9788],{"class":58},[44,12165,12166,12169,12171],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12167,12168],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12170,159],{"class":58},[44,12172,9788],{"class":58},[44,12174,12175],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12176,3936],{"class":1582},[20,12178,12179],{},"This shows:",[161,12181,12182,12189,12194],{},[164,12183,12184,398,12186,12188],{},[15,12185,12083],{},[15,12187,12168],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[164,12190,12191,12193],{},[15,12192,11272],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[164,12195,12196],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12198,12199],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12201,12203],{"className":37,"code":12202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12204,12205,12237,12245,12249,12257,12261,12279,12297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12206,12207,12209,12211,12213,12215,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12208,12036],{"class":50},[44,12210,55],{"class":54},[44,12212,10441],{"class":58},[44,12214,273],{"class":272},[44,12216,394],{"class":276},[44,12218,273],{"class":272},[44,12220,159],{"class":58},[44,12222,5450],{"class":62},[44,12224,66],{"class":58},[44,12226,284],{"class":272},[44,12228,4714],{"class":276},[44,12230,273],{"class":272},[44,12232,159],{"class":58},[44,12234,69],{"class":62},[44,12236,9258],{"class":58},[44,12238,12239,12241,12243],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12240,12069],{"class":50},[44,12242,55],{"class":54},[44,12244,12074],{"class":50},[44,12246,12247],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12248,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12250,12251,12253,12255],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12252,12036],{"class":50},[44,12254,55],{"class":54},[44,12256,9788],{"class":58},[44,12258,12259],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,12260,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12262,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,12264,128],{"class":127},[44,12266,115],{"class":58},[44,12268,273],{"class":272},[44,12270,12104],{"class":276},[44,12272,273],{"class":272},[44,12274,66],{"class":58},[44,12276,12111],{"class":111},[44,12278,121],{"class":58},[44,12280,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,12282,128],{"class":127},[44,12284,115],{"class":58},[44,12286,273],{"class":272},[44,12288,12124],{"class":276},[44,12290,273],{"class":272},[44,12292,66],{"class":58},[44,12294,12131],{"class":111},[44,12296,121],{"class":58},[44,12298,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,12300,128],{"class":127},[44,12302,115],{"class":58},[44,12304,12036],{"class":111},[44,12306,12144],{"class":3832},[44,12308,12131],{"class":111},[44,12310,121],{"class":58},[20,12312,2028],{},[35,12314,12316],{"className":37,"code":12315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12317,12318,12326,12358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12319,12320,12322,12324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12321,12083],{"class":50},[44,12323,159],{"class":58},[44,12325,9788],{"class":58},[44,12327,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12329,12168],{"class":50},[44,12331,159],{"class":58},[44,12333,10441],{"class":58},[44,12335,3259],{"class":272},[44,12337,394],{"class":276},[44,12339,3259],{"class":272},[44,12341,159],{"class":58},[44,12343,5450],{"class":62},[44,12345,66],{"class":58},[44,12347,3254],{"class":272},[44,12349,4714],{"class":276},[44,12351,3259],{"class":272},[44,12353,159],{"class":58},[44,12355,69],{"class":62},[44,12357,9258],{"class":58},[44,12359,12360],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12361,3997],{"class":1582},[20,12363,2135],{},[161,12365,12366,12372],{},[164,12367,12368,12371],{},[15,12369,12370],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[164,12373,12374,12376],{},[15,12375,12168],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12378,12379,12380,108],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[394,12381,12383],{"href":12382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12384,12385],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12387,1638,12389],{"id":12388},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12390,11272],{},[20,12392,12393,12395],{},[15,12394,11272],{}," is useful when you want to:",[161,12397,12398,12401,12404],{},[164,12399,12400],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[164,12402,12403],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[164,12405,12406],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12408,2164],{},[35,12410,12412],{"className":37,"code":12411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12413,12414,12423,12439,12459,12472,12476,12480,12485,12496,12500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12415,12416,12419,12421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12417,12418],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12420,55],{"class":54},[44,12422,11443],{"class":58},[44,12424,12425,12427,12430,12432,12434,12437],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12426,11448],{"class":272},[44,12428,12429],{"class":276},"user_id",[44,12431,273],{"class":272},[44,12433,159],{"class":58},[44,12435,12436],{"class":62}," 101",[44,12438,11464],{"class":58},[44,12440,12441,12443,12446,12448,12450,12452,12455,12457],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12442,11448],{"class":272},[44,12444,12445],{"class":276},"theme",[44,12447,273],{"class":272},[44,12449,159],{"class":58},[44,12451,284],{"class":272},[44,12453,12454],{"class":276},"dark",[44,12456,273],{"class":272},[44,12458,11464],{"class":58},[44,12460,12461,12463,12466,12468,12470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12462,11448],{"class":272},[44,12464,12465],{"class":276},"logged_in",[44,12467,273],{"class":272},[44,12469,159],{"class":58},[44,12471,6373],{"class":1582},[44,12473,12474],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,12475,9258],{"class":58},[44,12477,12478],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,12479,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12481,12482],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,12483,12484],{"class":140},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12486,12487,12490,12492,12494],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,12488,12489],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12491,108],{"class":58},[44,12493,11333],{"class":111},[44,12495,8590],{"class":58},[44,12497,12498],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,12499,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12501,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,12503,128],{"class":127},[44,12505,115],{"class":58},[44,12507,12489],{"class":111},[44,12509,1476],{"class":58},[44,12511,11348],{"class":140},[20,12513,12514,12515,12521,12522,108,12526,12528,12529,108],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[394,12516,12518],{"href":12517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12519,12520],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[394,12523,12525],{"href":12524},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9796,12527],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[394,12530,12532],{"href":12531},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12533,12534],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12536,2788],{"id":2787},[20,12538,10697,12539,159],{},[15,12540,11272],{},[161,12542,12543,12549,12554,12557],{},[164,12544,12545,12546,12548],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12547,11272],{}," to a variable",[164,12550,8399,12551,12553],{},[15,12552,11272],{}," to return a new dictionary",[164,12555,12556],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[164,12558,12559],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12561,12562],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12564,12566],{"className":37,"code":12565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12567,12568,12578,12592,12607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12569,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12571,128],{"class":127},[44,12573,115],{"class":58},[44,12575,11399],{"class":111},[44,12577,121],{"class":58},[44,12579,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12581,128],{"class":127},[44,12583,115],{"class":58},[44,12585,1459],{"class":1458},[44,12587,115],{"class":58},[44,12589,11399],{"class":111},[44,12591,637],{"class":58},[44,12593,12594,12596,12598,12601,12603,12605],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12595,128],{"class":127},[44,12597,115],{"class":58},[44,12599,12600],{"class":127},"id",[44,12602,115],{"class":58},[44,12604,11399],{"class":111},[44,12606,637],{"class":58},[44,12608,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12610,128],{"class":127},[44,12612,115],{"class":58},[44,12614,12069],{"class":111},[44,12616,12144],{"class":3832},[44,12618,11716],{"class":111},[44,12620,121],{"class":58},[20,12622,12623],{},"What these show:",[161,12625,12626,12632,12638,12644],{},[164,12627,12628,12631],{},[15,12629,12630],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[164,12633,12634,12637],{},[15,12635,12636],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[164,12639,12640,12643],{},[15,12641,12642],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[164,12645,12646,12649],{},[15,12647,12648],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12651,1757],{"id":1756},[420,12653,1761,12655,12657],{"id":12654},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12656,11272],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12659,12660],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[420,12662,5096,12664,12666],{"id":12663},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12665,11277],{}," return?",[20,12668,5102,12669,108],{},[15,12670,178],{},[420,12672,1773,12674,398,12676,1778],{"id":12673},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12675,11272],{},[15,12677,3749],{},[20,12679,12680,12682,12683,12685],{},[15,12681,11272],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12684,3749],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[420,12687,1761,12689,12691],{"id":12688},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12690,11272],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12693,12694],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12696,1821],{"id":1820},[161,12698,12699,12703,12707,12714,12721,12727,12732],{},[164,12700,12701],{},[394,12702,9104],{"href":9103},[164,12704,12705],{},[394,12706,11193],{"href":9340},[164,12708,12709],{},[394,12710,10687,12711,574],{"href":12517},[15,12712,12713],{},"pop()",[164,12715,12716],{},[394,12717,10687,12718,574],{"href":12531},[15,12719,12720],{},"popitem()",[164,12722,12723],{},[394,12724,10687,12725,574],{"href":12382},[15,12726,1861],{},[164,12728,12729],{},[394,12730,12731],{"href":12015},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[164,12733,12734],{},[394,12735,12736],{"href":12524},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1872,12738,12739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":12741},[12742,12743,12745,12746,12747,12751,12756,12757,12759,12760,12770],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":11356,"depth":75,"text":12744},"What clear() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":11652,"depth":75,"text":12748,"children":12749},"What clear() returns",[12750],{"id":11765,"depth":95,"text":11766},{"id":11945,"depth":75,"text":12752,"children":12753},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12754,12755],{"id":11333,"depth":95,"text":11272},{"id":11399,"depth":95,"text":11998},{"id":12019,"depth":75,"text":12020},{"id":12388,"depth":75,"text":12758},"When to use clear()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":12761},[12762,12764,12766,12768],{"id":12654,"depth":95,"text":12763},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12663,"depth":95,"text":12765},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12673,"depth":95,"text":12767},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12688,"depth":95,"text":12769},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11263,"description":12771},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12778,"title":12779,"body":12780,"description":14945,"extension":1921,"meta":14946,"navigation":98,"path":14947,"seo":14948,"stem":14949,"__hash__":14950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12781,"toc":14917},[12782,12787,12792,12802,12804,12893,12897,12938,12943,12950,12968,12977,12979,13000,13003,13015,13017,13096,13100,13141,13143,13146,13274,13278,13358,13361,13379,13382,13386,13392,13394,13405,13407,13599,13603,13709,13712,13730,13733,13740,13745,13749,13763,13765,13892,13896,13976,13989,13995,13998,14006,14010,14136,14140,14214,14219,14350,14354,14428,14431,14445,14449,14453,14467,14469,14605,14609,14678,14680,14684,14706,14709,14816,14819,14830,14837,14839,14845,14848,14855,14858,14865,14873,14877,14880,14882,14914],[10,12783,11269,12785,18],{"id":12784},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12786,1861],{},[20,12788,12789,12791],{},[15,12790,12385],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12793,12794,12795,12797,12798,12801],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12796,1861],{}," makes a ",[214,12799,12800],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12803,33],{"id":32},[35,12805,12807],{"className":37,"code":12806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12808,12809,12847,12864,12868,12879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12810,12811,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12812,12813],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12815,55],{"class":54},[44,12817,10441],{"class":58},[44,12819,273],{"class":272},[44,12821,7616],{"class":276},[44,12823,273],{"class":272},[44,12825,159],{"class":58},[44,12827,284],{"class":272},[44,12829,12830],{"class":276},"Ana",[44,12832,273],{"class":272},[44,12834,66],{"class":58},[44,12836,284],{"class":272},[44,12838,9248],{"class":276},[44,12840,273],{"class":272},[44,12842,159],{"class":58},[44,12844,7738],{"class":62},[44,12846,9258],{"class":58},[44,12848,12849,12852,12854,12857,12859,12862],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12850,12851],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12853,55],{"class":54},[44,12855,12856],{"class":50}," student",[44,12858,108],{"class":58},[44,12860,12861],{"class":111},"copy",[44,12863,8590],{"class":58},[44,12865,12866],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,12867,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,12869,12870,12872,12874,12877],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12871,128],{"class":127},[44,12873,115],{"class":58},[44,12875,12876],{"class":111},"student_copy",[44,12878,121],{"class":58},[44,12880,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,12882,128],{"class":127},[44,12884,115],{"class":58},[44,12886,12851],{"class":111},[44,12888,12144],{"class":3832},[44,12890,12856],{"class":111},[44,12892,121],{"class":58},[20,12894,12895],{},[214,12896,2028],{},[35,12898,12900],{"className":37,"code":12899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12901,12902,12934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12903,12904,12906,12908,12910,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924,12926,12928,12930,12932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12905,9227],{"class":58},[44,12907,3259],{"class":272},[44,12909,7616],{"class":276},[44,12911,3259],{"class":272},[44,12913,159],{"class":58},[44,12915,3254],{"class":272},[44,12917,12830],{"class":276},[44,12919,3259],{"class":272},[44,12921,66],{"class":58},[44,12923,3254],{"class":272},[44,12925,9248],{"class":276},[44,12927,3259],{"class":272},[44,12929,159],{"class":58},[44,12931,7738],{"class":62},[44,12933,9258],{"class":58},[44,12935,12936],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,12937,3997],{"class":1582},[20,12939,144,12940,12942],{},[15,12941,1861],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,12944,12946,12947,12949],{"id":12945},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12948,1861],{}," method does",[161,12951,12952,12957,12960,12965],{},[164,12953,12954,12956],{},[15,12955,12385],{}," returns a new dictionary",[164,12958,12959],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[164,12961,12962,12963],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12964,1861],{},[164,12966,12967],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12969,12970,12971,2837,12974,108],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[394,12972,9104],{"href":12973},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[394,12975,9341],{"href":12976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,12978,188],{"id":187},[35,12980,12982],{"className":37,"code":12981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12983,12984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12985,12986,12989,12991,12994,12996,12998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12987,12988],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12990,55],{"class":54},[44,12992,12993],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12995,108],{"class":58},[44,12997,12861],{"class":111},[44,12999,8590],{"class":58},[20,13001,13002],{},"Key points:",[161,13004,13005,13009,13012],{},[164,13006,13007,11415],{},[15,13008,1861],{},[164,13010,13011],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[164,13013,13014],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13016,2164],{},[35,13018,13020],{"className":37,"code":13019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13021,13022,13065,13081,13085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13023,13024,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13061,13063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13025,13026],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,13028,55],{"class":54},[44,13030,10441],{"class":58},[44,13032,273],{"class":272},[44,13034,394],{"class":276},[44,13036,273],{"class":272},[44,13038,159],{"class":58},[44,13040,284],{"class":272},[44,13042,13043],{"class":276},"red",[44,13045,273],{"class":272},[44,13047,66],{"class":58},[44,13049,284],{"class":272},[44,13051,4714],{"class":276},[44,13053,273],{"class":272},[44,13055,159],{"class":58},[44,13057,284],{"class":272},[44,13059,13060],{"class":276},"blue",[44,13062,273],{"class":272},[44,13064,9258],{"class":58},[44,13066,13067,13070,13072,13075,13077,13079],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13068,13069],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,13071,55],{"class":54},[44,13073,13074],{"class":50}," colors",[44,13076,108],{"class":58},[44,13078,12861],{"class":111},[44,13080,8590],{"class":58},[44,13082,13083],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,13084,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13086,13087,13089,13091,13094],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13088,128],{"class":127},[44,13090,115],{"class":58},[44,13092,13093],{"class":111},"new_colors",[44,13095,121],{"class":58},[20,13097,13098],{},[214,13099,2028],{},[35,13101,13103],{"className":37,"code":13102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13104,13105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13106,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13108,9227],{"class":58},[44,13110,3259],{"class":272},[44,13112,394],{"class":276},[44,13114,3259],{"class":272},[44,13116,159],{"class":58},[44,13118,3254],{"class":272},[44,13120,13043],{"class":276},[44,13122,3259],{"class":272},[44,13124,66],{"class":58},[44,13126,3254],{"class":272},[44,13128,4714],{"class":276},[44,13130,3259],{"class":272},[44,13132,159],{"class":58},[44,13134,3254],{"class":272},[44,13136,13060],{"class":276},[44,13138,3259],{"class":272},[44,13140,9258],{"class":58},[30,13142,11425],{"id":11424},[20,13144,13145],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13147,13149],{"className":37,"code":13148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13150,13151,13189,13205,13209,13231,13235,13254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13152,13153,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13154,13155],{"class":50},"person ",[44,13157,55],{"class":54},[44,13159,10441],{"class":58},[44,13161,273],{"class":272},[44,13163,7616],{"class":276},[44,13165,273],{"class":272},[44,13167,159],{"class":58},[44,13169,284],{"class":272},[44,13171,13172],{"class":276},"Liam",[44,13174,273],{"class":272},[44,13176,66],{"class":58},[44,13178,284],{"class":272},[44,13180,9248],{"class":276},[44,13182,273],{"class":272},[44,13184,159],{"class":58},[44,13186,9255],{"class":62},[44,13188,9258],{"class":58},[44,13190,13191,13194,13196,13199,13201,13203],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13192,13193],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13195,55],{"class":54},[44,13197,13198],{"class":50}," person",[44,13200,108],{"class":58},[44,13202,12861],{"class":111},[44,13204,8590],{"class":58},[44,13206,13207],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,13208,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13210,13211,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13225,13228],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13212,13213],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13215,3856],{"class":58},[44,13217,273],{"class":272},[44,13219,9248],{"class":276},[44,13221,273],{"class":272},[44,13223,13224],{"class":58},"]",[44,13226,13227],{"class":54}," =",[44,13229,13230],{"class":62}," 26\n",[44,13232,13233],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,13234,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13236,13237,13239,13241,13243,13246,13248,13250,13252],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,13238,128],{"class":127},[44,13240,115],{"class":58},[44,13242,273],{"class":272},[44,13244,13245],{"class":276},"Original:",[44,13247,273],{"class":272},[44,13249,66],{"class":58},[44,13251,13198],{"class":111},[44,13253,121],{"class":58},[44,13255,13256,13258,13260,13262,13265,13267,13269,13272],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,13257,128],{"class":127},[44,13259,115],{"class":58},[44,13261,273],{"class":272},[44,13263,13264],{"class":276},"Copy:",[44,13266,273],{"class":272},[44,13268,66],{"class":58},[44,13270,13271],{"class":111}," person_copy",[44,13273,121],{"class":58},[20,13275,13276],{},[214,13277,2028],{},[35,13279,13281],{"className":37,"code":13280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13282,13283,13320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13284,13285,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13286,13287],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13289,159],{"class":58},[44,13291,10441],{"class":58},[44,13293,3259],{"class":272},[44,13295,7616],{"class":276},[44,13297,3259],{"class":272},[44,13299,159],{"class":58},[44,13301,3254],{"class":272},[44,13303,13172],{"class":276},[44,13305,3259],{"class":272},[44,13307,66],{"class":58},[44,13309,3254],{"class":272},[44,13311,9248],{"class":276},[44,13313,3259],{"class":272},[44,13315,159],{"class":58},[44,13317,9255],{"class":62},[44,13319,9258],{"class":58},[44,13321,13322,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13356],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13323,13324],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13326,159],{"class":58},[44,13328,10441],{"class":58},[44,13330,3259],{"class":272},[44,13332,7616],{"class":276},[44,13334,3259],{"class":272},[44,13336,159],{"class":58},[44,13338,3254],{"class":272},[44,13340,13172],{"class":276},[44,13342,3259],{"class":272},[44,13344,66],{"class":58},[44,13346,3254],{"class":272},[44,13348,9248],{"class":276},[44,13350,3259],{"class":272},[44,13352,159],{"class":58},[44,13354,13355],{"class":62}," 26",[44,13357,9258],{"class":58},[20,13359,13360],{},"What happened here:",[161,13362,13363,13369,13376],{},[164,13364,13365,13368],{},[15,13366,13367],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[164,13370,13371,13372,13375],{},"Changing ",[15,13373,13374],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[164,13377,13378],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13380,13381],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13383,13385],{"id":13384},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13387,13388,12797,13390,108],{},[15,13389,1861],{},[214,13391,12800],{},[20,13393,2065],{},[161,13395,13396,13399,13402],{},[164,13397,13398],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[164,13400,13401],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[164,13403,13404],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13406,2164],{},[35,13408,13410],{"className":37,"code":13409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13411,13412,13420,13438,13459,13463,13467,13481,13485,13509,13513,13531,13550,13565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13413,13414,13416,13418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13415,12813],{"class":50},[44,13417,55],{"class":54},[44,13419,11443],{"class":58},[44,13421,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13423,11448],{"class":272},[44,13425,7616],{"class":276},[44,13427,273],{"class":272},[44,13429,159],{"class":58},[44,13431,284],{"class":272},[44,13433,12830],{"class":276},[44,13435,273],{"class":272},[44,13437,11464],{"class":58},[44,13439,13440,13442,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,13441,11448],{"class":272},[44,13443,13444],{"class":276},"grades",[44,13446,273],{"class":272},[44,13448,159],{"class":58},[44,13450,59],{"class":58},[44,13452,1676],{"class":62},[44,13454,66],{"class":58},[44,13456,1681],{"class":62},[44,13458,72],{"class":58},[44,13460,13461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13462,9258],{"class":58},[44,13464,13465],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,13466,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13468,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,13470,12851],{"class":50},[44,13472,55],{"class":54},[44,13474,12856],{"class":50},[44,13476,108],{"class":58},[44,13478,12861],{"class":111},[44,13480,8590],{"class":58},[44,13482,13483],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,13484,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13486,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13500,13502,13504,13507],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,13488,12876],{"class":50},[44,13490,3856],{"class":58},[44,13492,273],{"class":272},[44,13494,13444],{"class":276},[44,13496,273],{"class":272},[44,13498,13499],{"class":58},"].",[44,13501,520],{"class":111},[44,13503,115],{"class":58},[44,13505,13506],{"class":62},"100",[44,13508,121],{"class":58},[44,13510,13511],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,13512,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13514,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,13516,128],{"class":127},[44,13518,115],{"class":58},[44,13520,273],{"class":272},[44,13522,13245],{"class":276},[44,13524,273],{"class":272},[44,13526,66],{"class":58},[44,13528,12856],{"class":111},[44,13530,121],{"class":58},[44,13532,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13548],{"class":46,"line":11545},[44,13534,128],{"class":127},[44,13536,115],{"class":58},[44,13538,273],{"class":272},[44,13540,13264],{"class":276},[44,13542,273],{"class":272},[44,13544,66],{"class":58},[44,13546,13547],{"class":111}," student_copy",[44,13549,121],{"class":58},[44,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563],{"class":46,"line":13552},12,[44,13554,128],{"class":127},[44,13556,115],{"class":58},[44,13558,12813],{"class":111},[44,13560,12144],{"class":3832},[44,13562,13547],{"class":111},[44,13564,121],{"class":58},[44,13566,13568,13570,13572,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597],{"class":46,"line":13567},13,[44,13569,128],{"class":127},[44,13571,115],{"class":58},[44,13573,13574],{"class":111},"student",[44,13576,3856],{"class":58},[44,13578,273],{"class":272},[44,13580,13444],{"class":276},[44,13582,273],{"class":272},[44,13584,13224],{"class":58},[44,13586,8044],{"class":3832},[44,13588,13547],{"class":111},[44,13590,3856],{"class":58},[44,13592,273],{"class":272},[44,13594,13444],{"class":276},[44,13596,273],{"class":272},[44,13598,466],{"class":58},[20,13600,13601],{},[214,13602,2028],{},[35,13604,13606],{"className":37,"code":13605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13607,13608,13655,13701,13705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13609,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13611,13287],{"class":50},[44,13613,159],{"class":58},[44,13615,10441],{"class":58},[44,13617,3259],{"class":272},[44,13619,7616],{"class":276},[44,13621,3259],{"class":272},[44,13623,159],{"class":58},[44,13625,3254],{"class":272},[44,13627,12830],{"class":276},[44,13629,3259],{"class":272},[44,13631,66],{"class":58},[44,13633,3254],{"class":272},[44,13635,13444],{"class":276},[44,13637,3259],{"class":272},[44,13639,159],{"class":58},[44,13641,59],{"class":58},[44,13643,1676],{"class":62},[44,13645,66],{"class":58},[44,13647,1681],{"class":62},[44,13649,66],{"class":58},[44,13651,10068],{"class":62},[44,13653,13654],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,13656,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13658,13324],{"class":50},[44,13660,159],{"class":58},[44,13662,10441],{"class":58},[44,13664,3259],{"class":272},[44,13666,7616],{"class":276},[44,13668,3259],{"class":272},[44,13670,159],{"class":58},[44,13672,3254],{"class":272},[44,13674,12830],{"class":276},[44,13676,3259],{"class":272},[44,13678,66],{"class":58},[44,13680,3254],{"class":272},[44,13682,13444],{"class":276},[44,13684,3259],{"class":272},[44,13686,159],{"class":58},[44,13688,59],{"class":58},[44,13690,1676],{"class":62},[44,13692,66],{"class":58},[44,13694,1681],{"class":62},[44,13696,66],{"class":58},[44,13698,10068],{"class":62},[44,13700,13654],{"class":58},[44,13702,13703],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,13704,3997],{"class":1582},[44,13706,13707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13708,3936],{"class":1582},[20,13710,13711],{},"Notice the difference:",[161,13713,13714,13722],{},[164,13715,13716,4737,13719,13721],{},[15,13717,13718],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13720,3633],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[164,13723,13724,4737,13727,13729],{},[15,13725,13726],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13728,3565],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13731,13732],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13734,13735,13736,108],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[394,13737,13739],{"href":13738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13741,1638,13743],{"id":13742},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13744,1861],{},[20,13746,144,13747,10551],{},[15,13748,1861],{},[161,13750,13751,13754,13757,13760],{},[164,13752,13753],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[164,13755,13756],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[164,13758,13759],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[164,13761,13762],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13764,2164],{},[35,13766,13768],{"className":37,"code":13767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13769,13770,13809,13825,13829,13849,13853,13872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13771,13772,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13800,13802,13804,13807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13773,13774],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13776,55],{"class":54},[44,13778,10441],{"class":58},[44,13780,273],{"class":272},[44,13782,12445],{"class":276},[44,13784,273],{"class":272},[44,13786,159],{"class":58},[44,13788,284],{"class":272},[44,13790,12454],{"class":276},[44,13792,273],{"class":272},[44,13794,66],{"class":58},[44,13796,284],{"class":272},[44,13798,13799],{"class":276},"font_size",[44,13801,273],{"class":272},[44,13803,159],{"class":58},[44,13805,13806],{"class":62}," 14",[44,13808,9258],{"class":58},[44,13810,13811,13814,13816,13819,13821,13823],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13812,13813],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13815,55],{"class":54},[44,13817,13818],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13820,108],{"class":58},[44,13822,12861],{"class":111},[44,13824,8590],{"class":58},[44,13826,13827],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,13828,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13830,13831,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13832,13833],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13835,3856],{"class":58},[44,13837,273],{"class":272},[44,13839,13799],{"class":276},[44,13841,273],{"class":272},[44,13843,13224],{"class":58},[44,13845,13227],{"class":54},[44,13847,13848],{"class":62}," 16\n",[44,13850,13851],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,13852,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,13854,13855,13857,13859,13861,13864,13866,13868,13870],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,13856,128],{"class":127},[44,13858,115],{"class":58},[44,13860,273],{"class":272},[44,13862,13863],{"class":276},"Current:",[44,13865,273],{"class":272},[44,13867,66],{"class":58},[44,13869,13818],{"class":111},[44,13871,121],{"class":58},[44,13873,13874,13876,13878,13880,13883,13885,13887,13890],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,13875,128],{"class":127},[44,13877,115],{"class":58},[44,13879,273],{"class":272},[44,13881,13882],{"class":276},"Backup:",[44,13884,273],{"class":272},[44,13886,66],{"class":58},[44,13888,13889],{"class":111}," settings_backup",[44,13891,121],{"class":58},[20,13893,13894],{},[214,13895,2028],{},[35,13897,13899],{"className":37,"code":13898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13900,13901,13939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13902,13903,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13904,13905],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13907,159],{"class":58},[44,13909,10441],{"class":58},[44,13911,3259],{"class":272},[44,13913,12445],{"class":276},[44,13915,3259],{"class":272},[44,13917,159],{"class":58},[44,13919,3254],{"class":272},[44,13921,12454],{"class":276},[44,13923,3259],{"class":272},[44,13925,66],{"class":58},[44,13927,3254],{"class":272},[44,13929,13799],{"class":276},[44,13931,3259],{"class":272},[44,13933,159],{"class":58},[44,13935,13936],{"class":62}," 16",[44,13938,9258],{"class":58},[44,13940,13941,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,13942,13943],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13945,159],{"class":58},[44,13947,10441],{"class":58},[44,13949,3259],{"class":272},[44,13951,12445],{"class":276},[44,13953,3259],{"class":272},[44,13955,159],{"class":58},[44,13957,3254],{"class":272},[44,13959,12454],{"class":276},[44,13961,3259],{"class":272},[44,13963,66],{"class":58},[44,13965,3254],{"class":272},[44,13967,13799],{"class":276},[44,13969,3259],{"class":272},[44,13971,159],{"class":58},[44,13973,13806],{"class":62},[44,13975,9258],{"class":58},[20,13977,13978,13979,2837,13985,108],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[394,13980,13982],{"href":13981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13983,13984],{},"dict.update()",[394,13986,13987],{"href":12773},[15,13988,11277],{},[30,13990,13992,13994],{"id":13991},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13993,1861],{}," vs assignment",[20,13996,13997],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13999,582,14000,14002,14003,14005],{},[15,14001,55],{}," does ",[214,14004,4583],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[420,14007,14009],{"id":14008},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,14011,14013],{"className":37,"code":14012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14014,14015,14047,14056,14060,14080,14084,14102,14122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14016,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14018,12036],{"class":50},[44,14020,55],{"class":54},[44,14022,10441],{"class":58},[44,14024,273],{"class":272},[44,14026,2130],{"class":276},[44,14028,273],{"class":272},[44,14030,159],{"class":58},[44,14032,5450],{"class":62},[44,14034,66],{"class":58},[44,14036,284],{"class":272},[44,14038,11695],{"class":276},[44,14040,273],{"class":272},[44,14042,159],{"class":58},[44,14044,69],{"class":62},[44,14046,9258],{"class":58},[44,14048,14049,14052,14054],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14050,14051],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,14053,55],{"class":54},[44,14055,12074],{"class":50},[44,14057,14058],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14059,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14061,14062,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14063,14064],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,14066,3856],{"class":58},[44,14068,273],{"class":272},[44,14070,2130],{"class":276},[44,14072,273],{"class":272},[44,14074,13224],{"class":58},[44,14076,13227],{"class":54},[44,14078,14079],{"class":62}," 99\n",[44,14081,14082],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,14083,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14085,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,14087,128],{"class":127},[44,14089,115],{"class":58},[44,14091,273],{"class":272},[44,14093,13245],{"class":276},[44,14095,273],{"class":272},[44,14097,66],{"class":58},[44,14099,12111],{"class":111},[44,14101,121],{"class":58},[44,14103,14104,14106,14108,14110,14113,14115,14117,14120],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,14105,128],{"class":127},[44,14107,115],{"class":58},[44,14109,273],{"class":272},[44,14111,14112],{"class":276},"Assigned:",[44,14114,273],{"class":272},[44,14116,66],{"class":58},[44,14118,14119],{"class":111}," assigned",[44,14121,121],{"class":58},[44,14123,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,14125,128],{"class":127},[44,14127,115],{"class":58},[44,14129,12036],{"class":111},[44,14131,12144],{"class":3832},[44,14133,14119],{"class":111},[44,14135,121],{"class":58},[20,14137,14138],{},[214,14139,2028],{},[35,14141,14143],{"className":37,"code":14142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14144,14145,14177,14210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14146,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14148,13287],{"class":50},[44,14150,159],{"class":58},[44,14152,10441],{"class":58},[44,14154,3259],{"class":272},[44,14156,2130],{"class":276},[44,14158,3259],{"class":272},[44,14160,159],{"class":58},[44,14162,10147],{"class":62},[44,14164,66],{"class":58},[44,14166,3254],{"class":272},[44,14168,11695],{"class":276},[44,14170,3259],{"class":272},[44,14172,159],{"class":58},[44,14174,69],{"class":62},[44,14176,9258],{"class":58},[44,14178,14179,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14180,14181],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14183,159],{"class":58},[44,14185,10441],{"class":58},[44,14187,3259],{"class":272},[44,14189,2130],{"class":276},[44,14191,3259],{"class":272},[44,14193,159],{"class":58},[44,14195,10147],{"class":62},[44,14197,66],{"class":58},[44,14199,3254],{"class":272},[44,14201,11695],{"class":276},[44,14203,3259],{"class":272},[44,14205,159],{"class":58},[44,14207,69],{"class":62},[44,14209,9258],{"class":58},[44,14211,14212],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14213,3936],{"class":1582},[420,14215,582,14217],{"id":14216},"using-copy",[15,14218,1861],{},[35,14220,14222],{"className":37,"code":14221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14223,14224,14256,14271,14275,14294,14298,14316,14336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14225,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14227,12036],{"class":50},[44,14229,55],{"class":54},[44,14231,10441],{"class":58},[44,14233,273],{"class":272},[44,14235,2130],{"class":276},[44,14237,273],{"class":272},[44,14239,159],{"class":58},[44,14241,5450],{"class":62},[44,14243,66],{"class":58},[44,14245,284],{"class":272},[44,14247,11695],{"class":276},[44,14249,273],{"class":272},[44,14251,159],{"class":58},[44,14253,69],{"class":62},[44,14255,9258],{"class":58},[44,14257,14258,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14259,14260],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14262,55],{"class":54},[44,14264,12111],{"class":50},[44,14266,108],{"class":58},[44,14268,12861],{"class":111},[44,14270,8590],{"class":58},[44,14272,14273],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14274,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14276,14277,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14278,14279],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14281,3856],{"class":58},[44,14283,273],{"class":272},[44,14285,2130],{"class":276},[44,14287,273],{"class":272},[44,14289,13224],{"class":58},[44,14291,13227],{"class":54},[44,14293,14079],{"class":62},[44,14295,14296],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,14297,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14299,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,14301,128],{"class":127},[44,14303,115],{"class":58},[44,14305,273],{"class":272},[44,14307,13245],{"class":276},[44,14309,273],{"class":272},[44,14311,66],{"class":58},[44,14313,12111],{"class":111},[44,14315,121],{"class":58},[44,14317,14318,14320,14322,14324,14327,14329,14331,14334],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,14319,128],{"class":127},[44,14321,115],{"class":58},[44,14323,273],{"class":272},[44,14325,14326],{"class":276},"Copied:",[44,14328,273],{"class":272},[44,14330,66],{"class":58},[44,14332,14333],{"class":111}," copied",[44,14335,121],{"class":58},[44,14337,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,14339,128],{"class":127},[44,14341,115],{"class":58},[44,14343,12036],{"class":111},[44,14345,12144],{"class":3832},[44,14347,14333],{"class":111},[44,14349,121],{"class":58},[20,14351,14352],{},[214,14353,2028],{},[35,14355,14357],{"className":37,"code":14356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14358,14359,14391,14424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14360,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14362,13287],{"class":50},[44,14364,159],{"class":58},[44,14366,10441],{"class":58},[44,14368,3259],{"class":272},[44,14370,2130],{"class":276},[44,14372,3259],{"class":272},[44,14374,159],{"class":58},[44,14376,5450],{"class":62},[44,14378,66],{"class":58},[44,14380,3254],{"class":272},[44,14382,11695],{"class":276},[44,14384,3259],{"class":272},[44,14386,159],{"class":58},[44,14388,69],{"class":62},[44,14390,9258],{"class":58},[44,14392,14393,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14394,14395],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14397,159],{"class":58},[44,14399,10441],{"class":58},[44,14401,3259],{"class":272},[44,14403,2130],{"class":276},[44,14405,3259],{"class":272},[44,14407,159],{"class":58},[44,14409,10147],{"class":62},[44,14411,66],{"class":58},[44,14413,3254],{"class":272},[44,14415,11695],{"class":276},[44,14417,3259],{"class":272},[44,14419,159],{"class":58},[44,14421,69],{"class":62},[44,14423,9258],{"class":58},[44,14425,14426],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14427,3997],{"class":1582},[20,14429,14430],{},"Summary:",[161,14432,14433,14439],{},[164,14434,14435,14438],{},[15,14436,14437],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[164,14440,14441,14444],{},[15,14442,14443],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14446,14448],{"id":14447},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14450,14451,159],{},[15,14452,1861],{},[161,14454,14455,14458,14461,14464],{},[164,14456,14457],{},"Returns a dictionary",[164,14459,14460],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[164,14462,14463],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[164,14465,14466],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14468,2164],{},[35,14470,14472],{"className":37,"code":14471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14473,14474,14506,14522,14526,14544,14564,14568,14586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14475,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14477,9114],{"class":50},[44,14479,55],{"class":54},[44,14481,10441],{"class":58},[44,14483,273],{"class":272},[44,14485,394],{"class":276},[44,14487,273],{"class":272},[44,14489,159],{"class":58},[44,14491,5450],{"class":62},[44,14493,66],{"class":58},[44,14495,284],{"class":272},[44,14497,4714],{"class":276},[44,14499,273],{"class":272},[44,14501,159],{"class":58},[44,14503,69],{"class":62},[44,14505,9258],{"class":58},[44,14507,14508,14511,14513,14516,14518,14520],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14509,14510],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14512,55],{"class":54},[44,14514,14515],{"class":50}," data",[44,14517,108],{"class":58},[44,14519,12861],{"class":111},[44,14521,8590],{"class":58},[44,14523,14524],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14525,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14527,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14529,9153],{"class":50},[44,14531,3856],{"class":58},[44,14533,273],{"class":272},[44,14535,394],{"class":276},[44,14537,273],{"class":272},[44,14539,13224],{"class":58},[44,14541,13227],{"class":54},[44,14543,2544],{"class":62},[44,14545,14546,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,14547,14548],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14550,3856],{"class":58},[44,14552,273],{"class":272},[44,14554,4714],{"class":276},[44,14556,273],{"class":272},[44,14558,13224],{"class":58},[44,14560,13227],{"class":54},[44,14562,14563],{"class":62}," 20\n",[44,14565,14566],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,14567,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,14569,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,14571,128],{"class":127},[44,14573,115],{"class":58},[44,14575,273],{"class":272},[44,14577,13245],{"class":276},[44,14579,273],{"class":272},[44,14581,66],{"class":58},[44,14583,14515],{"class":111},[44,14585,121],{"class":58},[44,14587,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14603],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,14589,128],{"class":127},[44,14591,115],{"class":58},[44,14593,273],{"class":272},[44,14595,13264],{"class":276},[44,14597,273],{"class":272},[44,14599,66],{"class":58},[44,14601,14602],{"class":111}," data_copy",[44,14604,121],{"class":58},[20,14606,14607],{},[214,14608,2028],{},[35,14610,14612],{"className":37,"code":14611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14613,14614,14646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14615,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14617,13287],{"class":50},[44,14619,159],{"class":58},[44,14621,10441],{"class":58},[44,14623,3259],{"class":272},[44,14625,394],{"class":276},[44,14627,3259],{"class":272},[44,14629,159],{"class":58},[44,14631,5956],{"class":62},[44,14633,66],{"class":58},[44,14635,3254],{"class":272},[44,14637,4714],{"class":276},[44,14639,3259],{"class":272},[44,14641,159],{"class":58},[44,14643,69],{"class":62},[44,14645,9258],{"class":58},[44,14647,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14649,13324],{"class":50},[44,14651,159],{"class":58},[44,14653,10441],{"class":58},[44,14655,3259],{"class":272},[44,14657,394],{"class":276},[44,14659,3259],{"class":272},[44,14661,159],{"class":58},[44,14663,5450],{"class":62},[44,14665,66],{"class":58},[44,14667,3254],{"class":272},[44,14669,4714],{"class":276},[44,14671,3259],{"class":272},[44,14673,159],{"class":58},[44,14675,7738],{"class":62},[44,14677,9258],{"class":58},[30,14679,2788],{"id":2787},[20,14681,1086,14682,159],{},[15,14683,12385],{},[161,14685,14686,14693,14698,14703],{},[164,14687,582,14688,11042,14690,14692],{},[15,14689,55],{},[15,14691,1861],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[164,14694,4531,14695,14697],{},[15,14696,1861],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[164,14699,14700,14701],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14702,1861],{},[164,14704,14705],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14707,14708],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14710,14712],{"className":37,"code":14711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14713,14714,14724,14734,14748,14771,14794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14715,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14717,128],{"class":127},[44,14719,115],{"class":58},[44,14721,12083],{"class":111},[44,14723,121],{"class":58},[44,14725,14726,14728,14730,14732],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14727,128],{"class":127},[44,14729,115],{"class":58},[44,14731,14279],{"class":111},[44,14733,121],{"class":58},[44,14735,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,14737,128],{"class":127},[44,14739,115],{"class":58},[44,14741,12036],{"class":111},[44,14743,12144],{"class":3832},[44,14745,14333],{"class":111},[44,14747,121],{"class":58},[44,14749,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14765,14767,14769],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14751,128],{"class":127},[44,14753,115],{"class":58},[44,14755,12600],{"class":127},[44,14757,115],{"class":58},[44,14759,12083],{"class":111},[44,14761,9182],{"class":58},[44,14763,14764],{"class":127}," id",[44,14766,115],{"class":58},[44,14768,14279],{"class":111},[44,14770,637],{"class":58},[44,14772,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14790,14792],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,14774,128],{"class":127},[44,14776,115],{"class":58},[44,14778,12600],{"class":127},[44,14780,115],{"class":58},[44,14782,12083],{"class":111},[44,14784,3856],{"class":58},[44,14786,273],{"class":272},[44,14788,14789],{"class":276},"key",[44,14791,273],{"class":272},[44,14793,2957],{"class":58},[44,14795,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,14797,128],{"class":127},[44,14799,115],{"class":58},[44,14801,12600],{"class":127},[44,14803,115],{"class":58},[44,14805,14279],{"class":111},[44,14807,3856],{"class":58},[44,14809,273],{"class":272},[44,14811,14789],{"class":276},[44,14813,273],{"class":272},[44,14815,2957],{"class":58},[20,14817,14818],{},"What these help you check:",[161,14820,14821,14824,14827],{},[164,14822,14823],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[164,14825,14826],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[164,14828,14829],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14831,14832,14833,108],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[394,14834,14836],{"href":14835},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14838,1757],{"id":1756},[420,14840,1761,14842,14844],{"id":14841},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14843,12385],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14846,14847],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[420,14849,14851,14852,14854],{"id":14850},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14853,12385],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14856,14857],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[420,14859,1773,14861,398,14863,1778],{"id":14860},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14862,1861],{},[15,14864,55],{},[20,14866,14867,14869,14870,14872],{},[15,14868,1861],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14871,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[420,14874,14876],{"id":14875},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14878,14879],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,14881,1821],{"id":1820},[161,14883,14884,14888,14892,14896,14903,14909],{},[164,14885,14886],{},[394,14887,11193],{"href":12976},[164,14889,14890],{},[394,14891,9104],{"href":12973},[164,14893,14894],{},[394,14895,13739],{"href":13738},[164,14897,14898],{},[394,14899,10687,14900,574],{"href":13981},[15,14901,14902],{},"update()",[164,14904,14905],{},[394,14906,10687,14907,574],{"href":12773},[15,14908,11272],{},[164,14910,14911],{},[394,14912,14913],{"href":14835},"How to copy a list in Python",[1872,14915,14916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":14918},[14919,14920,14922,14923,14924,14925,14927,14933,14934,14935,14944],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":12945,"depth":75,"text":14921},"What the copy() method does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":13384,"depth":75,"text":13385},{"id":13742,"depth":75,"text":14926},"When to use copy()",{"id":13991,"depth":75,"text":14928,"children":14929},"copy() vs assignment",[14930,14931],{"id":14008,"depth":95,"text":14009},{"id":14216,"depth":95,"text":14932},"Using copy()",{"id":14447,"depth":75,"text":14448},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":14936},[14937,14939,14941,14943],{"id":14841,"depth":95,"text":14938},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14850,"depth":95,"text":14940},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14860,"depth":95,"text":14942},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14875,"depth":95,"text":14876},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12779,"description":14945},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14952,"title":14953,"body":14954,"description":17152,"extension":1921,"meta":17153,"navigation":98,"path":12976,"seo":17154,"stem":17155,"__hash__":17156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14955,"toc":17114},[14956,14959,14965,14974,14976,15052,15056,15105,15108,15112,15126,15129,15133,15146,15149,15182,15196,15199,15211,15215,15218,15226,15306,15310,15363,15367,15385,15387,15469,15472,15474,15477,15480,15503,15527,15531,15539,15542,15546,15555,15560,15618,15622,15655,15661,15667,15670,15725,15729,15779,15782,15788,15791,15799,15801,15846,15851,15860,15863,15866,15913,15915,15920,15923,16017,16021,16074,16077,16133,16136,16140,16143,16157,16161,16227,16231,16256,16259,16263,16341,16345,16348,16351,16371,16374,16427,16431,16434,16437,16450,16452,16541,16548,16551,16562,16564,16567,16587,16591,16594,16603,16606,16645,16649,16651,16660,16669,16671,16709,16713,16760,16764,16785,16789,16792,16904,16909,17007,17028,17030,17034,17041,17045,17051,17055,17058,17062,17065,17072,17080,17082,17108,17111],[10,14957,14953],{"id":14958},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14960,14961,14962,14964],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[214,14963,9080],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14966,14967,14968,2837,14970,108],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[394,14969,9104],{"href":9103},[394,14971,14973],{"href":14972},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,14975,33],{"id":32},[35,14977,14979],{"className":37,"code":14978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14980,14981,14989,15007,15021,15034,15038,15042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14982,14983,14985,14987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14984,12813],{"class":50},[44,14986,55],{"class":54},[44,14988,11443],{"class":58},[44,14990,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,14992,11448],{"class":272},[44,14994,7616],{"class":276},[44,14996,273],{"class":272},[44,14998,159],{"class":58},[44,15000,284],{"class":272},[44,15002,12830],{"class":276},[44,15004,273],{"class":272},[44,15006,11464],{"class":58},[44,15008,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15010,11448],{"class":272},[44,15012,9248],{"class":276},[44,15014,273],{"class":272},[44,15016,159],{"class":58},[44,15018,7738],{"class":62},[44,15020,11464],{"class":58},[44,15022,15023,15025,15028,15030,15032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15024,11448],{"class":272},[44,15026,15027],{"class":276},"is_active",[44,15029,273],{"class":272},[44,15031,159],{"class":58},[44,15033,6373],{"class":1582},[44,15035,15036],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,15037,9258],{"class":58},[44,15039,15040],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,15041,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15043,15044,15046,15048,15050],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,15045,128],{"class":127},[44,15047,115],{"class":58},[44,15049,13574],{"class":111},[44,15051,121],{"class":58},[20,15053,15054],{},[214,15055,2028],{},[35,15057,15059],{"className":37,"code":15058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15060,15061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15062,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089,15091,15093,15095,15097,15099,15101,15103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15064,9227],{"class":58},[44,15066,3259],{"class":272},[44,15068,7616],{"class":276},[44,15070,3259],{"class":272},[44,15072,159],{"class":58},[44,15074,3254],{"class":272},[44,15076,12830],{"class":276},[44,15078,3259],{"class":272},[44,15080,66],{"class":58},[44,15082,3254],{"class":272},[44,15084,9248],{"class":276},[44,15086,3259],{"class":272},[44,15088,159],{"class":58},[44,15090,7738],{"class":62},[44,15092,66],{"class":58},[44,15094,3254],{"class":272},[44,15096,15027],{"class":276},[44,15098,3259],{"class":272},[44,15100,159],{"class":58},[44,15102,3872],{"class":1582},[44,15104,9258],{"class":58},[20,15106,15107],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,15109,15111],{"id":15110},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[161,15113,15114,15117,15120,15123],{},[164,15115,15116],{},"What a dictionary is",[164,15118,15119],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[164,15121,15122],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[164,15124,15125],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15127,15116],{"id":15128},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15130,9077,15131,108],{},[214,15132,9080],{},[161,15134,15135,15141],{},[164,15136,15137,15138,15140],{},"A ",[214,15139,14789],{}," is the label",[164,15142,15137,15143,15145],{},[214,15144,2429],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15147,15148],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15150,15152],{"className":37,"code":15151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15153,15154,15162,15178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15155,15156,15158,15160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15157,12813],{"class":50},[44,15159,55],{"class":54},[44,15161,11443],{"class":58},[44,15163,15164,15166,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15165,11448],{"class":272},[44,15167,7616],{"class":276},[44,15169,273],{"class":272},[44,15171,159],{"class":58},[44,15173,284],{"class":272},[44,15175,12830],{"class":276},[44,15177,3318],{"class":272},[44,15179,15180],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15181,9258],{"class":58},[161,15183,15184,15190],{},[164,15185,15186,15189],{},[15,15187,15188],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[164,15191,15192,15195],{},[15,15193,15194],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15197,15198],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[161,15200,15201,15203,15205,15208],{},[164,15202,7616],{},[164,15204,9248],{},[164,15206,15207],{},"email",[164,15209,15210],{},"country",[30,15212,15214],{"id":15213},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15216,15217],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15219,144,15220,15222,15223,108],{},[15,15221,3749],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15224,15225],{},"key: value",[35,15227,15229],{"className":37,"code":15228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15230,15231,15239,15257,15271,15288,15292,15296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15232,15233,15235,15237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15234,12813],{"class":50},[44,15236,55],{"class":54},[44,15238,11443],{"class":58},[44,15240,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15253,15255],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15242,11448],{"class":272},[44,15244,7616],{"class":276},[44,15246,273],{"class":272},[44,15248,159],{"class":58},[44,15250,284],{"class":272},[44,15252,12830],{"class":276},[44,15254,273],{"class":272},[44,15256,11464],{"class":58},[44,15258,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15260,11448],{"class":272},[44,15262,9248],{"class":276},[44,15264,273],{"class":272},[44,15266,159],{"class":58},[44,15268,7738],{"class":62},[44,15270,11464],{"class":58},[44,15272,15273,15275,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15274,11448],{"class":272},[44,15276,15277],{"class":276},"course",[44,15279,273],{"class":272},[44,15281,159],{"class":58},[44,15283,284],{"class":272},[44,15285,7244],{"class":276},[44,15287,3318],{"class":272},[44,15289,15290],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,15291,9258],{"class":58},[44,15293,15294],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,15295,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15297,15298,15300,15302,15304],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,15299,128],{"class":127},[44,15301,115],{"class":58},[44,15303,13574],{"class":111},[44,15305,121],{"class":58},[20,15307,15308],{},[214,15309,2028],{},[35,15311,15313],{"className":37,"code":15312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15314,15315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15316,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15318,9227],{"class":58},[44,15320,3259],{"class":272},[44,15322,7616],{"class":276},[44,15324,3259],{"class":272},[44,15326,159],{"class":58},[44,15328,3254],{"class":272},[44,15330,12830],{"class":276},[44,15332,3259],{"class":272},[44,15334,66],{"class":58},[44,15336,3254],{"class":272},[44,15338,9248],{"class":276},[44,15340,3259],{"class":272},[44,15342,159],{"class":58},[44,15344,7738],{"class":62},[44,15346,66],{"class":58},[44,15348,3254],{"class":272},[44,15350,15277],{"class":276},[44,15352,3259],{"class":272},[44,15354,159],{"class":58},[44,15356,3254],{"class":272},[44,15358,7244],{"class":276},[44,15360,3259],{"class":272},[44,15362,9258],{"class":58},[420,15364,15366],{"id":15365},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[161,15368,15369,15374,15379,15382],{},[164,15370,144,15371,15373],{},[15,15372,3749],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[164,15375,15376,15377],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15378,15225],{},[164,15380,15381],{},"Separate items with commas",[164,15383,15384],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15386,2164],{},[35,15388,15390],{"className":37,"code":15389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15391,15392,15401,15421,15437,15450,15454,15458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15393,15394,15397,15399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15395,15396],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15398,55],{"class":54},[44,15400,11443],{"class":58},[44,15402,15403,15405,15408,15410,15412,15414,15417,15419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15404,11448],{"class":272},[44,15406,15407],{"class":276},"title",[44,15409,273],{"class":272},[44,15411,159],{"class":58},[44,15413,284],{"class":272},[44,15415,15416],{"class":276},"Python Basics",[44,15418,273],{"class":272},[44,15420,11464],{"class":58},[44,15422,15423,15425,15428,15430,15432,15435],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15424,11448],{"class":272},[44,15426,15427],{"class":276},"pages",[44,15429,273],{"class":272},[44,15431,159],{"class":58},[44,15433,15434],{"class":62}," 150",[44,15436,11464],{"class":58},[44,15438,15439,15441,15444,15446,15448],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15440,11448],{"class":272},[44,15442,15443],{"class":276},"available",[44,15445,273],{"class":272},[44,15447,159],{"class":58},[44,15449,6373],{"class":1582},[44,15451,15452],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,15453,9258],{"class":58},[44,15455,15456],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,15457,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15459,15460,15462,15464,15467],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,15461,128],{"class":127},[44,15463,115],{"class":58},[44,15465,15466],{"class":111},"book",[44,15468,121],{"class":58},[20,15470,15471],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15473,9352],{"id":9351},[20,15475,15476],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15478,15479],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15481,15483],{"className":37,"code":15482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15484,15485,15493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15486,15487,15489,15491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15488,9114],{"class":50},[44,15490,55],{"class":54},[44,15492,9788],{"class":58},[44,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15496,128],{"class":127},[44,15498,115],{"class":58},[44,15500,9153],{"class":111},[44,15502,121],{"class":58},[35,15504,15505],{"className":37,"code":9355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15506,15507,15517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15508,15509,15511,15513,15515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15510,9114],{"class":50},[44,15512,55],{"class":54},[44,15514,9119],{"class":1458},[44,15516,8590],{"class":58},[44,15518,15519,15521,15523,15525],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15520,128],{"class":127},[44,15522,115],{"class":58},[44,15524,9153],{"class":111},[44,15526,121],{"class":58},[20,15528,15529],{},[214,15530,2028],{},[35,15532,15533],{"className":37,"code":9384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15534,15535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15536,15537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15538,9384],{"class":58},[20,15540,15541],{},"Both are correct.",[420,15543,15545],{"id":15544},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15547,15548,15550,15551,15554],{},[15,15549,3749],{}," creates an empty ",[214,15552,15553],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15556,15557,15558,108],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15559,3754],{},[35,15561,15563],{"className":37,"code":15562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15564,15565,15573,15585,15589,15603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15566,15567,15569,15571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15568,11674],{"class":50},[44,15570,55],{"class":54},[44,15572,9788],{"class":58},[44,15574,15575,15578,15580,15583],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15576,15577],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15579,55],{"class":54},[44,15581,15582],{"class":1458}," set",[44,15584,8590],{"class":58},[44,15586,15587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15588,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15592,128],{"class":127},[44,15594,115],{"class":58},[44,15596,1459],{"class":1458},[44,15598,115],{"class":58},[44,15600,11399],{"class":111},[44,15602,637],{"class":58},[44,15604,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15616],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,15606,128],{"class":127},[44,15608,115],{"class":58},[44,15610,1459],{"class":1458},[44,15612,115],{"class":58},[44,15614,15615],{"class":111},"my_set",[44,15617,637],{"class":58},[20,15619,15620],{},[214,15621,2028],{},[35,15623,15625],{"className":37,"code":15624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15626,15627,15641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15628,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15630,3248],{"class":54},[44,15632,3251],{"class":2022},[44,15634,3254],{"class":272},[44,15636,8769],{"class":276},[44,15638,3259],{"class":272},[44,15640,3262],{"class":54},[44,15642,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15644,3248],{"class":54},[44,15646,3251],{"class":2022},[44,15648,3254],{"class":272},[44,15650,236],{"class":276},[44,15652,3259],{"class":272},[44,15654,3262],{"class":54},[30,15656,15658,15659],{"id":15657},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15660,9068],{},[20,15662,15663,15664,15666],{},"You can also use ",[15,15665,9068],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15668,15669],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15671,15673],{"className":37,"code":15672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15674,15675,15715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15676,15677,15679,15681,15683,15685,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15704,15706,15709,15711,15713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15678,12813],{"class":50},[44,15680,55],{"class":54},[44,15682,9119],{"class":1458},[44,15684,115],{"class":58},[44,15686,7616],{"class":9124},[44,15688,55],{"class":54},[44,15690,273],{"class":272},[44,15692,12830],{"class":276},[44,15694,273],{"class":272},[44,15696,66],{"class":58},[44,15698,9137],{"class":9124},[44,15700,55],{"class":54},[44,15702,15703],{"class":62},"20",[44,15705,66],{"class":58},[44,15707,15708],{"class":9124}," active",[44,15710,55],{"class":54},[44,15712,3565],{"class":1582},[44,15714,121],{"class":58},[44,15716,15717,15719,15721,15723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15718,128],{"class":127},[44,15720,115],{"class":58},[44,15722,13574],{"class":111},[44,15724,121],{"class":58},[20,15726,15727],{},[214,15728,2028],{},[35,15730,15732],{"className":37,"code":15731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15733,15734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15735,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15771,15773,15775,15777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15737,9227],{"class":58},[44,15739,3259],{"class":272},[44,15741,7616],{"class":276},[44,15743,3259],{"class":272},[44,15745,159],{"class":58},[44,15747,3254],{"class":272},[44,15749,12830],{"class":276},[44,15751,3259],{"class":272},[44,15753,66],{"class":58},[44,15755,3254],{"class":272},[44,15757,9248],{"class":276},[44,15759,3259],{"class":272},[44,15761,159],{"class":58},[44,15763,7738],{"class":62},[44,15765,66],{"class":58},[44,15767,3254],{"class":272},[44,15769,15770],{"class":276},"active",[44,15772,3259],{"class":272},[44,15774,159],{"class":58},[44,15776,3872],{"class":1582},[44,15778,9258],{"class":58},[20,15780,15781],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[420,15783,15785,15786],{"id":15784},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15787,9068],{},[20,15789,15790],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[161,15792,15793,15796],{},[164,15794,15795],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[164,15797,15798],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15800,6634],{},[35,15802,15804],{"className":37,"code":15803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15805,15806,15836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15807,15808,15810,15812,15814,15816,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15809,11438],{"class":50},[44,15811,55],{"class":54},[44,15813,9119],{"class":1458},[44,15815,115],{"class":58},[44,15817,7616],{"class":9124},[44,15819,55],{"class":54},[44,15821,273],{"class":272},[44,15823,7625],{"class":276},[44,15825,273],{"class":272},[44,15827,66],{"class":58},[44,15829,9137],{"class":9124},[44,15831,55],{"class":54},[44,15833,9142],{"class":62},[44,15835,121],{"class":58},[44,15837,15838,15840,15842,15844],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15839,128],{"class":127},[44,15841,115],{"class":58},[44,15843,11532],{"class":111},[44,15845,121],{"class":58},[20,15847,4580,15848,15850],{},[214,15849,4583],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15852,15854],{"className":37,"code":15853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15855,15856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15857,15858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15859,15853],{"class":140},[20,15861,15862],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15864,15865],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15867,15869],{"className":37,"code":15868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15870,15871,15879,15895,15899,15903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15872,15873,15875,15877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15874,11438],{"class":50},[44,15876,55],{"class":54},[44,15878,11443],{"class":58},[44,15880,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15882,11448],{"class":272},[44,15884,10446],{"class":276},[44,15886,273],{"class":272},[44,15888,159],{"class":58},[44,15890,284],{"class":272},[44,15892,7625],{"class":276},[44,15894,3318],{"class":272},[44,15896,15897],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15898,9258],{"class":58},[44,15900,15901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15902,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15904,15905,15907,15909,15911],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,15906,128],{"class":127},[44,15908,115],{"class":58},[44,15910,11532],{"class":111},[44,15912,121],{"class":58},[30,15914,9394],{"id":9393},[20,15916,15917,15919],{},[15,15918,9068],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15921,15922],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15924,15926],{"className":37,"code":15925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15927,15928,15985,15989,16003,16007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15929,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970,15972,15974,15976,15978,15981,15983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15931,9164],{"class":50},[44,15933,55],{"class":54},[44,15935,9169],{"class":58},[44,15937,273],{"class":272},[44,15939,7616],{"class":276},[44,15941,273],{"class":272},[44,15943,66],{"class":58},[44,15945,284],{"class":272},[44,15947,12830],{"class":276},[44,15949,273],{"class":272},[44,15951,9182],{"class":58},[44,15953,9185],{"class":58},[44,15955,273],{"class":272},[44,15957,9248],{"class":276},[44,15959,273],{"class":272},[44,15961,66],{"class":58},[44,15963,7738],{"class":62},[44,15965,9182],{"class":58},[44,15967,9185],{"class":58},[44,15969,273],{"class":272},[44,15971,10359],{"class":276},[44,15973,273],{"class":272},[44,15975,66],{"class":58},[44,15977,284],{"class":272},[44,15979,15980],{"class":276},"Lima",[44,15982,273],{"class":272},[44,15984,9198],{"class":58},[44,15986,15987],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,15988,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,15990,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,15992,12813],{"class":50},[44,15994,55],{"class":54},[44,15996,9119],{"class":1458},[44,15998,115],{"class":58},[44,16000,9211],{"class":111},[44,16002,121],{"class":58},[44,16004,16005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16006,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16008,16009,16011,16013,16015],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16010,128],{"class":127},[44,16012,115],{"class":58},[44,16014,13574],{"class":111},[44,16016,121],{"class":58},[20,16018,16019],{},[214,16020,2028],{},[35,16022,16024],{"className":37,"code":16023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16025,16026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16027,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16029,9227],{"class":58},[44,16031,3259],{"class":272},[44,16033,7616],{"class":276},[44,16035,3259],{"class":272},[44,16037,159],{"class":58},[44,16039,3254],{"class":272},[44,16041,12830],{"class":276},[44,16043,3259],{"class":272},[44,16045,66],{"class":58},[44,16047,3254],{"class":272},[44,16049,9248],{"class":276},[44,16051,3259],{"class":272},[44,16053,159],{"class":58},[44,16055,7738],{"class":62},[44,16057,66],{"class":58},[44,16059,3254],{"class":272},[44,16061,10359],{"class":276},[44,16063,3259],{"class":272},[44,16065,159],{"class":58},[44,16067,3254],{"class":272},[44,16069,15980],{"class":276},[44,16071,3259],{"class":272},[44,16073,9258],{"class":58},[20,16075,16076],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,16078,16080],{"className":37,"code":16079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16081,16082,16123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16083,16084,16086,16088,16090,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16085,12813],{"class":50},[44,16087,55],{"class":54},[44,16089,9119],{"class":1458},[44,16091,16092],{"class":58},"(((",[44,16094,273],{"class":272},[44,16096,7616],{"class":276},[44,16098,273],{"class":272},[44,16100,66],{"class":58},[44,16102,284],{"class":272},[44,16104,12830],{"class":276},[44,16106,273],{"class":272},[44,16108,9182],{"class":58},[44,16110,9185],{"class":58},[44,16112,273],{"class":272},[44,16114,9248],{"class":276},[44,16116,273],{"class":272},[44,16118,66],{"class":58},[44,16120,7738],{"class":62},[44,16122,2871],{"class":58},[44,16124,16125,16127,16129,16131],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16126,128],{"class":127},[44,16128,115],{"class":58},[44,16130,13574],{"class":111},[44,16132,121],{"class":58},[20,16134,16135],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16137,16139],{"id":16138},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16141,16142],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[161,16144,16145,16148,16151,16154],{},[164,16146,16147],{},"Keys must be unique",[164,16149,16150],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[164,16152,16153],{},"Values can repeat",[164,16155,16156],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[420,16158,16160],{"id":16159},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16162,16164],{"className":37,"code":16163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16165,16166,16174,16192,16209,16213,16217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16167,16168,16170,16172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16169,9114],{"class":50},[44,16171,55],{"class":54},[44,16173,11443],{"class":58},[44,16175,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16177,11448],{"class":272},[44,16179,7616],{"class":276},[44,16181,273],{"class":272},[44,16183,159],{"class":58},[44,16185,284],{"class":272},[44,16187,12830],{"class":276},[44,16189,273],{"class":272},[44,16191,11464],{"class":58},[44,16193,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16207],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16195,11448],{"class":272},[44,16197,7616],{"class":276},[44,16199,273],{"class":272},[44,16201,159],{"class":58},[44,16203,284],{"class":272},[44,16205,16206],{"class":276},"Maria",[44,16208,3318],{"class":272},[44,16210,16211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16212,9258],{"class":58},[44,16214,16215],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16216,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16218,16219,16221,16223,16225],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,16220,128],{"class":127},[44,16222,115],{"class":58},[44,16224,9153],{"class":111},[44,16226,121],{"class":58},[20,16228,16229],{},[214,16230,2028],{},[35,16232,16234],{"className":37,"code":16233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16235,16236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16237,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16239,9227],{"class":58},[44,16241,3259],{"class":272},[44,16243,7616],{"class":276},[44,16245,3259],{"class":272},[44,16247,159],{"class":58},[44,16249,3254],{"class":272},[44,16251,16206],{"class":276},[44,16253,3259],{"class":272},[44,16255,9258],{"class":58},[20,16257,16258],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[420,16260,16262],{"id":16261},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16264,16266],{"className":37,"code":16265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16267,16268,16276,16292,16308,16322,16326,16330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16269,16270,16272,16274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16271,5017],{"class":50},[44,16273,55],{"class":54},[44,16275,11443],{"class":58},[44,16277,16278,16281,16283,16285,16288,16290],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16279,16280],{"class":62},"    1",[44,16282,159],{"class":58},[44,16284,284],{"class":272},[44,16286,16287],{"class":276},"low",[44,16289,273],{"class":272},[44,16291,11464],{"class":58},[44,16293,16294,16297,16299,16301,16304,16306],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16295,16296],{"class":62},"    2",[44,16298,159],{"class":58},[44,16300,284],{"class":272},[44,16302,16303],{"class":276},"medium",[44,16305,273],{"class":272},[44,16307,11464],{"class":58},[44,16309,16310,16313,16315,16317,16320],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16311,16312],{"class":62},"    3",[44,16314,159],{"class":58},[44,16316,284],{"class":272},[44,16318,16319],{"class":276},"high",[44,16321,3318],{"class":272},[44,16323,16324],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16325,9258],{"class":58},[44,16327,16328],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,16329,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16331,16332,16334,16336,16339],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,16333,128],{"class":127},[44,16335,115],{"class":58},[44,16337,16338],{"class":111},"scores",[44,16340,121],{"class":58},[420,16342,16344],{"id":16343},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16346,16347],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16349,16350],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16352,16354],{"className":37,"code":16353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16355,16356,16361,16366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16357,16358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16359,16360],{"class":140},"# bad = {\n",[44,16362,16363],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16364,16365],{"class":140},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16367,16368],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16369,16370],{"class":140},"# }\n",[20,16372,16373],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16375,16377],{"className":37,"code":16376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16378,16379,16388,16408,16412,16416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16380,16381,16384,16386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16382,16383],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16385,55],{"class":54},[44,16387,11443],{"class":58},[44,16389,16390,16393,16395,16397,16399,16402,16404,16406],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16391,16392],{"class":58},"    (",[44,16394,63],{"class":62},[44,16396,66],{"class":58},[44,16398,69],{"class":62},[44,16400,16401],{"class":58},"):",[44,16403,284],{"class":272},[44,16405,105],{"class":276},[44,16407,3318],{"class":272},[44,16409,16410],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16411,9258],{"class":58},[44,16413,16414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16415,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16417,16418,16420,16422,16425],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16419,128],{"class":127},[44,16421,115],{"class":58},[44,16423,16424],{"class":111},"good",[44,16426,121],{"class":58},[30,16428,16430],{"id":16429},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16432,16433],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16435,16436],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[161,16438,16439,16442,16444,16447],{},[164,16440,16441],{},"user data",[164,16443,13833],{},[164,16445,16446],{},"counters",[164,16448,16449],{},"lookups",[20,16451,2164],{},[35,16453,16455],{"className":37,"code":16454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16456,16457,16465,16484,16503,16515,16519,16523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16458,16459,16461,16463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16460,11438],{"class":50},[44,16462,55],{"class":54},[44,16464,11443],{"class":58},[44,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16480,16482],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16468,11448],{"class":272},[44,16470,7933],{"class":276},[44,16472,273],{"class":272},[44,16474,159],{"class":58},[44,16476,284],{"class":272},[44,16478,16479],{"class":276},"ana123",[44,16481,273],{"class":272},[44,16483,11464],{"class":58},[44,16485,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16499,16501],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16487,11448],{"class":272},[44,16489,15207],{"class":276},[44,16491,273],{"class":272},[44,16493,159],{"class":58},[44,16495,284],{"class":272},[44,16497,16498],{"class":276},"ana@example.com",[44,16500,273],{"class":272},[44,16502,11464],{"class":58},[44,16504,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16506,11448],{"class":272},[44,16508,12465],{"class":276},[44,16510,273],{"class":272},[44,16512,159],{"class":58},[44,16514,6373],{"class":1582},[44,16516,16517],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16518,9258],{"class":58},[44,16520,16521],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,16522,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16524,16525,16527,16529,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,16526,128],{"class":127},[44,16528,115],{"class":58},[44,16530,11532],{"class":111},[44,16532,3856],{"class":58},[44,16534,273],{"class":272},[44,16536,15207],{"class":276},[44,16538,273],{"class":272},[44,16540,466],{"class":58},[20,16542,16543,16544,108],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[394,16545,16547],{"href":16546},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16549,16550],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[161,16552,16553,16556,16559],{},[164,16554,16555],{},"labels are not needed",[164,16557,16558],{},"you mostly care about position",[164,16560,16561],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16563,2788],{"id":2787},[20,16565,16566],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[161,16568,16569,16572,16575,16578,16581],{},[164,16570,16571],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[164,16573,16574],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[164,16576,16577],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[164,16579,16580],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[164,16582,16583,16584,16586],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16585,3749],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[420,16588,16590],{"id":16589},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16592,16593],{},"Wrong:",[35,16595,16597],{"className":37,"code":16596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16598,16599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16600,16601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16602,16596],{"class":140},[20,16604,16605],{},"Correct:",[35,16607,16609],{"className":37,"code":16608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16610,16611,16635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16612,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629,16631,16633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16614,12813],{"class":50},[44,16616,55],{"class":54},[44,16618,10441],{"class":58},[44,16620,273],{"class":272},[44,16622,7616],{"class":276},[44,16624,273],{"class":272},[44,16626,159],{"class":58},[44,16628,284],{"class":272},[44,16630,12830],{"class":276},[44,16632,273],{"class":272},[44,16634,9258],{"class":58},[44,16636,16637,16639,16641,16643],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16638,128],{"class":127},[44,16640,115],{"class":58},[44,16642,13574],{"class":111},[44,16644,121],{"class":58},[420,16646,16648],{"id":16647},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16650,16593],{},[35,16652,16654],{"className":37,"code":16653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16655,16656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16657,16658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16659,16653],{"class":140},[20,16661,16662,16663,16665,16666,16668],{},"This only works if ",[15,16664,7616],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16667,15188],{},", use quotes.",[20,16670,16605],{},[35,16672,16673],{"className":37,"code":16608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16674,16675,16699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16676,16677,16679,16681,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16678,12813],{"class":50},[44,16680,55],{"class":54},[44,16682,10441],{"class":58},[44,16684,273],{"class":272},[44,16686,7616],{"class":276},[44,16688,273],{"class":272},[44,16690,159],{"class":58},[44,16692,284],{"class":272},[44,16694,12830],{"class":276},[44,16696,273],{"class":272},[44,16698,9258],{"class":58},[44,16700,16701,16703,16705,16707],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16702,128],{"class":127},[44,16704,115],{"class":58},[44,16706,13574],{"class":111},[44,16708,121],{"class":58},[420,16710,16712],{"id":16711},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16714,16716],{"className":37,"code":16715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16717,16718,16750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16719,16720,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16721,9114],{"class":50},[44,16723,55],{"class":54},[44,16725,10441],{"class":58},[44,16727,273],{"class":272},[44,16729,9248],{"class":276},[44,16731,273],{"class":272},[44,16733,159],{"class":58},[44,16735,7738],{"class":62},[44,16737,66],{"class":58},[44,16739,284],{"class":272},[44,16741,9248],{"class":276},[44,16743,273],{"class":272},[44,16745,159],{"class":58},[44,16747,7743],{"class":62},[44,16749,9258],{"class":58},[44,16751,16752,16754,16756,16758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16753,128],{"class":127},[44,16755,115],{"class":58},[44,16757,9153],{"class":111},[44,16759,121],{"class":58},[20,16761,16762],{},[214,16763,2028],{},[35,16765,16767],{"className":37,"code":16766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16768,16769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16770,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16772,9227],{"class":58},[44,16774,3259],{"class":272},[44,16776,9248],{"class":276},[44,16778,3259],{"class":272},[44,16780,159],{"class":58},[44,16782,7743],{"class":62},[44,16784,9258],{"class":58},[30,16786,16788],{"id":16787},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16790,16791],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16793,16795],{"className":37,"code":16794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16796,16797,16833,16837,16847,16861,16876,16890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16798,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16800,11674],{"class":50},[44,16802,55],{"class":54},[44,16804,10441],{"class":58},[44,16806,273],{"class":272},[44,16808,7616],{"class":276},[44,16810,273],{"class":272},[44,16812,159],{"class":58},[44,16814,284],{"class":272},[44,16816,12830],{"class":276},[44,16818,273],{"class":272},[44,16820,66],{"class":58},[44,16822,284],{"class":272},[44,16824,9248],{"class":276},[44,16826,273],{"class":272},[44,16828,159],{"class":58},[44,16830,7738],{"class":62},[44,16832,9258],{"class":58},[44,16834,16835],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16836,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,16838,16839,16841,16843,16845],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16840,128],{"class":127},[44,16842,115],{"class":58},[44,16844,11399],{"class":111},[44,16846,121],{"class":58},[44,16848,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16850,128],{"class":127},[44,16852,115],{"class":58},[44,16854,1459],{"class":1458},[44,16856,115],{"class":58},[44,16858,11399],{"class":111},[44,16860,637],{"class":58},[44,16862,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16874],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,16864,128],{"class":127},[44,16866,115],{"class":58},[44,16868,11399],{"class":111},[44,16870,108],{"class":58},[44,16872,16873],{"class":111},"keys",[44,16875,7141],{"class":58},[44,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,16879,128],{"class":127},[44,16881,115],{"class":58},[44,16883,11399],{"class":111},[44,16885,108],{"class":58},[44,16887,621],{"class":111},[44,16889,7141],{"class":58},[44,16891,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,16893,128],{"class":127},[44,16895,115],{"class":58},[44,16897,11112],{"class":127},[44,16899,115],{"class":58},[44,16901,11399],{"class":111},[44,16903,637],{"class":58},[20,16905,16906],{},[214,16907,16908],{},"Example output:",[35,16910,16912],{"className":37,"code":16911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16913,16914,16946,16960,16983,17002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16915,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16917,9227],{"class":58},[44,16919,3259],{"class":272},[44,16921,7616],{"class":276},[44,16923,3259],{"class":272},[44,16925,159],{"class":58},[44,16927,3254],{"class":272},[44,16929,12830],{"class":276},[44,16931,3259],{"class":272},[44,16933,66],{"class":58},[44,16935,3254],{"class":272},[44,16937,9248],{"class":276},[44,16939,3259],{"class":272},[44,16941,159],{"class":58},[44,16943,7738],{"class":62},[44,16945,9258],{"class":58},[44,16947,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,16949,3248],{"class":54},[44,16951,3251],{"class":2022},[44,16953,3254],{"class":272},[44,16955,8769],{"class":276},[44,16957,3259],{"class":272},[44,16959,3262],{"class":54},[44,16961,16962,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,16963,16964],{"class":111},"dict_keys",[44,16966,457],{"class":58},[44,16968,3259],{"class":272},[44,16970,7616],{"class":276},[44,16972,3259],{"class":272},[44,16974,66],{"class":58},[44,16976,3254],{"class":272},[44,16978,9248],{"class":276},[44,16980,3259],{"class":272},[44,16982,466],{"class":58},[44,16984,16985,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16986,16987],{"class":111},"dict_values",[44,16989,457],{"class":58},[44,16991,3259],{"class":272},[44,16993,12830],{"class":276},[44,16995,3259],{"class":272},[44,16997,66],{"class":58},[44,16999,7738],{"class":62},[44,17001,466],{"class":58},[44,17003,17004],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,17005,17006],{"class":62},"2\n",[20,17008,17009,17010,798,17016,802,17022,108],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[394,17011,10687,17013],{"href":17012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17014,17015],{},"keys()",[394,17017,10687,17019],{"href":17018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17020,17021],{},"values()",[394,17023,10687,17025],{"href":17024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17026,17027],{},"items()",[30,17029,1757],{"id":1756},[420,17031,17033],{"id":17032},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17035,144,17036,2837,17038,17040],{},[15,17037,3749],{},[15,17039,9068],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[420,17042,17044],{"id":17043},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17046,17047,17048,108],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17049,17050],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[420,17052,17054],{"id":17053},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17056,17057],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[420,17059,17061],{"id":17060},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17063,17064],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[420,17066,1773,17068,398,17070,1778],{"id":17067},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17069,3749],{},[15,17071,9068],{},[20,17073,17074,17076,17077,17079],{},[15,17075,3749],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17078,9068],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,17081,1821],{"id":1820},[161,17083,17084,17088,17094,17098,17104],{},[164,17085,17086],{},[394,17087,9104],{"href":9103},[164,17089,17090],{},[394,17091,10687,17092,574],{"href":10686},[15,17093,10690],{},[164,17095,17096],{},[394,17097,11202],{"href":10681},[164,17099,17100],{},[394,17101,17103],{"href":17102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[164,17105,17106],{},[394,17107,11213],{"href":11024},[20,17109,17110],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1872,17112,17113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":17115},[17116,17117,17118,17119,17122,17125,17130,17131,17136,17137,17142,17143,17151],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":15128,"depth":75,"text":15116},{"id":15213,"depth":75,"text":15214,"children":17120},[17121],{"id":15365,"depth":95,"text":15366},{"id":9351,"depth":75,"text":9352,"children":17123},[17124],{"id":15544,"depth":95,"text":15545},{"id":15657,"depth":75,"text":17126,"children":17127},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17128],{"id":15784,"depth":95,"text":17129},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9393,"depth":75,"text":9394},{"id":16138,"depth":75,"text":16139,"children":17132},[17133,17134,17135],{"id":16159,"depth":95,"text":16160},{"id":16261,"depth":95,"text":16262},{"id":16343,"depth":95,"text":16344},{"id":16429,"depth":75,"text":16430},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":17138},[17139,17140,17141],{"id":16589,"depth":95,"text":16590},{"id":16647,"depth":95,"text":16648},{"id":16711,"depth":95,"text":16712},{"id":16787,"depth":75,"text":16788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":17144},[17145,17146,17147,17148,17149],{"id":17032,"depth":95,"text":17033},{"id":17043,"depth":95,"text":17044},{"id":17053,"depth":95,"text":17054},{"id":17060,"depth":95,"text":17061},{"id":17067,"depth":95,"text":17150},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14953,"description":17152},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17158,"title":17159,"body":17160,"description":19610,"extension":1921,"meta":19611,"navigation":98,"path":19612,"seo":19613,"stem":19614,"__hash__":19615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17161,"toc":19566},[17162,17168,17174,17177,17180,17182,17264,17270,17275,17279,17297,17309,17314,17318,17341,17345,17357,17365,17369,17375,17377,17380,17455,17457,17502,17504,17521,17526,17532,17537,17611,17613,17658,17661,17672,17674,17793,17795,17848,17855,17859,17862,17879,17885,17889,17987,17989,18041,18048,18052,18058,18061,18064,18091,18096,18100,18103,18207,18209,18254,18257,18260,18265,18270,18281,18283,18344,18404,18410,18418,18424,18429,18434,18494,18498,18565,18568,18572,18643,18645,18658,18665,18667,18671,18675,18746,18748,18785,18788,18791,18854,18861,18864,18906,18916,18919,18988,18994,18999,19083,19085,19134,19141,19147,19192,19194,19227,19232,19236,19242,19281,19325,19393,19436,19438,19444,19447,19451,19456,19460,19463,19467,19469,19530,19532,19558,19563],[10,17163,11269,17165,18],{"id":17164},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17166,17167],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17169,17170,17173],{},[15,17171,17172],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17175,17176],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17178,17179],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17181,33],{"id":32},[35,17183,17185],{"className":37,"code":17184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17186,17187,17220,17248,17259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17188,17189,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17190,17191],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17193,55],{"class":54},[44,17195,59],{"class":58},[44,17197,273],{"class":272},[44,17199,7616],{"class":276},[44,17201,273],{"class":272},[44,17203,66],{"class":58},[44,17205,284],{"class":272},[44,17207,9248],{"class":276},[44,17209,273],{"class":272},[44,17211,66],{"class":58},[44,17213,284],{"class":272},[44,17215,10359],{"class":276},[44,17217,273],{"class":272},[44,17219,72],{"class":58},[44,17221,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17233,17235,17237,17239,17241,17244,17246],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,17223,13155],{"class":50},[44,17225,55],{"class":54},[44,17227,9119],{"class":1458},[44,17229,108],{"class":58},[44,17231,17232],{"class":111},"fromkeys",[44,17234,115],{"class":58},[44,17236,16873],{"class":111},[44,17238,66],{"class":58},[44,17240,284],{"class":272},[44,17242,17243],{"class":276},"unknown",[44,17245,273],{"class":272},[44,17247,121],{"class":58},[44,17249,17250,17252,17254,17257],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,17251,128],{"class":127},[44,17253,115],{"class":58},[44,17255,17256],{"class":111},"person",[44,17258,121],{"class":58},[44,17260,17261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17262,17263],{"class":140},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17265,144,17266,17269],{},[15,17267,17268],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17271,151,17273,154],{"id":17272},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17274,17172],{},[20,17276,17277,159],{},[15,17278,17172],{},[161,17280,17281,17284,17287,17290],{},[164,17282,17283],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[164,17285,17286],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[164,17288,17289],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[164,17291,17292,17293,17296],{},"Is called as ",[15,17294,17295],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17298,17299,17300,17302,17303,17305,17306,108],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17301,8769],{},", so you write ",[15,17304,17295],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17307,17308],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17310,17311,17312,108],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[394,17313,9104],{"href":12973},[30,17315,17317],{"id":17316},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17319,17321],{"className":37,"code":17320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17322,17323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17324,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17326,8769],{"class":1458},[44,17328,108],{"class":58},[44,17330,17232],{"class":111},[44,17332,115],{"class":58},[44,17334,207],{"class":111},[44,17336,66],{"class":58},[44,17338,8379],{"class":111},[44,17340,121],{"class":58},[420,17342,17344],{"id":17343},"parameters","Parameters",[161,17346,17347,17352],{},[164,17348,17349,17351],{},[15,17350,207],{},": the keys to use",[164,17353,17354,17356],{},[15,17355,2429],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17358,17359,17360,17362,17363,108],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17361,2429],{},", each key gets ",[15,17364,178],{},[420,17366,17368],{"id":17367},"return-value","Return value",[20,17370,17371,17372,108],{},"It returns a ",[214,17373,17374],{},"new dictionary",[30,17376,5738],{"id":5737},[20,17378,17379],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17381,17383],{"className":37,"code":17382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17384,17385,17418,17440,17444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17388,17191],{"class":50},[44,17390,55],{"class":54},[44,17392,59],{"class":58},[44,17394,273],{"class":272},[44,17396,13043],{"class":276},[44,17398,273],{"class":272},[44,17400,66],{"class":58},[44,17402,284],{"class":272},[44,17404,17405],{"class":276},"green",[44,17407,273],{"class":272},[44,17409,66],{"class":58},[44,17411,284],{"class":272},[44,17413,13060],{"class":276},[44,17415,273],{"class":272},[44,17417,72],{"class":58},[44,17419,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,17421,13026],{"class":50},[44,17423,55],{"class":54},[44,17425,9119],{"class":1458},[44,17427,108],{"class":58},[44,17429,17232],{"class":111},[44,17431,115],{"class":58},[44,17433,16873],{"class":111},[44,17435,66],{"class":58},[44,17437,3790],{"class":62},[44,17439,121],{"class":58},[44,17441,17442],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,17443,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17445,17446,17448,17450,17453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17447,128],{"class":127},[44,17449,115],{"class":58},[44,17451,17452],{"class":111},"colors",[44,17454,121],{"class":58},[20,17456,2028],{},[35,17458,17460],{"className":37,"code":17459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17461,17462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17463,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17465,9227],{"class":58},[44,17467,3259],{"class":272},[44,17469,13043],{"class":276},[44,17471,3259],{"class":272},[44,17473,159],{"class":58},[44,17475,3790],{"class":62},[44,17477,66],{"class":58},[44,17479,3254],{"class":272},[44,17481,17405],{"class":276},[44,17483,3259],{"class":272},[44,17485,159],{"class":58},[44,17487,3790],{"class":62},[44,17489,66],{"class":58},[44,17491,3254],{"class":272},[44,17493,13060],{"class":276},[44,17495,3259],{"class":272},[44,17497,159],{"class":58},[44,17499,3790],{"class":62},[44,17501,9258],{"class":58},[20,17503,361],{},[161,17505,17506,17511,17516],{},[164,17507,17508,17510],{},[15,17509,16873],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[164,17512,17513,17515],{},[15,17514,746],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[164,17517,17518,17520],{},[15,17519,17172],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17522,17523,17524,108],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[394,17525,9341],{"href":12976},[30,17527,582,17529,17531],{"id":17528},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17530,17167],{}," without a value",[20,17533,17534,17535,108],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17536,178],{},[35,17538,17540],{"className":37,"code":17539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17541,17542,17576,17596,17600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17543,17544,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17572,17574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17545,17546],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17548,55],{"class":54},[44,17550,59],{"class":58},[44,17552,273],{"class":272},[44,17554,7933],{"class":276},[44,17556,273],{"class":272},[44,17558,66],{"class":58},[44,17560,284],{"class":272},[44,17562,15207],{"class":276},[44,17564,273],{"class":272},[44,17566,66],{"class":58},[44,17568,284],{"class":272},[44,17570,17571],{"class":276},"password",[44,17573,273],{"class":272},[44,17575,72],{"class":58},[44,17577,17578,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17594],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,17579,17580],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17582,55],{"class":54},[44,17584,9119],{"class":1458},[44,17586,108],{"class":58},[44,17588,17232],{"class":111},[44,17590,115],{"class":58},[44,17592,17593],{"class":111},"fields",[44,17595,121],{"class":58},[44,17597,17598],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,17599,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17601,17602,17604,17606,17609],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17603,128],{"class":127},[44,17605,115],{"class":58},[44,17607,17608],{"class":111},"user_data",[44,17610,121],{"class":58},[20,17612,2028],{},[35,17614,17616],{"className":37,"code":17615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17617,17618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17619,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17621,9227],{"class":58},[44,17623,3259],{"class":272},[44,17625,7933],{"class":276},[44,17627,3259],{"class":272},[44,17629,159],{"class":58},[44,17631,3808],{"class":1582},[44,17633,66],{"class":58},[44,17635,3254],{"class":272},[44,17637,15207],{"class":276},[44,17639,3259],{"class":272},[44,17641,159],{"class":58},[44,17643,3808],{"class":1582},[44,17645,66],{"class":58},[44,17647,3254],{"class":272},[44,17649,17571],{"class":276},[44,17651,3259],{"class":272},[44,17653,159],{"class":58},[44,17655,3808],{"class":1582},[44,17657,9258],{"class":58},[20,17659,17660],{},"This is useful when:",[161,17662,17663,17666,17669],{},[164,17664,17665],{},"You want to create the keys first",[164,17667,17668],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[164,17670,17671],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17673,2164],{},[35,17675,17677],{"className":37,"code":17676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17678,17679,17711,17729,17733,17756,17779,17783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17680,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17682,17546],{"class":50},[44,17684,55],{"class":54},[44,17686,59],{"class":58},[44,17688,273],{"class":272},[44,17690,7933],{"class":276},[44,17692,273],{"class":272},[44,17694,66],{"class":58},[44,17696,284],{"class":272},[44,17698,15207],{"class":276},[44,17700,273],{"class":272},[44,17702,66],{"class":58},[44,17704,284],{"class":272},[44,17706,17571],{"class":276},[44,17708,273],{"class":272},[44,17710,72],{"class":58},[44,17712,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,17714,17580],{"class":50},[44,17716,55],{"class":54},[44,17718,9119],{"class":1458},[44,17720,108],{"class":58},[44,17722,17232],{"class":111},[44,17724,115],{"class":58},[44,17726,17593],{"class":111},[44,17728,121],{"class":58},[44,17730,17731],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,17732,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17734,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751,17754],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17736,17608],{"class":50},[44,17738,3856],{"class":58},[44,17740,273],{"class":272},[44,17742,7933],{"class":276},[44,17744,273],{"class":272},[44,17746,13224],{"class":58},[44,17748,13227],{"class":54},[44,17750,284],{"class":272},[44,17752,17753],{"class":276},"alice",[44,17755,3318],{"class":272},[44,17757,17758,17760,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17777],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,17759,17608],{"class":50},[44,17761,3856],{"class":58},[44,17763,273],{"class":272},[44,17765,15207],{"class":276},[44,17767,273],{"class":272},[44,17769,13224],{"class":58},[44,17771,13227],{"class":54},[44,17773,284],{"class":272},[44,17775,17776],{"class":276},"alice@example.com",[44,17778,3318],{"class":272},[44,17780,17781],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,17782,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17784,17785,17787,17789,17791],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,17786,128],{"class":127},[44,17788,115],{"class":58},[44,17790,17608],{"class":111},[44,17792,121],{"class":58},[20,17794,2028],{},[35,17796,17798],{"className":37,"code":17797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17799,17800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17801,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17803,9227],{"class":58},[44,17805,3259],{"class":272},[44,17807,7933],{"class":276},[44,17809,3259],{"class":272},[44,17811,159],{"class":58},[44,17813,3254],{"class":272},[44,17815,17753],{"class":276},[44,17817,3259],{"class":272},[44,17819,66],{"class":58},[44,17821,3254],{"class":272},[44,17823,15207],{"class":276},[44,17825,3259],{"class":272},[44,17827,159],{"class":58},[44,17829,3254],{"class":272},[44,17831,17776],{"class":276},[44,17833,3259],{"class":272},[44,17835,66],{"class":58},[44,17837,3254],{"class":272},[44,17839,17571],{"class":276},[44,17841,3259],{"class":272},[44,17843,159],{"class":58},[44,17845,3808],{"class":1582},[44,17847,9258],{"class":58},[20,17849,17850,17851,108],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[394,17852,17854],{"href":17853},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,17856,17858],{"id":17857},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17860,17861],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[161,17863,17864,17869,17874],{},[164,17865,17866,17868],{},[15,17867,3744],{}," (list)",[164,17870,17871,17873],{},[15,17872,3749],{}," (dictionary)",[164,17875,17876,17878],{},[15,17877,3754],{}," (set)",[20,17880,17881,17882,108],{},"All keys will point to the ",[214,17883,17884],{},"same object",[420,17886,17888],{"id":17887},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17890,17892],{"className":37,"code":17891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17893,17894,17926,17947,17951,17973,17977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17895,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17897,17191],{"class":50},[44,17899,55],{"class":54},[44,17901,59],{"class":58},[44,17903,273],{"class":272},[44,17905,394],{"class":276},[44,17907,273],{"class":272},[44,17909,66],{"class":58},[44,17911,284],{"class":272},[44,17913,4714],{"class":276},[44,17915,273],{"class":272},[44,17917,66],{"class":58},[44,17919,284],{"class":272},[44,17921,9689],{"class":276},[44,17923,273],{"class":272},[44,17925,72],{"class":58},[44,17927,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,17929,9114],{"class":50},[44,17931,55],{"class":54},[44,17933,9119],{"class":1458},[44,17935,108],{"class":58},[44,17937,17232],{"class":111},[44,17939,115],{"class":58},[44,17941,16873],{"class":111},[44,17943,66],{"class":58},[44,17945,17946],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,17948,17949],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,17950,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17952,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17954,9153],{"class":50},[44,17956,3856],{"class":58},[44,17958,273],{"class":272},[44,17960,394],{"class":276},[44,17962,273],{"class":272},[44,17964,13499],{"class":58},[44,17966,520],{"class":111},[44,17968,115],{"class":58},[44,17970,63],{"class":62},[44,17972,121],{"class":58},[44,17974,17975],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,17976,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,17978,17979,17981,17983,17985],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,17980,128],{"class":127},[44,17982,115],{"class":58},[44,17984,9153],{"class":111},[44,17986,121],{"class":58},[20,17988,2028],{},[35,17990,17992],{"className":37,"code":17991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17993,17994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17995,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17997,9227],{"class":58},[44,17999,3259],{"class":272},[44,18001,394],{"class":276},[44,18003,3259],{"class":272},[44,18005,159],{"class":58},[44,18007,59],{"class":58},[44,18009,63],{"class":62},[44,18011,18012],{"class":58},"],",[44,18014,3254],{"class":272},[44,18016,4714],{"class":276},[44,18018,3259],{"class":272},[44,18020,159],{"class":58},[44,18022,59],{"class":58},[44,18024,63],{"class":62},[44,18026,18012],{"class":58},[44,18028,3254],{"class":272},[44,18030,9689],{"class":276},[44,18032,3259],{"class":272},[44,18034,159],{"class":58},[44,18036,59],{"class":58},[44,18038,63],{"class":62},[44,18040,13654],{"class":58},[20,18042,18043,18044,18047],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18045,18046],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[420,18049,18051],{"id":18050},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18053,18054,18057],{},[15,18055,18056],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18059,18060],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18062,18063],{},"So this:",[35,18065,18067],{"className":37,"code":18066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18068,18069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18070,18071,18073,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18072,9153],{"class":50},[44,18074,3856],{"class":58},[44,18076,273],{"class":272},[44,18078,394],{"class":276},[44,18080,273],{"class":272},[44,18082,13499],{"class":58},[44,18084,520],{"class":111},[44,18086,115],{"class":58},[44,18088,63],{"class":62},[44,18090,121],{"class":58},[20,18092,18093,18094,108],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18095,18046],{},[420,18097,18099],{"id":18098},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18101,18102],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,18104,18106],{"className":37,"code":18105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18107,18108,18140,18167,18171,18193,18197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18109,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18111,17191],{"class":50},[44,18113,55],{"class":54},[44,18115,59],{"class":58},[44,18117,273],{"class":272},[44,18119,394],{"class":276},[44,18121,273],{"class":272},[44,18123,66],{"class":58},[44,18125,284],{"class":272},[44,18127,4714],{"class":276},[44,18129,273],{"class":272},[44,18131,66],{"class":58},[44,18133,284],{"class":272},[44,18135,9689],{"class":276},[44,18137,273],{"class":272},[44,18139,72],{"class":58},[44,18141,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18155,18157,18160,18162,18165],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18143,9114],{"class":50},[44,18145,55],{"class":54},[44,18147,10441],{"class":58},[44,18149,14789],{"class":50},[44,18151,159],{"class":58},[44,18153,18154],{"class":58}," []",[44,18156,3833],{"class":3832},[44,18158,18159],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18161,3839],{"class":3832},[44,18163,18164],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18166,9258],{"class":58},[44,18168,18169],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18170,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,18172,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18174,9153],{"class":50},[44,18176,3856],{"class":58},[44,18178,273],{"class":272},[44,18180,394],{"class":276},[44,18182,273],{"class":272},[44,18184,13499],{"class":58},[44,18186,520],{"class":111},[44,18188,115],{"class":58},[44,18190,63],{"class":62},[44,18192,121],{"class":58},[44,18194,18195],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,18196,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,18198,18199,18201,18203,18205],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,18200,128],{"class":127},[44,18202,115],{"class":58},[44,18204,9153],{"class":111},[44,18206,121],{"class":58},[20,18208,2028],{},[35,18210,18212],{"className":37,"code":18211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18213,18214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18215,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18217,9227],{"class":58},[44,18219,3259],{"class":272},[44,18221,394],{"class":276},[44,18223,3259],{"class":272},[44,18225,159],{"class":58},[44,18227,59],{"class":58},[44,18229,63],{"class":62},[44,18231,18012],{"class":58},[44,18233,3254],{"class":272},[44,18235,4714],{"class":276},[44,18237,3259],{"class":272},[44,18239,159],{"class":58},[44,18241,18242],{"class":58}," [],",[44,18244,3254],{"class":272},[44,18246,9689],{"class":276},[44,18248,3259],{"class":272},[44,18250,159],{"class":58},[44,18252,18253],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,18255,18256],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18258,18259],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18261,1638,18263],{"id":18262},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18264,17167],{},[20,18266,18267,18269],{},[15,18268,17172],{}," is a good choice when:",[161,18271,18272,18275,18278],{},[164,18273,18274],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[164,18276,18277],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[164,18279,18280],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18282,2083],{},[35,18284,18286],{"className":37,"code":18285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18287,18288,18333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18289,18290,18293,18295,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18325,18327,18329,18331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18291,18292],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18294,55],{"class":54},[44,18296,9119],{"class":1458},[44,18298,108],{"class":58},[44,18300,17232],{"class":111},[44,18302,457],{"class":58},[44,18304,273],{"class":272},[44,18306,18307],{"class":276},"is_admin",[44,18309,273],{"class":272},[44,18311,66],{"class":58},[44,18313,284],{"class":272},[44,18315,15027],{"class":276},[44,18317,273],{"class":272},[44,18319,66],{"class":58},[44,18321,284],{"class":272},[44,18323,18324],{"class":276},"is_verified",[44,18326,273],{"class":272},[44,18328,18012],{"class":58},[44,18330,3863],{"class":1582},[44,18332,121],{"class":58},[44,18334,18335,18337,18339,18342],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18336,128],{"class":127},[44,18338,115],{"class":58},[44,18340,18341],{"class":111},"flags",[44,18343,121],{"class":58},[35,18345,18347],{"className":37,"code":18346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18348,18349,18394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18350,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18368,18370,18372,18374,18377,18379,18381,18383,18386,18388,18390,18392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18352,5017],{"class":50},[44,18354,55],{"class":54},[44,18356,9119],{"class":1458},[44,18358,108],{"class":58},[44,18360,17232],{"class":111},[44,18362,457],{"class":58},[44,18364,273],{"class":272},[44,18366,18367],{"class":276},"math",[44,18369,273],{"class":272},[44,18371,66],{"class":58},[44,18373,284],{"class":272},[44,18375,18376],{"class":276},"science",[44,18378,273],{"class":272},[44,18380,66],{"class":58},[44,18382,284],{"class":272},[44,18384,18385],{"class":276},"history",[44,18387,273],{"class":272},[44,18389,18012],{"class":58},[44,18391,3790],{"class":62},[44,18393,121],{"class":58},[44,18395,18396,18398,18400,18402],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18397,128],{"class":127},[44,18399,115],{"class":58},[44,18401,16338],{"class":111},[44,18403,121],{"class":58},[20,18405,18406,18407,18409],{},"It is ",[214,18408,4583],{}," the best choice when:",[161,18411,18412,18415],{},[164,18413,18414],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[164,18416,18417],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18419,18421,18423],{"id":18420},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18422,17167],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18425,18426,18428],{},[15,18427,17167],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[420,18430,582,18432],{"id":18431},"using-fromkeys",[15,18433,17167],{},[35,18435,18437],{"className":37,"code":18436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18438,18439,18484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18440,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18458,18460,18462,18464,18467,18469,18471,18473,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18442,13774],{"class":50},[44,18444,55],{"class":54},[44,18446,9119],{"class":1458},[44,18448,108],{"class":58},[44,18450,17232],{"class":111},[44,18452,457],{"class":58},[44,18454,273],{"class":272},[44,18456,18457],{"class":276},"sound",[44,18459,273],{"class":272},[44,18461,66],{"class":58},[44,18463,284],{"class":272},[44,18465,18466],{"class":276},"music",[44,18468,273],{"class":272},[44,18470,66],{"class":58},[44,18472,284],{"class":272},[44,18474,18475],{"class":276},"notifications",[44,18477,273],{"class":272},[44,18479,18012],{"class":58},[44,18481,3872],{"class":1582},[44,18483,121],{"class":58},[44,18485,18486,18488,18490,18492],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18487,128],{"class":127},[44,18489,115],{"class":58},[44,18491,13833],{"class":111},[44,18493,121],{"class":58},[420,18495,18497],{"id":18496},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18499,18501],{"className":37,"code":18500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18502,18503,18511,18525,18539,18551,18555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18504,18505,18507,18509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18506,13774],{"class":50},[44,18508,55],{"class":54},[44,18510,11443],{"class":58},[44,18512,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18514,11448],{"class":272},[44,18516,18457],{"class":276},[44,18518,273],{"class":272},[44,18520,159],{"class":58},[44,18522,3872],{"class":1582},[44,18524,11464],{"class":58},[44,18526,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18528,11448],{"class":272},[44,18530,18466],{"class":276},[44,18532,273],{"class":272},[44,18534,159],{"class":58},[44,18536,3863],{"class":1582},[44,18538,11464],{"class":58},[44,18540,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18542,11448],{"class":272},[44,18544,18475],{"class":276},[44,18546,273],{"class":272},[44,18548,159],{"class":58},[44,18550,6373],{"class":1582},[44,18552,18553],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,18554,9258],{"class":58},[44,18556,18557,18559,18561,18563],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,18558,128],{"class":127},[44,18560,115],{"class":58},[44,18562,13833],{"class":111},[44,18564,121],{"class":58},[20,18566,18567],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[420,18569,18571],{"id":18570},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18573,18575],{"className":37,"code":18574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18576,18577,18609,18633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18578,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18580,17191],{"class":50},[44,18582,55],{"class":54},[44,18584,59],{"class":58},[44,18586,273],{"class":272},[44,18588,394],{"class":276},[44,18590,273],{"class":272},[44,18592,66],{"class":58},[44,18594,284],{"class":272},[44,18596,4714],{"class":276},[44,18598,273],{"class":272},[44,18600,66],{"class":58},[44,18602,284],{"class":272},[44,18604,9689],{"class":276},[44,18606,273],{"class":272},[44,18608,72],{"class":58},[44,18610,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18612,9114],{"class":50},[44,18614,55],{"class":54},[44,18616,10441],{"class":58},[44,18618,14789],{"class":50},[44,18620,159],{"class":58},[44,18622,18154],{"class":58},[44,18624,3833],{"class":3832},[44,18626,18159],{"class":50},[44,18628,3839],{"class":3832},[44,18630,18164],{"class":50},[44,18632,9258],{"class":58},[44,18634,18635,18637,18639,18641],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18636,128],{"class":127},[44,18638,115],{"class":58},[44,18640,9153],{"class":111},[44,18642,121],{"class":58},[20,18644,552],{},[161,18646,18647,18652,18655],{},[164,18648,18649,18651],{},[15,18650,17167],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[164,18653,18654],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[164,18656,18657],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18659,18660,18661,108],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[394,18662,10687,18663,574],{"href":13981},[15,18664,14902],{},[30,18666,2788],{"id":2787},[20,18668,1086,18669,108],{},[15,18670,17172],{},[420,18672,18674],{"id":18673},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18676,18678],{"className":37,"code":18677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18679,18680,18713,18736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18681,18682,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18683,18684],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18686,55],{"class":54},[44,18688,9119],{"class":1458},[44,18690,108],{"class":58},[44,18692,17232],{"class":111},[44,18694,457],{"class":58},[44,18696,273],{"class":272},[44,18698,394],{"class":276},[44,18700,273],{"class":272},[44,18702,66],{"class":58},[44,18704,284],{"class":272},[44,18706,4714],{"class":276},[44,18708,273],{"class":272},[44,18710,18012],{"class":58},[44,18712,17946],{"class":58},[44,18714,18715,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18716,18717],{"class":50},"d",[44,18719,3856],{"class":58},[44,18721,273],{"class":272},[44,18723,394],{"class":276},[44,18725,273],{"class":272},[44,18727,13499],{"class":58},[44,18729,520],{"class":111},[44,18731,115],{"class":58},[44,18733,63],{"class":62},[44,18735,121],{"class":58},[44,18737,18738,18740,18742,18744],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18739,128],{"class":127},[44,18741,115],{"class":58},[44,18743,18717],{"class":111},[44,18745,121],{"class":58},[20,18747,2028],{},[35,18749,18751],{"className":37,"code":18750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18752,18753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18754,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18756,9227],{"class":58},[44,18758,3259],{"class":272},[44,18760,394],{"class":276},[44,18762,3259],{"class":272},[44,18764,159],{"class":58},[44,18766,59],{"class":58},[44,18768,63],{"class":62},[44,18770,18012],{"class":58},[44,18772,3254],{"class":272},[44,18774,4714],{"class":276},[44,18776,3259],{"class":272},[44,18778,159],{"class":58},[44,18780,59],{"class":58},[44,18782,63],{"class":62},[44,18784,13654],{"class":58},[20,18786,18787],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18789,18790],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18792,18794],{"className":37,"code":18793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18795,18796,18820,18844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18797,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18799,17191],{"class":50},[44,18801,55],{"class":54},[44,18803,59],{"class":58},[44,18805,273],{"class":272},[44,18807,394],{"class":276},[44,18809,273],{"class":272},[44,18811,66],{"class":58},[44,18813,284],{"class":272},[44,18815,4714],{"class":276},[44,18817,273],{"class":272},[44,18819,72],{"class":58},[44,18821,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18823,18684],{"class":50},[44,18825,55],{"class":54},[44,18827,10441],{"class":58},[44,18829,14789],{"class":50},[44,18831,159],{"class":58},[44,18833,18154],{"class":58},[44,18835,3833],{"class":3832},[44,18837,18159],{"class":50},[44,18839,3839],{"class":3832},[44,18841,18164],{"class":50},[44,18843,9258],{"class":58},[44,18845,18846,18848,18850,18852],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18847,128],{"class":127},[44,18849,115],{"class":58},[44,18851,18717],{"class":111},[44,18853,121],{"class":58},[420,18855,18857,18858,18860],{"id":18856},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18859,17167],{}," on a list",[20,18862,18863],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18865,18867],{"className":37,"code":18866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18868,18869,18901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18872,17191],{"class":50},[44,18874,55],{"class":54},[44,18876,59],{"class":58},[44,18878,273],{"class":272},[44,18880,394],{"class":276},[44,18882,273],{"class":272},[44,18884,66],{"class":58},[44,18886,284],{"class":272},[44,18888,4714],{"class":276},[44,18890,273],{"class":272},[44,18892,66],{"class":58},[44,18894,284],{"class":272},[44,18896,9689],{"class":276},[44,18898,273],{"class":272},[44,18900,72],{"class":58},[44,18902,18903],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18904,18905],{"class":140},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18907,18908,18910,18911,18913,18914,108],{},[15,18909,17167],{}," belongs to ",[15,18912,8769],{},", not ",[15,18915,226],{},[20,18917,18918],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18920,18922],{"className":37,"code":18921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18923,18924,18956,18978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18925,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18927,17191],{"class":50},[44,18929,55],{"class":54},[44,18931,59],{"class":58},[44,18933,273],{"class":272},[44,18935,394],{"class":276},[44,18937,273],{"class":272},[44,18939,66],{"class":58},[44,18941,284],{"class":272},[44,18943,4714],{"class":276},[44,18945,273],{"class":272},[44,18947,66],{"class":58},[44,18949,284],{"class":272},[44,18951,9689],{"class":276},[44,18953,273],{"class":272},[44,18955,72],{"class":58},[44,18957,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,18959,18684],{"class":50},[44,18961,55],{"class":54},[44,18963,9119],{"class":1458},[44,18965,108],{"class":58},[44,18967,17232],{"class":111},[44,18969,115],{"class":58},[44,18971,16873],{"class":111},[44,18973,66],{"class":58},[44,18975,3790],{"class":62},[44,18977,121],{"class":58},[44,18979,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,18981,128],{"class":127},[44,18983,115],{"class":58},[44,18985,18717],{"class":111},[44,18987,121],{"class":58},[420,18989,8399,18991,18993],{"id":18990},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18992,17167],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18995,18996,18998],{},[15,18997,17172],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,19000,19002],{"className":37,"code":19001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19003,19004,19024,19058,19062,19072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19005,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19007,12036],{"class":50},[44,19009,55],{"class":54},[44,19011,10441],{"class":58},[44,19013,273],{"class":272},[44,19015,2130],{"class":276},[44,19017,273],{"class":272},[44,19019,159],{"class":58},[44,19021,5450],{"class":62},[44,19023,9258],{"class":58},[44,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19027,12988],{"class":50},[44,19029,55],{"class":54},[44,19031,9119],{"class":1458},[44,19033,108],{"class":58},[44,19035,17232],{"class":111},[44,19037,457],{"class":58},[44,19039,273],{"class":272},[44,19041,394],{"class":276},[44,19043,273],{"class":272},[44,19045,66],{"class":58},[44,19047,284],{"class":272},[44,19049,4714],{"class":276},[44,19051,273],{"class":272},[44,19053,18012],{"class":58},[44,19055,3790],{"class":62},[44,19057,121],{"class":58},[44,19059,19060],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,19061,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19065,128],{"class":127},[44,19067,115],{"class":58},[44,19069,12083],{"class":111},[44,19071,121],{"class":58},[44,19073,19074,19076,19078,19081],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,19075,128],{"class":127},[44,19077,115],{"class":58},[44,19079,19080],{"class":111},"new_dict",[44,19082,121],{"class":58},[20,19084,2028],{},[35,19086,19088],{"className":37,"code":19087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19089,19090,19106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19091,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19093,9227],{"class":58},[44,19095,3259],{"class":272},[44,19097,2130],{"class":276},[44,19099,3259],{"class":272},[44,19101,159],{"class":58},[44,19103,5450],{"class":62},[44,19105,9258],{"class":58},[44,19107,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19109,9227],{"class":58},[44,19111,3259],{"class":272},[44,19113,394],{"class":276},[44,19115,3259],{"class":272},[44,19117,159],{"class":58},[44,19119,3790],{"class":62},[44,19121,66],{"class":58},[44,19123,3254],{"class":272},[44,19125,4714],{"class":276},[44,19127,3259],{"class":272},[44,19129,159],{"class":58},[44,19131,3790],{"class":62},[44,19133,9258],{"class":58},[20,19135,19136,19137,108],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[394,19138,10687,19139,574],{"href":13981},[15,19140,14902],{},[420,19142,19144,19145],{"id":19143},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19146,178],{},[35,19148,19150],{"className":37,"code":19149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19151,19152,19182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19153,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19155,18684],{"class":50},[44,19157,55],{"class":54},[44,19159,9119],{"class":1458},[44,19161,108],{"class":58},[44,19163,17232],{"class":111},[44,19165,457],{"class":58},[44,19167,273],{"class":272},[44,19169,2130],{"class":276},[44,19171,273],{"class":272},[44,19173,66],{"class":58},[44,19175,284],{"class":272},[44,19177,11695],{"class":276},[44,19179,273],{"class":272},[44,19181,466],{"class":58},[44,19183,19184,19186,19188,19190],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19185,128],{"class":127},[44,19187,115],{"class":58},[44,19189,18717],{"class":111},[44,19191,121],{"class":58},[20,19193,2028],{},[35,19195,19197],{"className":37,"code":19196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19198,19199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19200,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19202,9227],{"class":58},[44,19204,3259],{"class":272},[44,19206,2130],{"class":276},[44,19208,3259],{"class":272},[44,19210,159],{"class":58},[44,19212,3808],{"class":1582},[44,19214,66],{"class":58},[44,19216,3254],{"class":272},[44,19218,11695],{"class":276},[44,19220,3259],{"class":272},[44,19222,159],{"class":58},[44,19224,3808],{"class":1582},[44,19226,9258],{"class":58},[20,19228,19229,19230,108],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19231,178],{},[30,19233,19235],{"id":19234},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19237,19238,19239,19241],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19240,17167],{}," works.",[35,19243,19245],{"className":37,"code":19244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19246,19247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19248,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19250,128],{"class":127},[44,19252,115],{"class":58},[44,19254,8769],{"class":1458},[44,19256,108],{"class":58},[44,19258,17232],{"class":111},[44,19260,457],{"class":58},[44,19262,273],{"class":272},[44,19264,394],{"class":276},[44,19266,273],{"class":272},[44,19268,66],{"class":58},[44,19270,284],{"class":272},[44,19272,4714],{"class":276},[44,19274,273],{"class":272},[44,19276,18012],{"class":58},[44,19278,3790],{"class":62},[44,19280,637],{"class":58},[35,19282,19283],{"className":37,"code":19149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19284,19285,19315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19286,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19288,18684],{"class":50},[44,19290,55],{"class":54},[44,19292,9119],{"class":1458},[44,19294,108],{"class":58},[44,19296,17232],{"class":111},[44,19298,457],{"class":58},[44,19300,273],{"class":272},[44,19302,2130],{"class":276},[44,19304,273],{"class":272},[44,19306,66],{"class":58},[44,19308,284],{"class":272},[44,19310,11695],{"class":276},[44,19312,273],{"class":272},[44,19314,466],{"class":58},[44,19316,19317,19319,19321,19323],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19318,128],{"class":127},[44,19320,115],{"class":58},[44,19322,18717],{"class":111},[44,19324,121],{"class":58},[35,19326,19327],{"className":37,"code":18677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19328,19329,19361,19383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19330,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19332,18684],{"class":50},[44,19334,55],{"class":54},[44,19336,9119],{"class":1458},[44,19338,108],{"class":58},[44,19340,17232],{"class":111},[44,19342,457],{"class":58},[44,19344,273],{"class":272},[44,19346,394],{"class":276},[44,19348,273],{"class":272},[44,19350,66],{"class":58},[44,19352,284],{"class":272},[44,19354,4714],{"class":276},[44,19356,273],{"class":272},[44,19358,18012],{"class":58},[44,19360,17946],{"class":58},[44,19362,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19364,18717],{"class":50},[44,19366,3856],{"class":58},[44,19368,273],{"class":272},[44,19370,394],{"class":276},[44,19372,273],{"class":272},[44,19374,13499],{"class":58},[44,19376,520],{"class":111},[44,19378,115],{"class":58},[44,19380,63],{"class":62},[44,19382,121],{"class":58},[44,19384,19385,19387,19389,19391],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,19386,128],{"class":127},[44,19388,115],{"class":58},[44,19390,18717],{"class":111},[44,19392,121],{"class":58},[35,19394,19396],{"className":37,"code":19395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19397,19398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19399,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19401,128],{"class":127},[44,19403,115],{"class":58},[44,19405,1459],{"class":1458},[44,19407,115],{"class":58},[44,19409,8769],{"class":1458},[44,19411,108],{"class":58},[44,19413,17232],{"class":111},[44,19415,457],{"class":58},[44,19417,63],{"class":62},[44,19419,66],{"class":58},[44,19421,69],{"class":62},[44,19423,66],{"class":58},[44,19425,2408],{"class":62},[44,19427,18012],{"class":58},[44,19429,284],{"class":272},[44,19431,2429],{"class":276},[44,19433,273],{"class":272},[44,19435,2871],{"class":58},[30,19437,1757],{"id":1756},[420,19439,1761,19441,19443],{"id":19440},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19442,17167],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19445,19446],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[420,19448,19450],{"id":19449},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19452,19453,19454,108],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19455,178],{},[420,19457,19459],{"id":19458},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19461,19462],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[420,19464,19466],{"id":19465},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19468,18102],{},[35,19470,19472],{"className":37,"code":19471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19473,19474,19506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19475,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19477,17191],{"class":50},[44,19479,55],{"class":54},[44,19481,59],{"class":58},[44,19483,273],{"class":272},[44,19485,394],{"class":276},[44,19487,273],{"class":272},[44,19489,66],{"class":58},[44,19491,284],{"class":272},[44,19493,4714],{"class":276},[44,19495,273],{"class":272},[44,19497,66],{"class":58},[44,19499,284],{"class":272},[44,19501,9689],{"class":276},[44,19503,273],{"class":272},[44,19505,72],{"class":58},[44,19507,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19509,9114],{"class":50},[44,19511,55],{"class":54},[44,19513,10441],{"class":58},[44,19515,14789],{"class":50},[44,19517,159],{"class":58},[44,19519,18154],{"class":58},[44,19521,3833],{"class":3832},[44,19523,18159],{"class":50},[44,19525,3839],{"class":3832},[44,19527,18164],{"class":50},[44,19529,9258],{"class":58},[30,19531,1821],{"id":1820},[161,19533,19534,19538,19542,19546,19552],{},[164,19535,19536],{},[394,19537,11193],{"href":12976},[164,19539,19540],{},[394,19541,9104],{"href":12973},[164,19543,19544],{},[394,19545,11202],{"href":17853},[164,19547,19548],{},[394,19549,10687,19550,574],{"href":13981},[15,19551,14902],{},[164,19553,19554],{},[394,19555,10687,19556,574],{"href":14947},[15,19557,1861],{},[20,19559,144,19560,19562],{},[15,19561,17172],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1872,19564,19565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":19567},[19568,19569,19571,19575,19576,19578,19583,19585,19592,19601,19602,19609],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":17272,"depth":75,"text":19570},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17316,"depth":75,"text":17317,"children":19572},[19573,19574],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":17367,"depth":95,"text":17368},{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":17528,"depth":75,"text":19577},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17857,"depth":75,"text":17858,"children":19579},[19580,19581,19582],{"id":17887,"depth":95,"text":17888},{"id":18050,"depth":95,"text":18051},{"id":18098,"depth":95,"text":18099},{"id":18262,"depth":75,"text":19584},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18420,"depth":75,"text":19586,"children":19587},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19588,19590,19591],{"id":18431,"depth":95,"text":19589},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18496,"depth":95,"text":18497},{"id":18570,"depth":95,"text":18571},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":19593},[19594,19595,19597,19599],{"id":18673,"depth":95,"text":18674},{"id":18856,"depth":95,"text":19596},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18990,"depth":95,"text":19598},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19143,"depth":95,"text":19600},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19234,"depth":75,"text":19235},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":19603},[19604,19606,19607,19608],{"id":19440,"depth":95,"text":19605},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19449,"depth":95,"text":19450},{"id":19458,"depth":95,"text":19459},{"id":19465,"depth":95,"text":19466},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17159,"description":19610},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19617,"title":19618,"body":19619,"description":21449,"extension":1921,"meta":21450,"navigation":98,"path":21451,"seo":21452,"stem":21453,"__hash__":21454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19620,"toc":21416},[19621,19626,19632,19643,19773,19780,19785,19789,19805,19807,19905,19908,19925,19929,19931,19936,19974,19977,19995,19997,20115,20120,20124,20140,20143,20279,20282,20287,20293,20296,20333,20336,20340,20345,20421,20425,20430,20512,20514,20530,20535,20539,20545,20614,20617,20634,20637,20719,20725,20728,20748,20752,20757,20763,20769,20840,20843,20849,20852,20926,20933,20939,20947,20957,20959,21054,21060,21065,21152,21158,21160,21165,21187,21190,21285,21288,21319,21332,21334,21342,21348,21354,21357,21363,21368,21375,21380,21382,21413],[10,19622,11269,19624,18],{"id":19623},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19625,10690],{},[20,19627,19628,19629,19631],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19630,10690],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19633,19634,19635,798,19638,877,19640,19642],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19636,19637],{},"KeyError",[15,19639,10690],{},[15,19641,178],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19644,19646],{"className":37,"code":19645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19647,19648,19684,19688,19714,19739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19649,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19651,13155],{"class":50},[44,19653,55],{"class":54},[44,19655,10441],{"class":58},[44,19657,273],{"class":272},[44,19659,7616],{"class":276},[44,19661,273],{"class":272},[44,19663,159],{"class":58},[44,19665,284],{"class":272},[44,19667,12830],{"class":276},[44,19669,273],{"class":272},[44,19671,66],{"class":58},[44,19673,284],{"class":272},[44,19675,9248],{"class":276},[44,19677,273],{"class":272},[44,19679,159],{"class":58},[44,19681,9255],{"class":62},[44,19683,9258],{"class":58},[44,19685,19686],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19687,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,19689,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,19691,128],{"class":127},[44,19693,115],{"class":58},[44,19695,17256],{"class":111},[44,19697,108],{"class":58},[44,19699,19700],{"class":111},"get",[44,19702,115],{"class":58},[44,19704,273],{"class":272},[44,19706,7616],{"class":276},[44,19708,273],{"class":272},[44,19710,5315],{"class":58},[44,19712,19713],{"class":140},"           # Ana\n",[44,19715,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19717,128],{"class":127},[44,19719,115],{"class":58},[44,19721,17256],{"class":111},[44,19723,108],{"class":58},[44,19725,19700],{"class":111},[44,19727,115],{"class":58},[44,19729,273],{"class":272},[44,19731,10359],{"class":276},[44,19733,273],{"class":272},[44,19735,5315],{"class":58},[44,19737,19738],{"class":140},"           # None\n",[44,19740,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19766,19768,19770],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,19742,128],{"class":127},[44,19744,115],{"class":58},[44,19746,17256],{"class":111},[44,19748,108],{"class":58},[44,19750,19700],{"class":111},[44,19752,115],{"class":58},[44,19754,273],{"class":272},[44,19756,10359],{"class":276},[44,19758,273],{"class":272},[44,19760,66],{"class":58},[44,19762,284],{"class":272},[44,19764,19765],{"class":276},"N\u002FA",[44,19767,273],{"class":272},[44,19769,5315],{"class":58},[44,19771,19772],{"class":140},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19774,144,19775,19777,19778,108],{},[15,19776,10690],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19779,19637],{},[30,19781,151,19783,154],{"id":19782},"what-get-does",[15,19784,10690],{},[20,19786,1938,19787,11363],{},[15,19788,10690],{},[161,19790,19791,19794,19799,19802],{},[164,19792,19793],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[164,19795,175,19796,19798],{},[15,19797,178],{}," if the key does not exist",[164,19800,19801],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[164,19803,19804],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19806,2164],{},[35,19808,19810],{"className":37,"code":19809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19811,19812,19851,19855,19880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19813,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19833,19835,19837,19839,19842,19844,19846,19849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19815,12813],{"class":50},[44,19817,55],{"class":54},[44,19819,10441],{"class":58},[44,19821,273],{"class":272},[44,19823,7616],{"class":276},[44,19825,273],{"class":272},[44,19827,159],{"class":58},[44,19829,284],{"class":272},[44,19831,19832],{"class":276},"Lina",[44,19834,273],{"class":272},[44,19836,66],{"class":58},[44,19838,284],{"class":272},[44,19840,19841],{"class":276},"grade",[44,19843,273],{"class":272},[44,19845,159],{"class":58},[44,19847,19848],{"class":62}," 90",[44,19850,9258],{"class":58},[44,19852,19853],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19854,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,19856,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,19858,128],{"class":127},[44,19860,115],{"class":58},[44,19862,13574],{"class":111},[44,19864,108],{"class":58},[44,19866,19700],{"class":111},[44,19868,115],{"class":58},[44,19870,273],{"class":272},[44,19872,7616],{"class":276},[44,19874,273],{"class":272},[44,19876,5315],{"class":58},[44,19878,19879],{"class":140},"     # Lina\n",[44,19881,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19883,128],{"class":127},[44,19885,115],{"class":58},[44,19887,13574],{"class":111},[44,19889,108],{"class":58},[44,19891,19700],{"class":111},[44,19893,115],{"class":58},[44,19895,273],{"class":272},[44,19897,15207],{"class":276},[44,19899,273],{"class":272},[44,19901,5315],{"class":58},[44,19903,19904],{"class":140},"    # None\n",[20,19906,19907],{},"In this example:",[161,19909,19910,19915],{},[164,19911,19912,19914],{},[15,19913,15188],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[164,19916,19917,19920,19921,877,19923],{},[15,19918,19919],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19922,10690],{},[15,19924,178],{},[20,19926,12970,19927,108],{},[394,19928,9104],{"href":9103},[30,19930,188],{"id":187},[20,19932,19933,19934,159],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19935,10690],{},[35,19937,19939],{"className":37,"code":19938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19940,19941,19955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19942,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19944,15553],{"class":50},[44,19946,108],{"class":58},[44,19948,19700],{"class":111},[44,19950,115],{"class":58},[44,19952,14789],{"class":111},[44,19954,121],{"class":58},[44,19956,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19972],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,19958,15553],{"class":50},[44,19960,108],{"class":58},[44,19962,19700],{"class":111},[44,19964,115],{"class":58},[44,19966,14789],{"class":111},[44,19968,66],{"class":58},[44,19970,19971],{"class":111}," default_value",[44,19973,121],{"class":58},[20,19975,19976],{},"What each part means:",[161,19978,19979,19984,19990],{},[164,19980,19981,19983],{},[15,19982,14789],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[164,19985,19986,19989],{},[15,19987,19988],{},"default_value"," is optional",[164,19991,19992,19993],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19994,178],{},[20,19996,2164],{},[35,19998,20000],{"className":37,"code":19999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20001,20002,20026,20030,20055,20081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20003,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20005,13774],{"class":50},[44,20007,55],{"class":54},[44,20009,10441],{"class":58},[44,20011,273],{"class":272},[44,20013,12445],{"class":276},[44,20015,273],{"class":272},[44,20017,159],{"class":58},[44,20019,284],{"class":272},[44,20021,12454],{"class":276},[44,20023,273],{"class":272},[44,20025,9258],{"class":58},[44,20027,20028],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20029,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20031,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20033,128],{"class":127},[44,20035,115],{"class":58},[44,20037,13833],{"class":111},[44,20039,108],{"class":58},[44,20041,19700],{"class":111},[44,20043,115],{"class":58},[44,20045,273],{"class":272},[44,20047,12445],{"class":276},[44,20049,273],{"class":272},[44,20051,5315],{"class":58},[44,20053,20054],{"class":140},"            # dark\n",[44,20056,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20074,20076,20078],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20058,128],{"class":127},[44,20060,115],{"class":58},[44,20062,13833],{"class":111},[44,20064,108],{"class":58},[44,20066,19700],{"class":111},[44,20068,115],{"class":58},[44,20070,273],{"class":272},[44,20072,20073],{"class":276},"language",[44,20075,273],{"class":272},[44,20077,5315],{"class":58},[44,20079,20080],{"class":140},"         # None\n",[44,20082,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20108,20110,20112],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,20084,128],{"class":127},[44,20086,115],{"class":58},[44,20088,13833],{"class":111},[44,20090,108],{"class":58},[44,20092,19700],{"class":111},[44,20094,115],{"class":58},[44,20096,273],{"class":272},[44,20098,20073],{"class":276},[44,20100,273],{"class":272},[44,20102,66],{"class":58},[44,20104,284],{"class":272},[44,20106,20107],{"class":276},"en",[44,20109,273],{"class":272},[44,20111,5315],{"class":58},[44,20113,20114],{"class":140},"   # en\n",[30,20116,1638,20118],{"id":20117},"when-to-use-get",[15,20119,10690],{},[20,20121,144,20122,10551],{},[15,20123,10690],{},[161,20125,20126,20129,20134,20137],{},[164,20127,20128],{},"A key might not exist",[164,20130,20131,20132],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20133,19637],{},[164,20135,20136],{},"You are reading optional data",[164,20138,20139],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20141,20142],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20144,20146],{"className":37,"code":20145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20147,20148,20190,20194,20219,20245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20149,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20186,20188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20151,11438],{"class":50},[44,20153,55],{"class":54},[44,20155,10441],{"class":58},[44,20157,273],{"class":272},[44,20159,7933],{"class":276},[44,20161,273],{"class":272},[44,20163,159],{"class":58},[44,20165,284],{"class":272},[44,20167,20168],{"class":276},"sam",[44,20170,273],{"class":272},[44,20172,66],{"class":58},[44,20174,284],{"class":272},[44,20176,15207],{"class":276},[44,20178,273],{"class":272},[44,20180,159],{"class":58},[44,20182,284],{"class":272},[44,20184,20185],{"class":276},"sam@example.com",[44,20187,273],{"class":272},[44,20189,9258],{"class":58},[44,20191,20192],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20193,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20195,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20197,128],{"class":127},[44,20199,115],{"class":58},[44,20201,11532],{"class":111},[44,20203,108],{"class":58},[44,20205,19700],{"class":111},[44,20207,115],{"class":58},[44,20209,273],{"class":272},[44,20211,7933],{"class":276},[44,20213,273],{"class":272},[44,20215,5315],{"class":58},[44,20217,20218],{"class":140},"              # sam\n",[44,20220,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20238,20240,20242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20222,128],{"class":127},[44,20224,115],{"class":58},[44,20226,11532],{"class":111},[44,20228,108],{"class":58},[44,20230,19700],{"class":111},[44,20232,115],{"class":58},[44,20234,273],{"class":272},[44,20236,20237],{"class":276},"phone",[44,20239,273],{"class":272},[44,20241,5315],{"class":58},[44,20243,20244],{"class":140},"                 # None\n",[44,20246,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20272,20274,20276],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,20248,128],{"class":127},[44,20250,115],{"class":58},[44,20252,11532],{"class":111},[44,20254,108],{"class":58},[44,20256,19700],{"class":111},[44,20258,115],{"class":58},[44,20260,273],{"class":272},[44,20262,20237],{"class":276},[44,20264,273],{"class":272},[44,20266,66],{"class":58},[44,20268,284],{"class":272},[44,20270,20271],{"class":276},"Not provided",[44,20273,273],{"class":272},[44,20275,5315],{"class":58},[44,20277,20278],{"class":140}," # Not provided\n",[20,20280,20281],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20283,20284,20285,108],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[394,20286,16547],{"href":16546},[30,20288,20290,20292],{"id":20289},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20291,10690],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20294,20295],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20297,20299],{"className":37,"code":20298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20300,20301,20315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20302,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20304,9153],{"class":50},[44,20306,3856],{"class":58},[44,20308,273],{"class":272},[44,20310,14789],{"class":276},[44,20312,273],{"class":272},[44,20314,72],{"class":58},[44,20316,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20318,9153],{"class":50},[44,20320,108],{"class":58},[44,20322,19700],{"class":111},[44,20324,115],{"class":58},[44,20326,273],{"class":272},[44,20328,14789],{"class":276},[44,20330,273],{"class":272},[44,20332,121],{"class":58},[20,20334,20335],{},"The difference is important.",[420,20337,20339],{"id":20338},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20341,20342,20343,108],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20344,19637],{},[35,20346,20348],{"className":37,"code":20347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20349,20350,20374,20378,20400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20351,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20353,9114],{"class":50},[44,20355,55],{"class":54},[44,20357,10441],{"class":58},[44,20359,273],{"class":272},[44,20361,7616],{"class":276},[44,20363,273],{"class":272},[44,20365,159],{"class":58},[44,20367,284],{"class":272},[44,20369,12830],{"class":276},[44,20371,273],{"class":272},[44,20373,9258],{"class":58},[44,20375,20376],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20377,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20379,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20397],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20381,128],{"class":127},[44,20383,115],{"class":58},[44,20385,9153],{"class":111},[44,20387,3856],{"class":58},[44,20389,273],{"class":272},[44,20391,7616],{"class":276},[44,20393,273],{"class":272},[44,20395,20396],{"class":58},"])",[44,20398,20399],{"class":140},"   # Ana\n",[44,20401,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20403,128],{"class":127},[44,20405,115],{"class":58},[44,20407,9153],{"class":111},[44,20409,3856],{"class":58},[44,20411,273],{"class":272},[44,20413,10359],{"class":276},[44,20415,273],{"class":272},[44,20417,20396],{"class":58},[44,20419,20420],{"class":140},"   # KeyError\n",[420,20422,20423],{"id":19700},[15,20424,10690],{},[20,20426,20427,20429],{},[15,20428,10690],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20431,20433],{"className":37,"code":20432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20434,20435,20459,20463,20487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20436,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20438,9114],{"class":50},[44,20440,55],{"class":54},[44,20442,10441],{"class":58},[44,20444,273],{"class":272},[44,20446,7616],{"class":276},[44,20448,273],{"class":272},[44,20450,159],{"class":58},[44,20452,284],{"class":272},[44,20454,12830],{"class":276},[44,20456,273],{"class":272},[44,20458,9258],{"class":58},[44,20460,20461],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20462,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20464,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20466,128],{"class":127},[44,20468,115],{"class":58},[44,20470,9153],{"class":111},[44,20472,108],{"class":58},[44,20474,19700],{"class":111},[44,20476,115],{"class":58},[44,20478,273],{"class":272},[44,20480,7616],{"class":276},[44,20482,273],{"class":272},[44,20484,5315],{"class":58},[44,20486,20399],{"class":140},[44,20488,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20490,128],{"class":127},[44,20492,115],{"class":58},[44,20494,9153],{"class":111},[44,20496,108],{"class":58},[44,20498,19700],{"class":111},[44,20500,115],{"class":58},[44,20502,273],{"class":272},[44,20504,10359],{"class":276},[44,20506,273],{"class":272},[44,20508,5315],{"class":58},[44,20510,20511],{"class":140},"   # None\n",[20,20513,552],{},[161,20515,20516,20522],{},[164,20517,20518,20519],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[214,20520,20521],{},"must exist",[164,20523,20524,20526,20527],{},[15,20525,10690],{}," when the key is ",[214,20528,20529],{},"optional",[20,20531,20532,20533,108],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[394,20534,11213],{"href":11024},[30,20536,20538],{"id":20537},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20540,20541,20542,20544],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20543,10690],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20546,20548],{"className":37,"code":20547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20549,20550,20575,20579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20551,20552,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20553,20554],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20556,55],{"class":54},[44,20558,10441],{"class":58},[44,20560,273],{"class":272},[44,20562,7616],{"class":276},[44,20564,273],{"class":272},[44,20566,159],{"class":58},[44,20568,284],{"class":272},[44,20570,7869],{"class":276},[44,20572,273],{"class":272},[44,20574,9258],{"class":58},[44,20576,20577],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20578,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20580,20581,20583,20585,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600,20602,20604,20607,20609,20611],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20582,128],{"class":127},[44,20584,115],{"class":58},[44,20586,20587],{"class":111},"profile",[44,20589,108],{"class":58},[44,20591,19700],{"class":111},[44,20593,115],{"class":58},[44,20595,273],{"class":272},[44,20597,15210],{"class":276},[44,20599,273],{"class":272},[44,20601,66],{"class":58},[44,20603,284],{"class":272},[44,20605,20606],{"class":276},"Unknown",[44,20608,273],{"class":272},[44,20610,5315],{"class":58},[44,20612,20613],{"class":140},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20615,20616],{},"This is useful for display text:",[161,20618,20619,20624,20629],{},[164,20620,20621],{},[15,20622,20623],{},"\"Unknown\"",[164,20625,20626],{},[15,20627,20628],{},"\"Not set\"",[164,20630,20631],{},[15,20632,20633],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20635,20636],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20638,20640],{"className":37,"code":20639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20641,20642,20674,20678,20705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20643,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20645,5017],{"class":50},[44,20647,55],{"class":54},[44,20649,10441],{"class":58},[44,20651,273],{"class":272},[44,20653,18367],{"class":276},[44,20655,273],{"class":272},[44,20657,159],{"class":58},[44,20659,5956],{"class":62},[44,20661,66],{"class":58},[44,20663,284],{"class":272},[44,20665,18376],{"class":276},[44,20667,273],{"class":272},[44,20669,159],{"class":58},[44,20671,6310],{"class":62},[44,20673,9258],{"class":58},[44,20675,20676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20677,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20679,20680,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20681,20682],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20684,55],{"class":54},[44,20686,5064],{"class":50},[44,20688,108],{"class":58},[44,20690,19700],{"class":111},[44,20692,115],{"class":58},[44,20694,273],{"class":272},[44,20696,18385],{"class":276},[44,20698,273],{"class":272},[44,20700,66],{"class":58},[44,20702,3790],{"class":62},[44,20704,121],{"class":58},[44,20706,20707,20709,20711,20714,20716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20708,128],{"class":127},[44,20710,115],{"class":58},[44,20712,20713],{"class":111},"total_history",[44,20715,1476],{"class":58},[44,20717,20718],{"class":140},"   # 0\n",[20,20720,20721,20722,20724],{},"Here, ",[15,20723,746],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20726,20727],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[161,20729,20730,20733,20738,20743],{},[164,20731,20732],{},"Use a string for text",[164,20734,144,20735,20737],{},[15,20736,746],{}," for numbers",[164,20739,144,20740,20742],{},[15,20741,3744],{}," for lists if needed",[164,20744,144,20745,20747],{},[15,20746,3749],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20749,20751],{"id":20750},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20753,20754,20755,108],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20756,10690],{},[420,20758,20760,20762],{"id":20759},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20761,10690],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20764,20765,20766,20768],{},"This code does ",[214,20767,4583],{}," create a new key:",[35,20770,20772],{"className":37,"code":20771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20773,20774,20798,20802,20827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20775,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20777,13155],{"class":50},[44,20779,55],{"class":54},[44,20781,10441],{"class":58},[44,20783,273],{"class":272},[44,20785,7616],{"class":276},[44,20787,273],{"class":272},[44,20789,159],{"class":58},[44,20791,284],{"class":272},[44,20793,12830],{"class":276},[44,20795,273],{"class":272},[44,20797,9258],{"class":58},[44,20799,20800],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20801,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20803,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20805,128],{"class":127},[44,20807,115],{"class":58},[44,20809,17256],{"class":111},[44,20811,108],{"class":58},[44,20813,19700],{"class":111},[44,20815,115],{"class":58},[44,20817,273],{"class":272},[44,20819,10359],{"class":276},[44,20821,273],{"class":272},[44,20823,5315],{"class":58},[44,20825,20826],{"class":140},"  # None\n",[44,20828,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20830,128],{"class":127},[44,20832,115],{"class":58},[44,20834,17256],{"class":111},[44,20836,1476],{"class":58},[44,20838,20839],{"class":140},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20841,20842],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[420,20844,20846,20848],{"id":20845},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20847,10690],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20850,20851],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20853,20855],{"className":37,"code":20854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20856,20857,20883,20887,20913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20858,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20870,20872,20874,20876,20879,20881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20860,13774],{"class":50},[44,20862,55],{"class":54},[44,20864,10441],{"class":58},[44,20866,273],{"class":272},[44,20868,20869],{"class":276},"mode",[44,20871,273],{"class":272},[44,20873,159],{"class":58},[44,20875,284],{"class":272},[44,20877,20878],{"class":276},"light",[44,20880,273],{"class":272},[44,20882,9258],{"class":58},[44,20884,20885],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,20886,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,20888,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,20890,13833],{"class":50},[44,20892,108],{"class":58},[44,20894,19700],{"class":111},[44,20896,115],{"class":58},[44,20898,273],{"class":272},[44,20900,12445],{"class":276},[44,20902,273],{"class":272},[44,20904,66],{"class":58},[44,20906,284],{"class":272},[44,20908,12454],{"class":276},[44,20910,273],{"class":272},[44,20912,121],{"class":58},[44,20914,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20916,128],{"class":127},[44,20918,115],{"class":58},[44,20920,13833],{"class":111},[44,20922,1476],{"class":58},[44,20924,20925],{"class":140},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20927,20928,20929,20932],{},"Even though ",[15,20930,20931],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[420,20934,20936,20937],{"id":20935},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20938,178],{},[20,20940,20941,20942,877,20944,20946],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20943,10690],{},[15,20945,178],{}," because:",[161,20948,20949,20952],{},[164,20950,20951],{},"The key is missing, or",[164,20953,20954,20955],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20956,178],{},[20,20958,2164],{},[35,20960,20962],{"className":37,"code":20961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20963,20964,21001,21005,21029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20965,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986,20988,20990,20993,20995,20997,20999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20967,9114],{"class":50},[44,20969,55],{"class":54},[44,20971,10441],{"class":58},[44,20973,273],{"class":272},[44,20975,7616],{"class":276},[44,20977,273],{"class":272},[44,20979,159],{"class":58},[44,20981,284],{"class":272},[44,20983,12830],{"class":276},[44,20985,273],{"class":272},[44,20987,66],{"class":58},[44,20989,284],{"class":272},[44,20991,20992],{"class":276},"nickname",[44,20994,273],{"class":272},[44,20996,159],{"class":58},[44,20998,3808],{"class":1582},[44,21000,9258],{"class":58},[44,21002,21003],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21004,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21006,21007,21009,21011,21013,21015,21017,21019,21021,21023,21025,21027],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21008,128],{"class":127},[44,21010,115],{"class":58},[44,21012,9153],{"class":111},[44,21014,108],{"class":58},[44,21016,19700],{"class":111},[44,21018,115],{"class":58},[44,21020,273],{"class":272},[44,21022,20992],{"class":276},[44,21024,273],{"class":272},[44,21026,5315],{"class":58},[44,21028,20826],{"class":140},[44,21030,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21032,128],{"class":127},[44,21034,115],{"class":58},[44,21036,9153],{"class":111},[44,21038,108],{"class":58},[44,21040,19700],{"class":111},[44,21042,115],{"class":58},[44,21044,273],{"class":272},[44,21046,10359],{"class":276},[44,21048,273],{"class":272},[44,21050,5315],{"class":58},[44,21052,21053],{"class":140},"      # None\n",[20,21055,21056,21057,21059],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21058,178],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21061,21062,21063,159],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21064,3839],{},[35,21066,21068],{"className":37,"code":21067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21069,21070,21106,21110,21131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21071,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21073,9114],{"class":50},[44,21075,55],{"class":54},[44,21077,10441],{"class":58},[44,21079,273],{"class":272},[44,21081,7616],{"class":276},[44,21083,273],{"class":272},[44,21085,159],{"class":58},[44,21087,284],{"class":272},[44,21089,12830],{"class":276},[44,21091,273],{"class":272},[44,21093,66],{"class":58},[44,21095,284],{"class":272},[44,21097,20992],{"class":276},[44,21099,273],{"class":272},[44,21101,159],{"class":58},[44,21103,3808],{"class":1582},[44,21105,9258],{"class":58},[44,21107,21108],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21109,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21111,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21125,21127,21129],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21113,128],{"class":127},[44,21115,115],{"class":58},[44,21117,273],{"class":272},[44,21119,20992],{"class":276},[44,21121,273],{"class":272},[44,21123,21124],{"class":3832}," in",[44,21126,14515],{"class":111},[44,21128,1476],{"class":58},[44,21130,3623],{"class":140},[44,21132,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21134,128],{"class":127},[44,21136,115],{"class":58},[44,21138,273],{"class":272},[44,21140,10359],{"class":276},[44,21142,273],{"class":272},[44,21144,21124],{"class":3832},[44,21146,14515],{"class":111},[44,21148,1476],{"class":58},[44,21150,21151],{"class":140},"      # False\n",[20,21153,21154,21155,108],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[394,21156,21157],{"href":17102},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21159,2788],{"id":2787},[20,21161,21162,21163,159],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21164,10690],{},[161,21166,21167,21172,21179,21184],{},[164,21168,21169,21170],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21171,19637],{},[164,21173,4657,21174,877,21176,21178],{},[15,21175,10690],{},[15,21177,178],{}," if no default is provided",[164,21180,4531,21181,21183],{},[15,21182,10690],{}," creates a key automatically",[164,21185,21186],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21188,21189],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21191,21193],{"className":37,"code":21192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21194,21195,21205,21219,21237,21259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21196,21197,21199,21201,21203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21198,128],{"class":127},[44,21200,115],{"class":58},[44,21202,11399],{"class":111},[44,21204,121],{"class":58},[44,21206,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21208,128],{"class":127},[44,21210,115],{"class":58},[44,21212,11399],{"class":111},[44,21214,108],{"class":58},[44,21216,16873],{"class":111},[44,21218,7141],{"class":58},[44,21220,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21222,128],{"class":127},[44,21224,115],{"class":58},[44,21226,3259],{"class":272},[44,21228,7616],{"class":276},[44,21230,3259],{"class":272},[44,21232,21124],{"class":3832},[44,21234,11716],{"class":111},[44,21236,121],{"class":58},[44,21238,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255,21257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21240,128],{"class":127},[44,21242,115],{"class":58},[44,21244,11399],{"class":111},[44,21246,108],{"class":58},[44,21248,19700],{"class":111},[44,21250,115],{"class":58},[44,21252,3259],{"class":272},[44,21254,7616],{"class":276},[44,21256,3259],{"class":272},[44,21258,637],{"class":58},[44,21260,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,21262,128],{"class":127},[44,21264,115],{"class":58},[44,21266,1459],{"class":1458},[44,21268,115],{"class":58},[44,21270,11399],{"class":111},[44,21272,108],{"class":58},[44,21274,19700],{"class":111},[44,21276,115],{"class":58},[44,21278,3259],{"class":272},[44,21280,7616],{"class":276},[44,21282,3259],{"class":272},[44,21284,2871],{"class":58},[20,21286,21287],{},"What these checks tell you:",[161,21289,21290,21295,21301,21307,21313],{},[164,21291,21292,21294],{},[15,21293,12630],{}," shows the full dictionary",[164,21296,21297,21300],{},[15,21298,21299],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[164,21302,21303,21306],{},[15,21304,21305],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[164,21308,21309,21312],{},[15,21310,21311],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[164,21314,21315,21318],{},[15,21316,21317],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21320,21321,21322,398,21327,21331],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[394,21323,21324,21325,574],{"href":17012},"the dictionary ",[15,21326,17015],{},[394,21328,21324,21329,574],{"href":17024},[15,21330,17027],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21333,1757],{"id":1756},[420,21335,1761,21337,21339,21340,1778],{"id":21336},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21338,10690],{}," raise ",[15,21341,19637],{},[20,21343,21344,21345,21347],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21346,178],{}," or the default value you provide.",[420,21349,1761,21351,21353],{"id":21350},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21352,10690],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21355,21356],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[420,21358,21360,21361,1778],{"id":21359},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21362,10690],{},[20,21364,21365,21367],{},[15,21366,178],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[420,21369,21371,21372,21374],{"id":21370},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21373,10690],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21376,144,21377,21379],{},[15,21378,10690],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21381,1821],{"id":1820},[161,21383,21384,21388,21394,21400,21404,21409],{},[164,21385,21386],{},[394,21387,9104],{"href":9103},[164,21389,21390],{},[394,21391,10687,21392,574],{"href":17012},[15,21393,17015],{},[164,21395,21396],{},[394,21397,10687,21398,574],{"href":17024},[15,21399,17027],{},[164,21401,21402],{},[394,21403,17103],{"href":17102},[164,21405,21406],{},[394,21407,21408],{"href":16546},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[164,21410,21411],{},[394,21412,11213],{"href":11024},[1872,21414,21415],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":21417},[21418,21420,21421,21423,21428,21429,21437,21438,21448],{"id":19782,"depth":75,"text":21419},"What get() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":20117,"depth":75,"text":21422},"When to use get()",{"id":20289,"depth":75,"text":21424,"children":21425},"get() vs square brackets",[21426,21427],{"id":20338,"depth":95,"text":20339},{"id":19700,"depth":95,"text":10690},{"id":20537,"depth":75,"text":20538},{"id":20750,"depth":75,"text":20751,"children":21430},[21431,21433,21435],{"id":20759,"depth":95,"text":21432},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20845,"depth":95,"text":21434},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20935,"depth":95,"text":21436},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":21439},[21440,21442,21444,21446],{"id":21336,"depth":95,"text":21441},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21350,"depth":95,"text":21443},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21359,"depth":95,"text":21445},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21370,"depth":95,"text":21447},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19618,"description":21449},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21456,"title":21457,"body":21458,"description":24014,"extension":1921,"meta":24015,"navigation":98,"path":24016,"seo":24017,"stem":24018,"__hash__":24019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21459,"toc":23980},[21460,21465,21471,21477,21479,21561,21565,21582,21587,21592,21597,21599,21613,21615,21678,21682,21722,21730,21732,21734,21749,21752,21765,21767,21846,21850,21916,21918,21922,21930,21932,21943,21945,22055,22059,22138,22144,22150,22155,22268,22272,22304,22307,22414,22420,22427,22431,22434,22536,22540,22601,22604,22607,22618,22627,22630,22647,22649,22748,22752,22827,22830,22853,22858,22863,22880,22882,23003,23007,23041,23043,23048,23055,23065,23067,23145,23148,23219,23229,23232,23264,23267,23306,23312,23319,23322,23413,23417,23498,23504,23507,23510,23615,23618,23621,23743,23747,23750,23817,23821,23858,23864,23866,23872,23877,23883,23890,23896,23899,23938,23944,23947,23949,23977],[10,21461,11269,21463,18],{"id":21462},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21464,17027],{},[20,21466,1938,21467,21470],{},[15,21468,21469],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21472,21473,21474,21476],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21475,17027],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21478,33],{"id":32},[35,21480,21482],{"className":37,"code":21481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21483,21484,21520,21524,21547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21485,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21487,13155],{"class":50},[44,21489,55],{"class":54},[44,21491,10441],{"class":58},[44,21493,273],{"class":272},[44,21495,7616],{"class":276},[44,21497,273],{"class":272},[44,21499,159],{"class":58},[44,21501,284],{"class":272},[44,21503,12830],{"class":276},[44,21505,273],{"class":272},[44,21507,66],{"class":58},[44,21509,284],{"class":272},[44,21511,9248],{"class":276},[44,21513,273],{"class":272},[44,21515,159],{"class":58},[44,21517,9255],{"class":62},[44,21519,9258],{"class":58},[44,21521,21522],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21523,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21525,21526,21528,21531,21533,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21527,5909],{"class":3832},[44,21529,21530],{"class":50}," key",[44,21532,66],{"class":58},[44,21534,21535],{"class":50}," value ",[44,21537,3839],{"class":3832},[44,21539,13198],{"class":50},[44,21541,108],{"class":58},[44,21543,835],{"class":111},[44,21545,21546],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,21548,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21550,8017],{"class":127},[44,21552,115],{"class":58},[44,21554,14789],{"class":111},[44,21556,66],{"class":58},[44,21558,8379],{"class":111},[44,21560,121],{"class":58},[20,21562,21563],{},[214,21564,2028],{},[35,21566,21568],{"className":37,"code":21567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21569,21570,21575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21571,21572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21573,21574],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21576,21577,21580],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21578,21579],{"class":50},"age ",[44,21581,2666],{"class":62},[20,21583,144,21584,21586],{},[15,21585,17027],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21588,151,21590,154],{"id":21589},"what-items-does",[15,21591,17027],{},[20,21593,21594,21596],{},[15,21595,17027],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21598,11408],{},[161,21600,21601,21607,21610],{},[164,21602,21603,21604],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21605,21606],{},"(key, value)",[164,21608,21609],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[164,21611,21612],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21614,2164],{},[35,21616,21618],{"className":37,"code":21617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21619,21620,21656,21660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21621,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21623,13155],{"class":50},[44,21625,55],{"class":54},[44,21627,10441],{"class":58},[44,21629,273],{"class":272},[44,21631,7616],{"class":276},[44,21633,273],{"class":272},[44,21635,159],{"class":58},[44,21637,284],{"class":272},[44,21639,12830],{"class":276},[44,21641,273],{"class":272},[44,21643,66],{"class":58},[44,21645,284],{"class":272},[44,21647,9248],{"class":276},[44,21649,273],{"class":272},[44,21651,159],{"class":58},[44,21653,9255],{"class":62},[44,21655,9258],{"class":58},[44,21657,21658],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21659,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21661,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21663,128],{"class":127},[44,21665,115],{"class":58},[44,21667,226],{"class":1458},[44,21669,115],{"class":58},[44,21671,17256],{"class":111},[44,21673,108],{"class":58},[44,21675,835],{"class":111},[44,21677,6241],{"class":58},[20,21679,21680],{},[214,21681,2028],{},[35,21683,21685],{"className":37,"code":21684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21686,21687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21688,21689,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21690,21691],{"class":58},"[(",[44,21693,3259],{"class":272},[44,21695,7616],{"class":276},[44,21697,3259],{"class":272},[44,21699,66],{"class":58},[44,21701,3254],{"class":272},[44,21703,12830],{"class":276},[44,21705,3259],{"class":272},[44,21707,9182],{"class":58},[44,21709,9185],{"class":58},[44,21711,3259],{"class":272},[44,21713,9248],{"class":276},[44,21715,3259],{"class":272},[44,21717,66],{"class":58},[44,21719,9255],{"class":62},[44,21721,9198],{"class":58},[20,21723,21724,21725,2837,21727,108],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[394,21726,9104],{"href":12973},[394,21728,14973],{"href":21729},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21731,188],{"id":187},[20,21733,5388],{},[35,21735,21737],{"className":37,"code":21736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21738,21739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21740,21741,21743,21745,21747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21742,11399],{"class":50},[44,21744,108],{"class":58},[44,21746,835],{"class":111},[44,21748,8590],{"class":58},[20,21750,21751],{},"Things to remember:",[161,21753,21754,21759,21762],{},[164,21755,21756,21758],{},[15,21757,17027],{}," does not take any arguments",[164,21760,21761],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[164,21763,21764],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21766,2164],{},[35,21768,21770],{"className":37,"code":21769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21771,21772,21804,21808,21822,21826,21836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21773,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21775,5017],{"class":50},[44,21777,55],{"class":54},[44,21779,10441],{"class":58},[44,21781,273],{"class":272},[44,21783,4957],{"class":276},[44,21785,273],{"class":272},[44,21787,159],{"class":58},[44,21789,19848],{"class":62},[44,21791,66],{"class":58},[44,21793,284],{"class":272},[44,21795,4966],{"class":276},[44,21797,273],{"class":272},[44,21799,159],{"class":58},[44,21801,1681],{"class":62},[44,21803,9258],{"class":58},[44,21805,21806],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21807,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21809,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21811,911],{"class":50},[44,21813,55],{"class":54},[44,21815,5064],{"class":50},[44,21817,108],{"class":58},[44,21819,835],{"class":111},[44,21821,8590],{"class":58},[44,21823,21824],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21825,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,21827,21828,21830,21832,21834],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,21829,128],{"class":127},[44,21831,115],{"class":58},[44,21833,943],{"class":111},[44,21835,121],{"class":58},[44,21837,21838,21840,21842,21844],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,21839,128],{"class":127},[44,21841,115],{"class":58},[44,21843,16338],{"class":111},[44,21845,121],{"class":58},[20,21847,21848],{},[214,21849,2028],{},[35,21851,21853],{"className":37,"code":21852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21854,21855,21888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21856,21857,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21858,21859],{"class":111},"dict_items",[44,21861,9607],{"class":58},[44,21863,3259],{"class":272},[44,21865,4957],{"class":276},[44,21867,3259],{"class":272},[44,21869,66],{"class":58},[44,21871,19848],{"class":62},[44,21873,9182],{"class":58},[44,21875,9185],{"class":58},[44,21877,3259],{"class":272},[44,21879,4966],{"class":276},[44,21881,3259],{"class":272},[44,21883,66],{"class":58},[44,21885,1681],{"class":62},[44,21887,10629],{"class":58},[44,21889,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21891,9227],{"class":58},[44,21893,3259],{"class":272},[44,21895,4957],{"class":276},[44,21897,3259],{"class":272},[44,21899,159],{"class":58},[44,21901,19848],{"class":62},[44,21903,66],{"class":58},[44,21905,3254],{"class":272},[44,21907,4966],{"class":276},[44,21909,3259],{"class":272},[44,21911,159],{"class":58},[44,21913,1681],{"class":62},[44,21915,9258],{"class":58},[20,21917,20842],{},[30,21919,21921],{"id":21920},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21923,21924,21926,21927,21929],{},[15,21925,17027],{}," returns a ",[15,21928,21859],{}," view object.",[20,21931,2065],{},[161,21933,21934,21937,21940],{},[164,21935,21936],{},"You can loop over it",[164,21938,21939],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[164,21941,21942],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21944,2164],{},[35,21946,21948],{"className":37,"code":21947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21949,21950,21982,21996,22000,22014,22018,22037,22041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21951,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21953,9114],{"class":50},[44,21955,55],{"class":54},[44,21957,10441],{"class":58},[44,21959,273],{"class":272},[44,21961,2130],{"class":276},[44,21963,273],{"class":272},[44,21965,159],{"class":58},[44,21967,5450],{"class":62},[44,21969,66],{"class":58},[44,21971,284],{"class":272},[44,21973,11695],{"class":276},[44,21975,273],{"class":272},[44,21977,159],{"class":58},[44,21979,69],{"class":62},[44,21981,9258],{"class":58},[44,21983,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,21985,9164],{"class":50},[44,21987,55],{"class":54},[44,21989,14515],{"class":50},[44,21991,108],{"class":58},[44,21993,835],{"class":111},[44,21995,8590],{"class":58},[44,21997,21998],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,21999,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22001,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22003,128],{"class":127},[44,22005,115],{"class":58},[44,22007,226],{"class":1458},[44,22009,115],{"class":58},[44,22011,9211],{"class":111},[44,22013,637],{"class":58},[44,22015,22016],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,22017,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22019,22020,22022,22024,22026,22029,22031,22033,22035],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,22021,9153],{"class":50},[44,22023,3856],{"class":58},[44,22025,273],{"class":272},[44,22027,22028],{"class":276},"z",[44,22030,273],{"class":272},[44,22032,13224],{"class":58},[44,22034,13227],{"class":54},[44,22036,2534],{"class":62},[44,22038,22039],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,22040,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22042,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,22044,128],{"class":127},[44,22046,115],{"class":58},[44,22048,226],{"class":1458},[44,22050,115],{"class":58},[44,22052,9211],{"class":111},[44,22054,637],{"class":58},[20,22056,22057],{},[214,22058,2028],{},[35,22060,22062],{"className":37,"code":22061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22063,22064,22094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22065,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22067,21691],{"class":58},[44,22069,3259],{"class":272},[44,22071,2130],{"class":276},[44,22073,3259],{"class":272},[44,22075,66],{"class":58},[44,22077,5450],{"class":62},[44,22079,9182],{"class":58},[44,22081,9185],{"class":58},[44,22083,3259],{"class":272},[44,22085,11695],{"class":276},[44,22087,3259],{"class":272},[44,22089,66],{"class":58},[44,22091,69],{"class":62},[44,22093,9198],{"class":58},[44,22095,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22097,21691],{"class":58},[44,22099,3259],{"class":272},[44,22101,2130],{"class":276},[44,22103,3259],{"class":272},[44,22105,66],{"class":58},[44,22107,5450],{"class":62},[44,22109,9182],{"class":58},[44,22111,9185],{"class":58},[44,22113,3259],{"class":272},[44,22115,11695],{"class":276},[44,22117,3259],{"class":272},[44,22119,66],{"class":58},[44,22121,69],{"class":62},[44,22123,9182],{"class":58},[44,22125,9185],{"class":58},[44,22127,3259],{"class":272},[44,22129,22028],{"class":276},[44,22131,3259],{"class":272},[44,22133,66],{"class":58},[44,22135,2408],{"class":62},[44,22137,9198],{"class":58},[20,22139,22140,22141,22143],{},"This happens because ",[15,22142,9211],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22145,22147,22148],{"id":22146},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22149,17027],{},[20,22151,22152,22153,159],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22154,17027],{},[35,22156,22158],{"className":37,"code":22157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22159,22160,22213,22217,22237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22161,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22163,12813],{"class":50},[44,22165,55],{"class":54},[44,22167,10441],{"class":58},[44,22169,273],{"class":272},[44,22171,7616],{"class":276},[44,22173,273],{"class":272},[44,22175,159],{"class":58},[44,22177,284],{"class":272},[44,22179,7869],{"class":276},[44,22181,273],{"class":272},[44,22183,66],{"class":58},[44,22185,284],{"class":272},[44,22187,19841],{"class":276},[44,22189,273],{"class":272},[44,22191,159],{"class":58},[44,22193,284],{"class":272},[44,22195,22196],{"class":276},"A",[44,22198,273],{"class":272},[44,22200,66],{"class":58},[44,22202,284],{"class":272},[44,22204,9248],{"class":276},[44,22206,273],{"class":272},[44,22208,159],{"class":58},[44,22210,13806],{"class":62},[44,22212,9258],{"class":58},[44,22214,22215],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22216,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22218,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22220,5909],{"class":3832},[44,22222,21530],{"class":50},[44,22224,66],{"class":58},[44,22226,21535],{"class":50},[44,22228,3839],{"class":3832},[44,22230,12856],{"class":50},[44,22232,108],{"class":58},[44,22234,835],{"class":111},[44,22236,21546],{"class":58},[44,22238,22239,22241,22243,22246,22248,22250,22252,22255,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22240,8017],{"class":127},[44,22242,115],{"class":58},[44,22244,22245],{"class":2022},"f",[44,22247,273],{"class":276},[44,22249,9227],{"class":62},[44,22251,14789],{"class":111},[44,22253,22254],{"class":62},"}",[44,22256,22257],{"class":276},": ",[44,22259,9227],{"class":62},[44,22261,2429],{"class":111},[44,22263,22254],{"class":62},[44,22265,273],{"class":276},[44,22267,121],{"class":58},[20,22269,22270],{},[214,22271,2028],{},[35,22273,22275],{"className":37,"code":22274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22276,22277,22286,22295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22278,22279,22281,22283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22280,7616],{"class":50},[44,22282,159],{"class":58},[44,22284,22285],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22287,22288,22290,22292],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22289,19841],{"class":50},[44,22291,159],{"class":58},[44,22293,22294],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22296,22297,22299,22301],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22298,9248],{"class":50},[44,22300,159],{"class":58},[44,22302,22303],{"class":62}," 14\n",[20,22305,22306],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22308,22310],{"className":37,"code":22309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22311,22312,22364,22368,22380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22313,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22315,12813],{"class":50},[44,22317,55],{"class":54},[44,22319,10441],{"class":58},[44,22321,273],{"class":272},[44,22323,7616],{"class":276},[44,22325,273],{"class":272},[44,22327,159],{"class":58},[44,22329,284],{"class":272},[44,22331,7869],{"class":276},[44,22333,273],{"class":272},[44,22335,66],{"class":58},[44,22337,284],{"class":272},[44,22339,19841],{"class":276},[44,22341,273],{"class":272},[44,22343,159],{"class":58},[44,22345,284],{"class":272},[44,22347,22196],{"class":276},[44,22349,273],{"class":272},[44,22351,66],{"class":58},[44,22353,284],{"class":272},[44,22355,9248],{"class":276},[44,22357,273],{"class":272},[44,22359,159],{"class":58},[44,22361,13806],{"class":62},[44,22363,9258],{"class":58},[44,22365,22366],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22367,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22369,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22371,5909],{"class":3832},[44,22373,18159],{"class":50},[44,22375,3839],{"class":3832},[44,22377,12856],{"class":50},[44,22379,6344],{"class":58},[44,22381,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22383,8017],{"class":127},[44,22385,115],{"class":58},[44,22387,22245],{"class":2022},[44,22389,273],{"class":276},[44,22391,9227],{"class":62},[44,22393,14789],{"class":111},[44,22395,22254],{"class":62},[44,22397,22257],{"class":276},[44,22399,9227],{"class":62},[44,22401,13574],{"class":111},[44,22403,3856],{"class":58},[44,22405,14789],{"class":111},[44,22407,13224],{"class":58},[44,22409,22254],{"class":62},[44,22411,273],{"class":276},[44,22413,121],{"class":58},[20,22415,6458,22416,22419],{},[15,22417,22418],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22421,22422,22423,108],{},"For a full guide, see ",[394,22424,22426],{"href":22425},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22428,22430],{"id":22429},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22432,22433],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22435,22437],{"className":37,"code":22436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22438,22439,22497,22501,22521,22525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22440,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22493,22495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22442,13026],{"class":50},[44,22444,55],{"class":54},[44,22446,10441],{"class":58},[44,22448,273],{"class":272},[44,22450,277],{"class":276},[44,22452,273],{"class":272},[44,22454,159],{"class":58},[44,22456,284],{"class":272},[44,22458,13043],{"class":276},[44,22460,273],{"class":272},[44,22462,66],{"class":58},[44,22464,284],{"class":272},[44,22466,287],{"class":276},[44,22468,273],{"class":272},[44,22470,159],{"class":58},[44,22472,284],{"class":272},[44,22474,22475],{"class":276},"yellow",[44,22477,273],{"class":272},[44,22479,66],{"class":58},[44,22481,284],{"class":272},[44,22483,314],{"class":276},[44,22485,273],{"class":272},[44,22487,159],{"class":58},[44,22489,284],{"class":272},[44,22491,22492],{"class":276},"purple",[44,22494,273],{"class":272},[44,22496,9258],{"class":58},[44,22498,22499],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22500,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22502,22503,22506,22508,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22504,22505],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22507,55],{"class":54},[44,22509,22510],{"class":1458}," list",[44,22512,115],{"class":58},[44,22514,17452],{"class":111},[44,22516,108],{"class":58},[44,22518,835],{"class":111},[44,22520,7141],{"class":58},[44,22522,22523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22524,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22526,22527,22529,22531,22534],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,22528,128],{"class":127},[44,22530,115],{"class":58},[44,22532,22533],{"class":111},"pairs_list",[44,22535,121],{"class":58},[20,22537,22538],{},[214,22539,2028],{},[35,22541,22543],{"className":37,"code":22542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22544,22545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22546,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557,22559,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22548,21691],{"class":58},[44,22550,3259],{"class":272},[44,22552,277],{"class":276},[44,22554,3259],{"class":272},[44,22556,66],{"class":58},[44,22558,3254],{"class":272},[44,22560,13043],{"class":276},[44,22562,3259],{"class":272},[44,22564,9182],{"class":58},[44,22566,9185],{"class":58},[44,22568,3259],{"class":272},[44,22570,287],{"class":276},[44,22572,3259],{"class":272},[44,22574,66],{"class":58},[44,22576,3254],{"class":272},[44,22578,22475],{"class":276},[44,22580,3259],{"class":272},[44,22582,9182],{"class":58},[44,22584,9185],{"class":58},[44,22586,3259],{"class":272},[44,22588,314],{"class":276},[44,22590,3259],{"class":272},[44,22592,66],{"class":58},[44,22594,3254],{"class":272},[44,22596,22492],{"class":276},[44,22598,3259],{"class":272},[44,22600,9198],{"class":58},[20,22602,22603],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22605,22606],{},"Use this when:",[161,22608,22609,22612,22615],{},[164,22610,22611],{},"You want clearer printed output",[164,22613,22614],{},"You need list behavior",[164,22616,22617],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22619,22621,408,22623,408,22625],{"id":22620},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22622,17027],{},[15,22624,17015],{},[15,22626,17021],{},[20,22628,22629],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[161,22631,22632,22637,22642],{},[164,22633,22634,22636],{},[15,22635,17027],{}," gives both key and value",[164,22638,22639,22641],{},[15,22640,17015],{}," gives only keys",[164,22643,22644,22646],{},[15,22645,17021],{}," gives only values",[20,22648,2164],{},[35,22650,22652],{"className":37,"code":22651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22653,22654,22690,22694,22712,22730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22655,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22657,13155],{"class":50},[44,22659,55],{"class":54},[44,22661,10441],{"class":58},[44,22663,273],{"class":272},[44,22665,7616],{"class":276},[44,22667,273],{"class":272},[44,22669,159],{"class":58},[44,22671,284],{"class":272},[44,22673,12830],{"class":276},[44,22675,273],{"class":272},[44,22677,66],{"class":58},[44,22679,284],{"class":272},[44,22681,9248],{"class":276},[44,22683,273],{"class":272},[44,22685,159],{"class":58},[44,22687,9255],{"class":62},[44,22689,9258],{"class":58},[44,22691,22692],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22693,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22695,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22697,128],{"class":127},[44,22699,115],{"class":58},[44,22701,226],{"class":1458},[44,22703,115],{"class":58},[44,22705,17256],{"class":111},[44,22707,108],{"class":58},[44,22709,16873],{"class":111},[44,22711,6241],{"class":58},[44,22713,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22715,128],{"class":127},[44,22717,115],{"class":58},[44,22719,226],{"class":1458},[44,22721,115],{"class":58},[44,22723,17256],{"class":111},[44,22725,108],{"class":58},[44,22727,621],{"class":111},[44,22729,6241],{"class":58},[44,22731,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,22733,128],{"class":127},[44,22735,115],{"class":58},[44,22737,226],{"class":1458},[44,22739,115],{"class":58},[44,22741,17256],{"class":111},[44,22743,108],{"class":58},[44,22745,835],{"class":111},[44,22747,6241],{"class":58},[20,22749,22750],{},[214,22751,2028],{},[35,22753,22755],{"className":37,"code":22754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22756,22757,22777,22793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22758,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22760,3856],{"class":58},[44,22762,3259],{"class":272},[44,22764,7616],{"class":276},[44,22766,3259],{"class":272},[44,22768,66],{"class":58},[44,22770,3254],{"class":272},[44,22772,9248],{"class":276},[44,22774,3259],{"class":272},[44,22776,72],{"class":58},[44,22778,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22780,3856],{"class":58},[44,22782,3259],{"class":272},[44,22784,12830],{"class":276},[44,22786,3259],{"class":272},[44,22788,66],{"class":58},[44,22790,9255],{"class":62},[44,22792,72],{"class":58},[44,22794,22795,22797,22799,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22796,21691],{"class":58},[44,22798,3259],{"class":272},[44,22800,7616],{"class":276},[44,22802,3259],{"class":272},[44,22804,66],{"class":58},[44,22806,3254],{"class":272},[44,22808,12830],{"class":276},[44,22810,3259],{"class":272},[44,22812,9182],{"class":58},[44,22814,9185],{"class":58},[44,22816,3259],{"class":272},[44,22818,9248],{"class":276},[44,22820,3259],{"class":272},[44,22822,66],{"class":58},[44,22824,9255],{"class":62},[44,22826,9198],{"class":58},[20,22828,22829],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[161,22831,22832,22840,22848],{},[164,22833,22834,22835],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[394,22836,22838],{"href":22837},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22839,17015],{},[164,22841,22842,22843],{},"Need just values? Use ",[394,22844,22846],{"href":22845},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22847,17021],{},[164,22849,22850,22851],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22852,17027],{},[30,22854,1638,22856],{"id":22855},"when-to-use-items",[15,22857,17027],{},[20,22859,22860,22862],{},[15,22861,17027],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[161,22864,22865,22868,22871,22874,22877],{},[164,22866,22867],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[164,22869,22870],{},"Building formatted output",[164,22872,22873],{},"Looping through settings and values",[164,22875,22876],{},"Showing names with scores",[164,22878,22879],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22881,2164],{},[35,22883,22885],{"className":37,"code":22884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22886,22887,22895,22913,22932,22944,22948,22952,22973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22888,22889,22891,22893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22890,13774],{"class":50},[44,22892,55],{"class":54},[44,22894,11443],{"class":58},[44,22896,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,22898,11448],{"class":272},[44,22900,12445],{"class":276},[44,22902,273],{"class":272},[44,22904,159],{"class":58},[44,22906,284],{"class":272},[44,22908,12454],{"class":276},[44,22910,273],{"class":272},[44,22912,11464],{"class":58},[44,22914,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22928,22930],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,22916,11448],{"class":272},[44,22918,20073],{"class":276},[44,22920,273],{"class":272},[44,22922,159],{"class":58},[44,22924,284],{"class":272},[44,22926,22927],{"class":276},"English",[44,22929,273],{"class":272},[44,22931,11464],{"class":58},[44,22933,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22935,11448],{"class":272},[44,22937,18475],{"class":276},[44,22939,273],{"class":272},[44,22941,159],{"class":58},[44,22943,6373],{"class":1582},[44,22945,22946],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,22947,9258],{"class":58},[44,22949,22950],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,22951,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,22953,22954,22956,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,22955,5909],{"class":3832},[44,22957,22958],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22960,66],{"class":58},[44,22962,21535],{"class":50},[44,22964,3839],{"class":3832},[44,22966,13818],{"class":50},[44,22968,108],{"class":58},[44,22970,835],{"class":111},[44,22972,21546],{"class":58},[44,22974,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22988,22990,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,22976,8017],{"class":127},[44,22978,115],{"class":58},[44,22980,22245],{"class":2022},[44,22982,273],{"class":276},[44,22984,9227],{"class":62},[44,22986,22987],{"class":111},"setting",[44,22989,22254],{"class":62},[44,22991,22992],{"class":276}," = ",[44,22994,9227],{"class":62},[44,22996,2429],{"class":111},[44,22998,22254],{"class":62},[44,23000,273],{"class":276},[44,23002,121],{"class":58},[20,23004,23005],{},[214,23006,2028],{},[35,23008,23010],{"className":37,"code":23009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23011,23012,23022,23032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23013,23014,23017,23019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23015,23016],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,23018,55],{"class":54},[44,23020,23021],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,23023,23024,23027,23029],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23025,23026],{"class":50},"language ",[44,23028,55],{"class":54},[44,23030,23031],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,23033,23034,23037,23039],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23035,23036],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,23038,55],{"class":54},[44,23040,6373],{"class":1582},[30,23042,2788],{"id":2787},[20,23044,23045,23046,108],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23047,17027],{},[420,23049,23051,23052,23054],{"id":23050},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23053,17027],{}," incorrectly",[20,23056,23057,23058,23060,23061,23064],{},"Each result from ",[15,23059,17027],{}," has ",[214,23062,23063],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23066,6634],{},[35,23068,23069],{"className":37,"code":21481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,23070,23071,23107,23111,23131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23072,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23074,13155],{"class":50},[44,23076,55],{"class":54},[44,23078,10441],{"class":58},[44,23080,273],{"class":272},[44,23082,7616],{"class":276},[44,23084,273],{"class":272},[44,23086,159],{"class":58},[44,23088,284],{"class":272},[44,23090,12830],{"class":276},[44,23092,273],{"class":272},[44,23094,66],{"class":58},[44,23096,284],{"class":272},[44,23098,9248],{"class":276},[44,23100,273],{"class":272},[44,23102,159],{"class":58},[44,23104,9255],{"class":62},[44,23106,9258],{"class":58},[44,23108,23109],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23110,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23112,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23114,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23116,21530],{"class":50},[44,23118,66],{"class":58},[44,23120,21535],{"class":50},[44,23122,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23124,13198],{"class":50},[44,23126,108],{"class":58},[44,23128,835],{"class":111},[44,23130,21546],{"class":58},[44,23132,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23134,8017],{"class":127},[44,23136,115],{"class":58},[44,23138,14789],{"class":111},[44,23140,66],{"class":58},[44,23142,8379],{"class":111},[44,23144,121],{"class":58},[20,23146,23147],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23149,23151],{"className":37,"code":23150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23152,23153,23189,23193,23209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23154,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23156,13155],{"class":50},[44,23158,55],{"class":54},[44,23160,10441],{"class":58},[44,23162,273],{"class":272},[44,23164,7616],{"class":276},[44,23166,273],{"class":272},[44,23168,159],{"class":58},[44,23170,284],{"class":272},[44,23172,12830],{"class":276},[44,23174,273],{"class":272},[44,23176,66],{"class":58},[44,23178,284],{"class":272},[44,23180,9248],{"class":276},[44,23182,273],{"class":272},[44,23184,159],{"class":58},[44,23186,9255],{"class":62},[44,23188,9258],{"class":58},[44,23190,23191],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23192,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23194,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23196,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23198,18159],{"class":50},[44,23200,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23202,13198],{"class":50},[44,23204,108],{"class":58},[44,23206,835],{"class":111},[44,23208,21546],{"class":58},[44,23210,23211,23213,23215,23217],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23212,8017],{"class":127},[44,23214,115],{"class":58},[44,23216,14789],{"class":111},[44,23218,121],{"class":58},[20,23220,23221,23222,23224,23225,23228],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23223,14789],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23226,23227],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23230,23231],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23233,23235],{"className":37,"code":23234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23236,23237,23253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23238,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23240,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23242,5912],{"class":50},[44,23244,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23246,13198],{"class":50},[44,23248,108],{"class":58},[44,23250,835],{"class":111},[44,23252,21546],{"class":58},[44,23254,23255,23257,23259,23262],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23256,8017],{"class":127},[44,23258,115],{"class":58},[44,23260,23261],{"class":111},"item",[44,23263,121],{"class":58},[20,23265,23266],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23268,23270],{"className":37,"code":23269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23271,23272,23292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23273,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23275,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23277,21530],{"class":50},[44,23279,66],{"class":58},[44,23281,21535],{"class":50},[44,23283,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23285,13198],{"class":50},[44,23287,108],{"class":58},[44,23289,835],{"class":111},[44,23291,21546],{"class":58},[44,23293,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23295,8017],{"class":127},[44,23297,115],{"class":58},[44,23299,14789],{"class":111},[44,23301,66],{"class":58},[44,23303,8379],{"class":111},[44,23305,121],{"class":58},[420,23307,8399,23309,23311],{"id":23308},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23310,17027],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23313,23314,21926,23316,23318],{},[15,23315,17027],{},[15,23317,21859],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23320,23321],{},"Check it:",[35,23323,23325],{"className":37,"code":23324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23326,23327,23359,23363,23377,23395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23328,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23330,11674],{"class":50},[44,23332,55],{"class":54},[44,23334,10441],{"class":58},[44,23336,273],{"class":272},[44,23338,394],{"class":276},[44,23340,273],{"class":272},[44,23342,159],{"class":58},[44,23344,5450],{"class":62},[44,23346,66],{"class":58},[44,23348,284],{"class":272},[44,23350,4714],{"class":276},[44,23352,273],{"class":272},[44,23354,159],{"class":58},[44,23356,69],{"class":62},[44,23358,9258],{"class":58},[44,23360,23361],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23362,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23366,128],{"class":127},[44,23368,115],{"class":58},[44,23370,11399],{"class":111},[44,23372,108],{"class":58},[44,23374,835],{"class":111},[44,23376,7141],{"class":58},[44,23378,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23380,128],{"class":127},[44,23382,115],{"class":58},[44,23384,1459],{"class":1458},[44,23386,115],{"class":58},[44,23388,11399],{"class":111},[44,23390,108],{"class":58},[44,23392,835],{"class":111},[44,23394,6241],{"class":58},[44,23396,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,23398,128],{"class":127},[44,23400,115],{"class":58},[44,23402,226],{"class":1458},[44,23404,115],{"class":58},[44,23406,11399],{"class":111},[44,23408,108],{"class":58},[44,23410,835],{"class":111},[44,23412,6241],{"class":58},[20,23414,23415],{},[214,23416,2028],{},[35,23418,23420],{"className":37,"code":23419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23421,23422,23454,23468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23423,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23425,21859],{"class":111},[44,23427,9607],{"class":58},[44,23429,3259],{"class":272},[44,23431,394],{"class":276},[44,23433,3259],{"class":272},[44,23435,66],{"class":58},[44,23437,5450],{"class":62},[44,23439,9182],{"class":58},[44,23441,9185],{"class":58},[44,23443,3259],{"class":272},[44,23445,4714],{"class":276},[44,23447,3259],{"class":272},[44,23449,66],{"class":58},[44,23451,69],{"class":62},[44,23453,10629],{"class":58},[44,23455,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23457,3248],{"class":54},[44,23459,3251],{"class":2022},[44,23461,3254],{"class":272},[44,23463,21859],{"class":276},[44,23465,3259],{"class":272},[44,23467,3262],{"class":54},[44,23469,23470,23472,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23471,21691],{"class":58},[44,23473,3259],{"class":272},[44,23475,394],{"class":276},[44,23477,3259],{"class":272},[44,23479,66],{"class":58},[44,23481,5450],{"class":62},[44,23483,9182],{"class":58},[44,23485,9185],{"class":58},[44,23487,3259],{"class":272},[44,23489,4714],{"class":276},[44,23491,3259],{"class":272},[44,23493,66],{"class":58},[44,23495,69],{"class":62},[44,23497,9198],{"class":58},[420,23499,23501,23502],{"id":23500},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23503,17027],{},[20,23505,23506],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23508,23509],{},"Problem example:",[35,23511,23513],{"className":37,"code":23512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23514,23515,23559,23563,23583,23595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551,23553,23555,23557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23518,51],{"class":50},[44,23520,55],{"class":54},[44,23522,10441],{"class":58},[44,23524,273],{"class":272},[44,23526,394],{"class":276},[44,23528,273],{"class":272},[44,23530,159],{"class":58},[44,23532,5450],{"class":62},[44,23534,66],{"class":58},[44,23536,284],{"class":272},[44,23538,4714],{"class":276},[44,23540,273],{"class":272},[44,23542,159],{"class":58},[44,23544,69],{"class":62},[44,23546,66],{"class":58},[44,23548,284],{"class":272},[44,23550,9689],{"class":276},[44,23552,273],{"class":272},[44,23554,159],{"class":58},[44,23556,2408],{"class":62},[44,23558,9258],{"class":58},[44,23560,23561],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23562,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23564,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23566,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23568,21530],{"class":50},[44,23570,66],{"class":58},[44,23572,21535],{"class":50},[44,23574,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23576,916],{"class":50},[44,23578,108],{"class":58},[44,23580,835],{"class":111},[44,23582,21546],{"class":58},[44,23584,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23586,6349],{"class":3832},[44,23588,21535],{"class":50},[44,23590,4641],{"class":54},[44,23592,69],{"class":62},[44,23594,6344],{"class":58},[44,23596,23597,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,23598,23599],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23601,3856],{"class":58},[44,23603,273],{"class":272},[44,23605,18717],{"class":276},[44,23607,273],{"class":272},[44,23609,13224],{"class":58},[44,23611,13227],{"class":54},[44,23613,23614],{"class":62}," 4\n",[20,23616,23617],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23619,23620],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23622,23624],{"className":37,"code":23623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23625,23626,23670,23674,23699,23711,23729,23733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23627,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23629,51],{"class":50},[44,23631,55],{"class":54},[44,23633,10441],{"class":58},[44,23635,273],{"class":272},[44,23637,394],{"class":276},[44,23639,273],{"class":272},[44,23641,159],{"class":58},[44,23643,5450],{"class":62},[44,23645,66],{"class":58},[44,23647,284],{"class":272},[44,23649,4714],{"class":276},[44,23651,273],{"class":272},[44,23653,159],{"class":58},[44,23655,69],{"class":62},[44,23657,66],{"class":58},[44,23659,284],{"class":272},[44,23661,9689],{"class":276},[44,23663,273],{"class":272},[44,23665,159],{"class":58},[44,23667,2408],{"class":62},[44,23669,9258],{"class":58},[44,23671,23672],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23673,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23675,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23677,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23679,21530],{"class":50},[44,23681,66],{"class":58},[44,23683,21535],{"class":50},[44,23685,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23687,22510],{"class":1458},[44,23689,115],{"class":58},[44,23691,105],{"class":111},[44,23693,108],{"class":58},[44,23695,835],{"class":111},[44,23697,23698],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,23700,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23702,6349],{"class":3832},[44,23704,21535],{"class":50},[44,23706,4641],{"class":54},[44,23708,69],{"class":62},[44,23710,6344],{"class":58},[44,23712,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,23714,23599],{"class":50},[44,23716,3856],{"class":58},[44,23718,273],{"class":272},[44,23720,18717],{"class":276},[44,23722,273],{"class":272},[44,23724,13224],{"class":58},[44,23726,13227],{"class":54},[44,23728,23614],{"class":62},[44,23730,23731],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,23732,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23734,23735,23737,23739,23741],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,23736,128],{"class":127},[44,23738,115],{"class":58},[44,23740,105],{"class":111},[44,23742,121],{"class":58},[420,23744,23746],{"id":23745},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23748,23749],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23751,23753],{"className":37,"code":23752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23754,23755,23787,23791,23807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23756,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23758,9114],{"class":50},[44,23760,55],{"class":54},[44,23762,10441],{"class":58},[44,23764,273],{"class":272},[44,23766,2130],{"class":276},[44,23768,273],{"class":272},[44,23770,159],{"class":58},[44,23772,5956],{"class":62},[44,23774,66],{"class":58},[44,23776,284],{"class":272},[44,23778,11695],{"class":276},[44,23780,273],{"class":272},[44,23782,159],{"class":58},[44,23784,7738],{"class":62},[44,23786,9258],{"class":58},[44,23788,23789],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23790,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,23792,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,23794,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23796,5912],{"class":50},[44,23798,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23800,14515],{"class":50},[44,23802,108],{"class":58},[44,23804,835],{"class":111},[44,23806,21546],{"class":58},[44,23808,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23810,8017],{"class":127},[44,23812,115],{"class":58},[44,23814,23261],{"class":111},[44,23816,121],{"class":58},[20,23818,23819],{},[214,23820,2028],{},[35,23822,23824],{"className":37,"code":23823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23825,23826,23842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23827,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23829,115],{"class":58},[44,23831,3259],{"class":272},[44,23833,2130],{"class":276},[44,23835,3259],{"class":272},[44,23837,66],{"class":58},[44,23839,5956],{"class":62},[44,23841,121],{"class":58},[44,23843,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23845,115],{"class":58},[44,23847,3259],{"class":272},[44,23849,11695],{"class":276},[44,23851,3259],{"class":272},[44,23853,66],{"class":58},[44,23855,7738],{"class":62},[44,23857,121],{"class":58},[20,23859,23860,23861,23863],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23862,21606],{}," pair.",[30,23865,1757],{"id":1756},[420,23867,23869,23870,5099],{"id":23868},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23871,17027],{},[20,23873,17371,23874,23876],{},[15,23875,21859],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[420,23878,1761,23880,23882],{"id":23879},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23881,17027],{}," return a list?",[20,23884,23885,23886,23889],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23887,23888],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[420,23891,23893,23894,1778],{"id":23892},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23895,17027],{},[20,23897,23898],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23900,23902],{"className":37,"code":23901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23903,23904,23924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23905,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23907,5909],{"class":3832},[44,23909,21530],{"class":50},[44,23911,66],{"class":58},[44,23913,21535],{"class":50},[44,23915,3839],{"class":3832},[44,23917,11716],{"class":50},[44,23919,108],{"class":58},[44,23921,835],{"class":111},[44,23923,21546],{"class":58},[44,23925,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,23927,8017],{"class":127},[44,23929,115],{"class":58},[44,23931,14789],{"class":111},[44,23933,66],{"class":58},[44,23935,8379],{"class":111},[44,23937,121],{"class":58},[420,23939,1761,23941,23943],{"id":23940},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23942,17027],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23945,23946],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,23948,1821],{"id":1820},[161,23950,23951,23957,23963,23968,23972],{},[164,23952,23953],{},[394,23954,10687,23955,574],{"href":22837},[15,23956,17015],{},[164,23958,23959],{},[394,23960,10687,23961,574],{"href":22845},[15,23962,17021],{},[164,23964,23965],{},[394,23966,23967],{"href":22425},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[164,23969,23970],{},[394,23971,9104],{"href":12973},[164,23973,23974],{},[394,23975,23976],{"href":21729},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1872,23978,23979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":23981},[23982,23983,23985,23986,23987,23989,23990,23992,23994,24003,24013],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":21589,"depth":75,"text":23984},"What items() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":21920,"depth":75,"text":21921},{"id":22146,"depth":75,"text":23988},"Looping with items()",{"id":22429,"depth":75,"text":22430},{"id":22620,"depth":75,"text":23991},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22855,"depth":75,"text":23993},"When to use items()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":23995},[23996,23998,24000,24002],{"id":23050,"depth":95,"text":23997},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23308,"depth":95,"text":23999},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23500,"depth":95,"text":24001},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23745,"depth":95,"text":23746},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":24004},[24005,24007,24009,24011],{"id":23868,"depth":95,"text":24006},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23879,"depth":95,"text":24008},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23892,"depth":95,"text":24010},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23940,"depth":95,"text":24012},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21457,"description":24014},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24021,"title":24022,"body":24023,"description":26113,"extension":1921,"meta":26114,"navigation":98,"path":22837,"seo":26115,"stem":26116,"__hash__":26117},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24024,"toc":26079},[24025,24030,24036,24039,24050,24057,24059,24142,24146,24193,24198,24203,24208,24210,24226,24228,24327,24331,24388,24391,24393,24396,24489,24493,24556,24559,24575,24580,24582,24584,24599,24601,24612,24614,24657,24660,24703,24706,24708,24715,24718,24735,24737,24830,24834,24875,24887,24891,24894,24982,24986,25006,25009,25036,25043,25048,25052,25063,25065,25169,25173,25199,25202,25269,25274,25277,25300,25305,25309,25314,25320,25325,25327,25382,25386,25413,25420,25426,25429,25454,25460,25486,25489,25564,25571,25576,25578,25617,25635,25639,25642,25685,25688,25690,25709,25711,25716,25741,25744,25814,25817,25890,25894,25896,25957,25960,25976,25978,25983,25988,25995,26004,26010,26016,26023,26029,26033,26038,26040,26076],[10,24026,11269,24028,18],{"id":24027},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24029,17015],{},[20,24031,24032,24033,24035],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24034,17015],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24037,24038],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[161,24040,24041,24044,24047],{},[164,24042,24043],{},"view the available keys",[164,24045,24046],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[164,24048,24049],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24051,24052,24054,24055,108],{},[15,24053,17015],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24056,16964],{},[30,24058,33],{"id":32},[35,24060,24062],{"className":37,"code":24061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24063,24064,24100,24114,24118,24128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24065,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24067,12813],{"class":50},[44,24069,55],{"class":54},[44,24071,10441],{"class":58},[44,24073,273],{"class":272},[44,24075,7616],{"class":276},[44,24077,273],{"class":272},[44,24079,159],{"class":58},[44,24081,284],{"class":272},[44,24083,12830],{"class":276},[44,24085,273],{"class":272},[44,24087,66],{"class":58},[44,24089,284],{"class":272},[44,24091,9248],{"class":276},[44,24093,273],{"class":272},[44,24095,159],{"class":58},[44,24097,7738],{"class":62},[44,24099,9258],{"class":58},[44,24101,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24103,17191],{"class":50},[44,24105,55],{"class":54},[44,24107,12856],{"class":50},[44,24109,108],{"class":58},[44,24111,16873],{"class":111},[44,24113,8590],{"class":58},[44,24115,24116],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,24117,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24121,128],{"class":127},[44,24123,115],{"class":58},[44,24125,16873],{"class":111},[44,24127,121],{"class":58},[44,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,24131,128],{"class":127},[44,24133,115],{"class":58},[44,24135,226],{"class":1458},[44,24137,115],{"class":58},[44,24139,16873],{"class":111},[44,24141,637],{"class":58},[20,24143,24144],{},[214,24145,2028],{},[35,24147,24149],{"className":37,"code":24148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24150,24151,24173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24152,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24154,16964],{"class":111},[44,24156,457],{"class":58},[44,24158,3259],{"class":272},[44,24160,7616],{"class":276},[44,24162,3259],{"class":272},[44,24164,66],{"class":58},[44,24166,3254],{"class":272},[44,24168,9248],{"class":276},[44,24170,3259],{"class":272},[44,24172,466],{"class":58},[44,24174,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24176,3856],{"class":58},[44,24178,3259],{"class":272},[44,24180,7616],{"class":276},[44,24182,3259],{"class":272},[44,24184,66],{"class":58},[44,24186,3254],{"class":272},[44,24188,9248],{"class":276},[44,24190,3259],{"class":272},[44,24192,72],{"class":58},[20,24194,144,24195,24197],{},[15,24196,17015],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24199,151,24201,154],{"id":24200},"what-keys-does",[15,24202,17015],{},[20,24204,24205,24207],{},[15,24206,17015],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24209,11408],{},[161,24211,24212,24215,24218,24223],{},[164,24213,24214],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[164,24216,24217],{},"It does not need any arguments",[164,24219,17371,24220,24222],{},[15,24221,16964],{}," view object, not a list",[164,24224,24225],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24227,2164],{},[35,24229,24231],{"className":37,"code":24230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24232,24233,24269,24273,24287,24291,24313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24234,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24236,13155],{"class":50},[44,24238,55],{"class":54},[44,24240,10441],{"class":58},[44,24242,273],{"class":272},[44,24244,7616],{"class":276},[44,24246,273],{"class":272},[44,24248,159],{"class":58},[44,24250,284],{"class":272},[44,24252,13172],{"class":276},[44,24254,273],{"class":272},[44,24256,66],{"class":58},[44,24258,284],{"class":272},[44,24260,9248],{"class":276},[44,24262,273],{"class":272},[44,24264,159],{"class":58},[44,24266,9255],{"class":62},[44,24268,9258],{"class":58},[44,24270,24271],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24272,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24274,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,24276,128],{"class":127},[44,24278,115],{"class":58},[44,24280,17256],{"class":111},[44,24282,108],{"class":58},[44,24284,16873],{"class":111},[44,24286,7141],{"class":58},[44,24288,24289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24290,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24292,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,24294,17256],{"class":50},[44,24296,3856],{"class":58},[44,24298,273],{"class":272},[44,24300,10359],{"class":276},[44,24302,273],{"class":272},[44,24304,13224],{"class":58},[44,24306,13227],{"class":54},[44,24308,284],{"class":272},[44,24310,10366],{"class":276},[44,24312,3318],{"class":272},[44,24314,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,24316,128],{"class":127},[44,24318,115],{"class":58},[44,24320,17256],{"class":111},[44,24322,108],{"class":58},[44,24324,16873],{"class":111},[44,24326,7141],{"class":58},[20,24328,24329],{},[214,24330,2028],{},[35,24332,24334],{"className":37,"code":24333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24335,24336,24358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24337,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24339,16964],{"class":111},[44,24341,457],{"class":58},[44,24343,3259],{"class":272},[44,24345,7616],{"class":276},[44,24347,3259],{"class":272},[44,24349,66],{"class":58},[44,24351,3254],{"class":272},[44,24353,9248],{"class":276},[44,24355,3259],{"class":272},[44,24357,466],{"class":58},[44,24359,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24361,16964],{"class":111},[44,24363,457],{"class":58},[44,24365,3259],{"class":272},[44,24367,7616],{"class":276},[44,24369,3259],{"class":272},[44,24371,66],{"class":58},[44,24373,3254],{"class":272},[44,24375,9248],{"class":276},[44,24377,3259],{"class":272},[44,24379,66],{"class":58},[44,24381,3254],{"class":272},[44,24383,10359],{"class":276},[44,24385,3259],{"class":272},[44,24387,466],{"class":58},[20,24389,24390],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24392,5738],{"id":5737},[20,24394,24395],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24397,24399],{"className":37,"code":24398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24400,24401,24453,24457,24471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24402,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24404,9114],{"class":50},[44,24406,55],{"class":54},[44,24408,10441],{"class":58},[44,24410,273],{"class":272},[44,24412,7616],{"class":276},[44,24414,273],{"class":272},[44,24416,159],{"class":58},[44,24418,284],{"class":272},[44,24420,12830],{"class":276},[44,24422,273],{"class":272},[44,24424,66],{"class":58},[44,24426,284],{"class":272},[44,24428,9248],{"class":276},[44,24430,273],{"class":272},[44,24432,159],{"class":58},[44,24434,7738],{"class":62},[44,24436,66],{"class":58},[44,24438,284],{"class":272},[44,24440,19841],{"class":276},[44,24442,273],{"class":272},[44,24444,159],{"class":58},[44,24446,284],{"class":272},[44,24448,22196],{"class":276},[44,24450,273],{"class":272},[44,24452,9258],{"class":58},[44,24454,24455],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24456,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24458,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,24460,128],{"class":127},[44,24462,115],{"class":58},[44,24464,9153],{"class":111},[44,24466,108],{"class":58},[44,24468,16873],{"class":111},[44,24470,7141],{"class":58},[44,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24474,128],{"class":127},[44,24476,115],{"class":58},[44,24478,226],{"class":1458},[44,24480,115],{"class":58},[44,24482,9153],{"class":111},[44,24484,108],{"class":58},[44,24486,16873],{"class":111},[44,24488,6241],{"class":58},[20,24490,24491],{},[214,24492,2028],{},[35,24494,24496],{"className":37,"code":24495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24497,24498,24528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24499,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24501,16964],{"class":111},[44,24503,457],{"class":58},[44,24505,3259],{"class":272},[44,24507,7616],{"class":276},[44,24509,3259],{"class":272},[44,24511,66],{"class":58},[44,24513,3254],{"class":272},[44,24515,9248],{"class":276},[44,24517,3259],{"class":272},[44,24519,66],{"class":58},[44,24521,3254],{"class":272},[44,24523,19841],{"class":276},[44,24525,3259],{"class":272},[44,24527,466],{"class":58},[44,24529,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24531,3856],{"class":58},[44,24533,3259],{"class":272},[44,24535,7616],{"class":276},[44,24537,3259],{"class":272},[44,24539,66],{"class":58},[44,24541,3254],{"class":272},[44,24543,9248],{"class":276},[44,24545,3259],{"class":272},[44,24547,66],{"class":58},[44,24549,3254],{"class":272},[44,24551,19841],{"class":276},[44,24553,3259],{"class":272},[44,24555,72],{"class":58},[20,24557,24558],{},"This shows two things:",[161,24560,24561,24569],{},[164,24562,24563,21926,24566,24568],{},[15,24564,24565],{},"data.keys()",[15,24567,16964],{}," object",[164,24570,24571,24574],{},[15,24572,24573],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24576,9100,24577,108],{},[394,24578,24579],{"href":9340},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24581,5385],{"id":5384},[20,24583,2116],{},[35,24585,24587],{"className":37,"code":24586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24588,24589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24590,24591,24593,24595,24597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24592,11399],{"class":50},[44,24594,108],{"class":58},[44,24596,16873],{"class":111},[44,24598,8590],{"class":58},[20,24600,21751],{},[161,24602,24603,24606,24609],{},[164,24604,24605],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[164,24607,24608],{},"It takes no parameters",[164,24610,24611],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24613,16605],{},[35,24615,24617],{"className":37,"code":24616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24618,24619,24643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24620,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24622,12813],{"class":50},[44,24624,55],{"class":54},[44,24626,10441],{"class":58},[44,24628,273],{"class":272},[44,24630,7616],{"class":276},[44,24632,273],{"class":272},[44,24634,159],{"class":58},[44,24636,284],{"class":272},[44,24638,12830],{"class":276},[44,24640,273],{"class":272},[44,24642,9258],{"class":58},[44,24644,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24646,128],{"class":127},[44,24648,115],{"class":58},[44,24650,13574],{"class":111},[44,24652,108],{"class":58},[44,24654,16873],{"class":111},[44,24656,7141],{"class":58},[20,24658,24659],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24661,24663],{"className":37,"code":24662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24664,24665,24689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24666,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24668,12813],{"class":50},[44,24670,55],{"class":54},[44,24672,10441],{"class":58},[44,24674,273],{"class":272},[44,24676,7616],{"class":276},[44,24678,273],{"class":272},[44,24680,159],{"class":58},[44,24682,284],{"class":272},[44,24684,12830],{"class":276},[44,24686,273],{"class":272},[44,24688,9258],{"class":58},[44,24690,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24692,128],{"class":127},[44,24694,115],{"class":58},[44,24696,13574],{"class":111},[44,24698,108],{"class":58},[44,24700,16873],{"class":1492},[44,24702,121],{"class":58},[20,24704,24705],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24707,17368],{"id":17367},[20,24709,24710,21926,24712,24714],{},[15,24711,17015],{},[15,24713,16964],{}," object.",[20,24716,24717],{},"This object:",[161,24719,24720,24723,24726,24732],{},[164,24721,24722],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[164,24724,24725],{},"can be used in a loop",[164,24727,24728,24729],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24730,24731],{},"list()",[164,24733,24734],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24736,2164],{},[35,24738,24740],{"className":37,"code":24739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24741,24742,24783,24787,24802,24806,24816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24743,24744,24747,24749,24751,24753,24756,24758,24760,24762,24765,24767,24769,24771,24774,24776,24778,24781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24745,24746],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24748,55],{"class":54},[44,24750,10441],{"class":58},[44,24752,273],{"class":272},[44,24754,24755],{"class":276},"brand",[44,24757,273],{"class":272},[44,24759,159],{"class":58},[44,24761,284],{"class":272},[44,24763,24764],{"class":276},"Toyota",[44,24766,273],{"class":272},[44,24768,66],{"class":58},[44,24770,284],{"class":272},[44,24772,24773],{"class":276},"year",[44,24775,273],{"class":272},[44,24777,159],{"class":58},[44,24779,24780],{"class":62}," 2020",[44,24782,9258],{"class":58},[44,24784,24785],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24786,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24788,24789,24791,24793,24796,24798,24800],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,24790,911],{"class":50},[44,24792,55],{"class":54},[44,24794,24795],{"class":50}," car",[44,24797,108],{"class":58},[44,24799,16873],{"class":111},[44,24801,8590],{"class":58},[44,24803,24804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24805,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24807,24808,24810,24812,24814],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,24809,128],{"class":127},[44,24811,115],{"class":58},[44,24813,943],{"class":111},[44,24815,121],{"class":58},[44,24817,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,24819,128],{"class":127},[44,24821,115],{"class":58},[44,24823,1459],{"class":1458},[44,24825,115],{"class":58},[44,24827,943],{"class":111},[44,24829,637],{"class":58},[20,24831,24832],{},[214,24833,2028],{},[35,24835,24837],{"className":37,"code":24836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24838,24839,24861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24840,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24857,24859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24842,16964],{"class":111},[44,24844,457],{"class":58},[44,24846,3259],{"class":272},[44,24848,24755],{"class":276},[44,24850,3259],{"class":272},[44,24852,66],{"class":58},[44,24854,3254],{"class":272},[44,24856,24773],{"class":276},[44,24858,3259],{"class":272},[44,24860,466],{"class":58},[44,24862,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24864,3248],{"class":54},[44,24866,3251],{"class":2022},[44,24868,3254],{"class":272},[44,24870,16964],{"class":276},[44,24872,3259],{"class":272},[44,24874,3262],{"class":54},[20,24876,24877,24878,24882,24883,108],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[394,24879,10687,24880,574],{"href":17018},[15,24881,17021],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[394,24884,10687,24885,574],{"href":17024},[15,24886,17027],{},[30,24888,24890],{"id":24889},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24892,24893],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24895,24897],{"className":37,"code":24896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24898,24899,24952,24956,24972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24900,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24948,24950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24902,12813],{"class":50},[44,24904,55],{"class":54},[44,24906,10441],{"class":58},[44,24908,273],{"class":272},[44,24910,7616],{"class":276},[44,24912,273],{"class":272},[44,24914,159],{"class":58},[44,24916,284],{"class":272},[44,24918,12830],{"class":276},[44,24920,273],{"class":272},[44,24922,66],{"class":58},[44,24924,284],{"class":272},[44,24926,9248],{"class":276},[44,24928,273],{"class":272},[44,24930,159],{"class":58},[44,24932,7738],{"class":62},[44,24934,66],{"class":58},[44,24936,284],{"class":272},[44,24938,15277],{"class":276},[44,24940,273],{"class":272},[44,24942,159],{"class":58},[44,24944,284],{"class":272},[44,24946,24947],{"class":276},"Math",[44,24949,273],{"class":272},[44,24951,9258],{"class":58},[44,24953,24954],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24955,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,24957,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,24959,5909],{"class":3832},[44,24961,18159],{"class":50},[44,24963,3839],{"class":3832},[44,24965,12856],{"class":50},[44,24967,108],{"class":58},[44,24969,16873],{"class":111},[44,24971,21546],{"class":58},[44,24973,24974,24976,24978,24980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24975,8017],{"class":127},[44,24977,115],{"class":58},[44,24979,14789],{"class":111},[44,24981,121],{"class":58},[20,24983,24984],{},[214,24985,2028],{},[35,24987,24989],{"className":37,"code":24988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24990,24991,24996,25001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24992,24993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24994,24995],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24997,24998],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,24999,25000],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,25002,25003],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25004,25005],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,25007,25008],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,25010,25012],{"className":37,"code":25011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25013,25014,25026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25015,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25017,5909],{"class":3832},[44,25019,18159],{"class":50},[44,25021,3839],{"class":3832},[44,25023,12856],{"class":50},[44,25025,6344],{"class":58},[44,25027,25028,25030,25032,25034],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25029,8017],{"class":127},[44,25031,115],{"class":58},[44,25033,14789],{"class":111},[44,25035,121],{"class":58},[20,25037,25038,25039,25042],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25040,25041],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,25044,1638,25046],{"id":25045},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25047,17015],{},[20,25049,144,25050,10551],{},[15,25051,17015],{},[161,25053,25054,25057,25060],{},[164,25055,25056],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[164,25058,25059],{},"you want to display available fields",[164,25061,25062],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25064,2164],{},[35,25066,25068],{"className":37,"code":25067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25069,25070,25123,25127,25142,25159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25071,25072,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25092,25094,25096,25098,25101,25103,25105,25108,25110,25112,25115,25117,25119,25121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25073,25074],{"class":50},"product ",[44,25076,55],{"class":54},[44,25078,10441],{"class":58},[44,25080,273],{"class":272},[44,25082,7616],{"class":276},[44,25084,273],{"class":272},[44,25086,159],{"class":58},[44,25088,284],{"class":272},[44,25090,25091],{"class":276},"Book",[44,25093,273],{"class":272},[44,25095,66],{"class":58},[44,25097,284],{"class":272},[44,25099,25100],{"class":276},"price",[44,25102,273],{"class":272},[44,25104,159],{"class":58},[44,25106,25107],{"class":62}," 12.99",[44,25109,66],{"class":58},[44,25111,284],{"class":272},[44,25113,25114],{"class":276},"stock",[44,25116,273],{"class":272},[44,25118,159],{"class":58},[44,25120,4557],{"class":62},[44,25122,9258],{"class":58},[44,25124,25125],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25126,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,25128,25129,25131,25133,25135,25138,25140],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25130,128],{"class":127},[44,25132,115],{"class":58},[44,25134,273],{"class":272},[44,25136,25137],{"class":276},"Available fields:",[44,25139,273],{"class":272},[44,25141,121],{"class":58},[44,25143,25144,25146,25148,25150,25153,25155,25157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25145,5909],{"class":3832},[44,25147,18159],{"class":50},[44,25149,3839],{"class":3832},[44,25151,25152],{"class":50}," product",[44,25154,108],{"class":58},[44,25156,16873],{"class":111},[44,25158,21546],{"class":58},[44,25160,25161,25163,25165,25167],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,25162,8017],{"class":127},[44,25164,115],{"class":58},[44,25166,14789],{"class":111},[44,25168,121],{"class":58},[20,25170,25171],{},[214,25172,2028],{},[35,25174,25176],{"className":37,"code":25175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25177,25178,25185,25189,25194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25179,25180,25183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25181,25182],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25184,6344],{"class":58},[44,25186,25187],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25188,24995],{"class":50},[44,25190,25191],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25192,25193],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25195,25196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25197,25198],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25200,25201],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25203,25205],{"className":37,"code":25204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25206,25207,25243,25247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25208,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25210,25074],{"class":50},[44,25212,55],{"class":54},[44,25214,10441],{"class":58},[44,25216,273],{"class":272},[44,25218,7616],{"class":276},[44,25220,273],{"class":272},[44,25222,159],{"class":58},[44,25224,284],{"class":272},[44,25226,25091],{"class":276},[44,25228,273],{"class":272},[44,25230,66],{"class":58},[44,25232,284],{"class":272},[44,25234,25100],{"class":276},[44,25236,273],{"class":272},[44,25238,159],{"class":58},[44,25240,25107],{"class":62},[44,25242,9258],{"class":58},[44,25244,25245],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25246,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,25248,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25250,128],{"class":127},[44,25252,115],{"class":58},[44,25254,273],{"class":272},[44,25256,7616],{"class":276},[44,25258,273],{"class":272},[44,25260,21124],{"class":3832},[44,25262,25152],{"class":111},[44,25264,108],{"class":58},[44,25266,16873],{"class":111},[44,25268,7141],{"class":58},[20,25270,25271,25272,108],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25273,3565],{},[20,25275,25276],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25278,25280],{"className":37,"code":25279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25281,25282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25283,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25285,128],{"class":127},[44,25287,115],{"class":58},[44,25289,273],{"class":272},[44,25291,7616],{"class":276},[44,25293,273],{"class":272},[44,25295,21124],{"class":3832},[44,25297,25152],{"class":111},[44,25299,121],{"class":58},[20,25301,25302,25303,108],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[394,25304,21157],{"href":17102},[30,25306,25308],{"id":25307},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25310,25311,25312,108],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25313,17015],{},[420,25315,8399,25317,25319],{"id":25316},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25318,17015],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25321,25322,25324],{},[15,25323,17015],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25326,2164],{},[35,25328,25330],{"className":37,"code":25329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25331,25332,25368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25333,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25335,9114],{"class":50},[44,25337,55],{"class":54},[44,25339,10441],{"class":58},[44,25341,273],{"class":272},[44,25343,7616],{"class":276},[44,25345,273],{"class":272},[44,25347,159],{"class":58},[44,25349,284],{"class":272},[44,25351,12830],{"class":276},[44,25353,273],{"class":272},[44,25355,66],{"class":58},[44,25357,284],{"class":272},[44,25359,9248],{"class":276},[44,25361,273],{"class":272},[44,25363,159],{"class":58},[44,25365,7738],{"class":62},[44,25367,9258],{"class":58},[44,25369,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378,25380],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25371,128],{"class":127},[44,25373,115],{"class":58},[44,25375,9153],{"class":111},[44,25377,108],{"class":58},[44,25379,16873],{"class":111},[44,25381,7141],{"class":58},[20,25383,25384],{},[214,25385,2028],{},[35,25387,25389],{"className":37,"code":25388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25390,25391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25392,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25394,16964],{"class":111},[44,25396,457],{"class":58},[44,25398,3259],{"class":272},[44,25400,7616],{"class":276},[44,25402,3259],{"class":272},[44,25404,66],{"class":58},[44,25406,3254],{"class":272},[44,25408,9248],{"class":276},[44,25410,3259],{"class":272},[44,25412,466],{"class":58},[20,25414,25415,25416,108],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[394,25417,25418],{"href":17024},[15,25419,17027],{},[420,25421,25423,25424],{"id":25422},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25425,16964],{},[20,25427,25428],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25430,25432],{"className":37,"code":25431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25433,25434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25435,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25437,3856],{"class":58},[44,25439,3259],{"class":272},[44,25441,7616],{"class":276},[44,25443,3259],{"class":272},[44,25445,66],{"class":58},[44,25447,3254],{"class":272},[44,25449,9248],{"class":276},[44,25451,3259],{"class":272},[44,25453,72],{"class":58},[20,25455,25456,25457,25459],{},"But ",[15,25458,17015],{}," returns:",[35,25461,25462],{"className":37,"code":25388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25463,25464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25465,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25467,16964],{"class":111},[44,25469,457],{"class":58},[44,25471,3259],{"class":272},[44,25473,7616],{"class":276},[44,25475,3259],{"class":272},[44,25477,66],{"class":58},[44,25479,3254],{"class":272},[44,25481,9248],{"class":276},[44,25483,3259],{"class":272},[44,25485,466],{"class":58},[20,25487,25488],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25490,25492],{"className":37,"code":25491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25493,25494,25530,25549,25553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25495,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25497,9114],{"class":50},[44,25499,55],{"class":54},[44,25501,10441],{"class":58},[44,25503,273],{"class":272},[44,25505,7616],{"class":276},[44,25507,273],{"class":272},[44,25509,159],{"class":58},[44,25511,284],{"class":272},[44,25513,12830],{"class":276},[44,25515,273],{"class":272},[44,25517,66],{"class":58},[44,25519,284],{"class":272},[44,25521,9248],{"class":276},[44,25523,273],{"class":272},[44,25525,159],{"class":58},[44,25527,7738],{"class":62},[44,25529,9258],{"class":58},[44,25531,25532,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25533,25534],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25536,55],{"class":54},[44,25538,22510],{"class":1458},[44,25540,115],{"class":58},[44,25542,9153],{"class":111},[44,25544,108],{"class":58},[44,25546,16873],{"class":111},[44,25548,7141],{"class":58},[44,25550,25551],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25552,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,25554,25555,25557,25559,25562],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25556,128],{"class":127},[44,25558,115],{"class":58},[44,25560,25561],{"class":111},"key_list",[44,25563,121],{"class":58},[420,25565,25567,25568,25570],{"id":25566},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25569,17015],{}," on a list or string",[20,25572,25573,25575],{},[15,25574,17015],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25577,2795],{},[35,25579,25581],{"className":37,"code":25580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25582,25583,25603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25584,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25586,51],{"class":50},[44,25588,55],{"class":54},[44,25590,59],{"class":58},[44,25592,63],{"class":62},[44,25594,66],{"class":58},[44,25596,69],{"class":62},[44,25598,66],{"class":58},[44,25600,2408],{"class":62},[44,25602,72],{"class":58},[44,25604,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25606,128],{"class":127},[44,25608,115],{"class":58},[44,25610,105],{"class":111},[44,25612,108],{"class":58},[44,25614,16873],{"class":111},[44,25616,7141],{"class":58},[20,25618,25619,25620,25623,25624,25626,25627,108],{},"You may get an ",[15,25621,25622],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25625,17015],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[394,25628,25630,25631,25634],{"href":25629},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25632,25633],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[420,25636,25638],{"id":25637},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25640,25641],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25643,25645],{"className":37,"code":25644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25646,25647,25671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25648,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25650,9114],{"class":50},[44,25652,55],{"class":54},[44,25654,10441],{"class":58},[44,25656,273],{"class":272},[44,25658,7616],{"class":276},[44,25660,273],{"class":272},[44,25662,159],{"class":58},[44,25664,284],{"class":272},[44,25666,12830],{"class":276},[44,25668,273],{"class":272},[44,25670,9258],{"class":58},[44,25672,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25674,128],{"class":127},[44,25676,115],{"class":58},[44,25678,9153],{"class":111},[44,25680,108],{"class":58},[44,25682,16873],{"class":1492},[44,25684,121],{"class":58},[20,25686,25687],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25689,552],{},[35,25691,25693],{"className":37,"code":25692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25694,25695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25696,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25698,128],{"class":127},[44,25700,115],{"class":58},[44,25702,9153],{"class":111},[44,25704,108],{"class":58},[44,25706,16873],{"class":111},[44,25708,7141],{"class":58},[30,25710,2788],{"id":2787},[20,25712,25713,25714,159],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25715,17015],{},[161,25717,25718,25723,25729,25735],{},[164,25719,582,25720,25722],{},[15,25721,17015],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[164,25724,25725,25726,25728],{},"Thinking ",[15,25727,17015],{}," returns values too",[164,25730,25731,25732,25734],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25733,16964],{}," like a normal list",[164,25736,25737,25738,25740],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25739,16964],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25742,25743],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25745,25747],{"className":37,"code":25746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25748,25749,25781,25795,25799,25809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25750,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25752,9114],{"class":50},[44,25754,55],{"class":54},[44,25756,10441],{"class":58},[44,25758,273],{"class":272},[44,25760,394],{"class":276},[44,25762,273],{"class":272},[44,25764,159],{"class":58},[44,25766,5450],{"class":62},[44,25768,66],{"class":58},[44,25770,284],{"class":272},[44,25772,4714],{"class":276},[44,25774,273],{"class":272},[44,25776,159],{"class":58},[44,25778,69],{"class":62},[44,25780,9258],{"class":58},[44,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25784,17191],{"class":50},[44,25786,55],{"class":54},[44,25788,14515],{"class":50},[44,25790,108],{"class":58},[44,25792,16873],{"class":111},[44,25794,8590],{"class":58},[44,25796,25797],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25798,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,25800,25801,25803,25805,25807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25802,128],{"class":127},[44,25804,115],{"class":58},[44,25806,16873],{"class":111},[44,25808,121],{"class":58},[44,25810,25811],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,25812,25813],{"class":140},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25815,25816],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25818,25820],{"className":37,"code":25819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25821,25822,25854,25872,25876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25823,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25825,9114],{"class":50},[44,25827,55],{"class":54},[44,25829,10441],{"class":58},[44,25831,273],{"class":272},[44,25833,394],{"class":276},[44,25835,273],{"class":272},[44,25837,159],{"class":58},[44,25839,5450],{"class":62},[44,25841,66],{"class":58},[44,25843,284],{"class":272},[44,25845,4714],{"class":276},[44,25847,273],{"class":272},[44,25849,159],{"class":58},[44,25851,69],{"class":62},[44,25853,9258],{"class":58},[44,25855,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25857,17191],{"class":50},[44,25859,55],{"class":54},[44,25861,22510],{"class":1458},[44,25863,115],{"class":58},[44,25865,9153],{"class":111},[44,25867,108],{"class":58},[44,25869,16873],{"class":111},[44,25871,7141],{"class":58},[44,25873,25874],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25875,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,25877,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25879,128],{"class":127},[44,25881,115],{"class":58},[44,25883,16873],{"class":111},[44,25885,3856],{"class":58},[44,25887,746],{"class":62},[44,25889,466],{"class":58},[30,25891,25893],{"id":25892},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25895,11063],{},[35,25897,25899],{"className":37,"code":25898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25900,25901,25915,25925,25939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25902,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25904,128],{"class":127},[44,25906,115],{"class":58},[44,25908,1459],{"class":1458},[44,25910,115],{"class":58},[44,25912,11399],{"class":111},[44,25914,637],{"class":58},[44,25916,25917,25919,25921,25923],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,25918,128],{"class":127},[44,25920,115],{"class":58},[44,25922,11399],{"class":111},[44,25924,121],{"class":58},[44,25926,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,25928,128],{"class":127},[44,25930,115],{"class":58},[44,25932,11399],{"class":111},[44,25934,108],{"class":58},[44,25936,16873],{"class":111},[44,25938,7141],{"class":58},[44,25940,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25942,128],{"class":127},[44,25944,115],{"class":58},[44,25946,226],{"class":1458},[44,25948,115],{"class":58},[44,25950,11399],{"class":111},[44,25952,108],{"class":58},[44,25954,16873],{"class":111},[44,25956,6241],{"class":58},[20,25958,25959],{},"These help you confirm:",[161,25961,25962,25965,25968,25973],{},[164,25963,25964],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[164,25966,25967],{},"what data it contains",[164,25969,25970,25971,11655],{},"what ",[15,25972,17015],{},[164,25974,25975],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,25977,1757],{"id":1756},[420,25979,23869,25981,5099],{"id":25980},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25982,17015],{},[20,25984,17371,25985,25987],{},[15,25986,16964],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[420,25989,14851,25991,25994],{"id":25990},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25992,25993],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25996,25997,25998,26000,26001,108],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25999,16964],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26002,26003],{},"list(dict.keys())",[420,26005,26007,26008,1778],{"id":26006},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26009,25993],{},[20,26011,26012,26013,26015],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26014,5909],{}," loop.",[420,26017,26019,26020,26022],{"id":26018},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26021,17015],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26024,26025,26026,26028],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26027,17015],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[420,26030,26032],{"id":26031},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26034,144,26035,108],{},[15,26036,26037],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,26039,1821],{"id":1820},[161,26041,26042,26047,26053,26059,26065,26069],{},[164,26043,26044],{},[394,26045,26046],{"href":9340},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[164,26048,26049],{},[394,26050,10687,26051,574],{"href":17018},[15,26052,17021],{},[164,26054,26055],{},[394,26056,10687,26057,574],{"href":17024},[15,26058,17027],{},[164,26060,26061],{},[394,26062,26064],{"href":26063},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[164,26066,26067],{},[394,26068,17103],{"href":17102},[164,26070,26071],{},[394,26072,26073,26074,25634],{"href":25629},"How to fix ",[15,26075,25633],{},[1872,26077,26078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":26080},[26081,26082,26084,26085,26086,26087,26088,26090,26099,26100,26101,26112],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":24200,"depth":75,"text":26083},"What keys() does",{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":24889,"depth":75,"text":24890},{"id":25045,"depth":75,"text":26089},"When to use keys()",{"id":25307,"depth":75,"text":25308,"children":26091},[26092,26094,26096,26098],{"id":25316,"depth":95,"text":26093},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25422,"depth":95,"text":26095},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25566,"depth":95,"text":26097},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25637,"depth":95,"text":25638},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":25892,"depth":75,"text":25893},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":26102},[26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"id":25980,"depth":95,"text":26104},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25990,"depth":95,"text":26106},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26006,"depth":95,"text":26108},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26018,"depth":95,"text":26110},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26031,"depth":95,"text":26032},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24022,"description":26113},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26119,"title":26120,"body":26121,"description":28393,"extension":1921,"meta":28394,"navigation":98,"path":28395,"seo":28396,"stem":28397,"__hash__":28398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26122,"toc":28346},[26123,26128,26133,26136,26138,26284,26297,26302,26306,26320,26322,26425,26434,26436,26439,26477,26502,26504,26611,26613,26620,26623,26631,26633,26774,26782,26787,26791,26802,26804,26966,26969,26977,26984,26990,27087,27093,27170,27173,27185,27190,27196,27199,27203,27292,27295,27299,27403,27410,27497,27506,27508,27513,27519,27522,27568,27571,27637,27646,27652,27745,27751,27757,27800,27803,27868,27874,27966,27969,27973,27979,28004,28007,28103,28110,28112,28117,28208,28210,28238,28243,28245,28252,28255,28259,28269,28274,28277,28283,28293,28300,28308,28310,28343],[10,26124,11269,26126,18],{"id":26125},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26127,12713],{},[20,26129,26130,26132],{},[15,26131,12520],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26134,26135],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,26137,3570],{"id":3569},[35,26139,26141],{"className":37,"code":26140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26142,26143,26179,26203,26217,26230,26234,26239,26271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26144,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26163,26165,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26146,13155],{"class":50},[44,26148,55],{"class":54},[44,26150,10441],{"class":58},[44,26152,273],{"class":272},[44,26154,7616],{"class":276},[44,26156,273],{"class":272},[44,26158,159],{"class":58},[44,26160,284],{"class":272},[44,26162,12830],{"class":276},[44,26164,273],{"class":272},[44,26166,66],{"class":58},[44,26168,284],{"class":272},[44,26170,9248],{"class":276},[44,26172,273],{"class":272},[44,26174,159],{"class":58},[44,26176,9255],{"class":62},[44,26178,9258],{"class":58},[44,26180,26181,26184,26186,26188,26190,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26182,26183],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,26185,55],{"class":54},[44,26187,13198],{"class":50},[44,26189,108],{"class":58},[44,26191,26192],{"class":111},"pop",[44,26194,115],{"class":58},[44,26196,273],{"class":272},[44,26198,9248],{"class":276},[44,26200,273],{"class":272},[44,26202,121],{"class":58},[44,26204,26205,26207,26209,26212,26214],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,26206,128],{"class":127},[44,26208,115],{"class":58},[44,26210,26211],{"class":111},"removed_age",[44,26213,1476],{"class":58},[44,26215,26216],{"class":140},"   # 25\n",[44,26218,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26220,128],{"class":127},[44,26222,115],{"class":58},[44,26224,17256],{"class":111},[44,26226,1476],{"class":58},[44,26228,26229],{"class":140},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26231,26232],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,26233,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26235,26236],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,26237,26238],{"class":140},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,26240,26241,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26267,26269],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,26242,26243],{"class":50},"country ",[44,26245,55],{"class":54},[44,26247,13198],{"class":50},[44,26249,108],{"class":58},[44,26251,26192],{"class":111},[44,26253,115],{"class":58},[44,26255,273],{"class":272},[44,26257,15210],{"class":276},[44,26259,273],{"class":272},[44,26261,66],{"class":58},[44,26263,284],{"class":272},[44,26265,26266],{"class":276},"Not found",[44,26268,273],{"class":272},[44,26270,121],{"class":58},[44,26272,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,26274,128],{"class":127},[44,26276,115],{"class":58},[44,26278,15210],{"class":111},[44,26280,1476],{"class":58},[44,26282,26283],{"class":140},"       # Not found\n",[20,26285,144,26286,26289,26290,26293,26294,26296],{},[15,26287,26288],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26291,26292],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26295,19637],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26298,151,26300,154],{"id":26299},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26301,12520],{},[20,26303,26304,159],{},[15,26305,12520],{},[161,26307,26308,26311,26314,26317],{},[164,26309,26310],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[164,26312,26313],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[164,26315,26316],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[164,26318,26319],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26321,2164],{},[35,26323,26325],{"className":37,"code":26324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26326,26327,26367,26371,26394,26398,26412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26328,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26330,11438],{"class":50},[44,26332,55],{"class":54},[44,26334,10441],{"class":58},[44,26336,273],{"class":272},[44,26338,7616],{"class":276},[44,26340,273],{"class":272},[44,26342,159],{"class":58},[44,26344,284],{"class":272},[44,26346,13172],{"class":276},[44,26348,273],{"class":272},[44,26350,66],{"class":58},[44,26352,284],{"class":272},[44,26354,10359],{"class":276},[44,26356,273],{"class":272},[44,26358,159],{"class":58},[44,26360,284],{"class":272},[44,26362,10366],{"class":276},[44,26364,273],{"class":272},[44,26366,9258],{"class":58},[44,26368,26369],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26370,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26372,26373,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,26374,26375],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26377,55],{"class":54},[44,26379,11521],{"class":50},[44,26381,108],{"class":58},[44,26383,26192],{"class":111},[44,26385,115],{"class":58},[44,26387,273],{"class":272},[44,26389,10359],{"class":276},[44,26391,273],{"class":272},[44,26393,121],{"class":58},[44,26395,26396],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26397,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26399,26400,26402,26404,26407,26409],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,26401,128],{"class":127},[44,26403,115],{"class":58},[44,26405,26406],{"class":111},"removed_city",[44,26408,1476],{"class":58},[44,26410,26411],{"class":140},"  # Paris\n",[44,26413,26414,26416,26418,26420,26422],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,26415,128],{"class":127},[44,26417,115],{"class":58},[44,26419,11532],{"class":111},[44,26421,1476],{"class":58},[44,26423,26424],{"class":140},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26426,20721,26427,26430,26431,108],{},[15,26428,26429],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26432,26433],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26435,188],{"id":187},[20,26437,26438],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,26440,26442],{"className":37,"code":26441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26443,26444,26458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26445,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26447,11399],{"class":50},[44,26449,108],{"class":58},[44,26451,26192],{"class":111},[44,26453,115],{"class":58},[44,26455,14789],{"class":111},[44,26457,121],{"class":58},[44,26459,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26475],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26461,11399],{"class":50},[44,26463,108],{"class":58},[44,26465,26192],{"class":111},[44,26467,115],{"class":58},[44,26469,14789],{"class":111},[44,26471,66],{"class":58},[44,26473,26474],{"class":111}," default",[44,26476,121],{"class":58},[161,26478,26479,26485,26493,26499],{},[164,26480,26481,26484],{},[15,26482,26483],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[164,26486,26487,26489,26490,26492],{},[15,26488,26483],{}," raises ",[15,26491,19637],{}," if the key is missing",[164,26494,26495,26498],{},[15,26496,26497],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[164,26500,26501],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26503,2164],{},[35,26505,26507],{"className":37,"code":26506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26508,26509,26541,26545,26570,26598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26510,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26512,5017],{"class":50},[44,26514,55],{"class":54},[44,26516,10441],{"class":58},[44,26518,273],{"class":272},[44,26520,18367],{"class":276},[44,26522,273],{"class":272},[44,26524,159],{"class":58},[44,26526,19848],{"class":62},[44,26528,66],{"class":58},[44,26530,284],{"class":272},[44,26532,18376],{"class":276},[44,26534,273],{"class":272},[44,26536,159],{"class":58},[44,26538,1681],{"class":62},[44,26540,9258],{"class":58},[44,26542,26543],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26544,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26546,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,26548,128],{"class":127},[44,26550,115],{"class":58},[44,26552,16338],{"class":111},[44,26554,108],{"class":58},[44,26556,26192],{"class":111},[44,26558,115],{"class":58},[44,26560,273],{"class":272},[44,26562,18367],{"class":276},[44,26564,273],{"class":272},[44,26566,5315],{"class":58},[44,26568,26569],{"class":140},"         # 90\n",[44,26571,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26573,128],{"class":127},[44,26575,115],{"class":58},[44,26577,16338],{"class":111},[44,26579,108],{"class":58},[44,26581,26192],{"class":111},[44,26583,115],{"class":58},[44,26585,273],{"class":272},[44,26587,18385],{"class":276},[44,26589,273],{"class":272},[44,26591,66],{"class":58},[44,26593,3790],{"class":62},[44,26595,5315],{"class":58},[44,26597,20718],{"class":140},[44,26599,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,26601,128],{"class":127},[44,26603,115],{"class":58},[44,26605,16338],{"class":111},[44,26607,1476],{"class":58},[44,26609,26610],{"class":140},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26612,17368],{"id":17367},[20,26614,26615,14002,26617,26619],{},[15,26616,12713],{},[214,26618,4583],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26621,26622],{},"Instead, it returns:",[161,26624,26625,26628],{},[164,26626,26627],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[164,26629,26630],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26632,2164],{},[35,26634,26636],{"className":37,"code":26635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26637,26638,26670,26674,26697,26729,26733,26747,26761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26639,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26641,9114],{"class":50},[44,26643,55],{"class":54},[44,26645,10441],{"class":58},[44,26647,273],{"class":272},[44,26649,394],{"class":276},[44,26651,273],{"class":272},[44,26653,159],{"class":58},[44,26655,5956],{"class":62},[44,26657,66],{"class":58},[44,26659,284],{"class":272},[44,26661,4714],{"class":276},[44,26663,273],{"class":272},[44,26665,159],{"class":58},[44,26667,7738],{"class":62},[44,26669,9258],{"class":58},[44,26671,26672],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26673,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26675,26676,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,26677,26678],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26680,55],{"class":54},[44,26682,14515],{"class":50},[44,26684,108],{"class":58},[44,26686,26192],{"class":111},[44,26688,115],{"class":58},[44,26690,273],{"class":272},[44,26692,394],{"class":276},[44,26694,273],{"class":272},[44,26696,121],{"class":58},[44,26698,26699,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26725,26727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26700,26701],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26703,55],{"class":54},[44,26705,14515],{"class":50},[44,26707,108],{"class":58},[44,26709,26192],{"class":111},[44,26711,115],{"class":58},[44,26713,273],{"class":272},[44,26715,9689],{"class":276},[44,26717,273],{"class":272},[44,26719,66],{"class":58},[44,26721,284],{"class":272},[44,26723,26724],{"class":276},"missing",[44,26726,273],{"class":272},[44,26728,121],{"class":58},[44,26730,26731],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,26732,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26734,26735,26737,26739,26742,26744],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,26736,128],{"class":127},[44,26738,115],{"class":58},[44,26740,26741],{"class":111},"result1",[44,26743,1476],{"class":58},[44,26745,26746],{"class":140},"  # 10\n",[44,26748,26749,26751,26753,26756,26758],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,26750,128],{"class":127},[44,26752,115],{"class":58},[44,26754,26755],{"class":111},"result2",[44,26757,1476],{"class":58},[44,26759,26760],{"class":140},"  # missing\n",[44,26762,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,26764,128],{"class":127},[44,26766,115],{"class":58},[44,26768,9153],{"class":111},[44,26770,1476],{"class":58},[44,26772,26773],{"class":140},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26775,26776,26777,1239],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[394,26778,26779],{"href":10686},[15,26780,26781],{},"dict.get()",[30,26783,1638,26785],{"id":26784},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26786,12713],{},[20,26788,144,26789,10551],{},[15,26790,12713],{},[161,26792,26793,26796,26799],{},[164,26794,26795],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[164,26797,26798],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[164,26800,26801],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26803,2164],{},[35,26805,26807],{"className":37,"code":26806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26808,26809,26861,26865,26892,26896,26920,26924,26938,26952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26810,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26845,26847,26849,26852,26854,26856,26859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26812,25074],{"class":50},[44,26814,55],{"class":54},[44,26816,10441],{"class":58},[44,26818,273],{"class":272},[44,26820,7616],{"class":276},[44,26822,273],{"class":272},[44,26824,159],{"class":58},[44,26826,284],{"class":272},[44,26828,26829],{"class":276},"Laptop",[44,26831,273],{"class":272},[44,26833,66],{"class":58},[44,26835,284],{"class":272},[44,26837,25100],{"class":276},[44,26839,273],{"class":272},[44,26841,159],{"class":58},[44,26843,26844],{"class":62}," 1200",[44,26846,66],{"class":58},[44,26848,284],{"class":272},[44,26850,26851],{"class":276},"discount",[44,26853,273],{"class":272},[44,26855,159],{"class":58},[44,26857,26858],{"class":62}," 200",[44,26860,9258],{"class":58},[44,26862,26863],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,26864,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26866,26867,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,26868,26869],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26871,55],{"class":54},[44,26873,25152],{"class":50},[44,26875,108],{"class":58},[44,26877,26192],{"class":111},[44,26879,115],{"class":58},[44,26881,273],{"class":272},[44,26883,26851],{"class":276},[44,26885,273],{"class":272},[44,26887,66],{"class":58},[44,26889,3790],{"class":62},[44,26891,121],{"class":58},[44,26893,26894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26895,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26897,26898,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,26899,26900],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26902,55],{"class":54},[44,26904,25152],{"class":50},[44,26906,3856],{"class":58},[44,26908,273],{"class":272},[44,26910,25100],{"class":276},[44,26912,273],{"class":272},[44,26914,13224],{"class":58},[44,26916,2179],{"class":54},[44,26918,26919],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26921,26922],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,26923,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,26925,26926,26928,26930,26933,26935],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,26927,128],{"class":127},[44,26929,115],{"class":58},[44,26931,26932],{"class":111},"discount_amount",[44,26934,1476],{"class":58},[44,26936,26937],{"class":140},"  # 200\n",[44,26939,26940,26942,26944,26947,26949],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,26941,128],{"class":127},[44,26943,115],{"class":58},[44,26945,26946],{"class":111},"final_price",[44,26948,1476],{"class":58},[44,26950,26951],{"class":140},"      # 1000\n",[44,26953,26954,26956,26958,26961,26963],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,26955,128],{"class":127},[44,26957,115],{"class":58},[44,26959,26960],{"class":111},"product",[44,26962,1476],{"class":58},[44,26964,26965],{"class":140},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26967,26968],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,26970,26972,408,26974],{"id":26971},"pop-vs-del",[15,26973,12713],{},[15,26975,26976],{},"del",[20,26978,10540,26979,398,26981,26983],{},[15,26980,12713],{},[15,26982,26976],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[420,26985,144,26987,26989],{"id":26986},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26988,12713],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26991,26993],{"className":37,"code":26992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26994,26995,27031,27035,27057,27061,27074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26996,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26998,13155],{"class":50},[44,27000,55],{"class":54},[44,27002,10441],{"class":58},[44,27004,273],{"class":272},[44,27006,7616],{"class":276},[44,27008,273],{"class":272},[44,27010,159],{"class":58},[44,27012,284],{"class":272},[44,27014,12830],{"class":276},[44,27016,273],{"class":272},[44,27018,66],{"class":58},[44,27020,284],{"class":272},[44,27022,9248],{"class":276},[44,27024,273],{"class":272},[44,27026,159],{"class":58},[44,27028,9255],{"class":62},[44,27030,9258],{"class":58},[44,27032,27033],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27034,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27036,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27038,21579],{"class":50},[44,27040,55],{"class":54},[44,27042,13198],{"class":50},[44,27044,108],{"class":58},[44,27046,26192],{"class":111},[44,27048,115],{"class":58},[44,27050,273],{"class":272},[44,27052,9248],{"class":276},[44,27054,273],{"class":272},[44,27056,121],{"class":58},[44,27058,27059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27060,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27062,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27064,128],{"class":127},[44,27066,115],{"class":58},[44,27068,9248],{"class":111},[44,27070,1476],{"class":58},[44,27072,27073],{"class":140},"     # 25\n",[44,27075,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27077,128],{"class":127},[44,27079,115],{"class":58},[44,27081,17256],{"class":111},[44,27083,1476],{"class":58},[44,27085,27086],{"class":140},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[420,27088,144,27090,27092],{"id":27089},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27091,26976],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,27094,27096],{"className":37,"code":27095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27097,27098,27134,27138,27154,27158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27099,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27101,13155],{"class":50},[44,27103,55],{"class":54},[44,27105,10441],{"class":58},[44,27107,273],{"class":272},[44,27109,7616],{"class":276},[44,27111,273],{"class":272},[44,27113,159],{"class":58},[44,27115,284],{"class":272},[44,27117,12830],{"class":276},[44,27119,273],{"class":272},[44,27121,66],{"class":58},[44,27123,284],{"class":272},[44,27125,9248],{"class":276},[44,27127,273],{"class":272},[44,27129,159],{"class":58},[44,27131,9255],{"class":62},[44,27133,9258],{"class":58},[44,27135,27136],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27137,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27139,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27141,26976],{"class":3832},[44,27143,13198],{"class":50},[44,27145,3856],{"class":58},[44,27147,273],{"class":272},[44,27149,9248],{"class":276},[44,27151,273],{"class":272},[44,27153,72],{"class":58},[44,27155,27156],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27157,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27159,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27161,128],{"class":127},[44,27163,115],{"class":58},[44,27165,17256],{"class":111},[44,27167,1476],{"class":58},[44,27169,27086],{"class":140},[20,27171,27172],{},"Difference:",[161,27174,27175,27180],{},[164,27176,27177,27179],{},[15,27178,12713],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[164,27181,27182,27184],{},[15,27183,26976],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27186,27187,27188,108],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[394,27189,12525],{"href":12524},[30,27191,27193,27194],{"id":27192},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27195,19637],{},[20,27197,27198],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[420,27200,27202],{"id":27201},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,27204,27206],{"className":37,"code":27205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27207,27208,27233,27237,27263,27267,27279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27209,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27229,27231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27211,11674],{"class":50},[44,27213,55],{"class":54},[44,27215,10441],{"class":58},[44,27217,273],{"class":272},[44,27219,7616],{"class":276},[44,27221,273],{"class":272},[44,27223,159],{"class":58},[44,27225,284],{"class":272},[44,27227,27228],{"class":276},"Sara",[44,27230,273],{"class":272},[44,27232,9258],{"class":58},[44,27234,27235],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27236,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27238,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27240,2403],{"class":50},[44,27242,55],{"class":54},[44,27244,11716],{"class":50},[44,27246,108],{"class":58},[44,27248,26192],{"class":111},[44,27250,115],{"class":58},[44,27252,273],{"class":272},[44,27254,9248],{"class":276},[44,27256,273],{"class":272},[44,27258,66],{"class":58},[44,27260,3808],{"class":1582},[44,27262,121],{"class":58},[44,27264,27265],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27266,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27268,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27270,128],{"class":127},[44,27272,115],{"class":58},[44,27274,2429],{"class":111},[44,27276,1476],{"class":58},[44,27278,20511],{"class":140},[44,27280,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27282,128],{"class":127},[44,27284,115],{"class":58},[44,27286,11399],{"class":111},[44,27288,1476],{"class":58},[44,27290,27291],{"class":140}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27293,27294],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[420,27296,27298],{"id":27297},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27300,27302],{"className":37,"code":27301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27303,27304,27328,27332,27348,27371,27381,27388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27305,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27307,11674],{"class":50},[44,27309,55],{"class":54},[44,27311,10441],{"class":58},[44,27313,273],{"class":272},[44,27315,7616],{"class":276},[44,27317,273],{"class":272},[44,27319,159],{"class":58},[44,27321,284],{"class":272},[44,27323,27228],{"class":276},[44,27325,273],{"class":272},[44,27327,9258],{"class":58},[44,27329,27330],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27331,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27333,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27335,6944],{"class":3832},[44,27337,284],{"class":272},[44,27339,9248],{"class":276},[44,27341,273],{"class":272},[44,27343,21124],{"class":54},[44,27345,11716],{"class":50},[44,27347,6344],{"class":58},[44,27349,27350,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27351,27352],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27354,55],{"class":54},[44,27356,11716],{"class":50},[44,27358,108],{"class":58},[44,27360,26192],{"class":111},[44,27362,115],{"class":58},[44,27364,273],{"class":272},[44,27366,9248],{"class":276},[44,27368,273],{"class":272},[44,27370,121],{"class":58},[44,27372,27373,27375,27377,27379],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27374,8017],{"class":127},[44,27376,115],{"class":58},[44,27378,2429],{"class":111},[44,27380,121],{"class":58},[44,27382,27383,27386],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27384,27385],{"class":3832},"else",[44,27387,6344],{"class":58},[44,27389,27390,27392,27394,27396,27399,27401],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,27391,8017],{"class":127},[44,27393,115],{"class":58},[44,27395,273],{"class":272},[44,27397,27398],{"class":276},"Key not found",[44,27400,273],{"class":272},[44,27402,121],{"class":58},[420,27404,27406,27407,27409],{"id":27405},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27408,10690],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27411,27413],{"className":37,"code":27412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27414,27415,27439,27443,27469,27473,27485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27416,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27418,11674],{"class":50},[44,27420,55],{"class":54},[44,27422,10441],{"class":58},[44,27424,273],{"class":272},[44,27426,7616],{"class":276},[44,27428,273],{"class":272},[44,27430,159],{"class":58},[44,27432,284],{"class":272},[44,27434,27228],{"class":276},[44,27436,273],{"class":272},[44,27438,9258],{"class":58},[44,27440,27441],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27442,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27444,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27446,2403],{"class":50},[44,27448,55],{"class":54},[44,27450,11716],{"class":50},[44,27452,108],{"class":58},[44,27454,19700],{"class":111},[44,27456,115],{"class":58},[44,27458,273],{"class":272},[44,27460,9248],{"class":276},[44,27462,273],{"class":272},[44,27464,66],{"class":58},[44,27466,3808],{"class":1582},[44,27468,121],{"class":58},[44,27470,27471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27472,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27474,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27476,128],{"class":127},[44,27478,115],{"class":58},[44,27480,2429],{"class":111},[44,27482,1476],{"class":58},[44,27484,20511],{"class":140},[44,27486,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27488,128],{"class":127},[44,27490,115],{"class":58},[44,27492,11399],{"class":111},[44,27494,1476],{"class":58},[44,27496,27291],{"class":140},[20,27498,144,27499,27503,27504,108],{},[394,27500,27501],{"href":10686},[15,27502,26781],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[394,27505,11213],{"href":11024},[30,27507,1083],{"id":1082},[20,27509,27510,27511,108],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27512,12520],{},[420,27514,25725,27516,27518],{"id":27515},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27517,12713],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27520,27521],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27523,27525],{"className":37,"code":27524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27526,27527,27547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27528,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27530,51],{"class":50},[44,27532,55],{"class":54},[44,27534,59],{"class":58},[44,27536,2287],{"class":62},[44,27538,66],{"class":58},[44,27540,7738],{"class":62},[44,27542,66],{"class":58},[44,27544,7743],{"class":62},[44,27546,72],{"class":58},[44,27548,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27550,128],{"class":127},[44,27552,115],{"class":58},[44,27554,105],{"class":111},[44,27556,108],{"class":58},[44,27558,26192],{"class":111},[44,27560,115],{"class":58},[44,27562,63],{"class":62},[44,27564,5315],{"class":58},[44,27566,27567],{"class":140},"  # 20\n",[20,27569,27570],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27572,27574],{"className":37,"code":27573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27575,27576,27612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27579,13155],{"class":50},[44,27581,55],{"class":54},[44,27583,10441],{"class":58},[44,27585,273],{"class":272},[44,27587,7616],{"class":276},[44,27589,273],{"class":272},[44,27591,159],{"class":58},[44,27593,284],{"class":272},[44,27595,12830],{"class":276},[44,27597,273],{"class":272},[44,27599,66],{"class":58},[44,27601,284],{"class":272},[44,27603,9248],{"class":276},[44,27605,273],{"class":272},[44,27607,159],{"class":58},[44,27609,9255],{"class":62},[44,27611,9258],{"class":58},[44,27613,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27615,128],{"class":127},[44,27617,115],{"class":58},[44,27619,17256],{"class":111},[44,27621,108],{"class":58},[44,27623,26192],{"class":111},[44,27625,115],{"class":58},[44,27627,273],{"class":272},[44,27629,9248],{"class":276},[44,27631,273],{"class":272},[44,27633,5315],{"class":58},[44,27635,27636],{"class":140},"  # 25\n",[20,27638,27639,27640,27642,27643,27645],{},"A dictionary does ",[214,27641,4583],{}," use positions with ",[15,27644,12713],{},". It uses keys.",[420,27647,4657,27649,27651],{"id":27648},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27650,12713],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27653,27655],{"className":37,"code":27654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27656,27657,27689,27693,27715,27719,27732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685,27687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27660,9114],{"class":50},[44,27662,55],{"class":54},[44,27664,10441],{"class":58},[44,27666,273],{"class":272},[44,27668,2130],{"class":276},[44,27670,273],{"class":272},[44,27672,159],{"class":58},[44,27674,5450],{"class":62},[44,27676,66],{"class":58},[44,27678,284],{"class":272},[44,27680,11695],{"class":276},[44,27682,273],{"class":272},[44,27684,159],{"class":58},[44,27686,69],{"class":62},[44,27688,9258],{"class":58},[44,27690,27691],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27692,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27694,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27696,2403],{"class":50},[44,27698,55],{"class":54},[44,27700,14515],{"class":50},[44,27702,108],{"class":58},[44,27704,26192],{"class":111},[44,27706,115],{"class":58},[44,27708,273],{"class":272},[44,27710,2130],{"class":276},[44,27712,273],{"class":272},[44,27714,121],{"class":58},[44,27716,27717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27718,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27720,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27722,128],{"class":127},[44,27724,115],{"class":58},[44,27726,2429],{"class":111},[44,27728,1476],{"class":58},[44,27730,27731],{"class":140},"  # 1\n",[44,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27735,128],{"class":127},[44,27737,115],{"class":58},[44,27739,9153],{"class":111},[44,27741,1476],{"class":58},[44,27743,27744],{"class":140},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27746,27747,27748,27750],{},"After ",[15,27749,12713],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[420,27752,582,27754,27756],{"id":27753},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27755,12713],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27758,27760],{"className":37,"code":27759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27761,27762,27786,27790,27795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27765,9114],{"class":50},[44,27767,55],{"class":54},[44,27769,10441],{"class":58},[44,27771,273],{"class":272},[44,27773,7616],{"class":276},[44,27775,273],{"class":272},[44,27777,159],{"class":58},[44,27779,284],{"class":272},[44,27781,7869],{"class":276},[44,27783,273],{"class":272},[44,27785,9258],{"class":58},[44,27787,27788],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27789,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27791,27792],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27793,27794],{"class":140},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27796,27797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27798,27799],{"class":140},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27801,27802],{},"Safer version:",[35,27804,27806],{"className":37,"code":27805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27807,27808,27832,27836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27809,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27811,9114],{"class":50},[44,27813,55],{"class":54},[44,27815,10441],{"class":58},[44,27817,273],{"class":272},[44,27819,7616],{"class":276},[44,27821,273],{"class":272},[44,27823,159],{"class":58},[44,27825,284],{"class":272},[44,27827,7869],{"class":276},[44,27829,273],{"class":272},[44,27831,9258],{"class":58},[44,27833,27834],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27835,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27837,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27839,128],{"class":127},[44,27841,115],{"class":58},[44,27843,9153],{"class":111},[44,27845,108],{"class":58},[44,27847,26192],{"class":111},[44,27849,115],{"class":58},[44,27851,273],{"class":272},[44,27853,9248],{"class":276},[44,27855,273],{"class":272},[44,27857,66],{"class":58},[44,27859,284],{"class":272},[44,27861,26724],{"class":276},[44,27863,273],{"class":272},[44,27865,5315],{"class":58},[44,27867,26760],{"class":140},[420,27869,8399,27871,27873],{"id":27870},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27872,12713],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27875,27877],{"className":37,"code":27876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27878,27879,27911,27915,27937,27941,27953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27880,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27882,9114],{"class":50},[44,27884,55],{"class":54},[44,27886,10441],{"class":58},[44,27888,273],{"class":272},[44,27890,394],{"class":276},[44,27892,273],{"class":272},[44,27894,159],{"class":58},[44,27896,5450],{"class":62},[44,27898,66],{"class":58},[44,27900,284],{"class":272},[44,27902,4714],{"class":276},[44,27904,273],{"class":272},[44,27906,159],{"class":58},[44,27908,69],{"class":62},[44,27910,9258],{"class":58},[44,27912,27913],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,27914,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27916,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,27918,911],{"class":50},[44,27920,55],{"class":54},[44,27922,14515],{"class":50},[44,27924,108],{"class":58},[44,27926,26192],{"class":111},[44,27928,115],{"class":58},[44,27930,273],{"class":272},[44,27932,394],{"class":276},[44,27934,273],{"class":272},[44,27936,121],{"class":58},[44,27938,27939],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27940,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,27942,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,27944,128],{"class":127},[44,27946,115],{"class":58},[44,27948,943],{"class":111},[44,27950,1476],{"class":58},[44,27952,27731],{"class":140},[44,27954,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,27956,128],{"class":127},[44,27958,115],{"class":58},[44,27960,9153],{"class":111},[44,27962,1476],{"class":58},[44,27964,27965],{"class":140},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27967,27968],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,27970,27972],{"id":27971},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27974,27975,27976,27978],{},"Problems with ",[15,27977,12520],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[161,27980,27981,27984,27993,27996],{},[164,27982,27983],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[164,27985,27986,27987,27990,27991],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27988,27989],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27992,26288],{},[164,27994,27995],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[164,27997,27998,27999,11042,28001],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28000,63],{},[15,28002,28003],{},"\"1\"",[20,28005,28006],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,28008,28010],{"className":37,"code":28009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28011,28012,28036,28040,28070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28013,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28015,9114],{"class":50},[44,28017,55],{"class":54},[44,28019,10441],{"class":58},[44,28021,273],{"class":272},[44,28023,63],{"class":276},[44,28025,273],{"class":272},[44,28027,159],{"class":58},[44,28029,284],{"class":272},[44,28031,6532],{"class":276},[44,28033,273],{"class":272},[44,28035,9258],{"class":58},[44,28037,28038],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28039,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,28041,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054,28056,28058,28060,28063,28065,28067],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,28043,128],{"class":127},[44,28045,115],{"class":58},[44,28047,9153],{"class":111},[44,28049,108],{"class":58},[44,28051,26192],{"class":111},[44,28053,115],{"class":58},[44,28055,63],{"class":62},[44,28057,66],{"class":58},[44,28059,284],{"class":272},[44,28061,28062],{"class":276},"not found",[44,28064,273],{"class":272},[44,28066,5315],{"class":58},[44,28068,28069],{"class":140},"    # not found\n",[44,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28073,128],{"class":127},[44,28075,115],{"class":58},[44,28077,9153],{"class":111},[44,28079,108],{"class":58},[44,28081,26192],{"class":111},[44,28083,115],{"class":58},[44,28085,273],{"class":272},[44,28087,63],{"class":276},[44,28089,273],{"class":272},[44,28091,66],{"class":58},[44,28093,284],{"class":272},[44,28095,28062],{"class":276},[44,28097,273],{"class":272},[44,28099,5315],{"class":58},[44,28101,28102],{"class":140},"  # one\n",[20,28104,28105,398,28107,28109],{},[15,28106,63],{},[15,28108,28003],{}," are different keys.",[30,28111,8820],{"id":8819},[20,28113,8823,28114,28116],{},[15,28115,12713],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,28118,28120],{"className":37,"code":28119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28121,28122,28132,28146,28164,28194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28123,28124,28126,28128,28130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28125,128],{"class":127},[44,28127,115],{"class":58},[44,28129,11399],{"class":111},[44,28131,121],{"class":58},[44,28133,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28135,128],{"class":127},[44,28137,115],{"class":58},[44,28139,11399],{"class":111},[44,28141,108],{"class":58},[44,28143,16873],{"class":111},[44,28145,7141],{"class":58},[44,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,28149,128],{"class":127},[44,28151,115],{"class":58},[44,28153,3259],{"class":272},[44,28155,7616],{"class":276},[44,28157,3259],{"class":272},[44,28159,21124],{"class":3832},[44,28161,11716],{"class":111},[44,28163,121],{"class":58},[44,28165,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28167,128],{"class":127},[44,28169,115],{"class":58},[44,28171,11399],{"class":111},[44,28173,108],{"class":58},[44,28175,26192],{"class":111},[44,28177,115],{"class":58},[44,28179,3259],{"class":272},[44,28181,7616],{"class":276},[44,28183,3259],{"class":272},[44,28185,66],{"class":58},[44,28187,3254],{"class":272},[44,28189,26724],{"class":276},[44,28191,3259],{"class":272},[44,28193,637],{"class":58},[44,28195,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,28197,128],{"class":127},[44,28199,115],{"class":58},[44,28201,1459],{"class":1458},[44,28203,115],{"class":58},[44,28205,11399],{"class":111},[44,28207,637],{"class":58},[20,28209,21287],{},[161,28211,28212,28217,28222,28227,28233],{},[164,28213,28214,28216],{},[15,28215,12630],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[164,28218,28219,28221],{},[15,28220,21299],{}," shows all available keys",[164,28223,28224,28226],{},[15,28225,21305],{}," checks whether a key exists",[164,28228,28229,28232],{},[15,28230,28231],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[164,28234,28235,28237],{},[15,28236,12636],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28239,28240,28241,108],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[394,28242,9341],{"href":9340},[30,28244,1757],{"id":1756},[420,28246,28248,28249,28251],{"id":28247},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28250,12713],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28253,28254],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[420,28256,28258],{"id":28257},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28260,28261,26489,28263,28265,28266,28268],{},[15,28262,26288],{},[15,28264,19637],{},". ",[15,28267,26292],{}," returns the default value instead.",[420,28270,1761,28272,14844],{"id":28271},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28273,12713],{},[20,28275,28276],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[420,28278,1790,28280,28282],{"id":28279},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28281,12713],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28284,28285,28286,28288,28289,108],{},"Not with ",[15,28287,12520],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[394,28290,28291],{"href":12531},[15,28292,12720],{},[420,28294,1773,28296,398,28298,1778],{"id":28295},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28297,10690],{},[15,28299,12713],{},[20,28301,28302,28304,28305,28307],{},[15,28303,10690],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28306,12713],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28309,1821],{"id":1820},[161,28311,28312,28318,28325,28329,28333,28337],{},[164,28313,28314],{},[394,28315,28316],{"href":10686},[15,28317,19618],{},[164,28319,28320],{},[394,28321,28322],{"href":12531},[15,28323,28324],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[164,28326,28327],{},[394,28328,12736],{"href":12524},[164,28330,28331],{},[394,28332,21408],{"href":16546},[164,28334,28335],{},[394,28336,11213],{"href":11024},[164,28338,28339],{},[394,28340,28342],{"href":28341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1872,28344,28345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":28347},[28348,28349,28351,28352,28353,28355,28362,28369,28379,28380,28381,28392],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":26299,"depth":75,"text":28350},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":26784,"depth":75,"text":28354},"When to use pop()",{"id":26971,"depth":75,"text":28356,"children":28357},"pop() vs del",[28358,28360],{"id":26986,"depth":95,"text":28359},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27089,"depth":95,"text":28361},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27192,"depth":75,"text":28363,"children":28364},"How to avoid KeyError",[28365,28366,28367],{"id":27201,"depth":95,"text":27202},{"id":27297,"depth":95,"text":27298},{"id":27405,"depth":95,"text":28368},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":28370},[28371,28373,28375,28377],{"id":27515,"depth":95,"text":28372},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27648,"depth":95,"text":28374},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27753,"depth":95,"text":28376},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27870,"depth":95,"text":28378},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27971,"depth":75,"text":27972},{"id":8819,"depth":75,"text":8820},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":28382},[28383,28385,28386,28388,28390],{"id":28247,"depth":95,"text":28384},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28257,"depth":95,"text":28258},{"id":28271,"depth":95,"text":28387},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28279,"depth":95,"text":28389},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28295,"depth":95,"text":28391},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26120,"description":28393},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28400,"title":28324,"body":28401,"description":30341,"extension":1921,"meta":30342,"navigation":98,"path":30343,"seo":30344,"stem":30345,"__hash__":30346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28402,"toc":30305},[28403,28408,28413,28416,28424,28434,28436,28525,28529,28578,28583,28588,28592,28608,28611,28613,28628,28630,28646,28653,28657,28663,28672,28674,28743,28747,28768,28771,28790,28793,28816,28818,28821,28936,28940,28999,29006,29010,29016,29141,29145,29195,29198,29202,29209,29211,29274,29278,29299,29302,29311,29326,29334,29341,29345,29357,29361,29372,29374,29520,29524,29583,29590,29595,29599,29605,29628,29633,29652,29656,29727,29734,29807,29816,29821,29826,29837,29840,29977,29982,30014,30019,30021,30025,30085,30088,30145,30148,30191,30193,30198,30204,30210,30213,30220,30228,30233,30236,30243,30251,30253,30302],[10,28404,11269,28406,18],{"id":28405},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28407,12720],{},[20,28409,1938,28410,28412],{},[15,28411,12720],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28414,28415],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[161,28417,28418,28421],{},[164,28419,28420],{},"remove an item",[164,28422,28423],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28425,28426,28427,28429,28430,28433],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28428,12720],{}," removes the ",[214,28431,28432],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28435,33],{"id":32},[35,28437,28439],{"className":37,"code":28438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28440,28441,28485,28501,28505,28515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28442,28443,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28444,9114],{"class":50},[44,28446,55],{"class":54},[44,28448,10441],{"class":58},[44,28450,273],{"class":272},[44,28452,394],{"class":276},[44,28454,273],{"class":272},[44,28456,159],{"class":58},[44,28458,5450],{"class":62},[44,28460,66],{"class":58},[44,28462,284],{"class":272},[44,28464,4714],{"class":276},[44,28466,273],{"class":272},[44,28468,159],{"class":58},[44,28470,69],{"class":62},[44,28472,66],{"class":58},[44,28474,284],{"class":272},[44,28476,9689],{"class":276},[44,28478,273],{"class":272},[44,28480,159],{"class":58},[44,28482,2408],{"class":62},[44,28484,9258],{"class":58},[44,28486,28487,28490,28492,28494,28496,28499],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28488,28489],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28491,55],{"class":54},[44,28493,14515],{"class":50},[44,28495,108],{"class":58},[44,28497,28498],{"class":111},"popitem",[44,28500,8590],{"class":58},[44,28502,28503],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,28504,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,28506,28507,28509,28511,28513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28508,128],{"class":127},[44,28510,115],{"class":58},[44,28512,23261],{"class":111},[44,28514,121],{"class":58},[44,28516,28517,28519,28521,28523],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,28518,128],{"class":127},[44,28520,115],{"class":58},[44,28522,9153],{"class":111},[44,28524,121],{"class":58},[20,28526,28527],{},[214,28528,2028],{},[35,28530,28532],{"className":37,"code":28531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28533,28534,28550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28535,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546,28548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28537,115],{"class":58},[44,28539,3259],{"class":272},[44,28541,9689],{"class":276},[44,28543,3259],{"class":272},[44,28545,66],{"class":58},[44,28547,2408],{"class":62},[44,28549,121],{"class":58},[44,28551,28552,28554,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28553,9227],{"class":58},[44,28555,3259],{"class":272},[44,28557,394],{"class":276},[44,28559,3259],{"class":272},[44,28561,159],{"class":58},[44,28563,5450],{"class":62},[44,28565,66],{"class":58},[44,28567,3254],{"class":272},[44,28569,4714],{"class":276},[44,28571,3259],{"class":272},[44,28573,159],{"class":58},[44,28575,69],{"class":62},[44,28577,9258],{"class":58},[20,28579,28580,28582],{},[15,28581,12720],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28584,151,28586,154],{"id":28585},"what-popitem-does",[15,28587,12720],{},[20,28589,28590,159],{},[15,28591,12720],{},[161,28593,28594,28597,28602,28605],{},[164,28595,28596],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[164,28598,28599,28600],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28601,21606],{},[164,28603,28604],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[164,28606,28607],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28609,28610],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28612,188],{"id":187},[35,28614,28616],{"className":37,"code":28615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28617,28618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28619,28620,28622,28624,28626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28621,15553],{"class":50},[44,28623,108],{"class":58},[44,28625,28498],{"class":111},[44,28627,8590],{"class":58},[20,28629,11408],{},[161,28631,28632,28640,28643],{},[164,28633,28634,28636,28637],{},[15,28635,12720],{}," takes ",[214,28638,28639],{},"no arguments",[164,28641,28642],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[164,28644,28645],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28647,28648,28649,1239],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[394,28650,28651],{"href":12517},[15,28652,12713],{},[30,28654,28656],{"id":28655},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28658,28659,28660,28662],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28661,12720],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28664,28665,28666,28669],"ol",{},[164,28667,28668],{},"the key",[164,28670,28671],{},"the value",[20,28673,2164],{},[35,28675,28677],{"className":37,"code":28676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28678,28679,28715,28729,28733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28680,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709,28711,28713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28682,13155],{"class":50},[44,28684,55],{"class":54},[44,28686,10441],{"class":58},[44,28688,273],{"class":272},[44,28690,7616],{"class":276},[44,28692,273],{"class":272},[44,28694,159],{"class":58},[44,28696,284],{"class":272},[44,28698,4957],{"class":276},[44,28700,273],{"class":272},[44,28702,66],{"class":58},[44,28704,284],{"class":272},[44,28706,9248],{"class":276},[44,28708,273],{"class":272},[44,28710,159],{"class":58},[44,28712,9255],{"class":62},[44,28714,9258],{"class":58},[44,28716,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28718,911],{"class":50},[44,28720,55],{"class":54},[44,28722,13198],{"class":50},[44,28724,108],{"class":58},[44,28726,28498],{"class":111},[44,28728,8590],{"class":58},[44,28730,28731],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,28732,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,28734,28735,28737,28739,28741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28736,128],{"class":127},[44,28738,115],{"class":58},[44,28740,943],{"class":111},[44,28742,121],{"class":58},[20,28744,28745],{},[214,28746,2028],{},[35,28748,28750],{"className":37,"code":28749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28751,28752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28755,115],{"class":58},[44,28757,3259],{"class":272},[44,28759,9248],{"class":276},[44,28761,3259],{"class":272},[44,28763,66],{"class":58},[44,28765,9255],{"class":62},[44,28767,121],{"class":58},[20,28769,28770],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28772,28774],{"className":37,"code":28773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28775,28776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28777,28778,28780,28782,28784,28786,28788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28779,911],{"class":50},[44,28781,55],{"class":54},[44,28783,13198],{"class":50},[44,28785,108],{"class":58},[44,28787,28498],{"class":111},[44,28789,8590],{"class":58},[20,28791,28792],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28794,28796],{"className":37,"code":28795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28797,28798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28799,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28801,14789],{"class":50},[44,28803,66],{"class":58},[44,28805,21535],{"class":50},[44,28807,55],{"class":54},[44,28809,13198],{"class":50},[44,28811,108],{"class":58},[44,28813,28498],{"class":111},[44,28815,8590],{"class":58},[30,28817,11425],{"id":11424},[20,28819,28820],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28822,28824],{"className":37,"code":28823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28825,28826,28874,28878,28893,28897,28917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28827,28828,28830,28832,28834,28836,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28858,28860,28862,28865,28867,28869,28872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28829,5017],{"class":50},[44,28831,55],{"class":54},[44,28833,10441],{"class":58},[44,28835,273],{"class":272},[44,28837,28838],{"class":276},"Tom",[44,28840,273],{"class":272},[44,28842,159],{"class":58},[44,28844,5029],{"class":62},[44,28846,66],{"class":58},[44,28848,284],{"class":272},[44,28850,12830],{"class":276},[44,28852,273],{"class":272},[44,28854,159],{"class":58},[44,28856,28857],{"class":62}," 95",[44,28859,66],{"class":58},[44,28861,284],{"class":272},[44,28863,28864],{"class":276},"Leo",[44,28866,273],{"class":272},[44,28868,159],{"class":58},[44,28870,28871],{"class":62}," 88",[44,28873,9258],{"class":58},[44,28875,28876],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28877,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,28879,28880,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,28881,28882],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28884,55],{"class":54},[44,28886,5064],{"class":50},[44,28888,108],{"class":58},[44,28890,28498],{"class":111},[44,28892,8590],{"class":58},[44,28894,28895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28896,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,28898,28899,28901,28903,28905,28908,28910,28912,28915],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,28900,128],{"class":127},[44,28902,115],{"class":58},[44,28904,273],{"class":272},[44,28906,28907],{"class":276},"Removed:",[44,28909,273],{"class":272},[44,28911,66],{"class":58},[44,28913,28914],{"class":111}," removed_pair",[44,28916,121],{"class":58},[44,28918,28919,28921,28923,28925,28928,28930,28932,28934],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,28920,128],{"class":127},[44,28922,115],{"class":58},[44,28924,273],{"class":272},[44,28926,28927],{"class":276},"After removal:",[44,28929,273],{"class":272},[44,28931,66],{"class":58},[44,28933,5064],{"class":111},[44,28935,121],{"class":58},[20,28937,28938],{},[214,28939,2028],{},[35,28941,28943],{"className":37,"code":28942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28944,28945,28966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28946,28947,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28948,28949],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28951,159],{"class":58},[44,28953,9185],{"class":58},[44,28955,3259],{"class":272},[44,28957,28864],{"class":276},[44,28959,3259],{"class":272},[44,28961,66],{"class":58},[44,28963,28871],{"class":62},[44,28965,121],{"class":58},[44,28967,28968,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,28969,28970],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28972,159],{"class":58},[44,28974,10441],{"class":58},[44,28976,3259],{"class":272},[44,28978,28838],{"class":276},[44,28980,3259],{"class":272},[44,28982,159],{"class":58},[44,28984,5029],{"class":62},[44,28986,66],{"class":58},[44,28988,3254],{"class":272},[44,28990,12830],{"class":276},[44,28992,3259],{"class":272},[44,28994,159],{"class":58},[44,28996,28857],{"class":62},[44,28998,9258],{"class":58},[20,29000,29001,29002,29005],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29003,29004],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,29007,29009],{"id":29008},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29011,29012,29013,29015],{},"Because ",[15,29014,12720],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,29017,29019],{"className":37,"code":29018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29020,29021,29057,29061,29080,29084,29103,29122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29022,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29024,15396],{"class":50},[44,29026,55],{"class":54},[44,29028,10441],{"class":58},[44,29030,273],{"class":272},[44,29032,15407],{"class":276},[44,29034,273],{"class":272},[44,29036,159],{"class":58},[44,29038,284],{"class":272},[44,29040,15416],{"class":276},[44,29042,273],{"class":272},[44,29044,66],{"class":58},[44,29046,284],{"class":272},[44,29048,15427],{"class":276},[44,29050,273],{"class":272},[44,29052,159],{"class":58},[44,29054,26858],{"class":62},[44,29056,9258],{"class":58},[44,29058,29059],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29060,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29062,29063,29065,29067,29069,29071,29074,29076,29078],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29064,14789],{"class":50},[44,29066,66],{"class":58},[44,29068,21535],{"class":50},[44,29070,55],{"class":54},[44,29072,29073],{"class":50}," book",[44,29075,108],{"class":58},[44,29077,28498],{"class":111},[44,29079,8590],{"class":58},[44,29081,29082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29083,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29085,29086,29088,29090,29092,29095,29097,29099,29101],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,29087,128],{"class":127},[44,29089,115],{"class":58},[44,29091,273],{"class":272},[44,29093,29094],{"class":276},"Key:",[44,29096,273],{"class":272},[44,29098,66],{"class":58},[44,29100,21530],{"class":111},[44,29102,121],{"class":58},[44,29104,29105,29107,29109,29111,29114,29116,29118,29120],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,29106,128],{"class":127},[44,29108,115],{"class":58},[44,29110,273],{"class":272},[44,29112,29113],{"class":276},"Value:",[44,29115,273],{"class":272},[44,29117,66],{"class":58},[44,29119,8379],{"class":111},[44,29121,121],{"class":58},[44,29123,29124,29126,29128,29130,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,29125,128],{"class":127},[44,29127,115],{"class":58},[44,29129,273],{"class":272},[44,29131,29132],{"class":276},"Dictionary:",[44,29134,273],{"class":272},[44,29136,66],{"class":58},[44,29138,29073],{"class":111},[44,29140,121],{"class":58},[20,29142,29143],{},[214,29144,2028],{},[35,29146,29148],{"className":37,"code":29147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29149,29150,29160,29170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29151,29152,29155,29157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29153,29154],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29156,159],{"class":58},[44,29158,29159],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29161,29162,29165,29167],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29163,29164],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29166,159],{"class":58},[44,29168,29169],{"class":62}," 200\n",[44,29171,29172,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29173,29174],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29176,159],{"class":58},[44,29178,10441],{"class":58},[44,29180,3259],{"class":272},[44,29182,15407],{"class":276},[44,29184,3259],{"class":272},[44,29186,159],{"class":58},[44,29188,3254],{"class":272},[44,29190,15416],{"class":276},[44,29192,3259],{"class":272},[44,29194,9258],{"class":58},[20,29196,29197],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29199,29201],{"id":29200},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29203,29204,29205,28429,29207,108],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29206,12720],{},[214,29208,28432],{},[20,29210,2164],{},[35,29212,29214],{"className":37,"code":29213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29215,29216,29260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29217,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29219,9114],{"class":50},[44,29221,55],{"class":54},[44,29223,10441],{"class":58},[44,29225,273],{"class":272},[44,29227,2130],{"class":276},[44,29229,273],{"class":272},[44,29231,159],{"class":58},[44,29233,5450],{"class":62},[44,29235,66],{"class":58},[44,29237,284],{"class":272},[44,29239,11695],{"class":276},[44,29241,273],{"class":272},[44,29243,159],{"class":58},[44,29245,69],{"class":62},[44,29247,66],{"class":58},[44,29249,284],{"class":272},[44,29251,22028],{"class":276},[44,29253,273],{"class":272},[44,29255,159],{"class":58},[44,29257,2408],{"class":62},[44,29259,9258],{"class":58},[44,29261,29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29263,128],{"class":127},[44,29265,115],{"class":58},[44,29267,9153],{"class":111},[44,29269,108],{"class":58},[44,29271,28498],{"class":111},[44,29273,7141],{"class":58},[20,29275,29276],{},[214,29277,2028],{},[35,29279,29281],{"className":37,"code":29280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29282,29283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29284,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29286,115],{"class":58},[44,29288,3259],{"class":272},[44,29290,22028],{"class":276},[44,29292,3259],{"class":272},[44,29294,66],{"class":58},[44,29296,2408],{"class":62},[44,29298,121],{"class":58},[20,29300,29301],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29303,29304,29305,29307,29308,29310],{},"As a beginner, do ",[214,29306,4583],{}," think of ",[15,29309,12720],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29312,29313,29314,798,29318,802,29322,108],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[394,29315,29316],{"href":17024},[15,29317,17027],{},[394,29319,29320],{"href":17012},[15,29321,17015],{},[394,29323,29324],{"href":17018},[15,29325,17021],{},[30,29327,29329,29330,398,29332],{"id":29328},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29331,12720],{},[15,29333,12713],{},[20,29335,29336,398,29338,29340],{},[15,29337,12720],{},[15,29339,12713],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[420,29342,29343],{"id":28498},[15,29344,12720],{},[161,29346,29347,29350,29353],{},[164,29348,29349],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[164,29351,29352],{},"does not need a key argument",[164,29354,3650,29355],{},[15,29356,21606],{},[420,29358,29359],{"id":26192},[15,29360,12713],{},[161,29362,29363,29366,29369],{},[164,29364,29365],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[164,29367,29368],{},"needs the key name",[164,29370,29371],{},"returns only the value",[20,29373,2164],{},[35,29375,29377],{"className":37,"code":29376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29378,29379,29423,29427,29441,29461,29465,29487,29506,29510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29380,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29382,9114],{"class":50},[44,29384,55],{"class":54},[44,29386,10441],{"class":58},[44,29388,273],{"class":272},[44,29390,394],{"class":276},[44,29392,273],{"class":272},[44,29394,159],{"class":58},[44,29396,5450],{"class":62},[44,29398,66],{"class":58},[44,29400,284],{"class":272},[44,29402,4714],{"class":276},[44,29404,273],{"class":272},[44,29406,159],{"class":58},[44,29408,69],{"class":62},[44,29410,66],{"class":58},[44,29412,284],{"class":272},[44,29414,9689],{"class":276},[44,29416,273],{"class":272},[44,29418,159],{"class":58},[44,29420,2408],{"class":62},[44,29422,9258],{"class":58},[44,29424,29425],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29426,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29428,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29430,28489],{"class":50},[44,29432,55],{"class":54},[44,29434,14515],{"class":50},[44,29436,108],{"class":58},[44,29438,28498],{"class":111},[44,29440,8590],{"class":58},[44,29442,29443,29445,29447,29449,29452,29454,29456,29459],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29444,128],{"class":127},[44,29446,115],{"class":58},[44,29448,273],{"class":272},[44,29450,29451],{"class":276},"popitem():",[44,29453,273],{"class":272},[44,29455,66],{"class":58},[44,29457,29458],{"class":111}," item",[44,29460,121],{"class":58},[44,29462,29463],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,29464,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479,29481,29483,29485],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,29468,2403],{"class":50},[44,29470,55],{"class":54},[44,29472,14515],{"class":50},[44,29474,108],{"class":58},[44,29476,26192],{"class":111},[44,29478,115],{"class":58},[44,29480,273],{"class":272},[44,29482,394],{"class":276},[44,29484,273],{"class":272},[44,29486,121],{"class":58},[44,29488,29489,29491,29493,29495,29498,29500,29502,29504],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,29490,128],{"class":127},[44,29492,115],{"class":58},[44,29494,273],{"class":272},[44,29496,29497],{"class":276},"pop('a'):",[44,29499,273],{"class":272},[44,29501,66],{"class":58},[44,29503,8379],{"class":111},[44,29505,121],{"class":58},[44,29507,29508],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,29509,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29511,29512,29514,29516,29518],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,29513,128],{"class":127},[44,29515,115],{"class":58},[44,29517,9153],{"class":111},[44,29519,121],{"class":58},[20,29521,29522],{},[214,29523,2028],{},[35,29525,29527],{"className":37,"code":29526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29528,29529,29550,29567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29530,29531,29533,29536,29538,29540,29542,29544,29546,29548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29532,28498],{"class":111},[44,29534,29535],{"class":58},"():",[44,29537,9185],{"class":58},[44,29539,3259],{"class":272},[44,29541,9689],{"class":276},[44,29543,3259],{"class":272},[44,29545,66],{"class":58},[44,29547,2408],{"class":62},[44,29549,121],{"class":58},[44,29551,29552,29554,29556,29558,29560,29562,29564],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29553,26192],{"class":111},[44,29555,115],{"class":58},[44,29557,3259],{"class":272},[44,29559,394],{"class":276},[44,29561,3259],{"class":272},[44,29563,16401],{"class":58},[44,29565,29566],{"class":62}," 1\n",[44,29568,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29570,9227],{"class":58},[44,29572,3259],{"class":272},[44,29574,4714],{"class":276},[44,29576,3259],{"class":272},[44,29578,159],{"class":58},[44,29580,69],{"class":62},[44,29582,9258],{"class":58},[20,29584,144,29585,29589],{},[394,29586,29587],{"href":12517},[15,29588,12713],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29591,144,29592,29594],{},[15,29593,12720],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29596,29598],{"id":29597},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29600,29601,29602,29604],{},"Calling ",[15,29603,12720],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29606,29608],{"className":37,"code":29607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29609,29610,29618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29611,29612,29614,29616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29613,9114],{"class":50},[44,29615,55],{"class":54},[44,29617,9788],{"class":58},[44,29619,29620,29622,29624,29626],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29621,9153],{"class":50},[44,29623,108],{"class":58},[44,29625,28498],{"class":111},[44,29627,8590],{"class":58},[20,29629,29630],{},[214,29631,29632],{},"Error:",[35,29634,29636],{"className":37,"code":29635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29637,29638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29639,29640,29642,29644,29646,29649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29641,19637],{"class":1458},[44,29643,159],{"class":58},[44,29645,3254],{"class":272},[44,29647,29648],{"class":276},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29650,29651],{"class":272},"'\n",[420,29653,29655],{"id":29654},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29657,29659],{"className":37,"code":29658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29660,29661,29669,29673,29681,29696,29706,29712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29662,29663,29665,29667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29664,9114],{"class":50},[44,29666,55],{"class":54},[44,29668,9788],{"class":58},[44,29670,29671],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29672,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29674,29675,29677,29679],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29676,6944],{"class":3832},[44,29678,14515],{"class":50},[44,29680,6344],{"class":58},[44,29682,29683,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29684,29685],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29687,55],{"class":54},[44,29689,14515],{"class":50},[44,29691,108],{"class":58},[44,29693,28498],{"class":111},[44,29695,8590],{"class":58},[44,29697,29698,29700,29702,29704],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,29699,8017],{"class":127},[44,29701,115],{"class":58},[44,29703,23261],{"class":111},[44,29705,121],{"class":58},[44,29707,29708,29710],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,29709,27385],{"class":3832},[44,29711,6344],{"class":58},[44,29713,29714,29716,29718,29720,29723,29725],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,29715,8017],{"class":127},[44,29717,115],{"class":58},[44,29719,273],{"class":272},[44,29721,29722],{"class":276},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29724,273],{"class":272},[44,29726,121],{"class":58},[420,29728,29730,29731],{"id":29729},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29732,29733],{},"try-except",[35,29735,29737],{"className":37,"code":29736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29738,29739,29747,29751,29758,29772,29782,29792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29740,29741,29743,29745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29742,9114],{"class":50},[44,29744,55],{"class":54},[44,29746,9788],{"class":58},[44,29748,29749],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29750,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29752,29753,29756],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29754,29755],{"class":3832},"try",[44,29757,6344],{"class":58},[44,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766,29768,29770],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29761,29685],{"class":50},[44,29763,55],{"class":54},[44,29765,14515],{"class":50},[44,29767,108],{"class":58},[44,29769,28498],{"class":111},[44,29771,8590],{"class":58},[44,29773,29774,29776,29778,29780],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,29775,8017],{"class":127},[44,29777,115],{"class":58},[44,29779,23261],{"class":111},[44,29781,121],{"class":58},[44,29783,29784,29787,29790],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,29785,29786],{"class":3832},"except",[44,29788,29789],{"class":1458}," KeyError",[44,29791,6344],{"class":58},[44,29793,29794,29796,29798,29800,29803,29805],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,29795,8017],{"class":127},[44,29797,115],{"class":58},[44,29799,273],{"class":272},[44,29801,29802],{"class":276},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29804,273],{"class":272},[44,29806,121],{"class":58},[20,29808,29809,29810,108],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[394,29811,25630,29813],{"href":29812},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29814,29815],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29817,1638,29819],{"id":29818},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29820,12720],{},[20,29822,29823,29825],{},[15,29824,12720],{}," is useful when:",[161,29827,29828,29831,29834],{},[164,29829,29830],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[164,29832,29833],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[164,29835,29836],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29838,29839],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29841,29843],{"className":37,"code":29842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29844,29845,29854,29874,29894,29912,29916,29920,29930,29949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29846,29847,29850,29852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29848,29849],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29851,55],{"class":54},[44,29853,11443],{"class":58},[44,29855,29856,29858,29861,29863,29865,29867,29870,29872],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29857,11448],{"class":272},[44,29859,29860],{"class":276},"first",[44,29862,273],{"class":272},[44,29864,159],{"class":58},[44,29866,284],{"class":272},[44,29868,29869],{"class":276},"wash dishes",[44,29871,273],{"class":272},[44,29873,11464],{"class":58},[44,29875,29876,29878,29881,29883,29885,29887,29890,29892],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,29877,11448],{"class":272},[44,29879,29880],{"class":276},"second",[44,29882,273],{"class":272},[44,29884,159],{"class":58},[44,29886,284],{"class":272},[44,29888,29889],{"class":276},"do homework",[44,29891,273],{"class":272},[44,29893,11464],{"class":58},[44,29895,29896,29898,29901,29903,29905,29907,29910],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29897,11448],{"class":272},[44,29899,29900],{"class":276},"third",[44,29902,273],{"class":272},[44,29904,159],{"class":58},[44,29906,284],{"class":272},[44,29908,29909],{"class":276},"read book",[44,29911,3318],{"class":272},[44,29913,29914],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,29915,9258],{"class":58},[44,29917,29918],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,29919,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,29921,29922,29925,29928],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,29923,29924],{"class":3832},"while",[44,29926,29927],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29929,6344],{"class":58},[44,29931,29932,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,29933,29934],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29936,66],{"class":58},[44,29938,21535],{"class":50},[44,29940,55],{"class":54},[44,29942,29927],{"class":50},[44,29944,108],{"class":58},[44,29946,28498],{"class":111},[44,29948,8590],{"class":58},[44,29950,29951,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961,29963,29965,29967,29969,29971,29973,29975],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,29952,8017],{"class":127},[44,29954,115],{"class":58},[44,29956,22245],{"class":2022},[44,29958,273],{"class":276},[44,29960,9227],{"class":62},[44,29962,14789],{"class":111},[44,29964,22254],{"class":62},[44,29966,22257],{"class":276},[44,29968,9227],{"class":62},[44,29970,2429],{"class":111},[44,29972,22254],{"class":62},[44,29974,273],{"class":276},[44,29976,121],{"class":58},[20,29978,29979],{},[214,29980,29981],{},"Possible output:",[35,29983,29985],{"className":37,"code":29984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29986,29987,29996,30005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29988,29989,29991,29993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29990,29900],{"class":50},[44,29992,159],{"class":58},[44,29994,29995],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29997,29998,30000,30002],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,29999,29880],{"class":50},[44,30001,159],{"class":58},[44,30003,30004],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,30006,30007,30009,30011],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30008,29860],{"class":50},[44,30010,159],{"class":58},[44,30012,30013],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,30015,29012,30016,30018],{},[15,30017,12720],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,30020,2788],{"id":2787},[20,30022,1086,30023,159],{},[15,30024,12720],{},[161,30026,30027,30041,30060,30071],{},[164,30028,30029,30034],{},[214,30030,29601,30031,30033],{},[15,30032,12720],{}," on an empty dictionary",[161,30035,30036],{},[164,30037,30038,30039,108],{},"This raises ",[15,30040,19637],{},[164,30042,30043,30048],{},[214,30044,8399,30045,30047],{},[15,30046,12720],{}," to remove a specific key",[161,30049,30050,30053],{},[164,30051,30052],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[164,30054,144,30055,30059],{},[394,30056,30057],{"href":12517},[15,30058,12713],{}," if you need that.",[164,30061,30062,30066],{},[214,30063,4657,30064,27651],{},[15,30065,12720],{},[161,30067,30068],{},[164,30069,30070],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[164,30072,30073,30076],{},[214,30074,30075],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[161,30077,30078],{},[164,30079,30080,21926,30082,30084],{},[15,30081,12720],{},[15,30083,21606],{}," tuple.",[20,30086,30087],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,30089,30091],{"className":37,"code":30090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30092,30093,30103,30117,30121,30135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30094,30095,30097,30099,30101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30096,128],{"class":127},[44,30098,115],{"class":58},[44,30100,11399],{"class":111},[44,30102,121],{"class":58},[44,30104,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30106,128],{"class":127},[44,30108,115],{"class":58},[44,30110,11112],{"class":127},[44,30112,115],{"class":58},[44,30114,11399],{"class":111},[44,30116,637],{"class":58},[44,30118,30119],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30120,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,30122,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30124,28489],{"class":50},[44,30126,55],{"class":54},[44,30128,11716],{"class":50},[44,30130,108],{"class":58},[44,30132,28498],{"class":111},[44,30134,8590],{"class":58},[44,30136,30137,30139,30141,30143],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,30138,128],{"class":127},[44,30140,115],{"class":58},[44,30142,23261],{"class":111},[44,30144,121],{"class":58},[20,30146,30147],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30149,30151],{"className":37,"code":30150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30152,30153,30171,30181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30154,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30156,14789],{"class":50},[44,30158,66],{"class":58},[44,30160,21535],{"class":50},[44,30162,55],{"class":54},[44,30164,11716],{"class":50},[44,30166,108],{"class":58},[44,30168,28498],{"class":111},[44,30170,8590],{"class":58},[44,30172,30173,30175,30177,30179],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30174,128],{"class":127},[44,30176,115],{"class":58},[44,30178,14789],{"class":111},[44,30180,121],{"class":58},[44,30182,30183,30185,30187,30189],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30184,128],{"class":127},[44,30186,115],{"class":58},[44,30188,2429],{"class":111},[44,30190,121],{"class":58},[30,30192,1757],{"id":1756},[420,30194,5096,30196,5099],{"id":30195},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30197,12720],{},[20,30199,30200,30201,108],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30202,30203],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[420,30205,1761,30207,30209],{"id":30206},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30208,12720],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30211,30212],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[420,30214,30216,30217,30219],{"id":30215},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30218,12720],{}," removes?",[20,30221,30222,30223,30227],{},"No. Use ",[394,30224,30225],{"href":12517},[15,30226,12713],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[420,30229,1761,30231,14844],{"id":30230},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30232,12720],{},[20,30234,30235],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[420,30237,30239,30240,30242],{"id":30238},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30241,12720],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30244,30245,30246,30248,30249,108],{},"It raises ",[15,30247,19637],{}," with the message ",[15,30250,29648],{},[30,30252,1821],{"id":1820},[161,30254,30255,30262,30268,30274,30280,30287,30291,30295],{},[164,30256,30257],{},[394,30258,30259,30261],{"href":12517},[15,30260,12713],{}," method for dictionaries",[164,30263,30264],{},[394,30265,30266,30261],{"href":17024},[15,30267,17027],{},[164,30269,30270],{},[394,30271,30272,30261],{"href":17012},[15,30273,17015],{},[164,30275,30276],{},[394,30277,30278,30261],{"href":17018},[15,30279,17021],{},[164,30281,30282],{},[394,30283,30285,30261],{"href":30284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30286,11272],{},[164,30288,30289],{},[394,30290,12736],{"href":12524},[164,30292,30293],{},[394,30294,21408],{"href":16546},[164,30296,30297],{},[394,30298,30299,30300],{"href":29812},"Fix ",[15,30301,29815],{},[1872,30303,30304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":30306},[30307,30308,30310,30311,30312,30313,30314,30315,30320,30325,30327,30328,30340],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":28585,"depth":75,"text":30309},"What popitem() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":28655,"depth":75,"text":28656},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":29008,"depth":75,"text":29009},{"id":29200,"depth":75,"text":29201},{"id":29328,"depth":75,"text":30316,"children":30317},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30318,30319],{"id":28498,"depth":95,"text":12720},{"id":26192,"depth":95,"text":12713},{"id":29597,"depth":75,"text":29598,"children":30321},[30322,30323],{"id":29654,"depth":95,"text":29655},{"id":29729,"depth":95,"text":30324},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29818,"depth":75,"text":30326},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":30329},[30330,30332,30334,30336,30338],{"id":30195,"depth":95,"text":30331},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30206,"depth":95,"text":30333},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30215,"depth":95,"text":30335},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30230,"depth":95,"text":30337},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30238,"depth":95,"text":30339},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28324,"description":30341},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30348,"title":30349,"body":30350,"description":32251,"extension":1921,"meta":32252,"navigation":98,"path":13981,"seo":32253,"stem":32254,"__hash__":32255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30351,"toc":32223},[30352,30357,30362,30365,30367,30463,30468,30473,30478,30481,30489,30492,30507,30509,30609,30611,30668,30672,30674,30677,30697,30702,30713,30716,30743,30746,30748,30805,30807,30828,30834,30839,30842,30853,30855,30963,30965,31018,31020,31032,31039,31045,31050,31053,31141,31143,31188,31191,31199,31202,31205,31274,31277,31280,31284,31287,31358,31360,31413,31416,31419,31422,31437,31440,31452,31455,31518,31520,31526,31528,31530,31609,31611,31652,31654,31719,31721,31758,31763,31768,31772,31786,31789,31912,31914,31999,32004,32006,32010,32032,32035,32114,32117,32136,32141,32143,32149,32154,32160,32163,32169,32172,32178,32183,32189,32195,32197,32220],[10,30353,11269,30355,18],{"id":30354},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30356,14902],{},[20,30358,1938,30359,30361],{},[15,30360,14902],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30363,30364],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30366,33],{"id":32},[35,30368,30370],{"className":37,"code":30369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30371,30372,30408,30448,30458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30373,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30375,13155],{"class":50},[44,30377,55],{"class":54},[44,30379,10441],{"class":58},[44,30381,273],{"class":272},[44,30383,7616],{"class":276},[44,30385,273],{"class":272},[44,30387,159],{"class":58},[44,30389,284],{"class":272},[44,30391,12830],{"class":276},[44,30393,273],{"class":272},[44,30395,66],{"class":58},[44,30397,284],{"class":272},[44,30399,9248],{"class":276},[44,30401,273],{"class":272},[44,30403,159],{"class":58},[44,30405,7738],{"class":62},[44,30407,9258],{"class":58},[44,30409,30410,30412,30414,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30411,17256],{"class":50},[44,30413,108],{"class":58},[44,30415,30416],{"class":111},"update",[44,30418,842],{"class":58},[44,30420,273],{"class":272},[44,30422,9248],{"class":276},[44,30424,273],{"class":272},[44,30426,159],{"class":58},[44,30428,30429],{"class":62}," 21",[44,30431,66],{"class":58},[44,30433,284],{"class":272},[44,30435,10359],{"class":276},[44,30437,273],{"class":272},[44,30439,159],{"class":58},[44,30441,284],{"class":272},[44,30443,15980],{"class":276},[44,30445,273],{"class":272},[44,30447,851],{"class":58},[44,30449,30450,30452,30454,30456],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30451,128],{"class":127},[44,30453,115],{"class":58},[44,30455,17256],{"class":111},[44,30457,121],{"class":58},[44,30459,30460],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30461,30462],{"class":140},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30464,144,30465,30467],{},[15,30466,14902],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30469,151,30471,154],{"id":30470},"what-update-does",[15,30472,14902],{},[20,30474,30475,30477],{},[15,30476,14902],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30479,30480],{},"It can do two main things:",[161,30482,30483,30486],{},[164,30484,30485],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[164,30487,30488],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30490,30491],{},"Important things to know:",[161,30493,30494,30497,30500,30504],{},[164,30495,30496],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[164,30498,30499],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[164,30501,5102,30502],{},[15,30503,178],{},[164,30505,30506],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30508,2164],{},[35,30510,30512],{"className":37,"code":30511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30513,30514,30556,30599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30515,30516,30518,30520,30522,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30552,30554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30517,12813],{"class":50},[44,30519,55],{"class":54},[44,30521,10441],{"class":58},[44,30523,273],{"class":272},[44,30525,7616],{"class":276},[44,30527,273],{"class":272},[44,30529,159],{"class":58},[44,30531,284],{"class":272},[44,30533,30534],{"class":276},"Mira",[44,30536,273],{"class":272},[44,30538,66],{"class":58},[44,30540,284],{"class":272},[44,30542,19841],{"class":276},[44,30544,273],{"class":272},[44,30546,159],{"class":58},[44,30548,284],{"class":272},[44,30550,30551],{"class":276},"B",[44,30553,273],{"class":272},[44,30555,9258],{"class":58},[44,30557,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30595,30597],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30559,13574],{"class":50},[44,30561,108],{"class":58},[44,30563,30416],{"class":111},[44,30565,842],{"class":58},[44,30567,273],{"class":272},[44,30569,19841],{"class":276},[44,30571,273],{"class":272},[44,30573,159],{"class":58},[44,30575,284],{"class":272},[44,30577,22196],{"class":276},[44,30579,273],{"class":272},[44,30581,66],{"class":58},[44,30583,284],{"class":272},[44,30585,10359],{"class":276},[44,30587,273],{"class":272},[44,30589,159],{"class":58},[44,30591,284],{"class":272},[44,30593,30594],{"class":276},"Quito",[44,30596,273],{"class":272},[44,30598,851],{"class":58},[44,30600,30601,30603,30605,30607],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30602,128],{"class":127},[44,30604,115],{"class":58},[44,30606,13574],{"class":111},[44,30608,121],{"class":58},[20,30610,2028],{},[35,30612,30614],{"className":37,"code":30613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30615,30616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30617,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30619,9227],{"class":58},[44,30621,3259],{"class":272},[44,30623,7616],{"class":276},[44,30625,3259],{"class":272},[44,30627,159],{"class":58},[44,30629,3254],{"class":272},[44,30631,30534],{"class":276},[44,30633,3259],{"class":272},[44,30635,66],{"class":58},[44,30637,3254],{"class":272},[44,30639,19841],{"class":276},[44,30641,3259],{"class":272},[44,30643,159],{"class":58},[44,30645,3254],{"class":272},[44,30647,22196],{"class":276},[44,30649,3259],{"class":272},[44,30651,66],{"class":58},[44,30653,3254],{"class":272},[44,30655,10359],{"class":276},[44,30657,3259],{"class":272},[44,30659,159],{"class":58},[44,30661,3254],{"class":272},[44,30663,30594],{"class":276},[44,30665,3259],{"class":272},[44,30667,9258],{"class":58},[20,30669,9100,30670,108],{},[394,30671,24579],{"href":9340},[30,30673,188],{"id":187},[20,30675,30676],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30678,30680],{"className":37,"code":30679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30681,30682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30683,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30685,15553],{"class":50},[44,30687,108],{"class":58},[44,30689,30416],{"class":111},[44,30691,115],{"class":58},[44,30693,30694],{"class":111},"other",[44,30696,121],{"class":58},[20,30698,30699,30701],{},[15,30700,30694],{}," can be:",[161,30703,30704,30707,30710],{},[164,30705,30706],{},"Another dictionary",[164,30708,30709],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[164,30711,30712],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30714,30715],{},"You can also use:",[35,30717,30719],{"className":37,"code":30718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30720,30721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30722,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30724,15553],{"class":50},[44,30726,108],{"class":58},[44,30728,30416],{"class":111},[44,30730,115],{"class":58},[44,30732,7616],{"class":9124},[44,30734,55],{"class":54},[44,30736,273],{"class":272},[44,30738,7625],{"class":276},[44,30740,273],{"class":272},[44,30742,121],{"class":58},[20,30744,30745],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30747,2164],{},[35,30749,30751],{"className":37,"code":30750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30752,30753,30773,30795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30754,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765,30767,30769,30771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30756,9114],{"class":50},[44,30758,55],{"class":54},[44,30760,10441],{"class":58},[44,30762,273],{"class":272},[44,30764,394],{"class":276},[44,30766,273],{"class":272},[44,30768,159],{"class":58},[44,30770,5450],{"class":62},[44,30772,9258],{"class":58},[44,30774,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30776,9153],{"class":50},[44,30778,108],{"class":58},[44,30780,30416],{"class":111},[44,30782,842],{"class":58},[44,30784,273],{"class":272},[44,30786,394],{"class":276},[44,30788,273],{"class":272},[44,30790,159],{"class":58},[44,30792,5956],{"class":62},[44,30794,851],{"class":58},[44,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30798,128],{"class":127},[44,30800,115],{"class":58},[44,30802,9153],{"class":111},[44,30804,121],{"class":58},[20,30806,2028],{},[35,30808,30810],{"className":37,"code":30809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30811,30812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30813,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30815,9227],{"class":58},[44,30817,3259],{"class":272},[44,30819,394],{"class":276},[44,30821,3259],{"class":272},[44,30823,159],{"class":58},[44,30825,5956],{"class":62},[44,30827,9258],{"class":58},[30,30829,582,30831,30833],{"id":30830},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30832,14902],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30835,30836,30837,108],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30838,14902],{},[20,30840,30841],{},"It is useful when:",[161,30843,30844,30847,30850],{},[164,30845,30846],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[164,30848,30849],{},"Adding extra settings",[164,30851,30852],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30854,2164],{},[35,30856,30858],{"className":37,"code":30857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30859,30860,30897,30934,30938,30953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30861,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30863,13774],{"class":50},[44,30865,55],{"class":54},[44,30867,10441],{"class":58},[44,30869,273],{"class":272},[44,30871,12445],{"class":276},[44,30873,273],{"class":272},[44,30875,159],{"class":58},[44,30877,284],{"class":272},[44,30879,20878],{"class":276},[44,30881,273],{"class":272},[44,30883,66],{"class":58},[44,30885,284],{"class":272},[44,30887,13799],{"class":276},[44,30889,273],{"class":272},[44,30891,159],{"class":58},[44,30893,30894],{"class":62}," 12",[44,30896,9258],{"class":58},[44,30898,30899,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,30900,30901],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30903,55],{"class":54},[44,30905,10441],{"class":58},[44,30907,273],{"class":272},[44,30909,13799],{"class":276},[44,30911,273],{"class":272},[44,30913,159],{"class":58},[44,30915,13806],{"class":62},[44,30917,66],{"class":58},[44,30919,284],{"class":272},[44,30921,20073],{"class":276},[44,30923,273],{"class":272},[44,30925,159],{"class":58},[44,30927,284],{"class":272},[44,30929,20107],{"class":276},[44,30931,273],{"class":272},[44,30933,9258],{"class":58},[44,30935,30936],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,30937,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,30939,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30941,13833],{"class":50},[44,30943,108],{"class":58},[44,30945,30416],{"class":111},[44,30947,115],{"class":58},[44,30949,30950],{"class":111},"new_settings",[44,30952,121],{"class":58},[44,30954,30955,30957,30959,30961],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,30956,128],{"class":127},[44,30958,115],{"class":58},[44,30960,13833],{"class":111},[44,30962,121],{"class":58},[20,30964,2028],{},[35,30966,30968],{"className":37,"code":30967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30969,30970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30973,9227],{"class":58},[44,30975,3259],{"class":272},[44,30977,12445],{"class":276},[44,30979,3259],{"class":272},[44,30981,159],{"class":58},[44,30983,3254],{"class":272},[44,30985,20878],{"class":276},[44,30987,3259],{"class":272},[44,30989,66],{"class":58},[44,30991,3254],{"class":272},[44,30993,13799],{"class":276},[44,30995,3259],{"class":272},[44,30997,159],{"class":58},[44,30999,13806],{"class":62},[44,31001,66],{"class":58},[44,31003,3254],{"class":272},[44,31005,20073],{"class":276},[44,31007,3259],{"class":272},[44,31009,159],{"class":58},[44,31011,3254],{"class":272},[44,31013,20107],{"class":276},[44,31015,3259],{"class":272},[44,31017,9258],{"class":58},[20,31019,13360],{},[161,31021,31022,31027],{},[164,31023,31024,31026],{},[15,31025,13799],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[164,31028,31029,31031],{},[15,31030,20073],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31033,31034,31035,108],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[394,31036,31038],{"href":31037},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,31040,582,31042,31044],{"id":31041},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31043,14902],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31046,31047,31049],{},[15,31048,14902],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31051,31052],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,31054,31056],{"className":37,"code":31055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31057,31058,31078,31113,31117,31131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31059,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31061,5017],{"class":50},[44,31063,55],{"class":54},[44,31065,10441],{"class":58},[44,31067,273],{"class":272},[44,31069,18367],{"class":276},[44,31071,273],{"class":272},[44,31073,159],{"class":58},[44,31075,19848],{"class":62},[44,31077,9258],{"class":58},[44,31079,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31105,31107,31109,31111],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31081,9164],{"class":50},[44,31083,55],{"class":54},[44,31085,9169],{"class":58},[44,31087,273],{"class":272},[44,31089,18376],{"class":276},[44,31091,273],{"class":272},[44,31093,66],{"class":58},[44,31095,1681],{"class":62},[44,31097,9182],{"class":58},[44,31099,9185],{"class":58},[44,31101,273],{"class":272},[44,31103,31104],{"class":276},"english",[44,31106,273],{"class":272},[44,31108,66],{"class":58},[44,31110,28871],{"class":62},[44,31112,9198],{"class":58},[44,31114,31115],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31116,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31118,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31120,16338],{"class":50},[44,31122,108],{"class":58},[44,31124,30416],{"class":111},[44,31126,115],{"class":58},[44,31128,9211],{"class":111},[44,31130,121],{"class":58},[44,31132,31133,31135,31137,31139],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,31134,128],{"class":127},[44,31136,115],{"class":58},[44,31138,16338],{"class":111},[44,31140,121],{"class":58},[20,31142,2028],{},[35,31144,31146],{"className":37,"code":31145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31147,31148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31149,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31151,9227],{"class":58},[44,31153,3259],{"class":272},[44,31155,18367],{"class":276},[44,31157,3259],{"class":272},[44,31159,159],{"class":58},[44,31161,19848],{"class":62},[44,31163,66],{"class":58},[44,31165,3254],{"class":272},[44,31167,18376],{"class":276},[44,31169,3259],{"class":272},[44,31171,159],{"class":58},[44,31173,1681],{"class":62},[44,31175,66],{"class":58},[44,31177,3254],{"class":272},[44,31179,31104],{"class":276},[44,31181,3259],{"class":272},[44,31183,159],{"class":58},[44,31185,28871],{"class":62},[44,31187,9258],{"class":58},[20,31189,31190],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[161,31192,31193,31196],{},[164,31194,31195],{},"The key",[164,31197,31198],{},"The value",[20,31200,31201],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31203,31204],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,31206,31208],{"className":37,"code":31207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31209,31210,31230,31255,31259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31211,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31213,9114],{"class":50},[44,31215,55],{"class":54},[44,31217,10441],{"class":58},[44,31219,273],{"class":272},[44,31221,394],{"class":276},[44,31223,273],{"class":272},[44,31225,159],{"class":58},[44,31227,5450],{"class":62},[44,31229,9258],{"class":58},[44,31231,31232,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31233,31234],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,31236,55],{"class":54},[44,31238,9169],{"class":58},[44,31240,273],{"class":272},[44,31242,4714],{"class":276},[44,31244,273],{"class":272},[44,31246,66],{"class":58},[44,31248,69],{"class":62},[44,31250,66],{"class":58},[44,31252,2408],{"class":62},[44,31254,9198],{"class":58},[44,31256,31257],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31258,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31260,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269,31272],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31262,9153],{"class":50},[44,31264,108],{"class":58},[44,31266,30416],{"class":111},[44,31268,115],{"class":58},[44,31270,31271],{"class":111},"bad_pairs",[44,31273,121],{"class":58},[20,31275,31276],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31278,31279],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,31281,31283],{"id":31282},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31285,31286],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31288,31290],{"className":37,"code":31289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31291,31292,31316,31348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31293,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31295,11438],{"class":50},[44,31297,55],{"class":54},[44,31299,10441],{"class":58},[44,31301,273],{"class":272},[44,31303,7616],{"class":276},[44,31305,273],{"class":272},[44,31307,159],{"class":58},[44,31309,284],{"class":272},[44,31311,28864],{"class":276},[44,31313,273],{"class":272},[44,31315,9258],{"class":58},[44,31317,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31337,31339,31341,31344,31346],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31319,11532],{"class":50},[44,31321,108],{"class":58},[44,31323,30416],{"class":111},[44,31325,115],{"class":58},[44,31327,9248],{"class":9124},[44,31329,55],{"class":54},[44,31331,9142],{"class":62},[44,31333,66],{"class":58},[44,31335,31336],{"class":9124}," city",[44,31338,55],{"class":54},[44,31340,273],{"class":272},[44,31342,31343],{"class":276},"Madrid",[44,31345,273],{"class":272},[44,31347,121],{"class":58},[44,31349,31350,31352,31354,31356],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31351,128],{"class":127},[44,31353,115],{"class":58},[44,31355,11532],{"class":111},[44,31357,121],{"class":58},[20,31359,2028],{},[35,31361,31363],{"className":37,"code":31362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31364,31365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31366,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31368,9227],{"class":58},[44,31370,3259],{"class":272},[44,31372,7616],{"class":276},[44,31374,3259],{"class":272},[44,31376,159],{"class":58},[44,31378,3254],{"class":272},[44,31380,28864],{"class":276},[44,31382,3259],{"class":272},[44,31384,66],{"class":58},[44,31386,3254],{"class":272},[44,31388,9248],{"class":276},[44,31390,3259],{"class":272},[44,31392,159],{"class":58},[44,31394,9255],{"class":62},[44,31396,66],{"class":58},[44,31398,3254],{"class":272},[44,31400,10359],{"class":276},[44,31402,3259],{"class":272},[44,31404,159],{"class":58},[44,31406,3254],{"class":272},[44,31408,31343],{"class":276},[44,31410,3259],{"class":272},[44,31412,9258],{"class":58},[20,31414,31415],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31417,31418],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31420,31421],{},"These work:",[161,31423,31424,31428,31432],{},[164,31425,31426],{},[15,31427,9248],{},[164,31429,31430],{},[15,31431,10359],{},[164,31433,31434],{},[15,31435,31436],{},"first_name",[20,31438,31439],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[161,31441,31442,31447],{},[164,31443,31444],{},[15,31445,31446],{},"\"first name\"",[164,31448,31449],{},[15,31450,31451],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31453,31454],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31456,31458],{"className":37,"code":31457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31459,31460,31468,31508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31461,31462,31464,31466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31463,11438],{"class":50},[44,31465,55],{"class":54},[44,31467,9788],{"class":58},[44,31469,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31499,31501,31503,31506],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31471,11532],{"class":50},[44,31473,108],{"class":58},[44,31475,30416],{"class":111},[44,31477,842],{"class":58},[44,31479,273],{"class":272},[44,31481,10463],{"class":276},[44,31483,273],{"class":272},[44,31485,159],{"class":58},[44,31487,284],{"class":272},[44,31489,28864],{"class":276},[44,31491,273],{"class":272},[44,31493,66],{"class":58},[44,31495,284],{"class":272},[44,31497,31498],{"class":276},"user-id",[44,31500,273],{"class":272},[44,31502,159],{"class":58},[44,31504,31505],{"class":62}," 1001",[44,31507,851],{"class":58},[44,31509,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31511,128],{"class":127},[44,31513,115],{"class":58},[44,31515,11532],{"class":111},[44,31517,121],{"class":58},[30,31519,17368],{"id":17367},[20,31521,31522,877,31524,108],{},[15,31523,14902],{},[15,31525,178],{},[20,31527,13997],{},[20,31529,24659],{},[35,31531,31533],{"className":37,"code":31532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31534,31535,31559,31585,31589,31599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31536,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31538,13155],{"class":50},[44,31540,55],{"class":54},[44,31542,10441],{"class":58},[44,31544,273],{"class":272},[44,31546,7616],{"class":276},[44,31548,273],{"class":272},[44,31550,159],{"class":58},[44,31552,284],{"class":272},[44,31554,12830],{"class":276},[44,31556,273],{"class":272},[44,31558,9258],{"class":58},[44,31560,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31562,911],{"class":50},[44,31564,55],{"class":54},[44,31566,13198],{"class":50},[44,31568,108],{"class":58},[44,31570,30416],{"class":111},[44,31572,842],{"class":58},[44,31574,273],{"class":272},[44,31576,9248],{"class":276},[44,31578,273],{"class":272},[44,31580,159],{"class":58},[44,31582,7738],{"class":62},[44,31584,851],{"class":58},[44,31586,31587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31588,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31590,31591,31593,31595,31597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31592,128],{"class":127},[44,31594,115],{"class":58},[44,31596,943],{"class":111},[44,31598,121],{"class":58},[44,31600,31601,31603,31605,31607],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,31602,128],{"class":127},[44,31604,115],{"class":58},[44,31606,17256],{"class":111},[44,31608,121],{"class":58},[20,31610,2028],{},[35,31612,31614],{"className":37,"code":31613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31615,31616,31620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31617,31618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31619,11758],{"class":1582},[44,31621,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31623,9227],{"class":58},[44,31625,3259],{"class":272},[44,31627,7616],{"class":276},[44,31629,3259],{"class":272},[44,31631,159],{"class":58},[44,31633,3254],{"class":272},[44,31635,12830],{"class":276},[44,31637,3259],{"class":272},[44,31639,66],{"class":58},[44,31641,3254],{"class":272},[44,31643,9248],{"class":276},[44,31645,3259],{"class":272},[44,31647,159],{"class":58},[44,31649,7738],{"class":62},[44,31651,9258],{"class":58},[20,31653,16605],{},[35,31655,31657],{"className":37,"code":31656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31658,31659,31683,31705,31709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31660,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31662,13155],{"class":50},[44,31664,55],{"class":54},[44,31666,10441],{"class":58},[44,31668,273],{"class":272},[44,31670,7616],{"class":276},[44,31672,273],{"class":272},[44,31674,159],{"class":58},[44,31676,284],{"class":272},[44,31678,12830],{"class":276},[44,31680,273],{"class":272},[44,31682,9258],{"class":58},[44,31684,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31686,17256],{"class":50},[44,31688,108],{"class":58},[44,31690,30416],{"class":111},[44,31692,842],{"class":58},[44,31694,273],{"class":272},[44,31696,9248],{"class":276},[44,31698,273],{"class":272},[44,31700,159],{"class":58},[44,31702,7738],{"class":62},[44,31704,851],{"class":58},[44,31706,31707],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31708,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31710,31711,31713,31715,31717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31712,128],{"class":127},[44,31714,115],{"class":58},[44,31716,17256],{"class":111},[44,31718,121],{"class":58},[20,31720,2028],{},[35,31722,31724],{"className":37,"code":31723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31725,31726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31727,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31729,9227],{"class":58},[44,31731,3259],{"class":272},[44,31733,7616],{"class":276},[44,31735,3259],{"class":272},[44,31737,159],{"class":58},[44,31739,3254],{"class":272},[44,31741,12830],{"class":276},[44,31743,3259],{"class":272},[44,31745,66],{"class":58},[44,31747,3254],{"class":272},[44,31749,9248],{"class":276},[44,31751,3259],{"class":272},[44,31753,159],{"class":58},[44,31755,7738],{"class":62},[44,31757,9258],{"class":58},[20,31759,31760,31761,108],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[394,31762,17854],{"href":10681},[30,31764,1638,31766],{"id":31765},"when-to-use-update",[15,31767,14902],{},[20,31769,144,31770,10551],{},[15,31771,14902],{},[161,31773,31774,31777,31780,31783],{},[164,31775,31776],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[164,31778,31779],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[164,31781,31782],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[164,31784,31785],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31787,31788],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31790,31792],{"className":37,"code":31791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31793,31794,31830,31845,31849,31888,31892,31902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31797,12036],{"class":50},[44,31799,55],{"class":54},[44,31801,10441],{"class":58},[44,31803,273],{"class":272},[44,31805,7616],{"class":276},[44,31807,273],{"class":272},[44,31809,159],{"class":58},[44,31811,284],{"class":272},[44,31813,12830],{"class":276},[44,31815,273],{"class":272},[44,31817,66],{"class":58},[44,31819,284],{"class":272},[44,31821,9248],{"class":276},[44,31823,273],{"class":272},[44,31825,159],{"class":58},[44,31827,7738],{"class":62},[44,31829,9258],{"class":58},[44,31831,31832,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31833,31834],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31836,55],{"class":54},[44,31838,12111],{"class":50},[44,31840,108],{"class":58},[44,31842,12861],{"class":111},[44,31844,8590],{"class":58},[44,31846,31847],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,31848,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31850,31851,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,31852,31853],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31855,108],{"class":58},[44,31857,30416],{"class":111},[44,31859,842],{"class":58},[44,31861,273],{"class":272},[44,31863,9248],{"class":276},[44,31865,273],{"class":272},[44,31867,159],{"class":58},[44,31869,30429],{"class":62},[44,31871,66],{"class":58},[44,31873,284],{"class":272},[44,31875,10359],{"class":276},[44,31877,273],{"class":272},[44,31879,159],{"class":58},[44,31881,284],{"class":272},[44,31883,15980],{"class":276},[44,31885,273],{"class":272},[44,31887,851],{"class":58},[44,31889,31890],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,31891,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,31893,31894,31896,31898,31900],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,31895,128],{"class":127},[44,31897,115],{"class":58},[44,31899,12083],{"class":111},[44,31901,121],{"class":58},[44,31903,31904,31906,31908,31910],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,31905,128],{"class":127},[44,31907,115],{"class":58},[44,31909,31853],{"class":111},[44,31911,121],{"class":58},[20,31913,2028],{},[35,31915,31917],{"className":37,"code":31916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31918,31919,31951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31920,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31922,9227],{"class":58},[44,31924,3259],{"class":272},[44,31926,7616],{"class":276},[44,31928,3259],{"class":272},[44,31930,159],{"class":58},[44,31932,3254],{"class":272},[44,31934,12830],{"class":276},[44,31936,3259],{"class":272},[44,31938,66],{"class":58},[44,31940,3254],{"class":272},[44,31942,9248],{"class":276},[44,31944,3259],{"class":272},[44,31946,159],{"class":58},[44,31948,7738],{"class":62},[44,31950,9258],{"class":58},[44,31952,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,31954,9227],{"class":58},[44,31956,3259],{"class":272},[44,31958,7616],{"class":276},[44,31960,3259],{"class":272},[44,31962,159],{"class":58},[44,31964,3254],{"class":272},[44,31966,12830],{"class":276},[44,31968,3259],{"class":272},[44,31970,66],{"class":58},[44,31972,3254],{"class":272},[44,31974,9248],{"class":276},[44,31976,3259],{"class":272},[44,31978,159],{"class":58},[44,31980,30429],{"class":62},[44,31982,66],{"class":58},[44,31984,3254],{"class":272},[44,31986,10359],{"class":276},[44,31988,3259],{"class":272},[44,31990,159],{"class":58},[44,31992,3254],{"class":272},[44,31994,15980],{"class":276},[44,31996,3259],{"class":272},[44,31998,9258],{"class":58},[20,32000,32001,32002,108],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[394,32003,16547],{"href":16546},[30,32005,2788],{"id":2787},[20,32007,10697,32008,159],{},[15,32009,14902],{},[161,32011,32012,32019,32023,32026,32029],{},[164,32013,12545,32014,32016,32017],{},[15,32015,14902],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32018,178],{},[164,32020,8399,32021,12553],{},[15,32022,14902],{},[164,32024,32025],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[164,32027,32028],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[164,32030,32031],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32033,32034],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,32036,32038],{"className":37,"code":32037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32039,32040,32050,32064,32078,32100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32041,32042,32044,32046,32048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32043,128],{"class":127},[44,32045,115],{"class":58},[44,32047,11399],{"class":111},[44,32049,121],{"class":58},[44,32051,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32053,128],{"class":127},[44,32055,115],{"class":58},[44,32057,1459],{"class":1458},[44,32059,115],{"class":58},[44,32061,9153],{"class":111},[44,32063,637],{"class":58},[44,32065,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,32067,128],{"class":127},[44,32069,115],{"class":58},[44,32071,226],{"class":1458},[44,32073,115],{"class":58},[44,32075,9153],{"class":111},[44,32077,637],{"class":58},[44,32079,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32081,128],{"class":127},[44,32083,115],{"class":58},[44,32085,11399],{"class":111},[44,32087,108],{"class":58},[44,32089,19700],{"class":111},[44,32091,115],{"class":58},[44,32093,3259],{"class":272},[44,32095,14789],{"class":276},[44,32097,3259],{"class":272},[44,32099,637],{"class":58},[44,32101,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,32103,1483],{"class":127},[44,32105,115],{"class":58},[44,32107,8769],{"class":1458},[44,32109,108],{"class":58},[44,32111,30416],{"class":1492},[44,32113,121],{"class":58},[20,32115,32116],{},"These can help you check:",[161,32118,32119,32122,32127,32130,32133],{},[164,32120,32121],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[164,32123,32124,32125],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32126,14902],{},[164,32128,32129],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[164,32131,32132],{},"Whether a key exists",[164,32134,32135],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32137,32138,32139,108],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[394,32140,11213],{"href":11024},[30,32142,1757],{"id":1756},[420,32144,1761,32146,32148],{"id":32145},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32147,14902],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32150,32151,32152,108],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32153,178],{},[420,32155,1761,32157,32159],{"id":32156},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32158,14902],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32161,32162],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[420,32164,5124,32166,32168],{"id":32165},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32167,14902],{}," add new keys?",[20,32170,32171],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[420,32173,1790,32175,32177],{"id":32174},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32176,14902],{}," with a list?",[20,32179,32180,32181,108],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32182,11045],{},[420,32184,1773,32186,32188],{"id":32185},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32187,14902],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32190,32191,32192,32194],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32193,14902],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,32196,1821],{"id":1820},[161,32198,32199,32203,32207,32212,32216],{},[164,32200,32201],{},[394,32202,26046],{"href":9340},[164,32204,32205],{},[394,32206,11202],{"href":10681},[164,32208,32209],{},[394,32210,32211],{"href":31037},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[164,32213,32214],{},[394,32215,21408],{"href":16546},[164,32217,32218],{},[394,32219,11213],{"href":11024},[1872,32221,32222],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":32224},[32225,32226,32228,32229,32231,32233,32234,32235,32237,32238,32250],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":30470,"depth":75,"text":32227},"What update() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":30830,"depth":75,"text":32230},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31041,"depth":75,"text":32232},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31282,"depth":75,"text":31283},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":31765,"depth":75,"text":32236},"When to use update()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":32239},[32240,32242,32244,32246,32248],{"id":32145,"depth":95,"text":32241},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32156,"depth":95,"text":32243},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32165,"depth":95,"text":32245},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32174,"depth":95,"text":32247},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32185,"depth":95,"text":32249},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30349,"description":32251},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32257,"title":32258,"body":32259,"description":34246,"extension":1921,"meta":34247,"navigation":98,"path":22845,"seo":34248,"stem":34249,"__hash__":34250},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32260,"toc":34209},[32261,32266,32273,32276,32278,32377,32379,32434,32439,32444,32458,32463,32465,32480,32482,32496,32509,32514,32520,32527,32529,32636,32638,32687,32693,32768,32770,32791,32793,32796,32901,32903,32958,32960,32987,32991,32996,33075,33077,33097,33099,33110,33120,33124,33129,33232,33234,33259,33262,33273,33278,33287,33290,33307,33309,33396,33398,33461,33463,33486,33488,33493,33499,33504,33506,33545,33551,33554,33573,33584,33590,33593,33666,33668,33687,33692,33695,33718,33724,33727,33791,33794,33871,33878,33881,33940,33946,33948,33967,33971,33974,34025,34028,34048,34050,34111,34113,34118,34123,34128,34133,34138,34143,34149,34152,34161,34169,34171,34206],[10,32262,11269,32264,18],{"id":32263},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32265,17021],{},[20,32267,32268,32269,32272],{},"The Python ",[15,32270,32271],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32274,32275],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32277,33],{"id":32},[35,32279,32281],{"className":37,"code":32280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32282,32283,32335,32349,32353,32363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32284,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32286,12813],{"class":50},[44,32288,55],{"class":54},[44,32290,10441],{"class":58},[44,32292,273],{"class":272},[44,32294,7616],{"class":276},[44,32296,273],{"class":272},[44,32298,159],{"class":58},[44,32300,284],{"class":272},[44,32302,12830],{"class":276},[44,32304,273],{"class":272},[44,32306,66],{"class":58},[44,32308,284],{"class":272},[44,32310,9248],{"class":276},[44,32312,273],{"class":272},[44,32314,159],{"class":58},[44,32316,7738],{"class":62},[44,32318,66],{"class":58},[44,32320,284],{"class":272},[44,32322,10359],{"class":276},[44,32324,273],{"class":272},[44,32326,159],{"class":58},[44,32328,284],{"class":272},[44,32330,15980],{"class":276},[44,32332,273],{"class":272},[44,32334,9258],{"class":58},[44,32336,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32338,604],{"class":50},[44,32340,55],{"class":54},[44,32342,12856],{"class":50},[44,32344,108],{"class":58},[44,32346,621],{"class":111},[44,32348,8590],{"class":58},[44,32350,32351],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,32352,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32354,32355,32357,32359,32361],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32356,128],{"class":127},[44,32358,115],{"class":58},[44,32360,621],{"class":111},[44,32362,121],{"class":58},[44,32364,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,32366,128],{"class":127},[44,32368,115],{"class":58},[44,32370,226],{"class":1458},[44,32372,115],{"class":58},[44,32374,621],{"class":111},[44,32376,637],{"class":58},[20,32378,2028],{},[35,32380,32382],{"className":37,"code":32381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32383,32384,32410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32385,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32387,16987],{"class":111},[44,32389,457],{"class":58},[44,32391,3259],{"class":272},[44,32393,12830],{"class":276},[44,32395,3259],{"class":272},[44,32397,66],{"class":58},[44,32399,7738],{"class":62},[44,32401,66],{"class":58},[44,32403,3254],{"class":272},[44,32405,15980],{"class":276},[44,32407,3259],{"class":272},[44,32409,466],{"class":58},[44,32411,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32413,3856],{"class":58},[44,32415,3259],{"class":272},[44,32417,12830],{"class":276},[44,32419,3259],{"class":272},[44,32421,66],{"class":58},[44,32423,7738],{"class":62},[44,32425,66],{"class":58},[44,32427,3254],{"class":272},[44,32429,15980],{"class":276},[44,32431,3259],{"class":272},[44,32433,72],{"class":58},[20,32435,32436,32438],{},[15,32437,17021],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32440,151,32442,154],{"id":32441},"what-values-does",[15,32443,17021],{},[161,32445,32446,32449,32452,32455],{},[164,32447,32448],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[164,32450,32451],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[164,32453,32454],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[164,32456,32457],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32459,32460,32461,108],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[394,32462,9341],{"href":9340},[30,32464,188],{"id":187},[35,32466,32468],{"className":37,"code":32467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32469,32470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32471,32472,32474,32476,32478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32473,11399],{"class":50},[44,32475,108],{"class":58},[44,32477,621],{"class":111},[44,32479,8590],{"class":58},[20,32481,13002],{},[161,32483,32484,32488,32491],{},[164,32485,32486,11415],{},[15,32487,17021],{},[164,32489,32490],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[164,32492,32493,32494],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32495,17021],{},[20,32497,32498,32499,398,32504,108],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[394,32500,32501,32503],{"href":17012},[15,32502,17015],{}," for dictionary keys",[394,32505,32506,32508],{"href":17024},[15,32507,17027],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32510,151,32512,11655],{"id":32511},"what-values-returns",[15,32513,17021],{},[20,32515,32516,21926,32518,24714],{},[15,32517,17021],{},[15,32519,16987],{},[20,32521,32522,32523,32526],{},"This object is a ",[214,32524,32525],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32528,2164],{},[35,32530,32532],{"className":37,"code":32531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32533,32534,32570,32574,32589,32600,32604,32626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32535,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32537,13155],{"class":50},[44,32539,55],{"class":54},[44,32541,10441],{"class":58},[44,32543,273],{"class":272},[44,32545,7616],{"class":276},[44,32547,273],{"class":272},[44,32549,159],{"class":58},[44,32551,284],{"class":272},[44,32553,7869],{"class":276},[44,32555,273],{"class":272},[44,32557,66],{"class":58},[44,32559,284],{"class":272},[44,32561,9248],{"class":276},[44,32563,273],{"class":272},[44,32565,159],{"class":58},[44,32567,9255],{"class":62},[44,32569,9258],{"class":58},[44,32571,32572],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32573,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32575,32576,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,32577,32578],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32580,55],{"class":54},[44,32582,13198],{"class":50},[44,32584,108],{"class":58},[44,32586,621],{"class":111},[44,32588,8590],{"class":58},[44,32590,32591,32593,32595,32598],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32592,128],{"class":127},[44,32594,115],{"class":58},[44,32596,32597],{"class":111},"values_view",[44,32599,121],{"class":58},[44,32601,32602],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,32603,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32605,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,32607,17256],{"class":50},[44,32609,3856],{"class":58},[44,32611,273],{"class":272},[44,32613,10359],{"class":276},[44,32615,273],{"class":272},[44,32617,13224],{"class":58},[44,32619,13227],{"class":54},[44,32621,284],{"class":272},[44,32623,30594],{"class":276},[44,32625,3318],{"class":272},[44,32627,32628,32630,32632,32634],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,32629,128],{"class":127},[44,32631,115],{"class":58},[44,32633,32597],{"class":111},[44,32635,121],{"class":58},[20,32637,2028],{},[35,32639,32641],{"className":37,"code":32640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32642,32643,32661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32644,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657,32659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32646,16987],{"class":111},[44,32648,457],{"class":58},[44,32650,3259],{"class":272},[44,32652,7869],{"class":276},[44,32654,3259],{"class":272},[44,32656,66],{"class":58},[44,32658,9255],{"class":62},[44,32660,466],{"class":58},[44,32662,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32664,16987],{"class":111},[44,32666,457],{"class":58},[44,32668,3259],{"class":272},[44,32670,7869],{"class":276},[44,32672,3259],{"class":272},[44,32674,66],{"class":58},[44,32676,9255],{"class":62},[44,32678,66],{"class":58},[44,32680,3254],{"class":272},[44,32682,30594],{"class":276},[44,32684,3259],{"class":272},[44,32686,466],{"class":58},[20,32688,32689,32690,108],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32691,32692],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32694,32696],{"className":37,"code":32695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32697,32698,32734,32753,32757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32699,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32701,13155],{"class":50},[44,32703,55],{"class":54},[44,32705,10441],{"class":58},[44,32707,273],{"class":272},[44,32709,7616],{"class":276},[44,32711,273],{"class":272},[44,32713,159],{"class":58},[44,32715,284],{"class":272},[44,32717,7869],{"class":276},[44,32719,273],{"class":272},[44,32721,66],{"class":58},[44,32723,284],{"class":272},[44,32725,9248],{"class":276},[44,32727,273],{"class":272},[44,32729,159],{"class":58},[44,32731,9255],{"class":62},[44,32733,9258],{"class":58},[44,32735,32736,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32737,32738],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32740,55],{"class":54},[44,32742,22510],{"class":1458},[44,32744,115],{"class":58},[44,32746,17256],{"class":111},[44,32748,108],{"class":58},[44,32750,621],{"class":111},[44,32752,7141],{"class":58},[44,32754,32755],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,32756,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32758,32759,32761,32763,32766],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32760,128],{"class":127},[44,32762,115],{"class":58},[44,32764,32765],{"class":111},"values_list",[44,32767,121],{"class":58},[20,32769,2028],{},[35,32771,32773],{"className":37,"code":32772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32774,32775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32776,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32778,3856],{"class":58},[44,32780,3259],{"class":272},[44,32782,7869],{"class":276},[44,32784,3259],{"class":272},[44,32786,66],{"class":58},[44,32788,9255],{"class":62},[44,32790,72],{"class":58},[30,32792,11425],{"id":11424},[20,32794,32795],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32797,32799],{"className":37,"code":32798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32800,32801,32855,32859,32873,32877,32887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32802,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32836,32838,32840,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32804,24746],{"class":50},[44,32806,55],{"class":54},[44,32808,10441],{"class":58},[44,32810,273],{"class":272},[44,32812,24755],{"class":276},[44,32814,273],{"class":272},[44,32816,159],{"class":58},[44,32818,284],{"class":272},[44,32820,24764],{"class":276},[44,32822,273],{"class":272},[44,32824,66],{"class":58},[44,32826,284],{"class":272},[44,32828,24773],{"class":276},[44,32830,273],{"class":272},[44,32832,159],{"class":58},[44,32834,32835],{"class":62}," 2022",[44,32837,66],{"class":58},[44,32839,284],{"class":272},[44,32841,32842],{"class":276},"color",[44,32844,273],{"class":272},[44,32846,159],{"class":58},[44,32848,284],{"class":272},[44,32850,13060],{"class":276},[44,32852,273],{"class":272},[44,32854,9258],{"class":58},[44,32856,32857],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32858,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32860,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,32862,911],{"class":50},[44,32864,55],{"class":54},[44,32866,24795],{"class":50},[44,32868,108],{"class":58},[44,32870,621],{"class":111},[44,32872,8590],{"class":58},[44,32874,32875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32876,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,32878,32879,32881,32883,32885],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,32880,128],{"class":127},[44,32882,115],{"class":58},[44,32884,943],{"class":111},[44,32886,121],{"class":58},[44,32888,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,32890,128],{"class":127},[44,32892,115],{"class":58},[44,32894,226],{"class":1458},[44,32896,115],{"class":58},[44,32898,943],{"class":111},[44,32900,637],{"class":58},[20,32902,2028],{},[35,32904,32906],{"className":37,"code":32905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32907,32908,32934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32909,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32911,16987],{"class":111},[44,32913,457],{"class":58},[44,32915,3259],{"class":272},[44,32917,24764],{"class":276},[44,32919,3259],{"class":272},[44,32921,66],{"class":58},[44,32923,32835],{"class":62},[44,32925,66],{"class":58},[44,32927,3254],{"class":272},[44,32929,13060],{"class":276},[44,32931,3259],{"class":272},[44,32933,466],{"class":58},[44,32935,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,32937,3856],{"class":58},[44,32939,3259],{"class":272},[44,32941,24764],{"class":276},[44,32943,3259],{"class":272},[44,32945,66],{"class":58},[44,32947,32835],{"class":62},[44,32949,66],{"class":58},[44,32951,3254],{"class":272},[44,32953,13060],{"class":276},[44,32955,3259],{"class":272},[44,32957,72],{"class":58},[20,32959,361],{},[161,32961,32962,32968,32974,32981],{},[164,32963,32964,32967],{},[15,32965,32966],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[164,32969,32970,32973],{},[15,32971,32972],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[164,32975,32976,32978,32979,24568],{},[15,32977,1510],{}," shows the ",[15,32980,16987],{},[164,32982,32983,32986],{},[15,32984,32985],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32988,32990],{"id":32989},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32992,32993,32994,26015],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32995,5909],{},[35,32997,32999],{"className":37,"code":32998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33000,33001,33045,33049,33065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33002,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33004,5017],{"class":50},[44,33006,55],{"class":54},[44,33008,10441],{"class":58},[44,33010,273],{"class":272},[44,33012,18367],{"class":276},[44,33014,273],{"class":272},[44,33016,159],{"class":58},[44,33018,19848],{"class":62},[44,33020,66],{"class":58},[44,33022,284],{"class":272},[44,33024,31104],{"class":276},[44,33026,273],{"class":272},[44,33028,159],{"class":58},[44,33030,1681],{"class":62},[44,33032,66],{"class":58},[44,33034,284],{"class":272},[44,33036,18376],{"class":276},[44,33038,273],{"class":272},[44,33040,159],{"class":58},[44,33042,28871],{"class":62},[44,33044,9258],{"class":58},[44,33046,33047],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33048,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33050,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33052,5909],{"class":3832},[44,33054,21535],{"class":50},[44,33056,3839],{"class":3832},[44,33058,5064],{"class":50},[44,33060,108],{"class":58},[44,33062,621],{"class":111},[44,33064,21546],{"class":58},[44,33066,33067,33069,33071,33073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33068,8017],{"class":127},[44,33070,115],{"class":58},[44,33072,2429],{"class":111},[44,33074,121],{"class":58},[20,33076,2028],{},[35,33078,33080],{"className":37,"code":33079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33081,33082,33087,33092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33083,33084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33085,33086],{"class":62},"90\n",[44,33088,33089],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33090,33091],{"class":62},"85\n",[44,33093,33094],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33095,33096],{"class":62},"88\n",[20,33098,17660],{},[161,33100,33101,33104,33107],{},[164,33102,33103],{},"You only need the values",[164,33105,33106],{},"You do not care about the keys",[164,33108,33109],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33111,33112,33113,2837,33117,108],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[394,33114,10687,33115,574],{"href":17024},[15,33116,17027],{},[394,33118,22426],{"href":33119},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,33121,33123],{"id":33122},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33125,144,33126,33128],{},[15,33127,32692],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33130,33132],{"className":37,"code":33131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33133,33134,33179,33183,33203,33207,33218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33135,33136,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33137,33138],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33140,55],{"class":54},[44,33142,10441],{"class":58},[44,33144,273],{"class":272},[44,33146,277],{"class":276},[44,33148,273],{"class":272},[44,33150,159],{"class":58},[44,33152,69],{"class":62},[44,33154,66],{"class":58},[44,33156,284],{"class":272},[44,33158,287],{"class":276},[44,33160,273],{"class":272},[44,33162,159],{"class":58},[44,33164,5450],{"class":62},[44,33166,66],{"class":58},[44,33168,284],{"class":272},[44,33170,305],{"class":276},[44,33172,273],{"class":272},[44,33174,159],{"class":58},[44,33176,2408],{"class":62},[44,33178,9258],{"class":58},[44,33180,33181],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33182,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33184,33185,33188,33190,33192,33194,33197,33199,33201],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33186,33187],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33189,55],{"class":54},[44,33191,22510],{"class":1458},[44,33193,115],{"class":58},[44,33195,33196],{"class":111},"fruit_prices",[44,33198,108],{"class":58},[44,33200,621],{"class":111},[44,33202,7141],{"class":58},[44,33204,33205],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33206,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33208,33209,33211,33213,33216],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,33210,128],{"class":127},[44,33212,115],{"class":58},[44,33214,33215],{"class":111},"price_list",[44,33217,121],{"class":58},[44,33219,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,33221,128],{"class":127},[44,33223,115],{"class":58},[44,33225,33215],{"class":111},[44,33227,3856],{"class":58},[44,33229,746],{"class":62},[44,33231,466],{"class":58},[20,33233,2028],{},[35,33235,33237],{"className":37,"code":33236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33238,33239,33255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33240,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33242,3856],{"class":58},[44,33244,801],{"class":62},[44,33246,66],{"class":58},[44,33248,5450],{"class":62},[44,33250,66],{"class":58},[44,33252,2408],{"class":62},[44,33254,72],{"class":58},[44,33256,33257],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33258,17006],{"class":62},[20,33260,33261],{},"This is helpful for:",[161,33263,33264,33267,33270],{},[164,33265,33266],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[164,33268,33269],{},"Accessing values by index",[164,33271,33272],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33274,3881,33275,33277],{},[15,33276,16987],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33279,33281,408,33283,408,33285],{"id":33280},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33282,17021],{},[15,33284,17015],{},[15,33286,17027],{},[20,33288,33289],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[161,33291,33292,33297,33302],{},[164,33293,33294,33296],{},[15,33295,17021],{}," returns only the values",[164,33298,33299,33301],{},[15,33300,17015],{}," returns only the keys",[164,33303,33304,33306],{},[15,33305,17027],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33308,2083],{},[35,33310,33312],{"className":37,"code":33311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33313,33314,33350,33354,33368,33382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33315,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33317,12813],{"class":50},[44,33319,55],{"class":54},[44,33321,10441],{"class":58},[44,33323,273],{"class":272},[44,33325,7616],{"class":276},[44,33327,273],{"class":272},[44,33329,159],{"class":58},[44,33331,284],{"class":272},[44,33333,12830],{"class":276},[44,33335,273],{"class":272},[44,33337,66],{"class":58},[44,33339,284],{"class":272},[44,33341,9248],{"class":276},[44,33343,273],{"class":272},[44,33345,159],{"class":58},[44,33347,7738],{"class":62},[44,33349,9258],{"class":58},[44,33351,33352],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33353,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33355,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33357,128],{"class":127},[44,33359,115],{"class":58},[44,33361,13574],{"class":111},[44,33363,108],{"class":58},[44,33365,16873],{"class":111},[44,33367,7141],{"class":58},[44,33369,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33371,128],{"class":127},[44,33373,115],{"class":58},[44,33375,13574],{"class":111},[44,33377,108],{"class":58},[44,33379,621],{"class":111},[44,33381,7141],{"class":58},[44,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,33385,128],{"class":127},[44,33387,115],{"class":58},[44,33389,13574],{"class":111},[44,33391,108],{"class":58},[44,33393,835],{"class":111},[44,33395,7141],{"class":58},[20,33397,2028],{},[35,33399,33401],{"className":37,"code":33400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33402,33403,33425,33443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33404,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33406,16964],{"class":111},[44,33408,457],{"class":58},[44,33410,3259],{"class":272},[44,33412,7616],{"class":276},[44,33414,3259],{"class":272},[44,33416,66],{"class":58},[44,33418,3254],{"class":272},[44,33420,9248],{"class":276},[44,33422,3259],{"class":272},[44,33424,466],{"class":58},[44,33426,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33428,16987],{"class":111},[44,33430,457],{"class":58},[44,33432,3259],{"class":272},[44,33434,12830],{"class":276},[44,33436,3259],{"class":272},[44,33438,66],{"class":58},[44,33440,7738],{"class":62},[44,33442,466],{"class":58},[44,33444,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33446,21859],{"class":111},[44,33448,9607],{"class":58},[44,33450,3259],{"class":272},[44,33452,7616],{"class":276},[44,33454,3259],{"class":272},[44,33456,66],{"class":58},[44,33458,7738],{"class":62},[44,33460,10629],{"class":58},[20,33462,552],{},[161,33464,33465,33472,33479],{},[164,33466,33467,33471],{},[394,33468,33469],{"href":17012},[15,33470,17015],{}," when you need just the keys",[164,33473,33474,33478],{},[394,33475,33476],{"href":17018},[15,33477,17021],{}," when you need just the values",[164,33480,33481,33485],{},[394,33482,33483],{"href":17024},[15,33484,17027],{}," when you need both",[30,33487,1083],{"id":1082},[20,33489,33490,33491,108],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33492,17021],{},[420,33494,29601,33496,33498],{"id":33495},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33497,17021],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33500,33501,33503],{},[15,33502,17021],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33505,16593],{},[35,33507,33509],{"className":37,"code":33508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33510,33511,33531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33512,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33514,1523],{"class":50},[44,33516,55],{"class":54},[44,33518,59],{"class":58},[44,33520,63],{"class":62},[44,33522,66],{"class":58},[44,33524,69],{"class":62},[44,33526,66],{"class":58},[44,33528,2408],{"class":62},[44,33530,72],{"class":58},[44,33532,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33534,128],{"class":127},[44,33536,115],{"class":58},[44,33538,1447],{"class":111},[44,33540,108],{"class":58},[44,33542,621],{"class":111},[44,33544,7141],{"class":58},[20,33546,33547,33548,33550],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33549,17021],{}," method.",[20,33552,33553],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33555,33557],{"className":37,"code":33556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33558,33559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33560,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33562,128],{"class":127},[44,33564,115],{"class":58},[44,33566,1459],{"class":1458},[44,33568,115],{"class":58},[44,33570,1447],{"class":111},[44,33572,637],{"class":58},[20,33574,33575,33576,33578,33579,108],{},"If you get an ",[15,33577,25622],{},", see ",[394,33580,25630,33581,33583],{"href":25629},[15,33582,25633],{}," errors",[420,33585,4531,33587,33589],{"id":33586},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33588,17021],{}," returns a list",[20,33591,33592],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33594,33596],{"className":37,"code":33595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33597,33598,33634,33648,33652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33599,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33601,12813],{"class":50},[44,33603,55],{"class":54},[44,33605,10441],{"class":58},[44,33607,273],{"class":272},[44,33609,7616],{"class":276},[44,33611,273],{"class":272},[44,33613,159],{"class":58},[44,33615,284],{"class":272},[44,33617,12830],{"class":276},[44,33619,273],{"class":272},[44,33621,66],{"class":58},[44,33623,284],{"class":272},[44,33625,9248],{"class":276},[44,33627,273],{"class":272},[44,33629,159],{"class":58},[44,33631,7738],{"class":62},[44,33633,9258],{"class":58},[44,33635,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33637,604],{"class":50},[44,33639,55],{"class":54},[44,33641,12856],{"class":50},[44,33643,108],{"class":58},[44,33645,621],{"class":111},[44,33647,8590],{"class":58},[44,33649,33650],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33651,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33653,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33655,128],{"class":127},[44,33657,115],{"class":58},[44,33659,1459],{"class":1458},[44,33661,115],{"class":58},[44,33663,621],{"class":111},[44,33665,637],{"class":58},[20,33667,2028],{},[35,33669,33671],{"className":37,"code":33670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33672,33673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33674,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33676,3248],{"class":54},[44,33678,3251],{"class":2022},[44,33680,3254],{"class":272},[44,33682,16987],{"class":276},[44,33684,3259],{"class":272},[44,33686,3262],{"class":54},[20,33688,5102,33689,33691],{},[15,33690,16987],{},", not a list.",[20,33693,33694],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33696,33698],{"className":37,"code":33697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33699,33700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33701,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33703,604],{"class":50},[44,33705,55],{"class":54},[44,33707,22510],{"class":1458},[44,33709,115],{"class":58},[44,33711,13574],{"class":111},[44,33713,108],{"class":58},[44,33715,621],{"class":111},[44,33717,7141],{"class":58},[420,33719,33721,33722],{"id":33720},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33723,16987],{},[20,33725,33726],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33728,33730],{"className":37,"code":33729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33731,33732,33768,33782,33786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33733,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33735,12813],{"class":50},[44,33737,55],{"class":54},[44,33739,10441],{"class":58},[44,33741,273],{"class":272},[44,33743,7616],{"class":276},[44,33745,273],{"class":272},[44,33747,159],{"class":58},[44,33749,284],{"class":272},[44,33751,12830],{"class":276},[44,33753,273],{"class":272},[44,33755,66],{"class":58},[44,33757,284],{"class":272},[44,33759,9248],{"class":276},[44,33761,273],{"class":272},[44,33763,159],{"class":58},[44,33765,7738],{"class":62},[44,33767,9258],{"class":58},[44,33769,33770,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33771,604],{"class":50},[44,33773,55],{"class":54},[44,33775,12856],{"class":50},[44,33777,108],{"class":58},[44,33779,621],{"class":111},[44,33781,8590],{"class":58},[44,33783,33784],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33785,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33787,33788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33789,33790],{"class":140},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33792,33793],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33795,33797],{"className":37,"code":33796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33798,33799,33835,33853,33857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33800,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33802,12813],{"class":50},[44,33804,55],{"class":54},[44,33806,10441],{"class":58},[44,33808,273],{"class":272},[44,33810,7616],{"class":276},[44,33812,273],{"class":272},[44,33814,159],{"class":58},[44,33816,284],{"class":272},[44,33818,12830],{"class":276},[44,33820,273],{"class":272},[44,33822,66],{"class":58},[44,33824,284],{"class":272},[44,33826,9248],{"class":276},[44,33828,273],{"class":272},[44,33830,159],{"class":58},[44,33832,7738],{"class":62},[44,33834,9258],{"class":58},[44,33836,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33838,604],{"class":50},[44,33840,55],{"class":54},[44,33842,22510],{"class":1458},[44,33844,115],{"class":58},[44,33846,13574],{"class":111},[44,33848,108],{"class":58},[44,33850,621],{"class":111},[44,33852,7141],{"class":58},[44,33854,33855],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33856,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33858,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33860,128],{"class":127},[44,33862,115],{"class":58},[44,33864,621],{"class":111},[44,33866,3856],{"class":58},[44,33868,746],{"class":62},[44,33870,466],{"class":58},[420,33872,582,33874,11042,33876],{"id":33873},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33875,621],{},[15,33877,17021],{},[20,33879,33880],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33882,33884],{"className":37,"code":33883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33885,33886,33922,33926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33887,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912,33914,33916,33918,33920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33889,12813],{"class":50},[44,33891,55],{"class":54},[44,33893,10441],{"class":58},[44,33895,273],{"class":272},[44,33897,7616],{"class":276},[44,33899,273],{"class":272},[44,33901,159],{"class":58},[44,33903,284],{"class":272},[44,33905,12830],{"class":276},[44,33907,273],{"class":272},[44,33909,66],{"class":58},[44,33911,284],{"class":272},[44,33913,9248],{"class":276},[44,33915,273],{"class":272},[44,33917,159],{"class":58},[44,33919,7738],{"class":62},[44,33921,9258],{"class":58},[44,33923,33924],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,33925,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,33927,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,33929,128],{"class":127},[44,33931,115],{"class":58},[44,33933,13574],{"class":111},[44,33935,108],{"class":58},[44,33937,621],{"class":1492},[44,33939,121],{"class":58},[20,33941,33942,33945],{},[15,33943,33944],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33947,552],{},[35,33949,33951],{"className":37,"code":33950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33952,33953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33954,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33956,128],{"class":127},[44,33958,115],{"class":58},[44,33960,13574],{"class":111},[44,33962,108],{"class":58},[44,33964,621],{"class":111},[44,33966,7141],{"class":58},[420,33968,33970],{"id":33969},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33972,33973],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33975,33977],{"className":37,"code":33976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33978,33979,34011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33980,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003,34005,34007,34009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33982,9114],{"class":50},[44,33984,55],{"class":54},[44,33986,10441],{"class":58},[44,33988,273],{"class":272},[44,33990,394],{"class":276},[44,33992,273],{"class":272},[44,33994,159],{"class":58},[44,33996,5450],{"class":62},[44,33998,66],{"class":58},[44,34000,284],{"class":272},[44,34002,4714],{"class":276},[44,34004,273],{"class":272},[44,34006,159],{"class":58},[44,34008,69],{"class":62},[44,34010,9258],{"class":58},[44,34012,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34014,128],{"class":127},[44,34016,115],{"class":58},[44,34018,9153],{"class":111},[44,34020,108],{"class":58},[44,34022,621],{"class":111},[44,34024,7141],{"class":58},[20,34026,34027],{},"Not like this:",[35,34029,34031],{"className":37,"code":34030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34032,34033,34038,34043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34034,34035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34036,34037],{"class":140},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,34039,34040],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34041,34042],{"class":140},"# data().values()\n",[44,34044,34045],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,34046,34047],{"class":140},"# values(data)\n",[20,34049,3299],{},[35,34051,34053],{"className":37,"code":34052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34054,34055,34069,34079,34093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34056,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34058,128],{"class":127},[44,34060,115],{"class":58},[44,34062,1459],{"class":1458},[44,34064,115],{"class":58},[44,34066,11399],{"class":111},[44,34068,637],{"class":58},[44,34070,34071,34073,34075,34077],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34072,128],{"class":127},[44,34074,115],{"class":58},[44,34076,11399],{"class":111},[44,34078,121],{"class":58},[44,34080,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,34082,128],{"class":127},[44,34084,115],{"class":58},[44,34086,11399],{"class":111},[44,34088,108],{"class":58},[44,34090,621],{"class":111},[44,34092,7141],{"class":58},[44,34094,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34096,128],{"class":127},[44,34098,115],{"class":58},[44,34100,226],{"class":1458},[44,34102,115],{"class":58},[44,34104,11399],{"class":111},[44,34106,108],{"class":58},[44,34108,621],{"class":111},[44,34110,6241],{"class":58},[30,34112,1757],{"id":1756},[420,34114,5096,34116,5099],{"id":34115},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34117,32271],{},[20,34119,17371,34120,34122],{},[15,34121,16987],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[420,34124,1761,34126,23882],{"id":34125},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34127,17021],{},[20,34129,23885,34130,23889],{},[15,34131,34132],{},"list(...)",[420,34134,26007,34136,1778],{"id":34135},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34137,32271],{},[20,34139,34140,34141,26015],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34142,5909],{},[420,34144,1761,34146,34148],{"id":34145},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34147,32271],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34150,34151],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[420,34153,34155,34156,34158,34159,1778],{"id":34154},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34157,17021],{}," different from ",[15,34160,17027],{},[20,34162,34163,34165,34166,34168],{},[15,34164,17021],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34167,17027],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34170,1821],{"id":1820},[161,34172,34173,34179,34185,34189,34195,34199],{},[164,34174,34175],{},[394,34176,10687,34177,574],{"href":17012},[15,34178,17015],{},[164,34180,34181],{},[394,34182,10687,34183,574],{"href":17024},[15,34184,17027],{},[164,34186,34187],{},[394,34188,11193],{"href":9340},[164,34190,34191],{},[394,34192,34194],{"href":34193},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[164,34196,34197],{},[394,34198,23967],{"href":33119},[164,34200,34201],{},[394,34202,30299,34203],{"href":25629},[15,34204,34205],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1872,34207,34208],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":34210},[34211,34212,34214,34215,34217,34218,34219,34220,34222,34233,34245],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":32441,"depth":75,"text":34213},"What values() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":32511,"depth":75,"text":34216},"What values() returns",{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":32989,"depth":75,"text":32990},{"id":33122,"depth":75,"text":33123},{"id":33280,"depth":75,"text":34221},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":34223},[34224,34226,34228,34230,34232],{"id":33495,"depth":95,"text":34225},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33586,"depth":95,"text":34227},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33720,"depth":95,"text":34229},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33873,"depth":95,"text":34231},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33969,"depth":95,"text":33970},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":34234},[34235,34237,34239,34241,34243],{"id":34115,"depth":95,"text":34236},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34125,"depth":95,"text":34238},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34135,"depth":95,"text":34240},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34145,"depth":95,"text":34242},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34154,"depth":95,"text":34244},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32258,"description":34246},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34252,"title":34253,"body":34254,"description":35685,"extension":1921,"meta":35686,"navigation":98,"path":35687,"seo":35688,"stem":35689,"__hash__":35690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34255,"toc":35637},[34256,34262,34267,34270,34286,34295,34297,34329,34335,34338,34433,34436,34441,34446,34449,34460,34462,34476,34482,34484,34489,34495,34498,34537,34545,34550,34553,34598,34601,34613,34619,34625,34629,34662,34665,34683,34686,34690,34729,34731,34751,34754,34766,34771,34777,34780,34835,34838,34849,34852,34863,34866,34870,34876,34878,34908,34911,34926,34929,34932,34951,34954,34970,34979,34981,35012,35018,35023,35026,35033,35064,35067,35089,35092,35095,35109,35113,35144,35159,35166,35173,35177,35185,35189,35197,35200,35249,35260,35262,35265,35271,35276,35286,35290,35293,35296,35300,35303,35305,35326,35330,35336,35347,35353,35355,35361,35385,35388,35451,35454,35482,35485,35547,35549,35554,35557,35564,35572,35579,35582,35590,35596,35598,35625,35634],[10,34257,3536,34259,3540],{"id":34258},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34260,34261],{},"dir()",[20,34263,32268,34264,34266],{},[15,34265,34261],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34268,34269],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[161,34271,34272,34275,34278,34283],{},[164,34273,34274],{},"learning Python",[164,34276,34277],{},"exploring a new object",[164,34279,34280,34281],{},"debugging an ",[15,34282,25622],{},[164,34284,34285],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34287,34288,34289,34291,34292],{},"In short, ",[15,34290,34261],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[214,34293,34294],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34296,33],{"id":32},[35,34298,34300],{"className":37,"code":34299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34301,34302,34314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34303,34304,34306,34308,34310,34312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34305,7824],{"class":50},[44,34307,55],{"class":54},[44,34309,284],{"class":272},[44,34311,1262],{"class":276},[44,34313,3318],{"class":272},[44,34315,34316,34318,34320,34323,34325,34327],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34317,128],{"class":127},[44,34319,115],{"class":58},[44,34321,34322],{"class":127},"dir",[44,34324,115],{"class":58},[44,34326,7616],{"class":111},[44,34328,637],{"class":58},[20,34330,144,34331,34334],{},[15,34332,34333],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34336,34337],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34339,34341],{"className":37,"code":34340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34342,34343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34344,34345,34347,34349,34352,34354,34356,34358,34361,34363,34365,34367,34370,34372,34374,34376,34379,34381,34383,34385,34388,34390,34392,34394,34397,34399,34401,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413,34415,34417,34420,34422,34424,34426,34429,34431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34346,3856],{"class":58},[44,34348,3259],{"class":272},[44,34350,34351],{"class":276},"__add__",[44,34353,3259],{"class":272},[44,34355,66],{"class":58},[44,34357,3254],{"class":272},[44,34359,34360],{"class":276},"__class__",[44,34362,3259],{"class":272},[44,34364,66],{"class":58},[44,34366,3254],{"class":272},[44,34368,34369],{"class":276},"__contains__",[44,34371,3259],{"class":272},[44,34373,66],{"class":58},[44,34375,3254],{"class":272},[44,34377,34378],{"class":276},"__delattr__",[44,34380,3259],{"class":272},[44,34382,66],{"class":58},[44,34384,3254],{"class":272},[44,34386,34387],{"class":276},"__dir__",[44,34389,3259],{"class":272},[44,34391,66],{"class":58},[44,34393,3254],{"class":272},[44,34395,34396],{"class":276},"__doc__",[44,34398,3259],{"class":272},[44,34400,66],{"class":58},[44,34402,34404],{"class":34403},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34406,66],{"class":58},[44,34408,3254],{"class":272},[44,34410,8587],{"class":276},[44,34412,3259],{"class":272},[44,34414,66],{"class":58},[44,34416,3254],{"class":272},[44,34418,34419],{"class":276},"split",[44,34421,3259],{"class":272},[44,34423,66],{"class":58},[44,34425,3254],{"class":272},[44,34427,34428],{"class":276},"upper",[44,34430,3259],{"class":272},[44,34432,72],{"class":58},[20,34434,34435],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34437,151,34439,154],{"id":34438},"what-dir-does",[15,34440,34261],{},[20,34442,34443,34445],{},[15,34444,34261],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34447,34448],{},"It usually includes:",[161,34450,34451,34454,34457],{},[164,34452,34453],{},"attributes",[164,34455,34456],{},"methods",[164,34458,34459],{},"special Python names",[20,34461,11408],{},[161,34463,34464,34470,34473],{},[164,34465,34466,34467],{},"The result is a ",[214,34468,34469],{},"list of strings",[164,34471,34472],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[164,34474,34475],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34477,34478,34479,34481],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34480,34261],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34483,188],{"id":187},[20,34485,34486,34488],{},[15,34487,34261],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[420,34490,34492,34494],{"id":34491},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34493,34261],{}," with no argument",[20,34496,34497],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34499,34501],{"className":37,"code":34500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34502,34503,34511,34523,34527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34504,34505,34507,34509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34506,2982],{"class":50},[44,34508,55],{"class":54},[44,34510,2544],{"class":62},[44,34512,34513,34515,34517,34519,34521],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34514,7824],{"class":50},[44,34516,55],{"class":54},[44,34518,284],{"class":272},[44,34520,7625],{"class":276},[44,34522,3318],{"class":272},[44,34524,34525],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,34526,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,34528,34529,34531,34533,34535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34530,128],{"class":127},[44,34532,115],{"class":58},[44,34534,34322],{"class":127},[44,34536,7141],{"class":58},[20,34538,34539,34540,398,34542,34544],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34541,2130],{},[15,34543,7616],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[420,34546,34548],{"id":34547},"dirobject",[15,34549,34333],{},[20,34551,34552],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34554,34556],{"className":37,"code":34555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34557,34558,34576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34559,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570,34572,34574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34561,128],{"class":127},[44,34563,115],{"class":58},[44,34565,34322],{"class":127},[44,34567,115],{"class":58},[44,34569,273],{"class":272},[44,34571,1262],{"class":276},[44,34573,273],{"class":272},[44,34575,637],{"class":58},[44,34577,34578,34580,34582,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592,34594,34596],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34579,128],{"class":127},[44,34581,115],{"class":58},[44,34583,34322],{"class":127},[44,34585,457],{"class":58},[44,34587,63],{"class":62},[44,34589,66],{"class":58},[44,34591,69],{"class":62},[44,34593,66],{"class":58},[44,34595,2408],{"class":62},[44,34597,2957],{"class":58},[20,34599,34600],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[161,34602,34603,34605,34607,34610],{},[164,34604,5263],{},[164,34606,5254],{},[164,34608,34609],{},"modules",[164,34611,34612],{},"custom objects",[30,34614,582,34616,34618],{"id":34615},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34617,34261],{}," with a value",[20,34620,34621,34622,34624],{},"A common use of ",[15,34623,34261],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[420,34626,34628],{"id":34627},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34630,34632],{"className":37,"code":34631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34633,34634,34647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34635,34636,34639,34641,34643,34645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34637,34638],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34640,55],{"class":54},[44,34642,284],{"class":272},[44,34644,1262],{"class":276},[44,34646,3318],{"class":272},[44,34648,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657,34660],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34650,128],{"class":127},[44,34652,115],{"class":58},[44,34654,34322],{"class":127},[44,34656,115],{"class":58},[44,34658,34659],{"class":111},"text",[44,34661,637],{"class":58},[20,34663,34664],{},"You will see method names like:",[161,34666,34667,34671,34675,34679],{},[164,34668,34669],{},[15,34670,8587],{},[164,34672,34673],{},[15,34674,34428],{},[164,34676,34677],{},[15,34678,34419],{},[164,34680,34681],{},[15,34682,8581],{},[20,34684,34685],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[420,34687,34689],{"id":34688},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34691,34693],{"className":37,"code":34692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34694,34695,34715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34696,34697,34699,34701,34703,34705,34707,34709,34711,34713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34698,51],{"class":50},[44,34700,55],{"class":54},[44,34702,59],{"class":58},[44,34704,63],{"class":62},[44,34706,66],{"class":58},[44,34708,69],{"class":62},[44,34710,66],{"class":58},[44,34712,2408],{"class":62},[44,34714,72],{"class":58},[44,34716,34717,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34718,128],{"class":127},[44,34720,115],{"class":58},[44,34722,34322],{"class":127},[44,34724,115],{"class":58},[44,34726,105],{"class":111},[44,34728,637],{"class":58},[20,34730,34664],{},[161,34732,34733,34737,34741,34746],{},[164,34734,34735],{},[15,34736,520],{},[164,34738,34739],{},[15,34740,26192],{},[164,34742,34743],{},[15,34744,34745],{},"remove",[164,34747,34748],{},[15,34749,34750],{},"sort",[20,34752,34753],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34755,34756,34757,34762,34763,34765],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[394,34758,34760],{"href":34759},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34761,2258],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34764,34261],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34767,582,34769,34494],{"id":34768},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34770,34261],{},[20,34772,34773,34774,34776],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34775,34261],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34778,34779],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34781,34783],{"className":37,"code":34782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34784,34785,34794,34798,34809,34821,34825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34786,34787,34789,34791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34788,2982],{"class":50},[44,34790,55],{"class":54},[44,34792,34793],{"class":62}," 5\n",[44,34795,34796],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34797,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,34799,34800,34803,34807],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,34801,34802],{"class":2022},"def",[44,34804,34806],{"class":34805},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34808,21546],{"class":58},[44,34810,34811,34814,34816,34819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34812,34813],{"class":3832},"    return",[44,34815,284],{"class":272},[44,34817,34818],{"class":276},"Hello",[44,34820,3318],{"class":272},[44,34822,34823],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,34824,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,34826,34827,34829,34831,34833],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,34828,128],{"class":127},[44,34830,115],{"class":58},[44,34832,34322],{"class":127},[44,34834,7141],{"class":58},[20,34836,34837],{},"The output will include names like:",[161,34839,34840,34844],{},[164,34841,34842],{},[15,34843,2130],{},[164,34845,34846],{},[15,34847,34848],{},"greet",[20,34850,34851],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[161,34853,34854,34857,34860],{},[164,34855,34856],{},"what variables exist",[164,34858,34859],{},"what functions you have defined",[164,34861,34862],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34864,34865],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34867,34869],{"id":34868},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34871,34872,34873,34875],{},"When you first use ",[15,34874,34261],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34877,2164],{},[35,34879,34880],{"className":37,"code":34631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34881,34882,34894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34883,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34885,34638],{"class":50},[44,34887,55],{"class":54},[44,34889,284],{"class":272},[44,34891,1262],{"class":276},[44,34893,3318],{"class":272},[44,34895,34896,34898,34900,34902,34904,34906],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,34897,128],{"class":127},[44,34899,115],{"class":58},[44,34901,34322],{"class":127},[44,34903,115],{"class":58},[44,34905,34659],{"class":111},[44,34907,637],{"class":58},[20,34909,34910],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[161,34912,34913,34917,34921],{},[164,34914,34915],{},[15,34916,34360],{},[164,34918,34919],{},[15,34920,34396],{},[164,34922,34923],{},[15,34924,34925],{},"__len__",[20,34927,34928],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34930,34931],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[161,34933,34934,34938,34942,34946],{},[164,34935,34936],{},[15,34937,34428],{},[164,34939,34940],{},[15,34941,8587],{},[164,34943,34944],{},[15,34945,34419],{},[164,34947,34948],{},[15,34949,34950],{},"replace",[20,34952,34953],{},"A key point to remember:",[161,34955,34956,34964],{},[164,34957,34958,34960,34961],{},[15,34959,34261],{}," lists ",[214,34962,34963],{},"names only",[164,34965,34966,34967,34969],{},"it does ",[214,34968,4583],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34971,34972,34973,108],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[394,34974,34976],{"href":34975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34977,34978],{},"help()",[20,34980,1659],{},[35,34982,34984],{"className":37,"code":34983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34985,34986,34998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34987,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34989,7824],{"class":50},[44,34991,55],{"class":54},[44,34993,284],{"class":272},[44,34995,1262],{"class":276},[44,34997,3318],{"class":272},[44,34999,35000,35002,35004,35006,35008,35010],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35001,1483],{"class":127},[44,35003,115],{"class":58},[44,35005,7616],{"class":111},[44,35007,108],{"class":58},[44,35009,34428],{"class":1492},[44,35011,121],{"class":58},[30,35013,35015,35017],{"id":35014},"dir-on-modules",[15,35016,34261],{}," on modules",[20,35019,15663,35020,35022],{},[15,35021,34261],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35024,35025],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[420,35027,35029,35030,35032],{"id":35028},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35031,18367],{}," module",[35,35034,35036],{"className":37,"code":35035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35037,35038,35046,35050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35039,35040,35043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35041,35042],{"class":3832},"import",[44,35044,35045],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,35047,35048],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35049,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35051,35052,35054,35056,35058,35060,35062],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35053,128],{"class":127},[44,35055,115],{"class":58},[44,35057,34322],{"class":127},[44,35059,115],{"class":58},[44,35061,18367],{"class":111},[44,35063,637],{"class":58},[20,35065,35066],{},"You may see names like:",[161,35068,35069,35074,35079,35084],{},[164,35070,35071],{},[15,35072,35073],{},"sqrt",[164,35075,35076],{},[15,35077,35078],{},"ceil",[164,35080,35081],{},[15,35082,35083],{},"floor",[164,35085,35086],{},[15,35087,35088],{},"pi",[20,35090,35091],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35093,35094],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[161,35096,35097,35103],{},[164,35098,35099],{},[394,35100,35102],{"href":35101},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[164,35104,35105],{},[394,35106,35108],{"href":35107},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[420,35110,35112],{"id":35111},"another-example","Another example",[35,35114,35116],{"className":37,"code":35115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35117,35118,35125,35129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35119,35120,35122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35121,35042],{"class":3832},[44,35123,35124],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35126,35127],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35128,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35130,35131,35133,35135,35137,35139,35142],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35132,128],{"class":127},[44,35134,115],{"class":58},[44,35136,34322],{"class":127},[44,35138,115],{"class":58},[44,35140,35141],{"class":111},"json",[44,35143,637],{"class":58},[20,35145,35146,35147,798,35150,798,35153,802,35156,108],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35148,35149],{},"dump",[15,35151,35152],{},"dumps",[15,35154,35155],{},"load",[15,35157,35158],{},"loads",[30,35160,35162,408,35164],{"id":35161},"dir-vs-help",[15,35163,34261],{},[15,35165,34978],{},[20,35167,35168,398,35170,35172],{},[15,35169,34261],{},[15,35171,34978],{}," are often used together.",[420,35174,35175],{"id":34322},[15,35176,34261],{},[161,35178,35179,35182],{},[164,35180,35181],{},"shows available names",[164,35183,35184],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[420,35186,35187],{"id":1483},[15,35188,34978],{},[161,35190,35191,35194],{},[164,35192,35193],{},"explains what an object or function does",[164,35195,35196],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35198,35199],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35201,35203],{"className":37,"code":35202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35204,35205,35217,35221,35235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35206,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35208,7824],{"class":50},[44,35210,55],{"class":54},[44,35212,284],{"class":272},[44,35214,1262],{"class":276},[44,35216,3318],{"class":272},[44,35218,35219],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35220,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35222,35223,35225,35227,35229,35231,35233],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35224,128],{"class":127},[44,35226,115],{"class":58},[44,35228,34322],{"class":127},[44,35230,115],{"class":58},[44,35232,7616],{"class":111},[44,35234,637],{"class":58},[44,35236,35237,35239,35241,35243,35245,35247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35238,1483],{"class":127},[44,35240,115],{"class":58},[44,35242,7616],{"class":111},[44,35244,108],{"class":58},[44,35246,34428],{"class":1492},[44,35248,121],{"class":58},[20,35250,144,35251,35253,35254,35256,35257,35259],{},[15,35252,34261],{}," first to find a method name.",[9796,35255],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35258,34978],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35261,25308],{"id":25307},[20,35263,35264],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[420,35266,35268,35270],{"id":35267},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35269,34261],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35272,35273,35275],{},[15,35274,34261],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35277,35278,35279,35281,35282,35285],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35280,34428],{}," in ",[15,35283,35284],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[420,35287,35289],{"id":35288},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35291,35292],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35294,35295],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[420,35297,35299],{"id":35298},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35301,35302],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35304,1659],{},[161,35306,35307,35312,35318],{},[164,35308,35309,35311],{},[15,35310,35284],{}," shows string-related names",[164,35313,35314,35317],{},[15,35315,35316],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[164,35319,35320,35323,35324,35032],{},[15,35321,35322],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35325,18367],{},[420,35327,35329],{"id":35328},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35331,35332,35333,35335],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35334,34261],{}," does not mean you already know:",[161,35337,35338,35341,35344],{},[164,35339,35340],{},"what it does",[164,35342,35343],{},"what arguments it needs",[164,35345,35346],{},"what it returns",[20,35348,35349,35350,35352],{},"That is why ",[15,35351,34978],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35354,2788],{"id":2787},[20,35356,35357,35358,35360],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35359,34261],{}," in these situations:",[161,35362,35363,35366,35375,35378],{},[164,35364,35365],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[164,35367,35368,35369,35374],{},"Seeing an ",[394,35370,35372],{"href":35371},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35373,25622],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[164,35376,35377],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[164,35379,582,35380,35382,35383],{},[15,35381,34261],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35384,34978],{},[20,35386,35387],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35389,35391],{"className":37,"code":35390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35392,35393,35405,35409,35423,35437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35394,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35396,7824],{"class":50},[44,35398,55],{"class":54},[44,35400,284],{"class":272},[44,35402,1262],{"class":276},[44,35404,3318],{"class":272},[44,35406,35407],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35408,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35410,35411,35413,35415,35417,35419,35421],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35412,128],{"class":127},[44,35414,115],{"class":58},[44,35416,1459],{"class":1458},[44,35418,115],{"class":58},[44,35420,7616],{"class":111},[44,35422,637],{"class":58},[44,35424,35425,35427,35429,35431,35433,35435],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35426,128],{"class":127},[44,35428,115],{"class":58},[44,35430,34322],{"class":127},[44,35432,115],{"class":58},[44,35434,7616],{"class":111},[44,35436,637],{"class":58},[44,35438,35439,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,35440,1483],{"class":127},[44,35442,115],{"class":58},[44,35444,7616],{"class":111},[44,35446,108],{"class":58},[44,35448,34428],{"class":1492},[44,35450,121],{"class":58},[20,35452,35453],{},"And for modules:",[35,35455,35456],{"className":37,"code":35035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35457,35458,35464,35468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35459,35460,35462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35461,35042],{"class":3832},[44,35463,35045],{"class":50},[44,35465,35466],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35467,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35469,35470,35472,35474,35476,35478,35480],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35471,128],{"class":127},[44,35473,115],{"class":58},[44,35475,34322],{"class":127},[44,35477,115],{"class":58},[44,35479,18367],{"class":111},[44,35481,637],{"class":58},[20,35483,35484],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35486,35488],{"className":37,"code":35487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35489,35490,35495,35507,35517,35531,35537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35491,35492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35493,35494],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35496,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35498,7824],{"class":50},[44,35500,55],{"class":54},[44,35502,284],{"class":272},[44,35504,1262],{"class":276},[44,35506,3318],{"class":272},[44,35508,35509,35511,35513,35515],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35510,34322],{"class":127},[44,35512,115],{"class":58},[44,35514,7616],{"class":111},[44,35516,121],{"class":58},[44,35518,35519,35521,35523,35525,35527,35529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35520,1483],{"class":127},[44,35522,115],{"class":58},[44,35524,7616],{"class":111},[44,35526,108],{"class":58},[44,35528,34428],{"class":1492},[44,35530,121],{"class":58},[44,35532,35533,35535],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,35534,35042],{"class":3832},[44,35536,35045],{"class":50},[44,35538,35539,35541,35543,35545],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,35540,34322],{"class":127},[44,35542,115],{"class":58},[44,35544,18367],{"class":111},[44,35546,121],{"class":58},[30,35548,1757],{"id":1756},[420,35550,5096,35552,5099],{"id":35551},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35553,34261],{},[20,35555,35556],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[420,35558,1773,35560,398,35562,1778],{"id":35559},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35561,34261],{},[15,35563,34978],{},[20,35565,35566,35568,35569,35571],{},[15,35567,34261],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35570,34978],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[420,35573,35575,35576,35578],{"id":35574},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35577,34261],{}," output?",[20,35580,35581],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[420,35583,5124,35585,35587,35588,1778],{"id":35584},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35586,34261],{}," help fix ",[15,35589,25622],{},[20,35591,35592,35593,108],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[394,35594,35595],{"href":35371},"object has no attribute",[30,35597,1821],{"id":1820},[161,35599,35600,35606,35611,35615,35619],{},[164,35601,35602],{},[394,35603,3536,35604,3469],{"href":34975},[15,35605,34978],{},[164,35607,35608],{},[394,35609,35610],{"href":35371},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[164,35612,35613],{},[394,35614,35102],{"href":35101},[164,35616,35617],{},[394,35618,35108],{"href":35107},[164,35620,35621],{},[394,35622,3536,35623,3469],{"href":34759},[15,35624,2258],{},[20,35626,35627,35628,35630,35631,35633],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35629,34261],{}," together with ",[15,35632,34978],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1872,35635,35636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":35638},[35639,35640,35642,35647,35652,35654,35655,35661,35666,35673,35674,35684],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":34438,"depth":75,"text":35641},"What dir() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":35643},[35644,35646],{"id":34491,"depth":95,"text":35645},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34547,"depth":95,"text":34333},{"id":34615,"depth":75,"text":35648,"children":35649},"Using dir() with a value",[35650,35651],{"id":34627,"depth":95,"text":34628},{"id":34688,"depth":95,"text":34689},{"id":34768,"depth":75,"text":35653},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34868,"depth":75,"text":34869},{"id":35014,"depth":75,"text":35656,"children":35657},"dir() on modules",[35658,35660],{"id":35028,"depth":95,"text":35659},"Example: math module",{"id":35111,"depth":95,"text":35112},{"id":35161,"depth":75,"text":35662,"children":35663},"dir() vs help()",[35664,35665],{"id":34322,"depth":95,"text":34261},{"id":1483,"depth":95,"text":34978},{"id":25307,"depth":75,"text":25308,"children":35667},[35668,35670,35671,35672],{"id":35267,"depth":95,"text":35669},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35288,"depth":95,"text":35289},{"id":35298,"depth":95,"text":35299},{"id":35328,"depth":95,"text":35329},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":35675},[35676,35678,35680,35682],{"id":35551,"depth":95,"text":35677},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35559,"depth":95,"text":35679},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35574,"depth":95,"text":35681},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35584,"depth":95,"text":35683},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34253,"description":35685},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35692,"title":35693,"body":35694,"description":37510,"extension":1921,"meta":37511,"navigation":98,"path":37512,"seo":37513,"stem":37514,"__hash__":37515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35695,"toc":37479},[35696,35702,35707,35710,35718,35724,35726,35806,35808,35834,35839,35844,35849,35852,35863,35866,35868,35947,35949,35975,35982,35984,35986,36011,36014,36027,36032,36034,36113,36115,36141,36150,36155,36163,36169,36176,36179,36181,36258,36261,36318,36320,36357,36363,36368,36373,36376,36390,36392,36495,36497,36540,36549,36559,36566,36572,36579,36662,36664,36687,36690,36693,36695,36699,36703,36706,36769,36792,36795,36799,36805,36807,36874,36877,36954,36959,36965,36968,36971,37017,37019,37043,37048,37052,37057,37063,37126,37129,37131,37134,37159,37162,37297,37299,37400,37402,37407,37410,37416,37426,37434,37439,37445,37451,37453,37476],[10,35697,3536,35699,3540],{"id":35698},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35700,35701],{},"enumerate()",[20,35703,35704,35706],{},[15,35705,35701],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35708,35709],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[161,35711,35712,35715],{},[164,35713,35714],{},"the item itself",[164,35716,35717],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35719,35720,35721,35723],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35722,35701],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35725,33],{"id":32},[35,35727,35729],{"className":37,"code":35728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35730,35731,35763,35767,35790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35732,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35734,13026],{"class":50},[44,35736,55],{"class":54},[44,35738,59],{"class":58},[44,35740,273],{"class":272},[44,35742,13043],{"class":276},[44,35744,273],{"class":272},[44,35746,66],{"class":58},[44,35748,284],{"class":272},[44,35750,17405],{"class":276},[44,35752,273],{"class":272},[44,35754,66],{"class":58},[44,35756,284],{"class":272},[44,35758,13060],{"class":276},[44,35760,273],{"class":272},[44,35762,72],{"class":58},[44,35764,35765],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35766,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35768,35769,35771,35774,35776,35779,35781,35784,35786,35788],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35770,5909],{"class":3832},[44,35772,35773],{"class":50}," index",[44,35775,66],{"class":58},[44,35777,35778],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35780,3839],{"class":3832},[44,35782,35783],{"class":127}," enumerate",[44,35785,115],{"class":58},[44,35787,17452],{"class":111},[44,35789,8288],{"class":58},[44,35791,35792,35794,35796,35799,35801,35804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35793,8017],{"class":127},[44,35795,115],{"class":58},[44,35797,35798],{"class":111},"index",[44,35800,66],{"class":58},[44,35802,35803],{"class":111}," color",[44,35805,121],{"class":58},[20,35807,2028],{},[35,35809,35811],{"className":37,"code":35810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35812,35813,35820,35827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35814,35815,35817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35816,746],{"class":62},[44,35818,35819],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35821,35822,35824],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35823,63],{"class":62},[44,35825,35826],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35828,35829,35831],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35830,801],{"class":62},[44,35832,35833],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35835,144,35836,35838],{},[15,35837,35701],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35840,151,35842,154],{"id":35841},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35843,35701],{},[20,35845,35846,35848],{},[15,35847,35701],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35850,35851],{},"It is commonly used with:",[161,35853,35854,35856,35858,35860],{},[164,35855,5254],{},[164,35857,5257],{},[164,35859,5263],{},[164,35861,35862],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35864,35865],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35867,2164],{},[35,35869,35871],{"className":37,"code":35870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35872,35873,35907,35911,35932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35874,35875,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887,35889,35891,35894,35896,35898,35900,35903,35905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35876,4948],{"class":50},[44,35878,55],{"class":54},[44,35880,59],{"class":58},[44,35882,273],{"class":272},[44,35884,12830],{"class":276},[44,35886,273],{"class":272},[44,35888,66],{"class":58},[44,35890,284],{"class":272},[44,35892,35893],{"class":276},"Ben",[44,35895,273],{"class":272},[44,35897,66],{"class":58},[44,35899,284],{"class":272},[44,35901,35902],{"class":276},"Cara",[44,35904,273],{"class":272},[44,35906,72],{"class":58},[44,35908,35909],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35910,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,35912,35913,35915,35917,35919,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35914,5909],{"class":3832},[44,35916,35773],{"class":50},[44,35918,66],{"class":58},[44,35920,35921],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35923,3839],{"class":3832},[44,35925,35783],{"class":127},[44,35927,115],{"class":58},[44,35929,4992],{"class":111},[44,35931,8288],{"class":58},[44,35933,35934,35936,35938,35940,35942,35945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35935,8017],{"class":127},[44,35937,115],{"class":58},[44,35939,35798],{"class":111},[44,35941,66],{"class":58},[44,35943,35944],{"class":111}," name",[44,35946,121],{"class":58},[20,35948,2028],{},[35,35950,35952],{"className":37,"code":35951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35953,35954,35961,35968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35955,35956,35958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35957,746],{"class":62},[44,35959,35960],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35962,35963,35965],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,35964,63],{"class":62},[44,35966,35967],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35969,35970,35972],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,35971,801],{"class":62},[44,35973,35974],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35976,35977,35978,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[394,35979,35981],{"href":35980},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35983,188],{"id":187},[20,35985,2116],{},[35,35987,35989],{"className":37,"code":35988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35990,35991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35992,35993,35996,35998,36000,36002,36005,36007,36009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35994,35995],{"class":127},"enumerate",[44,35997,115],{"class":58},[44,35999,207],{"class":111},[44,36001,66],{"class":58},[44,36003,36004],{"class":9124}," start",[44,36006,55],{"class":54},[44,36008,746],{"class":62},[44,36010,121],{"class":58},[20,36012,36013],{},"It has two parts:",[161,36015,36016,36021],{},[164,36017,36018,36020],{},[15,36019,207],{},": the object you want to loop through",[164,36022,36023,36026],{},[15,36024,36025],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36028,36029,36030,108],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36031,746],{},[20,36033,2164],{},[35,36035,36037],{"className":37,"code":36036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36038,36039,36071,36075,36097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36040,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049,36051,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36042,672],{"class":50},[44,36044,55],{"class":54},[44,36046,59],{"class":58},[44,36048,273],{"class":272},[44,36050,394],{"class":276},[44,36052,273],{"class":272},[44,36054,66],{"class":58},[44,36056,284],{"class":272},[44,36058,4714],{"class":276},[44,36060,273],{"class":272},[44,36062,66],{"class":58},[44,36064,284],{"class":272},[44,36066,9689],{"class":276},[44,36068,273],{"class":272},[44,36070,72],{"class":58},[44,36072,36073],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36074,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36076,36077,36079,36082,36084,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36078,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36080,36081],{"class":50}," i",[44,36083,66],{"class":58},[44,36085,36086],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,36088,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36090,35783],{"class":127},[44,36092,115],{"class":58},[44,36094,689],{"class":111},[44,36096,8288],{"class":58},[44,36098,36099,36101,36103,36106,36108,36111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36100,8017],{"class":127},[44,36102,115],{"class":58},[44,36104,36105],{"class":111},"i",[44,36107,66],{"class":58},[44,36109,36110],{"class":111}," letter",[44,36112,121],{"class":58},[20,36114,2028],{},[35,36116,36118],{"className":37,"code":36117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36119,36120,36127,36134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36121,36122,36124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36123,746],{"class":62},[44,36125,36126],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36128,36129,36131],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36130,63],{"class":62},[44,36132,36133],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36135,36136,36138],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36137,801],{"class":62},[44,36139,36140],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36142,36143,36144,108],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[394,36145,3536,36147,3469],{"href":36146},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36148,36149],{},"range()",[30,36151,151,36153,11655],{"id":36152},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36154,35701],{},[20,36156,36157,36159,36160,108],{},[15,36158,35701],{}," returns an ",[214,36161,36162],{},"enumerate object",[20,36164,36165,36166,36168],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36167,5909],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[161,36170,36171],{},[164,36172,36173],{},[15,36174,36175],{},"(index, item)",[20,36177,36178],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36180,2164],{},[35,36182,36184],{"className":37,"code":36183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36185,36186,36218,36222,36243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36187,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214,36216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36189,265],{"class":50},[44,36191,55],{"class":54},[44,36193,59],{"class":58},[44,36195,273],{"class":272},[44,36197,277],{"class":276},[44,36199,273],{"class":272},[44,36201,66],{"class":58},[44,36203,284],{"class":272},[44,36205,287],{"class":276},[44,36207,273],{"class":272},[44,36209,66],{"class":58},[44,36211,284],{"class":272},[44,36213,305],{"class":276},[44,36215,273],{"class":272},[44,36217,72],{"class":58},[44,36219,36220],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36221,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36223,36224,36226,36228,36230,36233,36235,36237,36239,36241],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36225,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36227,35773],{"class":50},[44,36229,66],{"class":58},[44,36231,36232],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36234,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36236,35783],{"class":127},[44,36238,115],{"class":58},[44,36240,327],{"class":111},[44,36242,8288],{"class":58},[44,36244,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36246,8017],{"class":127},[44,36248,115],{"class":58},[44,36250,35798],{"class":111},[44,36252,66],{"class":58},[44,36254,36255],{"class":111}," fruit",[44,36257,121],{"class":58},[20,36259,36260],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36262,36264],{"className":37,"code":36263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36265,36266,36286,36290,36308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36267,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36269,51],{"class":50},[44,36271,55],{"class":54},[44,36273,59],{"class":58},[44,36275,2287],{"class":62},[44,36277,66],{"class":58},[44,36279,7738],{"class":62},[44,36281,66],{"class":58},[44,36283,7743],{"class":62},[44,36285,72],{"class":58},[44,36287,36288],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36289,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36291,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36293,911],{"class":50},[44,36295,55],{"class":54},[44,36297,22510],{"class":1458},[44,36299,115],{"class":58},[44,36301,35995],{"class":127},[44,36303,115],{"class":58},[44,36305,105],{"class":111},[44,36307,637],{"class":58},[44,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36311,128],{"class":127},[44,36313,115],{"class":58},[44,36315,943],{"class":111},[44,36317,121],{"class":58},[20,36319,2028],{},[35,36321,36323],{"className":37,"code":36322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36324,36325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36326,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36328,21691],{"class":58},[44,36330,746],{"class":62},[44,36332,66],{"class":58},[44,36334,5956],{"class":62},[44,36336,9182],{"class":58},[44,36338,9185],{"class":58},[44,36340,63],{"class":62},[44,36342,66],{"class":58},[44,36344,7738],{"class":62},[44,36346,9182],{"class":58},[44,36348,9185],{"class":58},[44,36350,801],{"class":62},[44,36352,66],{"class":58},[44,36354,7743],{"class":62},[44,36356,9198],{"class":58},[20,36358,36359,36360,36362],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36361,35701],{}," produces.",[30,36364,1638,36366],{"id":36365},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36367,35701],{},[20,36369,144,36370,36372],{},[15,36371,35701],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36374,36375],{},"Common cases:",[161,36377,36378,36381,36384,36387],{},[164,36379,36380],{},"printing numbered output",[164,36382,36383],{},"building menus",[164,36385,36386],{},"showing positions in a list",[164,36388,36389],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36391,2164],{},[35,36393,36395],{"className":37,"code":36394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36396,36397,36432,36436,36466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36398,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407,36410,36412,36414,36416,36419,36421,36423,36425,36428,36430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36400,29849],{"class":50},[44,36402,55],{"class":54},[44,36404,59],{"class":58},[44,36406,273],{"class":272},[44,36408,36409],{"class":276},"Wash dishes",[44,36411,273],{"class":272},[44,36413,66],{"class":58},[44,36415,284],{"class":272},[44,36417,36418],{"class":276},"Study Python",[44,36420,273],{"class":272},[44,36422,66],{"class":58},[44,36424,284],{"class":272},[44,36426,36427],{"class":276},"Go for a walk",[44,36429,273],{"class":272},[44,36431,72],{"class":58},[44,36433,36434],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36435,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36437,36438,36440,36442,36444,36447,36449,36451,36453,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36439,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36441,2153],{"class":50},[44,36443,66],{"class":58},[44,36445,36446],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36448,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36450,35783],{"class":127},[44,36452,115],{"class":58},[44,36454,36455],{"class":111},"tasks",[44,36457,66],{"class":58},[44,36459,36004],{"class":9124},[44,36461,55],{"class":54},[44,36463,63],{"class":62},[44,36465,8288],{"class":58},[44,36467,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36489,36491,36493],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36469,8017],{"class":127},[44,36471,115],{"class":58},[44,36473,22245],{"class":2022},[44,36475,273],{"class":276},[44,36477,9227],{"class":62},[44,36479,2196],{"class":111},[44,36481,22254],{"class":62},[44,36483,28265],{"class":276},[44,36485,9227],{"class":62},[44,36487,36488],{"class":111},"task",[44,36490,22254],{"class":62},[44,36492,273],{"class":276},[44,36494,121],{"class":58},[20,36496,2028],{},[35,36498,36500],{"className":37,"code":36499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36501,36502,36514,36526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36503,36504,36506,36508,36511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36505,63],{"class":62},[44,36507,108],{"class":58},[44,36509,36510],{"class":1492}," Wash",[44,36512,36513],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36515,36516,36518,36520,36523],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36517,801],{"class":62},[44,36519,108],{"class":58},[44,36521,36522],{"class":1492}," Study",[44,36524,36525],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36527,36528,36530,36532,36535,36537],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36529,85],{"class":62},[44,36531,108],{"class":58},[44,36533,36534],{"class":1492}," Go",[44,36536,3833],{"class":3832},[44,36538,36539],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36541,36542,36543,36545,36546,108],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36544,35701],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36547,36548],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36550,36551,36552,108],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[394,36553,36555,36556,36558],{"href":36554},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36557,35701],{}," in Python",[30,36560,36562,36563,36565],{"id":36561},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36564,36025],{}," argument",[20,36567,36568,36569,36571],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36570,36025],{}," argument.",[20,36573,36574,36575,11042,36577,159],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36576,63],{},[15,36578,746],{},[35,36580,36582],{"className":37,"code":36581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36583,36584,36616,36620,36648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36585,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36587,13026],{"class":50},[44,36589,55],{"class":54},[44,36591,59],{"class":58},[44,36593,273],{"class":272},[44,36595,13043],{"class":276},[44,36597,273],{"class":272},[44,36599,66],{"class":58},[44,36601,284],{"class":272},[44,36603,17405],{"class":276},[44,36605,273],{"class":272},[44,36607,66],{"class":58},[44,36609,284],{"class":272},[44,36611,13060],{"class":276},[44,36613,273],{"class":272},[44,36615,72],{"class":58},[44,36617,36618],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36619,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36621,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36623,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36625,35773],{"class":50},[44,36627,66],{"class":58},[44,36629,35778],{"class":50},[44,36631,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36633,35783],{"class":127},[44,36635,115],{"class":58},[44,36637,17452],{"class":111},[44,36639,66],{"class":58},[44,36641,36004],{"class":9124},[44,36643,55],{"class":54},[44,36645,63],{"class":62},[44,36647,8288],{"class":58},[44,36649,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36651,8017],{"class":127},[44,36653,115],{"class":58},[44,36655,35798],{"class":111},[44,36657,66],{"class":58},[44,36659,35803],{"class":111},[44,36661,121],{"class":58},[20,36663,2028],{},[35,36665,36667],{"className":37,"code":36666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36668,36669,36675,36681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36670,36671,36673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36672,63],{"class":62},[44,36674,35819],{"class":50},[44,36676,36677,36679],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36678,801],{"class":62},[44,36680,35826],{"class":50},[44,36682,36683,36685],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36684,85],{"class":62},[44,36686,35833],{"class":50},[20,36688,36689],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36691,36692],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36694,25308],{"id":25307},[20,36696,25311,36697,108],{},[15,36698,35701],{},[420,36700,36702],{"id":36701},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36704,36705],{},"In this loop:",[35,36707,36709],{"className":37,"code":36708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36710,36711,36731,36735,36755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36712,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36714,51],{"class":50},[44,36716,55],{"class":54},[44,36718,59],{"class":58},[44,36720,2287],{"class":62},[44,36722,66],{"class":58},[44,36724,7738],{"class":62},[44,36726,66],{"class":58},[44,36728,7743],{"class":62},[44,36730,72],{"class":58},[44,36732,36733],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36734,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36736,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36738,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36740,35773],{"class":50},[44,36742,66],{"class":58},[44,36744,21535],{"class":50},[44,36746,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36748,35783],{"class":127},[44,36750,115],{"class":58},[44,36752,105],{"class":111},[44,36754,8288],{"class":58},[44,36756,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36758,8017],{"class":127},[44,36760,115],{"class":58},[44,36762,35798],{"class":111},[44,36764,66],{"class":58},[44,36766,8379],{"class":111},[44,36768,121],{"class":58},[161,36770,36771,36781],{},[164,36772,36773,4737,36775,798,36777,798,36779],{},[15,36774,35798],{},[15,36776,746],{},[15,36778,63],{},[15,36780,801],{},[164,36782,36783,4737,36785,798,36787,798,36789],{},[15,36784,2429],{},[15,36786,2287],{},[15,36788,15703],{},[15,36790,36791],{},"30",[20,36793,36794],{},"These are different things.",[420,36796,36798],{"id":36797},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36800,36801,36802,36804],{},"Each item from ",[15,36803,35701],{}," is a pair.",[20,36806,6634],{},[35,36808,36810],{"className":37,"code":36809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36811,36812,36836,36840,36860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36813,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36815,818],{"class":50},[44,36817,55],{"class":54},[44,36819,59],{"class":58},[44,36821,273],{"class":272},[44,36823,2130],{"class":276},[44,36825,273],{"class":272},[44,36827,66],{"class":58},[44,36829,284],{"class":272},[44,36831,11695],{"class":276},[44,36833,273],{"class":272},[44,36835,72],{"class":58},[44,36837,36838],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36839,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36841,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36843,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36845,36081],{"class":50},[44,36847,66],{"class":58},[44,36849,5912],{"class":50},[44,36851,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36853,35783],{"class":127},[44,36855,115],{"class":58},[44,36857,835],{"class":111},[44,36859,8288],{"class":58},[44,36861,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36863,8017],{"class":127},[44,36865,115],{"class":58},[44,36867,36105],{"class":111},[44,36869,66],{"class":58},[44,36871,29458],{"class":111},[44,36873,121],{"class":58},[20,36875,36876],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36878,36880],{"className":37,"code":36879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36881,36882,36906,36910,36935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36883,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36885,818],{"class":50},[44,36887,55],{"class":54},[44,36889,59],{"class":58},[44,36891,273],{"class":272},[44,36893,2130],{"class":276},[44,36895,273],{"class":272},[44,36897,66],{"class":58},[44,36899,284],{"class":272},[44,36901,11695],{"class":276},[44,36903,273],{"class":272},[44,36905,72],{"class":58},[44,36907,36908],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,36909,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,36911,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,36913,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36915,36081],{"class":50},[44,36917,66],{"class":58},[44,36919,29458],{"class":50},[44,36921,66],{"class":58},[44,36923,36924],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36926,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36928,35783],{"class":127},[44,36930,115],{"class":58},[44,36932,835],{"class":111},[44,36934,8288],{"class":58},[44,36936,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36938,8017],{"class":127},[44,36940,115],{"class":58},[44,36942,36105],{"class":111},[44,36944,66],{"class":58},[44,36946,29458],{"class":111},[44,36948,66],{"class":58},[44,36950,36951],{"class":111}," extra",[44,36953,121],{"class":58},[20,36955,29012,36956,36958],{},[15,36957,35701],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[420,36960,36962,36964],{"id":36961},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36963,35701],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36966,36967],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36969,36970],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36972,36974],{"className":37,"code":36973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36975,36976,37002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36977,36978,36980,36982,36984,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36998,37000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36979,5909],{"class":3832},[44,36981,35773],{"class":50},[44,36983,66],{"class":58},[44,36985,36986],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36988,3839],{"class":3832},[44,36990,35783],{"class":127},[44,36992,115],{"class":58},[44,36994,273],{"class":272},[44,36996,36997],{"class":276},"cat",[44,36999,273],{"class":272},[44,37001,8288],{"class":58},[44,37003,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37015],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37005,8017],{"class":127},[44,37007,115],{"class":58},[44,37009,35798],{"class":111},[44,37011,66],{"class":58},[44,37013,37014],{"class":111}," char",[44,37016,121],{"class":58},[20,37018,2028],{},[35,37020,37022],{"className":37,"code":37021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37023,37024,37030,37036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37025,37026,37028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37027,746],{"class":62},[44,37029,36140],{"class":50},[44,37031,37032,37034],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37033,63],{"class":62},[44,37035,36126],{"class":50},[44,37037,37038,37040],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37039,801],{"class":62},[44,37041,37042],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,37044,37045,37046,108],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[394,37047,5090],{"href":5537},[420,37049,37051],{"id":37050},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37053,37054,37055,108],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37056,35701],{},[20,37058,37059,37060,37062],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37061,5909],{}," loop:",[35,37064,37066],{"className":37,"code":37065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37067,37068,37100,37104,37116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37069,37070,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37071,13026],{"class":50},[44,37073,55],{"class":54},[44,37075,59],{"class":58},[44,37077,273],{"class":272},[44,37079,13043],{"class":276},[44,37081,273],{"class":272},[44,37083,66],{"class":58},[44,37085,284],{"class":272},[44,37087,17405],{"class":276},[44,37089,273],{"class":272},[44,37091,66],{"class":58},[44,37093,284],{"class":272},[44,37095,13060],{"class":276},[44,37097,273],{"class":272},[44,37099,72],{"class":58},[44,37101,37102],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37103,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,37105,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37107,5909],{"class":3832},[44,37109,35778],{"class":50},[44,37111,3839],{"class":3832},[44,37113,13074],{"class":50},[44,37115,6344],{"class":58},[44,37117,37118,37120,37122,37124],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37119,8017],{"class":127},[44,37121,115],{"class":58},[44,37123,32842],{"class":111},[44,37125,121],{"class":58},[20,37127,37128],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37130,2788],{"id":2787},[20,37132,37133],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[161,37135,37136,37141,37147,37152],{},[164,37137,23051,37138,37140],{},[15,37139,35701],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[164,37142,37143,37144,37146],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37145,746],{}," by default",[164,37148,582,37149,37151],{},[15,37150,35701],{}," when only values are needed",[164,37153,37154,37155,8652,37157],{},"Confusing ",[15,37156,35701],{},[15,37158,36149],{},[20,37160,37161],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37163,37165],{"className":37,"code":37164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37166,37167,37189,37216,37250,37283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37168,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37170,128],{"class":127},[44,37172,115],{"class":58},[44,37174,35995],{"class":127},[44,37176,457],{"class":58},[44,37178,2287],{"class":62},[44,37180,66],{"class":58},[44,37182,7738],{"class":62},[44,37184,66],{"class":58},[44,37186,7743],{"class":62},[44,37188,2957],{"class":58},[44,37190,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37205,37207,37209,37211,37213],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37192,128],{"class":127},[44,37194,115],{"class":58},[44,37196,226],{"class":1458},[44,37198,115],{"class":58},[44,37200,35995],{"class":127},[44,37202,457],{"class":58},[44,37204,2287],{"class":62},[44,37206,66],{"class":58},[44,37208,7738],{"class":62},[44,37210,66],{"class":58},[44,37212,7743],{"class":62},[44,37214,37215],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37219,128],{"class":127},[44,37221,115],{"class":58},[44,37223,226],{"class":1458},[44,37225,115],{"class":58},[44,37227,35995],{"class":127},[44,37229,457],{"class":58},[44,37231,2287],{"class":62},[44,37233,66],{"class":58},[44,37235,7738],{"class":62},[44,37237,66],{"class":58},[44,37239,7743],{"class":62},[44,37241,18012],{"class":58},[44,37243,36004],{"class":9124},[44,37245,55],{"class":54},[44,37247,63],{"class":62},[44,37249,2871],{"class":58},[44,37251,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37253,5909],{"class":3832},[44,37255,36081],{"class":50},[44,37257,66],{"class":58},[44,37259,21535],{"class":50},[44,37261,3839],{"class":3832},[44,37263,35783],{"class":127},[44,37265,457],{"class":58},[44,37267,3259],{"class":272},[44,37269,394],{"class":276},[44,37271,3259],{"class":272},[44,37273,66],{"class":58},[44,37275,3254],{"class":272},[44,37277,4714],{"class":276},[44,37279,3259],{"class":272},[44,37281,37282],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,37284,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293,37295],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,37286,8017],{"class":127},[44,37288,115],{"class":58},[44,37290,36105],{"class":111},[44,37292,66],{"class":58},[44,37294,8379],{"class":111},[44,37296,121],{"class":58},[20,37298,16908],{},[35,37300,37302],{"className":37,"code":37301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37303,37304,37324,37356,37388,37394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37305,37306,37308,37310,37312,37315,37319,37322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37307,3248],{"class":54},[44,37309,35995],{"class":127},[44,37311,24568],{"class":1458},[44,37313,37314],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37316,37318],{"class":37317},"srjyR","0x",[44,37320,37321],{"class":34403},"...",[44,37323,3262],{"class":54},[44,37325,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37327,21691],{"class":58},[44,37329,746],{"class":62},[44,37331,66],{"class":58},[44,37333,5956],{"class":62},[44,37335,9182],{"class":58},[44,37337,9185],{"class":58},[44,37339,63],{"class":62},[44,37341,66],{"class":58},[44,37343,7738],{"class":62},[44,37345,9182],{"class":58},[44,37347,9185],{"class":58},[44,37349,801],{"class":62},[44,37351,66],{"class":58},[44,37353,7743],{"class":62},[44,37355,9198],{"class":58},[44,37357,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37359,21691],{"class":58},[44,37361,63],{"class":62},[44,37363,66],{"class":58},[44,37365,5956],{"class":62},[44,37367,9182],{"class":58},[44,37369,9185],{"class":58},[44,37371,801],{"class":62},[44,37373,66],{"class":58},[44,37375,7738],{"class":62},[44,37377,9182],{"class":58},[44,37379,9185],{"class":58},[44,37381,85],{"class":62},[44,37383,66],{"class":58},[44,37385,7743],{"class":62},[44,37387,9198],{"class":58},[44,37389,37390,37392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37391,746],{"class":62},[44,37393,36126],{"class":50},[44,37395,37396,37398],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,37397,63],{"class":62},[44,37399,36133],{"class":50},[30,37401,1757],{"id":1756},[420,37403,5096,37405,5099],{"id":37404},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37406,35701],{},[20,37408,37409],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[420,37411,1761,37413,37415],{"id":37412},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37414,35701],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37417,37418,37419,37421,37422,37425],{},"It starts at ",[15,37420,746],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37423,37424],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[420,37427,21371,37429,11042,37431,1778],{"id":37428},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37430,35701],{},[15,37432,37433],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37435,36542,37436,37438],{},[15,37437,35701],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[420,37440,5124,37442,37444],{"id":37441},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37443,35701],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37446,37447,37448,37450],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37449,35701],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37452,1821],{"id":1820},[161,37454,37455,37459,37465,37472],{},[164,37456,37457],{},[394,37458,35981],{"href":35980},[164,37460,37461],{},[394,37462,3536,37463,3469],{"href":36146},[15,37464,36149],{},[164,37466,37467],{},[394,37468,37469,37470,36558],{"href":36554},"How to use ",[15,37471,35701],{},[164,37473,37474],{},[394,37475,5170],{"href":5537},[1872,37477,37478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":37480},[37481,37482,37484,37485,37487,37489,37491,37498,37499,37509],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":35841,"depth":75,"text":37483},"What enumerate() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":36152,"depth":75,"text":37486},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36365,"depth":75,"text":37488},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36561,"depth":75,"text":37490},"Using the start argument",{"id":25307,"depth":75,"text":25308,"children":37492},[37493,37494,37495,37497],{"id":36701,"depth":95,"text":36702},{"id":36797,"depth":95,"text":36798},{"id":36961,"depth":95,"text":37496},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37050,"depth":95,"text":37051},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":37500},[37501,37503,37505,37507],{"id":37404,"depth":95,"text":37502},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37412,"depth":95,"text":37504},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37428,"depth":95,"text":37506},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37441,"depth":95,"text":37508},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35693,"description":37510},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37517,"title":37518,"body":37519,"description":40034,"extension":1921,"meta":40035,"navigation":98,"path":40036,"seo":40037,"stem":40038,"__hash__":40039},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37520,"toc":39991},[37521,37527,37532,37535,37543,37557,37559,37650,37658,37663,37668,37670,37686,37688,37767,37769,37786,37792,37796,37798,37819,37823,37826,37838,37842,37845,37848,37865,37868,37944,37946,37963,37968,37972,37980,37983,37998,38000,38089,38091,38136,38139,38143,38146,38225,38227,38249,38252,38259,38264,38267,38370,38372,38397,38400,38407,38413,38418,38421,38432,38538,38540,38561,38569,38576,38582,38601,38606,38609,38628,38630,38715,38717,38746,38749,38754,38759,38762,38773,38775,38864,38866,38886,38892,38998,39000,39020,39023,39107,39109,39129,39136,39138,39142,39148,39151,39208,39211,39214,39275,39284,39287,39290,39318,39321,39381,39383,39400,39404,39407,39485,39487,39507,39510,39585,39589,39592,39594,39603,39607,39609,39660,39668,39680,39685,39746,39748,39765,39769,39832,39834,39859,39867,39869,39875,39881,39888,39896,39902,39905,39912,39922,39928,39934,39937,39954,39960,39962,39988],[10,37522,3536,37524,3540],{"id":37523},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37525,37526],{},"filter()",[20,37528,37529,37531],{},[15,37530,37526],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37533,37534],{},"It takes:",[161,37536,37537,37540],{},[164,37538,37539],{},"a function that checks each item",[164,37541,37542],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37544,37545,37546,37549,37550,37553,37554,37556],{},"The result is ",[214,37547,37548],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37551,37552],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37555,24731],{}," to see the values.",[30,37558,33],{"id":32},[35,37560,37562],{"className":37,"code":37561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37563,37564,37597,37633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37567,51],{"class":50},[44,37569,55],{"class":54},[44,37571,59],{"class":58},[44,37573,63],{"class":62},[44,37575,66],{"class":58},[44,37577,69],{"class":62},[44,37579,66],{"class":58},[44,37581,2408],{"class":62},[44,37583,66],{"class":58},[44,37585,90],{"class":62},[44,37587,66],{"class":58},[44,37589,4557],{"class":62},[44,37591,66],{"class":58},[44,37593,37594],{"class":62}," 6",[44,37596,72],{"class":58},[44,37598,37599,37601,37603,37606,37608,37611,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625,37627,37629,37631],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37600,911],{"class":50},[44,37602,55],{"class":54},[44,37604,37605],{"class":127}," filter",[44,37607,115],{"class":58},[44,37609,37610],{"class":2022},"lambda",[44,37612,37614],{"class":37613},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37616,159],{"class":58},[44,37618,3836],{"class":111},[44,37620,6354],{"class":54},[44,37622,69],{"class":62},[44,37624,6359],{"class":54},[44,37626,3790],{"class":62},[44,37628,66],{"class":58},[44,37630,916],{"class":111},[44,37632,121],{"class":58},[44,37634,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37636,128],{"class":127},[44,37638,115],{"class":58},[44,37640,226],{"class":1458},[44,37642,115],{"class":58},[44,37644,943],{"class":111},[44,37646,5315],{"class":58},[44,37648,37649],{"class":140},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37651,37652,37654,37655,37657],{},[15,37653,37526],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37656,24731],{}," to see the results.",[30,37659,151,37661,154],{"id":37660},"what-filter-does",[15,37662,37526],{},[20,37664,37665,37667],{},[15,37666,37526],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37669,2065],{},[161,37671,37672,37675,37681],{},[164,37673,37674],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[164,37676,37677,37678,37680],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37679,3565],{},", the item is kept",[164,37682,37677,37683,37685],{},[15,37684,3633],{},", the item is removed",[20,37687,2164],{},[35,37689,37691],{"className":37,"code":37690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37692,37693,37721,37725,37753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37694,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37696,51],{"class":50},[44,37698,55],{"class":54},[44,37700,59],{"class":58},[44,37702,63],{"class":62},[44,37704,66],{"class":58},[44,37706,69],{"class":62},[44,37708,66],{"class":58},[44,37710,2408],{"class":62},[44,37712,66],{"class":58},[44,37714,90],{"class":62},[44,37716,66],{"class":58},[44,37718,4557],{"class":62},[44,37720,72],{"class":58},[44,37722,37723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37724,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,37726,37727,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37728,911],{"class":50},[44,37730,55],{"class":54},[44,37732,37605],{"class":127},[44,37734,115],{"class":58},[44,37736,37610],{"class":2022},[44,37738,37614],{"class":37613},[44,37740,159],{"class":58},[44,37742,3836],{"class":111},[44,37744,4206],{"class":54},[44,37746,2408],{"class":62},[44,37748,66],{"class":58},[44,37750,916],{"class":111},[44,37752,121],{"class":58},[44,37754,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37756,128],{"class":127},[44,37758,115],{"class":58},[44,37760,226],{"class":1458},[44,37762,115],{"class":58},[44,37764,943],{"class":111},[44,37766,637],{"class":58},[20,37768,2028],{},[35,37770,37772],{"className":37,"code":37771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37773,37774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37775,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37777,3856],{"class":58},[44,37779,2461],{"class":62},[44,37781,66],{"class":58},[44,37783,4557],{"class":62},[44,37785,72],{"class":58},[20,37787,37788,37789,37791],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37790,85],{}," are kept.",[30,37793,37795],{"id":37794},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37797,2116],{},[35,37799,37801],{"className":37,"code":37800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37802,37803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37804,37805,37807,37809,37812,37814,37817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37806,37552],{"class":127},[44,37808,115],{"class":58},[44,37810,37811],{"class":111},"function",[44,37813,66],{"class":58},[44,37815,37816],{"class":111}," iterable",[44,37818,121],{"class":58},[420,37820,37821],{"id":37811},[15,37822,37811],{},[20,37824,37825],{},"This is the test function.",[161,37827,37828,37831],{},[164,37829,37830],{},"It receives one item at a time",[164,37832,37833,37834,2837,37836],{},"It should return ",[15,37835,3565],{},[15,37837,3633],{},[420,37839,37840],{"id":207},[15,37841,207],{},[20,37843,37844],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37846,37847],{},"It can be:",[161,37849,37850,37853,37856,37859,37862],{},[164,37851,37852],{},"a list",[164,37854,37855],{},"a tuple",[164,37857,37858],{},"a string",[164,37860,37861],{},"a set",[164,37863,37864],{},"another iterable object",[20,37866,37867],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37869,37871],{"className":37,"code":37870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37872,37873,37898,37902,37930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37874,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37876,51],{"class":50},[44,37878,55],{"class":54},[44,37880,9185],{"class":58},[44,37882,2287],{"class":62},[44,37884,66],{"class":58},[44,37886,37887],{"class":62}," 15",[44,37889,66],{"class":58},[44,37891,7738],{"class":62},[44,37893,66],{"class":58},[44,37895,9255],{"class":62},[44,37897,121],{"class":58},[44,37899,37900],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,37901,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,37903,37904,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,37905,911],{"class":50},[44,37907,55],{"class":54},[44,37909,37605],{"class":127},[44,37911,115],{"class":58},[44,37913,37610],{"class":2022},[44,37915,37614],{"class":37613},[44,37917,159],{"class":58},[44,37919,3836],{"class":111},[44,37921,5052],{"class":54},[44,37923,7738],{"class":62},[44,37925,66],{"class":58},[44,37927,916],{"class":111},[44,37929,121],{"class":58},[44,37931,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37933,128],{"class":127},[44,37935,115],{"class":58},[44,37937,226],{"class":1458},[44,37939,115],{"class":58},[44,37941,943],{"class":111},[44,37943,637],{"class":58},[20,37945,2028],{},[35,37947,37949],{"className":37,"code":37948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37950,37951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37952,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37954,3856],{"class":58},[44,37956,15703],{"class":62},[44,37958,66],{"class":58},[44,37960,9255],{"class":62},[44,37962,72],{"class":58},[20,37964,37965,37966,108],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[394,37967,5090],{"href":5537},[30,37969,37971],{"id":37970},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37973,37974,37975,21926,37977,108],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37976,37526],{},[214,37978,37979],{},"filter object",[20,37981,37982],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[161,37984,37985,37988,37993],{},[164,37986,37987],{},"loop through it",[164,37989,37990,37991],{},"convert it with ",[15,37992,24731],{},[164,37994,37990,37995],{},[15,37996,37997],{},"tuple()",[20,37999,2164],{},[35,38001,38003],{"className":37,"code":38002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38004,38005,38047,38051,38061,38075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38006,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38008,911],{"class":50},[44,38010,55],{"class":54},[44,38012,37605],{"class":127},[44,38014,115],{"class":58},[44,38016,37610],{"class":2022},[44,38018,37614],{"class":37613},[44,38020,159],{"class":58},[44,38022,3836],{"class":111},[44,38024,4206],{"class":54},[44,38026,69],{"class":62},[44,38028,66],{"class":58},[44,38030,59],{"class":58},[44,38032,63],{"class":62},[44,38034,66],{"class":58},[44,38036,69],{"class":62},[44,38038,66],{"class":58},[44,38040,2408],{"class":62},[44,38042,66],{"class":58},[44,38044,90],{"class":62},[44,38046,466],{"class":58},[44,38048,38049],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38050,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38052,38053,38055,38057,38059],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38054,128],{"class":127},[44,38056,115],{"class":58},[44,38058,943],{"class":111},[44,38060,121],{"class":58},[44,38062,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38064,128],{"class":127},[44,38066,115],{"class":58},[44,38068,1459],{"class":1458},[44,38070,115],{"class":58},[44,38072,943],{"class":111},[44,38074,637],{"class":58},[44,38076,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,38078,128],{"class":127},[44,38080,115],{"class":58},[44,38082,226],{"class":1458},[44,38084,115],{"class":58},[44,38086,943],{"class":111},[44,38088,637],{"class":58},[20,38090,2028],{},[35,38092,38094],{"className":37,"code":38093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38095,38096,38110,38124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38097,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38099,3248],{"class":54},[44,38101,37552],{"class":127},[44,38103,24568],{"class":1458},[44,38105,37314],{"class":50},[44,38107,37321],{"class":34403},[44,38109,3262],{"class":54},[44,38111,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38113,3248],{"class":54},[44,38115,3251],{"class":2022},[44,38117,3254],{"class":272},[44,38119,37552],{"class":276},[44,38121,3259],{"class":272},[44,38123,3262],{"class":54},[44,38125,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38127,3856],{"class":58},[44,38129,85],{"class":62},[44,38131,66],{"class":58},[44,38133,90],{"class":62},[44,38135,72],{"class":58},[20,38137,38138],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[420,38140,38142],{"id":38141},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38144,38145],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38147,38149],{"className":37,"code":38148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38150,38151,38193,38197,38211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38152,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187,38189,38191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38154,911],{"class":50},[44,38156,55],{"class":54},[44,38158,37605],{"class":127},[44,38160,115],{"class":58},[44,38162,37610],{"class":2022},[44,38164,37614],{"class":37613},[44,38166,159],{"class":58},[44,38168,3836],{"class":111},[44,38170,4206],{"class":54},[44,38172,69],{"class":62},[44,38174,66],{"class":58},[44,38176,59],{"class":58},[44,38178,63],{"class":62},[44,38180,66],{"class":58},[44,38182,69],{"class":62},[44,38184,66],{"class":58},[44,38186,2408],{"class":62},[44,38188,66],{"class":58},[44,38190,90],{"class":62},[44,38192,466],{"class":58},[44,38194,38195],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38196,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38198,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38200,128],{"class":127},[44,38202,115],{"class":58},[44,38204,226],{"class":1458},[44,38206,115],{"class":58},[44,38208,943],{"class":111},[44,38210,637],{"class":58},[44,38212,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38214,128],{"class":127},[44,38216,115],{"class":58},[44,38218,226],{"class":1458},[44,38220,115],{"class":58},[44,38222,943],{"class":111},[44,38224,637],{"class":58},[20,38226,2028],{},[35,38228,38230],{"className":37,"code":38229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38231,38232,38244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38233,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38235,3856],{"class":58},[44,38237,85],{"class":62},[44,38239,66],{"class":58},[44,38241,90],{"class":62},[44,38243,72],{"class":58},[44,38245,38246],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38247,38248],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,38250,38251],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38253,582,38255,8652,38257],{"id":38254},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38256,37526],{},[15,38258,37610],{},[20,38260,15137,38261,38263],{},[15,38262,37610],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38265,38266],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38268,38270],{"className":37,"code":38269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38271,38272,38314,38318,38356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38273,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38310,38312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38275,1253],{"class":50},[44,38277,55],{"class":54},[44,38279,59],{"class":58},[44,38281,273],{"class":272},[44,38283,277],{"class":276},[44,38285,273],{"class":272},[44,38287,66],{"class":58},[44,38289,284],{"class":272},[44,38291,38292],{"class":276},"kiwi",[44,38294,273],{"class":272},[44,38296,66],{"class":58},[44,38298,284],{"class":272},[44,38300,287],{"class":276},[44,38302,273],{"class":272},[44,38304,66],{"class":58},[44,38306,284],{"class":272},[44,38308,38309],{"class":276},"fig",[44,38311,273],{"class":272},[44,38313,72],{"class":58},[44,38315,38316],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38317,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38319,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38333,38335,38338,38340,38343,38345,38348,38350,38352,38354],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38321,911],{"class":50},[44,38323,55],{"class":54},[44,38325,37605],{"class":127},[44,38327,115],{"class":58},[44,38329,37610],{"class":2022},[44,38331,38332],{"class":37613}," word",[44,38334,159],{"class":58},[44,38336,38337],{"class":127}," len",[44,38339,115],{"class":58},[44,38341,38342],{"class":111},"word",[44,38344,1476],{"class":58},[44,38346,38347],{"class":54}," >",[44,38349,90],{"class":62},[44,38351,66],{"class":58},[44,38353,6120],{"class":111},[44,38355,121],{"class":58},[44,38357,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366,38368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38359,128],{"class":127},[44,38361,115],{"class":58},[44,38363,226],{"class":1458},[44,38365,115],{"class":58},[44,38367,943],{"class":111},[44,38369,637],{"class":58},[20,38371,2028],{},[35,38373,38375],{"className":37,"code":38374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38376,38377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38378,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38380,3856],{"class":58},[44,38382,3259],{"class":272},[44,38384,277],{"class":276},[44,38386,3259],{"class":272},[44,38388,66],{"class":58},[44,38390,3254],{"class":272},[44,38392,287],{"class":276},[44,38394,3259],{"class":272},[44,38396,72],{"class":58},[20,38398,38399],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38401,38402,38403,108],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[394,38404,38406],{"href":38405},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38408,582,38410,38412],{"id":38409},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38411,37526],{}," with a named function",[20,38414,38415,38416,108],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38417,37610],{},[20,38419,38420],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[161,38422,38423,38426,38429],{},[164,38424,38425],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[164,38427,38428],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[164,38430,38431],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38433,38435],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38436,38437,38450,38465,38469,38501,38520,38524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38438,38439,38441,38444,38446,38448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38440,34802],{"class":2022},[44,38442,38443],{"class":34805}," is_even",[44,38445,115],{"class":58},[44,38447,2196],{"class":37613},[44,38449,8288],{"class":58},[44,38451,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38453,34813],{"class":3832},[44,38455,6337],{"class":50},[44,38457,6354],{"class":54},[44,38459,69],{"class":62},[44,38461,6359],{"class":54},[44,38463,38464],{"class":62}," 0\n",[44,38466,38467],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38468,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38470,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38472,51],{"class":50},[44,38474,55],{"class":54},[44,38476,59],{"class":58},[44,38478,63],{"class":62},[44,38480,66],{"class":58},[44,38482,69],{"class":62},[44,38484,66],{"class":58},[44,38486,2408],{"class":62},[44,38488,66],{"class":58},[44,38490,90],{"class":62},[44,38492,66],{"class":58},[44,38494,4557],{"class":62},[44,38496,66],{"class":58},[44,38498,37594],{"class":62},[44,38500,72],{"class":58},[44,38502,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38514,38516,38518],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,38504,911],{"class":50},[44,38506,55],{"class":54},[44,38508,37605],{"class":127},[44,38510,115],{"class":58},[44,38512,38513],{"class":111},"is_even",[44,38515,66],{"class":58},[44,38517,916],{"class":111},[44,38519,121],{"class":58},[44,38521,38522],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,38523,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38525,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,38527,128],{"class":127},[44,38529,115],{"class":58},[44,38531,226],{"class":1458},[44,38533,115],{"class":58},[44,38535,943],{"class":111},[44,38537,637],{"class":58},[20,38539,2028],{},[35,38541,38543],{"className":37,"code":38542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38544,38545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38546,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38548,3856],{"class":58},[44,38550,801],{"class":62},[44,38552,66],{"class":58},[44,38554,90],{"class":62},[44,38556,66],{"class":58},[44,38558,37594],{"class":62},[44,38560,72],{"class":58},[20,38562,20721,38563,877,38566,38568],{},[15,38564,38565],{},"is_even()",[15,38567,3565],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38570,582,38572,8652,38574],{"id":38571},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38573,178],{},[15,38575,37526],{},[20,38577,38578,38579,38581],{},"You can pass ",[15,38580,178],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38583,38585],{"className":37,"code":38584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38586,38587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38588,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38590,37552],{"class":127},[44,38592,115],{"class":58},[44,38594,178],{"class":1582},[44,38596,66],{"class":58},[44,38598,37816],{"class":111},[44,38600,121],{"class":58},[20,38602,38603,38604,7287],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[214,38605,5547],{},[20,38607,38608],{},"Falsy values include:",[161,38610,38611,38615,38620,38624],{},[164,38612,38613],{},[15,38614,746],{},[164,38616,38617,38619],{},[15,38618,3731],{}," (empty string)",[164,38621,38622],{},[15,38623,178],{},[164,38625,38626],{},[15,38627,3633],{},[20,38629,2164],{},[35,38631,38633],{"className":37,"code":38632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38634,38635,38679,38683,38701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38636,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38638,818],{"class":50},[44,38640,55],{"class":54},[44,38642,59],{"class":58},[44,38644,746],{"class":62},[44,38646,66],{"class":58},[44,38648,5450],{"class":62},[44,38650,66],{"class":58},[44,38652,6078],{"class":272},[44,38654,66],{"class":58},[44,38656,284],{"class":272},[44,38658,1262],{"class":276},[44,38660,273],{"class":272},[44,38662,66],{"class":58},[44,38664,3808],{"class":1582},[44,38666,66],{"class":58},[44,38668,3872],{"class":1582},[44,38670,66],{"class":58},[44,38672,3863],{"class":1582},[44,38674,66],{"class":58},[44,38676,4557],{"class":62},[44,38678,72],{"class":58},[44,38680,38681],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38682,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38684,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38686,911],{"class":50},[44,38688,55],{"class":54},[44,38690,37605],{"class":127},[44,38692,115],{"class":58},[44,38694,178],{"class":1582},[44,38696,66],{"class":58},[44,38698,5917],{"class":111},[44,38700,121],{"class":58},[44,38702,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38704,128],{"class":127},[44,38706,115],{"class":58},[44,38708,226],{"class":1458},[44,38710,115],{"class":58},[44,38712,943],{"class":111},[44,38714,637],{"class":58},[20,38716,2028],{},[35,38718,38720],{"className":37,"code":38719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38721,38722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38723,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38725,3856],{"class":58},[44,38727,63],{"class":62},[44,38729,66],{"class":58},[44,38731,3254],{"class":272},[44,38733,1262],{"class":276},[44,38735,3259],{"class":272},[44,38737,66],{"class":58},[44,38739,3872],{"class":1582},[44,38741,66],{"class":58},[44,38743,4557],{"class":62},[44,38745,72],{"class":58},[20,38747,38748],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38750,1638,38752],{"id":38751},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38753,37526],{},[20,38755,144,38756,38758],{},[15,38757,37526],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38760,38761],{},"It works well for:",[161,38763,38764,38767,38770],{},[164,38765,38766],{},"simple filtering rules",[164,38768,38769],{},"quick data cleaning",[164,38771,38772],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38774,2164],{},[35,38776,38778],{"className":37,"code":38777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38779,38780,38812,38845,38849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38781,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38783,51],{"class":50},[44,38785,55],{"class":54},[44,38787,59],{"class":58},[44,38789,63],{"class":62},[44,38791,66],{"class":58},[44,38793,69],{"class":62},[44,38795,66],{"class":58},[44,38797,2408],{"class":62},[44,38799,66],{"class":58},[44,38801,90],{"class":62},[44,38803,66],{"class":58},[44,38805,4557],{"class":62},[44,38807,66],{"class":58},[44,38809,37594],{"class":62},[44,38811,72],{"class":58},[44,38813,38814,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38815,38816],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38818,55],{"class":54},[44,38820,37605],{"class":127},[44,38822,115],{"class":58},[44,38824,37610],{"class":2022},[44,38826,37614],{"class":37613},[44,38828,159],{"class":58},[44,38830,3836],{"class":111},[44,38832,6354],{"class":54},[44,38834,69],{"class":62},[44,38836,6359],{"class":54},[44,38838,3790],{"class":62},[44,38840,66],{"class":58},[44,38842,916],{"class":111},[44,38844,121],{"class":58},[44,38846,38847],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38848,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38850,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38852,128],{"class":127},[44,38854,115],{"class":58},[44,38856,226],{"class":1458},[44,38858,115],{"class":58},[44,38860,38861],{"class":111},"evens",[44,38863,637],{"class":58},[20,38865,2028],{},[35,38867,38868],{"className":37,"code":38542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38869,38870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38871,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882,38884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38873,3856],{"class":58},[44,38875,801],{"class":62},[44,38877,66],{"class":58},[44,38879,90],{"class":62},[44,38881,66],{"class":58},[44,38883,37594],{"class":62},[44,38885,72],{"class":58},[20,38887,38888,38889,38891],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38890,5909],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38893,38895],{"className":37,"code":38894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38896,38897,38929,38937,38941,38953,38969,38984,38988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38898,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38900,51],{"class":50},[44,38902,55],{"class":54},[44,38904,59],{"class":58},[44,38906,63],{"class":62},[44,38908,66],{"class":58},[44,38910,69],{"class":62},[44,38912,66],{"class":58},[44,38914,2408],{"class":62},[44,38916,66],{"class":58},[44,38918,90],{"class":62},[44,38920,66],{"class":58},[44,38922,4557],{"class":62},[44,38924,66],{"class":58},[44,38926,37594],{"class":62},[44,38928,72],{"class":58},[44,38930,38931,38933,38935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,38932,38816],{"class":50},[44,38934,55],{"class":54},[44,38936,7786],{"class":58},[44,38938,38939],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,38940,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38942,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38944,5909],{"class":3832},[44,38946,6337],{"class":50},[44,38948,3839],{"class":3832},[44,38950,916],{"class":50},[44,38952,6344],{"class":58},[44,38954,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,38956,6349],{"class":3832},[44,38958,6337],{"class":50},[44,38960,6354],{"class":54},[44,38962,69],{"class":62},[44,38964,6359],{"class":54},[44,38966,3790],{"class":62},[44,38968,6344],{"class":58},[44,38970,38971,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,38972,38973],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38975,108],{"class":58},[44,38977,520],{"class":111},[44,38979,115],{"class":58},[44,38981,2196],{"class":111},[44,38983,121],{"class":58},[44,38985,38986],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,38987,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,38989,38990,38992,38994,38996],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,38991,128],{"class":127},[44,38993,115],{"class":58},[44,38995,38861],{"class":111},[44,38997,121],{"class":58},[20,38999,2028],{},[35,39001,39002],{"className":37,"code":38542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39003,39004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39005,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39007,3856],{"class":58},[44,39009,801],{"class":62},[44,39011,66],{"class":58},[44,39013,90],{"class":62},[44,39015,66],{"class":58},[44,39017,37594],{"class":62},[44,39019,72],{"class":58},[20,39021,39022],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,39024,39026],{"className":37,"code":39025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39027,39028,39060,39093,39097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39029,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39031,51],{"class":50},[44,39033,55],{"class":54},[44,39035,59],{"class":58},[44,39037,63],{"class":62},[44,39039,66],{"class":58},[44,39041,69],{"class":62},[44,39043,66],{"class":58},[44,39045,2408],{"class":62},[44,39047,66],{"class":58},[44,39049,90],{"class":62},[44,39051,66],{"class":58},[44,39053,4557],{"class":62},[44,39055,66],{"class":58},[44,39057,37594],{"class":62},[44,39059,72],{"class":58},[44,39061,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39063,38816],{"class":50},[44,39065,55],{"class":54},[44,39067,59],{"class":58},[44,39069,2174],{"class":50},[44,39071,5909],{"class":3832},[44,39073,6337],{"class":50},[44,39075,3839],{"class":3832},[44,39077,39078],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,39080,6944],{"class":3832},[44,39082,6337],{"class":50},[44,39084,6354],{"class":54},[44,39086,69],{"class":62},[44,39088,6359],{"class":54},[44,39090,3790],{"class":62},[44,39092,72],{"class":58},[44,39094,39095],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,39096,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,39098,39099,39101,39103,39105],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39100,128],{"class":127},[44,39102,115],{"class":58},[44,39104,38861],{"class":111},[44,39106,121],{"class":58},[20,39108,2028],{},[35,39110,39111],{"className":37,"code":38542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39112,39113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39114,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39116,3856],{"class":58},[44,39118,801],{"class":62},[44,39120,66],{"class":58},[44,39122,90],{"class":62},[44,39124,66],{"class":58},[44,39126,37594],{"class":62},[44,39128,72],{"class":58},[20,39130,39131,39132,108],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[394,39133,39135],{"href":39134},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39137,2788],{"id":2787},[20,39139,1086,39140,108],{},[15,39141,37526],{},[420,39143,8399,39145,39147],{"id":39144},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39146,37526],{}," to return a list",[20,39149,39150],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,39152,39154],{"className":37,"code":39153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39155,39156,39198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39157,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39159,911],{"class":50},[44,39161,55],{"class":54},[44,39163,37605],{"class":127},[44,39165,115],{"class":58},[44,39167,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39169,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39171,159],{"class":58},[44,39173,3836],{"class":111},[44,39175,4206],{"class":54},[44,39177,69],{"class":62},[44,39179,66],{"class":58},[44,39181,59],{"class":58},[44,39183,63],{"class":62},[44,39185,66],{"class":58},[44,39187,69],{"class":62},[44,39189,66],{"class":58},[44,39191,2408],{"class":62},[44,39193,66],{"class":58},[44,39195,90],{"class":62},[44,39197,466],{"class":58},[44,39199,39200,39202,39204,39206],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39201,128],{"class":127},[44,39203,115],{"class":58},[44,39205,943],{"class":111},[44,39207,121],{"class":58},[20,39209,39210],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39212,39213],{},"Fix:",[35,39215,39217],{"className":37,"code":39216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39218,39219,39261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39220,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247,39249,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39222,911],{"class":50},[44,39224,55],{"class":54},[44,39226,37605],{"class":127},[44,39228,115],{"class":58},[44,39230,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39232,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39234,159],{"class":58},[44,39236,3836],{"class":111},[44,39238,4206],{"class":54},[44,39240,69],{"class":62},[44,39242,66],{"class":58},[44,39244,59],{"class":58},[44,39246,63],{"class":62},[44,39248,66],{"class":58},[44,39250,69],{"class":62},[44,39252,66],{"class":58},[44,39254,2408],{"class":62},[44,39256,66],{"class":58},[44,39258,90],{"class":62},[44,39260,466],{"class":58},[44,39262,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39264,128],{"class":127},[44,39266,115],{"class":58},[44,39268,226],{"class":1458},[44,39270,115],{"class":58},[44,39272,943],{"class":111},[44,39274,637],{"class":58},[420,39276,39278,39279,2837,39281,39283],{"id":39277},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39280,3565],{},[15,39282,3633],{}," clearly",[20,39285,39286],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39288,39289],{},"Good example:",[35,39291,39293],{"className":37,"code":39292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39294,39295,39308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39296,39297,39299,39302,39304,39306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39298,34802],{"class":2022},[44,39300,39301],{"class":34805}," is_positive",[44,39303,115],{"class":58},[44,39305,2196],{"class":37613},[44,39307,8288],{"class":58},[44,39309,39310,39312,39314,39316],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39311,34813],{"class":3832},[44,39313,6337],{"class":50},[44,39315,4206],{"class":54},[44,39317,38464],{"class":62},[20,39319,39320],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39322,39324],{"className":37,"code":39323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39325,39326,39358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39327,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39329,51],{"class":50},[44,39331,55],{"class":54},[44,39333,59],{"class":58},[44,39335,1980],{"class":54},[44,39337,801],{"class":62},[44,39339,66],{"class":58},[44,39341,2179],{"class":54},[44,39343,63],{"class":62},[44,39345,66],{"class":58},[44,39347,3790],{"class":62},[44,39349,66],{"class":58},[44,39351,5450],{"class":62},[44,39353,66],{"class":58},[44,39355,69],{"class":62},[44,39357,72],{"class":58},[44,39359,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39375,39377,39379],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39361,128],{"class":127},[44,39363,115],{"class":58},[44,39365,226],{"class":1458},[44,39367,115],{"class":58},[44,39369,37552],{"class":127},[44,39371,115],{"class":58},[44,39373,39374],{"class":111},"is_positive",[44,39376,66],{"class":58},[44,39378,916],{"class":111},[44,39380,2871],{"class":58},[20,39382,2028],{},[35,39384,39386],{"className":37,"code":39385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39387,39388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39389,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39391,3856],{"class":58},[44,39393,63],{"class":62},[44,39395,66],{"class":58},[44,39397,69],{"class":62},[44,39399,72],{"class":58},[420,39401,39403],{"id":39402},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39405,39406],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39408,39409],{"className":37,"code":38148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39410,39411,39453,39457,39471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39412,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39414,911],{"class":50},[44,39416,55],{"class":54},[44,39418,37605],{"class":127},[44,39420,115],{"class":58},[44,39422,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39424,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39426,159],{"class":58},[44,39428,3836],{"class":111},[44,39430,4206],{"class":54},[44,39432,69],{"class":62},[44,39434,66],{"class":58},[44,39436,59],{"class":58},[44,39438,63],{"class":62},[44,39440,66],{"class":58},[44,39442,69],{"class":62},[44,39444,66],{"class":58},[44,39446,2408],{"class":62},[44,39448,66],{"class":58},[44,39450,90],{"class":62},[44,39452,466],{"class":58},[44,39454,39455],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39456,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,39458,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,39460,128],{"class":127},[44,39462,115],{"class":58},[44,39464,226],{"class":1458},[44,39466,115],{"class":58},[44,39468,943],{"class":111},[44,39470,637],{"class":58},[44,39472,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39474,128],{"class":127},[44,39476,115],{"class":58},[44,39478,226],{"class":1458},[44,39480,115],{"class":58},[44,39482,943],{"class":111},[44,39484,637],{"class":58},[20,39486,2028],{},[35,39488,39489],{"className":37,"code":38229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39490,39491,39503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39492,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39494,3856],{"class":58},[44,39496,85],{"class":62},[44,39498,66],{"class":58},[44,39500,90],{"class":62},[44,39502,72],{"class":58},[44,39504,39505],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39506,38248],{"class":58},[20,39508,39509],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39511,39513],{"className":37,"code":39512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39514,39515,39561,39565,39575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39516,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555,39557,39559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39518,911],{"class":50},[44,39520,55],{"class":54},[44,39522,22510],{"class":1458},[44,39524,115],{"class":58},[44,39526,37552],{"class":127},[44,39528,115],{"class":58},[44,39530,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39532,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39534,159],{"class":58},[44,39536,3836],{"class":111},[44,39538,4206],{"class":54},[44,39540,69],{"class":62},[44,39542,66],{"class":58},[44,39544,59],{"class":58},[44,39546,63],{"class":62},[44,39548,66],{"class":58},[44,39550,69],{"class":62},[44,39552,66],{"class":58},[44,39554,2408],{"class":62},[44,39556,66],{"class":58},[44,39558,90],{"class":62},[44,39560,2957],{"class":58},[44,39562,39563],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39564,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,39566,39567,39569,39571,39573],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,39568,128],{"class":127},[44,39570,115],{"class":58},[44,39572,943],{"class":111},[44,39574,121],{"class":58},[44,39576,39577,39579,39581,39583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39578,128],{"class":127},[44,39580,115],{"class":58},[44,39582,943],{"class":111},[44,39584,121],{"class":58},[420,39586,39588],{"id":39587},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39590,39591],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39593,16593],{},[35,39595,39597],{"className":37,"code":39596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39598,39599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39600,39601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39602,39596],{"class":140},[20,39604,1415,39605,1418],{},[15,39606,2287],{},[20,39608,16605],{},[35,39610,39612],{"className":37,"code":39611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39613,39614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39615,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39617,128],{"class":127},[44,39619,115],{"class":58},[44,39621,226],{"class":1458},[44,39623,115],{"class":58},[44,39625,37552],{"class":127},[44,39627,115],{"class":58},[44,39629,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39631,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39633,159],{"class":58},[44,39635,3836],{"class":111},[44,39637,4206],{"class":54},[44,39639,69],{"class":62},[44,39641,66],{"class":58},[44,39643,59],{"class":58},[44,39645,63],{"class":62},[44,39647,66],{"class":58},[44,39649,69],{"class":62},[44,39651,66],{"class":58},[44,39653,2408],{"class":62},[44,39655,66],{"class":58},[44,39657,90],{"class":62},[44,39659,37215],{"class":58},[420,39661,37154,39663,8652,39665],{"id":39662},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39664,37526],{},[15,39666,39667],{},"map()",[161,39669,39670,39675],{},[164,39671,39672,39674],{},[15,39673,37526],{}," keeps or removes items",[164,39676,39677,39679],{},[15,39678,39667],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39681,39682,39683,159],{},"Example of ",[15,39684,37526],{},[35,39686,39688],{"className":37,"code":39687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39689,39690,39714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39691,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39693,51],{"class":50},[44,39695,55],{"class":54},[44,39697,59],{"class":58},[44,39699,63],{"class":62},[44,39701,66],{"class":58},[44,39703,69],{"class":62},[44,39705,66],{"class":58},[44,39707,2408],{"class":62},[44,39709,66],{"class":58},[44,39711,90],{"class":62},[44,39713,72],{"class":58},[44,39715,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39717,128],{"class":127},[44,39719,115],{"class":58},[44,39721,226],{"class":1458},[44,39723,115],{"class":58},[44,39725,37552],{"class":127},[44,39727,115],{"class":58},[44,39729,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39731,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39733,159],{"class":58},[44,39735,3836],{"class":111},[44,39737,4206],{"class":54},[44,39739,69],{"class":62},[44,39741,66],{"class":58},[44,39743,916],{"class":111},[44,39745,2871],{"class":58},[20,39747,2028],{},[35,39749,39751],{"className":37,"code":39750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39752,39753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39754,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39756,3856],{"class":58},[44,39758,85],{"class":62},[44,39760,66],{"class":58},[44,39762,90],{"class":62},[44,39764,72],{"class":58},[20,39766,39682,39767,159],{},[15,39768,39667],{},[35,39770,39772],{"className":37,"code":39771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39773,39774,39798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39775,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39777,51],{"class":50},[44,39779,55],{"class":54},[44,39781,59],{"class":58},[44,39783,63],{"class":62},[44,39785,66],{"class":58},[44,39787,69],{"class":62},[44,39789,66],{"class":58},[44,39791,2408],{"class":62},[44,39793,66],{"class":58},[44,39795,90],{"class":62},[44,39797,72],{"class":58},[44,39799,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,39801,128],{"class":127},[44,39803,115],{"class":58},[44,39805,226],{"class":1458},[44,39807,115],{"class":58},[44,39809,39810],{"class":127},"map",[44,39812,115],{"class":58},[44,39814,37610],{"class":2022},[44,39816,37614],{"class":37613},[44,39818,159],{"class":58},[44,39820,3836],{"class":111},[44,39822,39823],{"class":54},"*",[44,39825,69],{"class":62},[44,39827,66],{"class":58},[44,39829,916],{"class":111},[44,39831,2871],{"class":58},[20,39833,2028],{},[35,39835,39837],{"className":37,"code":39836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39838,39839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39840,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39842,3856],{"class":58},[44,39844,801],{"class":62},[44,39846,66],{"class":58},[44,39848,90],{"class":62},[44,39850,66],{"class":58},[44,39852,37594],{"class":62},[44,39854,66],{"class":58},[44,39856,6310],{"class":62},[44,39858,72],{"class":58},[20,39860,39861,39862,108],{},"For the related function, see ",[394,39863,3536,39865,3469],{"href":39864},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39866,39667],{},[30,39868,1757],{"id":1756},[420,39870,1761,39872,39874],{"id":39871},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39873,37526],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39876,39877,39878,39880],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39879,24731],{}," if needed.",[420,39882,39884,39885,39887],{"id":39883},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39886,37526],{}," need to return?",[20,39889,37833,39890,39892,39893,39895],{},[15,39891,3565],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39894,3633],{}," to remove it.",[420,39897,1790,39899,39901],{"id":39898},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39900,37526],{}," without lambda?",[20,39903,39904],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[420,39906,5096,39908,39911],{"id":39907},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39909,39910],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39913,39914,39915,39917,39918,802,39920,108],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39916,746],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39919,178],{},[15,39921,3633],{},[420,39923,21371,39925,39927],{"id":39924},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39926,37526],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39929,39930,39931,39933],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39932,5909],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39935,39936],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[161,39938,39939,39945,39951],{},[164,39940,39941,39942,39944],{},"use ",[15,39943,37526],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[164,39946,39947,39948,39950],{},"use a ",[15,39949,5909],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[164,39952,39953],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39955,39956,39957,108],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[394,39958,5086],{"href":39959},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39961,1821],{"id":1820},[161,39963,39964,39969,39973,39978,39984],{},[164,39965,39966],{},[394,39967,39968],{"href":38405},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[164,39970,39971],{},[394,39972,5175],{"href":39959},[164,39974,39975],{},[394,39976,39977],{"href":39134},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[164,39979,39980],{},[394,39981,3536,39982,3469],{"href":39864},[15,39983,39667],{},[164,39985,39986],{},[394,39987,5170],{"href":5537},[1872,39989,39990],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":39992},[39993,39994,39996,40000,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011,40021,40033],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":37660,"depth":75,"text":39995},"What filter() does",{"id":37794,"depth":75,"text":37795,"children":39997},[39998,39999],{"id":37811,"depth":95,"text":37811},{"id":207,"depth":95,"text":207},{"id":37970,"depth":75,"text":37971,"children":40001},[40002],{"id":38141,"depth":95,"text":38142},{"id":38254,"depth":75,"text":40004},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38409,"depth":75,"text":40006},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38571,"depth":75,"text":40008},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38751,"depth":75,"text":40010},"When to use filter()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":40012},[40013,40015,40017,40018,40019],{"id":39144,"depth":95,"text":40014},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39277,"depth":95,"text":40016},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39402,"depth":95,"text":39403},{"id":39587,"depth":95,"text":39588},{"id":39662,"depth":95,"text":40020},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":40022},[40023,40025,40027,40029,40031],{"id":39871,"depth":95,"text":40024},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39883,"depth":95,"text":40026},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39898,"depth":95,"text":40028},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39907,"depth":95,"text":40030},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39924,"depth":95,"text":40032},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37518,"description":40034},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40041,"title":40042,"body":40043,"description":42195,"extension":1921,"meta":42196,"navigation":98,"path":42197,"seo":42198,"stem":42199,"__hash__":42200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40044,"toc":42149},[40045,40048,40053,40059,40061,40113,40115,40134,40139,40143,40148,40151,40166,40169,40191,40193,40242,40244,40268,40270,40272,40287,40292,40300,40315,40317,40326,40329,40364,40368,40373,40377,40384,40419,40421,40437,40441,40444,40485,40487,40501,40505,40508,40532,40534,40543,40547,40550,40583,40585,40598,40602,40608,40627,40629,40637,40641,40646,40650,40656,40679,40681,40710,40713,40732,40736,40739,40766,40768,40802,40806,40809,40833,40837,40848,40850,40855,40861,40863,40947,40949,40991,40994,40998,41005,41014,41070,41077,41086,41091,41095,41166,41168,41177,41181,41184,41228,41230,41239,41243,41249,41299,41303,41308,41312,41336,41338,41347,41351,41375,41377,41388,41392,41416,41418,41427,41430,41447,41453,41457,41463,41466,41471,41474,41495,41497,41529,41532,41537,41539,41550,41552,41596,41600,41607,41659,41661,41670,41674,41677,41770,41773,41797,41801,41804,41896,41901,41905,41912,41917,41941,41943,41952,41957,41980,41982,41990,41997,42020,42028,42030,42043,42052,42054,42058,42065,42069,42078,42082,42089,42093,42097,42101,42114,42116,42146],[10,40046,40042],{"id":40047},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40049,9071,40050,40052],{},[15,40051,2843],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40054,40055,40056,40058],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40057,2843],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,40060,33],{"id":32},[35,40062,40064],{"className":37,"code":40063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40065,40066,40080,40099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40067,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40069,128],{"class":127},[44,40071,115],{"class":58},[44,40073,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40075,115],{"class":58},[44,40077,1410],{"class":62},[44,40079,637],{"class":58},[44,40081,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40095,40097],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40083,128],{"class":127},[44,40085,115],{"class":58},[44,40087,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40089,115],{"class":58},[44,40091,273],{"class":272},[44,40093,40094],{"class":276},"3.14",[44,40096,273],{"class":272},[44,40098,637],{"class":58},[44,40100,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,40102,128],{"class":127},[44,40104,115],{"class":58},[44,40106,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40108,115],{"class":58},[44,40110,3565],{"class":1582},[44,40112,637],{"class":58},[20,40114,2028],{},[35,40116,40118],{"className":37,"code":40117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40119,40120,40124,40129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40121,40122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40123,2436],{"class":62},[44,40125,40126],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40127,40128],{"class":62},"3.14\n",[44,40130,40131],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,40132,40133],{"class":62},"1.0\n",[20,40135,144,40136,40138],{},[15,40137,2843],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40140,40142],{"id":40141},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40144,40145,40147],{},[15,40146,2843],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40149,40150],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[161,40152,40153,40157,40161],{},[164,40154,40155],{},[15,40156,2448],{},[164,40158,40159],{},[15,40160,40094],{},[164,40162,40163],{},[15,40164,40165],{},"0.5",[20,40167,40168],{},"A few key points:",[161,40170,40171,40178,40181,40184],{},[164,40172,40173,40175,40176],{},[15,40174,2843],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40177,2148],{},[164,40179,40180],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[164,40182,40183],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[164,40185,40186,40187],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[394,40188,40189],{"href":8167},[15,40190,2917],{},[20,40192,2164],{},[35,40194,40196],{"className":37,"code":40195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40197,40198,40218,40228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40199,40200,40202,40204,40207,40209,40211,40214,40216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40201,2174],{"class":50},[44,40203,55],{"class":54},[44,40205,40206],{"class":1458}," float",[44,40208,115],{"class":58},[44,40210,273],{"class":272},[44,40212,40213],{"class":276},"2.75",[44,40215,273],{"class":272},[44,40217,121],{"class":58},[44,40219,40220,40222,40224,40226],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40221,128],{"class":127},[44,40223,115],{"class":58},[44,40225,2196],{"class":111},[44,40227,121],{"class":58},[44,40229,40230,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,40231,128],{"class":127},[44,40233,115],{"class":58},[44,40235,1459],{"class":1458},[44,40237,115],{"class":58},[44,40239,2196],{"class":111},[44,40241,637],{"class":58},[20,40243,2028],{},[35,40245,40247],{"className":37,"code":40246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40248,40249,40254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40250,40251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40252,40253],{"class":62},"2.75\n",[44,40255,40256,40258,40260,40262,40264,40266],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40257,3248],{"class":54},[44,40259,3251],{"class":2022},[44,40261,3254],{"class":272},[44,40263,2148],{"class":276},[44,40265,3259],{"class":272},[44,40267,3262],{"class":54},[30,40269,188],{"id":187},[20,40271,7165],{},[35,40273,40275],{"className":37,"code":40274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40276,40277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40278,40279,40281,40283,40285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40280,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40282,115],{"class":58},[44,40284,2429],{"class":111},[44,40286,121],{"class":58},[20,40288,40289,40290,108],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40291,2843],{},[20,40293,40294,40295,40297,40298,159],{},"If you call ",[15,40296,2843],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40299,3726],{},[35,40301,40303],{"className":37,"code":40302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40304,40305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40306,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40308,128],{"class":127},[44,40310,115],{"class":58},[44,40312,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40314,7141],{"class":58},[20,40316,2028],{},[35,40318,40320],{"className":37,"code":40319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40321,40322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40323,40324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40325,40319],{"class":62},[20,40327,40328],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40330,40332],{"className":37,"code":40331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40333,40334,40354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40335,40336,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40350,40352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40337,40338],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40340,55],{"class":54},[44,40342,40206],{"class":1458},[44,40344,115],{"class":58},[44,40346,273],{"class":272},[44,40348,40349],{"class":276},"19.99",[44,40351,273],{"class":272},[44,40353,121],{"class":58},[44,40355,40356,40358,40360,40362],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40357,128],{"class":127},[44,40359,115],{"class":58},[44,40361,25100],{"class":111},[44,40363,121],{"class":58},[30,40365,40367],{"id":40366},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40369,40370,40372],{},[15,40371,2843],{}," can convert several common value types.",[420,40374,40376],{"id":40375},"integers","Integers",[20,40378,40379,40380,40383],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40381,40382],{},".0"," added:",[35,40385,40387],{"className":37,"code":40386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40388,40389,40403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40390,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40392,128],{"class":127},[44,40394,115],{"class":58},[44,40396,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40398,115],{"class":58},[44,40400,1410],{"class":62},[44,40402,637],{"class":58},[44,40404,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40406,128],{"class":127},[44,40408,115],{"class":58},[44,40410,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40412,115],{"class":58},[44,40414,1980],{"class":54},[44,40416,801],{"class":62},[44,40418,637],{"class":58},[20,40420,2028],{},[35,40422,40424],{"className":37,"code":40423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40425,40426,40430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40427,40428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40429,2436],{"class":62},[44,40431,40432,40434],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40433,1980],{"class":54},[44,40435,40436],{"class":62},"2.0\n",[420,40438,40440],{"id":40439},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40442,40443],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40445,40447],{"className":37,"code":40446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40448,40449,40467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40450,40451,40453,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40452,128],{"class":127},[44,40454,115],{"class":58},[44,40456,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40458,115],{"class":58},[44,40460,273],{"class":272},[44,40462,40094],{"class":276},[44,40464,273],{"class":272},[44,40466,637],{"class":58},[44,40468,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40470,128],{"class":127},[44,40472,115],{"class":58},[44,40474,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40476,115],{"class":58},[44,40478,273],{"class":272},[44,40480,2287],{"class":276},[44,40482,273],{"class":272},[44,40484,637],{"class":58},[20,40486,2028],{},[35,40488,40490],{"className":37,"code":40489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40491,40492,40496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40493,40494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40495,40128],{"class":62},[44,40497,40498],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40499,40500],{"class":62},"10.0\n",[420,40502,40504],{"id":40503},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40506,40507],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40509,40511],{"className":37,"code":40510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40512,40513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40514,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523,40525,40528,40530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40516,128],{"class":127},[44,40518,115],{"class":58},[44,40520,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40522,115],{"class":58},[44,40524,273],{"class":272},[44,40526,40527],{"class":276},"  8.5  ",[44,40529,273],{"class":272},[44,40531,637],{"class":58},[20,40533,2028],{},[35,40535,40537],{"className":37,"code":40536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40538,40539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40540,40541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40542,40536],{"class":62},[420,40544,40546],{"id":40545},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40548,40549],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40551,40553],{"className":37,"code":40552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40554,40555,40569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40556,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40558,128],{"class":127},[44,40560,115],{"class":58},[44,40562,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40564,115],{"class":58},[44,40566,3565],{"class":1582},[44,40568,637],{"class":58},[44,40570,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579,40581],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40572,128],{"class":127},[44,40574,115],{"class":58},[44,40576,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40578,115],{"class":58},[44,40580,3633],{"class":1582},[44,40582,637],{"class":58},[20,40584,2028],{},[35,40586,40588],{"className":37,"code":40587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40589,40590,40594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40591,40592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40593,40133],{"class":62},[44,40595,40596],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40597,40319],{"class":62},[420,40599,40601],{"id":40600},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40603,40604,40605,40607],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40606,2843],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40609,40611],{"className":37,"code":40610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40612,40613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40614,40615,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40616,128],{"class":127},[44,40618,115],{"class":58},[44,40620,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40622,115],{"class":58},[44,40624,2319],{"class":62},[44,40626,637],{"class":58},[20,40628,2028],{},[35,40630,40631],{"className":37,"code":2343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40632,40633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40634,40635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40636,2343],{"class":62},[30,40638,40640],{"id":40639},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40642,40643,40644,108],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40645,2843],{},[420,40647,40649],{"id":40648},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40651,40652,40653,159],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40654,40655],{},"ValueError",[35,40657,40659],{"className":37,"code":40658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40660,40661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40662,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675,40677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40664,128],{"class":127},[44,40666,115],{"class":58},[44,40668,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40670,115],{"class":58},[44,40672,273],{"class":272},[44,40674,1262],{"class":276},[44,40676,273],{"class":272},[44,40678,637],{"class":58},[20,40680,29632],{},[35,40682,40684],{"className":37,"code":40683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40685,40686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40687,40688,40690,40692,40695,40697,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40689,40655],{"class":1458},[44,40691,159],{"class":58},[44,40693,40694],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40696,4583],{"class":54},[44,40698,40699],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40701,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40703,159],{"class":58},[44,40705,3254],{"class":272},[44,40707,1262],{"class":276},[44,40709,29651],{"class":272},[20,40711,40712],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40714,40716],{"className":37,"code":40715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40717,40718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40719,40720,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40721,128],{"class":127},[44,40723,115],{"class":58},[44,40725,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40727,115],{"class":58},[44,40729,6224],{"class":272},[44,40731,637],{"class":58},[420,40733,40735],{"id":40734},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40737,40738],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40740,40742],{"className":37,"code":40741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40743,40744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40747,128],{"class":127},[44,40749,115],{"class":58},[44,40751,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40753,457],{"class":58},[44,40755,63],{"class":62},[44,40757,66],{"class":58},[44,40759,69],{"class":62},[44,40761,66],{"class":58},[44,40763,2408],{"class":62},[44,40765,2957],{"class":58},[20,40767,29632],{},[35,40769,40771],{"className":37,"code":40770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40772,40773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40774,40775,40777,40779,40781,40783,40786,40789,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40776,1424],{"class":1458},[44,40778,159],{"class":58},[44,40780,40206],{"class":1458},[44,40782,7313],{"class":58},[44,40784,40785],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40787,40788],{"class":54},"or",[44,40790,40791],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40793,66],{"class":58},[44,40795,8047],{"class":54},[44,40797,3254],{"class":272},[44,40799,226],{"class":276},[44,40801,29651],{"class":272},[420,40803,40805],{"id":40804},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40807,40808],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40810,40812],{"className":37,"code":40811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40813,40814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40815,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826,40829,40831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40817,128],{"class":127},[44,40819,115],{"class":58},[44,40821,2148],{"class":1458},[44,40823,115],{"class":58},[44,40825,273],{"class":272},[44,40827,40828],{"class":276},"3,14",[44,40830,273],{"class":272},[44,40832,637],{"class":58},[20,40834,2960,40835,108],{},[15,40836,40655],{},[20,40838,40839,40840,398,40844,108],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[394,40841,40843],{"href":40842},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[394,40845,40847],{"href":40846},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40849,17368],{"id":17367},[20,40851,40852,40854],{},[15,40853,2843],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40856,40857,40858,40860],{},"It does ",[214,40859,4583],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40862,2164],{},[35,40864,40866],{"className":37,"code":40865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40867,40868,40881,40895,40899,40909,40919,40933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40869,40870,40872,40874,40876,40879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40871,34638],{"class":50},[44,40873,55],{"class":54},[44,40875,284],{"class":272},[44,40877,40878],{"class":276},"6.5",[44,40880,3318],{"class":272},[44,40882,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40884,2174],{"class":50},[44,40886,55],{"class":54},[44,40888,40206],{"class":1458},[44,40890,115],{"class":58},[44,40892,34659],{"class":111},[44,40894,121],{"class":58},[44,40896,40897],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,40898,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,40900,40901,40903,40905,40907],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40902,128],{"class":127},[44,40904,115],{"class":58},[44,40906,34659],{"class":111},[44,40908,121],{"class":58},[44,40910,40911,40913,40915,40917],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,40912,128],{"class":127},[44,40914,115],{"class":58},[44,40916,2196],{"class":111},[44,40918,121],{"class":58},[44,40920,40921,40923,40925,40927,40929,40931],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,40922,128],{"class":127},[44,40924,115],{"class":58},[44,40926,1459],{"class":1458},[44,40928,115],{"class":58},[44,40930,34659],{"class":111},[44,40932,637],{"class":58},[44,40934,40935,40937,40939,40941,40943,40945],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,40936,128],{"class":127},[44,40938,115],{"class":58},[44,40940,1459],{"class":1458},[44,40942,115],{"class":58},[44,40944,2196],{"class":111},[44,40946,637],{"class":58},[20,40948,2028],{},[35,40950,40952],{"className":37,"code":40951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40953,40954,40959,40963,40977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40955,40956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40957,40958],{"class":62},"6.5\n",[44,40960,40961],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,40962,40958],{"class":62},[44,40964,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,40966,3248],{"class":54},[44,40968,3251],{"class":2022},[44,40970,3254],{"class":272},[44,40972,3403],{"class":276},[44,40974,3259],{"class":272},[44,40976,3262],{"class":54},[44,40978,40979,40981,40983,40985,40987,40989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40980,3248],{"class":54},[44,40982,3251],{"class":2022},[44,40984,3254],{"class":272},[44,40986,2148],{"class":276},[44,40988,3259],{"class":272},[44,40990,3262],{"class":54},[20,40992,40993],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40995,40997],{"id":40996},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[420,40999,41001,41002,41004],{"id":41000},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41003,2917],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41006,1938,41007,41011,41012,108],{},[394,41008,41009,2259],{"href":8167},[15,41010,2917],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41013,2843],{},[35,41015,41017],{"className":37,"code":41016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41018,41019,41038,41052,41056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41020,41021,41023,41025,41027,41029,41031,41034,41036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41022,8185],{"class":50},[44,41024,55],{"class":54},[44,41026,8190],{"class":127},[44,41028,115],{"class":58},[44,41030,273],{"class":272},[44,41032,41033],{"class":276},"Enter a price: ",[44,41035,273],{"class":272},[44,41037,121],{"class":58},[44,41039,41040,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41041,40338],{"class":50},[44,41043,55],{"class":54},[44,41045,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41047,115],{"class":58},[44,41049,8214],{"class":111},[44,41051,121],{"class":58},[44,41053,41054],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41055,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41057,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41059,128],{"class":127},[44,41061,115],{"class":58},[44,41063,40338],{"class":111},[44,41065,39823],{"class":54},[44,41067,69],{"class":62},[44,41069,121],{"class":58},[20,41071,41072,41073,41076],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41074,41075],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,41078,41080],{"className":37,"code":41079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,41081,41082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41083,41084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41085,41079],{"class":62},[20,41087,41088,41089,108],{},"For more help with this, see ",[394,41090,8929],{"href":8928},[420,41092,41094],{"id":41093},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,41096,41098],{"className":37,"code":41097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41099,41100,41113,41126,41130,41155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41101,41102,41104,41106,41108,41111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41103,2511],{"class":50},[44,41105,55],{"class":54},[44,41107,284],{"class":272},[44,41109,41110],{"class":276},"2.5",[44,41112,3318],{"class":272},[44,41114,41115,41117,41119,41121,41124],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41116,2539],{"class":50},[44,41118,55],{"class":54},[44,41120,284],{"class":272},[44,41122,41123],{"class":276},"1.5",[44,41125,3318],{"class":272},[44,41127,41128],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41129,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41131,41132,41135,41137,41139,41141,41143,41145,41147,41149,41151,41153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41133,41134],{"class":50},"total ",[44,41136,55],{"class":54},[44,41138,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41140,115],{"class":58},[44,41142,394],{"class":111},[44,41144,1476],{"class":58},[44,41146,2411],{"class":54},[44,41148,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41150,115],{"class":58},[44,41152,4714],{"class":111},[44,41154,121],{"class":58},[44,41156,41157,41159,41161,41164],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,41158,128],{"class":127},[44,41160,115],{"class":58},[44,41162,41163],{"class":111},"total",[44,41165,121],{"class":58},[20,41167,2028],{},[35,41169,41171],{"className":37,"code":41170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41172,41173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41174,41175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41176,41170],{"class":62},[420,41178,41180],{"id":41179},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41182,41183],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41185,41187],{"className":37,"code":41186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41188,41189,41199,41214,41218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41190,41191,41194,41196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41192,41193],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41195,55],{"class":54},[44,41197,41198],{"class":62}," 7\n",[44,41200,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209,41212],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41202,911],{"class":50},[44,41204,55],{"class":54},[44,41206,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41208,115],{"class":58},[44,41210,41211],{"class":111},"count",[44,41213,121],{"class":58},[44,41215,41216],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41217,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41219,41220,41222,41224,41226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41221,128],{"class":127},[44,41223,115],{"class":58},[44,41225,943],{"class":111},[44,41227,121],{"class":58},[20,41229,2028],{},[35,41231,41233],{"className":37,"code":41232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41234,41235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41236,41237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41238,41232],{"class":62},[420,41240,41242],{"id":41241},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41244,41245,41246,41248],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41247,2843],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41250,41252],{"className":37,"code":41251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41253,41254,41268,41284,41288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41255,41256,41259,41261,41263,41266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41257,41258],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41260,55],{"class":54},[44,41262,284],{"class":272},[44,41264,41265],{"class":276},"21.8",[44,41267,3318],{"class":272},[44,41269,41270,41273,41275,41277,41279,41282],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41271,41272],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41274,55],{"class":54},[44,41276,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41278,115],{"class":58},[44,41280,41281],{"class":111},"temperature_text",[44,41283,121],{"class":58},[44,41285,41286],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41287,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41289,41290,41292,41294,41297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41291,128],{"class":127},[44,41293,115],{"class":58},[44,41295,41296],{"class":111},"temperature",[44,41298,121],{"class":58},[30,41300,41302],{"id":41301},"special-values","Special values",[20,41304,41305,41307],{},[15,41306,2843],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[420,41309,41311],{"id":41310},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41313,41315],{"className":37,"code":41314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41316,41317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41318,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41332,41334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41320,128],{"class":127},[44,41322,115],{"class":58},[44,41324,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41326,115],{"class":58},[44,41328,273],{"class":272},[44,41330,41331],{"class":276},"inf",[44,41333,273],{"class":272},[44,41335,637],{"class":58},[20,41337,2028],{},[35,41339,41341],{"className":37,"code":41340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41342,41343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41344,41345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41346,41340],{"class":50},[420,41348,41350],{"id":41349},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41352,41354],{"className":37,"code":41353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41355,41356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366,41368,41371,41373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41359,128],{"class":127},[44,41361,115],{"class":58},[44,41363,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41365,115],{"class":58},[44,41367,273],{"class":272},[44,41369,41370],{"class":276},"-inf",[44,41372,273],{"class":272},[44,41374,637],{"class":58},[20,41376,2028],{},[35,41378,41380],{"className":37,"code":41379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41381,41382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41383,41384,41386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41385,1980],{"class":54},[44,41387,41340],{"class":50},[420,41389,41391],{"id":41390},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41393,41395],{"className":37,"code":41394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41396,41397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41398,41399,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41412,41414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41400,128],{"class":127},[44,41402,115],{"class":58},[44,41404,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41406,115],{"class":58},[44,41408,273],{"class":272},[44,41410,41411],{"class":276},"nan",[44,41413,273],{"class":272},[44,41415,637],{"class":58},[20,41417,2028],{},[35,41419,41421],{"className":37,"code":41420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41422,41423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41424,41425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41426,41420],{"class":50},[20,41428,41429],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[161,41431,41432,41437,41442],{},[164,41433,41434,41436],{},[15,41435,41331],{}," means positive infinity",[164,41438,41439,41441],{},[15,41440,41370],{}," means negative infinity",[164,41443,41444,41446],{},[15,41445,41411],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41448,41449,41450,41452],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41451,2843],{}," accepts them.",[30,41454,41456],{"id":41455},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41458,41459,41460,41462],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41461,2843],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[420,41464,40655],{"id":41465},"valueerror",[20,41467,15137,41468,41470],{},[15,41469,40655],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41472,41473],{},"Common causes:",[161,41475,41476,41482,41485,41488],{},[164,41477,41478,41479],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41480,41481],{},"\"abc\"",[164,41483,41484],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[164,41486,41487],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[164,41489,4657,41490],{},[394,41491,41492,41494],{"href":8167},[15,41493,2917],{}," returns a string",[20,41496,2164],{},[35,41498,41500],{"className":37,"code":41499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41501,41502,41515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41503,41504,41506,41508,41510,41513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41505,2403],{"class":50},[44,41507,55],{"class":54},[44,41509,284],{"class":272},[44,41511,41512],{"class":276},"abc",[44,41514,3318],{"class":272},[44,41516,41517,41519,41521,41523,41525,41527],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41518,128],{"class":127},[44,41520,115],{"class":58},[44,41522,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41524,115],{"class":58},[44,41526,2429],{"class":111},[44,41528,637],{"class":58},[420,41530,1424],{"id":41531},"typeerror",[20,41533,15137,41534,41536],{},[15,41535,1424],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41538,41473],{},[161,41540,41541,41544,41547],{},[164,41542,41543],{},"Passing a list",[164,41545,41546],{},"Passing a dictionary",[164,41548,41549],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41551,2164],{},[35,41553,41555],{"className":37,"code":41554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41556,41557,41582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41558,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41569,41571,41573,41575,41578,41580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41560,2403],{"class":50},[44,41562,55],{"class":54},[44,41564,10441],{"class":58},[44,41566,273],{"class":272},[44,41568,25100],{"class":276},[44,41570,273],{"class":272},[44,41572,159],{"class":58},[44,41574,284],{"class":272},[44,41576,41577],{"class":276},"9.99",[44,41579,273],{"class":272},[44,41581,9258],{"class":58},[44,41583,41584,41586,41588,41590,41592,41594],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41585,128],{"class":127},[44,41587,115],{"class":58},[44,41589,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41591,115],{"class":58},[44,41593,2429],{"class":111},[44,41595,637],{"class":58},[420,41597,41599],{"id":41598},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41601,41602,41603,41606],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41604,41605],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41608,41610],{"className":37,"code":41609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41611,41612,41625,41640,41644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41613,41614,41616,41618,41620,41623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41615,2403],{"class":50},[44,41617,55],{"class":54},[44,41619,284],{"class":272},[44,41621,41622],{"class":276},"  7.25  ",[44,41624,3318],{"class":272},[44,41626,41627,41630,41632,41634,41636,41638],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41628,41629],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41631,55],{"class":54},[44,41633,8379],{"class":50},[44,41635,108],{"class":58},[44,41637,8581],{"class":111},[44,41639,8590],{"class":58},[44,41641,41642],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41643,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41645,41646,41648,41650,41652,41654,41657],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41647,128],{"class":127},[44,41649,115],{"class":58},[44,41651,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41653,115],{"class":58},[44,41655,41656],{"class":111},"clean_value",[44,41658,637],{"class":58},[20,41660,2028],{},[35,41662,41664],{"className":37,"code":41663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41665,41666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41667,41668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41669,41663],{"class":62},[420,41671,41673],{"id":41672},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41675,41676],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41678,41680],{"className":37,"code":41679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41681,41682,41695,41699,41709,41723,41738,41742,41756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41683,41684,41686,41688,41690,41693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41685,2403],{"class":50},[44,41687,55],{"class":54},[44,41689,284],{"class":272},[44,41691,41692],{"class":276}," 3.5 ",[44,41694,3318],{"class":272},[44,41696,41697],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41698,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41700,41701,41703,41705,41707],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41702,128],{"class":127},[44,41704,115],{"class":58},[44,41706,2429],{"class":111},[44,41708,121],{"class":58},[44,41710,41711,41713,41715,41717,41719,41721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41712,128],{"class":127},[44,41714,115],{"class":58},[44,41716,1459],{"class":1458},[44,41718,115],{"class":58},[44,41720,2429],{"class":111},[44,41722,637],{"class":58},[44,41724,41725,41727,41729,41732,41734,41736],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,41726,128],{"class":127},[44,41728,115],{"class":58},[44,41730,41731],{"class":127},"repr",[44,41733,115],{"class":58},[44,41735,2429],{"class":111},[44,41737,637],{"class":58},[44,41739,41740],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,41741,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41743,41744,41746,41748,41750,41752,41754],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,41745,41629],{"class":50},[44,41747,55],{"class":54},[44,41749,8379],{"class":50},[44,41751,108],{"class":58},[44,41753,8581],{"class":111},[44,41755,8590],{"class":58},[44,41757,41758,41760,41762,41764,41766,41768],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,41759,128],{"class":127},[44,41761,115],{"class":58},[44,41763,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41765,115],{"class":58},[44,41767,41656],{"class":111},[44,41769,637],{"class":58},[20,41771,41772],{},"Why this helps:",[161,41774,41775,41781,41786,41792],{},[164,41776,41777,41780],{},[15,41778,41779],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[164,41782,41783,21318],{},[15,41784,41785],{},"print(type(value))",[164,41787,41788,41791],{},[15,41789,41790],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[164,41793,41794,41796],{},[15,41795,41605],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[420,41798,41800],{"id":41799},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41802,41803],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41805,41807],{"className":37,"code":41806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41808,41809,41828,41832,41838,41853,41872,41881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41810,41811,41813,41815,41817,41819,41821,41824,41826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41812,2403],{"class":50},[44,41814,55],{"class":54},[44,41816,8190],{"class":127},[44,41818,115],{"class":58},[44,41820,273],{"class":272},[44,41822,41823],{"class":276},"Enter a number: ",[44,41825,273],{"class":272},[44,41827,121],{"class":58},[44,41829,41830],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,41831,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,41833,41834,41836],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,41835,29755],{"class":3832},[44,41837,6344],{"class":58},[44,41839,41840,41843,41845,41847,41849,41851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41841,41842],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41844,55],{"class":54},[44,41846,40206],{"class":1458},[44,41848,115],{"class":58},[44,41850,2429],{"class":111},[44,41852,121],{"class":58},[44,41854,41855,41857,41859,41861,41864,41866,41868,41870],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,41856,8017],{"class":127},[44,41858,115],{"class":58},[44,41860,273],{"class":272},[44,41862,41863],{"class":276},"Converted:",[44,41865,273],{"class":272},[44,41867,66],{"class":58},[44,41869,2153],{"class":111},[44,41871,121],{"class":58},[44,41873,41874,41876,41879],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,41875,29786],{"class":3832},[44,41877,41878],{"class":1458}," ValueError",[44,41880,6344],{"class":58},[44,41882,41883,41885,41887,41889,41892,41894],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,41884,8017],{"class":127},[44,41886,115],{"class":58},[44,41888,273],{"class":272},[44,41890,41891],{"class":276},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41893,273],{"class":272},[44,41895,121],{"class":58},[20,41897,41898,41899,108],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[394,41900,40847],{"href":40846},[30,41902,41904],{"id":41903},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41906,10540,41907,398,41909,41911],{},[15,41908,2843],{},[15,41910,2836],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41913,41914,41916],{},[15,41915,2843],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41918,41920],{"className":37,"code":41919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41921,41922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934,41937,41939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41925,128],{"class":127},[44,41927,115],{"class":58},[44,41929,2148],{"class":1458},[44,41931,115],{"class":58},[44,41933,273],{"class":272},[44,41935,41936],{"class":276},"3.9",[44,41938,273],{"class":272},[44,41940,637],{"class":58},[20,41942,2028],{},[35,41944,41946],{"className":37,"code":41945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41947,41948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41949,41950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41951,41945],{"class":62},[20,41953,41954,41956],{},[15,41955,2836],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41958,41960],{"className":37,"code":41959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41961,41962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41963,41964,41966,41968,41970,41972,41974,41976,41978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41965,128],{"class":127},[44,41967,115],{"class":58},[44,41969,2145],{"class":1458},[44,41971,115],{"class":58},[44,41973,273],{"class":272},[44,41975,2287],{"class":276},[44,41977,273],{"class":272},[44,41979,637],{"class":58},[20,41981,2028],{},[35,41983,41984],{"className":37,"code":2333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41985,41986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41987,41988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41989,2333],{"class":62},[20,41991,41992,41993,41996],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41994,41995],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41998,42000],{"className":37,"code":41999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42001,42002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42003,42004,42006,42008,42010,42012,42014,42016,42018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42005,128],{"class":127},[44,42007,115],{"class":58},[44,42009,2145],{"class":1458},[44,42011,115],{"class":58},[44,42013,273],{"class":272},[44,42015,41936],{"class":276},[44,42017,273],{"class":272},[44,42019,637],{"class":58},[20,42021,2960,42022,8548,42024,42027],{},[15,42023,40655],{},[15,42025,42026],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42029,10663],{},[161,42031,42032,42038],{},[164,42033,42034,42037],{},[15,42035,42036],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[164,42039,42040,42042],{},[15,42041,41995],{}," fails",[20,42044,567,42045,42048,42049,42051],{},[394,42046,42047],{"href":2833},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[394,42050,2376],{"href":2375}," helpful.",[30,42053,1757],{"id":1756},[420,42055,42057],{"id":42056},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42059,42060,42061,2837,42063,108],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42062,2448],{},[15,42064,40094],{},[420,42066,42068],{"id":42067},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42070,42071,42072,2837,42075,108],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42073,42074],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42076,42077],{},"\"10\"",[420,42079,42081],{"id":42080},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42083,29012,42084,42086,42087,108],{},[15,42085,41481],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42088,40655],{},[420,42090,42092],{"id":42091},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42094,5102,42095,108],{},[15,42096,3726],{},[420,42098,42100],{"id":42099},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42102,42103,42104,42106,42107,398,42110,42106,42112,108],{},"Yes. ",[15,42105,3565],{}," becomes ",[15,42108,42109],{},"1.0",[15,42111,3633],{},[15,42113,3726],{},[30,42115,1821],{"id":1820},[161,42117,42118,42122,42128,42133,42137,42141],{},[164,42119,42120],{},[394,42121,42047],{"href":2833},[164,42123,42124],{},[394,42125,42127],{"href":42126},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[164,42129,42130],{},[394,42131,42132],{"href":40842},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[164,42134,42135],{},[394,42136,9006],{"href":8928},[164,42138,42139],{},[394,42140,40847],{"href":40846},[164,42142,42143],{},[394,42144,42145],{"href":8167},"Python input() Function Explained",[1872,42147,42148],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":42150},[42151,42152,42153,42154,42161,42166,42167,42174,42179,42186,42187,42194],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":40141,"depth":75,"text":40142},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":40366,"depth":75,"text":40367,"children":42155},[42156,42157,42158,42159,42160],{"id":40375,"depth":95,"text":40376},{"id":40439,"depth":95,"text":40440},{"id":40503,"depth":95,"text":40504},{"id":40545,"depth":95,"text":40546},{"id":40600,"depth":95,"text":40601},{"id":40639,"depth":75,"text":40640,"children":42162},[42163,42164,42165],{"id":40648,"depth":95,"text":40649},{"id":40734,"depth":95,"text":40735},{"id":40804,"depth":95,"text":40805},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":40996,"depth":75,"text":40997,"children":42168},[42169,42171,42172,42173],{"id":41000,"depth":95,"text":42170},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41093,"depth":95,"text":41094},{"id":41179,"depth":95,"text":41180},{"id":41241,"depth":95,"text":41242},{"id":41301,"depth":75,"text":41302,"children":42175},[42176,42177,42178],{"id":41310,"depth":95,"text":41311},{"id":41349,"depth":95,"text":41350},{"id":41390,"depth":95,"text":41391},{"id":41455,"depth":75,"text":41456,"children":42180},[42181,42182,42183,42184,42185],{"id":41465,"depth":95,"text":40655},{"id":41531,"depth":95,"text":1424},{"id":41598,"depth":95,"text":41599},{"id":41672,"depth":95,"text":41673},{"id":41799,"depth":95,"text":41800},{"id":41903,"depth":75,"text":41904},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":42188},[42189,42190,42191,42192,42193],{"id":42056,"depth":95,"text":42057},{"id":42067,"depth":95,"text":42068},{"id":42080,"depth":95,"text":42081},{"id":42091,"depth":95,"text":42092},{"id":42099,"depth":95,"text":42100},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40042,"description":42195},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42202,"title":42203,"body":42204,"description":43425,"extension":1921,"meta":43426,"navigation":98,"path":34975,"seo":43427,"stem":43428,"__hash__":43429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42205,"toc":43391},[42206,42209,42214,42217,42219,42258,42272,42276,42281,42284,42301,42304,42314,42329,42332,42334,42337,42353,42356,42359,42379,42383,42394,42397,42401,42405,42419,42454,42458,42469,42504,42507,42509,42517,42550,42566,42568,42578,42599,42610,42612,42617,42620,42634,42636,42655,42658,42671,42674,42678,42682,42696,42699,42717,42720,42735,42739,42744,42758,42764,42766,42823,42825,42858,42861,42877,42881,42888,42892,42897,42900,42911,42915,42920,42935,42944,42949,42968,42971,42983,42985,42990,43000,43003,43032,43037,43046,43050,43055,43058,43062,43067,43069,43099,43102,43109,43114,43119,43123,43126,43134,43137,43215,43218,43240,43242,43246,43249,43253,43259,43322,43326,43334,43338,43341,43343,43368,43388],[10,42207,42203],{"id":42208},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42210,3543,42211,42213],{},[15,42212,34978],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42215,42216],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42218,33],{"id":32},[35,42220,42222],{"className":37,"code":42221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42223,42224,42234,42244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42225,42226,42228,42230,42232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42227,1483],{"class":127},[44,42229,115],{"class":58},[44,42231,11112],{"class":127},[44,42233,121],{"class":58},[44,42235,42236,42238,42240,42242],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42237,1483],{"class":127},[44,42239,115],{"class":58},[44,42241,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42243,121],{"class":58},[44,42245,42246,42248,42250,42252,42254,42256],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,42247,1483],{"class":127},[44,42249,115],{"class":58},[44,42251,3259],{"class":272},[44,42253,34609],{"class":276},[44,42255,3259],{"class":272},[44,42257,121],{"class":58},[20,42259,144,42260,42262,42263,2837,42265,42267,42268,42271],{},[15,42261,34978],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42264,11112],{},[15,42266,3403],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42269,42270],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42273,42275],{"id":42274},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42277,42278,42280],{},[15,42279,34978],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42282,42283],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[161,42285,42286,42289,42292,42295,42298],{},[164,42287,42288],{},"Functions",[164,42290,42291],{},"Classes",[164,42293,42294],{},"Methods",[164,42296,42297],{},"Modules",[164,42299,42300],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42302,42303],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42305,42306,42307,42313],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[394,42308,42310],{"href":42309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42311,42312],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42315,42317],{"className":37,"code":42316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42318,42319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42320,42321,42323,42325,42327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42322,1483],{"class":127},[44,42324,115],{"class":58},[44,42326,11112],{"class":127},[44,42328,121],{"class":58},[20,42330,42331],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42333,188],{"id":187},[20,42335,42336],{},"The main form is:",[35,42338,42340],{"className":37,"code":42339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42341,42342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42343,42344,42346,42348,42351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42345,1483],{"class":127},[44,42347,115],{"class":58},[44,42349,42350],{"class":1458},"object",[44,42352,121],{"class":58},[20,42354,42355],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42357,42358],{},"Common examples include:",[161,42360,42361,42365,42370,42374],{},[164,42362,42363],{},[15,42364,11112],{},[164,42366,42367],{},[15,42368,42369],{},"list.append",[164,42371,42372],{},[15,42373,3403],{},[164,42375,42376],{},[15,42377,42378],{},"open",[20,42380,7122,42381,7125],{},[15,42382,34978],{},[35,42384,42386],{"className":37,"code":42385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42387,42388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42389,42390,42392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42391,1483],{"class":127},[44,42393,8590],{"class":58},[20,42395,42396],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42398,42400],{"id":42399},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[420,42402,42404],{"id":42403},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42406,42407,42408,798,42410,798,42412,802,42415,108],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42409,11112],{},[15,42411,128],{},[15,42413,42414],{},"input",[394,42416,42417],{"href":2255},[15,42418,2258],{},[35,42420,42422],{"className":37,"code":42421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42423,42424,42434,42444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42425,42426,42428,42430,42432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42427,1483],{"class":127},[44,42429,115],{"class":58},[44,42431,128],{"class":127},[44,42433,121],{"class":58},[44,42435,42436,42438,42440,42442],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42437,1483],{"class":127},[44,42439,115],{"class":58},[44,42441,42414],{"class":127},[44,42443,121],{"class":58},[44,42445,42446,42448,42450,42452],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,42447,1483],{"class":127},[44,42449,115],{"class":58},[44,42451,1459],{"class":1458},[44,42453,121],{"class":58},[420,42455,42457],{"id":42456},"data-types","Data types",[20,42459,42460,42461,798,42463,798,42465,802,42467,108],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42462,3403],{},[15,42464,226],{},[15,42466,8769],{},[15,42468,236],{},[35,42470,42472],{"className":37,"code":42471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42473,42474,42484,42494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42475,42476,42478,42480,42482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42477,1483],{"class":127},[44,42479,115],{"class":58},[44,42481,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42483,121],{"class":58},[44,42485,42486,42488,42490,42492],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42487,1483],{"class":127},[44,42489,115],{"class":58},[44,42491,226],{"class":1458},[44,42493,121],{"class":58},[44,42495,42496,42498,42500,42502],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,42497,1483],{"class":127},[44,42499,115],{"class":58},[44,42501,8769],{"class":1458},[44,42503,121],{"class":58},[20,42505,42506],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[420,42508,42294],{"id":34456},[20,42510,42511,42512,398,42515,108],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42513,42514],{},"str.split",[15,42516,42369],{},[35,42518,42520],{"className":37,"code":42519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42521,42522,42536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42523,42524,42526,42528,42530,42532,42534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42525,1483],{"class":127},[44,42527,115],{"class":58},[44,42529,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42531,108],{"class":58},[44,42533,34419],{"class":1492},[44,42535,121],{"class":58},[44,42537,42538,42540,42542,42544,42546,42548],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42539,1483],{"class":127},[44,42541,115],{"class":58},[44,42543,226],{"class":1458},[44,42545,108],{"class":58},[44,42547,520],{"class":1492},[44,42549,121],{"class":58},[20,42551,42552,42553,8652,42555,28265,42560,42562,42563,42565],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42554,34978],{},[394,42556,42558],{"href":42557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42559,34261],{},[15,42561,34261],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42564,34978],{}," explains one of them.",[420,42567,42297],{"id":34609},[20,42569,42570,42571,798,42573,802,42575,108],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42572,18367],{},[15,42574,35141],{},[15,42576,42577],{},"os",[35,42579,42581],{"className":37,"code":42580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42582,42583,42589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42584,42585,42587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42586,35042],{"class":3832},[44,42588,35045],{"class":50},[44,42590,42591,42593,42595,42597],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42592,1483],{"class":127},[44,42594,115],{"class":58},[44,42596,18367],{"class":111},[44,42598,121],{"class":58},[20,42600,42601,42602,42606,42607,108],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[394,42603,42605],{"href":42604},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[394,42608,35108],{"href":42609},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42611,34869],{"id":34868},[20,42613,42614,42616],{},[15,42615,34978],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42618,42619],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[161,42621,42622,42625,42628,42631],{},[164,42623,42624],{},"The function signature",[164,42626,42627],{},"The short description",[164,42629,42630],{},"Parameter names",[164,42632,42633],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42635,1659],{},[35,42637,42639],{"className":37,"code":42638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42640,42641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42642,42643,42645,42647,42649,42651,42653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42644,1483],{"class":127},[44,42646,115],{"class":58},[44,42648,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42650,108],{"class":58},[44,42652,34419],{"class":1492},[44,42654,121],{"class":58},[20,42656,42657],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[161,42659,42660,42663,42666,42668],{},[164,42661,42662],{},"What object this is",[164,42664,42665],{},"What arguments it accepts",[164,42667,21921],{},[164,42669,42670],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42672,42673],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42675,42677],{"id":42676},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42679,42680,29825],{},[15,42681,34978],{},[161,42683,42684,42687,42690,42693],{},[164,42685,42686],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[164,42688,42689],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[164,42691,42692],{},"You are exploring a new module",[164,42694,42695],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42697,42698],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42700,42701],{"className":37,"code":42638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42702,42703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42704,42705,42707,42709,42711,42713,42715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42706,1483],{"class":127},[44,42708,115],{"class":58},[44,42710,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42712,108],{"class":58},[44,42714,34419],{"class":1492},[44,42716,121],{"class":58},[20,42718,42719],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42721,42723],{"className":37,"code":42722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42724,42725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42726,42727,42729,42731,42733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42728,1483],{"class":127},[44,42730,115],{"class":58},[44,42732,42378],{"class":127},[44,42734,121],{"class":58},[30,42736,42738],{"id":42737},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42740,42741,42743],{},[15,42742,34978],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[161,42745,42746,42749,42752,42755],{},[164,42747,42748],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[164,42750,42751],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[164,42753,42754],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[164,42756,42757],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42759,42760,42761,42763],{},"So, ",[15,42762,34978],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42765,1659],{},[35,42767,42769],{"className":37,"code":42768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42770,42771,42784,42808,42812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42772,42773,42775,42777,42779,42782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42774,34638],{"class":50},[44,42776,55],{"class":54},[44,42778,284],{"class":272},[44,42780,42781],{"class":276},"a,b,c",[44,42783,3318],{"class":272},[44,42785,42786,42789,42791,42794,42796,42798,42800,42802,42804,42806],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,42787,42788],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42790,55],{"class":54},[44,42792,42793],{"class":50}," text",[44,42795,108],{"class":58},[44,42797,34419],{"class":111},[44,42799,115],{"class":58},[44,42801,273],{"class":272},[44,42803,66],{"class":276},[44,42805,273],{"class":272},[44,42807,121],{"class":58},[44,42809,42810],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,42811,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,42813,42814,42816,42818,42821],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42815,128],{"class":127},[44,42817,115],{"class":58},[44,42819,42820],{"class":111},"parts",[44,42822,121],{"class":58},[20,42824,5510],{},[35,42826,42828],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42829,42830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42831,42832,42834,42836,42838,42840,42842,42844,42846,42848,42850,42852,42854,42856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42833,3856],{"class":58},[44,42835,3259],{"class":272},[44,42837,394],{"class":276},[44,42839,3259],{"class":272},[44,42841,66],{"class":58},[44,42843,3254],{"class":272},[44,42845,4714],{"class":276},[44,42847,3259],{"class":272},[44,42849,66],{"class":58},[44,42851,3254],{"class":272},[44,42853,9689],{"class":276},[44,42855,3259],{"class":272},[44,42857,72],{"class":58},[20,42859,42860],{},"A good workflow is:",[28664,42862,42863,42868,42871,42874],{},[164,42864,144,42865,42867],{},[15,42866,34978],{}," to inspect something",[164,42869,42870],{},"Write a tiny example",[164,42872,42873],{},"Check the result",[164,42875,42876],{},"Repeat",[30,42878,42880],{"id":42879},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42882,42883,398,42885,42887],{},[15,42884,34978],{},[15,42886,34261],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[420,42889,42890],{"id":1483},[15,42891,34978],{},[20,42893,144,42894,42896],{},[15,42895,34978],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42898,42899],{},"It tells you:",[161,42901,42902,42905,42908],{},[164,42903,42904],{},"What something is",[164,42906,42907],{},"How to use it",[164,42909,42910],{},"What parameters it accepts",[420,42912,42913],{"id":34322},[15,42914,34261],{},[20,42916,144,42917,42919],{},[15,42918,34261],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42921,42923],{"className":37,"code":42922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42924,42925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42926,42927,42929,42931,42933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42928,34322],{"class":127},[44,42930,115],{"class":58},[44,42932,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42934,121],{"class":58},[20,42936,42937,42938,798,42940,802,42942,108],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42939,34419],{},[15,42941,8581],{},[15,42943,8587],{},[20,42945,42946,42947,159],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42948,34978],{},[35,42950,42952],{"className":37,"code":42951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42953,42954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42955,42956,42958,42960,42962,42964,42966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42957,1483],{"class":127},[44,42959,115],{"class":58},[44,42961,3403],{"class":1458},[44,42963,108],{"class":58},[44,42965,8587],{"class":1492},[44,42967,121],{"class":58},[20,42969,42970],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[161,42972,42973,42978],{},[164,42974,144,42975,42977],{},[15,42976,34261],{}," to discover options",[164,42979,144,42980,42982],{},[15,42981,34978],{}," to understand one option",[30,42984,2788],{"id":2787},[20,42986,42987,42988,108],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42989,34978],{},[420,42991,582,42993,42996,42997],{"id":42992},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42994,42995],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42998,42999],{},"help(len)",[20,43001,43002],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,43004,43006],{"className":37,"code":43005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43007,43008,43018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43009,43010,43012,43014,43016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43011,1483],{"class":127},[44,43013,115],{"class":58},[44,43015,11112],{"class":127},[44,43017,121],{"class":58},[44,43019,43020,43022,43024,43026,43028,43030],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43021,1483],{"class":127},[44,43023,115],{"class":58},[44,43025,3259],{"class":272},[44,43027,11112],{"class":276},[44,43029,3259],{"class":272},[44,43031,121],{"class":58},[20,43033,43034,43036],{},[15,43035,42999],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43038,43039,43041,43042,43045],{},[15,43040,42995],{}," treats ",[15,43043,43044],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[420,43047,43049],{"id":43048},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43051,43052,43054],{},[15,43053,34978],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43056,43057],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[420,43059,43061],{"id":43060},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43063,40294,43064,43066],{},[15,43065,34978],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43068,2164],{},[35,43070,43072],{"className":37,"code":43071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43073,43074,43084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43075,43076,43078,43080,43082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43077,1483],{"class":127},[44,43079,115],{"class":58},[44,43081,11112],{"class":127},[44,43083,121],{"class":58},[44,43085,43086,43088,43090,43092,43095,43097],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43087,128],{"class":127},[44,43089,115],{"class":58},[44,43091,273],{"class":272},[44,43093,43094],{"class":276},"Done",[44,43096,273],{"class":272},[44,43098,121],{"class":58},[20,43100,43101],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[420,43103,37154,43105,8652,43107],{"id":43104},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43106,34978],{},[15,43108,34261],{},[20,43110,43111,43112,108],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43113,34261],{},[20,43115,43116,43117,108],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43118,34978],{},[30,43120,43122],{"id":43121},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43124,43125],{},"Open Python:",[35,43127,43128],{"className":37,"code":35494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43129,43130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43131,43132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43133,35494],{"class":50},[20,43135,43136],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43138,43140],{"className":37,"code":43139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43141,43142,43152,43166,43180,43190,43205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43143,43144,43146,43148,43150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43145,1483],{"class":127},[44,43147,115],{"class":58},[44,43149,11112],{"class":127},[44,43151,121],{"class":58},[44,43153,43154,43156,43158,43160,43162,43164],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43155,1483],{"class":127},[44,43157,115],{"class":58},[44,43159,3403],{"class":1458},[44,43161,108],{"class":58},[44,43163,34419],{"class":1492},[44,43165,121],{"class":58},[44,43167,43168,43170,43172,43174,43176,43178],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43169,1483],{"class":127},[44,43171,115],{"class":58},[44,43173,226],{"class":1458},[44,43175,108],{"class":58},[44,43177,520],{"class":1492},[44,43179,121],{"class":58},[44,43181,43182,43184,43186,43188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43183,1483],{"class":127},[44,43185,115],{"class":58},[44,43187,42378],{"class":127},[44,43189,121],{"class":58},[44,43191,43192,43194,43196,43198,43201,43203],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43193,1483],{"class":127},[44,43195,115],{"class":58},[44,43197,3259],{"class":272},[44,43199,43200],{"class":276},"keywords",[44,43202,3259],{"class":272},[44,43204,121],{"class":58},[44,43206,43207,43209,43211,43213],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,43208,34322],{"class":127},[44,43210,115],{"class":58},[44,43212,3403],{"class":1458},[44,43214,121],{"class":58},[20,43216,43217],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[161,43219,43220,43223,43226,43229,43232,43235],{},[164,43221,43222],{},"A built-in function",[164,43224,43225],{},"A string method",[164,43227,43228],{},"A list method",[164,43230,43231],{},"A built-in file function",[164,43233,43234],{},"A special help topic",[164,43236,15137,43237,43239],{},[15,43238,34261],{}," example for comparison",[30,43241,1757],{"id":1756},[420,43243,43245],{"id":43244},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43247,43248],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[420,43250,43252],{"id":43251},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43254,43255,43256,43258],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43257,34978],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43260,43262],{"className":37,"code":43261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43263,43264,43276,43289,43308,43312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43265,43266,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43267,34802],{"class":2022},[44,43269,34806],{"class":34805},[44,43271,115],{"class":58},[44,43273,7616],{"class":37613},[44,43275,8288],{"class":58},[44,43277,43278,43282,43286],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43279,43281],{"class":43280},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,43283,43285],{"class":43284},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43287,43288],{"class":43280},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43290,43291,43293,43296,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43292,34813],{"class":3832},[44,43294,43295],{"class":2022}," f",[44,43297,43298],{"class":276},"\"Hello, ",[44,43300,9227],{"class":62},[44,43302,7616],{"class":50},[44,43304,22254],{"class":62},[44,43306,43307],{"class":276},"!\"\n",[44,43309,43310],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43311,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43315,1483],{"class":127},[44,43317,115],{"class":58},[44,43319,34848],{"class":111},[44,43321,121],{"class":58},[420,43323,43325],{"id":43324},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43327,43328,43330,43331,43333],{},[15,43329,42999],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43332,42995],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[420,43335,43337],{"id":43336},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43339,43340],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43342,1821],{"id":1820},[161,43344,43345,43350,43354,43359,43364],{},[164,43346,43347],{},[394,43348,43349],{"href":42557},"Python dir() function explained",[164,43351,43352],{},[394,43353,8388],{"href":2255},[164,43355,43356],{},[394,43357,43358],{"href":42309},"Python len() function explained",[164,43360,43361],{},[394,43362,43363],{"href":42604},"How import works in Python",[164,43365,43366],{},[394,43367,35108],{"href":42609},[20,43369,43370,43371,43373,43374,798,43376,802,43378,43380,43381,2837,43384,43387],{},"Try ",[15,43372,34978],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43375,11112],{},[15,43377,128],{},[15,43379,42414],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43382,43383],{},"dir(str)",[15,43385,43386],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1872,43389,43390],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":43392},[43393,43394,43395,43396,43402,43403,43404,43405,43409,43417,43418,43424],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":42274,"depth":75,"text":42275},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":42399,"depth":75,"text":42400,"children":43397},[43398,43399,43400,43401],{"id":42403,"depth":95,"text":42404},{"id":42456,"depth":95,"text":42457},{"id":34456,"depth":95,"text":42294},{"id":34609,"depth":95,"text":42297},{"id":34868,"depth":75,"text":34869},{"id":42676,"depth":75,"text":42677},{"id":42737,"depth":75,"text":42738},{"id":42879,"depth":75,"text":42880,"children":43406},[43407,43408],{"id":1483,"depth":95,"text":34978},{"id":34322,"depth":95,"text":34261},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":43410},[43411,43413,43414,43415],{"id":42992,"depth":95,"text":43412},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43048,"depth":95,"text":43049},{"id":43060,"depth":95,"text":43061},{"id":43104,"depth":95,"text":43416},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43121,"depth":75,"text":43122},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":43419},[43420,43421,43422,43423],{"id":43244,"depth":95,"text":43245},{"id":43251,"depth":95,"text":43252},{"id":43324,"depth":95,"text":43325},{"id":43336,"depth":95,"text":43337},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42203,"description":43425},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43431,"title":43432,"body":43433,"description":44793,"extension":1921,"meta":44794,"navigation":98,"path":44795,"seo":44796,"stem":44797,"__hash__":44798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43434,"toc":44766},[43435,43441,43446,43452,43462,43521,43531,43541,43546,43552,43554,43572,43580,43582,43584,43599,43602,43613,43615,43706,43709,43713,43718,43739,43741,43852,43854,43881,43892,43896,43899,43982,43984,43992,43998,44004,44008,44011,44121,44123,44136,44139,44153,44161,44168,44173,44187,44193,44306,44308,44369,44372,44378,44384,44387,44409,44412,44482,44485,44517,44524,44526,44529,44547,44550,44562,44568,44570,44575,44600,44603,44675,44677,44683,44686,44692,44695,44701,44711,44717,44720,44727,44730,44732,44763],[10,43436,3536,43438,3540],{"id":43437},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43439,43440],{},"id()",[20,43442,32268,43443,43445],{},[15,43444,43440],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43447,43448,43449,43451],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43450,43440],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43453,144,43454,43456,43457,43459,43460,108],{},[15,43455,43440],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[214,43458,4583],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43461,4641],{},[35,43463,43465],{"className":37,"code":43464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43466,43467,43479,43493,43497,43507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43468,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43470,7824],{"class":50},[44,43472,55],{"class":54},[44,43474,284],{"class":272},[44,43476,7244],{"class":276},[44,43478,3318],{"class":272},[44,43480,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43482,128],{"class":127},[44,43484,115],{"class":58},[44,43486,12600],{"class":127},[44,43488,115],{"class":58},[44,43490,7616],{"class":111},[44,43492,637],{"class":58},[44,43494,43495],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43496,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,43498,43499,43502,43504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43500,43501],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43503,55],{"class":54},[44,43505,43506],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43508,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43510,128],{"class":127},[44,43512,115],{"class":58},[44,43514,12600],{"class":127},[44,43516,115],{"class":58},[44,43518,30694],{"class":111},[44,43520,637],{"class":58},[20,43522,43523,43524,43527,43528,43530],{},"In this example, ",[15,43525,43526],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43529,43440],{}," values match.",[1496,43532,43533],{},[20,43534,144,43535,43537,43538,43540],{},[15,43536,43440],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43539,4641],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43542,151,43544,154],{"id":43543},"what-id-does",[15,43545,43440],{},[20,43547,43548,43551],{},[15,43549,43550],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43553,13002],{},[161,43555,43556,43559,43566,43569],{},[164,43557,43558],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[164,43560,43561,43562,43565],{},"It shows ",[214,43563,43564],{},"object identity",", not object value",[164,43567,43568],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[164,43570,43571],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43573,43574,43575,43579],{},"This is closely related to how ",[394,43576,43578],{"href":43577},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43581,188],{"id":187},[20,43583,5388],{},[35,43585,43587],{"className":37,"code":43586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43588,43589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43590,43591,43593,43595,43597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43592,12600],{"class":127},[44,43594,115],{"class":58},[44,43596,42350],{"class":1458},[44,43598,121],{"class":58},[20,43600,43601],{},"Important details:",[161,43603,43604,43607,43610],{},[164,43605,43606],{},"It takes one argument",[164,43608,43609],{},"It returns an integer",[164,43611,43612],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43614,2164],{},[35,43616,43618],{"className":37,"code":43617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43619,43620,43632,43640,43660,43664,43678,43692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43621,43622,43624,43626,43628,43630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43623,34638],{"class":50},[44,43625,55],{"class":54},[44,43627,284],{"class":272},[44,43629,1262],{"class":276},[44,43631,3318],{"class":272},[44,43633,43634,43636,43638],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43635,2174],{"class":50},[44,43637,55],{"class":54},[44,43639,2726],{"class":62},[44,43641,43642,43644,43646,43648,43650,43652,43654,43656,43658],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43643,818],{"class":50},[44,43645,55],{"class":54},[44,43647,59],{"class":58},[44,43649,63],{"class":62},[44,43651,66],{"class":58},[44,43653,69],{"class":62},[44,43655,66],{"class":58},[44,43657,2408],{"class":62},[44,43659,72],{"class":58},[44,43661,43662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43663,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,43665,43666,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43667,128],{"class":127},[44,43669,115],{"class":58},[44,43671,12600],{"class":127},[44,43673,115],{"class":58},[44,43675,34659],{"class":111},[44,43677,637],{"class":58},[44,43679,43680,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,43681,128],{"class":127},[44,43683,115],{"class":58},[44,43685,12600],{"class":127},[44,43687,115],{"class":58},[44,43689,2196],{"class":111},[44,43691,637],{"class":58},[44,43693,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,43695,128],{"class":127},[44,43697,115],{"class":58},[44,43699,12600],{"class":127},[44,43701,115],{"class":58},[44,43703,835],{"class":111},[44,43705,637],{"class":58},[20,43707,43708],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43710,43712],{"id":43711},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43714,43715,43716,108],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43717,43440],{},[161,43719,43720,43727,43734],{},[164,43721,43722,43724,43725],{},[15,43723,4641],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[214,43726,2429],{},[164,43728,43729,43731,43732],{},[15,43730,12144],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[214,43733,42350],{},[164,43735,43736,43738],{},[15,43737,43440],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43740,2164],{},[35,43742,43744],{"className":37,"code":43743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43745,43746,43766,43786,43790,43807,43824,43838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43749,2511],{"class":50},[44,43751,55],{"class":54},[44,43753,59],{"class":58},[44,43755,63],{"class":62},[44,43757,66],{"class":58},[44,43759,69],{"class":62},[44,43761,66],{"class":58},[44,43763,2408],{"class":62},[44,43765,72],{"class":58},[44,43767,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43769,2539],{"class":50},[44,43771,55],{"class":54},[44,43773,59],{"class":58},[44,43775,63],{"class":62},[44,43777,66],{"class":58},[44,43779,69],{"class":62},[44,43781,66],{"class":58},[44,43783,2408],{"class":62},[44,43785,72],{"class":58},[44,43787,43788],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43789,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802,43804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43793,128],{"class":127},[44,43795,115],{"class":58},[44,43797,2511],{"class":111},[44,43799,4641],{"class":54},[44,43801,2516],{"class":111},[44,43803,1476],{"class":58},[44,43805,43806],{"class":140},"   # True\n",[44,43808,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819,43821],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43810,128],{"class":127},[44,43812,115],{"class":58},[44,43814,2511],{"class":111},[44,43816,12144],{"class":3832},[44,43818,2516],{"class":111},[44,43820,1476],{"class":58},[44,43822,43823],{"class":140},"   # False\n",[44,43825,43826,43828,43830,43832,43834,43836],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,43827,128],{"class":127},[44,43829,115],{"class":58},[44,43831,12600],{"class":127},[44,43833,115],{"class":58},[44,43835,394],{"class":111},[44,43837,637],{"class":58},[44,43839,43840,43842,43844,43846,43848,43850],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,43841,128],{"class":127},[44,43843,115],{"class":58},[44,43845,12600],{"class":127},[44,43847,115],{"class":58},[44,43849,4714],{"class":111},[44,43851,637],{"class":58},[20,43853,2135],{},[161,43855,43856,43864,43872],{},[164,43857,43858,4737,43861,43863],{},[15,43859,43860],{},"a == b",[15,43862,3565],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[164,43865,43866,4737,43869,43871],{},[15,43867,43868],{},"a is b",[15,43870,3633],{}," because they are different list objects",[164,43873,43874,398,43877,43880],{},[15,43875,43876],{},"id(a)",[15,43878,43879],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43882,43883,43884,398,43888,108],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[394,43885,43887],{"href":43886},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[394,43889,43891],{"href":43890},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43893,43895],{"id":43894},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43897,43898],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43900,43902],{"className":37,"code":43901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43903,43904,43924,43934,43938,43952,43967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43907,51],{"class":50},[44,43909,55],{"class":54},[44,43911,59],{"class":58},[44,43913,2287],{"class":62},[44,43915,66],{"class":58},[44,43917,7738],{"class":62},[44,43919,66],{"class":58},[44,43921,7743],{"class":62},[44,43923,72],{"class":58},[44,43925,43926,43929,43931],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,43927,43928],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43930,55],{"class":54},[44,43932,43933],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43935,43936],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,43937,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43941,128],{"class":127},[44,43943,115],{"class":58},[44,43945,12600],{"class":127},[44,43947,115],{"class":58},[44,43949,105],{"class":111},[44,43951,637],{"class":58},[44,43953,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43965],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,43955,128],{"class":127},[44,43957,115],{"class":58},[44,43959,12600],{"class":127},[44,43961,115],{"class":58},[44,43963,43964],{"class":111},"other_numbers",[44,43966,637],{"class":58},[44,43968,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43980],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,43970,128],{"class":127},[44,43972,115],{"class":58},[44,43974,51],{"class":111},[44,43976,12144],{"class":3832},[44,43978,43979],{"class":111}," other_numbers",[44,43981,121],{"class":58},[20,43983,5510],{},[35,43985,43986],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43987,43988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43989,43990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43991,3936],{"class":1582},[20,43993,43994,43995,43997],{},"The two ",[15,43996,43440],{}," values will also match.",[20,43999,22140,44000,44003],{},[15,44001,44002],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,44005,44007],{"id":44006},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44009,44010],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,44012,44014],{"className":37,"code":44013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44015,44016,44037,44058,44062,44077,44091,44106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44017,44018,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44019,44020],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,44022,55],{"class":54},[44,44024,59],{"class":58},[44,44026,63],{"class":62},[44,44028,66],{"class":58},[44,44030,69],{"class":62},[44,44032,66],{"class":58},[44,44034,2408],{"class":62},[44,44036,72],{"class":58},[44,44038,44039,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44040,44041],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,44043,55],{"class":54},[44,44045,59],{"class":58},[44,44047,63],{"class":62},[44,44049,66],{"class":58},[44,44051,69],{"class":62},[44,44053,66],{"class":58},[44,44055,2408],{"class":62},[44,44057,72],{"class":58},[44,44059,44060],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,44061,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,44063,44064,44066,44068,44070,44072,44075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44065,128],{"class":127},[44,44067,115],{"class":58},[44,44069,44020],{"class":111},[44,44071,4641],{"class":54},[44,44073,44074],{"class":111}," list_b",[44,44076,121],{"class":58},[44,44078,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087,44089],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,44080,128],{"class":127},[44,44082,115],{"class":58},[44,44084,44020],{"class":111},[44,44086,12144],{"class":3832},[44,44088,44074],{"class":111},[44,44090,121],{"class":58},[44,44092,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44104],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,44094,128],{"class":127},[44,44096,115],{"class":58},[44,44098,12600],{"class":127},[44,44100,115],{"class":58},[44,44102,44103],{"class":111},"list_a",[44,44105,637],{"class":58},[44,44107,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44119],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,44109,128],{"class":127},[44,44111,115],{"class":58},[44,44113,12600],{"class":127},[44,44115,115],{"class":58},[44,44117,44118],{"class":111},"list_b",[44,44120,637],{"class":58},[20,44122,5510],{},[35,44124,44126],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44127,44128,44132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44129,44130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44131,3936],{"class":1582},[44,44133,44134],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44135,3997],{"class":1582},[20,44137,44138],{},"What this means:",[161,44140,44141,44144,44147],{},[164,44142,44143],{},"The lists are equal in value",[164,44145,44146],{},"They are not the same object",[164,44148,44149,44150,44152],{},"Their ",[15,44151,43440],{}," values are usually different",[20,44154,44155,44156,44158,44159,108],{},"This is why ",[15,44157,43440],{}," should not replace ",[15,44160,4641],{},[30,44162,44164,44165,44167],{"id":44163},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44166,43440],{}," is useful",[20,44169,44170,44172],{},[15,44171,43440],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[161,44174,44175,44178,44181,44184],{},[164,44176,44177],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[164,44179,44180],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[164,44182,44183],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[164,44185,44186],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44188,44189,44190,44192],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44191,43440],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44194,44196],{"className":37,"code":44195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44197,44198,44222,44231,44235,44254,44258,44268,44278,44292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44199,44200,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44201,12036],{"class":50},[44,44203,55],{"class":54},[44,44205,59],{"class":58},[44,44207,273],{"class":272},[44,44209,394],{"class":276},[44,44211,273],{"class":272},[44,44213,66],{"class":58},[44,44215,284],{"class":272},[44,44217,4714],{"class":276},[44,44219,273],{"class":272},[44,44221,72],{"class":58},[44,44223,44224,44227,44229],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44225,44226],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44228,55],{"class":54},[44,44230,12074],{"class":50},[44,44232,44233],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,44234,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,44236,44237,44240,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44238,44239],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44241,108],{"class":58},[44,44243,520],{"class":111},[44,44245,115],{"class":58},[44,44247,273],{"class":272},[44,44249,9689],{"class":276},[44,44251,273],{"class":272},[44,44253,121],{"class":58},[44,44255,44256],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,44257,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,44259,44260,44262,44264,44266],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,44261,128],{"class":127},[44,44263,115],{"class":58},[44,44265,12083],{"class":111},[44,44267,121],{"class":58},[44,44269,44270,44272,44274,44276],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,44271,128],{"class":127},[44,44273,115],{"class":58},[44,44275,44239],{"class":111},[44,44277,121],{"class":58},[44,44279,44280,44282,44284,44286,44288,44290],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,44281,128],{"class":127},[44,44283,115],{"class":58},[44,44285,12600],{"class":127},[44,44287,115],{"class":58},[44,44289,12083],{"class":111},[44,44291,637],{"class":58},[44,44293,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44304],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,44295,128],{"class":127},[44,44297,115],{"class":58},[44,44299,12600],{"class":127},[44,44301,115],{"class":58},[44,44303,44239],{"class":111},[44,44305,637],{"class":58},[20,44307,5510],{},[35,44309,44311],{"className":37,"code":44310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44312,44313,44341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44314,44315,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44316,3856],{"class":58},[44,44318,3259],{"class":272},[44,44320,394],{"class":276},[44,44322,3259],{"class":272},[44,44324,66],{"class":58},[44,44326,3254],{"class":272},[44,44328,4714],{"class":276},[44,44330,3259],{"class":272},[44,44332,66],{"class":58},[44,44334,3254],{"class":272},[44,44336,9689],{"class":276},[44,44338,3259],{"class":272},[44,44340,72],{"class":58},[44,44342,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363,44365,44367],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44344,3856],{"class":58},[44,44346,3259],{"class":272},[44,44348,394],{"class":276},[44,44350,3259],{"class":272},[44,44352,66],{"class":58},[44,44354,3254],{"class":272},[44,44356,4714],{"class":276},[44,44358,3259],{"class":272},[44,44360,66],{"class":58},[44,44362,3254],{"class":272},[44,44364,9689],{"class":276},[44,44366,3259],{"class":272},[44,44368,72],{"class":58},[20,44370,44371],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44373,44375,44376],{"id":44374},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44377,43440],{},[20,44379,44380,44381,44383],{},"Do not use ",[15,44382,43440],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44385,44386],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[161,44388,44389,44395,44401,44404],{},[164,44390,44391,44392,44394],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44393,4641],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[164,44396,44397,44398,44400],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44399,43440],{}," values across program runs",[164,44402,44403],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[164,44405,44406,44407],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44408,43440],{},[20,44410,44411],{},"Bad example:",[35,44413,44415],{"className":37,"code":44414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44416,44417,44429,44441,44445,44467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44418,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44420,2511],{"class":50},[44,44422,55],{"class":54},[44,44424,284],{"class":272},[44,44426,36997],{"class":276},[44,44428,3318],{"class":272},[44,44430,44431,44433,44435,44437,44439],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44432,2539],{"class":50},[44,44434,55],{"class":54},[44,44436,284],{"class":272},[44,44438,36997],{"class":276},[44,44440,3318],{"class":272},[44,44442,44443],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,44444,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,44446,44447,44449,44451,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44448,6944],{"class":3832},[44,44450,14764],{"class":127},[44,44452,115],{"class":58},[44,44454,394],{"class":111},[44,44456,1476],{"class":58},[44,44458,6359],{"class":54},[44,44460,14764],{"class":127},[44,44462,115],{"class":58},[44,44464,4714],{"class":111},[44,44466,8288],{"class":58},[44,44468,44469,44471,44473,44475,44478,44480],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,44470,8017],{"class":127},[44,44472,115],{"class":58},[44,44474,273],{"class":272},[44,44476,44477],{"class":276},"The values are equal",[44,44479,273],{"class":272},[44,44481,121],{"class":58},[20,44483,44484],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44486,44488],{"className":37,"code":44487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44489,44490,44503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44491,44492,44494,44497,44499,44501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44493,6944],{"class":3832},[44,44495,44496],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44498,4641],{"class":54},[44,44500,2516],{"class":50},[44,44502,6344],{"class":58},[44,44504,44505,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44506,8017],{"class":127},[44,44508,115],{"class":58},[44,44510,273],{"class":272},[44,44512,44477],{"class":276},[44,44514,273],{"class":272},[44,44516,121],{"class":58},[20,44518,144,44519,2837,44521,44523],{},[15,44520,12144],{},[15,44522,43440],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44525,20751],{"id":20750},[20,44527,44528],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[161,44530,44531,44534,44537,44542],{},[164,44532,44533],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[164,44535,44536],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[164,44538,44539,44540],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44541,43440],{},[164,44543,44544,44545],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44546,43440],{},[20,44548,44549],{},"The important rule is:",[161,44551,44552,44557],{},[164,44553,144,44554,44556],{},[15,44555,4641],{}," to check value",[164,44558,144,44559,44561],{},[15,44560,12144],{}," to check identity",[20,44563,44564,44565,44567],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44566,43440],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44569,2788],{"id":2787},[20,44571,44572,44573,159],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44574,43440],{},[161,44576,44577,44584,44587,44590,44595],{},[164,44578,582,44579,1170,44581,44583],{},[15,44580,43440],{},[15,44582,4641],{}," should be used",[164,44585,44586],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[164,44588,44589],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[164,44591,44592,44593],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44594,43440],{},[164,44596,582,44597,44599],{},[15,44598,43440],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44601,44602],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44604,44606],{"className":37,"code":44605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44607,44608,44623,44637,44651,44665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44609,44610,44612,44614,44616,44618,44621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44611,128],{"class":127},[44,44613,115],{"class":58},[44,44615,12600],{"class":127},[44,44617,115],{"class":58},[44,44619,44620],{"class":111},"my_object",[44,44622,637],{"class":58},[44,44624,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44626,128],{"class":127},[44,44628,115],{"class":58},[44,44630,2511],{"class":111},[44,44632,4641],{"class":54},[44,44634,2516],{"class":111},[44,44636,121],{"class":58},[44,44638,44639,44641,44643,44645,44647,44649],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,44640,128],{"class":127},[44,44642,115],{"class":58},[44,44644,2511],{"class":111},[44,44646,12144],{"class":3832},[44,44648,2516],{"class":111},[44,44650,121],{"class":58},[44,44652,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44654,128],{"class":127},[44,44656,115],{"class":58},[44,44658,1459],{"class":1458},[44,44660,115],{"class":58},[44,44662,44620],{"class":111},[44,44664,637],{"class":58},[44,44666,44667,44669,44671,44673],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,44668,1483],{"class":127},[44,44670,115],{"class":58},[44,44672,12600],{"class":127},[44,44674,121],{"class":58},[30,44676,1757],{"id":1756},[420,44678,44680,44681,12666],{"id":44679},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44682,43440],{},[20,44684,44685],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[420,44687,14851,44689,44691],{"id":44688},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44690,43440],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44693,44694],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[420,44696,21371,44698,44700],{"id":44697},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44699,43440],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44702,30222,44703,44705,44706,2837,44708,44710],{},[15,44704,4641],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44707,43440],{},[15,44709,12144],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[420,44712,44714,44715,1778],{"id":44713},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44716,43440],{},[20,44718,44719],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[420,44721,44723,44724,44726],{"id":44722},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44725,43440],{}," values?",[20,44728,44729],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44731,1821],{"id":1820},[161,44733,44734,44739,44744,44749,44757],{},[164,44735,44736],{},[394,44737,44738],{"href":43577},"Python variables explained for beginners",[164,44740,44741],{},[394,44742,44743],{"href":43886},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[164,44745,44746],{},[394,44747,44748],{"href":43890},"Python data types overview",[164,44750,44751],{},[394,44752,3536,44754,3469],{"href":44753},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44755,44756],{},"isinstance()",[164,44758,44759],{},[394,44760,44762],{"href":44761},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1872,44764,44765],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":44767},[44768,44770,44771,44772,44773,44774,44776,44778,44779,44780,44792],{"id":43543,"depth":75,"text":44769},"What id() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":43711,"depth":75,"text":43712},{"id":43894,"depth":75,"text":43895},{"id":44006,"depth":75,"text":44007},{"id":44163,"depth":75,"text":44775},"When id() is useful",{"id":44374,"depth":75,"text":44777},"When not to use id()",{"id":20750,"depth":75,"text":20751},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":44781},[44782,44784,44786,44788,44790],{"id":44679,"depth":95,"text":44783},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44688,"depth":95,"text":44785},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44697,"depth":95,"text":44787},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44713,"depth":95,"text":44789},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44722,"depth":95,"text":44791},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43432,"description":44793},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44800,"title":42145,"body":44801,"description":46441,"extension":1921,"meta":46442,"navigation":98,"path":46443,"seo":46444,"stem":46445,"__hash__":46446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44802,"toc":46407},[44803,44808,44813,44816,44818,44861,44866,44869,44874,44879,44882,44898,44900,44944,44946,44973,44975,44990,44992,44994,44996,45012,45014,45026,45029,45063,45066,45091,45096,45098,45103,45107,45110,45112,45160,45162,45195,45201,45212,45214,45266,45268,45299,45301,45305,45309,45352,45358,45364,45416,45424,45429,45433,45524,45526,45559,45562,45564,45624,45626,45652,45662,45664,45668,45673,45678,45680,45717,45719,45738,45741,45745,45748,45804,45816,45825,45827,45854,45862,45869,45873,45876,45913,45916,45922,45959,45961,45965,45971,45989,45994,46042,46046,46135,46138,46145,46147,46149,46154,46172,46174,46217,46223,46240,46242,46304,46306,46308,46314,46322,46328,46334,46343,46353,46357,46365,46367,46369,46404],[10,44804,3536,44806,3540],{"id":44805},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44807,2917],{},[20,44809,1938,44810,44812],{},[15,44811,2917],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44814,44815],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,44817,33],{"id":32},[35,44819,44821],{"className":37,"code":44820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44822,44823,44842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831,44833,44835,44838,44840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44826,7824],{"class":50},[44,44828,55],{"class":54},[44,44830,8190],{"class":127},[44,44832,115],{"class":58},[44,44834,273],{"class":272},[44,44836,44837],{"class":276},"Enter your name: ",[44,44839,273],{"class":272},[44,44841,121],{"class":58},[44,44843,44844,44846,44848,44850,44853,44855,44857,44859],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44845,128],{"class":127},[44,44847,115],{"class":58},[44,44849,273],{"class":272},[44,44851,44852],{"class":276},"Hello, ",[44,44854,273],{"class":272},[44,44856,2411],{"class":54},[44,44858,35944],{"class":111},[44,44860,121],{"class":58},[20,44862,144,44863,44865],{},[15,44864,2917],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44867,44868],"hr",{},[30,44870,151,44872,154],{"id":44871},"what-input-does",[15,44873,2917],{},[20,44875,44876,44878],{},[15,44877,2917],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44880,44881],{},"Here is what happens:",[161,44883,44884,44889,44892,44895],{},[164,44885,44886,44888],{},[15,44887,2917],{}," waits for the user to type",[164,44890,44891],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[164,44893,44894],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[164,44896,44897],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44899,2164],{},[35,44901,44903],{"className":37,"code":44902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44904,44905,44925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44906,44907,44910,44912,44914,44916,44918,44921,44923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44908,44909],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44911,55],{"class":54},[44,44913,8190],{"class":127},[44,44915,115],{"class":58},[44,44917,273],{"class":272},[44,44919,44920],{"class":276},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44922,273],{"class":272},[44,44924,121],{"class":58},[44,44926,44927,44929,44931,44933,44936,44938,44940,44942],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44928,128],{"class":127},[44,44930,115],{"class":58},[44,44932,273],{"class":272},[44,44934,44935],{"class":276},"Your favorite color is",[44,44937,273],{"class":272},[44,44939,66],{"class":58},[44,44941,35803],{"class":111},[44,44943,121],{"class":58},[20,44945,29981],{},[35,44947,44949],{"className":37,"code":44948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44950,44951,44964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44952,44953,44955,44957,44960,44962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44954,151],{"class":50},[44,44956,12144],{"class":54},[44,44958,44959],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44961,1778],{"class":37317},[44,44963,35833],{"class":50},[44,44965,44966,44969,44971],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,44967,44968],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44970,12144],{"class":54},[44,44972,35833],{"class":50},[20,44974,19907],{},[161,44976,44977,44982,44987],{},[164,44978,44979,44980],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44981,44920],{},[164,44983,44984,44985],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44986,32842],{},[164,44988,44989],{},"That value is then printed",[44867,44991],{},[30,44993,188],{"id":187},[20,44995,7165],{},[35,44997,44999],{"className":37,"code":44998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45000,45001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45002,45003,45005,45007,45010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45004,42414],{"class":127},[44,45006,115],{"class":58},[44,45008,45009],{"class":111},"prompt",[44,45011,121],{"class":58},[20,45013,11408],{},[161,45015,45016,45020,45023],{},[164,45017,1938,45018,19989],{},[15,45019,45009],{},[164,45021,45022],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[164,45024,45025],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45027,45028],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,45030,45032],{"className":37,"code":45031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45033,45034,45053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45035,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044,45046,45049,45051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45037,7909],{"class":50},[44,45039,55],{"class":54},[44,45041,8190],{"class":127},[44,45043,115],{"class":58},[44,45045,273],{"class":272},[44,45047,45048],{"class":276},"Enter your username: ",[44,45050,273],{"class":272},[44,45052,121],{"class":58},[44,45054,45055,45057,45059,45061],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45056,128],{"class":127},[44,45058,115],{"class":58},[44,45060,7933],{"class":111},[44,45062,121],{"class":58},[20,45064,45065],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,45067,45069],{"className":37,"code":45068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45070,45071,45081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45074,2403],{"class":50},[44,45076,55],{"class":54},[44,45078,8190],{"class":127},[44,45080,8590],{"class":58},[44,45082,45083,45085,45087,45089],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45084,128],{"class":127},[44,45086,115],{"class":58},[44,45088,2429],{"class":111},[44,45090,121],{"class":58},[20,45092,7711,45093,45095],{},[15,45094,2917],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44867,45097],{},[30,45099,151,45101,11655],{"id":45100},"what-input-returns",[15,45102,2917],{},[20,45104,45105,8173],{},[15,45106,2917],{},[20,45108,45109],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45111,2164],{},[35,45113,45115],{"className":37,"code":45114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45116,45117,45136,45146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45127,45129,45132,45134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45120,21579],{"class":50},[44,45122,55],{"class":54},[44,45124,8190],{"class":127},[44,45126,115],{"class":58},[44,45128,273],{"class":272},[44,45130,45131],{"class":276},"Enter your age: ",[44,45133,273],{"class":272},[44,45135,121],{"class":58},[44,45137,45138,45140,45142,45144],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45139,128],{"class":127},[44,45141,115],{"class":58},[44,45143,9248],{"class":111},[44,45145,121],{"class":58},[44,45147,45148,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45149,128],{"class":127},[44,45151,115],{"class":58},[44,45153,1459],{"class":1458},[44,45155,115],{"class":58},[44,45157,9248],{"class":111},[44,45159,637],{"class":58},[20,45161,29981],{},[35,45163,45165],{"className":37,"code":45164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45166,45167,45177,45181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45168,45169,45172,45174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45170,45171],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,45173,159],{"class":58},[44,45175,45176],{"class":62}," 25\n",[44,45178,45179],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45180,2666],{"class":62},[44,45182,45183,45185,45187,45189,45191,45193],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45184,3248],{"class":54},[44,45186,3251],{"class":2022},[44,45188,3254],{"class":272},[44,45190,3403],{"class":276},[44,45192,3259],{"class":272},[44,45194,3262],{"class":54},[20,45196,45197,45198,45200],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45199,9142],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45202,45203,45204,2837,45208,108],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[394,45205,45206],{"href":2833},[15,45207,2836],{},[394,45209,45210],{"href":2840},[15,45211,2843],{},[20,45213,2164],{},[35,45215,45217],{"className":37,"code":45216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45218,45219,45242,45252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45220,45221,45223,45225,45228,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45222,21579],{"class":50},[44,45224,55],{"class":54},[44,45226,45227],{"class":1458}," int",[44,45229,115],{"class":58},[44,45231,42414],{"class":127},[44,45233,115],{"class":58},[44,45235,273],{"class":272},[44,45237,45131],{"class":276},[44,45239,273],{"class":272},[44,45241,637],{"class":58},[44,45243,45244,45246,45248,45250],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45245,128],{"class":127},[44,45247,115],{"class":58},[44,45249,9248],{"class":111},[44,45251,121],{"class":58},[44,45253,45254,45256,45258,45260,45262,45264],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45255,128],{"class":127},[44,45257,115],{"class":58},[44,45259,1459],{"class":1458},[44,45261,115],{"class":58},[44,45263,9248],{"class":111},[44,45265,637],{"class":58},[20,45267,29981],{},[35,45269,45271],{"className":37,"code":45270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45272,45273,45281,45285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45274,45275,45277,45279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45276,45171],{"class":50},[44,45278,159],{"class":58},[44,45280,45176],{"class":62},[44,45282,45283],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45284,2666],{"class":62},[44,45286,45287,45289,45291,45293,45295,45297],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45288,3248],{"class":54},[44,45290,3251],{"class":2022},[44,45292,3254],{"class":272},[44,45294,2145],{"class":276},[44,45296,3259],{"class":272},[44,45298,3262],{"class":54},[44867,45300],{},[30,45302,45304],{"id":45303},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[420,45306,45308],{"id":45307},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45310,45312],{"className":37,"code":45311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45313,45314,45333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45315,45316,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45329,45331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45317,7824],{"class":50},[44,45319,55],{"class":54},[44,45321,8190],{"class":127},[44,45323,115],{"class":58},[44,45325,273],{"class":272},[44,45327,45328],{"class":276},"What is your name? ",[44,45330,273],{"class":272},[44,45332,121],{"class":58},[44,45334,45335,45337,45339,45341,45344,45346,45348,45350],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45336,128],{"class":127},[44,45338,115],{"class":58},[44,45340,273],{"class":272},[44,45342,45343],{"class":276},"Hello,",[44,45345,273],{"class":272},[44,45347,66],{"class":58},[44,45349,35944],{"class":111},[44,45351,121],{"class":58},[20,45353,45354,45355,45357],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45356,7616],{}," and prints it.",[420,45359,45361,45362],{"id":45360},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45363,2836],{},[35,45365,45367],{"className":37,"code":45366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45368,45369,45392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45370,45371,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45388,45390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45372,21579],{"class":50},[44,45374,55],{"class":54},[44,45376,45227],{"class":1458},[44,45378,115],{"class":58},[44,45380,42414],{"class":127},[44,45382,115],{"class":58},[44,45384,273],{"class":272},[44,45386,45387],{"class":276},"How old are you? ",[44,45389,273],{"class":272},[44,45391,637],{"class":58},[44,45393,45394,45396,45398,45400,45403,45405,45407,45410,45412,45414],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45395,128],{"class":127},[44,45397,115],{"class":58},[44,45399,273],{"class":272},[44,45401,45402],{"class":276},"Next year you will be",[44,45404,273],{"class":272},[44,45406,66],{"class":58},[44,45408,45409],{"class":111}," age ",[44,45411,2017],{"class":54},[44,45413,5450],{"class":62},[44,45415,121],{"class":58},[20,45417,6012,45418,45420,45421,45423],{},[15,45419,2836],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45422,2917],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45425,45426,45427,108],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[394,45428,8929],{"href":8928},[420,45430,45432],{"id":45431},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45434,45436],{"className":37,"code":45435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45437,45438,45462,45486,45500,45504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45439,45440,45443,45445,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455,45458,45460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45441,45442],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45444,55],{"class":54},[44,45446,45227],{"class":1458},[44,45448,115],{"class":58},[44,45450,42414],{"class":127},[44,45452,115],{"class":58},[44,45454,273],{"class":272},[44,45456,45457],{"class":276},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45459,273],{"class":272},[44,45461,637],{"class":58},[44,45463,45464,45467,45469,45471,45473,45475,45477,45479,45482,45484],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45465,45466],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45468,55],{"class":54},[44,45470,45227],{"class":1458},[44,45472,115],{"class":58},[44,45474,42414],{"class":127},[44,45476,115],{"class":58},[44,45478,273],{"class":272},[44,45480,45481],{"class":276},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45483,273],{"class":272},[44,45485,637],{"class":58},[44,45487,45488,45490,45492,45495,45497],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45489,41134],{"class":50},[44,45491,55],{"class":54},[44,45493,45494],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45496,2017],{"class":54},[44,45498,45499],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45501,45502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45503,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,45505,45506,45508,45510,45512,45515,45517,45519,45522],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,45507,128],{"class":127},[44,45509,115],{"class":58},[44,45511,273],{"class":272},[44,45513,45514],{"class":276},"Total:",[44,45516,273],{"class":272},[44,45518,66],{"class":58},[44,45520,45521],{"class":111}," total",[44,45523,121],{"class":58},[20,45525,29981],{},[35,45527,45529],{"className":37,"code":45528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45530,45531,45541,45550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45532,45533,45536,45538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45534,45535],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45537,159],{"class":58},[44,45539,45540],{"class":62}," 2\n",[44,45542,45543,45546,45548],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45544,45545],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45547,159],{"class":58},[44,45549,2534],{"class":62},[44,45551,45552,45555,45557],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45553,45554],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45556,159],{"class":58},[44,45558,34793],{"class":62},[20,45560,45561],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45563,2164],{},[35,45565,45567],{"className":37,"code":45566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45568,45569,45587,45605,45609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45570,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45572,45442],{"class":50},[44,45574,55],{"class":54},[44,45576,8190],{"class":127},[44,45578,115],{"class":58},[44,45580,273],{"class":272},[44,45582,45457],{"class":276},[44,45584,273],{"class":272},[44,45586,121],{"class":58},[44,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45590,45466],{"class":50},[44,45592,55],{"class":54},[44,45594,8190],{"class":127},[44,45596,115],{"class":58},[44,45598,273],{"class":272},[44,45600,45481],{"class":276},[44,45602,273],{"class":272},[44,45604,121],{"class":58},[44,45606,45607],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45608,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,45610,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45622],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45612,128],{"class":127},[44,45614,115],{"class":58},[44,45616,45442],{"class":111},[44,45618,2017],{"class":54},[44,45620,45621],{"class":111}," num2",[44,45623,121],{"class":58},[20,45625,29981],{},[35,45627,45629],{"className":37,"code":45628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45630,45631,45639,45647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45632,45633,45635,45637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45634,45535],{"class":50},[44,45636,159],{"class":58},[44,45638,45540],{"class":62},[44,45640,45641,45643,45645],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45642,45545],{"class":50},[44,45644,159],{"class":58},[44,45646,2534],{"class":62},[44,45648,45649],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45650,45651],{"class":62},"23\n",[20,45653,45654,45655,45658,45659,108],{},"That happens because ",[15,45656,45657],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45660,45661],{},"\"23\"",[44867,45663],{},[30,45665,45667],{"id":45666},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45669,45670,45671,108],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45672,2917],{},[420,45674,4657,45676,41494],{"id":45675},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45677,2917],{},[20,45679,39150],{},[35,45681,45683],{"className":37,"code":45682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45684,45685,45703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45686,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45688,2403],{"class":50},[44,45690,55],{"class":54},[44,45692,8190],{"class":127},[44,45694,115],{"class":58},[44,45696,273],{"class":272},[44,45698,41823],{"class":276},[44,45700,273],{"class":272},[44,45702,121],{"class":58},[44,45704,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45706,128],{"class":127},[44,45708,115],{"class":58},[44,45710,1459],{"class":1458},[44,45712,115],{"class":58},[44,45714,2429],{"class":111},[44,45716,637],{"class":58},[20,45718,2028],{},[35,45720,45722],{"className":37,"code":45721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45723,45724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45725,45726,45728,45730,45732,45734,45736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45727,3248],{"class":54},[44,45729,3251],{"class":2022},[44,45731,3254],{"class":272},[44,45733,3403],{"class":276},[44,45735,3259],{"class":272},[44,45737,3262],{"class":54},[20,45739,45740],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[420,45742,45744],{"id":45743},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45746,45747],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45749,45751],{"className":37,"code":45750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45752,45753,45771,45790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765,45767,45769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45756,2511],{"class":50},[44,45758,55],{"class":54},[44,45760,8190],{"class":127},[44,45762,115],{"class":58},[44,45764,273],{"class":272},[44,45766,41823],{"class":276},[44,45768,273],{"class":272},[44,45770,121],{"class":58},[44,45772,45773,45775,45777,45779,45781,45783,45786,45788],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45774,2539],{"class":50},[44,45776,55],{"class":54},[44,45778,8190],{"class":127},[44,45780,115],{"class":58},[44,45782,273],{"class":272},[44,45784,45785],{"class":276},"Enter another number: ",[44,45787,273],{"class":272},[44,45789,121],{"class":58},[44,45791,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,45793,128],{"class":127},[44,45795,115],{"class":58},[44,45797,2511],{"class":111},[44,45799,2017],{"class":54},[44,45801,2516],{"class":111},[44,45803,121],{"class":58},[20,45805,41072,45806,398,45808,45810,45811,18913,45814,108],{},[15,45807,2461],{},[15,45809,1410],{},", the result is ",[15,45812,45813],{},"45",[15,45815,2101],{},[420,45817,45819,45820,45822,45823],{"id":45818},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45821,40655],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45824,2836],{},[20,45826,2164],{},[35,45828,45830],{"className":37,"code":45829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45831,45832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45833,45834,45836,45838,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45835,21579],{"class":50},[44,45837,55],{"class":54},[44,45839,45227],{"class":1458},[44,45841,115],{"class":58},[44,45843,42414],{"class":127},[44,45845,115],{"class":58},[44,45847,273],{"class":272},[44,45849,45131],{"class":276},[44,45851,273],{"class":272},[44,45853,637],{"class":58},[20,45855,8219,45856,45859,45860,108],{},[15,45857,45858],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45861,40655],{},[20,45863,45864,45865,108],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[394,45866,45868],{"href":45867},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[420,45870,45872],{"id":45871},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45874,45875],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45877,45879],{"className":37,"code":45878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45880,45881,45899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45882,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45884,7824],{"class":50},[44,45886,55],{"class":54},[44,45888,8190],{"class":127},[44,45890,115],{"class":58},[44,45892,273],{"class":272},[44,45894,44837],{"class":276},[44,45896,273],{"class":272},[44,45898,121],{"class":58},[44,45900,45901,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45902,128],{"class":127},[44,45904,115],{"class":58},[44,45906,41731],{"class":127},[44,45908,115],{"class":58},[44,45910,7616],{"class":111},[44,45912,637],{"class":58},[20,45914,45915],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45917,45918,45919,159],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45920,45921],{},".strip()",[35,45923,45925],{"className":37,"code":45924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45926,45927,45949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45930,7824],{"class":50},[44,45932,55],{"class":54},[44,45934,8190],{"class":127},[44,45936,115],{"class":58},[44,45938,273],{"class":272},[44,45940,44837],{"class":276},[44,45942,273],{"class":272},[44,45944,8578],{"class":58},[44,45946,8581],{"class":111},[44,45948,8590],{"class":58},[44,45950,45951,45953,45955,45957],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,45952,128],{"class":127},[44,45954,115],{"class":58},[44,45956,7616],{"class":111},[44,45958,121],{"class":58},[44867,45960],{},[30,45962,45964],{"id":45963},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45966,45967,45968,45970],{},"These habits make ",[15,45969,2917],{}," easier and safer to use.",[161,45972,45973,45976,45981,45984],{},[164,45974,45975],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[164,45977,144,45978,45980],{},[15,45979,45921],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[164,45982,45983],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[164,45985,144,45986,45988],{},[15,45987,29733],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45990,45991,45992,159],{},"Example with ",[15,45993,45921],{},[35,45995,45997],{"className":37,"code":45996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45998,45999,46023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46000,46001,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46015,46017,46019,46021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46002,46003],{"class":50},"city ",[44,46005,55],{"class":54},[44,46007,8190],{"class":127},[44,46009,115],{"class":58},[44,46011,273],{"class":272},[44,46013,46014],{"class":276},"Enter your city: ",[44,46016,273],{"class":272},[44,46018,8578],{"class":58},[44,46020,8581],{"class":111},[44,46022,8590],{"class":58},[44,46024,46025,46027,46029,46031,46034,46036,46038,46040],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46026,128],{"class":127},[44,46028,115],{"class":58},[44,46030,273],{"class":272},[44,46032,46033],{"class":276},"City:",[44,46035,273],{"class":272},[44,46037,66],{"class":58},[44,46039,31336],{"class":111},[44,46041,121],{"class":58},[20,46043,45991,46044,159],{},[15,46045,29733],{},[35,46047,46049],{"className":37,"code":46048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46050,46051,46057,46080,46112,46120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46052,46053,46055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46054,29755],{"class":3832},[44,46056,6344],{"class":58},[44,46058,46059,46062,46064,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46060,46061],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,46063,55],{"class":54},[44,46065,45227],{"class":1458},[44,46067,115],{"class":58},[44,46069,42414],{"class":127},[44,46071,115],{"class":58},[44,46073,273],{"class":272},[44,46075,45131],{"class":276},[44,46077,273],{"class":272},[44,46079,637],{"class":58},[44,46081,46082,46084,46086,46088,46091,46093,46095,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46108,46110],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46083,8017],{"class":127},[44,46085,115],{"class":58},[44,46087,273],{"class":272},[44,46089,46090],{"class":276},"You will be",[44,46092,273],{"class":272},[44,46094,66],{"class":58},[44,46096,45409],{"class":111},[44,46098,2017],{"class":54},[44,46100,5450],{"class":62},[44,46102,66],{"class":58},[44,46104,284],{"class":272},[44,46106,46107],{"class":276},"next year",[44,46109,273],{"class":272},[44,46111,121],{"class":58},[44,46113,46114,46116,46118],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46115,29786],{"class":3832},[44,46117,41878],{"class":1458},[44,46119,6344],{"class":58},[44,46121,46122,46124,46126,46128,46131,46133],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,46123,8017],{"class":127},[44,46125,115],{"class":58},[44,46127,273],{"class":272},[44,46129,46130],{"class":276},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,46132,273],{"class":272},[44,46134,121],{"class":58},[20,46136,46137],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46139,46140,46141,108],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[394,46142,46144],{"href":46143},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44867,46146],{},[30,46148,2788],{"id":2787},[20,46150,46151,46152,159],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46153,2917],{},[161,46155,46156,46163,46166,46169],{},[164,46157,46158,46159,2837,46161],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46160,2836],{},[15,46162,2843],{},[164,46164,46165],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[164,46167,46168],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[164,46170,46171],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46173,32034],{},[35,46175,46177],{"className":37,"code":46176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46178,46179,46189,46203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46180,46181,46183,46185,46187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46182,128],{"class":127},[44,46184,115],{"class":58},[44,46186,2429],{"class":111},[44,46188,121],{"class":58},[44,46190,46191,46193,46195,46197,46199,46201],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46192,128],{"class":127},[44,46194,115],{"class":58},[44,46196,1459],{"class":1458},[44,46198,115],{"class":58},[44,46200,2429],{"class":111},[44,46202,637],{"class":58},[44,46204,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213,46215],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46206,128],{"class":127},[44,46208,115],{"class":58},[44,46210,41731],{"class":127},[44,46212,115],{"class":58},[44,46214,2429],{"class":111},[44,46216,637],{"class":58},[20,46218,46219,46220,46222],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46221,2917],{}," actually returned:",[161,46224,46225,46230,46235],{},[164,46226,46227,46229],{},[15,46228,41779],{}," shows the value",[164,46231,46232,46234],{},[15,46233,41785],{}," shows the data type",[164,46236,46237,46239],{},[15,46238,41790],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46241,2164],{},[35,46243,46245],{"className":37,"code":46244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46246,46247,46266,46276,46290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46248,46249,46251,46253,46255,46257,46259,46262,46264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46250,2403],{"class":50},[44,46252,55],{"class":54},[44,46254,8190],{"class":127},[44,46256,115],{"class":58},[44,46258,273],{"class":272},[44,46260,46261],{"class":276},"Enter something: ",[44,46263,273],{"class":272},[44,46265,121],{"class":58},[44,46267,46268,46270,46272,46274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46269,128],{"class":127},[44,46271,115],{"class":58},[44,46273,2429],{"class":111},[44,46275,121],{"class":58},[44,46277,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46279,128],{"class":127},[44,46281,115],{"class":58},[44,46283,1459],{"class":1458},[44,46285,115],{"class":58},[44,46287,2429],{"class":111},[44,46289,637],{"class":58},[44,46291,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46293,128],{"class":127},[44,46295,115],{"class":58},[44,46297,41731],{"class":127},[44,46299,115],{"class":58},[44,46301,2429],{"class":111},[44,46303,637],{"class":58},[44867,46305],{},[30,46307,1757],{"id":1756},[420,46309,1761,46311,46313],{"id":46310},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46312,2917],{}," return an integer?",[20,46315,46316,46317,46319,46320,39880],{},"No. ",[15,46318,2917],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46321,2836],{},[420,46323,46325,46326,1778],{"id":46324},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46327,2917],{},[20,46329,46330,46331,46333],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46332,2917],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[420,46335,5112,46337,46340,46341,1778],{"id":46336},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46338,46339],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46342,2917],{},[20,46344,29012,46345,46347,46348,42106,46350,46352],{},[15,46346,2917],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46349,45657],{},[15,46351,45661],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[420,46354,46356],{"id":46355},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46358,144,46359,46361,46362,108],{},[15,46360,45921],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46363,46364],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44867,46366],{},[30,46368,1821],{"id":1820},[161,46370,46371,46376,46380,46386,46392,46396],{},[164,46372,46373],{},[394,46374,46375],{"href":46143},"How to get user input in Python",[164,46377,46378],{},[394,46379,9006],{"href":8928},[164,46381,46382],{},[394,46383,3536,46384,3469],{"href":2833},[15,46385,2836],{},[164,46387,46388],{},[394,46389,3536,46390,3469],{"href":2840},[15,46391,2843],{},[164,46393,46394],{},[394,46395,45868],{"href":45867},[164,46397,46398],{},[394,46399,3536,46401,3469],{"href":46400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46402,46403],{},"print()",[1872,46405,46406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":46408},[46409,46410,46412,46413,46415,46421,46429,46430,46431,46440],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":44871,"depth":75,"text":46411},"What input() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":45100,"depth":75,"text":46414},"What input() returns",{"id":45303,"depth":75,"text":45304,"children":46416},[46417,46418,46420],{"id":45307,"depth":95,"text":45308},{"id":45360,"depth":95,"text":46419},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45431,"depth":95,"text":45432},{"id":45666,"depth":75,"text":45667,"children":46422},[46423,46425,46426,46428],{"id":45675,"depth":95,"text":46424},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45743,"depth":95,"text":45744},{"id":45818,"depth":95,"text":46427},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45871,"depth":95,"text":45872},{"id":45963,"depth":75,"text":45964},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":46432},[46433,46435,46437,46439],{"id":46310,"depth":95,"text":46434},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46324,"depth":95,"text":46436},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46336,"depth":95,"text":46438},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46355,"depth":95,"text":46356},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42145,"description":46441},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46448,"title":42047,"body":46449,"description":48761,"extension":1921,"meta":48762,"navigation":98,"path":48763,"seo":48764,"stem":48765,"__hash__":48766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46450,"toc":48713},[46451,46456,46461,46466,46487,46490,46492,46552,46554,46573,46578,46583,46588,46590,46603,46605,46688,46690,46731,46737,46739,46769,46775,46778,46795,46797,46849,46851,46869,46875,46881,46884,46902,46904,46977,46979,46998,47005,47011,47016,47019,47079,47081,47100,47103,47106,47121,47127,47131,47192,47194,47215,47219,47348,47350,47480,47490,47496,47502,47510,47576,47578,47603,47606,47623,47636,47642,47645,47678,47680,47693,47696,47739,47741,47749,47756,47760,47767,47771,47798,47800,47808,47814,47831,47836,47840,47867,47869,47877,47881,47886,47889,47915,47918,47927,47935,47939,47949,47953,47956,47958,48009,48011,48041,48051,48078,48080,48088,48098,48102,48105,48107,48155,48157,48201,48207,48258,48260,48279,48284,48289,48292,48311,48314,48366,48368,48377,48379,48383,48387,48390,48399,48406,48408,48435,48439,48441,48450,48453,48460,48466,48525,48529,48531,48539,48542,48568,48574,48577,48597,48599,48608,48616,48618,48624,48629,48636,48646,48652,48660,48664,48667,48669,48710],[10,46452,3536,46454,3540],{"id":46453},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46455,2836],{},[20,46457,32268,46458,46460],{},[15,46459,2836],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46462,35357,46463,46465],{},[15,46464,2836],{}," when they want to:",[161,46467,46468,46478,46481,46484],{},[164,46469,46470,46471,46474,46475],{},"turn text like ",[15,46472,46473],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46476,46477],{},"42",[164,46479,46480],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[164,46482,46483],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[164,46485,46486],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46488,46489],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46491,33],{"id":32},[35,46493,46495],{"className":37,"code":46494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46496,46497,46515,46529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46498,46499,46501,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511,46513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46500,128],{"class":127},[44,46502,115],{"class":58},[44,46504,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46506,115],{"class":58},[44,46508,273],{"class":272},[44,46510,46477],{"class":276},[44,46512,273],{"class":272},[44,46514,637],{"class":58},[44,46516,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525,46527],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46518,128],{"class":127},[44,46520,115],{"class":58},[44,46522,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46524,115],{"class":58},[44,46526,41936],{"class":62},[44,46528,637],{"class":58},[44,46530,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539,46541,46544,46546,46548,46550],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46532,128],{"class":127},[44,46534,115],{"class":58},[44,46536,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46538,115],{"class":58},[44,46540,273],{"class":272},[44,46542,46543],{"class":276},"101",[44,46545,273],{"class":272},[44,46547,66],{"class":58},[44,46549,69],{"class":62},[44,46551,637],{"class":58},[20,46553,2028],{},[35,46555,46557],{"className":37,"code":46556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46558,46559,46564,46569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46560,46561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46562,46563],{"class":62},"42\n",[44,46565,46566],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46567,46568],{"class":62},"3\n",[44,46570,46571],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46572,2906],{"class":62},[20,46574,144,46575,46577],{},[15,46576,2836],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46579,151,46581,154],{"id":46580},"what-int-does",[15,46582,2836],{},[20,46584,46585,46587],{},[15,46586,2836],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46589,13002],{},[161,46591,46592,46597,46600],{},[164,46593,46594,46595,7287],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46596,2145],{},[164,46598,46599],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[164,46601,46602],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46604,2164],{},[35,46606,46608],{"className":37,"code":46607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46609,46610,46622,46636,46640,46650,46660,46674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46611,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46613,34638],{"class":50},[44,46615,55],{"class":54},[44,46617,284],{"class":272},[44,46619,9142],{"class":276},[44,46621,3318],{"class":272},[44,46623,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46625,2174],{"class":50},[44,46627,55],{"class":54},[44,46629,45227],{"class":1458},[44,46631,115],{"class":58},[44,46633,34659],{"class":111},[44,46635,121],{"class":58},[44,46637,46638],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46639,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,46641,46642,46644,46646,46648],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46643,128],{"class":127},[44,46645,115],{"class":58},[44,46647,34659],{"class":111},[44,46649,121],{"class":58},[44,46651,46652,46654,46656,46658],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,46653,128],{"class":127},[44,46655,115],{"class":58},[44,46657,2196],{"class":111},[44,46659,121],{"class":58},[44,46661,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670,46672],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,46663,128],{"class":127},[44,46665,115],{"class":58},[44,46667,1459],{"class":1458},[44,46669,115],{"class":58},[44,46671,34659],{"class":111},[44,46673,637],{"class":58},[44,46675,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684,46686],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,46677,128],{"class":127},[44,46679,115],{"class":58},[44,46681,1459],{"class":1458},[44,46683,115],{"class":58},[44,46685,2196],{"class":111},[44,46687,637],{"class":58},[20,46689,2028],{},[35,46691,46693],{"className":37,"code":46692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46694,46695,46699,46703,46717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46696,46697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46698,2666],{"class":62},[44,46700,46701],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46702,2666],{"class":62},[44,46704,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46715],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46706,3248],{"class":54},[44,46708,3251],{"class":2022},[44,46710,3254],{"class":272},[44,46712,3403],{"class":276},[44,46714,3259],{"class":272},[44,46716,3262],{"class":54},[44,46718,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727,46729],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46720,3248],{"class":54},[44,46722,3251],{"class":2022},[44,46724,3254],{"class":272},[44,46726,2145],{"class":276},[44,46728,3259],{"class":272},[44,46730,3262],{"class":54},[20,46732,46733,46734,46736],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46735,2836],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46738,188],{"id":187},[35,46740,46742],{"className":37,"code":46741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46743,46744,46754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46745,46746,46748,46750,46752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46747,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46749,115],{"class":58},[44,46751,2130],{"class":111},[44,46753,121],{"class":58},[44,46755,46756,46758,46760,46762,46764,46767],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46757,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46759,115],{"class":58},[44,46761,2130],{"class":111},[44,46763,66],{"class":58},[44,46765,46766],{"class":111}," base",[44,46768,121],{"class":58},[420,46770,46772],{"id":46771},"intx",[15,46773,46774],{},"int(x)",[20,46776,46777],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[161,46779,46780,46785,46790],{},[164,46781,46782,46783],{},"a string such as ",[15,46784,42077],{},[164,46786,46787,46788],{},"a float such as ",[15,46789,41936],{},[164,46791,46792,46793],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46794,3565],{},[20,46796,2164],{},[35,46798,46800],{"className":37,"code":46799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46801,46802,46820,46835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46816,46818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46805,128],{"class":127},[44,46807,115],{"class":58},[44,46809,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46811,115],{"class":58},[44,46813,273],{"class":272},[44,46815,2287],{"class":276},[44,46817,273],{"class":272},[44,46819,637],{"class":58},[44,46821,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46833],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46823,128],{"class":127},[44,46825,115],{"class":58},[44,46827,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46829,115],{"class":58},[44,46831,46832],{"class":62},"8.7",[44,46834,637],{"class":58},[44,46836,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46838,128],{"class":127},[44,46840,115],{"class":58},[44,46842,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46844,115],{"class":58},[44,46846,3565],{"class":1582},[44,46848,637],{"class":58},[20,46850,2028],{},[35,46852,46854],{"className":37,"code":46853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46855,46856,46860,46864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46857,46858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46859,2333],{"class":62},[44,46861,46862],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46863,2338],{"class":62},[44,46865,46866],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46867,46868],{"class":62},"1\n",[420,46870,46872],{"id":46871},"intx-base",[15,46873,46874],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46876,46877,46878,46880],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46879,2130],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46882,46883],{},"Common bases:",[161,46885,46886,46891,46896],{},[164,46887,46888,46890],{},[15,46889,801],{}," for binary",[164,46892,46893,46895],{},[15,46894,2302],{}," for octal",[164,46897,46898,46901],{},[15,46899,46900],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46903,2164],{},[35,46905,46907],{"className":37,"code":46906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46908,46909,46931,46954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46912,128],{"class":127},[44,46914,115],{"class":58},[44,46916,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46918,115],{"class":58},[44,46920,273],{"class":272},[44,46922,46543],{"class":276},[44,46924,273],{"class":272},[44,46926,66],{"class":58},[44,46928,69],{"class":62},[44,46930,637],{"class":58},[44,46932,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46946,46948,46950,46952],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46934,128],{"class":127},[44,46936,115],{"class":58},[44,46938,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46940,115],{"class":58},[44,46942,273],{"class":272},[44,46944,46945],{"class":276},"17",[44,46947,273],{"class":272},[44,46949,66],{"class":58},[44,46951,6310],{"class":62},[44,46953,637],{"class":58},[44,46955,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964,46966,46969,46971,46973,46975],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46957,128],{"class":127},[44,46959,115],{"class":58},[44,46961,2145],{"class":1458},[44,46963,115],{"class":58},[44,46965,273],{"class":272},[44,46967,46968],{"class":276},"1A",[44,46970,273],{"class":272},[44,46972,66],{"class":58},[44,46974,13936],{"class":62},[44,46976,637],{"class":58},[20,46978,2028],{},[35,46980,46982],{"className":37,"code":46981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46983,46984,46988,46993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46985,46986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46987,2906],{"class":62},[44,46989,46990],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,46991,46992],{"class":62},"15\n",[44,46994,46995],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,46996,46997],{"class":62},"26\n",[20,46999,47000,47001,108],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[394,47002,47003,2259],{"href":2840},[15,47004,2843],{},[30,47006,582,47008,47010],{"id":47007},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47009,2836],{}," with strings",[20,47012,47013,47015],{},[15,47014,2836],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47017,47018],{},"Examples that work:",[35,47020,47022],{"className":37,"code":47021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47023,47024,47042,47060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47025,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47027,128],{"class":127},[44,47029,115],{"class":58},[44,47031,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47033,115],{"class":58},[44,47035,273],{"class":272},[44,47037,1410],{"class":276},[44,47039,273],{"class":272},[44,47041,637],{"class":58},[44,47043,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47045,128],{"class":127},[44,47047,115],{"class":58},[44,47049,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47051,115],{"class":58},[44,47053,273],{"class":272},[44,47055,2248],{"class":276},[44,47057,273],{"class":272},[44,47059,637],{"class":58},[44,47061,47062,47064,47066,47068,47070,47072,47075,47077],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47063,128],{"class":127},[44,47065,115],{"class":58},[44,47067,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47069,115],{"class":58},[44,47071,273],{"class":272},[44,47073,47074],{"class":276},"  42  ",[44,47076,273],{"class":272},[44,47078,637],{"class":58},[20,47080,2028],{},[35,47082,47084],{"className":37,"code":47083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47085,47086,47090,47096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47087,47088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47089,2906],{"class":62},[44,47091,47092,47094],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47093,1980],{"class":54},[44,47095,2182],{"class":62},[44,47097,47098],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47099,46563],{"class":62},[20,47101,47102],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47104,47105],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,47107,47109],{"className":37,"code":47108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47110,47111,47116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47112,47113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47114,47115],{"class":140},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,47117,47118],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47119,47120],{"class":140},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47122,47123,47124,47126],{},"These raise ",[15,47125,40655],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[420,47128,47130],{"id":47129},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,47132,47134],{"className":37,"code":47133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47135,47136,47154,47173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47137,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47139,128],{"class":127},[44,47141,115],{"class":58},[44,47143,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47145,115],{"class":58},[44,47147,273],{"class":272},[44,47149,746],{"class":276},[44,47151,273],{"class":272},[44,47153,637],{"class":58},[44,47155,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47169,47171],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47157,128],{"class":127},[44,47159,115],{"class":58},[44,47161,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47163,115],{"class":58},[44,47165,273],{"class":272},[44,47167,47168],{"class":276},"+7",[44,47170,273],{"class":272},[44,47172,637],{"class":58},[44,47174,47175,47177,47179,47181,47183,47185,47188,47190],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47176,128],{"class":127},[44,47178,115],{"class":58},[44,47180,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47182,115],{"class":58},[44,47184,273],{"class":272},[44,47186,47187],{"class":276},"-100",[44,47189,273],{"class":272},[44,47191,637],{"class":58},[20,47193,2028],{},[35,47195,47197],{"className":37,"code":47196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47198,47199,47204,47208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47200,47201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47202,47203],{"class":62},"0\n",[44,47205,47206],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47207,2038],{"class":62},[44,47209,47210,47212],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47211,1980],{"class":54},[44,47213,47214],{"class":62},"100\n",[420,47216,47218],{"id":47217},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,47220,47222],{"className":37,"code":47221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47223,47224,47262,47266,47278,47285,47300,47315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47225,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47245,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47258,47260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47227,604],{"class":50},[44,47229,55],{"class":54},[44,47231,59],{"class":58},[44,47233,273],{"class":272},[44,47235,40094],{"class":276},[44,47237,273],{"class":272},[44,47239,66],{"class":58},[44,47241,284],{"class":272},[44,47243,47244],{"class":276},"12abc",[44,47246,273],{"class":272},[44,47248,66],{"class":58},[44,47250,6078],{"class":272},[44,47252,66],{"class":58},[44,47254,284],{"class":272},[44,47256,47257],{"class":276},"seven",[44,47259,273],{"class":272},[44,47261,72],{"class":58},[44,47263,47264],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47265,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,47267,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47269,5909],{"class":3832},[44,47271,21535],{"class":50},[44,47273,3839],{"class":3832},[44,47275,3842],{"class":50},[44,47277,6344],{"class":58},[44,47279,47280,47283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47281,47282],{"class":3832},"    try",[44,47284,6344],{"class":58},[44,47286,47287,47290,47292,47294,47296,47298],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,47288,47289],{"class":127},"        print",[44,47291,115],{"class":58},[44,47293,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47295,115],{"class":58},[44,47297,2429],{"class":111},[44,47299,637],{"class":58},[44,47301,47302,47305,47307,47310,47313],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,47303,47304],{"class":3832},"    except",[44,47306,41878],{"class":1458},[44,47308,47309],{"class":3832}," as",[44,47311,47312],{"class":50}," error",[44,47314,6344],{"class":58},[44,47316,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329,47332,47334,47337,47339,47342,47344,47346],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,47318,47289],{"class":127},[44,47320,115],{"class":58},[44,47322,22245],{"class":2022},[44,47324,273],{"class":276},[44,47326,9227],{"class":62},[44,47328,2429],{"class":111},[44,47330,47331],{"class":2022},"!r",[44,47333,22254],{"class":62},[44,47335,47336],{"class":276}," -> ",[44,47338,9227],{"class":62},[44,47340,47341],{"class":111},"error",[44,47343,22254],{"class":62},[44,47345,273],{"class":276},[44,47347,121],{"class":58},[20,47349,2028],{},[35,47351,47353],{"className":37,"code":47352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47354,47355,47391,47423,47448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47356,47357,47359,47361,47363,47366,47369,47371,47373,47375,47378,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47358,3259],{"class":43280},[44,47360,40094],{"class":43284},[44,47362,3259],{"class":43280},[44,47364,47365],{"class":37317}," ->",[44,47367,47368],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47370,5909],{"class":3832},[44,47372,45227],{"class":1458},[44,47374,7313],{"class":58},[44,47376,47377],{"class":3832}," with",[44,47379,47380],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47382,2287],{"class":62},[44,47384,159],{"class":58},[44,47386,3254],{"class":272},[44,47388,40094],{"class":276},[44,47390,29651],{"class":272},[44,47392,47393,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47394,3259],{"class":272},[44,47396,47244],{"class":276},[44,47398,3259],{"class":272},[44,47400,47365],{"class":37317},[44,47402,47368],{"class":50},[44,47404,5909],{"class":3832},[44,47406,45227],{"class":1458},[44,47408,7313],{"class":58},[44,47410,47377],{"class":3832},[44,47412,47380],{"class":50},[44,47414,2287],{"class":62},[44,47416,159],{"class":58},[44,47418,3254],{"class":272},[44,47420,47244],{"class":276},[44,47422,29651],{"class":272},[44,47424,47425,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47426,3731],{"class":272},[44,47428,47365],{"class":37317},[44,47430,47368],{"class":50},[44,47432,5909],{"class":3832},[44,47434,45227],{"class":1458},[44,47436,7313],{"class":58},[44,47438,47377],{"class":3832},[44,47440,47380],{"class":50},[44,47442,2287],{"class":62},[44,47444,159],{"class":58},[44,47446,47447],{"class":272}," ''\n",[44,47449,47450,47452,47454,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47451,3259],{"class":272},[44,47453,47257],{"class":276},[44,47455,3259],{"class":272},[44,47457,47365],{"class":37317},[44,47459,47368],{"class":50},[44,47461,5909],{"class":3832},[44,47463,45227],{"class":1458},[44,47465,7313],{"class":58},[44,47467,47377],{"class":3832},[44,47469,47380],{"class":50},[44,47471,2287],{"class":62},[44,47473,159],{"class":58},[44,47475,3254],{"class":272},[44,47477,47257],{"class":276},[44,47479,29651],{"class":272},[20,47481,47482,47483,47485,47486,108],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[394,47484,8929],{"href":8928}," and the ",[394,47487,47488,2259],{"href":8167},[15,47489,2917],{},[30,47491,582,47493,47495],{"id":47492},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47494,2836],{}," with floats",[20,47497,47498,47499,47501],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47500,2836],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47503,47504,47505,14002,47507,47509],{},"Important: ",[15,47506,2836],{},[214,47508,4583],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47511,47513],{"className":37,"code":47512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47514,47515,47529,47544,47560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47516,47517,47519,47521,47523,47525,47527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47518,128],{"class":127},[44,47520,115],{"class":58},[44,47522,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47524,115],{"class":58},[44,47526,41936],{"class":62},[44,47528,637],{"class":58},[44,47530,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47532,128],{"class":127},[44,47534,115],{"class":58},[44,47536,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47538,115],{"class":58},[44,47540,47541],{"class":62},"3.1",[44,47543,637],{"class":58},[44,47545,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47547,128],{"class":127},[44,47549,115],{"class":58},[44,47551,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47553,115],{"class":58},[44,47555,1980],{"class":54},[44,47557,41936],{"class":62},[44,47559,637],{"class":58},[44,47561,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47563,128],{"class":127},[44,47565,115],{"class":58},[44,47567,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47569,115],{"class":58},[44,47571,1980],{"class":54},[44,47573,47541],{"class":62},[44,47575,637],{"class":58},[20,47577,2028],{},[35,47579,47581],{"className":37,"code":47580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47582,47583,47587,47591,47597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47584,47585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47586,46568],{"class":62},[44,47588,47589],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47590,46568],{"class":62},[44,47592,47593,47595],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47594,1980],{"class":54},[44,47596,46568],{"class":62},[44,47598,47599,47601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47600,1980],{"class":54},[44,47602,46568],{"class":62},[20,47604,47605],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[161,47607,47608,47615],{},[164,47609,47610,42106,47613],{},[15,47611,47612],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47614,85],{},[164,47616,47617,42106,47620],{},[15,47618,47619],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47621,47622],{},"-3",[20,47624,47625,47626,47630,47631,108],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[394,47627,47628],{"href":2840},[15,47629,2843],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[394,47632,47633],{"href":42126},[15,47634,47635],{},"str()",[30,47637,582,47639,47641],{"id":47638},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47640,2836],{}," with booleans",[20,47643,47644],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47646,47648],{"className":37,"code":47647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47649,47650,47664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47651,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47653,128],{"class":127},[44,47655,115],{"class":58},[44,47657,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47659,115],{"class":58},[44,47661,3565],{"class":1582},[44,47663,637],{"class":58},[44,47665,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47667,128],{"class":127},[44,47669,115],{"class":58},[44,47671,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47673,115],{"class":58},[44,47675,3633],{"class":1582},[44,47677,637],{"class":58},[20,47679,2028],{},[35,47681,47683],{"className":37,"code":47682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47684,47685,47689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47686,47687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47688,46868],{"class":62},[44,47690,47691],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47692,47203],{"class":62},[20,47694,47695],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47697,47699],{"className":37,"code":47698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47700,47701,47710,47725,47729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47702,47703,47706,47708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47704,47705],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47707,55],{"class":54},[44,47709,6373],{"class":1582},[44,47711,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47713,41134],{"class":50},[44,47715,55],{"class":54},[44,47717,45227],{"class":1458},[44,47719,115],{"class":58},[44,47721,47722],{"class":111},"passed",[44,47724,121],{"class":58},[44,47726,47727],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47728,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,47730,47731,47733,47735,47737],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47732,128],{"class":127},[44,47734,115],{"class":58},[44,47736,41163],{"class":111},[44,47738,121],{"class":58},[20,47740,2028],{},[35,47742,47743],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47744,47745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47746,47747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47748,46868],{"class":62},[20,47750,47751,47752,108],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[394,47753,47754,2259],{"href":5731},[15,47755,3770],{},[30,47757,47759],{"id":47758},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47761,47762,47763,47766],{},"Use the ",[15,47764,47765],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[420,47768,47770],{"id":47769},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47772,47774],{"className":37,"code":47773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47775,47776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47777,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47779,128],{"class":127},[44,47781,115],{"class":58},[44,47783,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47785,115],{"class":58},[44,47787,273],{"class":272},[44,47789,46543],{"class":276},[44,47791,273],{"class":272},[44,47793,66],{"class":58},[44,47795,69],{"class":62},[44,47797,637],{"class":58},[20,47799,2028],{},[35,47801,47802],{"className":37,"code":2906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47803,47804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47805,47806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47807,2906],{"class":62},[20,47809,47810,47813],{},[15,47811,47812],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[161,47815,47816,47821,47826],{},[164,47817,47818],{},[15,47819,47820],{},"1 × 4",[164,47822,47823],{},[15,47824,47825],{},"0 × 2",[164,47827,47828],{},[15,47829,47830],{},"1 × 1",[20,47832,47833,47834,108],{},"So the result is ",[15,47835,1410],{},[420,47837,47839],{"id":47838},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47841,47843],{"className":37,"code":47842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47844,47845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47846,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47863,47865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47848,128],{"class":127},[44,47850,115],{"class":58},[44,47852,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47854,115],{"class":58},[44,47856,273],{"class":272},[44,47858,46968],{"class":276},[44,47860,273],{"class":272},[44,47862,66],{"class":58},[44,47864,13936],{"class":62},[44,47866,637],{"class":58},[20,47868,2028],{},[35,47870,47871],{"className":37,"code":46997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47872,47873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47874,47875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47876,46997],{"class":62},[420,47878,47880],{"id":47879},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47882,1938,47883,47885],{},[15,47884,47765],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47887,47888],{},"Good:",[35,47890,47891],{"className":37,"code":47773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47892,47893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47894,47895,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47896,128],{"class":127},[44,47898,115],{"class":58},[44,47900,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47902,115],{"class":58},[44,47904,273],{"class":272},[44,47906,46543],{"class":276},[44,47908,273],{"class":272},[44,47910,66],{"class":58},[44,47912,69],{"class":62},[44,47914,637],{"class":58},[20,47916,47917],{},"Not correct:",[35,47919,47921],{"className":37,"code":47920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47922,47923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47924,47925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47926,47920],{"class":140},[20,47928,47929,47930,8548,47932,47934],{},"That causes a ",[15,47931,1424],{},[15,47933,47765],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47936,47938],{"id":47937},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47940,47941,47942,47944,47945,398,47947,108],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47943,2836],{}," are ",[15,47946,40655],{},[15,47948,1424],{},[420,47950,47951],{"id":41465},[15,47952,40655],{},[20,47954,47955],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47957,2164],{},[35,47959,47961],{"className":37,"code":47960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47962,47963,47969,47987,47999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47964,47965,47967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47966,29755],{"class":3832},[44,47968,6344],{"class":58},[44,47970,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,47972,8017],{"class":127},[44,47974,115],{"class":58},[44,47976,2145],{"class":1458},[44,47978,115],{"class":58},[44,47980,273],{"class":272},[44,47982,40094],{"class":276},[44,47984,273],{"class":272},[44,47986,637],{"class":58},[44,47988,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,47990,29786],{"class":3832},[44,47992,41878],{"class":1458},[44,47994,47309],{"class":3832},[44,47996,47312],{"class":50},[44,47998,6344],{"class":58},[44,48000,48001,48003,48005,48007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48002,8017],{"class":127},[44,48004,115],{"class":58},[44,48006,47341],{"class":111},[44,48008,121],{"class":58},[20,48010,2028],{},[35,48012,48014],{"className":37,"code":48013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48015,48016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48017,48018,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035,48037,48039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48019,48020],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,48022,5909],{"class":3832},[44,48024,45227],{"class":1458},[44,48026,7313],{"class":58},[44,48028,47377],{"class":3832},[44,48030,47380],{"class":50},[44,48032,2287],{"class":62},[44,48034,159],{"class":58},[44,48036,3254],{"class":272},[44,48038,40094],{"class":276},[44,48040,29651],{"class":272},[20,48042,48043,48044,48047,48048,48050],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48045,48046],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48049,2836],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,48052,48054],{"className":37,"code":48053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48055,48056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48057,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48059,128],{"class":127},[44,48061,115],{"class":58},[44,48063,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48065,115],{"class":58},[44,48067,2148],{"class":1458},[44,48069,115],{"class":58},[44,48071,273],{"class":272},[44,48073,40094],{"class":276},[44,48075,273],{"class":272},[44,48077,2871],{"class":58},[20,48079,2028],{},[35,48081,48082],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48083,48084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48085,48086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48087,46568],{"class":62},[20,48089,48090,48091,398,48094,108],{},"If you see this often, read ",[394,48092,48093],{"href":2921},"how to convert string to int in Python",[394,48095,25630,48096],{"href":45867},[15,48097,45868],{},[420,48099,48100],{"id":41531},[15,48101,1424],{},[20,48103,48104],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48106,2164],{},[35,48108,48110],{"className":37,"code":48109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48111,48112,48118,48132,48145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48113,48114,48116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48115,29755],{"class":3832},[44,48117,6344],{"class":58},[44,48119,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,48121,8017],{"class":127},[44,48123,115],{"class":58},[44,48125,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48127,115],{"class":58},[44,48129,178],{"class":1582},[44,48131,637],{"class":58},[44,48133,48134,48136,48139,48141,48143],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,48135,29786],{"class":3832},[44,48137,48138],{"class":1458}," TypeError",[44,48140,47309],{"class":3832},[44,48142,47312],{"class":50},[44,48144,6344],{"class":58},[44,48146,48147,48149,48151,48153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48148,8017],{"class":127},[44,48150,115],{"class":58},[44,48152,47341],{"class":111},[44,48154,121],{"class":58},[20,48156,2028],{},[35,48158,48160],{"className":37,"code":48159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48161,48162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48163,48164,48166,48168,48171,48173,48175,48178,48180,48183,48185,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48165,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48167,7313],{"class":58},[44,48169,48170],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,48172,66],{"class":58},[44,48174,44496],{"class":50},[44,48176,48177],{"class":1458},"bytes",[44,48179,1980],{"class":54},[44,48181,48182],{"class":50},"like ",[44,48184,42350],{"class":1458},[44,48186,48187],{"class":54}," or",[44,48189,40791],{"class":50},[44,48191,66],{"class":58},[44,48193,8047],{"class":54},[44,48195,3254],{"class":272},[44,48197,48198],{"class":276},"NoneType",[44,48200,29651],{"class":272},[20,48202,48203,48204,48206],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48205,47765],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,48208,48210],{"className":37,"code":48209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48211,48212,48218,48236,48248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48213,48214,48216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48215,29755],{"class":3832},[44,48217,6344],{"class":58},[44,48219,48220,48222,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232,48234],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,48221,8017],{"class":127},[44,48223,115],{"class":58},[44,48225,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48227,115],{"class":58},[44,48229,46543],{"class":62},[44,48231,66],{"class":58},[44,48233,69],{"class":62},[44,48235,637],{"class":58},[44,48237,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,48239,29786],{"class":3832},[44,48241,48138],{"class":1458},[44,48243,47309],{"class":3832},[44,48245,47312],{"class":50},[44,48247,6344],{"class":58},[44,48249,48250,48252,48254,48256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48251,8017],{"class":127},[44,48253,115],{"class":58},[44,48255,47341],{"class":111},[44,48257,121],{"class":58},[20,48259,2028],{},[35,48261,48263],{"className":37,"code":48262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48264,48265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48266,48267,48269,48271,48274,48276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48268,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48270,7313],{"class":58},[44,48272,48273],{"class":50}," can",[44,48275,3259],{"class":272},[44,48277,48278],{"class":276},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48280,1638,48282],{"id":48281},"when-to-use-int",[15,48283,2836],{},[20,48285,144,48286,48288],{},[15,48287,2836],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48290,48291],{},"Common uses:",[161,48293,48294,48300,48303,48306],{},[164,48295,48296,48297,48299],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48298,2917],{}," into integers",[164,48301,48302],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[164,48304,48305],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[164,48307,48308,48309,36565],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48310,47765],{},[20,48312,48313],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48315,48317],{"className":37,"code":48316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48318,48319,48333,48348,48352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48320,48321,48324,48326,48328,48331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48322,48323],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48325,55],{"class":54},[44,48327,284],{"class":272},[44,48329,48330],{"class":276},"18",[44,48332,3318],{"class":272},[44,48334,48335,48337,48339,48341,48343,48346],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,48336,21579],{"class":50},[44,48338,55],{"class":54},[44,48340,45227],{"class":1458},[44,48342,115],{"class":58},[44,48344,48345],{"class":111},"age_text",[44,48347,121],{"class":58},[44,48349,48350],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,48351,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,48353,48354,48356,48358,48360,48362,48364],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48355,128],{"class":127},[44,48357,115],{"class":58},[44,48359,21579],{"class":111},[44,48361,2017],{"class":54},[44,48363,5450],{"class":62},[44,48365,121],{"class":58},[20,48367,2028],{},[35,48369,48371],{"className":37,"code":48370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48372,48373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48374,48375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48376,48370],{"class":62},[30,48378,2788],{"id":2787},[20,48380,1086,48381,108],{},[15,48382,2836],{},[420,48384,48386],{"id":48385},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48388,48389],{},"This fails:",[35,48391,48393],{"className":37,"code":48392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48394,48395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48396,48397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48398,48392],{"class":140},[20,48400,48401,48402,48405],{},"Why: ",[15,48403,48404],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48407,18790],{},[35,48409,48411],{"className":37,"code":48410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48412,48413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48414,48415,48417,48419,48421,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431,48433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48416,128],{"class":127},[44,48418,115],{"class":58},[44,48420,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48422,115],{"class":58},[44,48424,2148],{"class":1458},[44,48426,115],{"class":58},[44,48428,273],{"class":272},[44,48430,41075],{"class":276},[44,48432,273],{"class":272},[44,48434,2871],{"class":58},[420,48436,48438],{"id":48437},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48440,48389],{},[35,48442,48444],{"className":37,"code":48443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48445,48446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48447,48448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48449,48443],{"class":140},[20,48451,48452],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[420,48454,48456,48457],{"id":48455},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48458,48459],{},"int(None)",[20,48461,48462,48463,48465],{},"This fails because ",[15,48464,178],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48467,48469],{"className":37,"code":48468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48470,48471,48479,48483,48489,48503,48515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48472,48473,48475,48477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48474,2403],{"class":50},[44,48476,55],{"class":54},[44,48478,1583],{"class":1582},[44,48480,48481],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,48482,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,48484,48485,48487],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,48486,29755],{"class":3832},[44,48488,6344],{"class":58},[44,48490,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48492,8017],{"class":127},[44,48494,115],{"class":58},[44,48496,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48498,115],{"class":58},[44,48500,2429],{"class":111},[44,48502,637],{"class":58},[44,48504,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,48506,29786],{"class":3832},[44,48508,48138],{"class":1458},[44,48510,47309],{"class":3832},[44,48512,47312],{"class":50},[44,48514,6344],{"class":58},[44,48516,48517,48519,48521,48523],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,48518,8017],{"class":127},[44,48520,115],{"class":58},[44,48522,47341],{"class":111},[44,48524,121],{"class":58},[420,48526,48528],{"id":48527},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48530,48389],{},[35,48532,48533],{"className":37,"code":47920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48534,48535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48536,48537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48538,47920],{"class":140},[20,48540,48541],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48543,48544],{"className":37,"code":47773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48545,48546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48547,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48549,128],{"class":127},[44,48551,115],{"class":58},[44,48553,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48555,115],{"class":58},[44,48557,273],{"class":272},[44,48559,46543],{"class":276},[44,48561,273],{"class":272},[44,48563,66],{"class":58},[44,48565,69],{"class":62},[44,48567,637],{"class":58},[420,48569,8399,48571,48573],{"id":48570},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48572,2836],{}," to round",[20,48575,48576],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48578,48580],{"className":37,"code":48579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48581,48582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48583,48584,48586,48588,48590,48592,48595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48585,128],{"class":127},[44,48587,115],{"class":58},[44,48589,2145],{"class":1458},[44,48591,115],{"class":58},[44,48593,48594],{"class":62},"4.9",[44,48596,637],{"class":58},[20,48598,2028],{},[35,48600,48602],{"className":37,"code":48601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48603,48604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48605,48606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48607,48601],{"class":62},[20,48609,3127,48610,48612,48613,48615],{},[15,48611,1410],{},", remember that ",[15,48614,2836],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48617,1757],{"id":1756},[420,48619,1761,48621,48623],{"id":48620},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48622,2836],{}," round numbers?",[20,48625,46316,48626,48628],{},[15,48627,2836],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[420,48630,5112,48632,48635],{"id":48631},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48633,48634],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48637,29012,48638,48640,48641,48643,48644,39880],{},[15,48639,48046],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48642,2843],{}," first, then use ",[15,48645,2836],{},[420,48647,5096,48649,12666],{"id":48648},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48650,48651],{},"int(True)",[20,48653,5102,48654,28265,48656,42106,48658,108],{},[15,48655,63],{},[15,48657,3633],{},[15,48659,746],{},[420,48661,48663],{"id":48662},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48665,48666],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48668,1821],{"id":1820},[161,48670,48671,48677,48683,48689,48694,48698,48704],{},[164,48672,48673],{},[394,48674,48675,3469],{"href":2840},[15,48676,2843],{},[164,48678,48679],{},[394,48680,48681,3469],{"href":42126},[15,48682,47635],{},[164,48684,48685],{},[394,48686,48687,3469],{"href":5731},[15,48688,3770],{},[164,48690,48691],{},[394,48692,48693],{"href":2921},"How to convert string to int in Python",[164,48695,48696],{},[394,48697,9006],{"href":8928},[164,48699,48700],{},[394,48701,48702,3469],{"href":8167},[15,48703,2917],{},[164,48705,48706],{},[394,48707,30299,48708],{"href":45867},[15,48709,45868],{},[1872,48711,48712],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":48714},[48715,48716,48718,48722,48727,48729,48731,48736,48740,48742,48751,48760],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":46580,"depth":75,"text":48717},"What int() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":48719},[48720,48721],{"id":46771,"depth":95,"text":46774},{"id":46871,"depth":95,"text":46874},{"id":47007,"depth":75,"text":48723,"children":48724},"Using int() with strings",[48725,48726],{"id":47129,"depth":95,"text":47130},{"id":47217,"depth":95,"text":47218},{"id":47492,"depth":75,"text":48728},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47638,"depth":75,"text":48730},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47758,"depth":75,"text":47759,"children":48732},[48733,48734,48735],{"id":47769,"depth":95,"text":47770},{"id":47838,"depth":95,"text":47839},{"id":47879,"depth":95,"text":47880},{"id":47937,"depth":75,"text":47938,"children":48737},[48738,48739],{"id":41465,"depth":95,"text":40655},{"id":41531,"depth":95,"text":1424},{"id":48281,"depth":75,"text":48741},"When to use int()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":48743},[48744,48745,48746,48748,48749],{"id":48385,"depth":95,"text":48386},{"id":48437,"depth":95,"text":48438},{"id":48455,"depth":95,"text":48747},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48527,"depth":95,"text":48528},{"id":48570,"depth":95,"text":48750},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":48752},[48753,48755,48757,48759],{"id":48620,"depth":95,"text":48754},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48631,"depth":95,"text":48756},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48648,"depth":95,"text":48758},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48662,"depth":95,"text":48663},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42047,"description":48761},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48768,"title":48769,"body":48770,"description":50605,"extension":1921,"meta":50606,"navigation":98,"path":44753,"seo":50607,"stem":50608,"__hash__":50609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48771,"toc":50561},[48772,48777,48782,48790,48799,48801,48860,48866,48871,48876,48879,48906,48909,48912,48923,48933,48935,48937,48957,48961,48989,48991,49030,49032,49040,49042,49045,49049,49102,49104,49116,49120,49177,49179,49191,49197,49203,49207,49210,49213,49279,49281,49293,49299,49301,49353,49356,49397,49400,49407,49416,49422,49425,49458,49464,49467,49498,49504,49507,49519,49523,49528,49532,49690,49692,49707,49710,49714,49818,49820,49837,49841,49902,49904,49912,49915,49919,49986,49988,49997,50003,50005,50014,50016,50051,50056,50058,50088,50092,50094,50131,50134,50136,50173,50179,50181,50231,50233,50241,50251,50257,50261,50266,50315,50317,50330,50333,50335,50338,50413,50416,50435,50438,50468,50478,50480,50485,50492,50498,50504,50511,50519,50525,50528,50530,50558],[10,48773,3536,48775,3540],{"id":48774},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48776,44756],{},[20,48778,48779,48781],{},[15,48780,44756],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48783,48784,48785,2837,48787,48789],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48786,3565],{},[15,48788,3633],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48791,48792,48793,48795,48796,48798],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48794,44756],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48797,2258],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48800,3570],{"id":3569},[35,48802,48804],{"className":37,"code":48803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48805,48806,48814,48818,48839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48807,48808,48810,48812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48809,2403],{"class":50},[44,48811,55],{"class":54},[44,48813,2544],{"class":62},[44,48815,48816],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,48817,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,48819,48820,48822,48824,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,48821,128],{"class":127},[44,48823,115],{"class":58},[44,48825,48826],{"class":127},"isinstance",[44,48828,115],{"class":58},[44,48830,2429],{"class":111},[44,48832,66],{"class":58},[44,48834,45227],{"class":1458},[44,48836,5315],{"class":58},[44,48838,43806],{"class":140},[44,48840,48841,48843,48845,48847,48849,48851,48853,48856,48858],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48842,128],{"class":127},[44,48844,115],{"class":58},[44,48846,48826],{"class":127},[44,48848,115],{"class":58},[44,48850,2429],{"class":111},[44,48852,66],{"class":58},[44,48854,48855],{"class":1458}," str",[44,48857,5315],{"class":58},[44,48859,43823],{"class":140},[20,48861,144,48862,48865],{},[15,48863,48864],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48867,151,48869,154],{"id":48868},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48870,44756],{},[20,48872,48873,48875],{},[15,48874,44756],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48877,48878],{},"It:",[161,48880,48881,48884,48890,48893],{},[164,48882,48883],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[164,48885,175,48886,2837,48888],{},[15,48887,3565],{},[15,48889,3633],{},[164,48891,48892],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[164,48894,48895,48896,798,48898,798,48900,798,48902,802,48904],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48897,3403],{},[15,48899,2145],{},[15,48901,226],{},[15,48903,231],{},[15,48905,8769],{},[20,48907,48908],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48910,48911],{},"For example, you might want to:",[161,48913,48914,48917,48920],{},[164,48915,48916],{},"loop through a list",[164,48918,48919],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[164,48921,48922],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48924,48925,48926,2837,48929,108],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[394,48927,44748],{"href":48928},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[394,48930,48932],{"href":48931},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48934,188],{"id":187},[20,48936,2116],{},[35,48938,48940],{"className":37,"code":48939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48941,48942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48943,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48945,48826],{"class":127},[44,48947,115],{"class":58},[44,48949,42350],{"class":1458},[44,48951,66],{"class":58},[44,48953,48954],{"class":111}," classinfo",[44,48956,121],{"class":58},[420,48958,48960],{"id":48959},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[161,48962,48963,48968,48982],{},[164,48964,48965,48967],{},[15,48966,42350],{}," is the value you want to test",[164,48969,48970,48973,48974,798,48976,798,48978,2149,48980],{},[15,48971,48972],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48975,2145],{},[15,48977,3403],{},[15,48979,226],{},[15,48981,8769],{},[164,48983,48984,48985,2837,48987],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48986,3565],{},[15,48988,3633],{},[20,48990,2164],{},[35,48992,48994],{"className":37,"code":48993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48995,48996,49008,49012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48997,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48999,7824],{"class":50},[44,49001,55],{"class":54},[44,49003,284],{"class":272},[44,49005,11459],{"class":276},[44,49007,3318],{"class":272},[44,49009,49010],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49011,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49013,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49015,128],{"class":127},[44,49017,115],{"class":58},[44,49019,48826],{"class":127},[44,49021,115],{"class":58},[44,49023,7616],{"class":111},[44,49025,66],{"class":58},[44,49027,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49029,637],{"class":58},[20,49031,2028],{},[35,49033,49034],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49035,49036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49037,49038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49039,3936],{"class":1582},[30,49041,11425],{"id":11424},[20,49043,49044],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[420,49046,49048],{"id":49047},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,49050,49052],{"className":37,"code":49051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49053,49054,49062,49066,49084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49055,49056,49058,49060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49057,2403],{"class":50},[44,49059,55],{"class":54},[44,49061,45176],{"class":62},[44,49063,49064],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49065,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49067,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49069,128],{"class":127},[44,49071,115],{"class":58},[44,49073,48826],{"class":127},[44,49075,115],{"class":58},[44,49077,2429],{"class":111},[44,49079,66],{"class":58},[44,49081,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49083,637],{"class":58},[44,49085,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49087,128],{"class":127},[44,49089,115],{"class":58},[44,49091,48826],{"class":127},[44,49093,115],{"class":58},[44,49095,2429],{"class":111},[44,49097,66],{"class":58},[44,49099,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49101,637],{"class":58},[20,49103,2028],{},[35,49105,49106],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49107,49108,49112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49109,49110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49111,3936],{"class":1582},[44,49113,49114],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49115,3997],{"class":1582},[420,49117,49119],{"id":49118},"check-text","Check text",[35,49121,49123],{"className":37,"code":49122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49124,49125,49137,49141,49159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49128,34638],{"class":50},[44,49130,55],{"class":54},[44,49132,284],{"class":272},[44,49134,1262],{"class":276},[44,49136,3318],{"class":272},[44,49138,49139],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49140,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49142,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49144,128],{"class":127},[44,49146,115],{"class":58},[44,49148,48826],{"class":127},[44,49150,115],{"class":58},[44,49152,34659],{"class":111},[44,49154,66],{"class":58},[44,49156,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49158,637],{"class":58},[44,49160,49161,49163,49165,49167,49169,49171,49173,49175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49162,128],{"class":127},[44,49164,115],{"class":58},[44,49166,48826],{"class":127},[44,49168,115],{"class":58},[44,49170,34659],{"class":111},[44,49172,66],{"class":58},[44,49174,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49176,637],{"class":58},[20,49178,2028],{},[35,49180,49181],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49182,49183,49187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49184,49185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49186,3936],{"class":1582},[44,49188,49189],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49190,3997],{"class":1582},[20,49192,49193,49194,49196],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49195,44756],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49198,49199,49200,108],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[394,49201,49202],{"href":2921},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,49204,49206],{"id":49205},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49208,49209],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49211,49212],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,49214,49216],{"className":37,"code":49215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49217,49218,49227,49231,49255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49219,49220,49222,49224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49221,2403],{"class":50},[44,49223,55],{"class":54},[44,49225,49226],{"class":62}," 3.5\n",[44,49228,49229],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49230,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49232,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49234,128],{"class":127},[44,49236,115],{"class":58},[44,49238,48826],{"class":127},[44,49240,115],{"class":58},[44,49242,2429],{"class":111},[44,49244,66],{"class":58},[44,49246,9185],{"class":58},[44,49248,2145],{"class":1458},[44,49250,66],{"class":58},[44,49252,40206],{"class":1458},[44,49254,2871],{"class":58},[44,49256,49257,49259,49261,49263,49265,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49258,128],{"class":127},[44,49260,115],{"class":58},[44,49262,48826],{"class":127},[44,49264,115],{"class":58},[44,49266,2429],{"class":111},[44,49268,66],{"class":58},[44,49270,9185],{"class":58},[44,49272,3403],{"class":1458},[44,49274,66],{"class":58},[44,49276,22510],{"class":1458},[44,49278,2871],{"class":58},[20,49280,2028],{},[35,49282,49283],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49284,49285,49289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49286,49287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49288,3936],{"class":1582},[44,49290,49291],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49292,3997],{"class":1582},[20,49294,49295,49296,49298],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49297,40788],{}," conditions.",[20,49300,8246],{},[35,49302,49304],{"className":37,"code":49303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49305,49306,49314,49318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49307,49308,49310,49312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49309,2403],{"class":50},[44,49311,55],{"class":54},[44,49313,49226],{"class":62},[44,49315,49316],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49317,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49319,49320,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49321,128],{"class":127},[44,49323,115],{"class":58},[44,49325,1459],{"class":1458},[44,49327,115],{"class":58},[44,49329,2429],{"class":111},[44,49331,1476],{"class":58},[44,49333,6359],{"class":54},[44,49335,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49337,48187],{"class":3832},[44,49339,49340],{"class":1458}," type",[44,49342,115],{"class":58},[44,49344,2429],{"class":111},[44,49346,1476],{"class":58},[44,49348,6359],{"class":54},[44,49350,40206],{"class":1458},[44,49352,121],{"class":58},[20,49354,49355],{},"you can write this:",[35,49357,49359],{"className":37,"code":49358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49360,49361,49369,49373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49362,49363,49365,49367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49364,2403],{"class":50},[44,49366,55],{"class":54},[44,49368,49226],{"class":62},[44,49370,49371],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49372,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49374,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49376,128],{"class":127},[44,49378,115],{"class":58},[44,49380,48826],{"class":127},[44,49382,115],{"class":58},[44,49384,2429],{"class":111},[44,49386,66],{"class":58},[44,49388,9185],{"class":58},[44,49390,2145],{"class":1458},[44,49392,66],{"class":58},[44,49394,40206],{"class":1458},[44,49396,2871],{"class":58},[20,49398,49399],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49401,49403,408,49405],{"id":49402},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49404,44756],{},[15,49406,2258],{},[20,49408,10540,49409,398,49411,49415],{},[15,49410,44756],{},[394,49412,49413],{"href":2255},[15,49414,2258],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[420,49417,49419],{"id":49418},"typevalue-int",[15,49420,49421],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49423,49424],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49426,49428],{"className":37,"code":49427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49429,49430,49438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49431,49432,49434,49436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49433,2403],{"class":50},[44,49435,55],{"class":54},[44,49437,2544],{"class":62},[44,49439,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49441,128],{"class":127},[44,49443,115],{"class":58},[44,49445,1459],{"class":1458},[44,49447,115],{"class":58},[44,49449,2429],{"class":111},[44,49451,1476],{"class":58},[44,49453,6359],{"class":54},[44,49455,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49457,121],{"class":58},[420,49459,49461],{"id":49460},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49462,49463],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49465,49466],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49468,49470],{"className":37,"code":49469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49471,49472,49480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49473,49474,49476,49478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49475,2403],{"class":50},[44,49477,55],{"class":54},[44,49479,2544],{"class":62},[44,49481,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49483,128],{"class":127},[44,49485,115],{"class":58},[44,49487,48826],{"class":127},[44,49489,115],{"class":58},[44,49491,2429],{"class":111},[44,49493,66],{"class":58},[44,49495,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49497,637],{"class":58},[20,49499,49500,49501,49503],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49502,44756],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49505,49506],{},"In everyday code:",[161,49508,49509,49514],{},[164,49510,39941,49511,49513],{},[15,49512,2258],{}," when you need the exact type",[164,49515,39941,49516,49518],{},[15,49517,44756],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49520,49522],{"id":49521},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49524,49525,49526,108],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49527,44756],{},[420,49529,49531],{"id":49530},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49533,49535],{"className":37,"code":49534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49536,49537,49555,49574,49586,49591,49609,49620,49624,49636,49640,49664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49538,49539,49541,49544,49546,49548,49550,49553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49540,34802],{"class":2022},[44,49542,49543],{"class":34805}," repeat_text",[44,49545,115],{"class":58},[44,49547,34659],{"class":37613},[44,49549,66],{"class":58},[44,49551,49552],{"class":37613}," count",[44,49554,8288],{"class":58},[44,49556,49557,49559,49561,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49558,6349],{"class":3832},[44,49560,8047],{"class":54},[44,49562,49563],{"class":127}," isinstance",[44,49565,115],{"class":58},[44,49567,34659],{"class":111},[44,49569,66],{"class":58},[44,49571,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49573,8288],{"class":58},[44,49575,49576,49579,49581,49584],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49577,49578],{"class":3832},"        return",[44,49580,284],{"class":272},[44,49582,49583],{"class":276},"text must be a string",[44,49585,3318],{"class":272},[44,49587,49588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49589,49590],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49592,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,49594,6349],{"class":3832},[44,49596,8047],{"class":54},[44,49598,49563],{"class":127},[44,49600,115],{"class":58},[44,49602,41211],{"class":111},[44,49604,66],{"class":58},[44,49606,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49608,8288],{"class":58},[44,49610,49611,49613,49615,49618],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,49612,49578],{"class":3832},[44,49614,284],{"class":272},[44,49616,49617],{"class":276},"count must be an integer",[44,49619,3318],{"class":272},[44,49621,49622],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,49623,49590],{"class":50},[44,49625,49626,49628,49631,49633],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,49627,34813],{"class":3832},[44,49629,49630],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49632,39823],{"class":54},[44,49634,49635],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49637,49638],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,49639,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49641,49642,49644,49646,49649,49651,49653,49656,49658,49660,49662],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,49643,128],{"class":127},[44,49645,115],{"class":58},[44,49647,49648],{"class":111},"repeat_text",[44,49650,115],{"class":58},[44,49652,273],{"class":272},[44,49654,49655],{"class":276},"Hi ",[44,49657,273],{"class":272},[44,49659,66],{"class":58},[44,49661,2408],{"class":62},[44,49663,637],{"class":58},[44,49665,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688],{"class":46,"line":11545},[44,49667,128],{"class":127},[44,49669,115],{"class":58},[44,49671,49648],{"class":111},[44,49673,115],{"class":58},[44,49675,273],{"class":272},[44,49677,49655],{"class":276},[44,49679,273],{"class":272},[44,49681,66],{"class":58},[44,49683,284],{"class":272},[44,49685,85],{"class":276},[44,49687,273],{"class":272},[44,49689,637],{"class":58},[20,49691,2028],{},[35,49693,49695],{"className":37,"code":49694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49696,49697,49702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49698,49699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49700,49701],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49703,49704],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49705,49706],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49708,49709],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[420,49711,49713],{"id":49712},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49715,49717],{"className":37,"code":49716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49718,49719,49751,49755,49771,49786,49803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49720,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49722,2403],{"class":50},[44,49724,55],{"class":54},[44,49726,59],{"class":58},[44,49728,273],{"class":272},[44,49730,394],{"class":276},[44,49732,273],{"class":272},[44,49734,66],{"class":58},[44,49736,284],{"class":272},[44,49738,4714],{"class":276},[44,49740,273],{"class":272},[44,49742,66],{"class":58},[44,49744,284],{"class":272},[44,49746,9689],{"class":276},[44,49748,273],{"class":272},[44,49750,72],{"class":58},[44,49752,49753],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49754,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49756,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49758,6944],{"class":3832},[44,49760,49563],{"class":127},[44,49762,115],{"class":58},[44,49764,2429],{"class":111},[44,49766,66],{"class":58},[44,49768,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49770,8288],{"class":58},[44,49772,49773,49775,49777,49779,49782,49784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49774,8017],{"class":127},[44,49776,115],{"class":58},[44,49778,273],{"class":272},[44,49780,49781],{"class":276},"This is text",[44,49783,273],{"class":272},[44,49785,121],{"class":58},[44,49787,49788,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,49789,49790],{"class":3832},"elif",[44,49792,49563],{"class":127},[44,49794,115],{"class":58},[44,49796,2429],{"class":111},[44,49798,66],{"class":58},[44,49800,22510],{"class":1458},[44,49802,8288],{"class":58},[44,49804,49805,49807,49809,49811,49814,49816],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,49806,8017],{"class":127},[44,49808,115],{"class":58},[44,49810,273],{"class":272},[44,49812,49813],{"class":276},"This is a list",[44,49815,273],{"class":272},[44,49817,121],{"class":58},[20,49819,2028],{},[35,49821,49823],{"className":37,"code":49822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49824,49825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49826,49827,49830,49832,49834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49828,49829],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49831,12144],{"class":54},[44,49833,44496],{"class":50},[44,49835,49836],{"class":1458},"list\n",[420,49838,49840],{"id":49839},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49842,49844],{"className":37,"code":49843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49845,49846,49858,49862,49878,49892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49847,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49849,2403],{"class":50},[44,49851,55],{"class":54},[44,49853,284],{"class":272},[44,49855,46477],{"class":276},[44,49857,3318],{"class":272},[44,49859,49860],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49861,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49863,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49865,6944],{"class":3832},[44,49867,49563],{"class":127},[44,49869,115],{"class":58},[44,49871,2429],{"class":111},[44,49873,66],{"class":58},[44,49875,48855],{"class":1458},[44,49877,8288],{"class":58},[44,49879,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49881,41842],{"class":50},[44,49883,55],{"class":54},[44,49885,45227],{"class":1458},[44,49887,115],{"class":58},[44,49889,2429],{"class":111},[44,49891,121],{"class":58},[44,49893,49894,49896,49898,49900],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,49895,8017],{"class":127},[44,49897,115],{"class":58},[44,49899,2196],{"class":111},[44,49901,121],{"class":58},[20,49903,2028],{},[35,49905,49906],{"className":37,"code":46563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49907,49908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49909,49910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49911,46563],{"class":62},[20,49913,49914],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[420,49916,49918],{"id":49917},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49920,49922],{"className":37,"code":49921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49923,49924,49948,49952,49968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49925,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49927,2403],{"class":50},[44,49929,55],{"class":54},[44,49931,10441],{"class":58},[44,49933,273],{"class":272},[44,49935,7616],{"class":276},[44,49937,273],{"class":272},[44,49939,159],{"class":58},[44,49941,284],{"class":272},[44,49943,12830],{"class":276},[44,49945,273],{"class":272},[44,49947,9258],{"class":58},[44,49949,49950],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,49951,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,49953,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,49955,6944],{"class":3832},[44,49957,49563],{"class":127},[44,49959,115],{"class":58},[44,49961,2429],{"class":111},[44,49963,66],{"class":58},[44,49965,9119],{"class":1458},[44,49967,8288],{"class":58},[44,49969,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49971,8017],{"class":127},[44,49973,115],{"class":58},[44,49975,2429],{"class":111},[44,49977,3856],{"class":58},[44,49979,273],{"class":272},[44,49981,7616],{"class":276},[44,49983,273],{"class":272},[44,49985,466],{"class":58},[20,49987,2028],{},[35,49989,49991],{"className":37,"code":49990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49992,49993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49994,49995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49996,49990],{"class":50},[20,49998,49999,50000,50002],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50001,1424],{}," messages later.",[30,50004,1083],{"id":1082},[420,50006,50008,50009,11042,50012],{"id":50007},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50010,50011],{},"\"int\"",[15,50013,2145],{},[20,50015,16593],{},[35,50017,50019],{"className":37,"code":50018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50020,50021,50029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50022,50023,50025,50027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50024,2403],{"class":50},[44,50026,55],{"class":54},[44,50028,2544],{"class":62},[44,50030,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50032,128],{"class":127},[44,50034,115],{"class":58},[44,50036,48826],{"class":127},[44,50038,115],{"class":58},[44,50040,2429],{"class":111},[44,50042,66],{"class":58},[44,50044,284],{"class":272},[44,50046,2145],{"class":276},[44,50048,273],{"class":272},[44,50050,637],{"class":58},[20,50052,50053,50055],{},[15,50054,50011],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50057,16605],{},[35,50059,50060],{"className":37,"code":49469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50061,50062,50070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50063,50064,50066,50068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50065,2403],{"class":50},[44,50067,55],{"class":54},[44,50069,2544],{"class":62},[44,50071,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50073,128],{"class":127},[44,50075,115],{"class":58},[44,50077,48826],{"class":127},[44,50079,115],{"class":58},[44,50081,2429],{"class":111},[44,50083,66],{"class":58},[44,50085,45227],{"class":1458},[44,50087,637],{"class":58},[420,50089,50091],{"id":50090},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50093,16593],{},[35,50095,50097],{"className":37,"code":50096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50098,50099,50107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50100,50101,50103,50105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50102,2403],{"class":50},[44,50104,55],{"class":54},[44,50106,34793],{"class":62},[44,50108,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50110,128],{"class":127},[44,50112,115],{"class":58},[44,50114,48826],{"class":127},[44,50116,115],{"class":58},[44,50118,2429],{"class":111},[44,50120,66],{"class":58},[44,50122,59],{"class":58},[44,50124,2145],{"class":1458},[44,50126,66],{"class":58},[44,50128,40206],{"class":1458},[44,50130,2957],{"class":58},[20,50132,50133],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50135,16605],{},[35,50137,50139],{"className":37,"code":50138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50140,50141,50149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50142,50143,50145,50147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50144,2403],{"class":50},[44,50146,55],{"class":54},[44,50148,34793],{"class":62},[44,50150,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50152,128],{"class":127},[44,50154,115],{"class":58},[44,50156,48826],{"class":127},[44,50158,115],{"class":58},[44,50160,2429],{"class":111},[44,50162,66],{"class":58},[44,50164,9185],{"class":58},[44,50166,2145],{"class":1458},[44,50168,66],{"class":58},[44,50170,40206],{"class":1458},[44,50172,2871],{"class":58},[420,50174,25725,50176,50178],{"id":50175},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50177,44756],{}," converts a value",[20,50180,18863],{},[35,50182,50184],{"className":37,"code":50183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50185,50186,50199,50217,50221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50187,50188,50190,50192,50194,50197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50189,2403],{"class":50},[44,50191,55],{"class":54},[44,50193,284],{"class":272},[44,50195,50196],{"class":276},"123",[44,50198,3318],{"class":272},[44,50200,50201,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50202,911],{"class":50},[44,50204,55],{"class":54},[44,50206,49563],{"class":127},[44,50208,115],{"class":58},[44,50210,2429],{"class":111},[44,50212,66],{"class":58},[44,50214,45227],{"class":1458},[44,50216,121],{"class":58},[44,50218,50219],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,50220,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,50222,50223,50225,50227,50229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50224,128],{"class":127},[44,50226,115],{"class":58},[44,50228,943],{"class":111},[44,50230,121],{"class":58},[20,50232,2028],{},[35,50234,50235],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50236,50237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50238,50239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50240,3997],{"class":1582},[20,50242,50243,50244,50247,50248,50250],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50245,50246],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50249,50196],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50252,50253,50254,1239],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50255,50256],{},"int(value)",[420,50258,50260],{"id":50259},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50262,50263,50265],{},[15,50264,44756],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,50267,50269],{"className":37,"code":50268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50270,50271,50283,50287,50305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50272,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50274,2403],{"class":50},[44,50276,55],{"class":54},[44,50278,284],{"class":272},[44,50280,13506],{"class":276},[44,50282,3318],{"class":272},[44,50284,50285],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50286,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,50288,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,50290,128],{"class":127},[44,50292,115],{"class":58},[44,50294,48826],{"class":127},[44,50296,115],{"class":58},[44,50298,2429],{"class":111},[44,50300,66],{"class":58},[44,50302,48855],{"class":1458},[44,50304,637],{"class":58},[44,50306,50307,50309,50311,50313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50308,128],{"class":127},[44,50310,115],{"class":58},[44,50312,2429],{"class":111},[44,50314,121],{"class":58},[20,50316,2028],{},[35,50318,50320],{"className":37,"code":50319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50321,50322,50326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50323,50324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50325,3936],{"class":1582},[44,50327,50328],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50329,47214],{"class":62},[20,50331,50332],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50334,25893],{"id":25892},[20,50336,50337],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50339,50341],{"className":37,"code":50340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50342,50343,50357,50375,50399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50344,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50346,128],{"class":127},[44,50348,115],{"class":58},[44,50350,1459],{"class":1458},[44,50352,115],{"class":58},[44,50354,2429],{"class":111},[44,50356,637],{"class":58},[44,50358,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50360,128],{"class":127},[44,50362,115],{"class":58},[44,50364,48826],{"class":127},[44,50366,115],{"class":58},[44,50368,2429],{"class":111},[44,50370,66],{"class":58},[44,50372,45227],{"class":1458},[44,50374,637],{"class":58},[44,50376,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,50378,128],{"class":127},[44,50380,115],{"class":58},[44,50382,48826],{"class":127},[44,50384,115],{"class":58},[44,50386,2429],{"class":111},[44,50388,66],{"class":58},[44,50390,9185],{"class":58},[44,50392,2145],{"class":1458},[44,50394,66],{"class":58},[44,50396,40206],{"class":1458},[44,50398,2871],{"class":58},[44,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50409,50411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50402,128],{"class":127},[44,50404,115],{"class":58},[44,50406,41731],{"class":127},[44,50408,115],{"class":58},[44,50410,2429],{"class":111},[44,50412,637],{"class":58},[20,50414,50415],{},"These can help when:",[161,50417,50418,50421,50426,50429],{},[164,50419,50420],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[164,50422,50423,50424],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50425,1424],{},[164,50427,50428],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[164,50430,50431,50432,50434],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50433,44756],{}," is invalid",[20,50436,50437],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[161,50439,50440,50454,50460,50465],{},[164,50441,50442,50443,2837,50446,50449,50450,2837,50452],{},"using ",[15,50444,50445],{},"'int'",[15,50447,50448],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50451,2145],{},[15,50453,3403],{},[164,50455,50456,50457,50459],{},"expecting ",[15,50458,44756],{}," to convert a value",[164,50461,50442,50462,50464],{},[15,50463,2258],{}," when inherited types should also match",[164,50466,50467],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50469,50470,50471,108],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[394,50472,50474,50475],{"href":50473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50476,50477],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50479,1757],{"id":1756},[420,50481,5096,50483,5099],{"id":50482},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50484,44756],{},[20,50486,5102,50487,50489,50490,108],{},[15,50488,3565],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50491,3633],{},[420,50493,5124,50495,50497],{"id":50494},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50496,44756],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50499,50500,50501,108],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50502,50503],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[420,50505,1773,50507,398,50509,1778],{"id":50506},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50508,44756],{},[15,50510,2258],{},[20,50512,50513,50515,50516,50518],{},[15,50514,2258],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50517,44756],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[420,50520,1761,50522,50524],{"id":50521},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50523,44756],{}," convert a value?",[20,50526,50527],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50529,1821],{"id":1820},[161,50531,50532,50538,50542,50547,50552],{},[164,50533,50534],{},[394,50535,3536,50536,3469],{"href":2255},[15,50537,2258],{},[164,50539,50540],{},[394,50541,44748],{"href":48928},[164,50543,50544],{},[394,50545,50546],{"href":2921},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[164,50548,50549],{},[394,50550,50551],{"href":48931},"What is a data type in Python?",[164,50553,50554],{},[394,50555,50474,50556],{"href":50473},[15,50557,50477],{},[1872,50559,50560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":50562},[50563,50564,50566,50569,50573,50574,50579,50585,50593,50594,50604],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":48868,"depth":75,"text":50565},"What isinstance() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":50567},[50568],{"id":48959,"depth":95,"text":48960},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425,"children":50570},[50571,50572],{"id":49047,"depth":95,"text":49048},{"id":49118,"depth":95,"text":49119},{"id":49205,"depth":75,"text":49206},{"id":49402,"depth":75,"text":50575,"children":50576},"isinstance() vs type()",[50577,50578],{"id":49418,"depth":95,"text":49421},{"id":49460,"depth":95,"text":49463},{"id":49521,"depth":75,"text":49522,"children":50580},[50581,50582,50583,50584],{"id":49530,"depth":95,"text":49531},{"id":49712,"depth":95,"text":49713},{"id":49839,"depth":95,"text":49840},{"id":49917,"depth":95,"text":49918},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":50586},[50587,50589,50590,50592],{"id":50007,"depth":95,"text":50588},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50090,"depth":95,"text":50091},{"id":50175,"depth":95,"text":50591},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50259,"depth":95,"text":50260},{"id":25892,"depth":75,"text":25893},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":50595},[50596,50598,50600,50602],{"id":50482,"depth":95,"text":50597},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50494,"depth":95,"text":50599},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50506,"depth":95,"text":50601},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50521,"depth":95,"text":50603},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48769,"description":50605},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50611,"title":50612,"body":50613,"description":52583,"extension":1921,"meta":52584,"navigation":98,"path":52585,"seo":52586,"stem":52587,"__hash__":52588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50614,"toc":52558},[50615,50618,50623,50628,50642,50645,50647,50722,50727,50731,50736,50739,50753,50755,50921,50933,50935,50937,50952,50955,50958,50971,50973,51071,51075,51081,51084,51093,51095,51130,51135,51156,51161,51166,51198,51201,51258,51262,51268,51271,51324,51326,51366,51369,51437,51440,51490,51497,51501,51507,51592,51598,51604,51653,51656,51659,51709,51711,51716,51720,51770,51774,51821,51825,51902,51906,51971,51974,51978,51983,51988,52000,52002,52021,52027,52030,52049,52054,52081,52088,52092,52098,52101,52196,52199,52202,52251,52256,52258,52262,52297,52300,52357,52367,52370,52404,52407,52409,52413,52416,52420,52423,52427,52430,52434,52447,52451,52456,52458,52508,52520,52522,52555],[10,50616,50612],{"id":50617},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50619,9071,50620,50622],{},[15,50621,42312],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50624,35357,50625,50627],{},[15,50626,42312],{}," to count:",[161,50629,50630,50633,50636,50639],{},[164,50631,50632],{},"characters in a string",[164,50634,50635],{},"items in a list or tuple",[164,50637,50638],{},"keys in a dictionary",[164,50640,50641],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50643,50644],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50646,33],{"id":32},[35,50648,50650],{"className":37,"code":50649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50651,50652,50664,50684,50688,50705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50653,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50655,34638],{"class":50},[44,50657,55],{"class":54},[44,50659,284],{"class":272},[44,50661,1262],{"class":276},[44,50663,3318],{"class":272},[44,50665,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50667,818],{"class":50},[44,50669,55],{"class":54},[44,50671,59],{"class":58},[44,50673,2287],{"class":62},[44,50675,66],{"class":58},[44,50677,7738],{"class":62},[44,50679,66],{"class":58},[44,50681,7743],{"class":62},[44,50683,72],{"class":58},[44,50685,50686],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,50687,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,50689,50690,50692,50694,50696,50698,50700,50702],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50691,128],{"class":127},[44,50693,115],{"class":58},[44,50695,11112],{"class":127},[44,50697,115],{"class":58},[44,50699,34659],{"class":111},[44,50701,5315],{"class":58},[44,50703,50704],{"class":140},"   # 5\n",[44,50706,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,50708,128],{"class":127},[44,50710,115],{"class":58},[44,50712,11112],{"class":127},[44,50714,115],{"class":58},[44,50716,835],{"class":111},[44,50718,5315],{"class":58},[44,50720,50721],{"class":140},"  # 3\n",[20,50723,144,50724,50726],{},[15,50725,42312],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50728,50730],{"id":50729},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50732,50733,50735],{},[15,50734,42312],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50737,50738],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[161,50740,50741,50744,50747,50750],{},[164,50742,50743],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[164,50745,50746],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[164,50748,50749],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[164,50751,50752],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50754,2164],{},[35,50756,50758],{"className":37,"code":50757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50759,50760,50772,50797,50829,50849,50853,50870,50887,50904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50761,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50763,7824],{"class":50},[44,50765,55],{"class":54},[44,50767,284],{"class":272},[44,50769,7625],{"class":276},[44,50771,3318],{"class":272},[44,50773,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50795],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,50775,51],{"class":50},[44,50777,55],{"class":54},[44,50779,59],{"class":58},[44,50781,2287],{"class":62},[44,50783,66],{"class":58},[44,50785,7738],{"class":62},[44,50787,66],{"class":58},[44,50789,7743],{"class":62},[44,50791,66],{"class":58},[44,50793,50794],{"class":62}," 40",[44,50796,72],{"class":58},[44,50798,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,50800,9114],{"class":50},[44,50802,55],{"class":54},[44,50804,10441],{"class":58},[44,50806,273],{"class":272},[44,50808,394],{"class":276},[44,50810,273],{"class":272},[44,50812,159],{"class":58},[44,50814,5450],{"class":62},[44,50816,66],{"class":58},[44,50818,284],{"class":272},[44,50820,4714],{"class":276},[44,50822,273],{"class":272},[44,50824,159],{"class":58},[44,50826,69],{"class":62},[44,50828,9258],{"class":58},[44,50830,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50832,604],{"class":50},[44,50834,55],{"class":54},[44,50836,10441],{"class":58},[44,50838,1410],{"class":62},[44,50840,66],{"class":58},[44,50842,37594],{"class":62},[44,50844,66],{"class":58},[44,50846,5945],{"class":62},[44,50848,9258],{"class":58},[44,50850,50851],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,50852,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,50854,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,50856,128],{"class":127},[44,50858,115],{"class":58},[44,50860,11112],{"class":127},[44,50862,115],{"class":58},[44,50864,7616],{"class":111},[44,50866,5315],{"class":58},[44,50868,50869],{"class":140},"     # 3\n",[44,50871,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882,50884],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,50873,128],{"class":127},[44,50875,115],{"class":58},[44,50877,11112],{"class":127},[44,50879,115],{"class":58},[44,50881,105],{"class":111},[44,50883,5315],{"class":58},[44,50885,50886],{"class":140},"  # 4\n",[44,50888,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,50890,128],{"class":127},[44,50892,115],{"class":58},[44,50894,11112],{"class":127},[44,50896,115],{"class":58},[44,50898,9153],{"class":111},[44,50900,5315],{"class":58},[44,50902,50903],{"class":140},"     # 2\n",[44,50905,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,50907,128],{"class":127},[44,50909,115],{"class":58},[44,50911,11112],{"class":127},[44,50913,115],{"class":58},[44,50915,621],{"class":111},[44,50917,5315],{"class":58},[44,50919,50920],{"class":140},"   # 3\n",[20,50922,50923,50924,798,50928,802,50931,108],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[394,50925,50927],{"href":50926},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[394,50929,50930],{"href":396},"Python lists explained",[394,50932,9104],{"href":9103},[30,50934,188],{"id":187},[20,50936,2116],{},[35,50938,50940],{"className":37,"code":50939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50941,50942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50943,50944,50946,50948,50950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50945,11112],{"class":127},[44,50947,115],{"class":58},[44,50949,42350],{"class":1458},[44,50951,121],{"class":58},[20,50953,50954],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50956,50957],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[161,50959,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968],{},[164,50961,37858],{},[164,50963,37852],{},[164,50965,37855],{},[164,50967,37861],{},[164,50969,50970],{},"a dictionary",[20,50972,2164],{},[35,50974,50976],{"className":37,"code":50975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50977,50978,50999,51023,51045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50979,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50981,128],{"class":127},[44,50983,115],{"class":58},[44,50985,11112],{"class":127},[44,50987,115],{"class":58},[44,50989,273],{"class":272},[44,50991,39],{"class":276},[44,50993,273],{"class":272},[44,50995,5315],{"class":58},[44,50997,50998],{"class":140},"      # 6\n",[44,51000,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51002,128],{"class":127},[44,51004,115],{"class":58},[44,51006,11112],{"class":127},[44,51008,457],{"class":58},[44,51010,63],{"class":62},[44,51012,66],{"class":58},[44,51014,69],{"class":62},[44,51016,66],{"class":58},[44,51018,2408],{"class":62},[44,51020,4688],{"class":58},[44,51022,50869],{"class":140},[44,51024,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51042],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51026,128],{"class":127},[44,51028,115],{"class":58},[44,51030,11112],{"class":127},[44,51032,628],{"class":58},[44,51034,2287],{"class":62},[44,51036,66],{"class":58},[44,51038,7738],{"class":62},[44,51040,51041],{"class":58},")))",[44,51043,51044],{"class":140},"      # 2\n",[44,51046,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063,51065,51068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51048,128],{"class":127},[44,51050,115],{"class":58},[44,51052,11112],{"class":127},[44,51054,842],{"class":58},[44,51056,273],{"class":272},[44,51058,2130],{"class":276},[44,51060,273],{"class":272},[44,51062,159],{"class":58},[44,51064,5450],{"class":62},[44,51066,51067],{"class":58},"}))",[44,51069,51070],{"class":140},"      # 1\n",[30,51072,51074],{"id":51073},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51076,51077,51078,51080],{},"When you use ",[15,51079,42312],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51082,51083],{},"That includes:",[161,51085,51086,51088,51090],{},[164,51087,689],{},[164,51089,10402],{},[164,51091,51092],{},"punctuation",[20,51094,2164],{},[35,51096,51098],{"className":37,"code":51097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51099,51100,51113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51103,34638],{"class":50},[44,51105,55],{"class":54},[44,51107,284],{"class":272},[44,51109,51110],{"class":276},"Hi there!",[44,51112,3318],{"class":272},[44,51114,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51116,128],{"class":127},[44,51118,115],{"class":58},[44,51120,11112],{"class":127},[44,51122,115],{"class":58},[44,51124,34659],{"class":111},[44,51126,5315],{"class":58},[44,51128,51129],{"class":140},"  # 9\n",[20,51131,51132,51133,1778],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51134,2101],{},[161,51136,51137,51143,51147,51150],{},[164,51138,51139,51142],{},[15,51140,51141],{},"H"," = 1",[164,51144,51145,51142],{},[15,51146,36105],{},[164,51148,51149],{},"space = 1",[164,51151,51152,51155],{},[15,51153,51154],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51157,51158,51159],{},"Total: ",[15,51160,2101],{},[20,51162,51163,51164,159],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51165,746],{},[35,51167,51169],{"className":37,"code":51168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51170,51171,51180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51172,51173,51176,51178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51174,51175],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,51177,55],{"class":54},[44,51179,7829],{"class":272},[44,51181,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51193,51195],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51183,128],{"class":127},[44,51185,115],{"class":58},[44,51187,11112],{"class":127},[44,51189,115],{"class":58},[44,51191,51192],{"class":111},"empty_text",[44,51194,5315],{"class":58},[44,51196,51197],{"class":140},"  # 0\n",[20,51199,51200],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,51202,51204],{"className":37,"code":51203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51205,51206,51219,51223,51243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51207,51208,51211,51213,51215,51217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51209,51210],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,51212,55],{"class":54},[44,51214,284],{"class":272},[44,51216,4957],{"class":276},[44,51218,3318],{"class":272},[44,51220,51221],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51222,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51224,51225,51227,51229,51231,51234,51236,51239,51241],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51226,6944],{"class":3832},[44,51228,38337],{"class":127},[44,51230,115],{"class":58},[44,51232,51233],{"class":111},"user_name",[44,51235,1476],{"class":58},[44,51237,51238],{"class":54}," >=",[44,51240,2408],{"class":62},[44,51242,6344],{"class":58},[44,51244,51245,51247,51249,51251,51254,51256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51246,8017],{"class":127},[44,51248,115],{"class":58},[44,51250,273],{"class":272},[44,51252,51253],{"class":276},"Name is long enough",[44,51255,273],{"class":272},[44,51257,121],{"class":58},[30,51259,51261],{"id":51260},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51263,51264,51265,51267],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51266,42312],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51269,51270],{},"Example with a list:",[35,51272,51274],{"className":37,"code":51273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51275,51276,51308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51279,13026],{"class":50},[44,51281,55],{"class":54},[44,51283,59],{"class":58},[44,51285,273],{"class":272},[44,51287,13043],{"class":276},[44,51289,273],{"class":272},[44,51291,66],{"class":58},[44,51293,284],{"class":272},[44,51295,17405],{"class":276},[44,51297,273],{"class":272},[44,51299,66],{"class":58},[44,51301,284],{"class":272},[44,51303,13060],{"class":276},[44,51305,273],{"class":272},[44,51307,72],{"class":58},[44,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51311,128],{"class":127},[44,51313,115],{"class":58},[44,51315,11112],{"class":127},[44,51317,115],{"class":58},[44,51319,17452],{"class":111},[44,51321,5315],{"class":58},[44,51323,50721],{"class":140},[20,51325,37867],{},[35,51327,51329],{"className":37,"code":51328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51330,51331,51348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51332,51333,51336,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51334,51335],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51337,55],{"class":54},[44,51339,9185],{"class":58},[44,51341,2287],{"class":62},[44,51343,66],{"class":58},[44,51345,7738],{"class":62},[44,51347,121],{"class":58},[44,51349,51350,51352,51354,51356,51358,51361,51363],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51351,128],{"class":127},[44,51353,115],{"class":58},[44,51355,11112],{"class":127},[44,51357,115],{"class":58},[44,51359,51360],{"class":111},"point",[44,51362,5315],{"class":58},[44,51364,51365],{"class":140},"  # 2\n",[20,51367,51368],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51370,51372],{"className":37,"code":51371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51373,51374,51398,51402,51420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51375,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51377,818],{"class":50},[44,51379,55],{"class":54},[44,51381,59],{"class":58},[44,51383,273],{"class":272},[44,51385,277],{"class":276},[44,51387,273],{"class":272},[44,51389,66],{"class":58},[44,51391,284],{"class":272},[44,51393,287],{"class":276},[44,51395,273],{"class":272},[44,51397,72],{"class":58},[44,51399,51400],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51401,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51403,51404,51406,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51405,6944],{"class":3832},[44,51407,38337],{"class":127},[44,51409,115],{"class":58},[44,51411,835],{"class":111},[44,51413,1476],{"class":58},[44,51415,38347],{"class":54},[44,51417,5450],{"class":62},[44,51419,6344],{"class":58},[44,51421,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51423,8017],{"class":127},[44,51425,115],{"class":58},[44,51427,835],{"class":111},[44,51429,3856],{"class":58},[44,51431,63],{"class":62},[44,51433,20396],{"class":58},[44,51435,51436],{"class":140},"  # banana\n",[20,51438,51439],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51441,51443],{"className":37,"code":51442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51444,51445,51467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51446,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457,51460,51462,51465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51448,5017],{"class":50},[44,51450,55],{"class":54},[44,51452,59],{"class":58},[44,51454,1695],{"class":62},[44,51456,66],{"class":58},[44,51458,51459],{"class":62}," 91",[44,51461,66],{"class":58},[44,51463,51464],{"class":62}," 75",[44,51466,72],{"class":58},[44,51468,51469,51471,51473,51475,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486,51488],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51470,128],{"class":127},[44,51472,115],{"class":58},[44,51474,273],{"class":272},[44,51476,51477],{"class":276},"Number of scores:",[44,51479,273],{"class":272},[44,51481,66],{"class":58},[44,51483,38337],{"class":127},[44,51485,115],{"class":58},[44,51487,16338],{"class":111},[44,51489,637],{"class":58},[20,51491,51492,51493,108],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[394,51494,51496],{"href":51495},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51498,51500],{"id":51499},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51502,51503,51504,51506],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51505,42312],{}," counts keys.",[35,51508,51510],{"className":37,"code":51509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51511,51512,51520,51538,51552,51568,51572,51576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51513,51514,51516,51518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51515,12813],{"class":50},[44,51517,55],{"class":54},[44,51519,11443],{"class":58},[44,51521,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51523,11448],{"class":272},[44,51525,7616],{"class":276},[44,51527,273],{"class":272},[44,51529,159],{"class":58},[44,51531,284],{"class":272},[44,51533,7869],{"class":276},[44,51535,273],{"class":272},[44,51537,11464],{"class":58},[44,51539,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51541,11448],{"class":272},[44,51543,9248],{"class":276},[44,51545,273],{"class":272},[44,51547,159],{"class":58},[44,51549,30894],{"class":62},[44,51551,11464],{"class":58},[44,51553,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51555,11448],{"class":272},[44,51557,19841],{"class":276},[44,51559,273],{"class":272},[44,51561,159],{"class":58},[44,51563,284],{"class":272},[44,51565,22196],{"class":276},[44,51567,3318],{"class":272},[44,51569,51570],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,51571,9258],{"class":58},[44,51573,51574],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,51575,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51577,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,51579,128],{"class":127},[44,51581,115],{"class":58},[44,51583,11112],{"class":127},[44,51585,115],{"class":58},[44,51587,13574],{"class":111},[44,51589,5315],{"class":58},[44,51591,50721],{"class":140},[20,51593,51594,51595,51597],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51596,42312],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51599,51600,51601,51603],{},"For sets, ",[15,51602,42312],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51605,51607],{"className":37,"code":51606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51608,51609,51637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51610,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633,51635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51612,51],{"class":50},[44,51614,55],{"class":54},[44,51616,10441],{"class":58},[44,51618,63],{"class":62},[44,51620,66],{"class":58},[44,51622,69],{"class":62},[44,51624,66],{"class":58},[44,51626,2408],{"class":62},[44,51628,66],{"class":58},[44,51630,2408],{"class":62},[44,51632,66],{"class":58},[44,51634,69],{"class":62},[44,51636,9258],{"class":58},[44,51638,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649,51651],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51640,128],{"class":127},[44,51642,115],{"class":58},[44,51644,11112],{"class":127},[44,51646,115],{"class":58},[44,51648,105],{"class":111},[44,51650,5315],{"class":58},[44,51652,50721],{"class":140},[20,51654,51655],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51657,51658],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51660,51662],{"className":37,"code":51661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51663,51664,51672,51676,51694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51665,51666,51668,51670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51667,9114],{"class":50},[44,51669,55],{"class":54},[44,51671,9788],{"class":58},[44,51673,51674],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51675,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51677,51678,51680,51682,51684,51686,51688,51690,51692],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51679,6944],{"class":3832},[44,51681,38337],{"class":127},[44,51683,115],{"class":58},[44,51685,9153],{"class":111},[44,51687,1476],{"class":58},[44,51689,6359],{"class":54},[44,51691,3790],{"class":62},[44,51693,6344],{"class":58},[44,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51705,51707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51697,8017],{"class":127},[44,51699,115],{"class":58},[44,51701,273],{"class":272},[44,51703,51704],{"class":276},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51706,273],{"class":272},[44,51708,121],{"class":58},[30,51710,40997],{"id":40996},[20,51712,51713,51714,108],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51715,42312],{},[420,51717,51719],{"id":51718},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51721,51723],{"className":37,"code":51722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51724,51725,51733,51737,51755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51726,51727,51729,51731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51728,818],{"class":50},[44,51730,55],{"class":54},[44,51732,7786],{"class":58},[44,51734,51735],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51736,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51738,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749,51751,51753],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51740,6944],{"class":3832},[44,51742,38337],{"class":127},[44,51744,115],{"class":58},[44,51746,835],{"class":111},[44,51748,1476],{"class":58},[44,51750,6359],{"class":54},[44,51752,3790],{"class":62},[44,51754,6344],{"class":58},[44,51756,51757,51759,51761,51763,51766,51768],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51758,8017],{"class":127},[44,51760,115],{"class":58},[44,51762,273],{"class":272},[44,51764,51765],{"class":276},"The list is empty",[44,51767,273],{"class":272},[44,51769,121],{"class":58},[420,51771,51773],{"id":51772},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51775,51777],{"className":37,"code":51776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51778,51779,51798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51780,51781,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51794,51796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51782,6106],{"class":50},[44,51784,55],{"class":54},[44,51786,8190],{"class":127},[44,51788,115],{"class":58},[44,51790,273],{"class":272},[44,51792,51793],{"class":276},"Enter a word: ",[44,51795,273],{"class":272},[44,51797,121],{"class":58},[44,51799,51800,51802,51804,51806,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51801,128],{"class":127},[44,51803,115],{"class":58},[44,51805,273],{"class":272},[44,51807,51808],{"class":276},"Number of characters:",[44,51810,273],{"class":272},[44,51812,66],{"class":58},[44,51814,38337],{"class":127},[44,51816,115],{"class":58},[44,51818,38342],{"class":111},[44,51820,637],{"class":58},[420,51822,51824],{"id":51823},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51826,51828],{"className":37,"code":51827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51829,51830,51844,51848,51866,51881,51887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51831,51832,51835,51837,51839,51842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51833,51834],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51836,55],{"class":54},[44,51838,284],{"class":272},[44,51840,51841],{"class":276},"secret123",[44,51843,3318],{"class":272},[44,51845,51846],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51847,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,51849,51850,51852,51854,51856,51858,51860,51862,51864],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,51851,6944],{"class":3832},[44,51853,38337],{"class":127},[44,51855,115],{"class":58},[44,51857,17571],{"class":111},[44,51859,1476],{"class":58},[44,51861,51238],{"class":54},[44,51863,6310],{"class":62},[44,51865,6344],{"class":58},[44,51867,51868,51870,51872,51874,51877,51879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51869,8017],{"class":127},[44,51871,115],{"class":58},[44,51873,273],{"class":272},[44,51875,51876],{"class":276},"Password length is valid",[44,51878,273],{"class":272},[44,51880,121],{"class":58},[44,51882,51883,51885],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,51884,27385],{"class":3832},[44,51886,6344],{"class":58},[44,51888,51889,51891,51893,51895,51898,51900],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,51890,8017],{"class":127},[44,51892,115],{"class":58},[44,51894,273],{"class":272},[44,51896,51897],{"class":276},"Password is too short",[44,51899,273],{"class":272},[44,51901,121],{"class":58},[420,51903,51905],{"id":51904},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51907,51909],{"className":37,"code":51908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51910,51911,51947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51912,51913,51916,51918,51920,51922,51925,51927,51929,51931,51934,51936,51938,51940,51943,51945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51914,51915],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51917,55],{"class":54},[44,51919,59],{"class":58},[44,51921,273],{"class":272},[44,51923,51924],{"class":276},"item1",[44,51926,273],{"class":272},[44,51928,66],{"class":58},[44,51930,284],{"class":272},[44,51932,51933],{"class":276},"item2",[44,51935,273],{"class":272},[44,51937,66],{"class":58},[44,51939,284],{"class":272},[44,51941,51942],{"class":276},"item3",[44,51944,273],{"class":272},[44,51946,72],{"class":58},[44,51948,51949,51951,51953,51955,51958,51960,51962,51964,51966,51969],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,51950,128],{"class":127},[44,51952,115],{"class":58},[44,51954,273],{"class":272},[44,51956,51957],{"class":276},"Items found:",[44,51959,273],{"class":272},[44,51961,66],{"class":58},[44,51963,38337],{"class":127},[44,51965,115],{"class":58},[44,51967,51968],{"class":111},"results",[44,51970,637],{"class":58},[20,51972,51973],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51975,51977],{"id":51976},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51979,51980,51982],{},[15,51981,42312],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51984,51985,51986,159],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51987,1424],{},[161,51989,51990,51993,51996],{},[164,51991,51992],{},"plain integers",[164,51994,51995],{},"floats",[164,51997,51998],{},[15,51999,178],{},[20,52001,2164],{},[35,52003,52005],{"className":37,"code":52004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52006,52007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52008,52009,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52010,128],{"class":127},[44,52012,115],{"class":58},[44,52014,11112],{"class":127},[44,52016,115],{"class":58},[44,52018,1410],{"class":62},[44,52020,637],{"class":58},[20,52022,52023,52024,52026],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52025,1410],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52028,52029],{},"Another example:",[35,52031,52033],{"className":37,"code":52032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52034,52035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52036,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52038,128],{"class":127},[44,52040,115],{"class":58},[44,52042,11112],{"class":127},[44,52044,115],{"class":58},[44,52046,40094],{"class":62},[44,52048,637],{"class":58},[20,52050,52051,52052,159],{},"And with ",[15,52053,178],{},[35,52055,52057],{"className":37,"code":52056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52058,52059,52067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52060,52061,52063,52065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52062,2403],{"class":50},[44,52064,55],{"class":54},[44,52066,1583],{"class":1582},[44,52068,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52070,128],{"class":127},[44,52072,115],{"class":58},[44,52074,11112],{"class":127},[44,52076,115],{"class":58},[44,52078,2429],{"class":111},[44,52080,637],{"class":58},[20,52082,52083,52084,108],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[394,52085,52087],{"href":52086},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,52089,52091],{"id":52090},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52093,52094,52095,52097],{},"Before using ",[15,52096,42312],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52099,52100],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,52102,52104],{"className":37,"code":52103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52105,52106,52114,52118,52128,52142,52160,52178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52107,52108,52110,52112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52109,2403],{"class":50},[44,52111,55],{"class":54},[44,52113,1583],{"class":1582},[44,52115,52116],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52117,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,52119,52120,52122,52124,52126],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52121,128],{"class":127},[44,52123,115],{"class":58},[44,52125,2429],{"class":111},[44,52127,121],{"class":58},[44,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52131,128],{"class":127},[44,52133,115],{"class":58},[44,52135,1459],{"class":1458},[44,52137,115],{"class":58},[44,52139,2429],{"class":111},[44,52141,637],{"class":58},[44,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,52145,128],{"class":127},[44,52147,115],{"class":58},[44,52149,48826],{"class":127},[44,52151,115],{"class":58},[44,52153,2429],{"class":111},[44,52155,66],{"class":58},[44,52157,48855],{"class":1458},[44,52159,637],{"class":58},[44,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,52163,128],{"class":127},[44,52165,115],{"class":58},[44,52167,48826],{"class":127},[44,52169,115],{"class":58},[44,52171,2429],{"class":111},[44,52173,66],{"class":58},[44,52175,22510],{"class":1458},[44,52177,637],{"class":58},[44,52179,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,52181,128],{"class":127},[44,52183,115],{"class":58},[44,52185,48826],{"class":127},[44,52187,115],{"class":58},[44,52189,2429],{"class":111},[44,52191,66],{"class":58},[44,52193,9119],{"class":1458},[44,52195,637],{"class":58},[20,52197,52198],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52200,52201],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,52203,52205],{"className":37,"code":52204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52206,52207,52219,52223,52237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52208,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52210,2403],{"class":50},[44,52212,55],{"class":54},[44,52214,284],{"class":272},[44,52216,1262],{"class":276},[44,52218,3318],{"class":272},[44,52220,52221],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52222,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,52224,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233,52235],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52226,6944],{"class":3832},[44,52228,21535],{"class":50},[44,52230,12144],{"class":54},[44,52232,8047],{"class":54},[44,52234,3808],{"class":1582},[44,52236,6344],{"class":58},[44,52238,52239,52241,52243,52245,52247,52249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52240,8017],{"class":127},[44,52242,115],{"class":58},[44,52244,11112],{"class":127},[44,52246,115],{"class":58},[44,52248,2429],{"class":111},[44,52250,637],{"class":58},[20,52252,52253,52254,108],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[394,52255,8388],{"href":2255},[30,52257,2788],{"id":2787},[20,52259,23045,52260,159],{},[15,52261,42312],{},[161,52263,52264,52272,52280,52288,52294],{},[164,52265,582,52266,52268,52269],{},[15,52267,42312],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52270,52271],{},"len(5)",[164,52273,582,52274,52276,52277],{},[15,52275,42312],{}," on a float like ",[15,52278,52279],{},"len(3.14)",[164,52281,582,52282,52284,52285,52287],{},[15,52283,42312],{}," on ",[15,52286,178],{}," after a function returns nothing",[164,52289,4531,52290,52293],{},[15,52291,52292],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[164,52295,52296],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52298,52299],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52301,52303],{"className":37,"code":52302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52304,52305,52341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52306,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337,52339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52308,13155],{"class":50},[44,52310,55],{"class":54},[44,52312,10441],{"class":58},[44,52314,273],{"class":272},[44,52316,7616],{"class":276},[44,52318,273],{"class":272},[44,52320,159],{"class":58},[44,52322,284],{"class":272},[44,52324,12830],{"class":276},[44,52326,273],{"class":272},[44,52328,66],{"class":58},[44,52330,284],{"class":272},[44,52332,9248],{"class":276},[44,52334,273],{"class":272},[44,52336,159],{"class":58},[44,52338,7738],{"class":62},[44,52340,9258],{"class":58},[44,52342,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52344,128],{"class":127},[44,52346,115],{"class":58},[44,52348,11112],{"class":127},[44,52350,115],{"class":58},[44,52352,17256],{"class":111},[44,52354,5315],{"class":58},[44,52356,51365],{"class":140},[20,52358,37545,52359,52361,52362,398,52364,108],{},[15,52360,801],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52363,15188],{},[15,52365,52366],{},"\"age\"",[20,52368,52369],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52371,52373],{"className":37,"code":52372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52374,52375,52388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52376,52377,52379,52381,52383,52386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52378,34638],{"class":50},[44,52380,55],{"class":54},[44,52382,284],{"class":272},[44,52384,52385],{"class":276},"a b",[44,52387,3318],{"class":272},[44,52389,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52391,128],{"class":127},[44,52393,115],{"class":58},[44,52395,11112],{"class":127},[44,52397,115],{"class":58},[44,52399,34659],{"class":111},[44,52401,5315],{"class":58},[44,52403,50721],{"class":140},[20,52405,52406],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52408,1757],{"id":1756},[420,52410,52412],{"id":52411},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52414,52415],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[420,52417,52419],{"id":52418},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52421,52422],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[420,52424,52426],{"id":52425},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52428,52429],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[420,52431,52433],{"id":52432},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52435,52436,52437,52439,52440,2837,52442,52444,52445,108],{},"No. Using ",[15,52438,42312],{}," on an ",[15,52441,2145],{},[15,52443,2148],{}," raises a ",[15,52446,1424],{},[420,52448,52450],{"id":52449},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52452,7711,52453,108],{},[15,52454,52455],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52457,2164],{},[35,52459,52461],{"className":37,"code":52460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52462,52463,52471,52475,52493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52464,52465,52467,52469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52466,1523],{"class":50},[44,52468,55],{"class":54},[44,52470,7786],{"class":58},[44,52472,52473],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52474,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,52476,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52478,6944],{"class":3832},[44,52480,38337],{"class":127},[44,52482,115],{"class":58},[44,52484,1447],{"class":111},[44,52486,1476],{"class":58},[44,52488,6359],{"class":54},[44,52490,3790],{"class":62},[44,52492,6344],{"class":58},[44,52494,52495,52497,52499,52501,52504,52506],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52496,8017],{"class":127},[44,52498,115],{"class":58},[44,52500,273],{"class":272},[44,52502,52503],{"class":276},"Empty list",[44,52505,273],{"class":272},[44,52507,121],{"class":58},[20,52509,52510,52511,52513,52514,52516,52517,52519],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52512,3633],{}," in an ",[15,52515,6944],{}," statement, but ",[15,52518,42312],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52521,1821],{"id":1820},[161,52523,52524,52528,52532,52536,52541,52545,52550],{},[164,52525,52526],{},[394,52527,50927],{"href":50926},[164,52529,52530],{},[394,52531,50930],{"href":396},[164,52533,52534],{},[394,52535,9104],{"href":9103},[164,52537,52538],{},[394,52539,52540],{"href":51495},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[164,52542,52543],{},[394,52544,8388],{"href":2255},[164,52546,52547],{},[394,52548,52549],{"href":1428},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[164,52551,52552],{},[394,52553,52554],{"href":52086},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1872,52556,52557],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":52559},[52560,52561,52562,52563,52564,52565,52566,52572,52573,52574,52575,52582],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":50729,"depth":75,"text":50730},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":51073,"depth":75,"text":51074},{"id":51260,"depth":75,"text":51261},{"id":51499,"depth":75,"text":51500},{"id":40996,"depth":75,"text":40997,"children":52567},[52568,52569,52570,52571],{"id":51718,"depth":95,"text":51719},{"id":51772,"depth":95,"text":51773},{"id":51823,"depth":95,"text":51824},{"id":51904,"depth":95,"text":51905},{"id":51976,"depth":75,"text":51977},{"id":52090,"depth":75,"text":52091},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":52576},[52577,52578,52579,52580,52581],{"id":52411,"depth":95,"text":52412},{"id":52418,"depth":95,"text":52419},{"id":52425,"depth":95,"text":52426},{"id":52432,"depth":95,"text":52433},{"id":52449,"depth":95,"text":52450},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50612,"description":52583},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52590,"title":52591,"body":52592,"description":54263,"extension":1921,"meta":54264,"navigation":98,"path":54265,"seo":54266,"stem":54267,"__hash__":54268},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52593,"toc":54236},[52594,52597,52610,52616,52618,52671,52676,52680,52696,52699,52713,52718,52720,52723,52742,52758,52760,52836,52838,52875,52886,52888,52891,52952,52954,52987,52990,52994,52998,53001,53126,53128,53187,53195,53248,53250,53277,53283,53292,53296,53299,53304,53356,53358,53384,53389,53442,53444,53469,53472,53496,53502,53504,53508,53510,53567,53569,53577,53579,53601,53603,53656,53658,53682,53686,53688,53727,53729,53737,53742,53746,53798,53800,53826,53832,53836,53841,53849,53851,53917,53919,53951,53955,53960,53962,53976,53979,54052,54054,54080,54082,54086,54093,54097,54104,54108,54111,54113,54166,54168,54194,54198,54206,54208,54233],[10,52595,52591],{"id":52596},"python-list-append-method",[20,52598,1938,52599,52601,52602,52605,52606,52609],{},[15,52600,411],{}," method adds ",[214,52603,52604],{},"one item"," to the ",[214,52607,52608],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52611,52612,52613,52615],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[214,52614,4583],{}," create a new list.",[30,52617,3570],{"id":3569},[35,52619,52621],{"className":37,"code":52620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52622,52623,52643,52657,52667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52624,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52626,51],{"class":50},[44,52628,55],{"class":54},[44,52630,59],{"class":58},[44,52632,63],{"class":62},[44,52634,66],{"class":58},[44,52636,69],{"class":62},[44,52638,66],{"class":58},[44,52640,2408],{"class":62},[44,52642,72],{"class":58},[44,52644,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52646,105],{"class":50},[44,52648,108],{"class":58},[44,52650,520],{"class":111},[44,52652,115],{"class":58},[44,52654,2461],{"class":62},[44,52656,121],{"class":58},[44,52658,52659,52661,52663,52665],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52660,128],{"class":127},[44,52662,115],{"class":58},[44,52664,105],{"class":111},[44,52666,121],{"class":58},[44,52668,52669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52670,141],{"class":140},[20,52672,144,52673,52675],{},[15,52674,411],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52677,52679],{"id":52678},"what-append-does","What append() does",[161,52681,52682,52687,52690,52693],{},[164,52683,52684,52686],{},[15,52685,411],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[164,52688,52689],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[164,52691,52692],{},"It does not create a new list",[164,52694,52695],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52697,52698],{},"This means you can append:",[161,52700,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711],{},[164,52702,105],{},[164,52704,5263],{},[164,52706,40545],{},[164,52708,5254],{},[164,52710,7198],{},[164,52712,34612],{},[20,52714,52715,52716,108],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[394,52717,397],{"href":396},[30,52719,5385],{"id":5384},[20,52721,52722],{},"Basic form:",[35,52724,52726],{"className":37,"code":52725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52727,52728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52729,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52731,1447],{"class":50},[44,52733,108],{"class":58},[44,52735,520],{"class":111},[44,52737,115],{"class":58},[44,52739,23261],{"class":111},[44,52741,121],{"class":58},[161,52743,52744,52749,52754],{},[164,52745,52746,52748],{},[15,52747,1447],{}," is the list you want to change",[164,52750,52751,52753],{},[15,52752,23261],{}," is the value or object to add",[164,52755,11861,52756],{},[15,52757,178],{},[20,52759,2164],{},[35,52761,52763],{"className":37,"code":52762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52764,52765,52789,52812,52816,52826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52766,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52768,265],{"class":50},[44,52770,55],{"class":54},[44,52772,59],{"class":58},[44,52774,273],{"class":272},[44,52776,277],{"class":276},[44,52778,273],{"class":272},[44,52780,66],{"class":58},[44,52782,284],{"class":272},[44,52784,287],{"class":276},[44,52786,273],{"class":272},[44,52788,72],{"class":58},[44,52790,52791,52793,52795,52798,52800,52802,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52792,911],{"class":50},[44,52794,55],{"class":54},[44,52796,52797],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52799,108],{"class":58},[44,52801,520],{"class":111},[44,52803,115],{"class":58},[44,52805,273],{"class":272},[44,52807,305],{"class":276},[44,52809,273],{"class":272},[44,52811,121],{"class":58},[44,52813,52814],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52815,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,52817,52818,52820,52822,52824],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52819,128],{"class":127},[44,52821,115],{"class":58},[44,52823,327],{"class":111},[44,52825,121],{"class":58},[44,52827,52828,52830,52832,52834],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,52829,128],{"class":127},[44,52831,115],{"class":58},[44,52833,943],{"class":111},[44,52835,121],{"class":58},[20,52837,2028],{},[35,52839,52841],{"className":37,"code":52840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52842,52843,52871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52844,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52846,3856],{"class":58},[44,52848,3259],{"class":272},[44,52850,277],{"class":276},[44,52852,3259],{"class":272},[44,52854,66],{"class":58},[44,52856,3254],{"class":272},[44,52858,287],{"class":276},[44,52860,3259],{"class":272},[44,52862,66],{"class":58},[44,52864,3254],{"class":272},[44,52866,305],{"class":276},[44,52868,3259],{"class":272},[44,52870,72],{"class":58},[44,52872,52873],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52874,11758],{"class":1582},[20,52876,52877,52878,52880,52881,52883,52884,108],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52879,411],{}," updates ",[15,52882,327],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52885,178],{},[30,52887,11425],{"id":11424},[20,52889,52890],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52892,52894],{"className":37,"code":52893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52895,52896,52920,52938,52942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52899,13026],{"class":50},[44,52901,55],{"class":54},[44,52903,59],{"class":58},[44,52905,273],{"class":272},[44,52907,13043],{"class":276},[44,52909,273],{"class":272},[44,52911,66],{"class":58},[44,52913,284],{"class":272},[44,52915,13060],{"class":276},[44,52917,273],{"class":272},[44,52919,72],{"class":58},[44,52921,52922,52924,52926,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,52923,17452],{"class":50},[44,52925,108],{"class":58},[44,52927,520],{"class":111},[44,52929,115],{"class":58},[44,52931,273],{"class":272},[44,52933,17405],{"class":276},[44,52935,273],{"class":272},[44,52937,121],{"class":58},[44,52939,52940],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,52941,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,52943,52944,52946,52948,52950],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52945,128],{"class":127},[44,52947,115],{"class":58},[44,52949,17452],{"class":111},[44,52951,121],{"class":58},[20,52953,2028],{},[35,52955,52957],{"className":37,"code":52956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52958,52959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52960,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52962,3856],{"class":58},[44,52964,3259],{"class":272},[44,52966,13043],{"class":276},[44,52968,3259],{"class":272},[44,52970,66],{"class":58},[44,52972,3254],{"class":272},[44,52974,13060],{"class":276},[44,52976,3259],{"class":272},[44,52978,66],{"class":58},[44,52980,3254],{"class":272},[44,52982,17405],{"class":276},[44,52984,3259],{"class":272},[44,52986,72],{"class":58},[20,52988,52989],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52991,31034,52992,108],{},[394,52993,578],{"href":577},[30,52995,52997],{"id":52996},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52999,53000],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,53002,53004],{"className":37,"code":53003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53005,53006,53014,53018,53032,53050,53064,53090,53112,53116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53007,53008,53010,53012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53009,818],{"class":50},[44,53011,55],{"class":54},[44,53013,7786],{"class":58},[44,53015,53016],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53017,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53021,835],{"class":50},[44,53023,108],{"class":58},[44,53025,520],{"class":111},[44,53027,115],{"class":58},[44,53029,2287],{"class":62},[44,53031,121],{"class":58},[44,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53035,835],{"class":50},[44,53037,108],{"class":58},[44,53039,520],{"class":111},[44,53041,115],{"class":58},[44,53043,273],{"class":272},[44,53045,1262],{"class":276},[44,53047,273],{"class":272},[44,53049,121],{"class":58},[44,53051,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,53053,835],{"class":50},[44,53055,108],{"class":58},[44,53057,520],{"class":111},[44,53059,115],{"class":58},[44,53061,3565],{"class":1582},[44,53063,121],{"class":58},[44,53065,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,53067,835],{"class":50},[44,53069,108],{"class":58},[44,53071,520],{"class":111},[44,53073,842],{"class":58},[44,53075,273],{"class":272},[44,53077,7616],{"class":276},[44,53079,273],{"class":272},[44,53081,159],{"class":58},[44,53083,284],{"class":272},[44,53085,7625],{"class":276},[44,53087,273],{"class":272},[44,53089,851],{"class":58},[44,53091,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108,53110],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,53093,835],{"class":50},[44,53095,108],{"class":58},[44,53097,520],{"class":111},[44,53099,457],{"class":58},[44,53101,63],{"class":62},[44,53103,66],{"class":58},[44,53105,69],{"class":62},[44,53107,66],{"class":58},[44,53109,2408],{"class":62},[44,53111,466],{"class":58},[44,53113,53114],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,53115,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,53119,128],{"class":127},[44,53121,115],{"class":58},[44,53123,835],{"class":111},[44,53125,121],{"class":58},[20,53127,2028],{},[35,53129,53131],{"className":37,"code":53130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53132,53133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53134,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53136,3856],{"class":58},[44,53138,2287],{"class":62},[44,53140,66],{"class":58},[44,53142,3254],{"class":272},[44,53144,1262],{"class":276},[44,53146,3259],{"class":272},[44,53148,66],{"class":58},[44,53150,3872],{"class":1582},[44,53152,66],{"class":58},[44,53154,10441],{"class":58},[44,53156,3259],{"class":272},[44,53158,7616],{"class":276},[44,53160,3259],{"class":272},[44,53162,159],{"class":58},[44,53164,3254],{"class":272},[44,53166,7625],{"class":276},[44,53168,3259],{"class":272},[44,53170,53171],{"class":58},"},",[44,53173,59],{"class":58},[44,53175,63],{"class":62},[44,53177,66],{"class":58},[44,53179,69],{"class":62},[44,53181,66],{"class":58},[44,53183,2408],{"class":62},[44,53185,53186],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,53188,53189,53190,42106,53192,108],{},"A list added with ",[15,53191,411],{},[214,53193,53194],{},"one single item",[35,53196,53198],{"className":37,"code":53197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53199,53200,53216,53234,53238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53201,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53203,51],{"class":50},[44,53205,55],{"class":54},[44,53207,59],{"class":58},[44,53209,63],{"class":62},[44,53211,66],{"class":58},[44,53213,69],{"class":62},[44,53215,72],{"class":58},[44,53217,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53219,105],{"class":50},[44,53221,108],{"class":58},[44,53223,520],{"class":111},[44,53225,457],{"class":58},[44,53227,85],{"class":62},[44,53229,66],{"class":58},[44,53231,90],{"class":62},[44,53233,466],{"class":58},[44,53235,53236],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53237,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53239,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53241,128],{"class":127},[44,53243,115],{"class":58},[44,53245,105],{"class":111},[44,53247,121],{"class":58},[20,53249,2028],{},[35,53251,53253],{"className":37,"code":53252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53254,53255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53258,3856],{"class":58},[44,53260,63],{"class":62},[44,53262,66],{"class":58},[44,53264,69],{"class":62},[44,53266,66],{"class":58},[44,53268,59],{"class":58},[44,53270,85],{"class":62},[44,53272,66],{"class":58},[44,53274,90],{"class":62},[44,53276,53186],{"class":58},[20,53278,2242,53279,53282],{},[15,53280,53281],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53284,53285,53286,53291],{},"This is different from ",[394,53287,53289],{"href":53288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53290,24],{},", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53293,53295],{"id":53294},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53297,53298],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[420,53300,582,53302],{"id":53301},"using-append",[15,53303,411],{},[35,53305,53306],{"className":37,"code":53197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53307,53308,53324,53342,53346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53309,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53311,51],{"class":50},[44,53313,55],{"class":54},[44,53315,59],{"class":58},[44,53317,63],{"class":62},[44,53319,66],{"class":58},[44,53321,69],{"class":62},[44,53323,72],{"class":58},[44,53325,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338,53340],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53327,105],{"class":50},[44,53329,108],{"class":58},[44,53331,520],{"class":111},[44,53333,457],{"class":58},[44,53335,85],{"class":62},[44,53337,66],{"class":58},[44,53339,90],{"class":62},[44,53341,466],{"class":58},[44,53343,53344],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53345,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53347,53348,53350,53352,53354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53349,128],{"class":127},[44,53351,115],{"class":58},[44,53353,105],{"class":111},[44,53355,121],{"class":58},[20,53357,2028],{},[35,53359,53360],{"className":37,"code":53252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53361,53362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53363,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53365,3856],{"class":58},[44,53367,63],{"class":62},[44,53369,66],{"class":58},[44,53371,69],{"class":62},[44,53373,66],{"class":58},[44,53375,59],{"class":58},[44,53377,85],{"class":62},[44,53379,66],{"class":58},[44,53381,90],{"class":62},[44,53383,53186],{"class":58},[420,53385,582,53387],{"id":53386},"using-extend",[15,53388,17],{},[35,53390,53392],{"className":37,"code":53391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53393,53394,53410,53428,53432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53395,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53397,51],{"class":50},[44,53399,55],{"class":54},[44,53401,59],{"class":58},[44,53403,63],{"class":62},[44,53405,66],{"class":58},[44,53407,69],{"class":62},[44,53409,72],{"class":58},[44,53411,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53413,105],{"class":50},[44,53415,108],{"class":58},[44,53417,112],{"class":111},[44,53419,457],{"class":58},[44,53421,85],{"class":62},[44,53423,66],{"class":58},[44,53425,90],{"class":62},[44,53427,466],{"class":58},[44,53429,53430],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53431,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53433,53434,53436,53438,53440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53435,128],{"class":127},[44,53437,115],{"class":58},[44,53439,105],{"class":111},[44,53441,121],{"class":58},[20,53443,2028],{},[35,53445,53447],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53448,53449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53450,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53452,3856],{"class":58},[44,53454,63],{"class":62},[44,53456,66],{"class":58},[44,53458,69],{"class":62},[44,53460,66],{"class":58},[44,53462,2408],{"class":62},[44,53464,66],{"class":58},[44,53466,90],{"class":62},[44,53468,72],{"class":58},[20,53470,53471],{},"The difference:",[161,53473,53474,53480,53486,53491],{},[164,53475,53476,53479],{},[15,53477,53478],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[164,53481,53482,53485],{},[15,53483,53484],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[164,53487,144,53488,53490],{},[15,53489,411],{}," for one item",[164,53492,144,53493,53495],{},[15,53494,17],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53497,53498,53499,108],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[394,53500,53501],{"href":53288},"Python list extend() method",[30,53503,1083],{"id":1082},[420,53505,53507],{"id":53506},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53509,25641],{},[35,53511,53513],{"className":37,"code":53512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53514,53515,53535,53553,53557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53516,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53518,818],{"class":50},[44,53520,55],{"class":54},[44,53522,59],{"class":58},[44,53524,63],{"class":62},[44,53526,66],{"class":58},[44,53528,69],{"class":62},[44,53530,66],{"class":58},[44,53532,2408],{"class":62},[44,53534,72],{"class":58},[44,53536,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547,53549,53551],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53538,818],{"class":50},[44,53540,55],{"class":54},[44,53542,5917],{"class":50},[44,53544,108],{"class":58},[44,53546,520],{"class":111},[44,53548,115],{"class":58},[44,53550,2461],{"class":62},[44,53552,121],{"class":58},[44,53554,53555],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53556,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53558,53559,53561,53563,53565],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53560,128],{"class":127},[44,53562,115],{"class":58},[44,53564,835],{"class":111},[44,53566,121],{"class":58},[20,53568,2028],{},[35,53570,53571],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53572,53573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53574,53575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53576,11758],{"class":1582},[20,53578,11850],{},[161,53580,53581,53586,53592],{},[164,53582,53583,53585],{},[15,53584,411],{}," changes the list in place",[164,53587,53588,877,53590],{},[15,53589,411],{},[15,53591,178],{},[164,53593,53594,53595,53598,53599],{},"So ",[15,53596,53597],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53600,178],{},[20,53602,10757],{},[35,53604,53606],{"className":37,"code":53605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53607,53608,53628,53642,53646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53609,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624,53626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53611,818],{"class":50},[44,53613,55],{"class":54},[44,53615,59],{"class":58},[44,53617,63],{"class":62},[44,53619,66],{"class":58},[44,53621,69],{"class":62},[44,53623,66],{"class":58},[44,53625,2408],{"class":62},[44,53627,72],{"class":58},[44,53629,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53631,835],{"class":50},[44,53633,108],{"class":58},[44,53635,520],{"class":111},[44,53637,115],{"class":58},[44,53639,2461],{"class":62},[44,53641,121],{"class":58},[44,53643,53644],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53645,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53647,53648,53650,53652,53654],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53649,128],{"class":127},[44,53651,115],{"class":58},[44,53653,835],{"class":111},[44,53655,121],{"class":58},[20,53657,2028],{},[35,53659,53660],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53661,53662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53663,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672,53674,53676,53678,53680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53665,3856],{"class":58},[44,53667,63],{"class":62},[44,53669,66],{"class":58},[44,53671,69],{"class":62},[44,53673,66],{"class":58},[44,53675,2408],{"class":62},[44,53677,66],{"class":58},[44,53679,90],{"class":62},[44,53681,72],{"class":58},[420,53683,53685],{"id":53684},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53687,18863],{},[35,53689,53691],{"className":37,"code":53690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53692,53693,53717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53694,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53696,31834],{"class":50},[44,53698,55],{"class":54},[44,53700,59],{"class":58},[44,53702,63],{"class":62},[44,53704,66],{"class":58},[44,53706,69],{"class":62},[44,53708,13499],{"class":58},[44,53710,520],{"class":111},[44,53712,115],{"class":58},[44,53714,85],{"class":62},[44,53716,121],{"class":58},[44,53718,53719,53721,53723,53725],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53720,128],{"class":127},[44,53722,115],{"class":58},[44,53724,31853],{"class":111},[44,53726,121],{"class":58},[20,53728,2028],{},[35,53730,53731],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53732,53733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53734,53735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53736,11758],{"class":1582},[20,53738,53739,53740,184],{},"Remember: ",[15,53741,411],{},[420,53743,53745],{"id":53744},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53747,53748],{"className":37,"code":53197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53749,53750,53766,53784,53788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53751,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53753,51],{"class":50},[44,53755,55],{"class":54},[44,53757,59],{"class":58},[44,53759,63],{"class":62},[44,53761,66],{"class":58},[44,53763,69],{"class":62},[44,53765,72],{"class":58},[44,53767,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53769,105],{"class":50},[44,53771,108],{"class":58},[44,53773,520],{"class":111},[44,53775,457],{"class":58},[44,53777,85],{"class":62},[44,53779,66],{"class":58},[44,53781,90],{"class":62},[44,53783,466],{"class":58},[44,53785,53786],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53787,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53789,53790,53792,53794,53796],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53791,128],{"class":127},[44,53793,115],{"class":58},[44,53795,105],{"class":111},[44,53797,121],{"class":58},[20,53799,2028],{},[35,53801,53802],{"className":37,"code":53252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53803,53804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53805,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53807,3856],{"class":58},[44,53809,63],{"class":62},[44,53811,66],{"class":58},[44,53813,69],{"class":62},[44,53815,66],{"class":58},[44,53817,59],{"class":58},[44,53819,85],{"class":62},[44,53821,66],{"class":58},[44,53823,90],{"class":62},[44,53825,53186],{"class":58},[20,53827,3127,53828,1236,53830,1239],{},[15,53829,1235],{},[15,53831,17],{},[420,53833,53835],{"id":53834},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53837,53838,53840],{},[15,53839,411],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53842,53843,53844,108],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[394,53845,53846],{"href":1750},[15,53847,53848],{},"list.insert()",[20,53850,2164],{},[35,53852,53854],{"className":37,"code":53853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53855,53856,53880,53903,53907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53857,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53859,672],{"class":50},[44,53861,55],{"class":54},[44,53863,59],{"class":58},[44,53865,273],{"class":272},[44,53867,394],{"class":276},[44,53869,273],{"class":272},[44,53871,66],{"class":58},[44,53873,284],{"class":272},[44,53875,9689],{"class":276},[44,53877,273],{"class":272},[44,53879,72],{"class":58},[44,53881,53882,53884,53886,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53883,689],{"class":50},[44,53885,108],{"class":58},[44,53887,53888],{"class":111},"insert",[44,53890,115],{"class":58},[44,53892,63],{"class":62},[44,53894,66],{"class":58},[44,53896,284],{"class":272},[44,53898,4714],{"class":276},[44,53900,273],{"class":272},[44,53902,121],{"class":58},[44,53904,53905],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,53906,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53908,53909,53911,53913,53915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53910,128],{"class":127},[44,53912,115],{"class":58},[44,53914,689],{"class":111},[44,53916,121],{"class":58},[20,53918,2028],{},[35,53920,53921],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53922,53923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53924,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53926,3856],{"class":58},[44,53928,3259],{"class":272},[44,53930,394],{"class":276},[44,53932,3259],{"class":272},[44,53934,66],{"class":58},[44,53936,3254],{"class":272},[44,53938,4714],{"class":276},[44,53940,3259],{"class":272},[44,53942,66],{"class":58},[44,53944,3254],{"class":272},[44,53946,9689],{"class":276},[44,53948,3259],{"class":272},[44,53950,72],{"class":58},[30,53952,53954],{"id":53953},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53956,53957,53959],{},[15,53958,411],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53961,36375],{},[161,53963,53964,53967,53970,53973],{},[164,53965,53966],{},"building a list in a loop",[164,53968,53969],{},"collecting user input",[164,53971,53972],{},"storing results step by step",[164,53974,53975],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53977,53978],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53980,53982],{"className":37,"code":53981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53983,53984,53993,53997,54018,54037,54041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53985,53986,53989,53991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53987,53988],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53990,55],{"class":54},[44,53992,7786],{"class":58},[44,53994,53995],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,53996,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,53998,53999,54001,54003,54005,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54000,5909],{"class":3832},[44,54002,6337],{"class":50},[44,54004,3839],{"class":3832},[44,54006,54007],{"class":127}," range",[44,54009,115],{"class":58},[44,54011,63],{"class":62},[44,54013,66],{"class":58},[44,54015,4557],{"class":62},[44,54017,8288],{"class":58},[44,54019,54020,54023,54025,54027,54029,54031,54033,54035],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54021,54022],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,54024,108],{"class":58},[44,54026,520],{"class":111},[44,54028,115],{"class":58},[44,54030,2174],{"class":111},[44,54032,39823],{"class":54},[44,54034,2153],{"class":111},[44,54036,121],{"class":58},[44,54038,54039],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54040,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54042,54043,54045,54047,54050],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,54044,128],{"class":127},[44,54046,115],{"class":58},[44,54048,54049],{"class":111},"squares",[44,54051,121],{"class":58},[20,54053,2028],{},[35,54055,54057],{"className":37,"code":54056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54058,54059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54060,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071,54074,54076,54078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54062,3856],{"class":58},[44,54064,63],{"class":62},[44,54066,66],{"class":58},[44,54068,90],{"class":62},[44,54070,66],{"class":58},[44,54072,54073],{"class":62}," 9",[44,54075,66],{"class":58},[44,54077,13936],{"class":62},[44,54079,72],{"class":58},[30,54081,1757],{"id":1756},[420,54083,54085],{"id":54084},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54087,46316,54088,54090,54091,108],{},[15,54089,411],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54092,178],{},[420,54094,54096],{"id":54095},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54098,54099,54100,108],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[394,54101,54102],{"href":53288},[15,54103,17],{},[420,54105,54107],{"id":54106},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54109,54110],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54112,2164],{},[35,54114,54116],{"className":37,"code":54115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54117,54118,54134,54152,54156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54119,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54121,9114],{"class":50},[44,54123,55],{"class":54},[44,54125,59],{"class":58},[44,54127,63],{"class":62},[44,54129,66],{"class":58},[44,54131,69],{"class":62},[44,54133,72],{"class":58},[44,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54137,9153],{"class":50},[44,54139,108],{"class":58},[44,54141,520],{"class":111},[44,54143,457],{"class":58},[44,54145,85],{"class":62},[44,54147,66],{"class":58},[44,54149,90],{"class":62},[44,54151,466],{"class":58},[44,54153,54154],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54155,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54157,54158,54160,54162,54164],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54159,128],{"class":127},[44,54161,115],{"class":58},[44,54163,9153],{"class":111},[44,54165,121],{"class":58},[20,54167,2028],{},[35,54169,54170],{"className":37,"code":53252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54171,54172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54173,54174,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190,54192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54175,3856],{"class":58},[44,54177,63],{"class":62},[44,54179,66],{"class":58},[44,54181,69],{"class":62},[44,54183,66],{"class":58},[44,54185,59],{"class":58},[44,54187,85],{"class":62},[44,54189,66],{"class":58},[44,54191,90],{"class":62},[44,54193,53186],{"class":58},[420,54195,54197],{"id":54196},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54199,54200,54202,54203,54205],{},[15,54201,411],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54204,1753],{}," adds at a specific position.",[30,54207,1821],{"id":1820},[161,54209,54210,54214,54218,54223,54227],{},[164,54211,54212],{},[394,54213,1834],{"href":577},[164,54215,54216],{},[394,54217,53501],{"href":53288},[164,54219,54220],{},[394,54221,54222],{"href":1750},"Python list insert() method",[164,54224,54225],{},[394,54226,397],{"href":396},[164,54228,54229],{},[394,54230,54232],{"href":54231},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1872,54234,54235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":54237},[54238,54239,54240,54241,54242,54243,54249,54255,54256,54262],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":52678,"depth":75,"text":52679},{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":52996,"depth":75,"text":52997},{"id":53294,"depth":75,"text":53295,"children":54244},[54245,54247],{"id":53301,"depth":95,"text":54246},"Using append()",{"id":53386,"depth":95,"text":54248},"Using extend()",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":54250},[54251,54252,54253,54254],{"id":53506,"depth":95,"text":53507},{"id":53684,"depth":95,"text":53685},{"id":53744,"depth":95,"text":53745},{"id":53834,"depth":95,"text":53835},{"id":53953,"depth":75,"text":53954},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":54257},[54258,54259,54260,54261],{"id":54084,"depth":95,"text":54085},{"id":54095,"depth":95,"text":54096},{"id":54106,"depth":95,"text":54107},{"id":54196,"depth":95,"text":54197},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52591,"description":54263},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54270,"title":54271,"body":54272,"description":55510,"extension":1921,"meta":55511,"navigation":98,"path":55512,"seo":55513,"stem":55514,"__hash__":55515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54273,"toc":55475},[54274,54279,54285,54291,54293,54341,54346,54351,54355,54370,54376,54378,54381,54396,54398,54409,54411,54413,54470,54472,54480,54482,54498,54503,54505,54511,54515,54599,54602,54651,54658,54666,54669,54683,54696,54702,54777,54784,54791,54865,54873,54876,54887,54895,54899,54903,54914,54916,54993,55014,55016,55026,55029,55077,55079,55100,55103,55105,55156,55162,55169,55236,55242,55248,55251,55278,55283,55289,55292,55364,55367,55378,55384,55386,55392,55395,55400,55406,55413,55421,55427,55433,55435,55472],[10,54275,13,54277,18],{"id":54276},"python-list-clear-method",[15,54278,11272],{},[20,54280,54281,54284],{},[15,54282,54283],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54286,54287,54288,54290],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[214,54289,11284],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54292,3570],{"id":3569},[35,54294,54296],{"className":37,"code":54295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54297,54298,54318,54328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54299,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54301,818],{"class":50},[44,54303,55],{"class":54},[44,54305,59],{"class":58},[44,54307,63],{"class":62},[44,54309,66],{"class":58},[44,54311,69],{"class":62},[44,54313,66],{"class":58},[44,54315,2408],{"class":62},[44,54317,72],{"class":58},[44,54319,54320,54322,54324,54326],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54321,835],{"class":50},[44,54323,108],{"class":58},[44,54325,11333],{"class":111},[44,54327,8590],{"class":58},[44,54329,54330,54332,54334,54336,54338],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54331,128],{"class":127},[44,54333,115],{"class":58},[44,54335,835],{"class":111},[44,54337,1476],{"class":58},[44,54339,54340],{"class":140},"  # []\n",[20,54342,144,54343,54345],{},[15,54344,11272],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54347,151,54349,154],{"id":54348},"what-listclear-does",[15,54350,54283],{},[20,54352,54353,159],{},[15,54354,54283],{},[161,54356,54357,54360,54362,54367],{},[164,54358,54359],{},"Removes every item from a list",[164,54361,169],{},[164,54363,54364,54365],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54366,3744],{},[164,54368,54369],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54371,54372,54373,54375],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54374,11272],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54377,188],{"id":187},[20,54379,54380],{},"Syntax:",[35,54382,54384],{"className":37,"code":54383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54385,54386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54387,54388,54390,54392,54394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54389,1447],{"class":50},[44,54391,108],{"class":58},[44,54393,11333],{"class":111},[44,54395,8590],{"class":58},[20,54397,11408],{},[161,54399,54400,54403,54406],{},[164,54401,54402],{},"Call it on a list object",[164,54404,54405],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[164,54407,54408],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54410,11425],{"id":11424},[20,54412,11428],{},[35,54414,54416],{"className":37,"code":54415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54417,54418,54442,54446,54456,54460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54419,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432,54434,54436,54438,54440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54421,51],{"class":50},[44,54423,55],{"class":54},[44,54425,59],{"class":58},[44,54427,2287],{"class":62},[44,54429,66],{"class":58},[44,54431,7738],{"class":62},[44,54433,66],{"class":58},[44,54435,7743],{"class":62},[44,54437,66],{"class":58},[44,54439,50794],{"class":62},[44,54441,72],{"class":58},[44,54443,54444],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54445,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54447,54448,54450,54452,54454],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54449,105],{"class":50},[44,54451,108],{"class":58},[44,54453,11333],{"class":111},[44,54455,8590],{"class":58},[44,54457,54458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54459,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54463,128],{"class":127},[44,54465,115],{"class":58},[44,54467,105],{"class":111},[44,54469,121],{"class":58},[20,54471,2028],{},[35,54473,54474],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54475,54476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54477,54478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54479,38248],{"class":58},[20,54481,361],{},[161,54483,54484,54489,54495],{},[164,54485,54486,54488],{},[15,54487,105],{}," starts with four items",[164,54490,54491,54494],{},[15,54492,54493],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[164,54496,54497],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54499,392,54500,108],{},[394,54501,397],{"href":54502},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54504,17368],{"id":17367},[20,54506,54507,877,54509,108],{},[15,54508,11272],{},[15,54510,178],{},[20,54512,40857,54513,52615],{},[214,54514,4583],{},[35,54516,54518],{"className":37,"code":54517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54519,54520,54552,54556,54570,54574,54587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54521,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54523,818],{"class":50},[44,54525,55],{"class":54},[44,54527,59],{"class":58},[44,54529,273],{"class":272},[44,54531,394],{"class":276},[44,54533,273],{"class":272},[44,54535,66],{"class":58},[44,54537,284],{"class":272},[44,54539,4714],{"class":276},[44,54541,273],{"class":272},[44,54543,66],{"class":58},[44,54545,284],{"class":272},[44,54547,9689],{"class":276},[44,54549,273],{"class":272},[44,54551,72],{"class":58},[44,54553,54554],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54555,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54557,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54559,911],{"class":50},[44,54561,55],{"class":54},[44,54563,5917],{"class":50},[44,54565,108],{"class":58},[44,54567,11333],{"class":111},[44,54569,8590],{"class":58},[44,54571,54572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54573,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54575,54576,54578,54580,54582,54584],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54577,128],{"class":127},[44,54579,115],{"class":58},[44,54581,835],{"class":111},[44,54583,1476],{"class":58},[44,54585,54586],{"class":140},"   # []\n",[44,54588,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,54590,128],{"class":127},[44,54592,115],{"class":58},[44,54594,943],{"class":111},[44,54596,1476],{"class":58},[44,54598,20826],{"class":140},[20,54600,54601],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54603,54605],{"className":37,"code":54604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54606,54607,54627,54641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623,54625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54610,818],{"class":50},[44,54612,55],{"class":54},[44,54614,59],{"class":58},[44,54616,63],{"class":62},[44,54618,66],{"class":58},[44,54620,69],{"class":62},[44,54622,66],{"class":58},[44,54624,2408],{"class":62},[44,54626,72],{"class":58},[44,54628,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637,54639],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54630,818],{"class":50},[44,54632,55],{"class":54},[44,54634,5917],{"class":50},[44,54636,108],{"class":58},[44,54638,11333],{"class":111},[44,54640,8590],{"class":58},[44,54642,54643,54645,54647,54649],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54644,128],{"class":127},[44,54646,115],{"class":58},[44,54648,835],{"class":111},[44,54650,121],{"class":58},[20,54652,11866,54653,42106,54655,54657],{},[15,54654,835],{},[15,54656,178],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54659,54661,54663,54664],{"id":54660},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54662,11272],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54665,3744],{},[20,54667,54668],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54670,54671],{"className":37,"code":54383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54672,54673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54674,54675,54677,54679,54681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54676,1447],{"class":50},[44,54678,108],{"class":58},[44,54680,11333],{"class":111},[44,54682,8590],{"class":58},[35,54684,54686],{"className":37,"code":54685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54687,54688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54689,54690,54692,54694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54691,1523],{"class":50},[44,54693,55],{"class":54},[44,54695,7786],{"class":58},[420,54697,54699,54701],{"id":54698},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54700,11272],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54703,54705],{"className":37,"code":54704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54706,54707,54727,54735,54739,54749,54753,54765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54708,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54710,2511],{"class":50},[44,54712,55],{"class":54},[44,54714,59],{"class":58},[44,54716,63],{"class":62},[44,54718,66],{"class":58},[44,54720,69],{"class":62},[44,54722,66],{"class":58},[44,54724,2408],{"class":62},[44,54726,72],{"class":58},[44,54728,54729,54731,54733],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54730,2539],{"class":50},[44,54732,55],{"class":54},[44,54734,36126],{"class":50},[44,54736,54737],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54738,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54742,394],{"class":50},[44,54744,108],{"class":58},[44,54746,11333],{"class":111},[44,54748,8590],{"class":58},[44,54750,54751],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54752,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54754,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,54756,128],{"class":127},[44,54758,115],{"class":58},[44,54760,394],{"class":111},[44,54762,1476],{"class":58},[44,54764,54340],{"class":140},[44,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,54768,128],{"class":127},[44,54770,115],{"class":58},[44,54772,4714],{"class":111},[44,54774,1476],{"class":58},[44,54776,54340],{"class":140},[20,54778,10540,54779,398,54781,54783],{},[15,54780,394],{},[15,54782,4714],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[420,54785,54787,54790],{"id":54786},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54788,54789],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54792,54794],{"className":37,"code":54793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54795,54796,54816,54824,54828,54836,54840,54852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54797,54798,54800,54802,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54799,2511],{"class":50},[44,54801,55],{"class":54},[44,54803,59],{"class":58},[44,54805,63],{"class":62},[44,54807,66],{"class":58},[44,54809,69],{"class":62},[44,54811,66],{"class":58},[44,54813,2408],{"class":62},[44,54815,72],{"class":58},[44,54817,54818,54820,54822],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54819,2539],{"class":50},[44,54821,55],{"class":54},[44,54823,36126],{"class":50},[44,54825,54826],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54827,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54829,54830,54832,54834],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54831,2511],{"class":50},[44,54833,55],{"class":54},[44,54835,7786],{"class":58},[44,54837,54838],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54839,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54841,54842,54844,54846,54848,54850],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,54843,128],{"class":127},[44,54845,115],{"class":58},[44,54847,394],{"class":111},[44,54849,1476],{"class":58},[44,54851,54340],{"class":140},[44,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,54855,128],{"class":127},[44,54857,115],{"class":58},[44,54859,4714],{"class":111},[44,54861,1476],{"class":58},[44,54863,54864],{"class":140},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54866,20721,54867,54869,54870,54872],{},[15,54868,394],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54871,4714],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54874,54875],{},"This difference matters when:",[161,54877,54878,54881,54884],{},[164,54879,54880],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[164,54882,54883],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[164,54885,54886],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54888,54889,54890,108],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[394,54891,54892,54893,574],{"href":1858},"the list ",[15,54894,1861],{},[30,54896,1638,54897],{"id":12388},[15,54898,11272],{},[20,54900,144,54901,1645],{},[15,54902,11272],{},[161,54904,54905,54908,54911],{},[164,54906,54907],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[164,54909,54910],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[164,54912,54913],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54915,2164],{},[35,54917,54919],{"className":37,"code":54918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54920,54921,54957,54961,54966,54977,54981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54922,54923,54926,54928,54930,54932,54935,54937,54939,54941,54944,54946,54948,54950,54953,54955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54924,54925],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54927,55],{"class":54},[44,54929,59],{"class":58},[44,54931,273],{"class":272},[44,54933,54934],{"class":276},"milk",[44,54936,273],{"class":272},[44,54938,66],{"class":58},[44,54940,284],{"class":272},[44,54942,54943],{"class":276},"bread",[44,54945,273],{"class":272},[44,54947,66],{"class":58},[44,54949,284],{"class":272},[44,54951,54952],{"class":276},"eggs",[44,54954,273],{"class":272},[44,54956,72],{"class":58},[44,54958,54959],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,54960,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54962,54963],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,54964,54965],{"class":140},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54967,54968,54971,54973,54975],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54969,54970],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54972,108],{"class":58},[44,54974,11333],{"class":111},[44,54976,8590],{"class":58},[44,54978,54979],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,54980,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,54982,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,54984,128],{"class":127},[44,54986,115],{"class":58},[44,54988,54970],{"class":111},[44,54990,1476],{"class":58},[44,54992,54340],{"class":140},[20,54994,54995,54996,55000,55001,55007,55008,108],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[394,54997,54999],{"href":54998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[394,55002,55004,574],{"href":55003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55005,55006],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[394,55009,55011,574],{"href":55010},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55012,55013],{},"list.pop()",[30,55015,1083],{"id":1082},[420,55017,55019,55020,11042,55023],{"id":55018},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55021,55022],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55024,55025],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55027,55028],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,55030,55032],{"className":37,"code":55031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55033,55034,55054,55058,55067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55035,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048,55050,55052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55037,818],{"class":50},[44,55039,55],{"class":54},[44,55041,59],{"class":58},[44,55043,63],{"class":62},[44,55045,66],{"class":58},[44,55047,69],{"class":62},[44,55049,66],{"class":58},[44,55051,2408],{"class":62},[44,55053,72],{"class":58},[44,55055,55056],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55057,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55059,55060,55062,55064],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55061,835],{"class":50},[44,55063,108],{"class":58},[44,55065,55066],{"class":1492},"clear\n",[44,55068,55069,55071,55073,55075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55070,128],{"class":127},[44,55072,115],{"class":58},[44,55074,835],{"class":111},[44,55076,121],{"class":58},[20,55078,2028],{},[35,55080,55082],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55083,55084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55085,55086,55088,55090,55092,55094,55096,55098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55087,3856],{"class":58},[44,55089,63],{"class":62},[44,55091,66],{"class":58},[44,55093,69],{"class":62},[44,55095,66],{"class":58},[44,55097,2408],{"class":62},[44,55099,72],{"class":58},[20,55101,55102],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55104,10757],{},[35,55106,55108],{"className":37,"code":55107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55109,55110,55130,55134,55144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55111,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126,55128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55113,818],{"class":50},[44,55115,55],{"class":54},[44,55117,59],{"class":58},[44,55119,63],{"class":62},[44,55121,66],{"class":58},[44,55123,69],{"class":62},[44,55125,66],{"class":58},[44,55127,2408],{"class":62},[44,55129,72],{"class":58},[44,55131,55132],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55133,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55135,55136,55138,55140,55142],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55137,835],{"class":50},[44,55139,108],{"class":58},[44,55141,11333],{"class":111},[44,55143,8590],{"class":58},[44,55145,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55147,128],{"class":127},[44,55149,115],{"class":58},[44,55151,835],{"class":111},[44,55153,1476],{"class":58},[44,55155,54340],{"class":140},[420,55157,8399,55159,55161],{"id":55158},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55160,11272],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55163,55164,877,55166,55168],{},[15,55165,11272],{},[15,55167,178],{},", not the list.",[35,55170,55172],{"className":37,"code":55171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55173,55174,55194,55208,55212,55224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55175,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190,55192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55177,818],{"class":50},[44,55179,55],{"class":54},[44,55181,59],{"class":58},[44,55183,63],{"class":62},[44,55185,66],{"class":58},[44,55187,69],{"class":62},[44,55189,66],{"class":58},[44,55191,2408],{"class":62},[44,55193,72],{"class":58},[44,55195,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204,55206],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55197,911],{"class":50},[44,55199,55],{"class":54},[44,55201,5917],{"class":50},[44,55203,108],{"class":58},[44,55205,11333],{"class":111},[44,55207,8590],{"class":58},[44,55209,55210],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55211,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55213,55214,55216,55218,55220,55222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55215,128],{"class":127},[44,55217,115],{"class":58},[44,55219,943],{"class":111},[44,55221,1476],{"class":58},[44,55223,20826],{"class":140},[44,55225,55226,55228,55230,55232,55234],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,55227,128],{"class":127},[44,55229,115],{"class":58},[44,55231,835],{"class":111},[44,55233,1476],{"class":58},[44,55235,54586],{"class":140},[420,55237,582,55239,55241],{"id":55238},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55240,11272],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55243,55244,55245,55247],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55246,11272],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55249,55250],{},"This will fail:",[35,55252,55254],{"className":37,"code":55253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55255,55256,55268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55257,55258,55260,55262,55264,55266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55259,34638],{"class":50},[44,55261,55],{"class":54},[44,55263,284],{"class":272},[44,55265,1262],{"class":276},[44,55267,3318],{"class":272},[44,55269,55270,55272,55274,55276],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55271,34659],{"class":50},[44,55273,108],{"class":58},[44,55275,11333],{"class":111},[44,55277,8590],{"class":58},[20,55279,55280,55281,33550],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55282,11272],{},[20,55284,55285,55286,55288],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55287,178],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55290,55291],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55293,55295],{"className":37,"code":55294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55296,55297,55307,55321,55335,55344,55354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55298,55299,55301,55303,55305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55300,128],{"class":127},[44,55302,115],{"class":58},[44,55304,1447],{"class":111},[44,55306,121],{"class":58},[44,55308,55309,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55310,128],{"class":127},[44,55312,115],{"class":58},[44,55314,1459],{"class":1458},[44,55316,115],{"class":58},[44,55318,1447],{"class":111},[44,55320,637],{"class":58},[44,55322,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55324,128],{"class":127},[44,55326,115],{"class":58},[44,55328,12600],{"class":127},[44,55330,115],{"class":58},[44,55332,1447],{"class":111},[44,55334,637],{"class":58},[44,55336,55337,55339,55341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55338,43501],{"class":50},[44,55340,55],{"class":54},[44,55342,55343],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55345,55346,55348,55350,55352],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,55347,1447],{"class":50},[44,55349,108],{"class":58},[44,55351,11333],{"class":111},[44,55353,8590],{"class":58},[44,55355,55356,55358,55360,55362],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,55357,128],{"class":127},[44,55359,115],{"class":58},[44,55361,30694],{"class":111},[44,55363,121],{"class":58},[20,55365,55366],{},"These can help you see:",[161,55368,55369,55372,55375],{},[164,55370,55371],{},"What the variable currently contains",[164,55373,55374],{},"Whether it is really a list",[164,55376,55377],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55379,55380,55381,108],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[394,55382,55383],{"href":54231},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55385,1757],{"id":1756},[420,55387,1761,55389,55391],{"id":55388},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55390,54283],{}," delete the list?",[20,55393,55394],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[420,55396,1761,55398,1764],{"id":55397},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55399,54283],{},[20,55401,55402,55403,55405],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55404,178],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[420,55407,1773,55409,398,55411,1778],{"id":55408},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55410,11272],{},[15,55412,54789],{},[20,55414,55415,55417,55418,55420],{},[15,55416,11272],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55419,54789],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[420,55422,1790,55424,55426],{"id":55423},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55425,11272],{}," on other types?",[20,55428,55429,55430,55432],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55431,11272],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55434,1821],{"id":1820},[161,55436,55437,55441,55446,55452,55459,55465],{},[164,55438,55439],{},[394,55440,397],{"href":54502},[164,55442,55443],{},[394,55444,55445],{"href":54998},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[164,55447,55448],{},[394,55449,571,55450,574],{"href":55010},[15,55451,12713],{},[164,55453,55454],{},[394,55455,571,55456,574],{"href":55003},[15,55457,55458],{},"remove()",[164,55460,55461],{},[394,55462,571,55463,574],{"href":1858},[15,55464,1861],{},[164,55466,55467],{},[394,55468,30299,55469,33583],{"href":54231},[15,55470,55471],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1872,55473,55474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":55476},[55477,55478,55480,55481,55482,55483,55490,55491,55499,55509],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":54348,"depth":75,"text":55479},"What list.clear() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":54660,"depth":75,"text":55484,"children":55485},"clear() vs assigning []",[55486,55488],{"id":54698,"depth":95,"text":55487},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54786,"depth":95,"text":55489},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12388,"depth":75,"text":12758},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":55492},[55493,55495,55497],{"id":55018,"depth":95,"text":55494},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55158,"depth":95,"text":55496},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55238,"depth":95,"text":55498},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":55500},[55501,55503,55505,55507],{"id":55388,"depth":95,"text":55502},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55397,"depth":95,"text":55504},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55408,"depth":95,"text":55506},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55423,"depth":95,"text":55508},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54271,"description":55510},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55517,"title":55518,"body":55519,"description":57197,"extension":1921,"meta":57198,"navigation":98,"path":57199,"seo":57200,"stem":57201,"__hash__":57202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55520,"toc":57165},[55521,55526,55532,55540,55542,55629,55636,55641,55645,55659,55661,55738,55740,55801,55804,55806,55808,55829,55832,55845,55848,55893,55895,55903,55906,55912,55918,55921,55998,56000,56045,56048,56053,56136,56138,56179,56184,56188,56194,56196,56204,56207,56300,56302,56360,56363,56379,56384,56394,56399,56401,56406,56411,56414,56416,56473,56476,56529,56535,56540,56544,56561,56563,56647,56649,56690,56697,56699,56704,56710,56712,56775,56780,56850,56854,56889,56892,56894,56933,56937,57013,57019,57025,57030,57052,57055,57074,57080,57082,57088,57091,57098,57106,57111,57114,57118,57124,57132,57135,57137,57162],[10,55522,13,55524,18],{"id":55523},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55525,1861],{},[20,55527,55528,55531],{},[15,55529,55530],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55533,55534,55535,14002,55537,55539],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55536,55],{},[214,55538,4583],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55541,33],{"id":32},[35,55543,55545],{"className":37,"code":55544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55546,55547,55567,55581,55585,55599,55603,55616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55548,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559,55561,55563,55565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55550,51],{"class":50},[44,55552,55],{"class":54},[44,55554,59],{"class":58},[44,55556,63],{"class":62},[44,55558,66],{"class":58},[44,55560,69],{"class":62},[44,55562,66],{"class":58},[44,55564,2408],{"class":62},[44,55566,72],{"class":58},[44,55568,55569,55571,55573,55575,55577,55579],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55570,1121],{"class":50},[44,55572,55],{"class":54},[44,55574,916],{"class":50},[44,55576,108],{"class":58},[44,55578,12861],{"class":111},[44,55580,8590],{"class":58},[44,55582,55583],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55584,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55586,55587,55589,55591,55593,55595,55597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55588,1152],{"class":50},[44,55590,108],{"class":58},[44,55592,520],{"class":111},[44,55594,115],{"class":58},[44,55596,2461],{"class":62},[44,55598,121],{"class":58},[44,55600,55601],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,55602,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55604,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,55606,128],{"class":127},[44,55608,115],{"class":58},[44,55610,105],{"class":111},[44,55612,1476],{"class":58},[44,55614,55615],{"class":140},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55617,55618,55620,55622,55624,55626],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,55619,128],{"class":127},[44,55621,115],{"class":58},[44,55623,1152],{"class":111},[44,55625,1476],{"class":58},[44,55627,55628],{"class":140},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55630,144,55631,55633,55634,108],{},[15,55632,55530],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[214,55635,12800],{},[30,55637,151,55639,154],{"id":55638},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55640,55530],{},[20,55642,55643,159],{},[15,55644,55530],{},[161,55646,55647,55650,55653,55656],{},[164,55648,55649],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[164,55651,55652],{},"Returns that new list",[164,55654,55655],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[164,55657,55658],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55660,2164],{},[35,55662,55664],{"className":37,"code":55663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55665,55666,55698,55713,55717,55727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55667,55668,55670,55672,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55669,265],{"class":50},[44,55671,55],{"class":54},[44,55673,59],{"class":58},[44,55675,273],{"class":272},[44,55677,277],{"class":276},[44,55679,273],{"class":272},[44,55681,66],{"class":58},[44,55683,284],{"class":272},[44,55685,287],{"class":276},[44,55687,273],{"class":272},[44,55689,66],{"class":58},[44,55691,284],{"class":272},[44,55693,305],{"class":276},[44,55695,273],{"class":272},[44,55697,72],{"class":58},[44,55699,55700,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55701,55702],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55704,55],{"class":54},[44,55706,52797],{"class":50},[44,55708,108],{"class":58},[44,55710,12861],{"class":111},[44,55712,8590],{"class":58},[44,55714,55715],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55716,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55718,55719,55721,55723,55725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55720,128],{"class":127},[44,55722,115],{"class":58},[44,55724,327],{"class":111},[44,55726,121],{"class":58},[44,55728,55729,55731,55733,55736],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,55730,128],{"class":127},[44,55732,115],{"class":58},[44,55734,55735],{"class":111},"copied_fruits",[44,55737,121],{"class":58},[20,55739,2028],{},[35,55741,55743],{"className":37,"code":55742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55744,55745,55773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55746,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55748,3856],{"class":58},[44,55750,3259],{"class":272},[44,55752,277],{"class":276},[44,55754,3259],{"class":272},[44,55756,66],{"class":58},[44,55758,3254],{"class":272},[44,55760,287],{"class":276},[44,55762,3259],{"class":272},[44,55764,66],{"class":58},[44,55766,3254],{"class":272},[44,55768,305],{"class":276},[44,55770,3259],{"class":272},[44,55772,72],{"class":58},[44,55774,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789,55791,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55776,3856],{"class":58},[44,55778,3259],{"class":272},[44,55780,277],{"class":276},[44,55782,3259],{"class":272},[44,55784,66],{"class":58},[44,55786,3254],{"class":272},[44,55788,287],{"class":276},[44,55790,3259],{"class":272},[44,55792,66],{"class":58},[44,55794,3254],{"class":272},[44,55796,305],{"class":276},[44,55798,3259],{"class":272},[44,55800,72],{"class":58},[20,55802,55803],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55805,188],{"id":187},[20,55807,2116],{},[35,55809,55811],{"className":37,"code":55810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55812,55813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55814,55815,55818,55820,55823,55825,55827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55816,55817],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55819,55],{"class":54},[44,55821,55822],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55824,108],{"class":58},[44,55826,12861],{"class":111},[44,55828,8590],{"class":58},[20,55830,55831],{},"How it works:",[161,55833,55834,55839,55842],{},[164,55835,1076,55836,55838],{},[15,55837,1861],{}," on an existing list",[164,55840,55841],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[164,55843,55844],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55846,55847],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55849,55851],{"className":37,"code":55850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55852,55853,55862,55878,55882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55854,55855,55858,55860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55856,55857],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55859,55],{"class":54},[44,55861,7786],{"class":58},[44,55863,55864,55867,55869,55872,55874,55876],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55865,55866],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55868,55],{"class":54},[44,55870,55871],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55873,108],{"class":58},[44,55875,12861],{"class":111},[44,55877,8590],{"class":58},[44,55879,55880],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55881,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55883,55884,55886,55888,55891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55885,128],{"class":127},[44,55887,115],{"class":58},[44,55889,55890],{"class":111},"new_empty_list",[44,55892,121],{"class":58},[20,55894,2028],{},[35,55896,55897],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55898,55899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55900,55901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55902,38248],{"class":58},[20,55904,55905],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55907,55909,55910],{"id":55908},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55911,55],{},[20,55913,582,55914,14002,55916,52615],{},[15,55915,55],{},[214,55917,4583],{},[20,55919,55920],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55922,55924],{"className":37,"code":55923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55925,55926,55946,55955,55959,55974,55978,55988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55927,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55929,51],{"class":50},[44,55931,55],{"class":54},[44,55933,59],{"class":58},[44,55935,63],{"class":62},[44,55937,66],{"class":58},[44,55939,69],{"class":62},[44,55941,66],{"class":58},[44,55943,2408],{"class":62},[44,55945,72],{"class":58},[44,55947,55948,55951,55953],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,55949,55950],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55952,55],{"class":54},[44,55954,43933],{"class":50},[44,55956,55957],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,55958,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55960,55961,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55962,55963],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55965,108],{"class":58},[44,55967,520],{"class":111},[44,55969,115],{"class":58},[44,55971,2461],{"class":62},[44,55973,121],{"class":58},[44,55975,55976],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,55977,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,55979,55980,55982,55984,55986],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,55981,128],{"class":127},[44,55983,115],{"class":58},[44,55985,105],{"class":111},[44,55987,121],{"class":58},[44,55989,55990,55992,55994,55996],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,55991,128],{"class":127},[44,55993,115],{"class":58},[44,55995,55963],{"class":111},[44,55997,121],{"class":58},[20,55999,2028],{},[35,56001,56003],{"className":37,"code":56002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56004,56005,56025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56006,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56008,3856],{"class":58},[44,56010,63],{"class":62},[44,56012,66],{"class":58},[44,56014,69],{"class":62},[44,56016,66],{"class":58},[44,56018,2408],{"class":62},[44,56020,66],{"class":58},[44,56022,90],{"class":62},[44,56024,72],{"class":58},[44,56026,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56028,3856],{"class":58},[44,56030,63],{"class":62},[44,56032,66],{"class":58},[44,56034,69],{"class":62},[44,56036,66],{"class":58},[44,56038,2408],{"class":62},[44,56040,66],{"class":58},[44,56042,90],{"class":62},[44,56044,72],{"class":58},[20,56046,56047],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56049,56050,56051,159],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56052,1861],{},[35,56054,56056],{"className":37,"code":56055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56057,56058,56078,56093,56097,56112,56116,56126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56059,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56061,51],{"class":50},[44,56063,55],{"class":54},[44,56065,59],{"class":58},[44,56067,63],{"class":62},[44,56069,66],{"class":58},[44,56071,69],{"class":62},[44,56073,66],{"class":58},[44,56075,2408],{"class":62},[44,56077,72],{"class":58},[44,56079,56080,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56081,56082],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,56084,55],{"class":54},[44,56086,916],{"class":50},[44,56088,108],{"class":58},[44,56090,12861],{"class":111},[44,56092,8590],{"class":58},[44,56094,56095],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56096,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56098,56099,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56100,56101],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,56103,108],{"class":58},[44,56105,520],{"class":111},[44,56107,115],{"class":58},[44,56109,2461],{"class":62},[44,56111,121],{"class":58},[44,56113,56114],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56115,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56117,56118,56120,56122,56124],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,56119,128],{"class":127},[44,56121,115],{"class":58},[44,56123,105],{"class":111},[44,56125,121],{"class":58},[44,56127,56128,56130,56132,56134],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,56129,128],{"class":127},[44,56131,115],{"class":58},[44,56133,56101],{"class":111},[44,56135,121],{"class":58},[20,56137,2028],{},[35,56139,56141],{"className":37,"code":56140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56142,56143,56159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56144,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153,56155,56157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56146,3856],{"class":58},[44,56148,63],{"class":62},[44,56150,66],{"class":58},[44,56152,69],{"class":62},[44,56154,66],{"class":58},[44,56156,2408],{"class":62},[44,56158,72],{"class":58},[44,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56162,3856],{"class":58},[44,56164,63],{"class":62},[44,56166,66],{"class":58},[44,56168,69],{"class":62},[44,56170,66],{"class":58},[44,56172,2408],{"class":62},[44,56174,66],{"class":58},[44,56176,90],{"class":62},[44,56178,72],{"class":58},[20,56180,56181,56182,108],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[394,56183,397],{"href":396},[30,56185,56187],{"id":56186},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56189,56190,12797,56192,108],{},[15,56191,55530],{},[214,56193,12800],{},[20,56195,2065],{},[161,56197,56198,56201],{},[164,56199,56200],{},"The outer list is new",[164,56202,56203],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56205,56206],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,56208,56210],{"className":37,"code":56209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56211,56212,56239,56253,56257,56276,56280,56290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56213,56214,56216,56218,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56215,12036],{"class":50},[44,56217,55],{"class":54},[44,56219,56220],{"class":58}," [[",[44,56222,63],{"class":62},[44,56224,66],{"class":58},[44,56226,69],{"class":62},[44,56228,18012],{"class":58},[44,56230,59],{"class":58},[44,56232,85],{"class":62},[44,56234,66],{"class":58},[44,56236,90],{"class":62},[44,56238,53186],{"class":58},[44,56240,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56242,14260],{"class":50},[44,56244,55],{"class":54},[44,56246,12111],{"class":50},[44,56248,108],{"class":58},[44,56250,12861],{"class":111},[44,56252,8590],{"class":58},[44,56254,56255],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56256,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56258,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56260,14279],{"class":50},[44,56262,3856],{"class":58},[44,56264,746],{"class":62},[44,56266,13499],{"class":58},[44,56268,520],{"class":111},[44,56270,115],{"class":58},[44,56272,56273],{"class":62},"99",[44,56275,121],{"class":58},[44,56277,56278],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56279,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56281,56282,56284,56286,56288],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,56283,128],{"class":127},[44,56285,115],{"class":58},[44,56287,12083],{"class":111},[44,56289,121],{"class":58},[44,56291,56292,56294,56296,56298],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,56293,128],{"class":127},[44,56295,115],{"class":58},[44,56297,14279],{"class":111},[44,56299,121],{"class":58},[20,56301,2028],{},[35,56303,56305],{"className":37,"code":56304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56306,56307,56334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56308,56309,56312,56314,56316,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56310,56311],{"class":58},"[[",[44,56313,63],{"class":62},[44,56315,66],{"class":58},[44,56317,69],{"class":62},[44,56319,66],{"class":58},[44,56321,10147],{"class":62},[44,56323,18012],{"class":58},[44,56325,59],{"class":58},[44,56327,85],{"class":62},[44,56329,66],{"class":58},[44,56331,90],{"class":62},[44,56333,53186],{"class":58},[44,56335,56336,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56337,56311],{"class":58},[44,56339,63],{"class":62},[44,56341,66],{"class":58},[44,56343,69],{"class":62},[44,56345,66],{"class":58},[44,56347,10147],{"class":62},[44,56349,18012],{"class":58},[44,56351,59],{"class":58},[44,56353,85],{"class":62},[44,56355,66],{"class":58},[44,56357,90],{"class":62},[44,56359,53186],{"class":58},[20,56361,56362],{},"Why did both change?",[161,56364,56365,56372],{},[164,56366,56367,398,56369,56371],{},[15,56368,12083],{},[15,56370,14279],{}," are different outer lists",[164,56373,56374,56375,56378],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56376,56377],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56380,53594,56381,56383],{},[15,56382,1861],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[161,56385,56386,56389,56392],{},[164,56387,56388],{},"Numbers",[164,56390,56391],{},"Strings",[164,56393,40546],{},[20,56395,56396,56397,108],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[394,56398,13739],{"href":13738},[30,56400,17368],{"id":17367},[20,56402,56403,56405],{},[15,56404,55530],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56407,40857,56408,56410],{},[214,56409,4583],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56412,56413],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56415,16605],{},[35,56417,56419],{"className":37,"code":56418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56420,56421,56445,56459,56463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56424,13026],{"class":50},[44,56426,55],{"class":54},[44,56428,59],{"class":58},[44,56430,273],{"class":272},[44,56432,13043],{"class":276},[44,56434,273],{"class":272},[44,56436,66],{"class":58},[44,56438,284],{"class":272},[44,56440,13060],{"class":276},[44,56442,273],{"class":272},[44,56444,72],{"class":58},[44,56446,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56448,13069],{"class":50},[44,56450,55],{"class":54},[44,56452,13074],{"class":50},[44,56454,108],{"class":58},[44,56456,12861],{"class":111},[44,56458,8590],{"class":58},[44,56460,56461],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56462,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56464,56465,56467,56469,56471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56466,128],{"class":127},[44,56468,115],{"class":58},[44,56470,13093],{"class":111},[44,56472,121],{"class":58},[20,56474,56475],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56477,56479],{"className":37,"code":56478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56480,56481,56505,56515,56519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56482,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56484,13026],{"class":50},[44,56486,55],{"class":54},[44,56488,59],{"class":58},[44,56490,273],{"class":272},[44,56492,13043],{"class":276},[44,56494,273],{"class":272},[44,56496,66],{"class":58},[44,56498,284],{"class":272},[44,56500,13060],{"class":276},[44,56502,273],{"class":272},[44,56504,72],{"class":58},[44,56506,56507,56509,56511,56513],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56508,17452],{"class":50},[44,56510,108],{"class":58},[44,56512,12861],{"class":111},[44,56514,8590],{"class":58},[44,56516,56517],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56518,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56522,128],{"class":127},[44,56524,115],{"class":58},[44,56526,17452],{"class":111},[44,56528,121],{"class":58},[20,56530,56531,56532,56534],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56533,1861],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56536,1638,56538],{"id":56537},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56539,55530],{},[20,56541,144,56542,10551],{},[15,56543,55530],{},[161,56545,56546,56549,56552,56555],{},[164,56547,56548],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[164,56550,56551],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[164,56553,56554],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[164,56556,56557,56558],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56559,56560],{},"[:]",[20,56562,2164],{},[35,56564,56566],{"className":37,"code":56565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56567,56568,56588,56603,56607,56622,56626,56636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56569,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56571,5017],{"class":50},[44,56573,55],{"class":54},[44,56575,59],{"class":58},[44,56577,2287],{"class":62},[44,56579,66],{"class":58},[44,56581,7738],{"class":62},[44,56583,66],{"class":58},[44,56585,7743],{"class":62},[44,56587,72],{"class":58},[44,56589,56590,56593,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56591,56592],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56594,55],{"class":54},[44,56596,5064],{"class":50},[44,56598,108],{"class":58},[44,56600,12861],{"class":111},[44,56602,8590],{"class":58},[44,56604,56605],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56606,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56608,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56610,16338],{"class":50},[44,56612,108],{"class":58},[44,56614,520],{"class":111},[44,56616,115],{"class":58},[44,56618,56619],{"class":62},"40",[44,56621,121],{"class":58},[44,56623,56624],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56625,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56627,56628,56630,56632,56634],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,56629,128],{"class":127},[44,56631,115],{"class":58},[44,56633,16338],{"class":111},[44,56635,121],{"class":58},[44,56637,56638,56640,56642,56645],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,56639,128],{"class":127},[44,56641,115],{"class":58},[44,56643,56644],{"class":111},"backup_scores",[44,56646,121],{"class":58},[20,56648,2028],{},[35,56650,56652],{"className":37,"code":56651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56653,56654,56674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56655,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56657,3856],{"class":58},[44,56659,2287],{"class":62},[44,56661,66],{"class":58},[44,56663,7738],{"class":62},[44,56665,66],{"class":58},[44,56667,7743],{"class":62},[44,56669,66],{"class":58},[44,56671,50794],{"class":62},[44,56673,72],{"class":58},[44,56675,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686,56688],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56677,3856],{"class":58},[44,56679,2287],{"class":62},[44,56681,66],{"class":58},[44,56683,7738],{"class":62},[44,56685,66],{"class":58},[44,56687,7743],{"class":62},[44,56689,72],{"class":58},[20,56691,56692,56693,108],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[394,56694,571,56695,574],{"href":570},[15,56696,411],{},[30,56698,1083],{"id":1082},[20,56700,56701,56702,108],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56703,55530],{},[420,56705,582,56707,56709],{"id":56706},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56708,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56711,39150],{},[35,56713,56715],{"className":37,"code":56714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56716,56717,56737,56745,56759,56763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56718,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56720,2511],{"class":50},[44,56722,55],{"class":54},[44,56724,59],{"class":58},[44,56726,63],{"class":62},[44,56728,66],{"class":58},[44,56730,69],{"class":62},[44,56732,66],{"class":58},[44,56734,2408],{"class":62},[44,56736,72],{"class":58},[44,56738,56739,56741,56743],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56740,2539],{"class":50},[44,56742,55],{"class":54},[44,56744,36126],{"class":50},[44,56746,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56748,4714],{"class":50},[44,56750,108],{"class":58},[44,56752,520],{"class":111},[44,56754,115],{"class":58},[44,56756,2461],{"class":62},[44,56758,121],{"class":58},[44,56760,56761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56762,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56764,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56766,128],{"class":127},[44,56768,115],{"class":58},[44,56770,394],{"class":111},[44,56772,1476],{"class":58},[44,56774,55628],{"class":140},[20,56776,56777,56778,1239],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56779,1861],{},[35,56781,56783],{"className":37,"code":56782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56784,56785,56805,56820,56834,56838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56786,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801,56803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56788,2511],{"class":50},[44,56790,55],{"class":54},[44,56792,59],{"class":58},[44,56794,63],{"class":62},[44,56796,66],{"class":58},[44,56798,69],{"class":62},[44,56800,66],{"class":58},[44,56802,2408],{"class":62},[44,56804,72],{"class":58},[44,56806,56807,56809,56811,56814,56816,56818],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56808,2539],{"class":50},[44,56810,55],{"class":54},[44,56812,56813],{"class":50}," a",[44,56815,108],{"class":58},[44,56817,12861],{"class":111},[44,56819,8590],{"class":58},[44,56821,56822,56824,56826,56828,56830,56832],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56823,4714],{"class":50},[44,56825,108],{"class":58},[44,56827,520],{"class":111},[44,56829,115],{"class":58},[44,56831,2461],{"class":62},[44,56833,121],{"class":58},[44,56835,56836],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56837,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56839,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56841,128],{"class":127},[44,56843,115],{"class":58},[44,56845,394],{"class":111},[44,56847,1476],{"class":58},[44,56849,54864],{"class":140},[420,56851,56853],{"id":56852},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56855,56857],{"className":37,"code":56856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56858,56859,56879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56862,51],{"class":50},[44,56864,55],{"class":54},[44,56866,59],{"class":58},[44,56868,63],{"class":62},[44,56870,66],{"class":58},[44,56872,69],{"class":62},[44,56874,66],{"class":58},[44,56876,2408],{"class":62},[44,56878,72],{"class":58},[44,56880,56881,56883,56885,56887],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56882,105],{"class":50},[44,56884,108],{"class":58},[44,56886,12861],{"class":111},[44,56888,8590],{"class":58},[20,56890,56891],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56893,39213],{},[35,56895,56897],{"className":37,"code":56896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56898,56899,56919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56900,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56902,51],{"class":50},[44,56904,55],{"class":54},[44,56906,59],{"class":58},[44,56908,63],{"class":62},[44,56910,66],{"class":58},[44,56912,69],{"class":62},[44,56914,66],{"class":58},[44,56916,2408],{"class":62},[44,56918,72],{"class":58},[44,56920,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56922,56082],{"class":50},[44,56924,55],{"class":54},[44,56926,916],{"class":50},[44,56928,108],{"class":58},[44,56930,12861],{"class":111},[44,56932,8590],{"class":58},[420,56934,56936],{"id":56935},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56938,56940],{"className":37,"code":56939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56941,56942,56960,56974,56978,56996,57000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56943,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56945,2511],{"class":50},[44,56947,55],{"class":54},[44,56949,56220],{"class":58},[44,56951,63],{"class":62},[44,56953,18012],{"class":58},[44,56955,59],{"class":58},[44,56957,801],{"class":62},[44,56959,53186],{"class":58},[44,56961,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,56963,2539],{"class":50},[44,56965,55],{"class":54},[44,56967,56813],{"class":50},[44,56969,108],{"class":58},[44,56971,12861],{"class":111},[44,56973,8590],{"class":58},[44,56975,56976],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,56977,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,56979,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56981,4714],{"class":50},[44,56983,3856],{"class":58},[44,56985,746],{"class":62},[44,56987,13499],{"class":58},[44,56989,520],{"class":111},[44,56991,115],{"class":58},[44,56993,56273],{"class":62},[44,56995,121],{"class":58},[44,56997,56998],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,56999,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,57001,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,57003,128],{"class":127},[44,57005,115],{"class":58},[44,57007,394],{"class":111},[44,57009,1476],{"class":58},[44,57011,57012],{"class":140},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57014,57015,57016,57018],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57017,55530],{}," is shallow.",[420,57020,25567,57022,57024],{"id":57021},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57023,1861],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57026,57027,57029],{},[15,57028,1861],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,57031,57033],{"className":37,"code":57032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57034,57035,57047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57036,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57038,7824],{"class":50},[44,57040,55],{"class":54},[44,57042,284],{"class":272},[44,57044,4957],{"class":276},[44,57046,3318],{"class":272},[44,57048,57049],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57050,57051],{"class":140},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57053,57054],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,57056,57058],{"className":37,"code":57057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57059,57060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57061,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57063,128],{"class":127},[44,57065,115],{"class":58},[44,57067,1459],{"class":1458},[44,57069,115],{"class":58},[44,57071,7616],{"class":111},[44,57073,637],{"class":58},[20,57075,57076,57077,57079],{},"You can also review ",[394,57078,402],{"href":401}," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,57081,1757],{"id":1756},[420,57083,1761,57085,57087],{"id":57084},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57086,55530],{}," change the original list?",[20,57089,57090],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[420,57092,1773,57094,398,57096,1778],{"id":57093},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57095,55530],{},[15,57097,55],{},[20,57099,57100,57102,57103,57105],{},[15,57101,1861],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57104,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[420,57107,14851,57109,14854],{"id":57108},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57110,55530],{},[20,57112,57113],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[420,57115,57117],{"id":57116},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57119,42103,57120,57123],{},[15,57121,57122],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[420,57125,14851,57127,57129,57130,1778],{"id":57126},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57128,55530],{}," the same as ",[15,57131,56560],{},[20,57133,57134],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,57136,1821],{"id":1820},[161,57138,57139,57144,57148,57152,57158],{},[164,57140,57141],{},[394,57142,14913],{"href":57143},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[164,57145,57146],{},[394,57147,397],{"href":396},[164,57149,57150],{},[394,57151,1839],{"href":401},[164,57153,57154],{},[394,57155,571,57156,574],{"href":570},[15,57157,411],{},[164,57159,57160],{},[394,57161,13739],{"href":13738},[1872,57163,57164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":57166},[57167,57168,57170,57171,57173,57174,57175,57177,57185,57196],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":55638,"depth":75,"text":57169},"What list.copy() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":55908,"depth":75,"text":57172},"Why not use =",{"id":56186,"depth":75,"text":56187},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":56537,"depth":75,"text":57176},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":57178},[57179,57181,57182,57183],{"id":56706,"depth":95,"text":57180},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56852,"depth":95,"text":56853},{"id":56935,"depth":95,"text":56936},{"id":57021,"depth":95,"text":57184},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":57186},[57187,57189,57191,57193,57194],{"id":57084,"depth":95,"text":57188},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57093,"depth":95,"text":57190},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57108,"depth":95,"text":57192},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57116,"depth":95,"text":57117},{"id":57126,"depth":95,"text":57195},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55518,"description":57197},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57204,"title":57205,"body":57206,"description":58948,"extension":1921,"meta":58949,"navigation":98,"path":58950,"seo":58951,"stem":58952,"__hash__":58953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57207,"toc":58907},[57208,57214,57220,57223,57234,57237,57239,57302,57308,57313,57317,57331,57334,57339,57344,57346,57348,57367,57379,57381,57448,57450,57458,57463,57465,57473,57476,57493,57495,57619,57630,57634,57639,57642,57644,57662,57666,57752,57761,57769,57838,57840,57843,57855,57860,57864,57935,57938,57942,57946,58011,58013,58021,58025,58108,58110,58118,58122,58183,58185,58193,58197,58284,58286,58294,58299,58304,58307,58318,58320,58405,58410,58419,58421,58425,58429,58434,58496,58500,58508,58514,58523,58528,58577,58580,58601,58605,58667,58674,58679,58682,58769,58772,58783,58786,58806,58808,58814,58817,58821,58825,58831,58834,58840,58847,58855,58866,58868,58904],[10,57209,13,57211,18],{"id":57210},"python-list-count-method",[15,57212,57213],{},"count()",[20,57215,57216,57219],{},[15,57217,57218],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57221,57222],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[161,57224,57225,57228,57231],{},[164,57226,57227],{},"count one specific item",[164,57229,57230],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[164,57232,57233],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57235,57236],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,57238,3570],{"id":3569},[35,57240,57242],{"className":37,"code":57241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57243,57244,57272,57290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57245,57246,57248,57250,57252,57254,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57247,51],{"class":50},[44,57249,55],{"class":54},[44,57251,59],{"class":58},[44,57253,63],{"class":62},[44,57255,66],{"class":58},[44,57257,69],{"class":62},[44,57259,66],{"class":58},[44,57261,69],{"class":62},[44,57263,66],{"class":58},[44,57265,2408],{"class":62},[44,57267,66],{"class":58},[44,57269,69],{"class":62},[44,57271,72],{"class":58},[44,57273,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57275,911],{"class":50},[44,57277,55],{"class":54},[44,57279,916],{"class":50},[44,57281,108],{"class":58},[44,57283,41211],{"class":111},[44,57285,115],{"class":58},[44,57287,801],{"class":62},[44,57289,121],{"class":58},[44,57291,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,57293,128],{"class":127},[44,57295,115],{"class":58},[44,57297,943],{"class":111},[44,57299,1476],{"class":58},[44,57301,50721],{"class":140},[20,57303,144,57304,57307],{},[15,57305,57306],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57309,151,57311,154],{"id":57310},"what-listcount-does",[15,57312,57218],{},[20,57314,57315,159],{},[15,57316,57218],{},[161,57318,57319,57322,57325,57328],{},[164,57320,57321],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[164,57323,57324],{},"returns an integer",[164,57326,57327],{},"does not change the original list",[164,57329,57330],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57332,57333],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57335,57336,57337,108],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57338,85],{},[20,57340,57341,57342,108],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57343,746],{},[30,57345,188],{"id":187},[20,57347,2116],{},[35,57349,57351],{"className":37,"code":57350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57352,57353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57354,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57356,1447],{"class":50},[44,57358,108],{"class":58},[44,57360,41211],{"class":111},[44,57362,115],{"class":58},[44,57364,2429],{"class":111},[44,57366,121],{"class":58},[161,57368,57369,57374],{},[164,57370,57371,57373],{},[15,57372,1447],{}," is the list you want to search",[164,57375,57376,57378],{},[15,57377,2429],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57380,2164],{},[35,57382,57384],{"className":37,"code":57383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57385,57386,57426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57387,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57389,672],{"class":50},[44,57391,55],{"class":54},[44,57393,59],{"class":58},[44,57395,273],{"class":272},[44,57397,394],{"class":276},[44,57399,273],{"class":272},[44,57401,66],{"class":58},[44,57403,284],{"class":272},[44,57405,4714],{"class":276},[44,57407,273],{"class":272},[44,57409,66],{"class":58},[44,57411,284],{"class":272},[44,57413,394],{"class":276},[44,57415,273],{"class":272},[44,57417,66],{"class":58},[44,57419,284],{"class":272},[44,57421,9689],{"class":276},[44,57423,273],{"class":272},[44,57425,72],{"class":58},[44,57427,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57429,128],{"class":127},[44,57431,115],{"class":58},[44,57433,689],{"class":111},[44,57435,108],{"class":58},[44,57437,41211],{"class":111},[44,57439,115],{"class":58},[44,57441,273],{"class":272},[44,57443,394],{"class":276},[44,57445,273],{"class":272},[44,57447,637],{"class":58},[20,57449,2028],{},[35,57451,57452],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57453,57454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57455,57456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57457,17006],{"class":62},[20,57459,57460,57461,108],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57462,746],{},[30,57464,37971],{"id":37970},[20,57466,57467,57468,57470,57471,108],{},"The return value from ",[15,57469,57213],{}," is always an ",[15,57472,2145],{},[20,57474,57475],{},"Possible results:",[161,57477,57478,57483,57488],{},[164,57479,57480,57482],{},[15,57481,746],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[164,57484,57485,57487],{},[15,57486,63],{}," if it appears once",[164,57489,57490,57492],{},[15,57491,801],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57494,2164],{},[35,57496,57498],{"className":37,"code":57497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57499,57500,57540,57544,57569,57594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57501,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57503,13026],{"class":50},[44,57505,55],{"class":54},[44,57507,59],{"class":58},[44,57509,273],{"class":272},[44,57511,13043],{"class":276},[44,57513,273],{"class":272},[44,57515,66],{"class":58},[44,57517,284],{"class":272},[44,57519,13060],{"class":276},[44,57521,273],{"class":272},[44,57523,66],{"class":58},[44,57525,284],{"class":272},[44,57527,17405],{"class":276},[44,57529,273],{"class":272},[44,57531,66],{"class":58},[44,57533,284],{"class":272},[44,57535,13060],{"class":276},[44,57537,273],{"class":272},[44,57539,72],{"class":58},[44,57541,57542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57543,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,57545,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,57547,128],{"class":127},[44,57549,115],{"class":58},[44,57551,17452],{"class":111},[44,57553,108],{"class":58},[44,57555,41211],{"class":111},[44,57557,115],{"class":58},[44,57559,273],{"class":272},[44,57561,13060],{"class":276},[44,57563,273],{"class":272},[44,57565,5315],{"class":58},[44,57567,57568],{"class":140},"   # 2\n",[44,57570,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57572,128],{"class":127},[44,57574,115],{"class":58},[44,57576,17452],{"class":111},[44,57578,108],{"class":58},[44,57580,41211],{"class":111},[44,57582,115],{"class":58},[44,57584,273],{"class":272},[44,57586,13043],{"class":276},[44,57588,273],{"class":272},[44,57590,5315],{"class":58},[44,57592,57593],{"class":140},"    # 1\n",[44,57595,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,57597,128],{"class":127},[44,57599,115],{"class":58},[44,57601,17452],{"class":111},[44,57603,108],{"class":58},[44,57605,41211],{"class":111},[44,57607,115],{"class":58},[44,57609,273],{"class":272},[44,57611,22475],{"class":276},[44,57613,273],{"class":272},[44,57615,5315],{"class":58},[44,57617,57618],{"class":140}," # 0\n",[20,57620,57621,57622,57624,57625,57627,57628,108],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57623,57213],{}," works, but using ",[15,57626,3839],{}," is often simpler. See ",[394,57629,6150],{"href":6149},[30,57631,57633],{"id":57632},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57635,57636,57638],{},[15,57637,57218],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57640,57641],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57643,43601],{},[161,57645,57646,57649,57652,57659],{},[164,57647,57648],{},"matches are based on equality",[164,57650,57651],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[164,57653,57654,398,57656,57658],{},[15,57655,63],{},[15,57657,3565],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[164,57660,57661],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[420,57663,57665],{"id":57664},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57667,57669],{"className":37,"code":57668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57670,57671,57704,57728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57672,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57674,1253],{"class":50},[44,57676,55],{"class":54},[44,57678,59],{"class":58},[44,57680,273],{"class":272},[44,57682,277],{"class":276},[44,57684,273],{"class":272},[44,57686,66],{"class":58},[44,57688,284],{"class":272},[44,57690,57691],{"class":276},"Apple",[44,57693,273],{"class":272},[44,57695,66],{"class":58},[44,57697,284],{"class":272},[44,57699,277],{"class":276},[44,57701,273],{"class":272},[44,57703,72],{"class":58},[44,57705,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57707,128],{"class":127},[44,57709,115],{"class":58},[44,57711,1271],{"class":111},[44,57713,108],{"class":58},[44,57715,41211],{"class":111},[44,57717,115],{"class":58},[44,57719,273],{"class":272},[44,57721,277],{"class":276},[44,57723,273],{"class":272},[44,57725,5315],{"class":58},[44,57727,51365],{"class":140},[44,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,57731,128],{"class":127},[44,57733,115],{"class":58},[44,57735,1271],{"class":111},[44,57737,108],{"class":58},[44,57739,41211],{"class":111},[44,57741,115],{"class":58},[44,57743,273],{"class":272},[44,57745,57691],{"class":276},[44,57747,273],{"class":272},[44,57749,5315],{"class":58},[44,57751,27731],{"class":140},[20,57753,57754,398,57757,57760],{},[15,57755,57756],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57758,57759],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[420,57762,57764,398,57766,57768],{"id":57763},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57765,63],{},[15,57767,3565],{}," can match",[35,57770,57772],{"className":37,"code":57771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57773,57774,57798,57818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57775,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57777,604],{"class":50},[44,57779,55],{"class":54},[44,57781,59],{"class":58},[44,57783,63],{"class":62},[44,57785,66],{"class":58},[44,57787,3872],{"class":1582},[44,57789,66],{"class":58},[44,57791,69],{"class":62},[44,57793,66],{"class":58},[44,57795,5450],{"class":62},[44,57797,72],{"class":58},[44,57799,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57801,128],{"class":127},[44,57803,115],{"class":58},[44,57805,621],{"class":111},[44,57807,108],{"class":58},[44,57809,41211],{"class":111},[44,57811,115],{"class":58},[44,57813,63],{"class":62},[44,57815,5315],{"class":58},[44,57817,50869],{"class":140},[44,57819,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,57821,128],{"class":127},[44,57823,115],{"class":58},[44,57825,621],{"class":111},[44,57827,108],{"class":58},[44,57829,41211],{"class":111},[44,57831,115],{"class":58},[44,57833,3565],{"class":1582},[44,57835,5315],{"class":58},[44,57837,50721],{"class":140},[20,57839,4363],{},[20,57841,57842],{},"In Python:",[161,57844,57845,57850],{},[164,57846,57847],{},[15,57848,57849],{},"True == 1",[164,57851,57852],{},[15,57853,57854],{},"False == 0",[20,57856,53594,57857,57859],{},[15,57858,57213],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[420,57861,57863],{"id":57862},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57865,57867],{"className":37,"code":57866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57868,57869,57911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57870,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57872,818],{"class":50},[44,57874,55],{"class":54},[44,57876,56220],{"class":58},[44,57878,63],{"class":62},[44,57880,66],{"class":58},[44,57882,69],{"class":62},[44,57884,18012],{"class":58},[44,57886,59],{"class":58},[44,57888,85],{"class":62},[44,57890,66],{"class":58},[44,57892,90],{"class":62},[44,57894,18012],{"class":58},[44,57896,59],{"class":58},[44,57898,63],{"class":62},[44,57900,66],{"class":58},[44,57902,69],{"class":62},[44,57904,18012],{"class":58},[44,57906,59],{"class":58},[44,57908,63],{"class":62},[44,57910,53186],{"class":58},[44,57912,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57914,128],{"class":127},[44,57916,115],{"class":58},[44,57918,835],{"class":111},[44,57920,108],{"class":58},[44,57922,41211],{"class":111},[44,57924,457],{"class":58},[44,57926,63],{"class":62},[44,57928,66],{"class":58},[44,57930,69],{"class":62},[44,57932,4688],{"class":58},[44,57934,51365],{"class":140},[20,57936,57937],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57939,57941],{"id":57940},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[420,57943,57945],{"id":57944},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57947,57949],{"className":37,"code":57948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57950,57951,57979,57997,58001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57952,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57954,51],{"class":50},[44,57956,55],{"class":54},[44,57958,59],{"class":58},[44,57960,2287],{"class":62},[44,57962,66],{"class":58},[44,57964,7738],{"class":62},[44,57966,66],{"class":58},[44,57968,5956],{"class":62},[44,57970,66],{"class":58},[44,57972,7743],{"class":62},[44,57974,66],{"class":58},[44,57976,5956],{"class":62},[44,57978,72],{"class":58},[44,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,57982,911],{"class":50},[44,57984,55],{"class":54},[44,57986,916],{"class":50},[44,57988,108],{"class":58},[44,57990,41211],{"class":111},[44,57992,115],{"class":58},[44,57994,2287],{"class":62},[44,57996,121],{"class":58},[44,57998,57999],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58000,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,58002,58003,58005,58007,58009],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58004,128],{"class":127},[44,58006,115],{"class":58},[44,58008,943],{"class":111},[44,58010,121],{"class":58},[20,58012,2028],{},[35,58014,58015],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58016,58017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58018,58019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58020,46568],{"class":62},[420,58022,58024],{"id":58023},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,58026,58028],{"className":37,"code":58027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58029,58030,58072,58094,58098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58031,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58068,58070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58033,1253],{"class":50},[44,58035,55],{"class":54},[44,58037,59],{"class":58},[44,58039,273],{"class":272},[44,58041,36997],{"class":276},[44,58043,273],{"class":272},[44,58045,66],{"class":58},[44,58047,284],{"class":272},[44,58049,58050],{"class":276},"dog",[44,58052,273],{"class":272},[44,58054,66],{"class":58},[44,58056,284],{"class":272},[44,58058,36997],{"class":276},[44,58060,273],{"class":272},[44,58062,66],{"class":58},[44,58064,284],{"class":272},[44,58066,58067],{"class":276},"bird",[44,58069,273],{"class":272},[44,58071,72],{"class":58},[44,58073,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58075,911],{"class":50},[44,58077,55],{"class":54},[44,58079,6120],{"class":50},[44,58081,108],{"class":58},[44,58083,41211],{"class":111},[44,58085,115],{"class":58},[44,58087,273],{"class":272},[44,58089,36997],{"class":276},[44,58091,273],{"class":272},[44,58093,121],{"class":58},[44,58095,58096],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58097,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,58099,58100,58102,58104,58106],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58101,128],{"class":127},[44,58103,115],{"class":58},[44,58105,943],{"class":111},[44,58107,121],{"class":58},[20,58109,2028],{},[35,58111,58112],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58113,58114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58115,58116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58117,17006],{"class":62},[420,58119,58121],{"id":58120},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,58123,58125],{"className":37,"code":58124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58126,58127,58151,58169,58173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58128,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58130,51],{"class":50},[44,58132,55],{"class":54},[44,58134,59],{"class":58},[44,58136,63],{"class":62},[44,58138,66],{"class":58},[44,58140,69],{"class":62},[44,58142,66],{"class":58},[44,58144,2408],{"class":62},[44,58146,66],{"class":58},[44,58148,90],{"class":62},[44,58150,72],{"class":58},[44,58152,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58154,911],{"class":50},[44,58156,55],{"class":54},[44,58158,916],{"class":50},[44,58160,108],{"class":58},[44,58162,41211],{"class":111},[44,58164,115],{"class":58},[44,58166,1410],{"class":62},[44,58168,121],{"class":58},[44,58170,58171],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58172,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,58174,58175,58177,58179,58181],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58176,128],{"class":127},[44,58178,115],{"class":58},[44,58180,943],{"class":111},[44,58182,121],{"class":58},[20,58184,2028],{},[35,58186,58187],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58188,58189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58190,58191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58192,47203],{"class":62},[420,58194,58196],{"id":58195},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,58198,58200],{"className":37,"code":58199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58201,58202,58248,58270,58274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58203,58204,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58205,9114],{"class":50},[44,58207,55],{"class":54},[44,58209,56220],{"class":58},[44,58211,63],{"class":62},[44,58213,66],{"class":58},[44,58215,69],{"class":62},[44,58217,18012],{"class":58},[44,58219,59],{"class":58},[44,58221,63],{"class":62},[44,58223,66],{"class":58},[44,58225,69],{"class":62},[44,58227,18012],{"class":58},[44,58229,59],{"class":58},[44,58231,801],{"class":62},[44,58233,66],{"class":58},[44,58235,2408],{"class":62},[44,58237,18012],{"class":58},[44,58239,59],{"class":58},[44,58241,63],{"class":62},[44,58243,66],{"class":58},[44,58245,69],{"class":62},[44,58247,53186],{"class":58},[44,58249,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58251,911],{"class":50},[44,58253,55],{"class":54},[44,58255,14515],{"class":50},[44,58257,108],{"class":58},[44,58259,41211],{"class":111},[44,58261,457],{"class":58},[44,58263,63],{"class":62},[44,58265,66],{"class":58},[44,58267,69],{"class":62},[44,58269,466],{"class":58},[44,58271,58272],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58273,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,58275,58276,58278,58280,58282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58277,128],{"class":127},[44,58279,115],{"class":58},[44,58281,943],{"class":111},[44,58283,121],{"class":58},[20,58285,2028],{},[35,58287,58288],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58289,58290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58291,58292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58293,46568],{"class":62},[30,58295,1638,58297],{"id":58296},"when-to-use-count",[15,58298,57213],{},[20,58300,144,58301,58303],{},[15,58302,57213],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58305,58306],{},"Good use cases:",[161,58308,58309,58312,58315],{},[164,58310,58311],{},"counting one specific item",[164,58313,58314],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[164,58316,58317],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58319,2164],{},[35,58321,58323],{"className":37,"code":58322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58324,58325,58366,58390,58394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58326,58327,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58328,58329],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58331,55],{"class":54},[44,58333,59],{"class":58},[44,58335,273],{"class":272},[44,58337,8605],{"class":276},[44,58339,273],{"class":272},[44,58341,66],{"class":58},[44,58343,284],{"class":272},[44,58345,8544],{"class":276},[44,58347,273],{"class":272},[44,58349,66],{"class":58},[44,58351,284],{"class":272},[44,58353,8605],{"class":276},[44,58355,273],{"class":272},[44,58357,66],{"class":58},[44,58359,284],{"class":272},[44,58361,8605],{"class":276},[44,58363,273],{"class":272},[44,58365,72],{"class":58},[44,58367,58368,58371,58373,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58369,58370],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58372,55],{"class":54},[44,58374,58375],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58377,108],{"class":58},[44,58379,41211],{"class":111},[44,58381,115],{"class":58},[44,58383,273],{"class":272},[44,58385,8605],{"class":276},[44,58387,273],{"class":272},[44,58389,121],{"class":58},[44,58391,58392],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58393,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,58395,58396,58398,58400,58403],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58397,128],{"class":127},[44,58399,115],{"class":58},[44,58401,58402],{"class":111},"yes_votes",[44,58404,121],{"class":58},[20,58406,58407,58409],{},[15,58408,57213],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58411,58412,58413,398,58415,108],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[394,58414,397],{"href":396},[394,58416,58418],{"href":58417},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58420,2788],{"id":2787},[20,58422,8393,58423,108],{},[15,58424,57218],{},[420,58426,58428],{"id":58427},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58430,58431,58433],{},[15,58432,57218],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58435,58437],{"className":37,"code":58436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58438,58439,58472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58440,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58442,1253],{"class":50},[44,58444,55],{"class":54},[44,58446,59],{"class":58},[44,58448,273],{"class":272},[44,58450,58451],{"class":276},"apple pie",[44,58453,273],{"class":272},[44,58455,66],{"class":58},[44,58457,284],{"class":272},[44,58459,287],{"class":276},[44,58461,273],{"class":272},[44,58463,66],{"class":58},[44,58465,284],{"class":272},[44,58467,58451],{"class":276},[44,58469,273],{"class":272},[44,58471,72],{"class":58},[44,58473,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58475,128],{"class":127},[44,58477,115],{"class":58},[44,58479,1271],{"class":111},[44,58481,108],{"class":58},[44,58483,41211],{"class":111},[44,58485,115],{"class":58},[44,58487,273],{"class":272},[44,58489,277],{"class":276},[44,58491,273],{"class":272},[44,58493,5315],{"class":58},[44,58495,51197],{"class":140},[20,58497,2445,58498,1778],{},[15,58499,746],{},[20,58501,29012,58502,58504,58505,108],{},[15,58503,57756],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58506,58507],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58509,58510,58511,108],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58512,58513],{},"str.count()",[420,58515,8399,58517,8402,58519,2837,58521],{"id":58516},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58518,57213],{},[15,58520,3565],{},[15,58522,3633],{},[20,58524,58525,58527],{},[15,58526,57213],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58529,58531],{"className":37,"code":58530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58532,58533,58557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58534,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58536,51],{"class":50},[44,58538,55],{"class":54},[44,58540,59],{"class":58},[44,58542,63],{"class":62},[44,58544,66],{"class":58},[44,58546,69],{"class":62},[44,58548,66],{"class":58},[44,58550,69],{"class":62},[44,58552,66],{"class":58},[44,58554,2408],{"class":62},[44,58556,72],{"class":58},[44,58558,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58560,128],{"class":127},[44,58562,115],{"class":58},[44,58564,105],{"class":111},[44,58566,108],{"class":58},[44,58568,41211],{"class":111},[44,58570,115],{"class":58},[44,58572,801],{"class":62},[44,58574,5315],{"class":58},[44,58576,51365],{"class":140},[20,58578,58579],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58581,58583],{"className":37,"code":58582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58584,58585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58586,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58588,128],{"class":127},[44,58590,115],{"class":58},[44,58592,801],{"class":62},[44,58594,21124],{"class":3832},[44,58596,916],{"class":111},[44,58598,1476],{"class":58},[44,58600,3623],{"class":140},[420,58602,58604],{"id":58603},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58606,58608],{"className":37,"code":58607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58609,58610,58643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58611,58612,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58639,58641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58613,4948],{"class":50},[44,58615,55],{"class":54},[44,58617,59],{"class":58},[44,58619,273],{"class":272},[44,58621,7625],{"class":276},[44,58623,273],{"class":272},[44,58625,66],{"class":58},[44,58627,284],{"class":272},[44,58629,20168],{"class":276},[44,58631,273],{"class":272},[44,58633,66],{"class":58},[44,58635,284],{"class":272},[44,58637,58638],{"class":276},"SAM",[44,58640,273],{"class":272},[44,58642,72],{"class":58},[44,58644,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58646,128],{"class":127},[44,58648,115],{"class":58},[44,58650,4992],{"class":111},[44,58652,108],{"class":58},[44,58654,41211],{"class":111},[44,58656,115],{"class":58},[44,58658,273],{"class":272},[44,58660,20168],{"class":276},[44,58662,273],{"class":272},[44,58664,5315],{"class":58},[44,58666,27731],{"class":140},[20,58668,58669,58670,58673],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58671,58672],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[420,58675,29601,58677,33498],{"id":58676},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58678,57213],{},[20,58680,58681],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58683,58685],{"className":37,"code":58684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58686,58687,58697,58711,58729,58743,58755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58688,58689,58691,58693,58695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58690,128],{"class":127},[44,58692,115],{"class":58},[44,58694,1447],{"class":111},[44,58696,121],{"class":58},[44,58698,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58700,128],{"class":127},[44,58702,115],{"class":58},[44,58704,1459],{"class":1458},[44,58706,115],{"class":58},[44,58708,1447],{"class":111},[44,58710,637],{"class":58},[44,58712,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,58714,128],{"class":127},[44,58716,115],{"class":58},[44,58718,1447],{"class":111},[44,58720,108],{"class":58},[44,58722,41211],{"class":111},[44,58724,115],{"class":58},[44,58726,2429],{"class":111},[44,58728,637],{"class":58},[44,58730,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58732,128],{"class":127},[44,58734,115],{"class":58},[44,58736,2403],{"class":111},[44,58738,3839],{"class":3832},[44,58740,8342],{"class":111},[44,58742,121],{"class":58},[44,58744,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,58746,5909],{"class":3832},[44,58748,5912],{"class":50},[44,58750,3839],{"class":3832},[44,58752,8342],{"class":50},[44,58754,6344],{"class":58},[44,58756,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,58758,8017],{"class":127},[44,58760,115],{"class":58},[44,58762,41731],{"class":127},[44,58764,115],{"class":58},[44,58766,23261],{"class":111},[44,58768,637],{"class":58},[20,58770,58771],{},"These checks can help you see:",[161,58773,58774,58777,58780],{},[164,58775,58776],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[164,58778,58779],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[164,58781,58782],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58784,58785],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[161,58787,58788,58793,58796,58803],{},[164,58789,50442,58790,58792],{},[15,58791,57213],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[164,58794,58795],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[164,58797,11057,58798,58800,58801],{},[15,58799,57218],{}," with string ",[15,58802,57213],{},[164,58804,58805],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58807,1757],{"id":1756},[420,58809,1761,58811,58813],{"id":58810},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58812,57218],{}," change the list?",[20,58815,58816],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[420,58818,58820],{"id":58819},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58822,11861,58823,108],{},[15,58824,746],{},[420,58826,5124,58828,58830],{"id":58827},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58829,57218],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58832,58833],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[420,58835,14851,58837,58839],{"id":58836},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58838,57218],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58841,42103,58842,398,58844,58846],{},[15,58843,57759],{},[15,58845,57756],{}," are different values.",[420,58848,5112,58850,58852,58853,1778],{"id":58849},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58851,3565],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58854,63],{},[20,58856,8733,58857,58859,58860,398,58862,58859,58864,108],{},[15,58858,3565],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58861,63],{},[15,58863,3633],{},[15,58865,746],{},[30,58867,1821],{"id":1820},[161,58869,58870,58874,58880,58884,58892,58899],{},[164,58871,58872],{},[394,58873,397],{"href":396},[164,58875,58876],{},[394,58877,58879],{"href":58878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[164,58881,58882],{},[394,58883,6882],{"href":6149},[164,58885,58886],{},[394,58887,571,58889,574],{"href":58888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58890,58891],{},"index()",[164,58893,58894],{},[394,58895,3536,58897],{"href":58896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58898,42312],{},[164,58900,58901],{},[394,58902,58903],{"href":58417},"What is a list in Python",[1872,58905,58906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":58908},[58909,58910,58912,58913,58914,58920,58926,58928,58936,58947],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":57310,"depth":75,"text":58911},"What list.count() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":37970,"depth":75,"text":37971},{"id":57632,"depth":75,"text":57633,"children":58915},[58916,58917,58919],{"id":57664,"depth":95,"text":57665},{"id":57763,"depth":95,"text":58918},"1 and True can match",{"id":57862,"depth":95,"text":57863},{"id":57940,"depth":75,"text":57941,"children":58921},[58922,58923,58924,58925],{"id":57944,"depth":95,"text":57945},{"id":58023,"depth":95,"text":58024},{"id":58120,"depth":95,"text":58121},{"id":58195,"depth":95,"text":58196},{"id":58296,"depth":75,"text":58927},"When to use count()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":58929},[58930,58931,58933,58934],{"id":58427,"depth":95,"text":58428},{"id":58516,"depth":95,"text":58932},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58603,"depth":95,"text":58604},{"id":58676,"depth":95,"text":58935},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":58937},[58938,58940,58941,58943,58945],{"id":58810,"depth":95,"text":58939},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58819,"depth":95,"text":58820},{"id":58827,"depth":95,"text":58942},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58836,"depth":95,"text":58944},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58849,"depth":95,"text":58946},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57205,"description":58948},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58955,"title":58956,"body":58957,"description":60918,"extension":1921,"meta":60919,"navigation":98,"path":60920,"seo":60921,"stem":60922,"__hash__":60923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58958,"toc":60881},[58959,58962,58965,58967,59095,59099,59180,59191,59193,59212,59216,59219,59222,59240,59242,59285,59289,59314,59323,59327,59332,59335,59452,59456,59525,59529,59541,59545,59548,59589,59593,59606,59609,59694,59698,59731,59738,59744,59749,59751,59763,59767,59800,59804,59836,59840,59877,59881,59901,59905,59938,59942,59971,59982,59986,59989,59992,60005,60062,60066,60105,60111,60114,60116,60119,60123,60126,60151,60153,60178,60185,60188,60233,60237,60256,60259,60298,60305,60310,60344,60348,60449,60456,60489,60493,60518,60522,60525,60563,60566,60603,60607,60610,60629,60633,60694,60696,60714,60718,60721,60724,60753,60755,60759,60762,60770,60774,60777,60797,60803,60809,60813,60816,60823,60831,60833,60872,60878],[10,58960,58956],{"id":58961},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58963,58964],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58966,3570],{"id":3569},[35,58968,58970],{"className":37,"code":58969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58971,58972,58992,59024,59032,59050,59054,59064,59074,59085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58973,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58975,51],{"class":50},[44,58977,55],{"class":54},[44,58979,59],{"class":58},[44,58981,63],{"class":62},[44,58983,66],{"class":58},[44,58985,69],{"class":62},[44,58987,66],{"class":58},[44,58989,2408],{"class":62},[44,58991,72],{"class":58},[44,58993,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,58995,4948],{"class":50},[44,58997,55],{"class":54},[44,58999,59],{"class":58},[44,59001,273],{"class":272},[44,59003,12830],{"class":276},[44,59005,273],{"class":272},[44,59007,66],{"class":58},[44,59009,284],{"class":272},[44,59011,35893],{"class":276},[44,59013,273],{"class":272},[44,59015,66],{"class":58},[44,59017,284],{"class":272},[44,59019,35902],{"class":276},[44,59021,273],{"class":272},[44,59023,72],{"class":58},[44,59025,59026,59028,59030],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59027,55857],{"class":50},[44,59029,55],{"class":54},[44,59031,7786],{"class":58},[44,59033,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046,59048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59035,672],{"class":50},[44,59037,55],{"class":54},[44,59039,22510],{"class":1458},[44,59041,115],{"class":58},[44,59043,273],{"class":272},[44,59045,41512],{"class":276},[44,59047,273],{"class":272},[44,59049,121],{"class":58},[44,59051,59052],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,59053,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59055,59056,59058,59060,59062],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,59057,128],{"class":127},[44,59059,115],{"class":58},[44,59061,105],{"class":111},[44,59063,121],{"class":58},[44,59065,59066,59068,59070,59072],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,59067,128],{"class":127},[44,59069,115],{"class":58},[44,59071,4992],{"class":111},[44,59073,121],{"class":58},[44,59075,59076,59078,59080,59083],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,59077,128],{"class":127},[44,59079,115],{"class":58},[44,59081,59082],{"class":111},"empty_list",[44,59084,121],{"class":58},[44,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,59088,128],{"class":127},[44,59090,115],{"class":58},[44,59092,689],{"class":111},[44,59094,121],{"class":58},[20,59096,59097],{},[214,59098,2028],{},[35,59100,59102],{"className":37,"code":59101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59103,59104,59120,59148,59152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59105,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59107,3856],{"class":58},[44,59109,63],{"class":62},[44,59111,66],{"class":58},[44,59113,69],{"class":62},[44,59115,66],{"class":58},[44,59117,2408],{"class":62},[44,59119,72],{"class":58},[44,59121,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59123,3856],{"class":58},[44,59125,3259],{"class":272},[44,59127,12830],{"class":276},[44,59129,3259],{"class":272},[44,59131,66],{"class":58},[44,59133,3254],{"class":272},[44,59135,35893],{"class":276},[44,59137,3259],{"class":272},[44,59139,66],{"class":58},[44,59141,3254],{"class":272},[44,59143,35902],{"class":276},[44,59145,3259],{"class":272},[44,59147,72],{"class":58},[44,59149,59150],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59151,38248],{"class":58},[44,59153,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59155,3856],{"class":58},[44,59157,3259],{"class":272},[44,59159,394],{"class":276},[44,59161,3259],{"class":272},[44,59163,66],{"class":58},[44,59165,3254],{"class":272},[44,59167,4714],{"class":276},[44,59169,3259],{"class":272},[44,59171,66],{"class":58},[44,59173,3254],{"class":272},[44,59175,9689],{"class":276},[44,59177,3259],{"class":272},[44,59179,72],{"class":58},[20,59181,59182,59183,59185,59186,59188,59189,108],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59184,3744],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59187,24731],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59190,36149],{},[30,59192,15111],{"id":15110},[161,59194,59195,59198,59201,59204,59209],{},[164,59196,59197],{},"What a list is in Python",[164,59199,59200],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[164,59202,59203],{},"How to create an empty list",[164,59205,59206,59207,2259],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59208,24731],{},[164,59210,59211],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,59213,59215],{"id":59214},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59217,59218],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59220,59221],{},"This means:",[161,59223,59224,59227,59230,59233],{},[164,59225,59226],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[164,59228,59229],{},"The order of items is kept",[164,59231,59232],{},"A list can hold different data types",[164,59234,59235,59236,59239],{},"A list is ",[214,59237,59238],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59241,2164],{},[35,59243,59245],{"className":37,"code":59244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59246,59247,59271,59275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59248,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59250,818],{"class":50},[44,59252,55],{"class":54},[44,59254,59],{"class":58},[44,59256,273],{"class":272},[44,59258,277],{"class":276},[44,59260,273],{"class":272},[44,59262,66],{"class":58},[44,59264,5956],{"class":62},[44,59266,66],{"class":58},[44,59268,3872],{"class":1582},[44,59270,72],{"class":58},[44,59272,59273],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59274,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59276,59277,59279,59281,59283],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59278,128],{"class":127},[44,59280,115],{"class":58},[44,59282,835],{"class":111},[44,59284,121],{"class":58},[20,59286,59287],{},[214,59288,2028],{},[35,59290,59292],{"className":37,"code":59291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59293,59294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59295,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59297,3856],{"class":58},[44,59299,3259],{"class":272},[44,59301,277],{"class":276},[44,59303,3259],{"class":272},[44,59305,66],{"class":58},[44,59307,5956],{"class":62},[44,59309,66],{"class":58},[44,59311,3872],{"class":1582},[44,59313,72],{"class":58},[20,59315,59316,59317,2837,59320,108],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[394,59318,59319],{"href":396},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[394,59321,59322],{"href":58417},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59324,59326],{"id":59325},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59328,59182,59329,59331],{},[15,59330,3744],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59333,59334],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59336,59338],{"className":37,"code":59337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59339,59340,59360,59392,59417,59421,59431,59441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59343,51],{"class":50},[44,59345,55],{"class":54},[44,59347,59],{"class":58},[44,59349,63],{"class":62},[44,59351,66],{"class":58},[44,59353,69],{"class":62},[44,59355,66],{"class":58},[44,59357,2408],{"class":62},[44,59359,72],{"class":58},[44,59361,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59363,4948],{"class":50},[44,59365,55],{"class":54},[44,59367,59],{"class":58},[44,59369,273],{"class":272},[44,59371,12830],{"class":276},[44,59373,273],{"class":272},[44,59375,66],{"class":58},[44,59377,284],{"class":272},[44,59379,35893],{"class":276},[44,59381,273],{"class":272},[44,59383,66],{"class":58},[44,59385,284],{"class":272},[44,59387,35902],{"class":276},[44,59389,273],{"class":272},[44,59391,72],{"class":58},[44,59393,59394,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59395,59396],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59398,55],{"class":54},[44,59400,59],{"class":58},[44,59402,2287],{"class":62},[44,59404,66],{"class":58},[44,59406,284],{"class":272},[44,59408,1262],{"class":276},[44,59410,273],{"class":272},[44,59412,66],{"class":58},[44,59414,3863],{"class":1582},[44,59416,72],{"class":58},[44,59418,59419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59420,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59422,59423,59425,59427,59429],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,59424,128],{"class":127},[44,59426,115],{"class":58},[44,59428,105],{"class":111},[44,59430,121],{"class":58},[44,59432,59433,59435,59437,59439],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,59434,128],{"class":127},[44,59436,115],{"class":58},[44,59438,4992],{"class":111},[44,59440,121],{"class":58},[44,59442,59443,59445,59447,59450],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,59444,128],{"class":127},[44,59446,115],{"class":58},[44,59448,59449],{"class":111},"mixed",[44,59451,121],{"class":58},[20,59453,59454],{},[214,59455,2028],{},[35,59457,59459],{"className":37,"code":59458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59460,59461,59477,59505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59462,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59464,3856],{"class":58},[44,59466,63],{"class":62},[44,59468,66],{"class":58},[44,59470,69],{"class":62},[44,59472,66],{"class":58},[44,59474,2408],{"class":62},[44,59476,72],{"class":58},[44,59478,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59480,3856],{"class":58},[44,59482,3259],{"class":272},[44,59484,12830],{"class":276},[44,59486,3259],{"class":272},[44,59488,66],{"class":58},[44,59490,3254],{"class":272},[44,59492,35893],{"class":276},[44,59494,3259],{"class":272},[44,59496,66],{"class":58},[44,59498,3254],{"class":272},[44,59500,35902],{"class":276},[44,59502,3259],{"class":272},[44,59504,72],{"class":58},[44,59506,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59508,3856],{"class":58},[44,59510,2287],{"class":62},[44,59512,66],{"class":58},[44,59514,3254],{"class":272},[44,59516,1262],{"class":276},[44,59518,3259],{"class":272},[44,59520,66],{"class":58},[44,59522,3863],{"class":1582},[44,59524,72],{"class":58},[420,59526,59528],{"id":59527},"key-points","Key points",[161,59530,59531,59536,59538],{},[164,59532,144,59533,59535],{},[15,59534,3744],{}," to make a new list",[164,59537,15381],{},[164,59539,59540],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59542,59544],{"id":59543},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59546,59547],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59549,59551],{"className":37,"code":59550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59552,59553,59561,59565,59575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59554,59555,59557,59559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59556,1523],{"class":50},[44,59558,55],{"class":54},[44,59560,7786],{"class":58},[44,59562,59563],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59564,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59566,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59568,128],{"class":127},[44,59570,115],{"class":58},[44,59572,1447],{"class":111},[44,59574,121],{"class":58},[44,59576,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59578,128],{"class":127},[44,59580,115],{"class":58},[44,59582,11112],{"class":127},[44,59584,115],{"class":58},[44,59586,1447],{"class":111},[44,59588,637],{"class":58},[20,59590,59591],{},[214,59592,2028],{},[35,59594,59596],{"className":37,"code":59595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59597,59598,59602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59599,59600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59601,38248],{"class":58},[44,59603,59604],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59605,47203],{"class":62},[20,59607,59608],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59610,59612],{"className":37,"code":59611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59613,59614,59622,59626,59644,59662,59680,59684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59615,59616,59618,59620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59617,4948],{"class":50},[44,59619,55],{"class":54},[44,59621,7786],{"class":58},[44,59623,59624],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59625,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59627,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,59629,4992],{"class":50},[44,59631,108],{"class":58},[44,59633,520],{"class":111},[44,59635,115],{"class":58},[44,59637,273],{"class":272},[44,59639,12830],{"class":276},[44,59641,273],{"class":272},[44,59643,121],{"class":58},[44,59645,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59647,4992],{"class":50},[44,59649,108],{"class":58},[44,59651,520],{"class":111},[44,59653,115],{"class":58},[44,59655,273],{"class":272},[44,59657,35893],{"class":276},[44,59659,273],{"class":272},[44,59661,121],{"class":58},[44,59663,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,59665,4992],{"class":50},[44,59667,108],{"class":58},[44,59669,520],{"class":111},[44,59671,115],{"class":58},[44,59673,273],{"class":272},[44,59675,35902],{"class":276},[44,59677,273],{"class":272},[44,59679,121],{"class":58},[44,59681,59682],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,59683,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,59685,59686,59688,59690,59692],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,59687,128],{"class":127},[44,59689,115],{"class":58},[44,59691,4992],{"class":111},[44,59693,121],{"class":58},[20,59695,59696],{},[214,59697,2028],{},[35,59699,59701],{"className":37,"code":59700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59702,59703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59704,59705,59707,59709,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59706,3856],{"class":58},[44,59708,3259],{"class":272},[44,59710,12830],{"class":276},[44,59712,3259],{"class":272},[44,59714,66],{"class":58},[44,59716,3254],{"class":272},[44,59718,35893],{"class":276},[44,59720,3259],{"class":272},[44,59722,66],{"class":58},[44,59724,3254],{"class":272},[44,59726,35902],{"class":276},[44,59728,3259],{"class":272},[44,59730,72],{"class":58},[20,59732,59733,59734,108],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[394,59735,59736,574],{"href":570},[15,59737,411],{},[30,59739,59741,59742],{"id":59740},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59743,24731],{},[20,59745,144,59746,59748],{},[15,59747,24731],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59750,5410],{},[161,59752,59753,59755,59757,59759],{},[164,59754,5263],{},[164,59756,5257],{},[164,59758,5260],{},[164,59760,59761],{},[15,59762,36149],{},[420,59764,59766],{"id":59765},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59768,59770],{"className":37,"code":59769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59771,59772,59790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59773,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784,59786,59788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59775,672],{"class":50},[44,59777,55],{"class":54},[44,59779,22510],{"class":1458},[44,59781,115],{"class":58},[44,59783,273],{"class":272},[44,59785,41512],{"class":276},[44,59787,273],{"class":272},[44,59789,121],{"class":58},[44,59791,59792,59794,59796,59798],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59793,128],{"class":127},[44,59795,115],{"class":58},[44,59797,689],{"class":111},[44,59799,121],{"class":58},[20,59801,59802],{},[214,59803,2028],{},[35,59805,59806],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59807,59808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59809,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59811,3856],{"class":58},[44,59813,3259],{"class":272},[44,59815,394],{"class":276},[44,59817,3259],{"class":272},[44,59819,66],{"class":58},[44,59821,3254],{"class":272},[44,59823,4714],{"class":276},[44,59825,3259],{"class":272},[44,59827,66],{"class":58},[44,59829,3254],{"class":272},[44,59831,9689],{"class":276},[44,59833,3259],{"class":272},[44,59835,72],{"class":58},[420,59837,59839],{"id":59838},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59841,59843],{"className":37,"code":59842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59844,59845,59867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59846,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59848,51],{"class":50},[44,59850,55],{"class":54},[44,59852,22510],{"class":1458},[44,59854,628],{"class":58},[44,59856,63],{"class":62},[44,59858,66],{"class":58},[44,59860,69],{"class":62},[44,59862,66],{"class":58},[44,59864,2408],{"class":62},[44,59866,637],{"class":58},[44,59868,59869,59871,59873,59875],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59870,128],{"class":127},[44,59872,115],{"class":58},[44,59874,105],{"class":111},[44,59876,121],{"class":58},[20,59878,59879],{},[214,59880,2028],{},[35,59882,59883],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59884,59885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59886,59887,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59888,3856],{"class":58},[44,59890,63],{"class":62},[44,59892,66],{"class":58},[44,59894,69],{"class":62},[44,59896,66],{"class":58},[44,59898,2408],{"class":62},[44,59900,72],{"class":58},[420,59902,59904],{"id":59903},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59906,59908],{"className":37,"code":59907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59909,59910,59928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59911,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59913,604],{"class":50},[44,59915,55],{"class":54},[44,59917,22510],{"class":1458},[44,59919,115],{"class":58},[44,59921,246],{"class":127},[44,59923,115],{"class":58},[44,59925,1410],{"class":62},[44,59927,637],{"class":58},[44,59929,59930,59932,59934,59936],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,59931,128],{"class":127},[44,59933,115],{"class":58},[44,59935,621],{"class":111},[44,59937,121],{"class":58},[20,59939,59940],{},[214,59941,2028],{},[35,59943,59945],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59946,59947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965,59967,59969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59950,3856],{"class":58},[44,59952,746],{"class":62},[44,59954,66],{"class":58},[44,59956,5450],{"class":62},[44,59958,66],{"class":58},[44,59960,69],{"class":62},[44,59962,66],{"class":58},[44,59964,2408],{"class":62},[44,59966,66],{"class":58},[44,59968,90],{"class":62},[44,59970,72],{"class":58},[20,59972,59973,59975,59976,108],{},[15,59974,24731],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[394,59977,59979,59981],{"href":59978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59980,24731],{},": Function Explained",[30,59983,59985],{"id":59984},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59987,59988],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59990,59991],{},"Examples include:",[161,59993,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002],{},[164,59995,5263],{},[164,59997,40375],{},[164,59999,51995],{},[164,60001,40545],{},[164,60003,60004],{},"other lists",[35,60006,60008],{"className":37,"code":60007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60009,60010,60048,60052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60011,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60013,9114],{"class":50},[44,60015,55],{"class":54},[44,60017,59],{"class":58},[44,60019,273],{"class":272},[44,60021,12830],{"class":276},[44,60023,273],{"class":272},[44,60025,66],{"class":58},[44,60027,9255],{"class":62},[44,60029,66],{"class":58},[44,60031,3872],{"class":1582},[44,60033,66],{"class":58},[44,60035,59],{"class":58},[44,60037,63],{"class":62},[44,60039,66],{"class":58},[44,60041,69],{"class":62},[44,60043,66],{"class":58},[44,60045,2408],{"class":62},[44,60047,53186],{"class":58},[44,60049,60050],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60051,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,60053,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,60055,128],{"class":127},[44,60057,115],{"class":58},[44,60059,9153],{"class":111},[44,60061,121],{"class":58},[20,60063,60064],{},[214,60065,2028],{},[35,60067,60069],{"className":37,"code":60068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60070,60071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60072,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60074,3856],{"class":58},[44,60076,3259],{"class":272},[44,60078,12830],{"class":276},[44,60080,3259],{"class":272},[44,60082,66],{"class":58},[44,60084,9255],{"class":62},[44,60086,66],{"class":58},[44,60088,3872],{"class":1582},[44,60090,66],{"class":58},[44,60092,59],{"class":58},[44,60094,63],{"class":62},[44,60096,66],{"class":58},[44,60098,69],{"class":62},[44,60100,66],{"class":58},[44,60102,2408],{"class":62},[44,60104,53186],{"class":58},[20,60106,60107,60108,108],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[214,60109,60110],{},"nested list",[20,60112,60113],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,60115,1083],{"id":1082},[20,60117,60118],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[420,60120,60122],{"id":60121},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60124,60125],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,60127,60129],{"className":37,"code":60128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60130,60131,60135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60132,60133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60134,4487],{"class":140},[44,60136,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60138,51],{"class":50},[44,60140,55],{"class":54},[44,60142,59],{"class":58},[44,60144,63],{"class":62},[44,60146,69],{"class":62},[44,60148,2408],{"class":62},[44,60150,72],{"class":58},[20,60152,10757],{},[35,60154,60156],{"className":37,"code":60155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60157,60158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60159,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60161,51],{"class":50},[44,60163,55],{"class":54},[44,60165,59],{"class":58},[44,60167,63],{"class":62},[44,60169,66],{"class":58},[44,60171,69],{"class":62},[44,60173,66],{"class":58},[44,60175,2408],{"class":62},[44,60177,72],{"class":58},[420,60179,582,60181,11042,60183],{"id":60180},"using-instead-of",[15,60182,7313],{},[15,60184,3744],{},[20,60186,60187],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,60189,60191],{"className":37,"code":60190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60192,60193,60214,60218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60194,60195,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206,60208,60210,60212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60196,60197],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,60199,55],{"class":54},[44,60201,9185],{"class":58},[44,60203,63],{"class":62},[44,60205,66],{"class":58},[44,60207,69],{"class":62},[44,60209,66],{"class":58},[44,60211,2408],{"class":62},[44,60213,121],{"class":58},[44,60215,60216],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60217,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,60219,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60231],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,60221,128],{"class":127},[44,60223,115],{"class":58},[44,60225,1459],{"class":1458},[44,60227,115],{"class":58},[44,60229,60230],{"class":111},"my_values",[44,60232,637],{"class":58},[20,60234,60235],{},[214,60236,2028],{},[35,60238,60240],{"className":37,"code":60239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60241,60242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60243,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60245,3248],{"class":54},[44,60247,3251],{"class":2022},[44,60249,3254],{"class":272},[44,60251,231],{"class":276},[44,60253,3259],{"class":272},[44,60255,3262],{"class":54},[20,60257,60258],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60260,60262],{"className":37,"code":60261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60263,60264,60284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60265,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60267,60197],{"class":50},[44,60269,55],{"class":54},[44,60271,59],{"class":58},[44,60273,63],{"class":62},[44,60275,66],{"class":58},[44,60277,69],{"class":62},[44,60279,66],{"class":58},[44,60281,2408],{"class":62},[44,60283,72],{"class":58},[44,60285,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60287,128],{"class":127},[44,60289,115],{"class":58},[44,60291,1459],{"class":1458},[44,60293,115],{"class":58},[44,60295,60230],{"class":111},[44,60297,637],{"class":58},[420,60299,8399,60301,60304],{"id":60300},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60302,60303],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60306,60307,60309],{},[15,60308,24731],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60311,60313],{"className":37,"code":60312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60314,60315,60334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60316,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60330,60332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60318,911],{"class":50},[44,60320,55],{"class":54},[44,60322,22510],{"class":1458},[44,60324,115],{"class":58},[44,60326,273],{"class":272},[44,60328,60329],{"class":276},"hello world",[44,60331,273],{"class":272},[44,60333,121],{"class":58},[44,60335,60336,60338,60340,60342],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60337,128],{"class":127},[44,60339,115],{"class":58},[44,60341,943],{"class":111},[44,60343,121],{"class":58},[20,60345,60346],{},[214,60347,2028],{},[35,60349,60351],{"className":37,"code":60350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60352,60353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60354,60355,60357,60359,60362,60364,60366,60368,60371,60373,60375,60377,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60422,60424,60426,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60356,3856],{"class":58},[44,60358,3259],{"class":272},[44,60360,60361],{"class":276},"h",[44,60363,3259],{"class":272},[44,60365,66],{"class":58},[44,60367,3254],{"class":272},[44,60369,60370],{"class":276},"e",[44,60372,3259],{"class":272},[44,60374,66],{"class":58},[44,60376,3254],{"class":272},[44,60378,60379],{"class":276},"l",[44,60381,3259],{"class":272},[44,60383,66],{"class":58},[44,60385,3254],{"class":272},[44,60387,60379],{"class":276},[44,60389,3259],{"class":272},[44,60391,66],{"class":58},[44,60393,3254],{"class":272},[44,60395,60396],{"class":276},"o",[44,60398,3259],{"class":272},[44,60400,66],{"class":58},[44,60402,3254],{"class":272},[44,60404,3254],{"class":272},[44,60406,66],{"class":58},[44,60408,3254],{"class":272},[44,60410,60411],{"class":276},"w",[44,60413,3259],{"class":272},[44,60415,66],{"class":58},[44,60417,3254],{"class":272},[44,60419,60396],{"class":276},[44,60421,3259],{"class":272},[44,60423,66],{"class":58},[44,60425,3254],{"class":272},[44,60427,60428],{"class":276},"r",[44,60430,3259],{"class":272},[44,60432,66],{"class":58},[44,60434,3254],{"class":272},[44,60436,60379],{"class":276},[44,60438,3259],{"class":272},[44,60440,66],{"class":58},[44,60442,3254],{"class":272},[44,60444,18717],{"class":276},[44,60446,3259],{"class":272},[44,60448,72],{"class":58},[20,60450,60451,60452,60455],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60453,60454],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60457,60459],{"className":37,"code":60458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60460,60461,60479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60462,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60464,1253],{"class":50},[44,60466,55],{"class":54},[44,60468,284],{"class":272},[44,60470,60329],{"class":276},[44,60472,273],{"class":272},[44,60474,108],{"class":58},[44,60476,34419],{"class":111},[44,60478,8590],{"class":58},[44,60480,60481,60483,60485,60487],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60482,128],{"class":127},[44,60484,115],{"class":58},[44,60486,1271],{"class":111},[44,60488,121],{"class":58},[20,60490,60491],{},[214,60492,2028],{},[35,60494,60496],{"className":37,"code":60495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60497,60498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60499,60500,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514,60516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60501,3856],{"class":58},[44,60503,3259],{"class":272},[44,60505,1262],{"class":276},[44,60507,3259],{"class":272},[44,60509,66],{"class":58},[44,60511,3254],{"class":272},[44,60513,1282],{"class":276},[44,60515,3259],{"class":272},[44,60517,72],{"class":58},[420,60519,60521],{"id":60520},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60523,60524],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60526,60528],{"className":37,"code":60527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60529,60530,60534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60531,60532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60533,4487],{"class":140},[44,60535,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60555,60557,60559,60561],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60537,4948],{"class":50},[44,60539,55],{"class":54},[44,60541,59],{"class":58},[44,60543,273],{"class":272},[44,60545,12830],{"class":276},[44,60547,273],{"class":272},[44,60549,66],{"class":58},[44,60551,284],{"class":272},[44,60553,60554],{"class":276},"Ben', ",[44,60556,273],{"class":272},[44,60558,35902],{"class":50},[44,60560,273],{"class":272},[44,60562,72],{"class":276},[20,60564,60565],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60567,60569],{"className":37,"code":60568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60570,60571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60572,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60574,4948],{"class":50},[44,60576,55],{"class":54},[44,60578,59],{"class":58},[44,60580,273],{"class":272},[44,60582,12830],{"class":276},[44,60584,273],{"class":272},[44,60586,66],{"class":58},[44,60588,284],{"class":272},[44,60590,35893],{"class":276},[44,60592,273],{"class":272},[44,60594,66],{"class":58},[44,60596,284],{"class":272},[44,60598,35902],{"class":276},[44,60600,273],{"class":272},[44,60602,72],{"class":58},[420,60604,60606],{"id":60605},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60608,60609],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[161,60611,60612,60615,60618,60623],{},[164,60613,60614],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[164,60616,60617],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[164,60619,60620,60621],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60622,24731],{},[164,60624,8399,60625,60628],{},[15,60626,60627],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[420,60630,60632],{"id":60631},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60634,60636],{"className":37,"code":60635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60637,60638,60648,60662,60676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60639,60640,60642,60644,60646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60641,128],{"class":127},[44,60643,115],{"class":58},[44,60645,1447],{"class":111},[44,60647,121],{"class":58},[44,60649,60650,60652,60654,60656,60658,60660],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,60651,128],{"class":127},[44,60653,115],{"class":58},[44,60655,1459],{"class":1458},[44,60657,115],{"class":58},[44,60659,1447],{"class":111},[44,60661,637],{"class":58},[44,60663,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,60665,128],{"class":127},[44,60667,115],{"class":58},[44,60669,11112],{"class":127},[44,60671,115],{"class":58},[44,60673,1447],{"class":111},[44,60675,637],{"class":58},[44,60677,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60679,128],{"class":127},[44,60681,115],{"class":58},[44,60683,226],{"class":1458},[44,60685,115],{"class":58},[44,60687,246],{"class":127},[44,60689,115],{"class":58},[44,60691,1410],{"class":62},[44,60693,2871],{"class":58},[20,60695,25959],{},[161,60697,60698,60701,60704,60707],{},[164,60699,60700],{},"what the list contains",[164,60702,60703],{},"whether the value is really a list",[164,60705,60706],{},"how many items it has",[164,60708,25970,60709,60711,60712],{},[15,60710,24731],{}," does with ",[15,60713,36149],{},[30,60715,60717],{"id":60716},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60719,60720],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60722,60723],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[161,60725,60726,60741,60746],{},[164,60727,144,60728,798,60732,802,60736,60740],{},[394,60729,60730],{"href":570},[15,60731,411],{},[394,60733,60734],{"href":53288},[15,60735,17],{},[394,60737,60738],{"href":1750},[15,60739,1753],{}," to add items later",[164,60742,144,60743,60745],{},[394,60744,59319],{"href":396}," for a broader introduction",[164,60747,144,60748,60752],{},[394,60749,60750,59981],{"href":59978},[15,60751,24731],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60754,1757],{"id":1756},[420,60756,60758],{"id":60757},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60760,60761],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60763,60764],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60765,60766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60767,60768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60769,38248],{"class":58},[420,60771,60773],{"id":60772},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60775,60776],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60778,60779],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60780,60781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60784,3856],{"class":58},[44,60786,63],{"class":62},[44,60788,66],{"class":58},[44,60790,69],{"class":62},[44,60792,66],{"class":58},[44,60794,2408],{"class":62},[44,60796,72],{"class":58},[420,60798,5096,60800,60802],{"id":60799},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60801,24731],{}," do in Python?",[20,60804,60805,60806,60808],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60807,36149],{},", into a list.",[420,60810,60812],{"id":60811},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60814,60815],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[420,60817,1773,60819,398,60821,1778],{"id":60818},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60820,3744],{},[15,60822,7313],{},[20,60824,60825,60827,60828,60830],{},[15,60826,3744],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60829,7313],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60832,1821],{"id":1820},[161,60834,60835,60839,60845,60851,60857,60863,60867],{},[164,60836,60837],{},[394,60838,59319],{"href":396},[164,60840,60841],{},[394,60842,571,60843,18],{"href":570},[15,60844,411],{},[164,60846,60847],{},[394,60848,571,60849,18],{"href":53288},[15,60850,17],{},[164,60852,60853],{},[394,60854,571,60855,18],{"href":1750},[15,60856,1753],{},[164,60858,60859],{},[394,60860,3536,60861,3540],{"href":59978},[15,60862,24731],{},[164,60864,60865],{},[394,60866,59322],{"href":58417},[164,60868,60869],{},[394,60870,60871],{"href":12015},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60873,60874,60875,60877],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60876,411],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1872,60879,60880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":60882},[60883,60884,60885,60886,60889,60890,60896,60897,60907,60908,60917],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":59214,"depth":75,"text":59215},{"id":59325,"depth":75,"text":59326,"children":60887},[60888],{"id":59527,"depth":95,"text":59528},{"id":59543,"depth":75,"text":59544},{"id":59740,"depth":75,"text":60891,"children":60892},"Create a list with list()",[60893,60894,60895],{"id":59765,"depth":95,"text":59766},{"id":59838,"depth":95,"text":59839},{"id":59903,"depth":95,"text":59904},{"id":59984,"depth":75,"text":59985},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":60898},[60899,60900,60902,60904,60905,60906],{"id":60121,"depth":95,"text":60122},{"id":60180,"depth":95,"text":60901},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60300,"depth":95,"text":60903},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of 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list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62521,"toc":64574},[62522,62525,62530,62536,62547,62553,62555,62624,62626,62675,62683,62687,62692,62695,62706,62711,62713,62715,62736,62749,62752,62765,62767,62772,62797,62799,62807,62810,62879,62881,62905,62911,62915,62919,62955,62957,62977,62984,62988,63021,63023,63057,63062,63066,63099,63101,63129,63137,63141,63178,63180,63201,63204,63208,63277,63279,63303,63309,63316,63320,63323,63325,63339,63342,63366,63368,63393,63396,63415,63417,63443,63452,63456,63463,63540,63542,63583,63589,63595,63686,63688,63744,63747,63752,63756,63761,63765,63824,63826,63851,63855,63918,63920,63945,63949,64012,64014,64057,64060,64064,64068,64090,64094,64176,64178,64213,64221,64223,64227,64231,64233,64260,64265,64267,64294,64301,64304,64327,64329,64378,64381,64384,64403,64407,64410,64461,64464,64470,64474,64479,64482,64484,64490,64499,64503,64509,64513,64516,64520,64523,64527,64533,64535,64571],[10,62523,62519],{"id":62524},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62526,9071,62527,62529],{},[15,62528,24731],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62531,62532,62533,62535],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62534,24731],{}," for two main reasons:",[161,62537,62538,62541],{},[164,62539,62540],{},"to make an empty list",[164,62542,62543,62544,62546],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62545,246],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62548,62549,62550,62552],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62551,24731],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62554,33],{"id":32},[35,62556,62558],{"className":37,"code":62557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62559,62560,62582,62600,62604,62614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62561,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574,62576,62578,62580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62563,51],{"class":50},[44,62565,55],{"class":54},[44,62567,22510],{"class":1458},[44,62569,628],{"class":58},[44,62571,63],{"class":62},[44,62573,66],{"class":58},[44,62575,69],{"class":62},[44,62577,66],{"class":58},[44,62579,2408],{"class":62},[44,62581,637],{"class":58},[44,62583,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62585,672],{"class":50},[44,62587,55],{"class":54},[44,62589,22510],{"class":1458},[44,62591,115],{"class":58},[44,62593,273],{"class":272},[44,62595,41512],{"class":276},[44,62597,273],{"class":272},[44,62599,121],{"class":58},[44,62601,62602],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,62603,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,62605,62606,62608,62610,62612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62607,128],{"class":127},[44,62609,115],{"class":58},[44,62611,105],{"class":111},[44,62613,121],{"class":58},[44,62615,62616,62618,62620,62622],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,62617,128],{"class":127},[44,62619,115],{"class":58},[44,62621,689],{"class":111},[44,62623,121],{"class":58},[20,62625,2028],{},[35,62627,62629],{"className":37,"code":62628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62630,62631,62647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62632,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62634,3856],{"class":58},[44,62636,63],{"class":62},[44,62638,66],{"class":58},[44,62640,69],{"class":62},[44,62642,66],{"class":58},[44,62644,2408],{"class":62},[44,62646,72],{"class":58},[44,62648,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62650,3856],{"class":58},[44,62652,3259],{"class":272},[44,62654,394],{"class":276},[44,62656,3259],{"class":272},[44,62658,66],{"class":58},[44,62660,3254],{"class":272},[44,62662,4714],{"class":276},[44,62664,3259],{"class":272},[44,62666,66],{"class":58},[44,62668,3254],{"class":272},[44,62670,9689],{"class":276},[44,62672,3259],{"class":272},[44,62674,72],{"class":58},[20,62676,144,62677,62679,62680,62682],{},[15,62678,24731],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62681,246],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62684,62686],{"id":62685},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62688,62689,62691],{},[15,62690,24731],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62693,62694],{},"It can:",[161,62696,62697,62700,62703],{},[164,62698,62699],{},"create a new list object",[164,62701,62702],{},"make an empty list",[164,62704,62705],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62707,62708,62709,108],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[394,62710,397],{"href":396},[30,62712,188],{"id":187},[20,62714,26438],{},[35,62716,62718],{"className":37,"code":62717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62719,62720,62726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62721,62722,62724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62723,226],{"class":1458},[44,62725,8590],{"class":58},[44,62727,62728,62730,62732,62734],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62729,226],{"class":1458},[44,62731,115],{"class":58},[44,62733,207],{"class":111},[44,62735,121],{"class":58},[161,62737,62738,62743],{},[164,62739,62740,62742],{},[15,62741,24731],{}," makes an empty list",[164,62744,62745,62748],{},[15,62746,62747],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62750,62751],{},"Common iterable values include:",[161,62753,62754,62756,62758,62760,62763],{},[164,62755,5263],{},[164,62757,5257],{},[164,62759,5260],{},[164,62761,62762],{},"ranges",[164,62764,7198],{},[30,62766,59544],{"id":59543},[20,62768,144,62769,62771],{},[15,62770,24731],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62773,62775],{"className":37,"code":62774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62776,62777,62787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62778,62779,62781,62783,62785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62780,818],{"class":50},[44,62782,55],{"class":54},[44,62784,22510],{"class":1458},[44,62786,8590],{"class":58},[44,62788,62789,62791,62793,62795],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62790,128],{"class":127},[44,62792,115],{"class":58},[44,62794,835],{"class":111},[44,62796,121],{"class":58},[20,62798,2028],{},[35,62800,62801],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62802,62803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62804,62805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62806,38248],{"class":58},[20,62808,62809],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62811,62813],{"className":37,"code":62812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62814,62815,62825,62829,62847,62865,62869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62816,62817,62819,62821,62823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62818,818],{"class":50},[44,62820,55],{"class":54},[44,62822,22510],{"class":1458},[44,62824,8590],{"class":58},[44,62826,62827],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62828,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,62832,835],{"class":50},[44,62834,108],{"class":58},[44,62836,520],{"class":111},[44,62838,115],{"class":58},[44,62840,273],{"class":272},[44,62842,277],{"class":276},[44,62844,273],{"class":272},[44,62846,121],{"class":58},[44,62848,62849,62851,62853,62855,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62850,835],{"class":50},[44,62852,108],{"class":58},[44,62854,520],{"class":111},[44,62856,115],{"class":58},[44,62858,273],{"class":272},[44,62860,287],{"class":276},[44,62862,273],{"class":272},[44,62864,121],{"class":58},[44,62866,62867],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,62868,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,62870,62871,62873,62875,62877],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,62872,128],{"class":127},[44,62874,115],{"class":58},[44,62876,835],{"class":111},[44,62878,121],{"class":58},[20,62880,2028],{},[35,62882,62883],{"className":37,"code":38374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62884,62885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62886,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62888,3856],{"class":58},[44,62890,3259],{"class":272},[44,62892,277],{"class":276},[44,62894,3259],{"class":272},[44,62896,66],{"class":58},[44,62898,3254],{"class":272},[44,62900,287],{"class":276},[44,62902,3259],{"class":272},[44,62904,72],{"class":58},[20,62906,62907,62908,62910],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62909,3744],{},". Both are valid.",[30,62912,62914],{"id":62913},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[420,62916,62918],{"id":62917},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62920,62921],{"className":37,"code":59842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62922,62923,62945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62924,62925,62927,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62926,51],{"class":50},[44,62928,55],{"class":54},[44,62930,22510],{"class":1458},[44,62932,628],{"class":58},[44,62934,63],{"class":62},[44,62936,66],{"class":58},[44,62938,69],{"class":62},[44,62940,66],{"class":58},[44,62942,2408],{"class":62},[44,62944,637],{"class":58},[44,62946,62947,62949,62951,62953],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,62948,128],{"class":127},[44,62950,115],{"class":58},[44,62952,105],{"class":111},[44,62954,121],{"class":58},[20,62956,2028],{},[35,62958,62959],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62960,62961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62962,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62964,3856],{"class":58},[44,62966,63],{"class":62},[44,62968,66],{"class":58},[44,62970,69],{"class":62},[44,62972,66],{"class":58},[44,62974,2408],{"class":62},[44,62976,72],{"class":58},[20,62978,62979,62980,108],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[394,62981,62983],{"href":62982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[420,62985,62987],{"id":62986},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62989,62991],{"className":37,"code":62990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62992,62993,63011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62994,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62996,672],{"class":50},[44,62998,55],{"class":54},[44,63000,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63002,115],{"class":58},[44,63004,273],{"class":272},[44,63006,36997],{"class":276},[44,63008,273],{"class":272},[44,63010,121],{"class":58},[44,63012,63013,63015,63017,63019],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63014,128],{"class":127},[44,63016,115],{"class":58},[44,63018,689],{"class":111},[44,63020,121],{"class":58},[20,63022,2028],{},[35,63024,63026],{"className":37,"code":63025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63027,63028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042,63044,63046,63048,63050,63053,63055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63031,3856],{"class":58},[44,63033,3259],{"class":272},[44,63035,9689],{"class":276},[44,63037,3259],{"class":272},[44,63039,66],{"class":58},[44,63041,3254],{"class":272},[44,63043,394],{"class":276},[44,63045,3259],{"class":272},[44,63047,66],{"class":58},[44,63049,3254],{"class":272},[44,63051,63052],{"class":276},"t",[44,63054,3259],{"class":272},[44,63056,72],{"class":58},[20,63058,63059,63061],{},[15,63060,24731],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[420,63063,63065],{"id":63064},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,63067,63069],{"className":37,"code":63068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63070,63071,63089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63072,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63074,51],{"class":50},[44,63076,55],{"class":54},[44,63078,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63080,115],{"class":58},[44,63082,246],{"class":127},[44,63084,115],{"class":58},[44,63086,1410],{"class":62},[44,63088,637],{"class":58},[44,63090,63091,63093,63095,63097],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63092,128],{"class":127},[44,63094,115],{"class":58},[44,63096,105],{"class":111},[44,63098,121],{"class":58},[20,63100,2028],{},[35,63102,63103],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63104,63105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63106,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63108,3856],{"class":58},[44,63110,746],{"class":62},[44,63112,66],{"class":58},[44,63114,5450],{"class":62},[44,63116,66],{"class":58},[44,63118,69],{"class":62},[44,63120,66],{"class":58},[44,63122,2408],{"class":62},[44,63124,66],{"class":58},[44,63126,90],{"class":62},[44,63128,72],{"class":58},[20,63130,63131,63132,63136],{},"This is common when working with ",[394,63133,63134],{"href":36146},[15,63135,36149],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[420,63138,63140],{"id":63139},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63142,63144],{"className":37,"code":63143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63145,63146,63168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156,63158,63160,63162,63164,63166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63149,604],{"class":50},[44,63151,55],{"class":54},[44,63153,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63155,842],{"class":58},[44,63157,2287],{"class":62},[44,63159,66],{"class":58},[44,63161,7738],{"class":62},[44,63163,66],{"class":58},[44,63165,7743],{"class":62},[44,63167,851],{"class":58},[44,63169,63170,63172,63174,63176],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63171,128],{"class":127},[44,63173,115],{"class":58},[44,63175,621],{"class":111},[44,63177,121],{"class":58},[20,63179,16908],{},[35,63181,63183],{"className":37,"code":63182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63184,63185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63186,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197,63199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63188,3856],{"class":58},[44,63190,2287],{"class":62},[44,63192,66],{"class":58},[44,63194,7738],{"class":62},[44,63196,66],{"class":58},[44,63198,7743],{"class":62},[44,63200,72],{"class":58},[20,63202,63203],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[420,63205,63207],{"id":63206},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63209,63211],{"className":37,"code":63210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63212,63213,63249,63263,63267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63214,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63216,13155],{"class":50},[44,63218,55],{"class":54},[44,63220,10441],{"class":58},[44,63222,273],{"class":272},[44,63224,7616],{"class":276},[44,63226,273],{"class":272},[44,63228,159],{"class":58},[44,63230,284],{"class":272},[44,63232,12830],{"class":276},[44,63234,273],{"class":272},[44,63236,66],{"class":58},[44,63238,284],{"class":272},[44,63240,9248],{"class":276},[44,63242,273],{"class":272},[44,63244,159],{"class":58},[44,63246,9255],{"class":62},[44,63248,9258],{"class":58},[44,63250,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63252,911],{"class":50},[44,63254,55],{"class":54},[44,63256,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63258,115],{"class":58},[44,63260,17256],{"class":111},[44,63262,121],{"class":58},[44,63264,63265],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,63266,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,63268,63269,63271,63273,63275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63270,128],{"class":127},[44,63272,115],{"class":58},[44,63274,943],{"class":111},[44,63276,121],{"class":58},[20,63278,2028],{},[35,63280,63281],{"className":37,"code":25431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63282,63283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63284,63285,63287,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299,63301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63286,3856],{"class":58},[44,63288,3259],{"class":272},[44,63290,7616],{"class":276},[44,63292,3259],{"class":272},[44,63294,66],{"class":58},[44,63296,3254],{"class":272},[44,63298,9248],{"class":276},[44,63300,3259],{"class":272},[44,63302,72],{"class":58},[20,63304,63305,63306,63308],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63307,24731],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63310,63311,63312,108],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[394,63313,63315],{"href":63314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63317,63319],{"id":63318},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63321,63322],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63324,219],{},[161,63326,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335,63337],{},[164,63328,5254],{},[164,63330,5257],{},[164,63332,5263],{},[164,63334,5260],{},[164,63336,62762],{},[164,63338,7198],{},[20,63340,63341],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63343,63345],{"className":37,"code":63344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63346,63347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63348,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63362,63364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63350,128],{"class":127},[44,63352,115],{"class":58},[44,63354,226],{"class":1458},[44,63356,115],{"class":58},[44,63358,273],{"class":272},[44,63360,63361],{"class":276},"hi",[44,63363,273],{"class":272},[44,63365,637],{"class":58},[20,63367,2028],{},[35,63369,63371],{"className":37,"code":63370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63372,63373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63374,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63376,3856],{"class":58},[44,63378,3259],{"class":272},[44,63380,60361],{"class":276},[44,63382,3259],{"class":272},[44,63384,66],{"class":58},[44,63386,3254],{"class":272},[44,63388,36105],{"class":276},[44,63390,3259],{"class":272},[44,63392,72],{"class":58},[20,63394,63395],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63397,63399],{"className":37,"code":63398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63400,63401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63402,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63404,128],{"class":127},[44,63406,115],{"class":58},[44,63408,226],{"class":1458},[44,63410,115],{"class":58},[44,63412,1410],{"class":62},[44,63414,637],{"class":58},[20,63416,2028],{},[35,63418,63420],{"className":37,"code":63419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63421,63422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63423,63424,63426,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63425,1424],{"class":1458},[44,63427,159],{"class":58},[44,63429,3254],{"class":272},[44,63431,2145],{"class":276},[44,63433,3259],{"class":272},[44,63435,24568],{"class":1458},[44,63437,8044],{"class":54},[44,63439,8047],{"class":54},[44,63441,63442],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63444,63445,63446,63448,63449,108],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[394,63447,5090],{"href":5537},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[394,63450,63451],{"href":1428},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63453,63455],{"id":63454},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63457,63458,63459,63462],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63460,63461],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63464,63466],{"className":37,"code":63465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63467,63468,63488,63502,63506,63516,63526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63469,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63471,12036],{"class":50},[44,63473,55],{"class":54},[44,63475,59],{"class":58},[44,63477,63],{"class":62},[44,63479,66],{"class":58},[44,63481,69],{"class":62},[44,63483,66],{"class":58},[44,63485,2408],{"class":62},[44,63487,72],{"class":58},[44,63489,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63491,14260],{"class":50},[44,63493,55],{"class":54},[44,63495,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63497,115],{"class":58},[44,63499,12083],{"class":111},[44,63501,121],{"class":58},[44,63503,63504],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,63505,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63509,128],{"class":127},[44,63511,115],{"class":58},[44,63513,12083],{"class":111},[44,63515,121],{"class":58},[44,63517,63518,63520,63522,63524],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,63519,128],{"class":127},[44,63521,115],{"class":58},[44,63523,14279],{"class":111},[44,63525,121],{"class":58},[44,63527,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,63529,128],{"class":127},[44,63531,115],{"class":58},[44,63533,12036],{"class":111},[44,63535,12144],{"class":3832},[44,63537,14333],{"class":111},[44,63539,121],{"class":58},[20,63541,2028],{},[35,63543,63545],{"className":37,"code":63544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63546,63547,63563,63579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63548,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63550,3856],{"class":58},[44,63552,63],{"class":62},[44,63554,66],{"class":58},[44,63556,69],{"class":62},[44,63558,66],{"class":58},[44,63560,2408],{"class":62},[44,63562,72],{"class":58},[44,63564,63565,63567,63569,63571,63573,63575,63577],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63566,3856],{"class":58},[44,63568,63],{"class":62},[44,63570,66],{"class":58},[44,63572,69],{"class":62},[44,63574,66],{"class":58},[44,63576,2408],{"class":62},[44,63578,72],{"class":58},[44,63580,63581],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,63582,3997],{"class":1582},[20,63584,63585,63586,63588],{},"This means ",[15,63587,14279],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63590,63591,63592,63594],{},"However, this is only a ",[214,63593,12800],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63596,63598],{"className":37,"code":63597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63599,63600,63626,63640,63644,63662,63666,63676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63603,12036],{"class":50},[44,63605,55],{"class":54},[44,63607,56220],{"class":58},[44,63609,63],{"class":62},[44,63611,66],{"class":58},[44,63613,69],{"class":62},[44,63615,18012],{"class":58},[44,63617,59],{"class":58},[44,63619,85],{"class":62},[44,63621,66],{"class":58},[44,63623,90],{"class":62},[44,63625,53186],{"class":58},[44,63627,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63629,14260],{"class":50},[44,63631,55],{"class":54},[44,63633,22510],{"class":1458},[44,63635,115],{"class":58},[44,63637,12083],{"class":111},[44,63639,121],{"class":58},[44,63641,63642],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,63643,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,63645,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63647,14279],{"class":50},[44,63649,3856],{"class":58},[44,63651,746],{"class":62},[44,63653,13499],{"class":58},[44,63655,520],{"class":111},[44,63657,115],{"class":58},[44,63659,56273],{"class":62},[44,63661,121],{"class":58},[44,63663,63664],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,63665,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,63669,128],{"class":127},[44,63671,115],{"class":58},[44,63673,12083],{"class":111},[44,63675,121],{"class":58},[44,63677,63678,63680,63682,63684],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,63679,128],{"class":127},[44,63681,115],{"class":58},[44,63683,14279],{"class":111},[44,63685,121],{"class":58},[20,63687,2028],{},[35,63689,63690],{"className":37,"code":56304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63691,63692,63718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63693,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63695,56311],{"class":58},[44,63697,63],{"class":62},[44,63699,66],{"class":58},[44,63701,69],{"class":62},[44,63703,66],{"class":58},[44,63705,10147],{"class":62},[44,63707,18012],{"class":58},[44,63709,59],{"class":58},[44,63711,85],{"class":62},[44,63713,66],{"class":58},[44,63715,90],{"class":62},[44,63717,53186],{"class":58},[44,63719,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63721,56311],{"class":58},[44,63723,63],{"class":62},[44,63725,66],{"class":58},[44,63727,69],{"class":62},[44,63729,66],{"class":58},[44,63731,10147],{"class":62},[44,63733,18012],{"class":58},[44,63735,59],{"class":58},[44,63737,85],{"class":62},[44,63739,66],{"class":58},[44,63741,90],{"class":62},[44,63743,53186],{"class":58},[20,63745,63746],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63748,63749,63750,108],{},"For more on this, see ",[394,63751,13739],{"href":13738},[30,63753,63755],{"id":63754},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63757,63758,63759,108],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63760,24731],{},[420,63762,63764],{"id":63763},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63766,63768],{"className":37,"code":63767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63769,63770,63810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63771,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63773,12813],{"class":50},[44,63775,55],{"class":54},[44,63777,10441],{"class":58},[44,63779,273],{"class":272},[44,63781,7616],{"class":276},[44,63783,273],{"class":272},[44,63785,159],{"class":58},[44,63787,284],{"class":272},[44,63789,7869],{"class":276},[44,63791,273],{"class":272},[44,63793,66],{"class":58},[44,63795,284],{"class":272},[44,63797,19841],{"class":276},[44,63799,273],{"class":272},[44,63801,159],{"class":58},[44,63803,284],{"class":272},[44,63805,22196],{"class":276},[44,63807,273],{"class":272},[44,63809,9258],{"class":58},[44,63811,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63813,128],{"class":127},[44,63815,115],{"class":58},[44,63817,226],{"class":1458},[44,63819,115],{"class":58},[44,63821,13574],{"class":111},[44,63823,637],{"class":58},[20,63825,2028],{},[35,63827,63829],{"className":37,"code":63828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63830,63831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63832,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63834,3856],{"class":58},[44,63836,3259],{"class":272},[44,63838,7616],{"class":276},[44,63840,3259],{"class":272},[44,63842,66],{"class":58},[44,63844,3254],{"class":272},[44,63846,19841],{"class":276},[44,63848,3259],{"class":272},[44,63850,72],{"class":58},[420,63852,63854],{"id":63853},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63856,63858],{"className":37,"code":63857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63859,63860,63900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63861,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63863,12813],{"class":50},[44,63865,55],{"class":54},[44,63867,10441],{"class":58},[44,63869,273],{"class":272},[44,63871,7616],{"class":276},[44,63873,273],{"class":272},[44,63875,159],{"class":58},[44,63877,284],{"class":272},[44,63879,7869],{"class":276},[44,63881,273],{"class":272},[44,63883,66],{"class":58},[44,63885,284],{"class":272},[44,63887,19841],{"class":276},[44,63889,273],{"class":272},[44,63891,159],{"class":58},[44,63893,284],{"class":272},[44,63895,22196],{"class":276},[44,63897,273],{"class":272},[44,63899,9258],{"class":58},[44,63901,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63903,128],{"class":127},[44,63905,115],{"class":58},[44,63907,226],{"class":1458},[44,63909,115],{"class":58},[44,63911,13574],{"class":111},[44,63913,108],{"class":58},[44,63915,621],{"class":111},[44,63917,6241],{"class":58},[20,63919,2028],{},[35,63921,63923],{"className":37,"code":63922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63924,63925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63928,3856],{"class":58},[44,63930,3259],{"class":272},[44,63932,7869],{"class":276},[44,63934,3259],{"class":272},[44,63936,66],{"class":58},[44,63938,3254],{"class":272},[44,63940,22196],{"class":276},[44,63942,3259],{"class":272},[44,63944,72],{"class":58},[420,63946,63948],{"id":63947},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63950,63952],{"className":37,"code":63951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63953,63954,63994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63955,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990,63992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63957,12813],{"class":50},[44,63959,55],{"class":54},[44,63961,10441],{"class":58},[44,63963,273],{"class":272},[44,63965,7616],{"class":276},[44,63967,273],{"class":272},[44,63969,159],{"class":58},[44,63971,284],{"class":272},[44,63973,7869],{"class":276},[44,63975,273],{"class":272},[44,63977,66],{"class":58},[44,63979,284],{"class":272},[44,63981,19841],{"class":276},[44,63983,273],{"class":272},[44,63985,159],{"class":58},[44,63987,284],{"class":272},[44,63989,22196],{"class":276},[44,63991,273],{"class":272},[44,63993,9258],{"class":58},[44,63995,63996,63998,64000,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,63997,128],{"class":127},[44,63999,115],{"class":58},[44,64001,226],{"class":1458},[44,64003,115],{"class":58},[44,64005,13574],{"class":111},[44,64007,108],{"class":58},[44,64009,835],{"class":111},[44,64011,6241],{"class":58},[20,64013,2028],{},[35,64015,64017],{"className":37,"code":64016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64018,64019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64020,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64022,21691],{"class":58},[44,64024,3259],{"class":272},[44,64026,7616],{"class":276},[44,64028,3259],{"class":272},[44,64030,66],{"class":58},[44,64032,3254],{"class":272},[44,64034,7869],{"class":276},[44,64036,3259],{"class":272},[44,64038,9182],{"class":58},[44,64040,9185],{"class":58},[44,64042,3259],{"class":272},[44,64044,19841],{"class":276},[44,64046,3259],{"class":272},[44,64048,66],{"class":58},[44,64050,3254],{"class":272},[44,64052,22196],{"class":276},[44,64054,3259],{"class":272},[44,64056,9198],{"class":58},[20,64058,64059],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,64061,64063],{"id":64062},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64065,144,64066,10551],{},[15,64067,24731],{},[161,64069,64070,64078,64087],{},[164,64071,64072,64073,2837,64075],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64074,411],{},[15,64076,64077],{},"sort()",[164,64079,64080,64081,2837,64083,64086],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64082,36149],{},[15,64084,64085],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[164,64088,64089],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64091,45991,64092,159],{},[15,64093,64085],{},[35,64095,64097],{"className":37,"code":64096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64098,64099,64123,64139,64143,64166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64100,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64102,4948],{"class":50},[44,64104,55],{"class":54},[44,64106,59],{"class":58},[44,64108,273],{"class":272},[44,64110,12830],{"class":276},[44,64112,273],{"class":272},[44,64114,66],{"class":58},[44,64116,284],{"class":272},[44,64118,35893],{"class":276},[44,64120,273],{"class":272},[44,64122,72],{"class":58},[44,64124,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64126,5017],{"class":50},[44,64128,55],{"class":54},[44,64130,59],{"class":58},[44,64132,1676],{"class":62},[44,64134,66],{"class":58},[44,64136,1681],{"class":62},[44,64138,72],{"class":58},[44,64140,64141],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,64142,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,64144,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64146,9164],{"class":50},[44,64148,55],{"class":54},[44,64150,22510],{"class":1458},[44,64152,115],{"class":58},[44,64154,64155],{"class":127},"zip",[44,64157,115],{"class":58},[44,64159,4992],{"class":111},[44,64161,66],{"class":58},[44,64163,5064],{"class":111},[44,64165,637],{"class":58},[44,64167,64168,64170,64172,64174],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,64169,128],{"class":127},[44,64171,115],{"class":58},[44,64173,9211],{"class":111},[44,64175,121],{"class":58},[20,64177,2028],{},[35,64179,64181],{"className":37,"code":64180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64182,64183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64184,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64186,21691],{"class":58},[44,64188,3259],{"class":272},[44,64190,12830],{"class":276},[44,64192,3259],{"class":272},[44,64194,66],{"class":58},[44,64196,19848],{"class":62},[44,64198,9182],{"class":58},[44,64200,9185],{"class":58},[44,64202,3259],{"class":272},[44,64204,35893],{"class":276},[44,64206,3259],{"class":272},[44,64208,66],{"class":58},[44,64210,1681],{"class":62},[44,64212,9198],{"class":58},[20,64214,64215,64216,64218,64219,108],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64217,411],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[394,64220,578],{"href":577},[30,64222,1083],{"id":1082},[20,64224,56701,64225,108],{},[15,64226,24731],{},[420,64228,64230],{"id":64229},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64232,4477],{},[35,64234,64236],{"className":37,"code":64235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64237,64238,64242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64239,64240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64241,4487],{"class":140},[44,64243,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64245,226],{"class":1458},[44,64247,115],{"class":58},[44,64249,63],{"class":62},[44,64251,66],{"class":58},[44,64253,69],{"class":62},[44,64255,66],{"class":58},[44,64257,2408],{"class":62},[44,64259,121],{"class":58},[20,64261,64262,64264],{},[15,64263,24731],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64266,552],{},[35,64268,64270],{"className":37,"code":64269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64271,64272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64273,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64275,128],{"class":127},[44,64277,115],{"class":58},[44,64279,226],{"class":1458},[44,64281,628],{"class":58},[44,64283,63],{"class":62},[44,64285,66],{"class":58},[44,64287,69],{"class":62},[44,64289,66],{"class":58},[44,64291,2408],{"class":62},[44,64293,2871],{"class":58},[420,64295,64297,64298],{"id":64296},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64299,64300],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64302,64303],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64305,64307],{"className":37,"code":64306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64308,64309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64310,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64312,128],{"class":127},[44,64314,115],{"class":58},[44,64316,226],{"class":1458},[44,64318,115],{"class":58},[44,64320,273],{"class":272},[44,64322,1262],{"class":276},[44,64324,273],{"class":272},[44,64326,637],{"class":58},[20,64328,2028],{},[35,64330,64332],{"className":37,"code":64331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64333,64334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64335,64336,64338,64340,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64337,3856],{"class":58},[44,64339,3259],{"class":272},[44,64341,60361],{"class":276},[44,64343,3259],{"class":272},[44,64345,66],{"class":58},[44,64347,3254],{"class":272},[44,64349,60370],{"class":276},[44,64351,3259],{"class":272},[44,64353,66],{"class":58},[44,64355,3254],{"class":272},[44,64357,60379],{"class":276},[44,64359,3259],{"class":272},[44,64361,66],{"class":58},[44,64363,3254],{"class":272},[44,64365,60379],{"class":276},[44,64367,3259],{"class":272},[44,64369,66],{"class":58},[44,64371,3254],{"class":272},[44,64373,60396],{"class":276},[44,64375,3259],{"class":272},[44,64377,72],{"class":58},[20,64379,64380],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64382,64383],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64385,64387],{"className":37,"code":64386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64388,64389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64390,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64392,128],{"class":127},[44,64394,457],{"class":58},[44,64396,273],{"class":272},[44,64398,1262],{"class":276},[44,64400,273],{"class":272},[44,64402,466],{"class":58},[420,64404,64406],{"id":64405},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64408,64409],{},"This:",[35,64411,64413],{"className":37,"code":64412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64414,64415,64447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64416,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64418,9114],{"class":50},[44,64420,55],{"class":54},[44,64422,10441],{"class":58},[44,64424,273],{"class":272},[44,64426,394],{"class":276},[44,64428,273],{"class":272},[44,64430,159],{"class":58},[44,64432,5450],{"class":62},[44,64434,66],{"class":58},[44,64436,284],{"class":272},[44,64438,4714],{"class":276},[44,64440,273],{"class":272},[44,64442,159],{"class":58},[44,64444,69],{"class":62},[44,64446,9258],{"class":58},[44,64448,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64450,128],{"class":127},[44,64452,115],{"class":58},[44,64454,226],{"class":1458},[44,64456,115],{"class":58},[44,64458,9153],{"class":111},[44,64460,637],{"class":58},[20,64462,64463],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64465,144,64466,64469],{},[15,64467,64468],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[420,64471,64473],{"id":64472},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64475,64476,64478],{},[15,64477,24731],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64480,64481],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64483,1757],{"id":1756},[420,64485,1773,64487,64489],{"id":64486},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64488],{}," and list()?",[20,64491,64492,64493,64495,64496,64498],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64494,3744],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64497,24731],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[420,64500,64502],{"id":64501},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64504,64505,64506,64508],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64507,24731],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[420,64510,64512],{"id":64511},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64514,64515],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[420,64517,64519],{"id":64518},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64521,64522],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[420,64524,64526],{"id":64525},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64528,64529,64530,64532],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64531,24731],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64534,1821],{"id":1820},[161,64536,64537,64541,64546,64550,64554,64558,64562,64567],{},[164,64538,64539],{},[394,64540,397],{"href":396},[164,64542,64543],{},[394,64544,64545],{"href":36146},"Python range() function explained",[164,64547,64548],{},[394,64549,62983],{"href":62982},[164,64551,64552],{},[394,64553,63315],{"href":63314},[164,64555,64556],{},[394,64557,5170],{"href":5537},[164,64559,64560],{},[394,64561,13739],{"href":13738},[164,64563,64564],{},[394,64565,64566],{"href":1428},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[164,64568,64569],{},[394,64570,1834],{"href":577},[1872,64572,64573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":64575},[64576,64577,64578,64579,64580,64587,64588,64589,64594,64595,64602,64610],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":62685,"depth":75,"text":62686},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":59543,"depth":75,"text":59544},{"id":62913,"depth":75,"text":62914,"children":64581},[64582,64583,64584,64585,64586],{"id":62917,"depth":95,"text":62918},{"id":62986,"depth":95,"text":62987},{"id":63064,"depth":95,"text":63065},{"id":63139,"depth":95,"text":63140},{"id":63206,"depth":95,"text":63207},{"id":63318,"depth":75,"text":63319},{"id":63454,"depth":75,"text":63455},{"id":63754,"depth":75,"text":63755,"children":64590},[64591,64592,64593],{"id":63763,"depth":95,"text":63764},{"id":63853,"depth":95,"text":63854},{"id":63947,"depth":95,"text":63948},{"id":64062,"depth":75,"text":64063},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":64596},[64597,64598,64600,64601],{"id":64229,"depth":95,"text":64230},{"id":64296,"depth":95,"text":64599},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64405,"depth":95,"text":64406},{"id":64472,"depth":95,"text":64473},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":64603},[64604,64606,64607,64608,64609],{"id":64486,"depth":95,"text":64605},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64501,"depth":95,"text":64502},{"id":64511,"depth":95,"text":64512},{"id":64518,"depth":95,"text":64519},{"id":64525,"depth":95,"text":64526},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62519,"description":64611},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64618,"title":64619,"body":64620,"description":65971,"extension":1921,"meta":65972,"navigation":98,"path":65973,"seo":65974,"stem":65975,"__hash__":65976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64621,"toc":65945},[64622,64627,64633,64642,64644,64717,64726,64731,64735,64751,64755,64757,64759,64778,64781,64809,64812,64837,64845,64847,64852,64859,64861,64918,64920,64928,64934,64938,64941,65014,65016,65024,65027,65050,65057,65063,65067,65073,65144,65146,65154,65163,65170,65177,65185,65329,65331,65348,65351,65390,65393,65397,65402,65404,65463,65469,65472,65579,65581,65596,65599,65606,65608,65612,65760,65763,65824,65827,65830,65851,65856,65860,65871,65874,65876,65881,65884,65892,65897,65903,65906,65912,65920,65922,65942],[10,64623,13,64625,18],{"id":64624},"python-list-index-method",[15,64626,58891],{},[20,64628,64629,64632],{},[15,64630,64631],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64634,64635,64636,64639,64640,108],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[214,64637,64638],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64641,40655],{},[30,64643,3570],{"id":3569},[35,64645,64647],{"className":37,"code":64646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64648,64649,64681,64704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64650,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64652,818],{"class":50},[44,64654,55],{"class":54},[44,64656,59],{"class":58},[44,64658,273],{"class":272},[44,64660,277],{"class":276},[44,64662,273],{"class":272},[44,64664,66],{"class":58},[44,64666,284],{"class":272},[44,64668,287],{"class":276},[44,64670,273],{"class":272},[44,64672,66],{"class":58},[44,64674,284],{"class":272},[44,64676,4051],{"class":276},[44,64678,273],{"class":272},[44,64680,72],{"class":58},[44,64682,64683,64686,64688,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64684,64685],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64687,55],{"class":54},[44,64689,5917],{"class":50},[44,64691,108],{"class":58},[44,64693,35798],{"class":111},[44,64695,115],{"class":58},[44,64697,273],{"class":272},[44,64699,287],{"class":276},[44,64701,273],{"class":272},[44,64703,121],{"class":58},[44,64705,64706,64708,64710,64713,64715],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,64707,128],{"class":127},[44,64709,115],{"class":58},[44,64711,64712],{"class":111},"position",[44,64714,1476],{"class":58},[44,64716,27731],{"class":140},[20,64718,144,64719,64722,64723,64725],{},[15,64720,64721],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64724,40655],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64727,151,64729,154],{"id":64728},"what-listindex-does",[15,64730,64631],{},[20,64732,64733,159],{},[15,64734,64631],{},[161,64736,64737,64740,64743,64748],{},[164,64738,64739],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[164,64741,64742],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[164,64744,64745,64746],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64747,746],{},[164,64749,64750],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64752,392,64753,108],{},[394,64754,397],{"href":54502},[30,64756,188],{"id":187},[20,64758,30676],{},[35,64760,64762],{"className":37,"code":64761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64763,64764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64765,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64767,1447],{"class":50},[44,64769,108],{"class":58},[44,64771,35798],{"class":111},[44,64773,115],{"class":58},[44,64775,2429],{"class":111},[44,64777,121],{"class":58},[20,64779,64780],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64782,64784],{"className":37,"code":64783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64785,64786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64787,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64789,1447],{"class":50},[44,64791,108],{"class":58},[44,64793,35798],{"class":111},[44,64795,115],{"class":58},[44,64797,2429],{"class":111},[44,64799,66],{"class":58},[44,64801,36004],{"class":111},[44,64803,66],{"class":58},[44,64805,64806],{"class":111}," end",[44,64808,121],{"class":58},[20,64810,64811],{},"Here is what each part means:",[161,64813,64814,64819,64824,64829],{},[164,64815,64816,64818],{},[15,64817,2429],{},": the item to search for",[164,64820,64821,64823],{},[15,64822,36025],{},": where the search begins",[164,64825,64826,64828],{},[15,64827,52608],{},": where the search stops",[164,64830,64831,4737,64833,64836],{},[15,64832,52608],{},[214,64834,64835],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64838,64839,64840,64842,64843,108],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64841,36025],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64844,52608],{},[30,64846,37971],{"id":37970},[20,64848,64849,64851],{},[15,64850,64631],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64853,64854,64855,64858],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[214,64856,64857],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64860,2164],{},[35,64862,64864],{"className":37,"code":64863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64865,64866,64886,64904,64908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64867,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64869,51],{"class":50},[44,64871,55],{"class":54},[44,64873,59],{"class":58},[44,64875,2287],{"class":62},[44,64877,66],{"class":58},[44,64879,7738],{"class":62},[44,64881,66],{"class":58},[44,64883,7743],{"class":62},[44,64885,72],{"class":58},[44,64887,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64889,911],{"class":50},[44,64891,55],{"class":54},[44,64893,916],{"class":50},[44,64895,108],{"class":58},[44,64897,35798],{"class":111},[44,64899,115],{"class":58},[44,64901,15703],{"class":62},[44,64903,121],{"class":58},[44,64905,64906],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,64907,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64911,128],{"class":127},[44,64913,115],{"class":58},[44,64915,943],{"class":111},[44,64917,121],{"class":58},[20,64919,2028],{},[35,64921,64922],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64923,64924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64925,64926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64927,46868],{"class":62},[20,64929,64930,64931,64933],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64932,58891],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,64935,64937],{"id":64936},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64939,64940],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64942,64944],{"className":37,"code":64943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64945,64946,64978,65000,65004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64947,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64949,265],{"class":50},[44,64951,55],{"class":54},[44,64953,59],{"class":58},[44,64955,273],{"class":272},[44,64957,277],{"class":276},[44,64959,273],{"class":272},[44,64961,66],{"class":58},[44,64963,284],{"class":272},[44,64965,287],{"class":276},[44,64967,273],{"class":272},[44,64969,66],{"class":58},[44,64971,284],{"class":272},[44,64973,4051],{"class":276},[44,64975,273],{"class":272},[44,64977,72],{"class":58},[44,64979,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,64981,64685],{"class":50},[44,64983,55],{"class":54},[44,64985,52797],{"class":50},[44,64987,108],{"class":58},[44,64989,35798],{"class":111},[44,64991,115],{"class":58},[44,64993,273],{"class":272},[44,64995,4051],{"class":276},[44,64997,273],{"class":272},[44,64999,121],{"class":58},[44,65001,65002],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65003,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,65005,65006,65008,65010,65012],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65007,128],{"class":127},[44,65009,115],{"class":58},[44,65011,64712],{"class":111},[44,65013,121],{"class":58},[20,65015,2028],{},[35,65017,65018],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65019,65020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65021,65022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65023,17006],{"class":62},[20,65025,65026],{},"In this list:",[161,65028,65029,65036,65043],{},[164,65030,65031,65033,65034],{},[15,65032,57756],{}," is at index ",[15,65035,746],{},[164,65037,65038,65033,65041],{},[15,65039,65040],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65042,63],{},[164,65044,65045,65033,65048],{},[15,65046,65047],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65049,801],{},[20,65051,53594,65052,877,65055,108],{},[15,65053,65054],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65056,801],{},[20,65058,51492,65059,108],{},[394,65060,65062],{"href":65061},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,65064,65066],{"id":65065},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65068,65069,65070,65072],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65071,58891],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,65074,65076],{"className":37,"code":65075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65077,65078,65118,65122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65079,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65081,13026],{"class":50},[44,65083,55],{"class":54},[44,65085,59],{"class":58},[44,65087,273],{"class":272},[44,65089,13043],{"class":276},[44,65091,273],{"class":272},[44,65093,66],{"class":58},[44,65095,284],{"class":272},[44,65097,13060],{"class":276},[44,65099,273],{"class":272},[44,65101,66],{"class":58},[44,65103,284],{"class":272},[44,65105,13043],{"class":276},[44,65107,273],{"class":272},[44,65109,66],{"class":58},[44,65111,284],{"class":272},[44,65113,17405],{"class":276},[44,65115,273],{"class":272},[44,65117,72],{"class":58},[44,65119,65120],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65121,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,65123,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65125,128],{"class":127},[44,65127,115],{"class":58},[44,65129,17452],{"class":111},[44,65131,108],{"class":58},[44,65133,35798],{"class":111},[44,65135,115],{"class":58},[44,65137,273],{"class":272},[44,65139,13043],{"class":276},[44,65141,273],{"class":272},[44,65143,637],{"class":58},[20,65145,2028],{},[35,65147,65148],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65149,65150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65151,65152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65153,47203],{"class":62},[20,65155,20928,65156,65159,65160,65162],{},[15,65157,65158],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65161,746],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65164,65165,65166,108],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[394,65167,571,65168,574],{"href":58950},[15,65169,57213],{},[30,65171,582,65173,398,65175],{"id":65172},"using-start-and-end",[15,65174,36025],{},[15,65176,52608],{},[20,65178,65179,65180,398,65182,65184],{},"The optional ",[15,65181,36025],{},[15,65183,52608],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65186,65188],{"className":37,"code":65187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65189,65190,65238,65242,65267,65296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65191,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65193,672],{"class":50},[44,65195,55],{"class":54},[44,65197,59],{"class":58},[44,65199,273],{"class":272},[44,65201,394],{"class":276},[44,65203,273],{"class":272},[44,65205,66],{"class":58},[44,65207,284],{"class":272},[44,65209,4714],{"class":276},[44,65211,273],{"class":272},[44,65213,66],{"class":58},[44,65215,284],{"class":272},[44,65217,9689],{"class":276},[44,65219,273],{"class":272},[44,65221,66],{"class":58},[44,65223,284],{"class":272},[44,65225,4714],{"class":276},[44,65227,273],{"class":272},[44,65229,66],{"class":58},[44,65231,284],{"class":272},[44,65233,18717],{"class":276},[44,65235,273],{"class":272},[44,65237,72],{"class":58},[44,65239,65240],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65241,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,65243,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65245,128],{"class":127},[44,65247,115],{"class":58},[44,65249,689],{"class":111},[44,65251,108],{"class":58},[44,65253,35798],{"class":111},[44,65255,115],{"class":58},[44,65257,273],{"class":272},[44,65259,4714],{"class":276},[44,65261,273],{"class":272},[44,65263,5315],{"class":58},[44,65265,65266],{"class":140},"        # first match\n",[44,65268,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65270,128],{"class":127},[44,65272,115],{"class":58},[44,65274,689],{"class":111},[44,65276,108],{"class":58},[44,65278,35798],{"class":111},[44,65280,115],{"class":58},[44,65282,273],{"class":272},[44,65284,4714],{"class":276},[44,65286,273],{"class":272},[44,65288,66],{"class":58},[44,65290,69],{"class":62},[44,65292,5315],{"class":58},[44,65294,65295],{"class":140},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65297,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,65299,128],{"class":127},[44,65301,115],{"class":58},[44,65303,689],{"class":111},[44,65305,108],{"class":58},[44,65307,35798],{"class":111},[44,65309,115],{"class":58},[44,65311,273],{"class":272},[44,65313,4714],{"class":276},[44,65315,273],{"class":272},[44,65317,66],{"class":58},[44,65319,5450],{"class":62},[44,65321,66],{"class":58},[44,65323,90],{"class":62},[44,65325,5315],{"class":58},[44,65327,65328],{"class":140},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65330,2028],{},[35,65332,65334],{"className":37,"code":65333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65335,65336,65340,65344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65337,65338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65339,46868],{"class":62},[44,65341,65342],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65343,46568],{"class":62},[44,65345,65346],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65347,46868],{"class":62},[20,65349,65350],{},"How this works:",[161,65352,65353,65365,65378],{},[164,65354,65355,65358,65359,65362,65363],{},[15,65356,65357],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65360,65361],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65364,63],{},[164,65366,65367,65370,65371,65373,65374,65362,65376],{},[15,65368,65369],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65372,801],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65375,65361],{},[15,65377,85],{},[164,65379,65380,65383,65384,798,65386,802,65388],{},[15,65381,65382],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65385,63],{},[15,65387,801],{},[15,65389,85],{},[20,65391,65392],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65394,65396],{"id":65395},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65398,65399,65400,108],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65401,40655],{},[20,65403,2164],{},[35,65405,65407],{"className":37,"code":65406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65408,65409,65441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65410,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65412,818],{"class":50},[44,65414,55],{"class":54},[44,65416,59],{"class":58},[44,65418,273],{"class":272},[44,65420,277],{"class":276},[44,65422,273],{"class":272},[44,65424,66],{"class":58},[44,65426,284],{"class":272},[44,65428,287],{"class":276},[44,65430,273],{"class":272},[44,65432,66],{"class":58},[44,65434,284],{"class":272},[44,65436,4051],{"class":276},[44,65438,273],{"class":272},[44,65440,72],{"class":58},[44,65442,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65444,128],{"class":127},[44,65446,115],{"class":58},[44,65448,835],{"class":111},[44,65450,108],{"class":58},[44,65452,35798],{"class":111},[44,65454,115],{"class":58},[44,65456,273],{"class":272},[44,65458,305],{"class":276},[44,65460,273],{"class":272},[44,65462,637],{"class":58},[20,65464,1415,65465,65468],{},[15,65466,65467],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65470,65471],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65473,65475],{"className":37,"code":65474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65476,65477,65509,65522,65526,65539,65558,65564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65478,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65480,818],{"class":50},[44,65482,55],{"class":54},[44,65484,59],{"class":58},[44,65486,273],{"class":272},[44,65488,277],{"class":276},[44,65490,273],{"class":272},[44,65492,66],{"class":58},[44,65494,284],{"class":272},[44,65496,287],{"class":276},[44,65498,273],{"class":272},[44,65500,66],{"class":58},[44,65502,284],{"class":272},[44,65504,4051],{"class":276},[44,65506,273],{"class":272},[44,65508,72],{"class":58},[44,65510,65511,65514,65516,65518,65520],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65512,65513],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65515,55],{"class":54},[44,65517,284],{"class":272},[44,65519,305],{"class":276},[44,65521,3318],{"class":272},[44,65523,65524],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65525,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,65527,65528,65530,65533,65535,65537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65529,6944],{"class":3832},[44,65531,65532],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65534,3839],{"class":54},[44,65536,5917],{"class":50},[44,65538,6344],{"class":58},[44,65540,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65556],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,65542,8017],{"class":127},[44,65544,115],{"class":58},[44,65546,835],{"class":111},[44,65548,108],{"class":58},[44,65550,35798],{"class":111},[44,65552,115],{"class":58},[44,65554,65555],{"class":111},"search_value",[44,65557,637],{"class":58},[44,65559,65560,65562],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,65561,27385],{"class":3832},[44,65563,6344],{"class":58},[44,65565,65566,65568,65570,65572,65575,65577],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,65567,8017],{"class":127},[44,65569,115],{"class":58},[44,65571,273],{"class":272},[44,65573,65574],{"class":276},"Item not found",[44,65576,273],{"class":272},[44,65578,121],{"class":58},[20,65580,2028],{},[35,65582,65584],{"className":37,"code":65583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65585,65586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65587,65588,65591,65593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65589,65590],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65592,4583],{"class":54},[44,65594,65595],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65597,65598],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65600,65601,65602,108],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[394,65603,65605],{"href":65604},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65607,1083],{"id":1082},[20,65609,21162,65610,159],{},[15,65611,64631],{},[161,65613,65614,65632,65644,65704],{},[164,65615,25725,65616,877,65618,65621,65622,65624,65625,5115,65627,65629,65630,108],{},[15,65617,58891],{},[15,65619,65620],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9796,65623],{},"\nPython does ",[214,65626,4583],{},[15,65628,65620],{},". It raises ",[15,65631,40655],{},[164,65633,65634,65635,65637,65640,65641,65643],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9796,65636],{},[15,65638,65639],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65642,65040],{},", not the value itself.",[164,65645,582,65646,11042,65649,65651,65653,65654,16605,65656,65679,16593,65681],{},[15,65647,65648],{},"index[]",[15,65650,58891],{},[9796,65652],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9796,65655],{},[35,65657,65659],{"className":37,"code":65658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65660,65661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65664,835],{"class":50},[44,65666,108],{"class":58},[44,65668,35798],{"class":111},[44,65670,115],{"class":58},[44,65672,273],{"class":272},[44,65674,287],{"class":276},[44,65676,273],{"class":272},[44,65678,121],{"class":58},[9796,65680],{},[35,65682,65684],{"className":37,"code":65683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65685,65686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65687,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65689,835],{"class":50},[44,65691,108],{"class":58},[44,65693,35798],{"class":1492},[44,65695,3856],{"class":58},[44,65697,273],{"class":272},[44,65699,287],{"class":276},[44,65701,273],{"class":272},[44,65703,72],{"class":58},[164,65705,65706,65707,65709,398,65712,65714,65715],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9796,65708],{},[15,65710,65711],{},"\"3\"",[15,65713,85],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65716,65718],{"className":37,"code":65717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65719,65720,65740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65721,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65723,51],{"class":50},[44,65725,55],{"class":54},[44,65727,59],{"class":58},[44,65729,63],{"class":62},[44,65731,66],{"class":58},[44,65733,69],{"class":62},[44,65735,66],{"class":58},[44,65737,2408],{"class":62},[44,65739,72],{"class":58},[44,65741,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65743,128],{"class":127},[44,65745,115],{"class":58},[44,65747,273],{"class":272},[44,65749,85],{"class":276},[44,65751,273],{"class":272},[44,65753,21124],{"class":3832},[44,65755,916],{"class":111},[44,65757,1476],{"class":58},[44,65759,4725],{"class":140},[20,65761,65762],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65764,65766],{"className":37,"code":65765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65767,65768,65778,65792,65806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65769,65770,65772,65774,65776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65771,128],{"class":127},[44,65773,115],{"class":58},[44,65775,1447],{"class":111},[44,65777,121],{"class":58},[44,65779,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,65781,128],{"class":127},[44,65783,115],{"class":58},[44,65785,1459],{"class":1458},[44,65787,115],{"class":58},[44,65789,65555],{"class":111},[44,65791,637],{"class":58},[44,65793,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,65795,128],{"class":127},[44,65797,115],{"class":58},[44,65799,65513],{"class":111},[44,65801,3839],{"class":3832},[44,65803,8342],{"class":111},[44,65805,121],{"class":58},[44,65807,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65809,128],{"class":127},[44,65811,115],{"class":58},[44,65813,1447],{"class":111},[44,65815,108],{"class":58},[44,65817,35798],{"class":111},[44,65819,115],{"class":58},[44,65821,65555],{"class":111},[44,65823,637],{"class":58},[20,65825,65826],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65828,65829],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[161,65831,65832,65835,65842,65848],{},[164,65833,65834],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[164,65836,65837,65838,11042,65840],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65839,65711],{},[15,65841,85],{},[164,65843,65844,65845,65847],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65846,58891],{}," returns only the first one",[164,65849,65850],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,65852,1638,65854],{"id":65853},"when-to-use-index",[15,65855,58891],{},[20,65857,144,65858,10551],{},[15,65859,58891],{},[161,65861,65862,65865,65868],{},[164,65863,65864],{},"You need the position of a known value",[164,65866,65867],{},"You are working with a small list",[164,65869,65870],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65872,65873],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,65875,1757],{"id":1756},[420,65877,5096,65879,5099],{"id":65878},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65880,64631],{},[20,65882,65883],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[420,65885,1761,65887,5115,65889,65891],{"id":65886},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65888,64631],{},[15,65890,65620],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65893,65894,65895,1239],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65896,40655],{},[420,65898,5124,65900,65902],{"id":65899},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65901,64631],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65904,65905],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[420,65907,65909,65910,1778],{"id":65908},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65911,58891],{},[20,65913,65914,65915,398,65917,65919],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65916,36025],{},[15,65918,52608],{}," arguments.",[30,65921,1821],{"id":1820},[161,65923,65924,65928,65932,65936],{},[164,65925,65926],{},[394,65927,58879],{"href":65061},[164,65929,65930],{},[394,65931,397],{"href":54502},[164,65933,65934],{},[394,65935,65605],{"href":65604},[164,65937,65938],{},[394,65939,571,65940,574],{"href":58950},[15,65941,57213],{},[1872,65943,65944],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":65946},[65947,65948,65950,65951,65952,65953,65954,65956,65957,65958,65960,65970],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":64728,"depth":75,"text":65949},"What list.index() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":37970,"depth":75,"text":37971},{"id":64936,"depth":75,"text":64937},{"id":65065,"depth":75,"text":65066},{"id":65172,"depth":75,"text":65955},"Using start and end",{"id":65395,"depth":75,"text":65396},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083},{"id":65853,"depth":75,"text":65959},"When to use index()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":65961},[65962,65964,65966,65968],{"id":65878,"depth":95,"text":65963},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65886,"depth":95,"text":65965},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65899,"depth":95,"text":65967},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65908,"depth":95,"text":65969},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64619,"description":65971},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65978,"title":65979,"body":65980,"description":67922,"extension":1921,"meta":67923,"navigation":98,"path":67924,"seo":67925,"stem":67926,"__hash__":67927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65981,"toc":67882},[65982,65987,65992,65995,66004,66061,66067,66072,66076,66090,66096,66098,66121,66138,66140,66201,66203,66235,66248,66250,66253,66353,66355,66433,66439,66443,66451,66455,66461,66516,66518,66542,66546,66549,66602,66604,66628,66632,66635,66688,66690,66714,66718,66724,66795,66797,66838,66844,66851,66854,66859,66867,66872,66880,66882,66979,66981,67050,67057,67062,67064,67068,67073,67075,67146,67148,67177,67183,67185,67212,67215,67238,67242,67245,67267,67270,67293,67295,67355,67357,67389,67395,67400,67453,67455,67480,67483,67532,67534,67555,67559,67564,67567,67622,67624,67651,67658,67662,67667,67738,67741,67755,67760,67765,67767,67781,67793,67798,67800,67805,67810,67814,67817,67823,67829,67836,67844,67846,67879],[10,65983,13,65985,18],{"id":65984},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65986,1753],{},[20,65988,65989,65991],{},[15,65990,53848],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65993,65994],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65996,144,65997,65999,66000,108],{},[15,65998,1753],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[394,66001,571,66002,574],{"href":570},[15,66003,411],{},[35,66005,66007],{"className":37,"code":66006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66008,66009,66029,66047,66057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66012,51],{"class":50},[44,66014,55],{"class":54},[44,66016,59],{"class":58},[44,66018,63],{"class":62},[44,66020,66],{"class":58},[44,66022,69],{"class":62},[44,66024,66],{"class":58},[44,66026,90],{"class":62},[44,66028,72],{"class":58},[44,66030,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66032,105],{"class":50},[44,66034,108],{"class":58},[44,66036,53888],{"class":111},[44,66038,115],{"class":58},[44,66040,801],{"class":62},[44,66042,66],{"class":58},[44,66044,2408],{"class":62},[44,66046,121],{"class":58},[44,66048,66049,66051,66053,66055],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66050,128],{"class":127},[44,66052,115],{"class":58},[44,66054,105],{"class":111},[44,66056,121],{"class":58},[44,66058,66059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66060,141],{"class":140},[20,66062,144,66063,66066],{},[15,66064,66065],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,66068,151,66070,154],{"id":66069},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66071,53848],{},[20,66073,66074,159],{},[15,66075,53848],{},[161,66077,66078,66081,66084,66086],{},[164,66079,66080],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[164,66082,66083],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[164,66085,169],{},[164,66087,175,66088],{},[15,66089,178],{},[20,66091,66092,66093,66095],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66094,1753],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,66097,5385],{"id":5384},[35,66099,66101],{"className":37,"code":66100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66102,66103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66104,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66106,1447],{"class":50},[44,66108,108],{"class":58},[44,66110,53888],{"class":111},[44,66112,115],{"class":58},[44,66114,35798],{"class":111},[44,66116,66],{"class":58},[44,66118,29458],{"class":111},[44,66120,121],{"class":58},[161,66122,66123,66128,66133],{},[164,66124,66125,66127],{},[15,66126,35798],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[164,66129,66130,66132],{},[15,66131,23261],{}," is the value to add",[164,66134,66135,66136],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66137,746],{},[20,66139,2164],{},[35,66141,66143],{"className":37,"code":66142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66144,66145,66169,66191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66148,672],{"class":50},[44,66150,55],{"class":54},[44,66152,59],{"class":58},[44,66154,273],{"class":272},[44,66156,394],{"class":276},[44,66158,273],{"class":272},[44,66160,66],{"class":58},[44,66162,284],{"class":272},[44,66164,9689],{"class":276},[44,66166,273],{"class":272},[44,66168,72],{"class":58},[44,66170,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66172,689],{"class":50},[44,66174,108],{"class":58},[44,66176,53888],{"class":111},[44,66178,115],{"class":58},[44,66180,63],{"class":62},[44,66182,66],{"class":58},[44,66184,284],{"class":272},[44,66186,4714],{"class":276},[44,66188,273],{"class":272},[44,66190,121],{"class":58},[44,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66194,128],{"class":127},[44,66196,115],{"class":58},[44,66198,689],{"class":111},[44,66200,121],{"class":58},[20,66202,2028],{},[35,66204,66205],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66206,66207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66208,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66210,3856],{"class":58},[44,66212,3259],{"class":272},[44,66214,394],{"class":276},[44,66216,3259],{"class":272},[44,66218,66],{"class":58},[44,66220,3254],{"class":272},[44,66222,4714],{"class":276},[44,66224,3259],{"class":272},[44,66226,66],{"class":58},[44,66228,3254],{"class":272},[44,66230,9689],{"class":276},[44,66232,3259],{"class":272},[44,66234,72],{"class":58},[20,66236,20721,66237,66239,66240,66242,66243,398,66245,108],{},[15,66238,65361],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66241,63],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66244,18046],{},[15,66246,66247],{},"\"c\"",[30,66249,5738],{"id":5737},[20,66251,66252],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66254,66256],{"className":37,"code":66255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66257,66258,66290,66308,66312,66334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66259,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66261,13026],{"class":50},[44,66263,55],{"class":54},[44,66265,59],{"class":58},[44,66267,273],{"class":272},[44,66269,13043],{"class":276},[44,66271,273],{"class":272},[44,66273,66],{"class":58},[44,66275,284],{"class":272},[44,66277,13060],{"class":276},[44,66279,273],{"class":272},[44,66281,66],{"class":58},[44,66283,284],{"class":272},[44,66285,17405],{"class":276},[44,66287,273],{"class":272},[44,66289,72],{"class":58},[44,66291,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66293,128],{"class":127},[44,66295,115],{"class":58},[44,66297,273],{"class":272},[44,66299,11514],{"class":276},[44,66301,273],{"class":272},[44,66303,66],{"class":58},[44,66305,13074],{"class":111},[44,66307,121],{"class":58},[44,66309,66310],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66311,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,66313,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66315,17452],{"class":50},[44,66317,108],{"class":58},[44,66319,53888],{"class":111},[44,66321,115],{"class":58},[44,66323,63],{"class":62},[44,66325,66],{"class":58},[44,66327,284],{"class":272},[44,66329,22475],{"class":276},[44,66331,273],{"class":272},[44,66333,121],{"class":58},[44,66335,66336,66338,66340,66342,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,66337,128],{"class":127},[44,66339,115],{"class":58},[44,66341,273],{"class":272},[44,66343,66344],{"class":276},"After: ",[44,66346,273],{"class":272},[44,66348,66],{"class":58},[44,66350,13074],{"class":111},[44,66352,121],{"class":58},[20,66354,2028],{},[35,66356,66358],{"className":37,"code":66357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66359,66360,66392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66361,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66363,11574],{"class":50},[44,66365,159],{"class":58},[44,66367,59],{"class":58},[44,66369,3259],{"class":272},[44,66371,13043],{"class":276},[44,66373,3259],{"class":272},[44,66375,66],{"class":58},[44,66377,3254],{"class":272},[44,66379,13060],{"class":276},[44,66381,3259],{"class":272},[44,66383,66],{"class":58},[44,66385,3254],{"class":272},[44,66387,17405],{"class":276},[44,66389,3259],{"class":272},[44,66391,72],{"class":58},[44,66393,66394,66396,66398,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66395,11627],{"class":50},[44,66397,159],{"class":58},[44,66399,66400],{"class":58},"  [",[44,66402,3259],{"class":272},[44,66404,13043],{"class":276},[44,66406,3259],{"class":272},[44,66408,66],{"class":58},[44,66410,3254],{"class":272},[44,66412,22475],{"class":276},[44,66414,3259],{"class":272},[44,66416,66],{"class":58},[44,66418,3254],{"class":272},[44,66420,13060],{"class":276},[44,66422,3259],{"class":272},[44,66424,66],{"class":58},[44,66426,3254],{"class":272},[44,66428,17405],{"class":276},[44,66430,3259],{"class":272},[44,66432,72],{"class":58},[20,66434,66435,66436,66438],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66437,63],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66440,66442],{"id":66441},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66444,1938,66445,35281,66447,66450],{},[15,66446,35798],{},[15,66448,66449],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[420,66452,66454],{"id":66453},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66456,66457,66458,66460],{},"Use index ",[15,66459,746],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66462,66464],{"className":37,"code":66463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66465,66466,66487,66506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66467,66468,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66469,66470],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66472,55],{"class":54},[44,66474,59],{"class":58},[44,66476,801],{"class":62},[44,66478,66],{"class":58},[44,66480,2408],{"class":62},[44,66482,66],{"class":58},[44,66484,90],{"class":62},[44,66486,72],{"class":58},[44,66488,66489,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66490,66491],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66493,108],{"class":58},[44,66495,53888],{"class":111},[44,66497,115],{"class":58},[44,66499,746],{"class":62},[44,66501,66],{"class":58},[44,66503,5450],{"class":62},[44,66505,121],{"class":58},[44,66507,66508,66510,66512,66514],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66509,128],{"class":127},[44,66511,115],{"class":58},[44,66513,66491],{"class":111},[44,66515,121],{"class":58},[20,66517,2028],{},[35,66519,66520],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66521,66522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66523,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66525,3856],{"class":58},[44,66527,63],{"class":62},[44,66529,66],{"class":58},[44,66531,69],{"class":62},[44,66533,66],{"class":58},[44,66535,2408],{"class":62},[44,66537,66],{"class":58},[44,66539,90],{"class":62},[44,66541,72],{"class":58},[420,66543,66545],{"id":66544},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66547,66548],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66550,66552],{"className":37,"code":66551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66553,66554,66574,66592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66557,66470],{"class":50},[44,66559,55],{"class":54},[44,66561,59],{"class":58},[44,66563,63],{"class":62},[44,66565,66],{"class":58},[44,66567,69],{"class":62},[44,66569,66],{"class":58},[44,66571,90],{"class":62},[44,66573,72],{"class":58},[44,66575,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66577,66491],{"class":50},[44,66579,108],{"class":58},[44,66581,53888],{"class":111},[44,66583,115],{"class":58},[44,66585,801],{"class":62},[44,66587,66],{"class":58},[44,66589,2408],{"class":62},[44,66591,121],{"class":58},[44,66593,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66595,128],{"class":127},[44,66597,115],{"class":58},[44,66599,66491],{"class":111},[44,66601,121],{"class":58},[20,66603,2028],{},[35,66605,66606],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66607,66608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66609,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66611,3856],{"class":58},[44,66613,63],{"class":62},[44,66615,66],{"class":58},[44,66617,69],{"class":62},[44,66619,66],{"class":58},[44,66621,2408],{"class":62},[44,66623,66],{"class":58},[44,66625,90],{"class":62},[44,66627,72],{"class":58},[420,66629,66631],{"id":66630},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66633,66634],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66636,66638],{"className":37,"code":66637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66639,66640,66660,66678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66641,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66643,66470],{"class":50},[44,66645,55],{"class":54},[44,66647,59],{"class":58},[44,66649,63],{"class":62},[44,66651,66],{"class":58},[44,66653,69],{"class":62},[44,66655,66],{"class":58},[44,66657,2408],{"class":62},[44,66659,72],{"class":58},[44,66661,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66663,66491],{"class":50},[44,66665,108],{"class":58},[44,66667,53888],{"class":111},[44,66669,115],{"class":58},[44,66671,2287],{"class":62},[44,66673,66],{"class":58},[44,66675,90],{"class":62},[44,66677,121],{"class":58},[44,66679,66680,66682,66684,66686],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66681,128],{"class":127},[44,66683,115],{"class":58},[44,66685,66491],{"class":111},[44,66687,121],{"class":58},[20,66689,2028],{},[35,66691,66692],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66693,66694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66695,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66697,3856],{"class":58},[44,66699,63],{"class":62},[44,66701,66],{"class":58},[44,66703,69],{"class":62},[44,66705,66],{"class":58},[44,66707,2408],{"class":62},[44,66709,66],{"class":58},[44,66711,90],{"class":62},[44,66713,72],{"class":58},[420,66715,66717],{"id":66716},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66719,66720,66721,66723],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66722,1753],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66725,66727],{"className":37,"code":66726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66728,66729,66761,66785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66730,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66732,672],{"class":50},[44,66734,55],{"class":54},[44,66736,59],{"class":58},[44,66738,273],{"class":272},[44,66740,394],{"class":276},[44,66742,273],{"class":272},[44,66744,66],{"class":58},[44,66746,284],{"class":272},[44,66748,4714],{"class":276},[44,66750,273],{"class":272},[44,66752,66],{"class":58},[44,66754,284],{"class":272},[44,66756,18717],{"class":276},[44,66758,273],{"class":272},[44,66760,72],{"class":58},[44,66762,66763,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66764,689],{"class":50},[44,66766,108],{"class":58},[44,66768,53888],{"class":111},[44,66770,115],{"class":58},[44,66772,1980],{"class":54},[44,66774,63],{"class":62},[44,66776,66],{"class":58},[44,66778,284],{"class":272},[44,66780,9689],{"class":276},[44,66782,273],{"class":272},[44,66784,121],{"class":58},[44,66786,66787,66789,66791,66793],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66788,128],{"class":127},[44,66790,115],{"class":58},[44,66792,689],{"class":111},[44,66794,121],{"class":58},[20,66796,2028],{},[35,66798,66800],{"className":37,"code":66799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66801,66802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66803,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66805,3856],{"class":58},[44,66807,3259],{"class":272},[44,66809,394],{"class":276},[44,66811,3259],{"class":272},[44,66813,66],{"class":58},[44,66815,3254],{"class":272},[44,66817,4714],{"class":276},[44,66819,3259],{"class":272},[44,66821,66],{"class":58},[44,66823,3254],{"class":272},[44,66825,9689],{"class":276},[44,66827,3259],{"class":272},[44,66829,66],{"class":58},[44,66831,3254],{"class":272},[44,66833,18717],{"class":276},[44,66835,3259],{"class":272},[44,66837,72],{"class":58},[20,66839,66840,66841,2260],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[394,66842,66843],{"href":396},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,66845,66847,408,66849],{"id":66846},"insert-vs-append",[15,66848,1753],{},[15,66850,411],{},[20,66852,66853],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[420,66855,144,66857,10551],{"id":66856},"use-insert-when",[15,66858,1753],{},[161,66860,66861,66864],{},[164,66862,66863],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[164,66865,66866],{},"The order of the list matters",[420,66868,144,66870,10551],{"id":66869},"use-append-when",[15,66871,411],{},[161,66873,66874,66877],{},[164,66875,66876],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[164,66878,66879],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66881,2164],{},[35,66883,66885],{"className":37,"code":66884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66886,66887,66911,66915,66937,66947,66951,66969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66888,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66890,818],{"class":50},[44,66892,55],{"class":54},[44,66894,59],{"class":58},[44,66896,273],{"class":272},[44,66898,277],{"class":276},[44,66900,273],{"class":272},[44,66902,66],{"class":58},[44,66904,284],{"class":272},[44,66906,305],{"class":276},[44,66908,273],{"class":272},[44,66910,72],{"class":58},[44,66912,66913],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,66914,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,66918,835],{"class":50},[44,66920,108],{"class":58},[44,66922,53888],{"class":111},[44,66924,115],{"class":58},[44,66926,63],{"class":62},[44,66928,66],{"class":58},[44,66930,284],{"class":272},[44,66932,287],{"class":276},[44,66934,273],{"class":272},[44,66936,121],{"class":58},[44,66938,66939,66941,66943,66945],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66940,128],{"class":127},[44,66942,115],{"class":58},[44,66944,835],{"class":111},[44,66946,121],{"class":58},[44,66948,66949],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,66950,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,66952,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,66954,835],{"class":50},[44,66956,108],{"class":58},[44,66958,520],{"class":111},[44,66960,115],{"class":58},[44,66962,273],{"class":272},[44,66964,314],{"class":276},[44,66966,273],{"class":272},[44,66968,121],{"class":58},[44,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,66972,128],{"class":127},[44,66974,115],{"class":58},[44,66976,835],{"class":111},[44,66978,121],{"class":58},[20,66980,2028],{},[35,66982,66984],{"className":37,"code":66983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66985,66986,67014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66989,3856],{"class":58},[44,66991,3259],{"class":272},[44,66993,277],{"class":276},[44,66995,3259],{"class":272},[44,66997,66],{"class":58},[44,66999,3254],{"class":272},[44,67001,287],{"class":276},[44,67003,3259],{"class":272},[44,67005,66],{"class":58},[44,67007,3254],{"class":272},[44,67009,305],{"class":276},[44,67011,3259],{"class":272},[44,67013,72],{"class":58},[44,67015,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67017,3856],{"class":58},[44,67019,3259],{"class":272},[44,67021,277],{"class":276},[44,67023,3259],{"class":272},[44,67025,66],{"class":58},[44,67027,3254],{"class":272},[44,67029,287],{"class":276},[44,67031,3259],{"class":272},[44,67033,66],{"class":58},[44,67035,3254],{"class":272},[44,67037,305],{"class":276},[44,67039,3259],{"class":272},[44,67041,66],{"class":58},[44,67043,3254],{"class":272},[44,67045,314],{"class":276},[44,67047,3259],{"class":272},[44,67049,72],{"class":58},[20,67051,67052,67053,108],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[394,67054,571,67055,574],{"href":570},[15,67056,411],{},[20,67058,67059,67060,108],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[394,67061,578],{"href":577},[30,67063,1083],{"id":1082},[20,67065,1086,67066,108],{},[15,67067,1753],{},[420,67069,12545,67071],{"id":67070},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67072,1753],{},[20,67074,25641],{},[35,67076,67078],{"className":37,"code":67077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67079,67080,67100,67122,67126,67136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67081,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67083,51],{"class":50},[44,67085,55],{"class":54},[44,67087,59],{"class":58},[44,67089,63],{"class":62},[44,67091,66],{"class":58},[44,67093,69],{"class":62},[44,67095,66],{"class":58},[44,67097,2408],{"class":62},[44,67099,72],{"class":58},[44,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67103,911],{"class":50},[44,67105,55],{"class":54},[44,67107,916],{"class":50},[44,67109,108],{"class":58},[44,67111,53888],{"class":111},[44,67113,115],{"class":58},[44,67115,63],{"class":62},[44,67117,66],{"class":58},[44,67119,10147],{"class":62},[44,67121,121],{"class":58},[44,67123,67124],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67125,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,67127,67128,67130,67132,67134],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67129,128],{"class":127},[44,67131,115],{"class":58},[44,67133,943],{"class":111},[44,67135,121],{"class":58},[44,67137,67138,67140,67142,67144],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,67139,128],{"class":127},[44,67141,115],{"class":58},[44,67143,105],{"class":111},[44,67145,121],{"class":58},[20,67147,2028],{},[35,67149,67151],{"className":37,"code":67150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67152,67153,67157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67154,67155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67156,11758],{"class":1582},[44,67158,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67160,3856],{"class":58},[44,67162,63],{"class":62},[44,67164,66],{"class":58},[44,67166,10147],{"class":62},[44,67168,66],{"class":58},[44,67170,69],{"class":62},[44,67172,66],{"class":58},[44,67174,2408],{"class":62},[44,67176,72],{"class":58},[20,67178,67179,54090,67181,108],{},[15,67180,1753],{},[15,67182,178],{},[20,67184,16593],{},[35,67186,67188],{"className":37,"code":67187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67189,67190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67191,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67193,55817],{"class":50},[44,67195,55],{"class":54},[44,67197,916],{"class":50},[44,67199,108],{"class":58},[44,67201,53888],{"class":111},[44,67203,115],{"class":58},[44,67205,63],{"class":62},[44,67207,66],{"class":58},[44,67209,10147],{"class":62},[44,67211,121],{"class":58},[20,67213,67214],{},"Right:",[35,67216,67218],{"className":37,"code":67217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67219,67220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67221,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67223,105],{"class":50},[44,67225,108],{"class":58},[44,67227,53888],{"class":111},[44,67229,115],{"class":58},[44,67231,63],{"class":62},[44,67233,66],{"class":58},[44,67235,10147],{"class":62},[44,67237,121],{"class":58},[420,67239,67241],{"id":67240},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67243,67244],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67246,67247],{"className":37,"code":66100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67248,67249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67250,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67252,1447],{"class":50},[44,67254,108],{"class":58},[44,67256,53888],{"class":111},[44,67258,115],{"class":58},[44,67260,35798],{"class":111},[44,67262,66],{"class":58},[44,67264,29458],{"class":111},[44,67266,121],{"class":58},[20,67268,67269],{},"Not:",[35,67271,67273],{"className":37,"code":67272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67274,67275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67276,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67278,1447],{"class":50},[44,67280,108],{"class":58},[44,67282,53888],{"class":111},[44,67284,115],{"class":58},[44,67286,23261],{"class":111},[44,67288,66],{"class":58},[44,67290,35773],{"class":111},[44,67292,121],{"class":58},[20,67294,2164],{},[35,67296,67297],{"className":37,"code":66142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67298,67299,67323,67345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67300,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67302,672],{"class":50},[44,67304,55],{"class":54},[44,67306,59],{"class":58},[44,67308,273],{"class":272},[44,67310,394],{"class":276},[44,67312,273],{"class":272},[44,67314,66],{"class":58},[44,67316,284],{"class":272},[44,67318,9689],{"class":276},[44,67320,273],{"class":272},[44,67322,72],{"class":58},[44,67324,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67326,689],{"class":50},[44,67328,108],{"class":58},[44,67330,53888],{"class":111},[44,67332,115],{"class":58},[44,67334,63],{"class":62},[44,67336,66],{"class":58},[44,67338,284],{"class":272},[44,67340,4714],{"class":276},[44,67342,273],{"class":272},[44,67344,121],{"class":58},[44,67346,67347,67349,67351,67353],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67348,128],{"class":127},[44,67350,115],{"class":58},[44,67352,689],{"class":111},[44,67354,121],{"class":58},[20,67356,2028],{},[35,67358,67359],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67360,67361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67362,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381,67383,67385,67387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67364,3856],{"class":58},[44,67366,3259],{"class":272},[44,67368,394],{"class":276},[44,67370,3259],{"class":272},[44,67372,66],{"class":58},[44,67374,3254],{"class":272},[44,67376,4714],{"class":276},[44,67378,3259],{"class":272},[44,67380,66],{"class":58},[44,67382,3254],{"class":272},[44,67384,9689],{"class":276},[44,67386,3259],{"class":272},[44,67388,72],{"class":58},[420,67390,8399,67392,67394],{"id":67391},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67393,1753],{}," to replace an item",[20,67396,67397,67399],{},[15,67398,1753],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67401,67403],{"className":37,"code":67402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67404,67405,67425,67443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67408,51],{"class":50},[44,67410,55],{"class":54},[44,67412,59],{"class":58},[44,67414,63],{"class":62},[44,67416,66],{"class":58},[44,67418,69],{"class":62},[44,67420,66],{"class":58},[44,67422,2408],{"class":62},[44,67424,72],{"class":58},[44,67426,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67428,105],{"class":50},[44,67430,108],{"class":58},[44,67432,53888],{"class":111},[44,67434,115],{"class":58},[44,67436,63],{"class":62},[44,67438,66],{"class":58},[44,67440,10147],{"class":62},[44,67442,121],{"class":58},[44,67444,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67446,128],{"class":127},[44,67448,115],{"class":58},[44,67450,105],{"class":111},[44,67452,121],{"class":58},[20,67454,2028],{},[35,67456,67458],{"className":37,"code":67457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67459,67460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67461,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67463,3856],{"class":58},[44,67465,63],{"class":62},[44,67467,66],{"class":58},[44,67469,10147],{"class":62},[44,67471,66],{"class":58},[44,67473,69],{"class":62},[44,67475,66],{"class":58},[44,67477,2408],{"class":62},[44,67479,72],{"class":58},[20,67481,67482],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67484,67486],{"className":37,"code":67485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67487,67488,67508,67522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67491,51],{"class":50},[44,67493,55],{"class":54},[44,67495,59],{"class":58},[44,67497,63],{"class":62},[44,67499,66],{"class":58},[44,67501,69],{"class":62},[44,67503,66],{"class":58},[44,67505,2408],{"class":62},[44,67507,72],{"class":58},[44,67509,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67511,105],{"class":50},[44,67513,3856],{"class":58},[44,67515,63],{"class":62},[44,67517,13224],{"class":58},[44,67519,13227],{"class":54},[44,67521,14079],{"class":62},[44,67523,67524,67526,67528,67530],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67525,128],{"class":127},[44,67527,115],{"class":58},[44,67529,105],{"class":111},[44,67531,121],{"class":58},[20,67533,2028],{},[35,67535,67537],{"className":37,"code":67536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67538,67539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67540,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67542,3856],{"class":58},[44,67544,63],{"class":62},[44,67546,66],{"class":58},[44,67548,10147],{"class":62},[44,67550,66],{"class":58},[44,67552,2408],{"class":62},[44,67554,72],{"class":58},[420,67556,67558],{"id":67557},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67560,67561,67563],{},[15,67562,1753],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67565,67566],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67568,67570],{"className":37,"code":67569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67571,67572,67588,67612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67575,51],{"class":50},[44,67577,55],{"class":54},[44,67579,59],{"class":58},[44,67581,63],{"class":62},[44,67583,66],{"class":58},[44,67585,90],{"class":62},[44,67587,72],{"class":58},[44,67589,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67591,105],{"class":50},[44,67593,108],{"class":58},[44,67595,53888],{"class":111},[44,67597,115],{"class":58},[44,67599,63],{"class":62},[44,67601,66],{"class":58},[44,67603,59],{"class":58},[44,67605,801],{"class":62},[44,67607,66],{"class":58},[44,67609,2408],{"class":62},[44,67611,466],{"class":58},[44,67613,67614,67616,67618,67620],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67615,128],{"class":127},[44,67617,115],{"class":58},[44,67619,105],{"class":111},[44,67621,121],{"class":58},[20,67623,2028],{},[35,67625,67627],{"className":37,"code":67626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67628,67629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67630,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67632,3856],{"class":58},[44,67634,63],{"class":62},[44,67636,66],{"class":58},[44,67638,59],{"class":58},[44,67640,801],{"class":62},[44,67642,66],{"class":58},[44,67644,2408],{"class":62},[44,67646,18012],{"class":58},[44,67648,90],{"class":62},[44,67650,72],{"class":58},[20,67652,67653,67654,108],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[394,67655,571,67656,574],{"href":53288},[15,67657,17],{},[420,67659,67661],{"id":67660},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67663,8823,67664,67666],{},[15,67665,1753],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67668,67670],{"className":37,"code":67669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67671,67672,67682,67696,67714,67728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67673,67674,67676,67678,67680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67675,128],{"class":127},[44,67677,115],{"class":58},[44,67679,1447],{"class":111},[44,67681,121],{"class":58},[44,67683,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67685,128],{"class":127},[44,67687,115],{"class":58},[44,67689,11112],{"class":127},[44,67691,115],{"class":58},[44,67693,1447],{"class":111},[44,67695,637],{"class":58},[44,67697,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67699,128],{"class":127},[44,67701,115],{"class":58},[44,67703,1447],{"class":111},[44,67705,108],{"class":58},[44,67707,53888],{"class":1492},[44,67709,108],{"class":58},[44,67711,34396],{"class":34403},[44,67713,121],{"class":58},[44,67715,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67717,1483],{"class":127},[44,67719,115],{"class":58},[44,67721,226],{"class":1458},[44,67723,108],{"class":58},[44,67725,53888],{"class":1492},[44,67727,121],{"class":58},[44,67729,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,67731,1459],{"class":1458},[44,67733,115],{"class":58},[44,67735,1447],{"class":111},[44,67737,121],{"class":58},[20,67739,67740],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[161,67742,67743,67746,67749,67752],{},[164,67744,67745],{},"What is currently in the list",[164,67747,67748],{},"How long the list is",[164,67750,67751],{},"That you are working with a real list",[164,67753,67754],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67756,1638,67758],{"id":67757},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67759,1753],{},[20,67761,144,67762,67764],{},[15,67763,1753],{}," when position matters.",[20,67766,36375],{},[161,67768,67769,67772,67775,67778],{},[164,67770,67771],{},"Ordered menus",[164,67773,67774],{},"Rankings or score lists",[164,67776,67777],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[164,67779,67780],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67782,67783,67784,67786,67787,67789,67790,67792],{},"You usually do ",[214,67785,4583],{}," need ",[15,67788,1753],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67791,411],{}," is simpler.",[20,67794,67795,67796,108],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[394,67797,402],{"href":401},[30,67799,1757],{"id":1756},[420,67801,1761,67803,1764],{"id":67802},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67804,53848],{},[20,67806,67807,67808,108],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67809,178],{},[420,67811,67813],{"id":67812},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67815,67816],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[420,67818,5124,67820,67822],{"id":67819},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67821,53848],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67824,67825,67826,67828],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67827,17],{}," or slicing.",[420,67830,1773,67832,398,67834,1778],{"id":67831},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67833,1753],{},[15,67835,411],{},[20,67837,67838,67840,67841,67843],{},[15,67839,1753],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67842,411],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,67845,1821],{"id":1820},[161,67847,67848,67854,67860,67864,67868,67872],{},[164,67849,67850],{},[394,67851,571,67852,574],{"href":570},[15,67853,411],{},[164,67855,67856],{},[394,67857,571,67858,574],{"href":53288},[15,67859,17],{},[164,67861,67862],{},[394,67863,1834],{"href":577},[164,67865,67866],{},[394,67867,397],{"href":396},[164,67869,67870],{},[394,67871,1839],{"href":401},[164,67873,67874],{},[394,67875,30299,67876,33583],{"href":54231},[15,67877,67878],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1872,67880,67881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":67883},[67884,67886,67887,67888,67894,67901,67910,67912,67921],{"id":66069,"depth":75,"text":67885},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385},{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":66441,"depth":75,"text":66442,"children":67889},[67890,67891,67892,67893],{"id":66453,"depth":95,"text":66454},{"id":66544,"depth":95,"text":66545},{"id":66630,"depth":95,"text":66631},{"id":66716,"depth":95,"text":66717},{"id":66846,"depth":75,"text":67895,"children":67896},"insert() vs append()",[67897,67899],{"id":66856,"depth":95,"text":67898},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66869,"depth":95,"text":67900},"Use append() when:",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":67902},[67903,67905,67906,67908,67909],{"id":67070,"depth":95,"text":67904},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67240,"depth":95,"text":67241},{"id":67391,"depth":95,"text":67907},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67557,"depth":95,"text":67558},{"id":67660,"depth":95,"text":67661},{"id":67757,"depth":75,"text":67911},"When to use insert()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":67913},[67914,67916,67917,67919],{"id":67802,"depth":95,"text":67915},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67812,"depth":95,"text":67813},{"id":67819,"depth":95,"text":67918},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67831,"depth":95,"text":67920},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65979,"description":67922},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67929,"title":67930,"body":67931,"description":69486,"extension":1921,"meta":69487,"navigation":98,"path":58896,"seo":69488,"stem":69489,"__hash__":69490},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67932,"toc":69459},[67933,67939,67948,67997,67999,68007,68013,68015,68033,68039,68044,68047,68050,68065,68067,68119,68121,68129,68137,68144,68146,68152,68217,68219,68227,68229,68248,68251,68302,68306,68311,68338,68340,68348,68351,68420,68422,68437,68443,68447,68456,68459,68514,68516,68524,68527,68529,68574,68576,68584,68590,68592,68600,68603,68605,68644,68646,68685,68690,68692,68694,68729,68732,68734,68772,68776,68782,68784,68835,68837,68845,68852,68855,68876,68879,68934,68945,68947,69008,69010,69019,69026,69032,69035,69038,69095,69098,69111,69118,69124,69130,69132,69145,69148,69245,69247,69264,69267,69349,69351,69373,69380,69386,69388,69392,69398,69404,69409,69413,69416,69422,69429,69431,69456],[10,67934,67936,67937,1476],{"id":67935},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67938,11112],{},[20,67940,67941,67942,67944,67945,67947],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67943,42312],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67946,42312],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67949,67951],{"className":37,"code":67950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67952,67953,67973,67987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67954,67955,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67956,51],{"class":50},[44,67958,55],{"class":54},[44,67960,59],{"class":58},[44,67962,2287],{"class":62},[44,67964,66],{"class":58},[44,67966,7738],{"class":62},[44,67968,66],{"class":58},[44,67970,7743],{"class":62},[44,67972,72],{"class":58},[44,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,67976,41193],{"class":50},[44,67978,55],{"class":54},[44,67980,38337],{"class":127},[44,67982,115],{"class":58},[44,67984,105],{"class":111},[44,67986,121],{"class":58},[44,67988,67989,67991,67993,67995],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,67990,128],{"class":127},[44,67992,115],{"class":58},[44,67994,41211],{"class":111},[44,67996,121],{"class":58},[20,67998,2028],{},[35,68000,68001],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68002,68003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68004,68005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68006,46568],{"class":62},[20,68008,144,68009,68012],{},[15,68010,68011],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,68014,15111],{"id":15110},[161,68016,68017,68022,68027,68030],{},[164,68018,4152,68019,68021],{},[15,68020,42312],{}," works with Python lists",[164,68023,68024,68025,11655],{},"What value ",[15,68026,42312],{},[164,68028,68029],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[164,68031,68032],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,68034,151,68036,68038],{"id":68035},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68037,42312],{}," returns for a list",[20,68040,68041,64851],{},[15,68042,68043],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68045,68046],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68048,68049],{},"A few important points:",[161,68051,68052,68055,68060],{},[164,68053,68054],{},"It counts list items",[164,68056,40857,68057,68059],{},[214,68058,4583],{}," count characters inside a string item",[164,68061,68062,68063],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68064,746],{},[20,68066,2164],{},[35,68068,68070],{"className":37,"code":68069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68071,68072,68105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68073,68074,68076,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68075,1253],{"class":50},[44,68077,55],{"class":54},[44,68079,59],{"class":58},[44,68081,273],{"class":272},[44,68083,36997],{"class":276},[44,68085,273],{"class":272},[44,68087,66],{"class":58},[44,68089,284],{"class":272},[44,68091,68092],{"class":276},"elephant",[44,68094,273],{"class":272},[44,68096,66],{"class":58},[44,68098,284],{"class":272},[44,68100,58050],{"class":276},[44,68102,273],{"class":272},[44,68104,72],{"class":58},[44,68106,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68108,128],{"class":127},[44,68110,115],{"class":58},[44,68112,11112],{"class":127},[44,68114,115],{"class":58},[44,68116,1271],{"class":111},[44,68118,637],{"class":58},[20,68120,2028],{},[35,68122,68123],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68124,68125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68126,68127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68128,46568],{"class":62},[20,68130,20928,68131,68134,68135,64858],{},[15,68132,68133],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[214,68136,52604],{},[20,68138,68139,68140,108],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[394,68141,3536,68142,3469],{"href":42309},[15,68143,42312],{},[30,68145,5738],{"id":5737},[20,68147,68148,68149,68151],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68150,42312],{},", and print the result.",[35,68153,68155],{"className":37,"code":68154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68156,68157,68189,68203,68207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68158,68159,68161,68163,68165,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68160,13026],{"class":50},[44,68162,55],{"class":54},[44,68164,59],{"class":58},[44,68166,273],{"class":272},[44,68168,13043],{"class":276},[44,68170,273],{"class":272},[44,68172,66],{"class":58},[44,68174,284],{"class":272},[44,68176,17405],{"class":276},[44,68178,273],{"class":272},[44,68180,66],{"class":58},[44,68182,284],{"class":272},[44,68184,13060],{"class":276},[44,68186,273],{"class":272},[44,68188,72],{"class":58},[44,68190,68191,68193,68195,68197,68199,68201],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68192,41193],{"class":50},[44,68194,55],{"class":54},[44,68196,38337],{"class":127},[44,68198,115],{"class":58},[44,68200,17452],{"class":111},[44,68202,121],{"class":58},[44,68204,68205],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,68206,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,68208,68209,68211,68213,68215],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68210,128],{"class":127},[44,68212,115],{"class":58},[44,68214,41211],{"class":111},[44,68216,121],{"class":58},[20,68218,2028],{},[35,68220,68221],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68222,68223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68224,68225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68226,46568],{"class":62},[20,68228,361],{},[161,68230,68231,68236,68243],{},[164,68232,68233,68235],{},[15,68234,17452],{}," is a list with 3 items",[164,68237,68238,877,68241],{},[15,68239,68240],{},"len(colors)",[15,68242,85],{},[164,68244,68245,68246],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68247,41211],{},[20,68249,68250],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68252,68254],{"className":37,"code":68253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68255,68256,68288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68257,68258,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68259,13026],{"class":50},[44,68261,55],{"class":54},[44,68263,59],{"class":58},[44,68265,273],{"class":272},[44,68267,13043],{"class":276},[44,68269,273],{"class":272},[44,68271,66],{"class":58},[44,68273,284],{"class":272},[44,68275,17405],{"class":276},[44,68277,273],{"class":272},[44,68279,66],{"class":58},[44,68281,284],{"class":272},[44,68283,13060],{"class":276},[44,68285,273],{"class":272},[44,68287,72],{"class":58},[44,68289,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68291,128],{"class":127},[44,68293,115],{"class":58},[44,68295,11112],{"class":127},[44,68297,115],{"class":58},[44,68299,17452],{"class":111},[44,68301,637],{"class":58},[30,68303,68305],{"id":68304},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68307,68308,68309,108],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68310,746],{},[35,68312,68314],{"className":37,"code":68313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68315,68316,68324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68317,68318,68320,68322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68319,818],{"class":50},[44,68321,55],{"class":54},[44,68323,7786],{"class":58},[44,68325,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68327,128],{"class":127},[44,68329,115],{"class":58},[44,68331,11112],{"class":127},[44,68333,115],{"class":58},[44,68335,835],{"class":111},[44,68337,637],{"class":58},[20,68339,2028],{},[35,68341,68342],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68343,68344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68345,68346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68347,47203],{"class":62},[20,68349,68350],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68352,68354],{"className":37,"code":68353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68355,68356,68364,68368,68386,68400,68406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68357,68358,68360,68362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68359,818],{"class":50},[44,68361,55],{"class":54},[44,68363,7786],{"class":58},[44,68365,68366],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68367,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,68369,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,68371,6944],{"class":3832},[44,68373,38337],{"class":127},[44,68375,115],{"class":58},[44,68377,835],{"class":111},[44,68379,1476],{"class":58},[44,68381,38347],{"class":54},[44,68383,3790],{"class":62},[44,68385,6344],{"class":58},[44,68387,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68389,8017],{"class":127},[44,68391,115],{"class":58},[44,68393,835],{"class":111},[44,68395,3856],{"class":58},[44,68397,746],{"class":62},[44,68399,466],{"class":58},[44,68401,68402,68404],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,68403,27385],{"class":3832},[44,68405,6344],{"class":58},[44,68407,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,68409,8017],{"class":127},[44,68411,115],{"class":58},[44,68413,273],{"class":272},[44,68415,51765],{"class":276},[44,68417,273],{"class":272},[44,68419,121],{"class":58},[20,68421,2028],{},[35,68423,68425],{"className":37,"code":68424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68426,68427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68428,68429,68431,68433,68435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68430,1938],{"class":50},[44,68432,226],{"class":1458},[44,68434,8044],{"class":54},[44,68436,8050],{"class":50},[20,68438,68439,68440,68442],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[394,68441,397],{"href":396}," is a good next step.",[30,68444,68446],{"id":68445},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68448,68449,68451,68452,68455],{},[15,68450,42312],{}," counts only the ",[214,68453,68454],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68457,68458],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68460,68462],{"className":37,"code":68461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68463,68464,68500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68465,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68467,9114],{"class":50},[44,68469,55],{"class":54},[44,68471,56220],{"class":58},[44,68473,63],{"class":62},[44,68475,66],{"class":58},[44,68477,69],{"class":62},[44,68479,18012],{"class":58},[44,68481,59],{"class":58},[44,68483,85],{"class":62},[44,68485,66],{"class":58},[44,68487,90],{"class":62},[44,68489,18012],{"class":58},[44,68491,59],{"class":58},[44,68493,1410],{"class":62},[44,68495,66],{"class":58},[44,68497,37594],{"class":62},[44,68499,53186],{"class":58},[44,68501,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68503,128],{"class":127},[44,68505,115],{"class":58},[44,68507,11112],{"class":127},[44,68509,115],{"class":58},[44,68511,9153],{"class":111},[44,68513,637],{"class":58},[20,68515,2028],{},[35,68517,68518],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68519,68520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68521,68522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68523,46568],{"class":62},[20,68525,68526],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68528,52029],{},[35,68530,68532],{"className":37,"code":68531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68533,68534,68560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68535,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552,68554,68556,68558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68537,59396],{"class":50},[44,68539,55],{"class":54},[44,68541,59],{"class":58},[44,68543,63],{"class":62},[44,68545,66],{"class":58},[44,68547,59],{"class":58},[44,68549,801],{"class":62},[44,68551,66],{"class":58},[44,68553,2408],{"class":62},[44,68555,18012],{"class":58},[44,68557,90],{"class":62},[44,68559,72],{"class":58},[44,68561,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68563,128],{"class":127},[44,68565,115],{"class":58},[44,68567,11112],{"class":127},[44,68569,115],{"class":58},[44,68571,59449],{"class":111},[44,68573,637],{"class":58},[20,68575,2028],{},[35,68577,68578],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68579,68580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68581,68582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68583,46568],{"class":62},[20,68585,20928,68586,68589],{},[15,68587,68588],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68591,1083],{"id":1082},[420,68593,582,68595,11042,68598],{"id":68594},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68596,68597],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68599,68043],{},[20,68601,68602],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68604,16593],{},[35,68606,68608],{"className":37,"code":68607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68609,68610,68630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68611,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68613,51],{"class":50},[44,68615,55],{"class":54},[44,68617,59],{"class":58},[44,68619,2287],{"class":62},[44,68621,66],{"class":58},[44,68623,7738],{"class":62},[44,68625,66],{"class":58},[44,68627,7743],{"class":62},[44,68629,72],{"class":58},[44,68631,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68633,128],{"class":127},[44,68635,115],{"class":58},[44,68637,105],{"class":111},[44,68639,108],{"class":58},[44,68641,11112],{"class":111},[44,68643,7141],{"class":58},[20,68645,16605],{},[35,68647,68649],{"className":37,"code":68648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68650,68651,68671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68652,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68654,51],{"class":50},[44,68656,55],{"class":54},[44,68658,59],{"class":58},[44,68660,2287],{"class":62},[44,68662,66],{"class":58},[44,68664,7738],{"class":62},[44,68666,66],{"class":58},[44,68668,7743],{"class":62},[44,68670,72],{"class":58},[44,68672,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68674,128],{"class":127},[44,68676,115],{"class":58},[44,68678,11112],{"class":127},[44,68680,115],{"class":58},[44,68682,105],{"class":111},[44,68684,637],{"class":58},[20,68686,68687,68689],{},[15,68688,42312],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[420,68691,25638],{"id":25637},[20,68693,16593],{},[35,68695,68697],{"className":37,"code":68696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68698,68699,68719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68700,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68702,51],{"class":50},[44,68704,55],{"class":54},[44,68706,59],{"class":58},[44,68708,2287],{"class":62},[44,68710,66],{"class":58},[44,68712,7738],{"class":62},[44,68714,66],{"class":58},[44,68716,7743],{"class":62},[44,68718,72],{"class":58},[44,68720,68721,68723,68725,68727],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68722,128],{"class":127},[44,68724,115],{"class":58},[44,68726,11112],{"class":127},[44,68728,121],{"class":58},[20,68730,68731],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68733,16605],{},[35,68735,68736],{"className":37,"code":68648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68737,68738,68758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68739,68740,68742,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68741,51],{"class":50},[44,68743,55],{"class":54},[44,68745,59],{"class":58},[44,68747,2287],{"class":62},[44,68749,66],{"class":58},[44,68751,7738],{"class":62},[44,68753,66],{"class":58},[44,68755,7743],{"class":62},[44,68757,72],{"class":58},[44,68759,68760,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68761,128],{"class":127},[44,68763,115],{"class":58},[44,68765,11112],{"class":127},[44,68767,115],{"class":58},[44,68769,105],{"class":111},[44,68771,637],{"class":58},[420,68773,68775],{"id":68774},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68777,68778,68779,68781],{},"The length of a list is ",[214,68780,4583],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68783,2164],{},[35,68785,68787],{"className":37,"code":68786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68788,68789,68821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68790,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68792,672],{"class":50},[44,68794,55],{"class":54},[44,68796,59],{"class":58},[44,68798,273],{"class":272},[44,68800,394],{"class":276},[44,68802,273],{"class":272},[44,68804,66],{"class":58},[44,68806,284],{"class":272},[44,68808,4714],{"class":276},[44,68810,273],{"class":272},[44,68812,66],{"class":58},[44,68814,284],{"class":272},[44,68816,9689],{"class":276},[44,68818,273],{"class":272},[44,68820,72],{"class":58},[44,68822,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68824,128],{"class":127},[44,68826,115],{"class":58},[44,68828,11112],{"class":127},[44,68830,115],{"class":58},[44,68832,689],{"class":111},[44,68834,637],{"class":58},[20,68836,2028],{},[35,68838,68839],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68840,68841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68842,68843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68844,46568],{"class":62},[20,68846,68847,68848,18913,68850,108],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68849,801],{},[15,68851,85],{},[20,68853,68854],{},"Indexes are:",[161,68856,68857,68864,68870],{},[164,68858,68859,68861,68862],{},[15,68860,746],{}," for ",[15,68863,18046],{},[164,68865,68866,68861,68868],{},[15,68867,63],{},[15,68869,65361],{},[164,68871,68872,68861,68874],{},[15,68873,801],{},[15,68875,66247],{},[20,68877,68878],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68880,68882],{"className":37,"code":68881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68883,68884,68916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68885,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68887,672],{"class":50},[44,68889,55],{"class":54},[44,68891,59],{"class":58},[44,68893,273],{"class":272},[44,68895,394],{"class":276},[44,68897,273],{"class":272},[44,68899,66],{"class":58},[44,68901,284],{"class":272},[44,68903,4714],{"class":276},[44,68905,273],{"class":272},[44,68907,66],{"class":58},[44,68909,284],{"class":272},[44,68911,9689],{"class":276},[44,68913,273],{"class":272},[44,68915,72],{"class":58},[44,68917,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68919,128],{"class":127},[44,68921,115],{"class":58},[44,68923,689],{"class":111},[44,68925,3856],{"class":58},[44,68927,11112],{"class":127},[44,68929,115],{"class":58},[44,68931,689],{"class":111},[44,68933,10629],{"class":58},[20,68935,8442,68936,4737,68939,68941,68942,68944],{},[15,68937,68938],{},"len(letters)",[15,68940,85],{},", and index ",[15,68943,85],{}," does not exist.",[20,68946,18790],{},[35,68948,68950],{"className":37,"code":68949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68951,68952,68984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68953,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68955,672],{"class":50},[44,68957,55],{"class":54},[44,68959,59],{"class":58},[44,68961,273],{"class":272},[44,68963,394],{"class":276},[44,68965,273],{"class":272},[44,68967,66],{"class":58},[44,68969,284],{"class":272},[44,68971,4714],{"class":276},[44,68973,273],{"class":272},[44,68975,66],{"class":58},[44,68977,284],{"class":272},[44,68979,9689],{"class":276},[44,68981,273],{"class":272},[44,68983,72],{"class":58},[44,68985,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002,69004,69006],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,68987,128],{"class":127},[44,68989,115],{"class":58},[44,68991,689],{"class":111},[44,68993,3856],{"class":58},[44,68995,11112],{"class":127},[44,68997,115],{"class":58},[44,68999,689],{"class":111},[44,69001,1476],{"class":58},[44,69003,2179],{"class":54},[44,69005,5450],{"class":62},[44,69007,466],{"class":58},[20,69009,2028],{},[35,69011,69013],{"className":37,"code":69012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,69014,69015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69016,69017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69018,69012],{"class":50},[20,69020,69021,69022,108],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[394,69023,69025],{"href":69024},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[420,69027,582,69029,69031],{"id":69028},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69030,42312],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69033,69034],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69036,69037],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,69039,69041],{"className":37,"code":69040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69042,69043,69053,69067,69081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69044,69045,69047,69049,69051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69046,128],{"class":127},[44,69048,115],{"class":58},[44,69050,1447],{"class":111},[44,69052,121],{"class":58},[44,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69056,128],{"class":127},[44,69058,115],{"class":58},[44,69060,11112],{"class":127},[44,69062,115],{"class":58},[44,69064,1447],{"class":111},[44,69066,637],{"class":58},[44,69068,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69070,128],{"class":127},[44,69072,115],{"class":58},[44,69074,1459],{"class":1458},[44,69076,115],{"class":58},[44,69078,1447],{"class":111},[44,69080,637],{"class":58},[44,69082,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69084,128],{"class":127},[44,69086,115],{"class":58},[44,69088,1447],{"class":111},[44,69090,3856],{"class":58},[44,69092,746],{"class":62},[44,69094,466],{"class":58},[20,69096,69097],{},"These help you verify:",[161,69099,69100,69103,69105,69108],{},[164,69101,69102],{},"what the variable contains",[164,69104,60706],{},[164,69106,69107],{},"whether it is really a list",[164,69109,69110],{},"what the first item is",[20,69112,69113,69114,69117],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69115,69116],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69119,1638,69121,69123],{"id":69120},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69122,42312],{}," with lists",[20,69125,69126,69127,69129],{},"You will often use ",[15,69128,42312],{}," in real programs.",[20,69131,9323],{},[161,69133,69134,69136,69139,69142],{},[164,69135,51719],{},[164,69137,69138],{},"Control loops",[164,69140,69141],{},"Validate input or results",[164,69143,69144],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69146,69147],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69149,69151],{"className":37,"code":69150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69152,69153,69173,69189,69193,69207,69221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69154,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69156,2511],{"class":50},[44,69158,55],{"class":54},[44,69160,59],{"class":58},[44,69162,63],{"class":62},[44,69164,66],{"class":58},[44,69166,69],{"class":62},[44,69168,66],{"class":58},[44,69170,2408],{"class":62},[44,69172,72],{"class":58},[44,69174,69175,69177,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69176,2539],{"class":50},[44,69178,55],{"class":54},[44,69180,59],{"class":58},[44,69182,2287],{"class":62},[44,69184,66],{"class":58},[44,69186,7738],{"class":62},[44,69188,72],{"class":58},[44,69190,69191],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69192,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69194,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69196,128],{"class":127},[44,69198,115],{"class":58},[44,69200,11112],{"class":127},[44,69202,115],{"class":58},[44,69204,394],{"class":111},[44,69206,637],{"class":58},[44,69208,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,69210,128],{"class":127},[44,69212,115],{"class":58},[44,69214,11112],{"class":127},[44,69216,115],{"class":58},[44,69218,4714],{"class":111},[44,69220,637],{"class":58},[44,69222,69223,69225,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,69224,128],{"class":127},[44,69226,115],{"class":58},[44,69228,11112],{"class":127},[44,69230,115],{"class":58},[44,69232,394],{"class":111},[44,69234,1476],{"class":58},[44,69236,38347],{"class":54},[44,69238,38337],{"class":127},[44,69240,115],{"class":58},[44,69242,4714],{"class":111},[44,69244,637],{"class":58},[20,69246,2028],{},[35,69248,69250],{"className":37,"code":69249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69251,69252,69256,69260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69253,69254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69255,46568],{"class":62},[44,69257,69258],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69259,17006],{"class":62},[44,69261,69262],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69263,3936],{"class":1582},[20,69265,69266],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69268,69270],{"className":37,"code":69269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69271,69272,69304,69308,69330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69273,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282,69284,69286,69288,69290,69292,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69275,4948],{"class":50},[44,69277,55],{"class":54},[44,69279,59],{"class":58},[44,69281,273],{"class":272},[44,69283,12830],{"class":276},[44,69285,273],{"class":272},[44,69287,66],{"class":58},[44,69289,284],{"class":272},[44,69291,35893],{"class":276},[44,69293,273],{"class":272},[44,69295,66],{"class":58},[44,69297,284],{"class":272},[44,69299,35902],{"class":276},[44,69301,273],{"class":272},[44,69303,72],{"class":58},[44,69305,69306],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69307,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69309,69310,69312,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69311,5909],{"class":3832},[44,69313,69314],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69316,3839],{"class":3832},[44,69318,54007],{"class":127},[44,69320,115],{"class":58},[44,69322,11112],{"class":127},[44,69324,115],{"class":58},[44,69326,4992],{"class":111},[44,69328,69329],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,69331,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69343,69345,69347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69333,8017],{"class":127},[44,69335,115],{"class":58},[44,69337,36105],{"class":111},[44,69339,66],{"class":58},[44,69341,69342],{"class":111}," names",[44,69344,3856],{"class":58},[44,69346,36105],{"class":111},[44,69348,466],{"class":58},[20,69350,2028],{},[35,69352,69353],{"className":37,"code":35951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69354,69355,69361,69367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69356,69357,69359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69358,746],{"class":62},[44,69360,35960],{"class":50},[44,69362,69363,69365],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69364,63],{"class":62},[44,69366,35967],{"class":50},[44,69368,69369,69371],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69370,801],{"class":62},[44,69372,35974],{"class":50},[20,69374,69375,69376,108],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[394,69377,69379],{"href":69378},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69381,69382,69383,69385],{},"You can also read ",[394,69384,51496],{"href":51495}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69387,1757],{"id":1756},[420,69389,69391],{"id":69390},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69393,144,69394,69397],{},[15,69395,69396],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[420,69399,5096,69401,12666],{"id":69400},"what-does-len-return",[15,69402,69403],{},"len([])",[20,69405,5102,69406,69408],{},[15,69407,746],{}," because the list is empty.",[420,69410,69412],{"id":69411},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69414,69415],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[420,69417,1790,69419,69421],{"id":69418},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69420,68597],{}," in Python?",[20,69423,30222,69424,8170,69426,69428],{},[15,69425,68043],{},[15,69427,42312],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69430,1821],{"id":1820},[161,69432,69433,69439,69443,69447,69451],{},[164,69434,69435],{},[394,69436,3536,69437,3469],{"href":42309},[15,69438,42312],{},[164,69440,69441],{},[394,69442,52540],{"href":51495},[164,69444,69445],{},[394,69446,397],{"href":396},[164,69448,69449],{},[394,69450,69025],{"href":69024},[164,69452,69453],{},[394,69454,69455],{"href":69378},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1872,69457,69458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":69460},[69461,69462,69464,69465,69466,69467,69475,69477,69485],{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":68035,"depth":75,"text":69463},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":68304,"depth":75,"text":68305},{"id":68445,"depth":75,"text":68446},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":69468},[69469,69471,69472,69473],{"id":68594,"depth":95,"text":69470},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25637,"depth":95,"text":25638},{"id":68774,"depth":95,"text":68775},{"id":69028,"depth":95,"text":69474},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69120,"depth":75,"text":69476},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":69478},[69479,69480,69482,69483],{"id":69390,"depth":95,"text":69391},{"id":69400,"depth":95,"text":69481},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69411,"depth":95,"text":69412},{"id":69418,"depth":95,"text":69484},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67930,"description":69486},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69492,"title":69493,"body":69494,"description":71476,"extension":1921,"meta":71477,"navigation":98,"path":71478,"seo":71479,"stem":71480,"__hash__":71481},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69495,"toc":71449},[69496,69499,69504,69507,69515,69528,69530,69595,69597,69619,69624,69628,69633,69641,69643,69653,69655,69736,69738,69768,69770,69789,69794,69811,69813,69897,69899,69929,69934,69938,69944,70028,70030,70060,70063,70067,70070,70161,70163,70201,70204,70289,70291,70321,70327,70334,70338,70343,70352,70354,70439,70441,70470,70473,70481,70485,70489,70498,70521,70523,70545,70547,70561,70563,70623,70627,70632,70671,70673,70690,70692,70702,70801,70806,70810,70815,70858,70860,70888,70890,70904,70979,70981,71003,71007,71010,71015,71026,71031,71039,71042,71113,71115,71140,71197,71199,71220,71229,71237,71242,71244,71249,71270,71273,71348,71351,71365,71372,71374,71378,71384,71388,71398,71402,71409,71413,71419,71421,71446],[10,69497,69493],{"id":69498},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69500,69501,69503],{},[15,69502,55013],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69505,69506],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[161,69508,69509,69512],{},[164,69510,69511],{},"delete an item from a list",[164,69513,69514],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69516,69517,69518,69520,69521,8652,69523,69527],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69519,12713],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69522,12713],{},[394,69524,69525],{"href":55003},[15,69526,55458],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69529,33],{"id":32},[35,69531,69533],{"className":37,"code":69532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69534,69535,69555,69570,69574,69585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69536,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545,69547,69549,69551,69553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69538,51],{"class":50},[44,69540,55],{"class":54},[44,69542,59],{"class":58},[44,69544,2287],{"class":62},[44,69546,66],{"class":58},[44,69548,7738],{"class":62},[44,69550,66],{"class":58},[44,69552,7743],{"class":62},[44,69554,72],{"class":58},[44,69556,69557,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69558,69559],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69561,55],{"class":54},[44,69563,916],{"class":50},[44,69565,108],{"class":58},[44,69567,26192],{"class":111},[44,69569,8590],{"class":58},[44,69571,69572],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69573,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69575,69576,69578,69580,69583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69577,128],{"class":127},[44,69579,115],{"class":58},[44,69581,69582],{"class":111},"last_item",[44,69584,121],{"class":58},[44,69586,69587,69589,69591,69593],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,69588,128],{"class":127},[44,69590,115],{"class":58},[44,69592,105],{"class":111},[44,69594,121],{"class":58},[20,69596,2028],{},[35,69598,69600],{"className":37,"code":69599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69601,69602,69607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69603,69604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69605,69606],{"class":62},"30\n",[44,69608,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69610,3856],{"class":58},[44,69612,2287],{"class":62},[44,69614,66],{"class":58},[44,69616,7738],{"class":62},[44,69618,72],{"class":58},[20,69620,144,69621,69623],{},[15,69622,12713],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69625,69627],{"id":69626},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69629,69630,69632],{},[15,69631,12713],{}," has two main jobs:",[161,69634,69635,69638],{},[164,69636,69637],{},"It removes one item from a list",[164,69639,69640],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69642,43601],{},[161,69644,69645,69648,69651],{},[164,69646,69647],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[164,69649,69650],{},"It changes the original list",[164,69652,52692],{},[20,69654,2164],{},[35,69656,69658],{"className":37,"code":69657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69659,69660,69692,69696,69711,69715,69726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69661,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69663,13026],{"class":50},[44,69665,55],{"class":54},[44,69667,59],{"class":58},[44,69669,273],{"class":272},[44,69671,13043],{"class":276},[44,69673,273],{"class":272},[44,69675,66],{"class":58},[44,69677,284],{"class":272},[44,69679,17405],{"class":276},[44,69681,273],{"class":272},[44,69683,66],{"class":58},[44,69685,284],{"class":272},[44,69687,13060],{"class":276},[44,69689,273],{"class":272},[44,69691,72],{"class":58},[44,69693,69694],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69695,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69697,69698,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69699,69700],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69702,55],{"class":54},[44,69704,13074],{"class":50},[44,69706,108],{"class":58},[44,69708,26192],{"class":111},[44,69710,8590],{"class":58},[44,69712,69713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69714,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69716,69717,69719,69721,69724],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,69718,128],{"class":127},[44,69720,115],{"class":58},[44,69722,69723],{"class":111},"removed",[44,69725,121],{"class":58},[44,69727,69728,69730,69732,69734],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,69729,128],{"class":127},[44,69731,115],{"class":58},[44,69733,17452],{"class":111},[44,69735,121],{"class":58},[20,69737,2028],{},[35,69739,69741],{"className":37,"code":69740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69742,69743,69748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69744,69745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69746,69747],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69749,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69751,3856],{"class":58},[44,69753,3259],{"class":272},[44,69755,13043],{"class":276},[44,69757,3259],{"class":272},[44,69759,66],{"class":58},[44,69761,3254],{"class":272},[44,69763,17405],{"class":276},[44,69765,3259],{"class":272},[44,69767,72],{"class":58},[30,69769,188],{"id":187},[35,69771,69773],{"className":37,"code":69772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69774,69775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69776,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69778,226],{"class":1458},[44,69780,108],{"class":58},[44,69782,26192],{"class":111},[44,69784,457],{"class":58},[44,69786,35798],{"class":111},[44,69788,466],{"class":58},[20,69790,1938,69791,69793],{},[15,69792,35798],{}," is optional.",[161,69795,69796,69802,69808],{},[164,69797,69798,69799,69801],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69800,12713],{}," removes the last item",[164,69803,69804,69805,69807],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69806,12713],{}," removes the item at that position",[164,69809,69810],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69812,2164],{},[35,69814,69816],{"className":37,"code":69815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69817,69818,69850,69854,69873,69877,69887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69819,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69821,672],{"class":50},[44,69823,55],{"class":54},[44,69825,59],{"class":58},[44,69827,273],{"class":272},[44,69829,394],{"class":276},[44,69831,273],{"class":272},[44,69833,66],{"class":58},[44,69835,284],{"class":272},[44,69837,4714],{"class":276},[44,69839,273],{"class":272},[44,69841,66],{"class":58},[44,69843,284],{"class":272},[44,69845,9689],{"class":276},[44,69847,273],{"class":272},[44,69849,72],{"class":58},[44,69851,69852],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69853,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69855,69856,69858,69860,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69857,28489],{"class":50},[44,69859,55],{"class":54},[44,69861,69862],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69864,108],{"class":58},[44,69866,26192],{"class":111},[44,69868,115],{"class":58},[44,69870,63],{"class":62},[44,69872,121],{"class":58},[44,69874,69875],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69876,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69878,69879,69881,69883,69885],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,69880,128],{"class":127},[44,69882,115],{"class":58},[44,69884,23261],{"class":111},[44,69886,121],{"class":58},[44,69888,69889,69891,69893,69895],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,69890,128],{"class":127},[44,69892,115],{"class":58},[44,69894,689],{"class":111},[44,69896,121],{"class":58},[20,69898,2028],{},[35,69900,69902],{"className":37,"code":69901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69903,69904,69909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69905,69906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69907,69908],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69912,3856],{"class":58},[44,69914,3259],{"class":272},[44,69916,394],{"class":276},[44,69918,3259],{"class":272},[44,69920,66],{"class":58},[44,69922,3254],{"class":272},[44,69924,9689],{"class":276},[44,69926,3259],{"class":272},[44,69928,72],{"class":58},[20,69930,69931,69932,108],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[394,69933,397],{"href":396},[30,69935,69937],{"id":69936},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69939,69940,69941,69943],{},"When you call ",[15,69942,12713],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69945,69947],{"className":37,"code":69946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69948,69949,69984,69988,70003,70007,70018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69950,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69962,69964,69966,69968,69971,69973,69975,69977,69980,69982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69952,29849],{"class":50},[44,69954,55],{"class":54},[44,69956,59],{"class":58},[44,69958,273],{"class":272},[44,69960,69961],{"class":276},"write",[44,69963,273],{"class":272},[44,69965,66],{"class":58},[44,69967,284],{"class":272},[44,69969,69970],{"class":276},"test",[44,69972,273],{"class":272},[44,69974,66],{"class":58},[44,69976,284],{"class":272},[44,69978,69979],{"class":276},"submit",[44,69981,273],{"class":272},[44,69983,72],{"class":58},[44,69985,69986],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,69987,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,69989,69990,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,69991,69992],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69994,55],{"class":54},[44,69996,29927],{"class":50},[44,69998,108],{"class":58},[44,70000,26192],{"class":111},[44,70002,8590],{"class":58},[44,70004,70005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70006,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70008,70009,70011,70013,70016],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70010,128],{"class":127},[44,70012,115],{"class":58},[44,70014,70015],{"class":111},"last_task",[44,70017,121],{"class":58},[44,70019,70020,70022,70024,70026],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70021,128],{"class":127},[44,70023,115],{"class":58},[44,70025,36455],{"class":111},[44,70027,121],{"class":58},[20,70029,2028],{},[35,70031,70033],{"className":37,"code":70032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70034,70035,70040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70036,70037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70038,70039],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,70041,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050,70052,70054,70056,70058],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70043,3856],{"class":58},[44,70045,3259],{"class":272},[44,70047,69961],{"class":276},[44,70049,3259],{"class":272},[44,70051,66],{"class":58},[44,70053,3254],{"class":272},[44,70055,69970],{"class":276},[44,70057,3259],{"class":272},[44,70059,72],{"class":58},[20,70061,70062],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,70064,70066],{"id":70065},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70068,70069],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,70071,70073],{"className":37,"code":70072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70074,70075,70115,70119,70137,70141,70151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70076,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70078,265],{"class":50},[44,70080,55],{"class":54},[44,70082,59],{"class":58},[44,70084,273],{"class":272},[44,70086,277],{"class":276},[44,70088,273],{"class":272},[44,70090,66],{"class":58},[44,70092,284],{"class":272},[44,70094,287],{"class":276},[44,70096,273],{"class":272},[44,70098,66],{"class":58},[44,70100,284],{"class":272},[44,70102,4051],{"class":276},[44,70104,273],{"class":272},[44,70106,66],{"class":58},[44,70108,284],{"class":272},[44,70110,305],{"class":276},[44,70112,273],{"class":272},[44,70114,72],{"class":58},[44,70116,70117],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70118,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70120,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70122,69700],{"class":50},[44,70124,55],{"class":54},[44,70126,52797],{"class":50},[44,70128,108],{"class":58},[44,70130,26192],{"class":111},[44,70132,115],{"class":58},[44,70134,63],{"class":62},[44,70136,121],{"class":58},[44,70138,70139],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70140,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70142,70143,70145,70147,70149],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70144,128],{"class":127},[44,70146,115],{"class":58},[44,70148,69723],{"class":111},[44,70150,121],{"class":58},[44,70152,70153,70155,70157,70159],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70154,128],{"class":127},[44,70156,115],{"class":58},[44,70158,327],{"class":111},[44,70160,121],{"class":58},[20,70162,2028],{},[35,70164,70166],{"className":37,"code":70165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70167,70168,70173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70169,70170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70171,70172],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70174,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70176,3856],{"class":58},[44,70178,3259],{"class":272},[44,70180,277],{"class":276},[44,70182,3259],{"class":272},[44,70184,66],{"class":58},[44,70186,3254],{"class":272},[44,70188,4051],{"class":276},[44,70190,3259],{"class":272},[44,70192,66],{"class":58},[44,70194,3254],{"class":272},[44,70196,305],{"class":276},[44,70198,3259],{"class":272},[44,70200,72],{"class":58},[20,70202,70203],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70205,70207],{"className":37,"code":70206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70208,70209,70241,70245,70265,70269,70279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70210,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70212,265],{"class":50},[44,70214,55],{"class":54},[44,70216,59],{"class":58},[44,70218,273],{"class":272},[44,70220,277],{"class":276},[44,70222,273],{"class":272},[44,70224,66],{"class":58},[44,70226,284],{"class":272},[44,70228,287],{"class":276},[44,70230,273],{"class":272},[44,70232,66],{"class":58},[44,70234,284],{"class":272},[44,70236,4051],{"class":276},[44,70238,273],{"class":272},[44,70240,72],{"class":58},[44,70242,70243],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70244,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70246,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70248,69700],{"class":50},[44,70250,55],{"class":54},[44,70252,52797],{"class":50},[44,70254,108],{"class":58},[44,70256,26192],{"class":111},[44,70258,115],{"class":58},[44,70260,1980],{"class":54},[44,70262,63],{"class":62},[44,70264,121],{"class":58},[44,70266,70267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70268,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70270,70271,70273,70275,70277],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70272,128],{"class":127},[44,70274,115],{"class":58},[44,70276,69723],{"class":111},[44,70278,121],{"class":58},[44,70280,70281,70283,70285,70287],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70282,128],{"class":127},[44,70284,115],{"class":58},[44,70286,327],{"class":111},[44,70288,121],{"class":58},[20,70290,2028],{},[35,70292,70294],{"className":37,"code":70293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70295,70296,70301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70297,70298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70299,70300],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70302,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70304,3856],{"class":58},[44,70306,3259],{"class":272},[44,70308,277],{"class":276},[44,70310,3259],{"class":272},[44,70312,66],{"class":58},[44,70314,3254],{"class":272},[44,70316,287],{"class":276},[44,70318,3259],{"class":272},[44,70320,72],{"class":58},[20,70322,70323,70324,70326],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70325,65620],{}," means the last item.",[20,70328,70329,70330,108],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[394,70331,70332,574],{"href":58888},[15,70333,64631],{},[30,70335,70337],{"id":70336},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70339,70340,70342],{},[15,70341,12713],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70344,70345,70346,398,70348,108],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70347,12713],{},[394,70349,70350],{"href":55003},[15,70351,55458],{},[20,70353,2164],{},[35,70355,70357],{"className":37,"code":70356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70358,70359,70391,70395,70414,70418,70429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70360,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70362,4948],{"class":50},[44,70364,55],{"class":54},[44,70366,59],{"class":58},[44,70368,273],{"class":272},[44,70370,12830],{"class":276},[44,70372,273],{"class":272},[44,70374,66],{"class":58},[44,70376,284],{"class":272},[44,70378,35893],{"class":276},[44,70380,273],{"class":272},[44,70382,66],{"class":58},[44,70384,284],{"class":272},[44,70386,35902],{"class":276},[44,70388,273],{"class":272},[44,70390,72],{"class":58},[44,70392,70393],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70394,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70396,70397,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70398,70399],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70401,55],{"class":54},[44,70403,69342],{"class":50},[44,70405,108],{"class":58},[44,70407,26192],{"class":111},[44,70409,115],{"class":58},[44,70411,746],{"class":62},[44,70413,121],{"class":58},[44,70415,70416],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70417,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70419,70420,70422,70424,70427],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70421,128],{"class":127},[44,70423,115],{"class":58},[44,70425,70426],{"class":111},"removed_name",[44,70428,121],{"class":58},[44,70430,70431,70433,70435,70437],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70432,128],{"class":127},[44,70434,115],{"class":58},[44,70436,4992],{"class":111},[44,70438,121],{"class":58},[20,70440,2028],{},[35,70442,70444],{"className":37,"code":70443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70445,70446,70450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70447,70448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70449,49990],{"class":50},[44,70451,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70453,3856],{"class":58},[44,70455,3259],{"class":272},[44,70457,35893],{"class":276},[44,70459,3259],{"class":272},[44,70461,66],{"class":58},[44,70463,3254],{"class":272},[44,70465,35902],{"class":276},[44,70467,3259],{"class":272},[44,70469,72],{"class":58},[20,70471,70472],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70474,70475,70476,70478,70479,108],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70477,55458],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70480,178],{},[30,70482,70484],{"id":70483},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[420,70486,70488],{"id":70487},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70490,70491,70492,70494,70495,108],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70493,12713],{}," raises an ",[15,70496,70497],{},"IndexError",[35,70499,70501],{"className":37,"code":70500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70502,70503,70511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70504,70505,70507,70509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70506,818],{"class":50},[44,70508,55],{"class":54},[44,70510,7786],{"class":58},[44,70512,70513,70515,70517,70519],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70514,835],{"class":50},[44,70516,108],{"class":58},[44,70518,26192],{"class":111},[44,70520,8590],{"class":58},[20,70522,2028],{},[35,70524,70526],{"className":37,"code":70525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70527,70528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70529,70530,70532,70534,70537,70540,70543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70531,70497],{"class":1458},[44,70533,159],{"class":58},[44,70535,70536],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70538,70539],{"class":3832},"from",[44,70541,70542],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70544,49836],{"class":1458},[20,70546,39213],{},[161,70548,70549,70554],{},[164,70550,70551,70552],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70553,12713],{},[164,70555,70556,70557,398,70559],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70558,29755],{},[15,70560,29786],{},[20,70562,2164],{},[35,70564,70566],{"className":37,"code":70565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70567,70568,70576,70580,70588,70602,70608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70569,70570,70572,70574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70571,818],{"class":50},[44,70573,55],{"class":54},[44,70575,7786],{"class":58},[44,70577,70578],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70579,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70581,70582,70584,70586],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70583,6944],{"class":3832},[44,70585,5917],{"class":50},[44,70587,6344],{"class":58},[44,70589,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70591,8017],{"class":127},[44,70593,115],{"class":58},[44,70595,835],{"class":111},[44,70597,108],{"class":58},[44,70599,26192],{"class":111},[44,70601,7141],{"class":58},[44,70603,70604,70606],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70605,27385],{"class":3832},[44,70607,6344],{"class":58},[44,70609,70610,70612,70614,70616,70619,70621],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70611,8017],{"class":127},[44,70613,115],{"class":58},[44,70615,273],{"class":272},[44,70617,70618],{"class":276},"The list is empty.",[44,70620,273],{"class":272},[44,70622,121],{"class":58},[420,70624,70626],{"id":70625},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70628,70629,70630,108],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70631,70497],{},[35,70633,70635],{"className":37,"code":70634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70636,70637,70657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70638,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70640,51],{"class":50},[44,70642,55],{"class":54},[44,70644,59],{"class":58},[44,70646,2287],{"class":62},[44,70648,66],{"class":58},[44,70650,7738],{"class":62},[44,70652,66],{"class":58},[44,70654,7743],{"class":62},[44,70656,72],{"class":58},[44,70658,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70660,105],{"class":50},[44,70662,108],{"class":58},[44,70664,26192],{"class":111},[44,70666,115],{"class":58},[44,70668,1410],{"class":62},[44,70670,121],{"class":58},[20,70672,2028],{},[35,70674,70676],{"className":37,"code":70675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70677,70678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70679,70680,70682,70684,70687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70681,70497],{"class":1458},[44,70683,159],{"class":58},[44,70685,70686],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70688,70689],{"class":127},"range\n",[20,70691,39213],{},[161,70693,70694,70699],{},[164,70695,70696,70697],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70698,42312],{},[164,70700,70701],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70703,70705],{"className":37,"code":70704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70706,70707,70727,70736,70740,70762,70780,70786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70708,70709,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70710,51],{"class":50},[44,70712,55],{"class":54},[44,70714,59],{"class":58},[44,70716,2287],{"class":62},[44,70718,66],{"class":58},[44,70720,7738],{"class":62},[44,70722,66],{"class":58},[44,70724,7743],{"class":62},[44,70726,72],{"class":58},[44,70728,70729,70732,70734],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70730,70731],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70733,55],{"class":54},[44,70735,45540],{"class":62},[44,70737,70738],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70739,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70741,70742,70744,70746,70749,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70743,6944],{"class":3832},[44,70745,3790],{"class":62},[44,70747,70748],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70750,70751],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70753,3248],{"class":54},[44,70755,38337],{"class":127},[44,70757,115],{"class":58},[44,70759,105],{"class":111},[44,70761,8288],{"class":58},[44,70763,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70765,8017],{"class":127},[44,70767,115],{"class":58},[44,70769,105],{"class":111},[44,70771,108],{"class":58},[44,70773,26192],{"class":111},[44,70775,115],{"class":58},[44,70777,35798],{"class":111},[44,70779,637],{"class":58},[44,70781,70782,70784],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,70783,27385],{"class":3832},[44,70785,6344],{"class":58},[44,70787,70788,70790,70792,70794,70797,70799],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,70789,8017],{"class":127},[44,70791,115],{"class":58},[44,70793,273],{"class":272},[44,70795,70796],{"class":276},"Index is out of range.",[44,70798,273],{"class":272},[44,70800,121],{"class":58},[20,70802,70803,70804,108],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[394,70805,69025],{"href":69024},[420,70807,70809],{"id":70808},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70811,70812,70814],{},[15,70813,12713],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70816,70818],{"className":37,"code":70817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70819,70820,70840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70823,51],{"class":50},[44,70825,55],{"class":54},[44,70827,59],{"class":58},[44,70829,2287],{"class":62},[44,70831,66],{"class":58},[44,70833,7738],{"class":62},[44,70835,66],{"class":58},[44,70837,7743],{"class":62},[44,70839,72],{"class":58},[44,70841,70842,70844,70846,70848,70850,70852,70854,70856],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70843,105],{"class":50},[44,70845,108],{"class":58},[44,70847,26192],{"class":111},[44,70849,115],{"class":58},[44,70851,273],{"class":272},[44,70853,63],{"class":276},[44,70855,273],{"class":272},[44,70857,121],{"class":58},[20,70859,2028],{},[35,70861,70863],{"className":37,"code":70862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70864,70865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70866,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877,70879,70882,70885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70868,1424],{"class":1458},[44,70870,159],{"class":58},[44,70872,3254],{"class":272},[44,70874,3403],{"class":276},[44,70876,3259],{"class":272},[44,70878,24568],{"class":1458},[44,70880,70881],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70883,70884],{"class":3832},"as",[44,70886,70887],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70889,39213],{},[161,70891,70892,70901],{},[164,70893,70894,70895,798,70897,2149,70899],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70896,746],{},[15,70898,63],{},[15,70900,65620],{},[164,70902,70903],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70905,70907],{"className":37,"code":70906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70908,70909,70929,70947,70951,70969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70910,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925,70927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70912,51],{"class":50},[44,70914,55],{"class":54},[44,70916,59],{"class":58},[44,70918,2287],{"class":62},[44,70920,66],{"class":58},[44,70922,7738],{"class":62},[44,70924,66],{"class":58},[44,70926,7743],{"class":62},[44,70928,72],{"class":58},[44,70930,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70932,70731],{"class":50},[44,70934,55],{"class":54},[44,70936,45227],{"class":1458},[44,70938,115],{"class":58},[44,70940,273],{"class":272},[44,70942,63],{"class":276},[44,70944,273],{"class":272},[44,70946,121],{"class":58},[44,70948,70949],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,70950,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,70952,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70954,128],{"class":127},[44,70956,115],{"class":58},[44,70958,105],{"class":111},[44,70960,108],{"class":58},[44,70962,26192],{"class":111},[44,70964,115],{"class":58},[44,70966,35798],{"class":111},[44,70968,637],{"class":58},[44,70970,70971,70973,70975,70977],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,70972,128],{"class":127},[44,70974,115],{"class":58},[44,70976,105],{"class":111},[44,70978,121],{"class":58},[20,70980,2028],{},[35,70982,70984],{"className":37,"code":70983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70985,70986,70991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70987,70988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70989,70990],{"class":62},"20\n",[44,70992,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,70994,3856],{"class":58},[44,70996,2287],{"class":62},[44,70998,66],{"class":58},[44,71000,7743],{"class":62},[44,71002,72],{"class":58},[30,71004,71006],{"id":71005},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71008,71009],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[420,71011,144,71013,10551],{"id":71012},"use-pop-when",[15,71014,12713],{},[161,71016,71017,71020,71023],{},[164,71018,71019],{},"you want to remove by index",[164,71021,71022],{},"you want the removed item returned",[164,71024,71025],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[420,71027,144,71029,10551],{"id":71028},"use-remove-when",[15,71030,55458],{},[161,71032,71033,71036],{},[164,71034,71035],{},"you want to remove by value",[164,71037,71038],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71040,71041],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,71043,71045],{"className":37,"code":71044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71046,71047,71071,71075,71093,71103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71048,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71050,51],{"class":50},[44,71052,55],{"class":54},[44,71054,59],{"class":58},[44,71056,2287],{"class":62},[44,71058,66],{"class":58},[44,71060,7738],{"class":62},[44,71062,66],{"class":58},[44,71064,7743],{"class":62},[44,71066,66],{"class":58},[44,71068,7738],{"class":62},[44,71070,72],{"class":58},[44,71072,71073],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71074,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,71076,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71078,69700],{"class":50},[44,71080,55],{"class":54},[44,71082,916],{"class":50},[44,71084,108],{"class":58},[44,71086,26192],{"class":111},[44,71088,115],{"class":58},[44,71090,63],{"class":62},[44,71092,121],{"class":58},[44,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71096,128],{"class":127},[44,71098,115],{"class":58},[44,71100,69723],{"class":111},[44,71102,121],{"class":58},[44,71104,71105,71107,71109,71111],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,71106,128],{"class":127},[44,71108,115],{"class":58},[44,71110,105],{"class":111},[44,71112,121],{"class":58},[20,71114,2028],{},[35,71116,71118],{"className":37,"code":71117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71119,71120,71124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71121,71122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71123,70990],{"class":62},[44,71125,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71127,3856],{"class":58},[44,71129,2287],{"class":62},[44,71131,66],{"class":58},[44,71133,7743],{"class":62},[44,71135,66],{"class":58},[44,71137,7738],{"class":62},[44,71139,72],{"class":58},[35,71141,71143],{"className":37,"code":71142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71144,71145,71169,71173,71187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71146,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71148,51],{"class":50},[44,71150,55],{"class":54},[44,71152,59],{"class":58},[44,71154,2287],{"class":62},[44,71156,66],{"class":58},[44,71158,7738],{"class":62},[44,71160,66],{"class":58},[44,71162,7743],{"class":62},[44,71164,66],{"class":58},[44,71166,7738],{"class":62},[44,71168,72],{"class":58},[44,71170,71171],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71172,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,71174,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71176,105],{"class":50},[44,71178,108],{"class":58},[44,71180,34745],{"class":111},[44,71182,115],{"class":58},[44,71184,15703],{"class":62},[44,71186,121],{"class":58},[44,71188,71189,71191,71193,71195],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71190,128],{"class":127},[44,71192,115],{"class":58},[44,71194,105],{"class":111},[44,71196,121],{"class":58},[20,71198,2028],{},[35,71200,71202],{"className":37,"code":71201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71203,71204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71205,71206,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71207,3856],{"class":58},[44,71209,2287],{"class":62},[44,71211,66],{"class":58},[44,71213,7743],{"class":62},[44,71215,66],{"class":58},[44,71217,7738],{"class":62},[44,71219,72],{"class":58},[20,71221,71222,71223,71226,71227,108],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71224,71225],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71228,63],{},[20,71230,56531,71231,71234,71235,108],{},[15,71232,71233],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71236,15703],{},[20,71238,71239,71240,108],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[394,71241,54999],{"href":54998},[30,71243,2788],{"id":2787},[20,71245,71246,71247,159],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71248,12713],{},[161,71250,71251,71254,71257,71263,71267],{},[164,71252,71253],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[164,71255,71256],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[164,71258,37154,71259,8652,71261],{},[15,71260,12713],{},[15,71262,55458],{},[164,71264,8399,71265,1095],{},[15,71266,12713],{},[164,71268,71269],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71271,71272],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71274,71276],{"className":37,"code":71275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71277,71278,71288,71302,71316,71334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71279,71280,71282,71284,71286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71281,128],{"class":127},[44,71283,115],{"class":58},[44,71285,1447],{"class":111},[44,71287,121],{"class":58},[44,71289,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71291,128],{"class":127},[44,71293,115],{"class":58},[44,71295,11112],{"class":127},[44,71297,115],{"class":58},[44,71299,1447],{"class":111},[44,71301,637],{"class":58},[44,71303,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71305,128],{"class":127},[44,71307,115],{"class":58},[44,71309,1447],{"class":111},[44,71311,108],{"class":58},[44,71313,26192],{"class":111},[44,71315,7141],{"class":58},[44,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71319,128],{"class":127},[44,71321,115],{"class":58},[44,71323,1447],{"class":111},[44,71325,108],{"class":58},[44,71327,26192],{"class":111},[44,71329,115],{"class":58},[44,71331,746],{"class":62},[44,71333,637],{"class":58},[44,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,71337,128],{"class":127},[44,71339,115],{"class":58},[44,71341,1459],{"class":1458},[44,71343,115],{"class":58},[44,71345,35798],{"class":111},[44,71347,637],{"class":58},[20,71349,71350],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[161,71352,71353,71359],{},[164,71354,71355,71358],{},[15,71356,71357],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[164,71360,71361,71364],{},[15,71362,71363],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71366,71367,71368,71371],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71369,71370],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71373,1757],{"id":1756},[420,71375,71377],{"id":71376},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71379,71380,71381,71383],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71382,12713],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[420,71385,71387],{"id":71386},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71389,71390,71392,71393,71395,71396,108],{},[15,71391,12713],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71394,55458],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71397,178],{},[420,71399,71401],{"id":71400},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71403,71404,71405,71408],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71406,71407],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[420,71410,71412],{"id":71411},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71414,71415,71416,71418],{},"Python raises ",[15,71417,70497],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71420,1821],{"id":1820},[161,71422,71423,71427,71432,71437,71442],{},[164,71424,71425],{},[394,71426,55445],{"href":54998},[164,71428,71429],{},[394,71430,71431],{"href":55003},"Python list remove() method",[164,71433,71434],{},[394,71435,71436],{"href":58888},"Python list index() method",[164,71438,71439],{},[394,71440,71441],{"href":396},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[164,71443,71444],{},[394,71445,69025],{"href":69024},[1872,71447,71448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":71450},[71451,71452,71453,71454,71455,71456,71457,71462,71468,71469,71475],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":69626,"depth":75,"text":69627},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":69936,"depth":75,"text":69937},{"id":70065,"depth":75,"text":70066},{"id":70336,"depth":75,"text":70337},{"id":70483,"depth":75,"text":70484,"children":71458},[71459,71460,71461],{"id":70487,"depth":95,"text":70488},{"id":70625,"depth":95,"text":70626},{"id":70808,"depth":95,"text":70809},{"id":71005,"depth":75,"text":71006,"children":71463},[71464,71466],{"id":71012,"depth":95,"text":71465},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71028,"depth":95,"text":71467},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":71470},[71471,71472,71473,71474],{"id":71376,"depth":95,"text":71377},{"id":71386,"depth":95,"text":71387},{"id":71400,"depth":95,"text":71401},{"id":71411,"depth":95,"text":71412},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69493,"description":71476},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71483,"title":71484,"body":71485,"description":73271,"extension":1921,"meta":73272,"navigation":98,"path":73273,"seo":73274,"stem":73275,"__hash__":73276},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71486,"toc":73253},[71487,71490,71495,71501,71503,71573,71579,71583,71588,71609,71612,71679,71681,71702,71710,71712,71731,71747,71749,71814,71816,71841,71843,71845,71910,71912,71937,71939,71953,71956,72009,72011,72032,72036,72044,72117,72119,72152,72158,72164,72255,72257,72282,72288,72377,72379,72403,72405,72409,72464,72466,72498,72501,72504,72598,72600,72633,72639,72645,72649,72656,72682,72686,72751,72753,72778,72782,72863,72865,72894,72899,72904,72910,72914,72921,72943,72947,73006,73008,73032,73041,73046,73048,73052,73081,73083,73158,73161,73175,73181,73183,73187,73190,73194,73199,73203,73212,73216,73224,73226,73250],[10,71488,71484],{"id":71489},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71491,1938,71492,71494],{},[15,71493,55006],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71496,71497,71498,71500],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[214,71499,2429],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71502,33],{"id":32},[35,71504,71506],{"className":37,"code":71505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71507,71508,71540,71558,71568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71509,71510,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71511,818],{"class":50},[44,71513,55],{"class":54},[44,71515,59],{"class":58},[44,71517,273],{"class":272},[44,71519,277],{"class":276},[44,71521,273],{"class":272},[44,71523,66],{"class":58},[44,71525,284],{"class":272},[44,71527,287],{"class":276},[44,71529,273],{"class":272},[44,71531,66],{"class":58},[44,71533,284],{"class":272},[44,71535,305],{"class":276},[44,71537,273],{"class":272},[44,71539,72],{"class":58},[44,71541,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71543,835],{"class":50},[44,71545,108],{"class":58},[44,71547,34745],{"class":111},[44,71549,115],{"class":58},[44,71551,273],{"class":272},[44,71553,287],{"class":276},[44,71555,273],{"class":272},[44,71557,121],{"class":58},[44,71559,71560,71562,71564,71566],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71561,128],{"class":127},[44,71563,115],{"class":58},[44,71565,835],{"class":111},[44,71567,121],{"class":58},[44,71569,71570],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71571,71572],{"class":140},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71574,144,71575,71578],{},[15,71576,71577],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71580,71582],{"id":71581},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71584,71585,71587],{},[15,71586,55458],{}," is a list method that:",[161,71589,71590,71596,71601,71606],{},[164,71591,71592,71593,71595],{},"Deletes the ",[214,71594,29860],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[164,71597,71598,71599],{},"Changes the original list ",[214,71600,11284],{},[164,71602,1761,71603,71605],{},[214,71604,4583],{}," return a new list",[164,71607,71608],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71610,71611],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71613,71615],{"className":37,"code":71614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71616,71617,71637,71655,71659,71669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71618,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71620,51],{"class":50},[44,71622,55],{"class":54},[44,71624,59],{"class":58},[44,71626,63],{"class":62},[44,71628,66],{"class":58},[44,71630,69],{"class":62},[44,71632,66],{"class":58},[44,71634,2408],{"class":62},[44,71636,72],{"class":58},[44,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71640,911],{"class":50},[44,71642,55],{"class":54},[44,71644,916],{"class":50},[44,71646,108],{"class":58},[44,71648,34745],{"class":111},[44,71650,115],{"class":58},[44,71652,801],{"class":62},[44,71654,121],{"class":58},[44,71656,71657],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71658,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,71660,71661,71663,71665,71667],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71662,128],{"class":127},[44,71664,115],{"class":58},[44,71666,105],{"class":111},[44,71668,121],{"class":58},[44,71670,71671,71673,71675,71677],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,71672,128],{"class":127},[44,71674,115],{"class":58},[44,71676,943],{"class":111},[44,71678,121],{"class":58},[20,71680,2028],{},[35,71682,71684],{"className":37,"code":71683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71685,71686,71698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71687,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71689,3856],{"class":58},[44,71691,63],{"class":62},[44,71693,66],{"class":58},[44,71695,2408],{"class":62},[44,71697,72],{"class":58},[44,71699,71700],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71701,11758],{"class":1582},[20,71703,71704,71705,71707,71708,108],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71706,55458],{}," itself returned ",[15,71709,178],{},[30,71711,5385],{"id":5384},[35,71713,71715],{"className":37,"code":71714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71716,71717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71718,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71720,226],{"class":1458},[44,71722,108],{"class":58},[44,71724,34745],{"class":111},[44,71726,115],{"class":58},[44,71728,2429],{"class":111},[44,71730,121],{"class":58},[161,71732,71733,71738,71741],{},[164,71734,71735,71737],{},[15,71736,2429],{}," is the item you want to delete",[164,71739,71740],{},"Python searches from left to right",[164,71742,71743,71744,71746],{},"Only the ",[214,71745,29860],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71748,2164],{},[35,71750,71752],{"className":37,"code":71751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71753,71754,71786,71804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71755,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71757,672],{"class":50},[44,71759,55],{"class":54},[44,71761,59],{"class":58},[44,71763,273],{"class":272},[44,71765,394],{"class":276},[44,71767,273],{"class":272},[44,71769,66],{"class":58},[44,71771,284],{"class":272},[44,71773,4714],{"class":276},[44,71775,273],{"class":272},[44,71777,66],{"class":58},[44,71779,284],{"class":272},[44,71781,9689],{"class":276},[44,71783,273],{"class":272},[44,71785,72],{"class":58},[44,71787,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71789,689],{"class":50},[44,71791,108],{"class":58},[44,71793,34745],{"class":111},[44,71795,115],{"class":58},[44,71797,273],{"class":272},[44,71799,4714],{"class":276},[44,71801,273],{"class":272},[44,71803,121],{"class":58},[44,71805,71806,71808,71810,71812],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71807,128],{"class":127},[44,71809,115],{"class":58},[44,71811,689],{"class":111},[44,71813,121],{"class":58},[20,71815,2028],{},[35,71817,71819],{"className":37,"code":71818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71820,71821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71822,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71824,3856],{"class":58},[44,71826,3259],{"class":272},[44,71828,394],{"class":276},[44,71830,3259],{"class":272},[44,71832,66],{"class":58},[44,71834,3254],{"class":272},[44,71836,9689],{"class":276},[44,71838,3259],{"class":272},[44,71840,72],{"class":58},[30,71842,5738],{"id":5737},[20,71844,64940],{},[35,71846,71848],{"className":37,"code":71847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71849,71850,71882,71900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71851,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878,71880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71853,13026],{"class":50},[44,71855,55],{"class":54},[44,71857,59],{"class":58},[44,71859,273],{"class":272},[44,71861,13043],{"class":276},[44,71863,273],{"class":272},[44,71865,66],{"class":58},[44,71867,284],{"class":272},[44,71869,13060],{"class":276},[44,71871,273],{"class":272},[44,71873,66],{"class":58},[44,71875,284],{"class":272},[44,71877,17405],{"class":276},[44,71879,273],{"class":272},[44,71881,72],{"class":58},[44,71883,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71885,17452],{"class":50},[44,71887,108],{"class":58},[44,71889,34745],{"class":111},[44,71891,115],{"class":58},[44,71893,273],{"class":272},[44,71895,13060],{"class":276},[44,71897,273],{"class":272},[44,71899,121],{"class":58},[44,71901,71902,71904,71906,71908],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,71903,128],{"class":127},[44,71905,115],{"class":58},[44,71907,17452],{"class":111},[44,71909,121],{"class":58},[20,71911,2028],{},[35,71913,71915],{"className":37,"code":71914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71916,71917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71918,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71920,3856],{"class":58},[44,71922,3259],{"class":272},[44,71924,13043],{"class":276},[44,71926,3259],{"class":272},[44,71928,66],{"class":58},[44,71930,3254],{"class":272},[44,71932,17405],{"class":276},[44,71934,3259],{"class":272},[44,71936,72],{"class":58},[20,71938,361],{},[161,71940,71941,71944,71950],{},[164,71942,71943],{},"A list is created with three values",[164,71945,71946,71949],{},[15,71947,71948],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[164,71951,71952],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71954,71955],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71957,71959],{"className":37,"code":71958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71960,71961,71985,71999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71962,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71964,5017],{"class":50},[44,71966,55],{"class":54},[44,71968,59],{"class":58},[44,71970,2287],{"class":62},[44,71972,66],{"class":58},[44,71974,7738],{"class":62},[44,71976,66],{"class":58},[44,71978,7743],{"class":62},[44,71980,66],{"class":58},[44,71982,50794],{"class":62},[44,71984,72],{"class":58},[44,71986,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,71988,16338],{"class":50},[44,71990,108],{"class":58},[44,71992,34745],{"class":111},[44,71994,115],{"class":58},[44,71996,36791],{"class":62},[44,71998,121],{"class":58},[44,72000,72001,72003,72005,72007],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72002,128],{"class":127},[44,72004,115],{"class":58},[44,72006,16338],{"class":111},[44,72008,121],{"class":58},[20,72010,2028],{},[35,72012,72014],{"className":37,"code":72013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72015,72016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72017,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72019,3856],{"class":58},[44,72021,2287],{"class":62},[44,72023,66],{"class":58},[44,72025,7738],{"class":62},[44,72027,66],{"class":58},[44,72029,50794],{"class":62},[44,72031,72],{"class":58},[30,72033,72035],{"id":72034},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72037,64930,72038,72040,72041,72043],{},[15,72039,55458],{}," deletes only the ",[214,72042,29860],{}," one.",[35,72045,72047],{"className":37,"code":72046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72048,72049,72089,72107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72050,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72052,818],{"class":50},[44,72054,55],{"class":54},[44,72056,59],{"class":58},[44,72058,273],{"class":272},[44,72060,277],{"class":276},[44,72062,273],{"class":272},[44,72064,66],{"class":58},[44,72066,284],{"class":272},[44,72068,287],{"class":276},[44,72070,273],{"class":272},[44,72072,66],{"class":58},[44,72074,284],{"class":272},[44,72076,277],{"class":276},[44,72078,273],{"class":272},[44,72080,66],{"class":58},[44,72082,284],{"class":272},[44,72084,305],{"class":276},[44,72086,273],{"class":272},[44,72088,72],{"class":58},[44,72090,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72092,835],{"class":50},[44,72094,108],{"class":58},[44,72096,34745],{"class":111},[44,72098,115],{"class":58},[44,72100,273],{"class":272},[44,72102,277],{"class":276},[44,72104,273],{"class":272},[44,72106,121],{"class":58},[44,72108,72109,72111,72113,72115],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72110,128],{"class":127},[44,72112,115],{"class":58},[44,72114,835],{"class":111},[44,72116,121],{"class":58},[20,72118,2028],{},[35,72120,72122],{"className":37,"code":72121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72123,72124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72125,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72127,3856],{"class":58},[44,72129,3259],{"class":272},[44,72131,287],{"class":276},[44,72133,3259],{"class":272},[44,72135,66],{"class":58},[44,72137,3254],{"class":272},[44,72139,277],{"class":276},[44,72141,3259],{"class":272},[44,72143,66],{"class":58},[44,72145,3254],{"class":272},[44,72147,305],{"class":276},[44,72149,3259],{"class":272},[44,72151,72],{"class":58},[20,72153,72154,72155,72157],{},"Only the first ",[15,72156,57756],{}," was removed.",[20,72159,72160,72161,72163],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72162,55458],{}," again:",[35,72165,72167],{"className":37,"code":72166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72168,72169,72209,72227,72245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72172,818],{"class":50},[44,72174,55],{"class":54},[44,72176,59],{"class":58},[44,72178,273],{"class":272},[44,72180,277],{"class":276},[44,72182,273],{"class":272},[44,72184,66],{"class":58},[44,72186,284],{"class":272},[44,72188,287],{"class":276},[44,72190,273],{"class":272},[44,72192,66],{"class":58},[44,72194,284],{"class":272},[44,72196,277],{"class":276},[44,72198,273],{"class":272},[44,72200,66],{"class":58},[44,72202,284],{"class":272},[44,72204,305],{"class":276},[44,72206,273],{"class":272},[44,72208,72],{"class":58},[44,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72212,835],{"class":50},[44,72214,108],{"class":58},[44,72216,34745],{"class":111},[44,72218,115],{"class":58},[44,72220,273],{"class":272},[44,72222,277],{"class":276},[44,72224,273],{"class":272},[44,72226,121],{"class":58},[44,72228,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72230,835],{"class":50},[44,72232,108],{"class":58},[44,72234,34745],{"class":111},[44,72236,115],{"class":58},[44,72238,273],{"class":272},[44,72240,277],{"class":276},[44,72242,273],{"class":272},[44,72244,121],{"class":58},[44,72246,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72248,128],{"class":127},[44,72250,115],{"class":58},[44,72252,835],{"class":111},[44,72254,121],{"class":58},[20,72256,2028],{},[35,72258,72260],{"className":37,"code":72259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72261,72262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72263,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72265,3856],{"class":58},[44,72267,3259],{"class":272},[44,72269,287],{"class":276},[44,72271,3259],{"class":272},[44,72273,66],{"class":58},[44,72275,3254],{"class":272},[44,72277,305],{"class":276},[44,72279,3259],{"class":272},[44,72281,72],{"class":58},[20,72283,72284,72285,72287],{},"If you need to remove ",[214,72286,3674],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72289,72291],{"className":37,"code":72290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72292,72293,72333,72367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325,72327,72329,72331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72296,818],{"class":50},[44,72298,55],{"class":54},[44,72300,59],{"class":58},[44,72302,273],{"class":272},[44,72304,277],{"class":276},[44,72306,273],{"class":272},[44,72308,66],{"class":58},[44,72310,284],{"class":272},[44,72312,287],{"class":276},[44,72314,273],{"class":272},[44,72316,66],{"class":58},[44,72318,284],{"class":272},[44,72320,277],{"class":276},[44,72322,273],{"class":272},[44,72324,66],{"class":58},[44,72326,284],{"class":272},[44,72328,305],{"class":276},[44,72330,273],{"class":272},[44,72332,72],{"class":58},[44,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72352,72354,72356,72359,72361,72363,72365],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72336,818],{"class":50},[44,72338,55],{"class":54},[44,72340,59],{"class":58},[44,72342,28489],{"class":50},[44,72344,5909],{"class":3832},[44,72346,5912],{"class":50},[44,72348,3839],{"class":3832},[44,72350,72351],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72353,6944],{"class":3832},[44,72355,5912],{"class":50},[44,72357,72358],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72360,284],{"class":272},[44,72362,277],{"class":276},[44,72364,273],{"class":272},[44,72366,72],{"class":58},[44,72368,72369,72371,72373,72375],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72370,128],{"class":127},[44,72372,115],{"class":58},[44,72374,835],{"class":111},[44,72376,121],{"class":58},[20,72378,2028],{},[35,72380,72381],{"className":37,"code":72259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72382,72383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72384,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72386,3856],{"class":58},[44,72388,3259],{"class":272},[44,72390,287],{"class":276},[44,72392,3259],{"class":272},[44,72394,66],{"class":58},[44,72396,3254],{"class":272},[44,72398,305],{"class":276},[44,72400,3259],{"class":272},[44,72402,72],{"class":58},[30,72404,65396],{"id":65395},[20,72406,65399,72407,108],{},[15,72408,40655],{},[35,72410,72412],{"className":37,"code":72411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72413,72414,72446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72415,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72417,818],{"class":50},[44,72419,55],{"class":54},[44,72421,59],{"class":58},[44,72423,273],{"class":272},[44,72425,277],{"class":276},[44,72427,273],{"class":272},[44,72429,66],{"class":58},[44,72431,284],{"class":272},[44,72433,287],{"class":276},[44,72435,273],{"class":272},[44,72437,66],{"class":58},[44,72439,284],{"class":272},[44,72441,305],{"class":276},[44,72443,273],{"class":272},[44,72445,72],{"class":58},[44,72447,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72449,835],{"class":50},[44,72451,108],{"class":58},[44,72453,34745],{"class":111},[44,72455,115],{"class":58},[44,72457,273],{"class":272},[44,72459,314],{"class":276},[44,72461,273],{"class":272},[44,72463,121],{"class":58},[20,72465,2028],{},[35,72467,72469],{"className":37,"code":72468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72470,72471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72472,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72474,40655],{"class":1458},[44,72476,159],{"class":58},[44,72478,22510],{"class":1458},[44,72480,108],{"class":58},[44,72482,34745],{"class":111},[44,72484,115],{"class":58},[44,72486,2130],{"class":111},[44,72488,16401],{"class":58},[44,72490,3836],{"class":50},[44,72492,4583],{"class":54},[44,72494,21124],{"class":54},[44,72496,72497],{"class":1458}," list\n",[20,72499,72500],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72502,72503],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72505,72507],{"className":37,"code":72506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72508,72509,72541,72553,72557,72569,72584,72588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72510,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72512,818],{"class":50},[44,72514,55],{"class":54},[44,72516,59],{"class":58},[44,72518,273],{"class":272},[44,72520,277],{"class":276},[44,72522,273],{"class":272},[44,72524,66],{"class":58},[44,72526,284],{"class":272},[44,72528,287],{"class":276},[44,72530,273],{"class":272},[44,72532,66],{"class":58},[44,72534,284],{"class":272},[44,72536,305],{"class":276},[44,72538,273],{"class":272},[44,72540,72],{"class":58},[44,72542,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72544,2403],{"class":50},[44,72546,55],{"class":54},[44,72548,284],{"class":272},[44,72550,314],{"class":276},[44,72552,3318],{"class":272},[44,72554,72555],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72556,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72560,6944],{"class":3832},[44,72562,21535],{"class":50},[44,72564,3839],{"class":54},[44,72566,5917],{"class":50},[44,72568,6344],{"class":58},[44,72570,72571,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,72572,72573],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72575,108],{"class":58},[44,72577,34745],{"class":111},[44,72579,115],{"class":58},[44,72581,2429],{"class":111},[44,72583,121],{"class":58},[44,72585,72586],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,72587,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,72589,72590,72592,72594,72596],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,72591,128],{"class":127},[44,72593,115],{"class":58},[44,72595,835],{"class":111},[44,72597,121],{"class":58},[20,72599,2028],{},[35,72601,72603],{"className":37,"code":72602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72604,72605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72606,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72608,3856],{"class":58},[44,72610,3259],{"class":272},[44,72612,277],{"class":276},[44,72614,3259],{"class":272},[44,72616,66],{"class":58},[44,72618,3254],{"class":272},[44,72620,287],{"class":276},[44,72622,3259],{"class":272},[44,72624,66],{"class":58},[44,72626,3254],{"class":272},[44,72628,305],{"class":276},[44,72630,3259],{"class":272},[44,72632,72],{"class":58},[20,72634,72635,72636,72638],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72637,55458],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72640,72641,72642,108],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[394,72643,65605],{"href":72644},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72646,72648],{"id":72647},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72650,72651,398,72653,72655],{},[15,72652,55458],{},[15,72654,12713],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[161,72657,72658,72665,72671,72677],{},[164,72659,72660,72662,72663],{},[15,72661,55458],{}," deletes by ",[214,72664,2429],{},[164,72666,72667,72662,72669],{},[15,72668,12713],{},[214,72670,35798],{},[164,72672,72673,877,72675],{},[15,72674,55458],{},[15,72676,178],{},[164,72678,72679,72681],{},[15,72680,12713],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72683,45991,72684,159],{},[15,72685,55458],{},[35,72687,72689],{"className":37,"code":72688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72690,72691,72723,72741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72694,818],{"class":50},[44,72696,55],{"class":54},[44,72698,59],{"class":58},[44,72700,273],{"class":272},[44,72702,277],{"class":276},[44,72704,273],{"class":272},[44,72706,66],{"class":58},[44,72708,284],{"class":272},[44,72710,287],{"class":276},[44,72712,273],{"class":272},[44,72714,66],{"class":58},[44,72716,284],{"class":272},[44,72718,305],{"class":276},[44,72720,273],{"class":272},[44,72722,72],{"class":58},[44,72724,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72726,835],{"class":50},[44,72728,108],{"class":58},[44,72730,34745],{"class":111},[44,72732,115],{"class":58},[44,72734,273],{"class":272},[44,72736,287],{"class":276},[44,72738,273],{"class":272},[44,72740,121],{"class":58},[44,72742,72743,72745,72747,72749],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72744,128],{"class":127},[44,72746,115],{"class":58},[44,72748,835],{"class":111},[44,72750,121],{"class":58},[20,72752,2028],{},[35,72754,72756],{"className":37,"code":72755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72757,72758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72759,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72761,3856],{"class":58},[44,72763,3259],{"class":272},[44,72765,277],{"class":276},[44,72767,3259],{"class":272},[44,72769,66],{"class":58},[44,72771,3254],{"class":272},[44,72773,305],{"class":276},[44,72775,3259],{"class":272},[44,72777,72],{"class":58},[20,72779,45991,72780,159],{},[15,72781,12713],{},[35,72783,72785],{"className":37,"code":72784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72786,72787,72819,72838,72842,72852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72788,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72790,818],{"class":50},[44,72792,55],{"class":54},[44,72794,59],{"class":58},[44,72796,273],{"class":272},[44,72798,277],{"class":276},[44,72800,273],{"class":272},[44,72802,66],{"class":58},[44,72804,284],{"class":272},[44,72806,287],{"class":276},[44,72808,273],{"class":272},[44,72810,66],{"class":58},[44,72812,284],{"class":272},[44,72814,305],{"class":276},[44,72816,273],{"class":272},[44,72818,72],{"class":58},[44,72820,72821,72824,72826,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72822,72823],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72825,55],{"class":54},[44,72827,5917],{"class":50},[44,72829,108],{"class":58},[44,72831,26192],{"class":111},[44,72833,115],{"class":58},[44,72835,63],{"class":62},[44,72837,121],{"class":58},[44,72839,72840],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72841,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,72843,72844,72846,72848,72850],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72845,128],{"class":127},[44,72847,115],{"class":58},[44,72849,835],{"class":111},[44,72851,121],{"class":58},[44,72853,72854,72856,72858,72861],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,72855,128],{"class":127},[44,72857,115],{"class":58},[44,72859,72860],{"class":111},"removed_item",[44,72862,121],{"class":58},[20,72864,2028],{},[35,72866,72868],{"className":37,"code":72867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72869,72870,72890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72871,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72873,3856],{"class":58},[44,72875,3259],{"class":272},[44,72877,277],{"class":276},[44,72879,3259],{"class":272},[44,72881,66],{"class":58},[44,72883,3254],{"class":272},[44,72885,305],{"class":276},[44,72887,3259],{"class":272},[44,72889,72],{"class":58},[44,72891,72892],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72893,70172],{"class":50},[20,72895,144,72896,72898],{},[15,72897,55458],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72900,144,72901,72903],{},[15,72902,12713],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72905,72906,72907,108],{},"For more detail, see the ",[394,72908,72909],{"href":55010},"Python list pop() method",[30,72911,72913],{"id":72912},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72915,72916,398,72918,72920],{},[15,72917,55458],{},[15,72919,26976],{}," are also different.",[161,72922,72923,72928,72933,72938],{},[164,72924,72925,72927],{},[15,72926,55458],{}," deletes by matching value",[164,72929,72930,72932],{},[15,72931,26976],{}," deletes by index or slice",[164,72934,144,72935,72937],{},[15,72936,26976],{}," when you know the position",[164,72939,144,72940,72942],{},[15,72941,55458],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72944,45991,72945,159],{},[15,72946,26976],{},[35,72948,72950],{"className":37,"code":72949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72951,72952,72984,72996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72953,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72955,818],{"class":50},[44,72957,55],{"class":54},[44,72959,59],{"class":58},[44,72961,273],{"class":272},[44,72963,277],{"class":276},[44,72965,273],{"class":272},[44,72967,66],{"class":58},[44,72969,284],{"class":272},[44,72971,287],{"class":276},[44,72973,273],{"class":272},[44,72975,66],{"class":58},[44,72977,284],{"class":272},[44,72979,305],{"class":276},[44,72981,273],{"class":272},[44,72983,72],{"class":58},[44,72985,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,72987,26976],{"class":3832},[44,72989,5917],{"class":50},[44,72991,3856],{"class":58},[44,72993,63],{"class":62},[44,72995,72],{"class":58},[44,72997,72998,73000,73002,73004],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,72999,128],{"class":127},[44,73001,115],{"class":58},[44,73003,835],{"class":111},[44,73005,121],{"class":58},[20,73007,2028],{},[35,73009,73010],{"className":37,"code":72755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73011,73012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73015,3856],{"class":58},[44,73017,3259],{"class":272},[44,73019,277],{"class":276},[44,73021,3259],{"class":272},[44,73023,66],{"class":58},[44,73025,3254],{"class":272},[44,73027,305],{"class":276},[44,73029,3259],{"class":272},[44,73031,72],{"class":58},[20,73033,73034,73035,73037,73038,73040],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73036,63],{},", not the value ",[15,73039,65040],{}," directly.",[20,73042,73043,73044,108],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[394,73045,54999],{"href":54998},[30,73047,2788],{"id":2787},[20,73049,21162,73050,159],{},[15,73051,55458],{},[161,73053,73054,73057,73062,73069,73078],{},[164,73055,73056],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[164,73058,8399,73059,73061],{},[15,73060,55458],{}," to delete all matching values",[164,73063,12545,73064,73066,73067],{},[15,73065,55458],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73068,178],{},[164,73070,582,73071,1170,73073,2837,73075,73077],{},[15,73072,55458],{},[15,73074,12713],{},[15,73076,26976],{}," would be a better fit",[164,73079,73080],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73082,71272],{},[35,73084,73086],{"className":37,"code":73085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73087,73088,73098,73112,73130,73144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73089,73090,73092,73094,73096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73091,128],{"class":127},[44,73093,115],{"class":58},[44,73095,1447],{"class":111},[44,73097,121],{"class":58},[44,73099,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108,73110],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73101,128],{"class":127},[44,73103,115],{"class":58},[44,73105,2403],{"class":111},[44,73107,3839],{"class":3832},[44,73109,8342],{"class":111},[44,73111,121],{"class":58},[44,73113,73114,73116,73118,73120,73122,73124,73126,73128],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73115,128],{"class":127},[44,73117,115],{"class":58},[44,73119,1447],{"class":111},[44,73121,108],{"class":58},[44,73123,41211],{"class":111},[44,73125,115],{"class":58},[44,73127,2429],{"class":111},[44,73129,637],{"class":58},[44,73131,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73133,128],{"class":127},[44,73135,115],{"class":58},[44,73137,1459],{"class":1458},[44,73139,115],{"class":58},[44,73141,1447],{"class":111},[44,73143,637],{"class":58},[44,73145,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,73147,1483],{"class":127},[44,73149,115],{"class":58},[44,73151,226],{"class":1458},[44,73153,108],{"class":58},[44,73155,34745],{"class":1492},[44,73157,121],{"class":58},[20,73159,73160],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[161,73162,73163,73166,73169,73172],{},[164,73164,73165],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[164,73167,73168],{},"How many times does it appear?",[164,73170,73171],{},"Am I working with a list?",[164,73173,73174],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73176,73177,73178,73180],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[394,73179,71436],{"href":58888}," may also help.",[30,73182,1757],{"id":1756},[420,73184,73186],{"id":73185},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73188,73189],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[420,73191,73193],{"id":73192},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73195,5102,73196,73198],{},[15,73197,178],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[420,73200,73202],{"id":73201},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73204,73205,73206,73209,73210,108],{},"Check with ",[15,73207,73208],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73211,55458],{},[420,73213,73215],{"id":73214},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73217,144,73218,73220,73221,73223],{},[15,73219,55458],{}," for a value and ",[15,73222,12713],{}," for an index.",[30,73225,1821],{"id":1820},[161,73227,73228,73232,73236,73240,73244],{},[164,73229,73230],{},[394,73231,55445],{"href":54998},[164,73233,73234],{},[394,73235,72909],{"href":55010},[164,73237,73238],{},[394,73239,71436],{"href":58888},[164,73241,73242],{},[394,73243,65605],{"href":72644},[164,73245,73246],{},[394,73247,73249],{"href":73248},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1872,73251,73252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":73254},[73255,73256,73257,73258,73259,73260,73261,73262,73263,73264,73270],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":71581,"depth":75,"text":71582},{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385},{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":72034,"depth":75,"text":72035},{"id":65395,"depth":75,"text":65396},{"id":72647,"depth":75,"text":72648},{"id":72912,"depth":75,"text":72913},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":73265},[73266,73267,73268,73269],{"id":73185,"depth":95,"text":73186},{"id":73192,"depth":95,"text":73193},{"id":73201,"depth":95,"text":73202},{"id":73214,"depth":95,"text":73215},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71484,"description":73271},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73278,"title":73279,"body":73280,"description":75171,"extension":1921,"meta":75172,"navigation":98,"path":75173,"seo":75174,"stem":75175,"__hash__":75176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73281,"toc":75141},[73282,73288,73294,73297,73308,73310,73359,73364,73369,73373,73388,73390,73455,73457,73498,73500,73502,73517,73519,73530,73532,73589,73591,73624,73626,73629,73678,73680,73705,73707,73723,73729,73736,73797,73799,73832,73837,73840,73920,73922,73983,73989,73993,73996,74060,74062,74087,74089,74109,74111,74160,74162,74183,74192,74195,74199,74204,74249,74251,74272,74278,74283,74291,74355,74357,74394,74400,74404,74411,74476,74478,74515,74519,74536,74546,74551,74556,74567,74574,74576,74582,74605,74608,74635,74640,74643,74744,74746,74801,74804,74911,74913,74984,74987,75013,75015,75020,75024,75032,75037,75042,75048,75053,75057,75060,75077,75080,75100,75108,75110,75138],[10,73283,13,73285,18],{"id":73284},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73286,73287],{},"reverse()",[20,73289,73290,73293],{},[15,73291,73292],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73295,73296],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73298,73299,73300,73302,73303,73307],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73301,73287],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[394,73304,73306],{"href":73305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73309,3570],{"id":3569},[35,73311,73313],{"className":37,"code":73312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73314,73315,73335,73346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73316,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73318,51],{"class":50},[44,73320,55],{"class":54},[44,73322,59],{"class":58},[44,73324,63],{"class":62},[44,73326,66],{"class":58},[44,73328,69],{"class":62},[44,73330,66],{"class":58},[44,73332,2408],{"class":62},[44,73334,72],{"class":58},[44,73336,73337,73339,73341,73344],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73338,105],{"class":50},[44,73340,108],{"class":58},[44,73342,73343],{"class":111},"reverse",[44,73345,8590],{"class":58},[44,73347,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73349,128],{"class":127},[44,73351,115],{"class":58},[44,73353,105],{"class":111},[44,73355,1476],{"class":58},[44,73357,73358],{"class":140},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73360,73361,73363],{},[15,73362,73287],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73365,151,73367,154],{"id":73366},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73368,73292],{},[20,73370,73371,159],{},[15,73372,73292],{},[161,73374,73375,73378,73381,73385],{},[164,73376,73377],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[164,73379,73380],{},"Changes the original list directly",[164,73382,175,73383],{},[15,73384,178],{},[164,73386,73387],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73389,2164],{},[35,73391,73393],{"className":37,"code":73392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73394,73395,73435,73445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73396,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73398,672],{"class":50},[44,73400,55],{"class":54},[44,73402,59],{"class":58},[44,73404,273],{"class":272},[44,73406,394],{"class":276},[44,73408,273],{"class":272},[44,73410,66],{"class":58},[44,73412,284],{"class":272},[44,73414,4714],{"class":276},[44,73416,273],{"class":272},[44,73418,66],{"class":58},[44,73420,284],{"class":272},[44,73422,9689],{"class":276},[44,73424,273],{"class":272},[44,73426,66],{"class":58},[44,73428,284],{"class":272},[44,73430,18717],{"class":276},[44,73432,273],{"class":272},[44,73434,72],{"class":58},[44,73436,73437,73439,73441,73443],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73438,689],{"class":50},[44,73440,108],{"class":58},[44,73442,73343],{"class":111},[44,73444,8590],{"class":58},[44,73446,73447,73449,73451,73453],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73448,128],{"class":127},[44,73450,115],{"class":58},[44,73452,689],{"class":111},[44,73454,121],{"class":58},[20,73456,2028],{},[35,73458,73460],{"className":37,"code":73459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73461,73462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73463,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73465,3856],{"class":58},[44,73467,3259],{"class":272},[44,73469,18717],{"class":276},[44,73471,3259],{"class":272},[44,73473,66],{"class":58},[44,73475,3254],{"class":272},[44,73477,9689],{"class":276},[44,73479,3259],{"class":272},[44,73481,66],{"class":58},[44,73483,3254],{"class":272},[44,73485,4714],{"class":276},[44,73487,3259],{"class":272},[44,73489,66],{"class":58},[44,73491,3254],{"class":272},[44,73493,394],{"class":276},[44,73495,3259],{"class":272},[44,73497,72],{"class":58},[30,73499,188],{"id":187},[20,73501,2116],{},[35,73503,73505],{"className":37,"code":73504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73506,73507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73508,73509,73511,73513,73515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73510,1447],{"class":50},[44,73512,108],{"class":58},[44,73514,73343],{"class":111},[44,73516,8590],{"class":58},[20,73518,13002],{},[161,73520,73521,73524,73527],{},[164,73522,73523],{},"No arguments are needed",[164,73525,73526],{},"You call it on an existing list",[164,73528,73529],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73531,2164],{},[35,73533,73535],{"className":37,"code":73534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73536,73537,73569,73579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73538,73539,73541,73543,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555,73557,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73540,13026],{"class":50},[44,73542,55],{"class":54},[44,73544,59],{"class":58},[44,73546,273],{"class":272},[44,73548,13043],{"class":276},[44,73550,273],{"class":272},[44,73552,66],{"class":58},[44,73554,284],{"class":272},[44,73556,17405],{"class":276},[44,73558,273],{"class":272},[44,73560,66],{"class":58},[44,73562,284],{"class":272},[44,73564,13060],{"class":276},[44,73566,273],{"class":272},[44,73568,72],{"class":58},[44,73570,73571,73573,73575,73577],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73572,17452],{"class":50},[44,73574,108],{"class":58},[44,73576,73343],{"class":111},[44,73578,8590],{"class":58},[44,73580,73581,73583,73585,73587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73582,128],{"class":127},[44,73584,115],{"class":58},[44,73586,17452],{"class":111},[44,73588,121],{"class":58},[20,73590,2028],{},[35,73592,73594],{"className":37,"code":73593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73595,73596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73597,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73599,3856],{"class":58},[44,73601,3259],{"class":272},[44,73603,13060],{"class":276},[44,73605,3259],{"class":272},[44,73607,66],{"class":58},[44,73609,3254],{"class":272},[44,73611,17405],{"class":276},[44,73613,3259],{"class":272},[44,73615,66],{"class":58},[44,73617,3254],{"class":272},[44,73619,13043],{"class":276},[44,73621,3259],{"class":272},[44,73623,72],{"class":58},[30,73625,11425],{"id":11424},[20,73627,73628],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73630,73632],{"className":37,"code":73631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73633,73634,73658,73668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73635,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73637,51],{"class":50},[44,73639,55],{"class":54},[44,73641,59],{"class":58},[44,73643,2287],{"class":62},[44,73645,66],{"class":58},[44,73647,7738],{"class":62},[44,73649,66],{"class":58},[44,73651,7743],{"class":62},[44,73653,66],{"class":58},[44,73655,50794],{"class":62},[44,73657,72],{"class":58},[44,73659,73660,73662,73664,73666],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73661,105],{"class":50},[44,73663,108],{"class":58},[44,73665,73343],{"class":111},[44,73667,8590],{"class":58},[44,73669,73670,73672,73674,73676],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73671,128],{"class":127},[44,73673,115],{"class":58},[44,73675,105],{"class":111},[44,73677,121],{"class":58},[20,73679,2028],{},[35,73681,73683],{"className":37,"code":73682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73684,73685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73686,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73688,3856],{"class":58},[44,73690,56619],{"class":62},[44,73692,66],{"class":58},[44,73694,7743],{"class":62},[44,73696,66],{"class":58},[44,73698,7738],{"class":62},[44,73700,66],{"class":58},[44,73702,5956],{"class":62},[44,73704,72],{"class":58},[20,73706,361],{},[161,73708,73709,73715,73720],{},[164,73710,73711,73712],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73713,73714],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[164,73716,73717,73719],{},[15,73718,73287],{}," flips the order",[164,73721,73722],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73724,73726,73728],{"id":73725},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73727,73287],{}," changes the original list",[20,73730,73731,73732,73735],{},"This method is ",[214,73733,73734],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73737,73739],{"className":37,"code":73738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73740,73741,73773,73783,73787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73742,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73744,265],{"class":50},[44,73746,55],{"class":54},[44,73748,59],{"class":58},[44,73750,273],{"class":272},[44,73752,277],{"class":276},[44,73754,273],{"class":272},[44,73756,66],{"class":58},[44,73758,284],{"class":272},[44,73760,287],{"class":276},[44,73762,273],{"class":272},[44,73764,66],{"class":58},[44,73766,284],{"class":272},[44,73768,4051],{"class":276},[44,73770,273],{"class":272},[44,73772,72],{"class":58},[44,73774,73775,73777,73779,73781],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73776,327],{"class":50},[44,73778,108],{"class":58},[44,73780,73343],{"class":111},[44,73782,8590],{"class":58},[44,73784,73785],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73786,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,73788,73789,73791,73793,73795],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73790,128],{"class":127},[44,73792,115],{"class":58},[44,73794,327],{"class":111},[44,73796,121],{"class":58},[20,73798,2028],{},[35,73800,73802],{"className":37,"code":73801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73803,73804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73805,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73807,3856],{"class":58},[44,73809,3259],{"class":272},[44,73811,4051],{"class":276},[44,73813,3259],{"class":272},[44,73815,66],{"class":58},[44,73817,3254],{"class":272},[44,73819,287],{"class":276},[44,73821,3259],{"class":272},[44,73823,66],{"class":58},[44,73825,3254],{"class":272},[44,73827,277],{"class":276},[44,73829,3259],{"class":272},[44,73831,72],{"class":58},[20,73833,144,73834,73836],{},[15,73835,73287],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73838,73839],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73841,73843],{"className":37,"code":73842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73844,73845,73877,73895,73899,73909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73848,265],{"class":50},[44,73850,55],{"class":54},[44,73852,59],{"class":58},[44,73854,273],{"class":272},[44,73856,277],{"class":276},[44,73858,273],{"class":272},[44,73860,66],{"class":58},[44,73862,284],{"class":272},[44,73864,287],{"class":276},[44,73866,273],{"class":272},[44,73868,66],{"class":58},[44,73870,284],{"class":272},[44,73872,4051],{"class":276},[44,73874,273],{"class":272},[44,73876,72],{"class":58},[44,73878,73879,73882,73884,73886,73889,73891,73893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73880,73881],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73883,55],{"class":54},[44,73885,52797],{"class":50},[44,73887,73888],{"class":58},"[::",[44,73890,1980],{"class":54},[44,73892,63],{"class":62},[44,73894,72],{"class":58},[44,73896,73897],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,73898,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,73900,73901,73903,73905,73907],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73902,128],{"class":127},[44,73904,115],{"class":58},[44,73906,327],{"class":111},[44,73908,121],{"class":58},[44,73910,73911,73913,73915,73918],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,73912,128],{"class":127},[44,73914,115],{"class":58},[44,73916,73917],{"class":111},"reversed_fruits",[44,73919,121],{"class":58},[20,73921,2028],{},[35,73923,73925],{"className":37,"code":73924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73926,73927,73955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73930,3856],{"class":58},[44,73932,3259],{"class":272},[44,73934,277],{"class":276},[44,73936,3259],{"class":272},[44,73938,66],{"class":58},[44,73940,3254],{"class":272},[44,73942,287],{"class":276},[44,73944,3259],{"class":272},[44,73946,66],{"class":58},[44,73948,3254],{"class":272},[44,73950,4051],{"class":276},[44,73952,3259],{"class":272},[44,73954,72],{"class":58},[44,73956,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,73958,3856],{"class":58},[44,73960,3259],{"class":272},[44,73962,4051],{"class":276},[44,73964,3259],{"class":272},[44,73966,66],{"class":58},[44,73968,3254],{"class":272},[44,73970,287],{"class":276},[44,73972,3259],{"class":272},[44,73974,66],{"class":58},[44,73976,3254],{"class":272},[44,73978,277],{"class":276},[44,73980,3259],{"class":272},[44,73982,72],{"class":58},[20,73984,73985,73986,108],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[394,73987,73988],{"href":73305},"Python list slicing explained",[30,73990,73992],{"id":73991},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73994,73995],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73997,73999],{"className":37,"code":73998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74000,74001,74021,74035,74039,74050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74004,51],{"class":50},[44,74006,55],{"class":54},[44,74008,59],{"class":58},[44,74010,63],{"class":62},[44,74012,66],{"class":58},[44,74014,69],{"class":62},[44,74016,66],{"class":58},[44,74018,2408],{"class":62},[44,74020,72],{"class":58},[44,74022,74023,74025,74027,74029,74031,74033],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74024,55817],{"class":50},[44,74026,55],{"class":54},[44,74028,916],{"class":50},[44,74030,108],{"class":58},[44,74032,73343],{"class":111},[44,74034,8590],{"class":58},[44,74036,74037],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74038,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74040,74041,74043,74045,74048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74042,128],{"class":127},[44,74044,115],{"class":58},[44,74046,74047],{"class":111},"new_list",[44,74049,121],{"class":58},[44,74051,74052,74054,74056,74058],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74053,128],{"class":127},[44,74055,115],{"class":58},[44,74057,105],{"class":111},[44,74059,121],{"class":58},[20,74061,2028],{},[35,74063,74065],{"className":37,"code":74064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74066,74067,74071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74068,74069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74070,11758],{"class":1582},[44,74072,74073,74075,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74074,3856],{"class":58},[44,74076,85],{"class":62},[44,74078,66],{"class":58},[44,74080,69],{"class":62},[44,74082,66],{"class":58},[44,74084,5450],{"class":62},[44,74086,72],{"class":58},[20,74088,11850],{},[161,74090,74091,74099,74103],{},[164,74092,74093,74095,74096,74098],{},[15,74094,73287],{}," changes ",[15,74097,105],{}," directly",[164,74100,40857,74101,71605],{},[214,74102,4583],{},[164,74104,53594,74105,42106,74107],{},[15,74106,74047],{},[15,74108,178],{},[20,74110,1017],{},[35,74112,74114],{"className":37,"code":74113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74115,74116,74136,74146,74150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74117,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74119,51],{"class":50},[44,74121,55],{"class":54},[44,74123,59],{"class":58},[44,74125,63],{"class":62},[44,74127,66],{"class":58},[44,74129,69],{"class":62},[44,74131,66],{"class":58},[44,74133,2408],{"class":62},[44,74135,72],{"class":58},[44,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74139,105],{"class":50},[44,74141,108],{"class":58},[44,74143,73343],{"class":111},[44,74145,8590],{"class":58},[44,74147,74148],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74149,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74151,74152,74154,74156,74158],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74153,128],{"class":127},[44,74155,115],{"class":58},[44,74157,105],{"class":111},[44,74159,121],{"class":58},[20,74161,2028],{},[35,74163,74165],{"className":37,"code":74164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74166,74167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74168,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74170,3856],{"class":58},[44,74172,85],{"class":62},[44,74174,66],{"class":58},[44,74176,69],{"class":62},[44,74178,66],{"class":58},[44,74180,5450],{"class":62},[44,74182,72],{"class":58},[30,74184,74186,408,74188,74191],{"id":74185},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74187,73287],{},[15,74189,74190],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74193,74194],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[420,74196,74197],{"id":73343},[15,74198,73287],{},[20,74200,74201,74203],{},[15,74202,73287],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74205,74207],{"className":37,"code":74206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74208,74209,74229,74239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74210,74211,74213,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74212,51],{"class":50},[44,74214,55],{"class":54},[44,74216,59],{"class":58},[44,74218,85],{"class":62},[44,74220,66],{"class":58},[44,74222,5450],{"class":62},[44,74224,66],{"class":58},[44,74226,69],{"class":62},[44,74228,72],{"class":58},[44,74230,74231,74233,74235,74237],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74232,105],{"class":50},[44,74234,108],{"class":58},[44,74236,73343],{"class":111},[44,74238,8590],{"class":58},[44,74240,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74242,128],{"class":127},[44,74244,115],{"class":58},[44,74246,105],{"class":111},[44,74248,121],{"class":58},[20,74250,2028],{},[35,74252,74254],{"className":37,"code":74253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74255,74256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74257,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74259,3856],{"class":58},[44,74261,801],{"class":62},[44,74263,66],{"class":58},[44,74265,5450],{"class":62},[44,74267,66],{"class":58},[44,74269,2408],{"class":62},[44,74271,72],{"class":58},[20,74273,74274,74275,74277],{},"Notice that this is ",[214,74276,4583],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[420,74279,74281],{"id":74280},"sorted",[15,74282,74190],{},[20,74284,74285,74290],{},[394,74286,74288],{"href":74287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74289,74190],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74292,74294],{"className":37,"code":74293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74295,74296,74316,74331,74335,74345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74297,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74299,51],{"class":50},[44,74301,55],{"class":54},[44,74303,59],{"class":58},[44,74305,85],{"class":62},[44,74307,66],{"class":58},[44,74309,5450],{"class":62},[44,74311,66],{"class":58},[44,74313,69],{"class":62},[44,74315,72],{"class":58},[44,74317,74318,74320,74322,74325,74327,74329],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74319,911],{"class":50},[44,74321,55],{"class":54},[44,74323,74324],{"class":127}," sorted",[44,74326,115],{"class":58},[44,74328,105],{"class":111},[44,74330,121],{"class":58},[44,74332,74333],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74334,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74336,74337,74339,74341,74343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74338,128],{"class":127},[44,74340,115],{"class":58},[44,74342,105],{"class":111},[44,74344,121],{"class":58},[44,74346,74347,74349,74351,74353],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74348,128],{"class":127},[44,74350,115],{"class":58},[44,74352,943],{"class":111},[44,74354,121],{"class":58},[20,74356,2028],{},[35,74358,74360],{"className":37,"code":74359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74361,74362,74378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74363,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74365,3856],{"class":58},[44,74367,85],{"class":62},[44,74369,66],{"class":58},[44,74371,5450],{"class":62},[44,74373,66],{"class":58},[44,74375,69],{"class":62},[44,74377,72],{"class":58},[44,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74381,3856],{"class":58},[44,74383,63],{"class":62},[44,74385,66],{"class":58},[44,74387,69],{"class":62},[44,74389,66],{"class":58},[44,74391,2408],{"class":62},[44,74393,72],{"class":58},[20,74395,74396,74397,108],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74398,74399],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[420,74401,74403],{"id":74402},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74405,74406,74407,74410],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74408,74409],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74412,74414],{"className":37,"code":74413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74415,74416,74436,74452,74456,74466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74417,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74419,51],{"class":50},[44,74421,55],{"class":54},[44,74423,59],{"class":58},[44,74425,85],{"class":62},[44,74427,66],{"class":58},[44,74429,5450],{"class":62},[44,74431,66],{"class":58},[44,74433,69],{"class":62},[44,74435,72],{"class":58},[44,74437,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74439,911],{"class":50},[44,74441,55],{"class":54},[44,74443,916],{"class":50},[44,74445,73888],{"class":58},[44,74447,1980],{"class":54},[44,74449,63],{"class":62},[44,74451,72],{"class":58},[44,74453,74454],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74455,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74457,74458,74460,74462,74464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74459,128],{"class":127},[44,74461,115],{"class":58},[44,74463,105],{"class":111},[44,74465,121],{"class":58},[44,74467,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74469,128],{"class":127},[44,74471,115],{"class":58},[44,74473,943],{"class":111},[44,74475,121],{"class":58},[20,74477,2028],{},[35,74479,74481],{"className":37,"code":74480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74482,74483,74499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74484,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74486,3856],{"class":58},[44,74488,85],{"class":62},[44,74490,66],{"class":58},[44,74492,5450],{"class":62},[44,74494,66],{"class":58},[44,74496,69],{"class":62},[44,74498,72],{"class":58},[44,74500,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511,74513],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74502,3856],{"class":58},[44,74504,801],{"class":62},[44,74506,66],{"class":58},[44,74508,5450],{"class":62},[44,74510,66],{"class":58},[44,74512,2408],{"class":62},[44,74514,72],{"class":58},[420,74516,74518],{"id":74517},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[161,74520,74521,74526,74531],{},[164,74522,144,74523,74525],{},[15,74524,73287],{}," when you want to change the original list",[164,74527,144,74528,74530],{},[15,74529,74409],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[164,74532,144,74533,74535],{},[15,74534,74190],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74537,74538,74539,74545],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[394,74540,74542,74543,574],{"href":74541},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74544,64077],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74547,1638,74549],{"id":74548},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74550,73287],{},[20,74552,74553,74555],{},[15,74554,73287],{}," is a good choice:",[161,74557,74558,74561,74564],{},[164,74559,74560],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[164,74562,74563],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[164,74565,74566],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74568,74569,74570,108],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[394,74571,74573],{"href":74572},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74575,2788],{"id":2787},[20,74577,74578,74579,74581],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74580,73287],{}," for these reasons:",[161,74583,74584,74588,74593,74598],{},[164,74585,12545,74586,12548],{},[15,74587,73287],{},[164,74589,8399,74590,74592],{},[15,74591,73287],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[164,74594,582,74595,74597],{},[15,74596,73287],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[164,74599,37154,74600,8652,74602],{},[15,74601,73287],{},[15,74603,74604],{},"reversed()",[20,74606,74607],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74609,74611],{"className":37,"code":74610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74612,74613,74625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74614,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74616,34638],{"class":50},[44,74618,55],{"class":54},[44,74620,284],{"class":272},[44,74622,1262],{"class":276},[44,74624,3318],{"class":272},[44,74626,74627,74629,74631,74633],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74628,34659],{"class":50},[44,74630,108],{"class":58},[44,74632,73343],{"class":111},[44,74634,8590],{"class":58},[20,74636,74637,74638,33550],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74639,73287],{},[20,74641,74642],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74644,74646],{"className":37,"code":74645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74647,74648,74668,74672,74682,74696,74700,74714,74724,74728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74649,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74651,1523],{"class":50},[44,74653,55],{"class":54},[44,74655,59],{"class":58},[44,74657,63],{"class":62},[44,74659,66],{"class":58},[44,74661,69],{"class":62},[44,74663,66],{"class":58},[44,74665,2408],{"class":62},[44,74667,72],{"class":58},[44,74669,74670],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74671,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74673,74674,74676,74678,74680],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74675,128],{"class":127},[44,74677,115],{"class":58},[44,74679,1447],{"class":111},[44,74681,121],{"class":58},[44,74683,74684,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74685,128],{"class":127},[44,74687,115],{"class":58},[44,74689,1459],{"class":1458},[44,74691,115],{"class":58},[44,74693,1447],{"class":111},[44,74695,637],{"class":58},[44,74697,74698],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74699,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,74703,911],{"class":50},[44,74705,55],{"class":54},[44,74707,8342],{"class":50},[44,74709,108],{"class":58},[44,74711,73343],{"class":111},[44,74713,8590],{"class":58},[44,74715,74716,74718,74720,74722],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,74717,128],{"class":127},[44,74719,115],{"class":58},[44,74721,943],{"class":111},[44,74723,121],{"class":58},[44,74725,74726],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,74727,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74729,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,74731,128],{"class":127},[44,74733,115],{"class":58},[44,74735,1447],{"class":111},[44,74737,73888],{"class":58},[44,74739,1980],{"class":54},[44,74741,63],{"class":62},[44,74743,466],{"class":58},[20,74745,2028],{},[35,74747,74749],{"className":37,"code":74748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74750,74751,74767,74781,74785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759,74761,74763,74765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74754,3856],{"class":58},[44,74756,63],{"class":62},[44,74758,66],{"class":58},[44,74760,69],{"class":62},[44,74762,66],{"class":58},[44,74764,2408],{"class":62},[44,74766,72],{"class":58},[44,74768,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74770,3248],{"class":54},[44,74772,3251],{"class":2022},[44,74774,3254],{"class":272},[44,74776,226],{"class":276},[44,74778,3259],{"class":272},[44,74780,3262],{"class":54},[44,74782,74783],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74784,11758],{"class":1582},[44,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74788,3856],{"class":58},[44,74790,63],{"class":62},[44,74792,66],{"class":58},[44,74794,69],{"class":62},[44,74796,66],{"class":58},[44,74798,5450],{"class":62},[44,74800,72],{"class":58},[20,74802,74803],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74805,74807],{"className":37,"code":74806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74808,74809,74829,74833,74843,74857,74861,74875,74885,74895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74810,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74812,1523],{"class":50},[44,74814,55],{"class":54},[44,74816,59],{"class":58},[44,74818,63],{"class":62},[44,74820,66],{"class":58},[44,74822,69],{"class":62},[44,74824,66],{"class":58},[44,74826,2408],{"class":62},[44,74828,72],{"class":58},[44,74830,74831],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74832,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74834,74835,74837,74839,74841],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74836,128],{"class":127},[44,74838,115],{"class":58},[44,74840,1447],{"class":111},[44,74842,121],{"class":58},[44,74844,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74846,128],{"class":127},[44,74848,115],{"class":58},[44,74850,1459],{"class":1458},[44,74852,115],{"class":58},[44,74854,1447],{"class":111},[44,74856,637],{"class":58},[44,74858,74859],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74860,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,74862,74863,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,74864,911],{"class":50},[44,74866,55],{"class":54},[44,74868,8342],{"class":50},[44,74870,108],{"class":58},[44,74872,73343],{"class":111},[44,74874,8590],{"class":58},[44,74876,74877,74879,74881,74883],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,74878,128],{"class":127},[44,74880,115],{"class":58},[44,74882,943],{"class":111},[44,74884,121],{"class":58},[44,74886,74887,74889,74891,74893],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,74888,128],{"class":127},[44,74890,115],{"class":58},[44,74892,1447],{"class":111},[44,74894,121],{"class":58},[44,74896,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,74898,128],{"class":127},[44,74900,115],{"class":58},[44,74902,1447],{"class":111},[44,74904,73888],{"class":58},[44,74906,1980],{"class":54},[44,74908,63],{"class":62},[44,74910,466],{"class":58},[20,74912,2028],{},[35,74914,74916],{"className":37,"code":74915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74917,74918,74934,74948,74952,74968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74919,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74921,3856],{"class":58},[44,74923,63],{"class":62},[44,74925,66],{"class":58},[44,74927,69],{"class":62},[44,74929,66],{"class":58},[44,74931,2408],{"class":62},[44,74933,72],{"class":58},[44,74935,74936,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,74937,3248],{"class":54},[44,74939,3251],{"class":2022},[44,74941,3254],{"class":272},[44,74943,226],{"class":276},[44,74945,3259],{"class":272},[44,74947,3262],{"class":54},[44,74949,74950],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,74951,11758],{"class":1582},[44,74953,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74955,3856],{"class":58},[44,74957,85],{"class":62},[44,74959,66],{"class":58},[44,74961,69],{"class":62},[44,74963,66],{"class":58},[44,74965,5450],{"class":62},[44,74967,72],{"class":58},[44,74969,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,74971,3856],{"class":58},[44,74973,63],{"class":62},[44,74975,66],{"class":58},[44,74977,69],{"class":62},[44,74979,66],{"class":58},[44,74981,2408],{"class":62},[44,74983,72],{"class":58},[20,74985,74986],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[161,74988,74989,74998,75007],{},[164,74990,27747,74991,74994,74995],{},[15,74992,74993],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74996,74997],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[164,74999,11866,75000,75003,75004,22510],{},[15,75001,75002],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[214,75005,75006],{},"current",[164,75008,75009,75010],{},"So it prints ",[15,75011,75012],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,75014,1757],{"id":1756},[420,75016,1761,75018,1764],{"id":75017},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75019,73292],{},[20,75021,1767,75022,108],{},[15,75023,178],{},[420,75025,34155,75027,34158,75029,1778],{"id":75026},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75028,73287],{},[15,75030,75031],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75033,75034,75036],{},[15,75035,73287],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75038,75039,75041],{},[15,75040,75031],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[420,75043,1790,75045,75047],{"id":75044},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75046,73287],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75049,46316,75050,75052],{},[15,75051,73287],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[420,75054,75056],{"id":75055},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75058,75059],{},"Use slicing:",[35,75061,75063],{"className":37,"code":75062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75064,75065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75068,1447],{"class":50},[44,75070,73888],{"class":58},[44,75072,1980],{"class":54},[44,75074,63],{"class":62},[44,75076,72],{"class":58},[20,75078,75079],{},"Or use:",[35,75081,75083],{"className":37,"code":75082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75084,75085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75086,75087,75089,75091,75094,75096,75098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75088,226],{"class":1458},[44,75090,115],{"class":58},[44,75092,75093],{"class":127},"reversed",[44,75095,115],{"class":58},[44,75097,1447],{"class":111},[44,75099,637],{"class":58},[20,75101,75102,75103,75107],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[394,75104,571,75105],{"href":1858},[15,75106,1861],{}," can also help.",[30,75109,1821],{"id":1820},[161,75111,75112,75118,75124,75128,75132],{},[164,75113,75114],{},[394,75115,571,75116,574],{"href":74541},[15,75117,64077],{},[164,75119,75120],{},[394,75121,3536,75122,3469],{"href":74287},[15,75123,74190],{},[164,75125,75126],{},[394,75127,74573],{"href":74572},[164,75129,75130],{},[394,75131,73988],{"href":73305},[164,75133,75134],{},[394,75135,571,75136,574],{"href":1858},[15,75137,1861],{},[1872,75139,75140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":75142},[75143,75144,75146,75147,75148,75150,75151,75158,75160,75161,75170],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":73366,"depth":75,"text":75145},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":73725,"depth":75,"text":75149},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73991,"depth":75,"text":73992},{"id":74185,"depth":75,"text":75152,"children":75153},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75154,75155,75156,75157],{"id":73343,"depth":95,"text":73287},{"id":74280,"depth":95,"text":74190},{"id":74402,"depth":95,"text":74403},{"id":74517,"depth":95,"text":74518},{"id":74548,"depth":75,"text":75159},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":75162},[75163,75165,75167,75169],{"id":75017,"depth":95,"text":75164},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75026,"depth":95,"text":75166},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75044,"depth":95,"text":75168},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75055,"depth":95,"text":75056},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73279,"description":75171},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75178,"title":75179,"body":75180,"description":77613,"extension":1921,"meta":77614,"navigation":98,"path":77615,"seo":77616,"stem":77617,"__hash__":77618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75181,"toc":77581},[75182,75185,75197,75200,75223,75231,75233,75345,75354,75358,75361,75364,75451,75453,75486,75488,75511,75517,75521,75524,75546,75548,75565,75568,75588,75590,75700,75702,75779,75783,75786,75829,75831,75964,75966,76068,76073,76077,76080,76082,76096,76099,76213,76215,76289,76291,76319,76323,76328,76358,76361,76487,76489,76571,76577,76581,76583,76622,76631,76635,76638,76642,76689,76691,76699,76703,76754,76756,76769,76771,76785,76788,76796,76798,76845,76847,76855,76858,76901,76906,76909,76912,76935,76939,76990,76993,77014,77024,77028,77030,77060,77063,77086,77090,77093,77160,77162,77199,77202,77210,77277,77279,77316,77322,77329,77333,77336,77366,77371,77375,77378,77402,77405,77499,77509,77511,77515,77518,77522,77525,77530,77533,77539,77542,77544,77572,77578],[10,75183,75179],{"id":75184},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75186,75187,75188,798,75190,802,75193,75196],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75189,36025],{},[15,75191,75192],{},"stop",[15,75194,75195],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75198,75199],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75201,75203],{"className":37,"code":75202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75204,75205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75206,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75208,1447],{"class":50},[44,75210,3856],{"class":58},[44,75212,36025],{"class":50},[44,75214,159],{"class":58},[44,75216,75192],{"class":50},[44,75218,159],{"class":58},[44,75220,75195],{"class":50},[44,75222,72],{"class":58},[20,75224,75225,75226,75228,75229,108],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75227,75192],{}," position is ",[214,75230,64835],{},[30,75232,33],{"id":32},[35,75234,75236],{"className":37,"code":75235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75237,75238,75266,75270,75291,75309,75326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75239,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75241,51],{"class":50},[44,75243,55],{"class":54},[44,75245,59],{"class":58},[44,75247,2287],{"class":62},[44,75249,66],{"class":58},[44,75251,7738],{"class":62},[44,75253,66],{"class":58},[44,75255,7743],{"class":62},[44,75257,66],{"class":58},[44,75259,50794],{"class":62},[44,75261,66],{"class":58},[44,75263,5034],{"class":62},[44,75265,72],{"class":58},[44,75267,75268],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75269,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,75271,75272,75274,75276,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,75273,128],{"class":127},[44,75275,115],{"class":58},[44,75277,105],{"class":111},[44,75279,3856],{"class":58},[44,75281,63],{"class":62},[44,75283,159],{"class":58},[44,75285,2461],{"class":62},[44,75287,20396],{"class":58},[44,75289,75290],{"class":140},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75292,75293,75295,75297,75299,75302,75304,75306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75294,128],{"class":127},[44,75296,115],{"class":58},[44,75298,105],{"class":111},[44,75300,75301],{"class":58},"[:",[44,75303,85],{"class":62},[44,75305,20396],{"class":58},[44,75307,75308],{"class":140},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75310,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,75312,128],{"class":127},[44,75314,115],{"class":58},[44,75316,105],{"class":111},[44,75318,73888],{"class":58},[44,75320,801],{"class":62},[44,75322,20396],{"class":58},[44,75324,75325],{"class":140},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75327,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,75329,128],{"class":127},[44,75331,115],{"class":58},[44,75333,105],{"class":111},[44,75335,73888],{"class":58},[44,75337,1980],{"class":54},[44,75339,63],{"class":62},[44,75341,20396],{"class":58},[44,75343,75344],{"class":140},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75346,144,75347,75350,75351,75353],{},[15,75348,75349],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75352,75192],{}," value is not included.",[30,75355,75357],{"id":75356},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75359,75360],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75362,75363],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75365,75367],{"className":37,"code":75366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75368,75369,75417,75421,75440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75370,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75372,672],{"class":50},[44,75374,55],{"class":54},[44,75376,59],{"class":58},[44,75378,273],{"class":272},[44,75380,394],{"class":276},[44,75382,273],{"class":272},[44,75384,66],{"class":58},[44,75386,284],{"class":272},[44,75388,4714],{"class":276},[44,75390,273],{"class":272},[44,75392,66],{"class":58},[44,75394,284],{"class":272},[44,75396,9689],{"class":276},[44,75398,273],{"class":272},[44,75400,66],{"class":58},[44,75402,284],{"class":272},[44,75404,18717],{"class":276},[44,75406,273],{"class":272},[44,75408,66],{"class":58},[44,75410,284],{"class":272},[44,75412,60370],{"class":276},[44,75414,273],{"class":272},[44,75416,72],{"class":58},[44,75418,75419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75420,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,75422,75423,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,75424,75425],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75427,55],{"class":54},[44,75429,69862],{"class":50},[44,75431,3856],{"class":58},[44,75433,63],{"class":62},[44,75435,159],{"class":58},[44,75437,2461],{"class":62},[44,75439,72],{"class":58},[44,75441,75442,75444,75446,75449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75443,128],{"class":127},[44,75445,115],{"class":58},[44,75447,75448],{"class":111},"part",[44,75450,121],{"class":58},[20,75452,2028],{},[35,75454,75456],{"className":37,"code":75455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75457,75458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75459,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75461,3856],{"class":58},[44,75463,3259],{"class":272},[44,75465,4714],{"class":276},[44,75467,3259],{"class":272},[44,75469,66],{"class":58},[44,75471,3254],{"class":272},[44,75473,9689],{"class":276},[44,75475,3259],{"class":272},[44,75477,66],{"class":58},[44,75479,3254],{"class":272},[44,75481,18717],{"class":276},[44,75483,3259],{"class":272},[44,75485,72],{"class":58},[20,75487,13002],{},[161,75489,75490,75493,75496,75502,75508],{},[164,75491,75492],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[164,75494,75495],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[164,75497,75498,75499],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75500,75501],{},"list[start:stop]",[164,75503,75504,75505,75507],{},"The item at ",[15,75506,75192],{}," is not included",[164,75509,75510],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75512,75513,75514,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[394,75515,75516],{"href":396},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75518,75520],{"id":75519},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75522,75523],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75525,75526],{"className":37,"code":75202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75527,75528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75529,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75531,1447],{"class":50},[44,75533,3856],{"class":58},[44,75535,36025],{"class":50},[44,75537,159],{"class":58},[44,75539,75192],{"class":50},[44,75541,159],{"class":58},[44,75543,75195],{"class":50},[44,75545,72],{"class":58},[20,75547,64811],{},[161,75549,75550,75555,75560],{},[164,75551,75552,75554],{},[15,75553,36025],{}," is where slicing begins",[164,75556,75557,75559],{},[15,75558,75192],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[164,75561,75562,75564],{},[15,75563,75195],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75566,75567],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[161,75569,75570,75576,75581],{},[164,75571,75572,75573,75575],{},"Missing ",[15,75574,36025],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[164,75577,75572,75578,75580],{},[15,75579,75192],{}," means go to the end of the list",[164,75582,75572,75583,75585,75586],{},[15,75584,75195],{}," means use ",[15,75587,63],{},[20,75589,2164],{},[35,75591,75593],{"className":37,"code":75592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75594,75595,75623,75627,75648,75665,75683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75596,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75598,51],{"class":50},[44,75600,55],{"class":54},[44,75602,59],{"class":58},[44,75604,2287],{"class":62},[44,75606,66],{"class":58},[44,75608,7738],{"class":62},[44,75610,66],{"class":58},[44,75612,7743],{"class":62},[44,75614,66],{"class":58},[44,75616,50794],{"class":62},[44,75618,66],{"class":58},[44,75620,5034],{"class":62},[44,75622,72],{"class":58},[44,75624,75625],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75626,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,75628,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,75630,128],{"class":127},[44,75632,115],{"class":58},[44,75634,105],{"class":111},[44,75636,3856],{"class":58},[44,75638,63],{"class":62},[44,75640,159],{"class":58},[44,75642,2461],{"class":62},[44,75644,20396],{"class":58},[44,75646,75647],{"class":140},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75649,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75651,128],{"class":127},[44,75653,115],{"class":58},[44,75655,105],{"class":111},[44,75657,75301],{"class":58},[44,75659,85],{"class":62},[44,75661,20396],{"class":58},[44,75663,75664],{"class":140},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75666,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75680],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,75668,128],{"class":127},[44,75670,115],{"class":58},[44,75672,105],{"class":111},[44,75674,3856],{"class":58},[44,75676,801],{"class":62},[44,75678,75679],{"class":58},":])",[44,75681,75682],{"class":140},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75684,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,75686,128],{"class":127},[44,75688,115],{"class":58},[44,75690,105],{"class":111},[44,75692,73888],{"class":58},[44,75694,63],{"class":62},[44,75696,20396],{"class":58},[44,75698,75699],{"class":140},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75701,2028],{},[35,75703,75705],{"className":37,"code":75704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75706,75707,75723,75739,75755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75708,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75710,3856],{"class":58},[44,75712,15703],{"class":62},[44,75714,66],{"class":58},[44,75716,7743],{"class":62},[44,75718,66],{"class":58},[44,75720,50794],{"class":62},[44,75722,72],{"class":58},[44,75724,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75726,3856],{"class":58},[44,75728,2287],{"class":62},[44,75730,66],{"class":58},[44,75732,7738],{"class":62},[44,75734,66],{"class":58},[44,75736,7743],{"class":62},[44,75738,72],{"class":58},[44,75740,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,75742,3856],{"class":58},[44,75744,36791],{"class":62},[44,75746,66],{"class":58},[44,75748,50794],{"class":62},[44,75750,66],{"class":58},[44,75752,5034],{"class":62},[44,75754,72],{"class":58},[44,75756,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75758,3856],{"class":58},[44,75760,2287],{"class":62},[44,75762,66],{"class":58},[44,75764,7738],{"class":62},[44,75766,66],{"class":58},[44,75768,7743],{"class":62},[44,75770,66],{"class":58},[44,75772,50794],{"class":62},[44,75774,66],{"class":58},[44,75776,5034],{"class":62},[44,75778,72],{"class":58},[30,75780,75782],{"id":75781},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75784,75785],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[161,75787,75788,75797,75806,75817,75823],{},[164,75789,75790,75793,75794,5917],{},[15,75791,75792],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75795,75796],{},"n",[164,75798,75799,75802,75803,75805],{},[15,75800,75801],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75804,75796],{}," to the end",[164,75807,75808,75811,75812,75814,75815],{},[15,75809,75810],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75813,394],{}," up to ",[15,75816,4714],{},[164,75818,75819,75822],{},[15,75820,75821],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[164,75824,75825,75828],{},[15,75826,75827],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75830,2164],{},[35,75832,75834],{"className":37,"code":75833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75835,75836,75869,75873,75890,75907,75928,75945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75839,51],{"class":50},[44,75841,55],{"class":54},[44,75843,59],{"class":58},[44,75845,2287],{"class":62},[44,75847,66],{"class":58},[44,75849,7738],{"class":62},[44,75851,66],{"class":58},[44,75853,7743],{"class":62},[44,75855,66],{"class":58},[44,75857,50794],{"class":62},[44,75859,66],{"class":58},[44,75861,5034],{"class":62},[44,75863,66],{"class":58},[44,75865,75866],{"class":62}," 60",[44,75868,72],{"class":58},[44,75870,75871],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75872,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,75874,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,75876,128],{"class":127},[44,75878,115],{"class":58},[44,75880,105],{"class":111},[44,75882,75301],{"class":58},[44,75884,85],{"class":62},[44,75886,20396],{"class":58},[44,75888,75889],{"class":140},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75891,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75893,128],{"class":127},[44,75895,115],{"class":58},[44,75897,105],{"class":111},[44,75899,3856],{"class":58},[44,75901,85],{"class":62},[44,75903,75679],{"class":58},[44,75905,75906],{"class":140},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75908,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,75910,128],{"class":127},[44,75912,115],{"class":58},[44,75914,105],{"class":111},[44,75916,3856],{"class":58},[44,75918,63],{"class":62},[44,75920,159],{"class":58},[44,75922,1410],{"class":62},[44,75924,20396],{"class":58},[44,75926,75927],{"class":140},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75929,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,75931,128],{"class":127},[44,75933,115],{"class":58},[44,75935,105],{"class":111},[44,75937,73888],{"class":58},[44,75939,801],{"class":62},[44,75941,20396],{"class":58},[44,75943,75944],{"class":140},"   # every second item\n",[44,75946,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,75948,128],{"class":127},[44,75950,115],{"class":58},[44,75952,105],{"class":111},[44,75954,73888],{"class":58},[44,75956,1980],{"class":54},[44,75958,63],{"class":62},[44,75960,20396],{"class":58},[44,75962,75963],{"class":140},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75965,2028],{},[35,75967,75969],{"className":37,"code":75968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75970,75971,75987,76003,76023,76039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75972,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75974,3856],{"class":58},[44,75976,2287],{"class":62},[44,75978,66],{"class":58},[44,75980,7738],{"class":62},[44,75982,66],{"class":58},[44,75984,7743],{"class":62},[44,75986,72],{"class":58},[44,75988,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,75990,3856],{"class":58},[44,75992,56619],{"class":62},[44,75994,66],{"class":58},[44,75996,5034],{"class":62},[44,75998,66],{"class":58},[44,76000,75866],{"class":62},[44,76002,72],{"class":58},[44,76004,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76006,3856],{"class":58},[44,76008,15703],{"class":62},[44,76010,66],{"class":58},[44,76012,7743],{"class":62},[44,76014,66],{"class":58},[44,76016,50794],{"class":62},[44,76018,66],{"class":58},[44,76020,5034],{"class":62},[44,76022,72],{"class":58},[44,76024,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76026,3856],{"class":58},[44,76028,2287],{"class":62},[44,76030,66],{"class":58},[44,76032,7743],{"class":62},[44,76034,66],{"class":58},[44,76036,5034],{"class":62},[44,76038,72],{"class":58},[44,76040,76041,76043,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,76042,3856],{"class":58},[44,76044,76045],{"class":62},"60",[44,76047,66],{"class":58},[44,76049,5034],{"class":62},[44,76051,66],{"class":58},[44,76053,50794],{"class":62},[44,76055,66],{"class":58},[44,76057,7743],{"class":62},[44,76059,66],{"class":58},[44,76061,7738],{"class":62},[44,76063,66],{"class":58},[44,76065,5956],{"class":62},[44,76067,72],{"class":58},[20,76069,76070,76071,108],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[394,76072,14836],{"href":57143},[30,76074,76076],{"id":76075},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76078,76079],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76081,1659],{},[161,76083,76084,76090],{},[164,76085,76086,76089],{},[15,76087,76088],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[164,76091,76092,76095],{},[15,76093,76094],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76097,76098],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,76100,76102],{"className":37,"code":76101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76103,76104,76152,76156,76175,76194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76105,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76107,672],{"class":50},[44,76109,55],{"class":54},[44,76111,59],{"class":58},[44,76113,273],{"class":272},[44,76115,394],{"class":276},[44,76117,273],{"class":272},[44,76119,66],{"class":58},[44,76121,284],{"class":272},[44,76123,4714],{"class":276},[44,76125,273],{"class":272},[44,76127,66],{"class":58},[44,76129,284],{"class":272},[44,76131,9689],{"class":276},[44,76133,273],{"class":272},[44,76135,66],{"class":58},[44,76137,284],{"class":272},[44,76139,18717],{"class":276},[44,76141,273],{"class":272},[44,76143,66],{"class":58},[44,76145,284],{"class":272},[44,76147,60370],{"class":276},[44,76149,273],{"class":272},[44,76151,72],{"class":58},[44,76153,76154],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76155,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76157,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76159,128],{"class":127},[44,76161,115],{"class":58},[44,76163,689],{"class":111},[44,76165,3856],{"class":58},[44,76167,1980],{"class":54},[44,76169,63],{"class":62},[44,76171,20396],{"class":58},[44,76173,76174],{"class":140},"    # last item\n",[44,76176,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76178,128],{"class":127},[44,76180,115],{"class":58},[44,76182,689],{"class":111},[44,76184,3856],{"class":58},[44,76186,1980],{"class":54},[44,76188,85],{"class":62},[44,76190,75679],{"class":58},[44,76192,76193],{"class":140},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76195,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,76197,128],{"class":127},[44,76199,115],{"class":58},[44,76201,689],{"class":111},[44,76203,75301],{"class":58},[44,76205,1980],{"class":54},[44,76207,63],{"class":62},[44,76209,20396],{"class":58},[44,76211,76212],{"class":140},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76214,2028],{},[35,76216,76218],{"className":37,"code":76217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76219,76220,76225,76253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76221,76222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76223,76224],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76226,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76228,3856],{"class":58},[44,76230,3259],{"class":272},[44,76232,9689],{"class":276},[44,76234,3259],{"class":272},[44,76236,66],{"class":58},[44,76238,3254],{"class":272},[44,76240,18717],{"class":276},[44,76242,3259],{"class":272},[44,76244,66],{"class":58},[44,76246,3254],{"class":272},[44,76248,60370],{"class":276},[44,76250,3259],{"class":272},[44,76252,72],{"class":58},[44,76254,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76256,3856],{"class":58},[44,76258,3259],{"class":272},[44,76260,394],{"class":276},[44,76262,3259],{"class":272},[44,76264,66],{"class":58},[44,76266,3254],{"class":272},[44,76268,4714],{"class":276},[44,76270,3259],{"class":272},[44,76272,66],{"class":58},[44,76274,3254],{"class":272},[44,76276,9689],{"class":276},[44,76278,3259],{"class":272},[44,76280,66],{"class":58},[44,76282,3254],{"class":272},[44,76284,18717],{"class":276},[44,76286,3259],{"class":272},[44,76288,72],{"class":58},[20,76290,13002],{},[161,76292,76293,76296,76300,76306,76312],{},[164,76294,76295],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[164,76297,76298,76089],{},[15,76299,76088],{},[164,76301,76302,76305],{},[15,76303,76304],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[164,76307,76308,76311],{},[15,76309,76310],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[164,76313,76314,76315,398,76317],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76316,36025],{},[15,76318,75192],{},[30,76320,76322],{"id":76321},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76324,1938,76325,76327],{},[15,76326,75195],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[161,76329,76330,76333,76336,76341,76351],{},[164,76331,76332],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[164,76334,76335],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[164,76337,76338,76340],{},[15,76339,75827],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[164,76342,8823,76343,76345,76346,76348,76349],{},[15,76344,75195],{}," is negative, ",[15,76347,36025],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76350,75192],{},[164,76352,76353,76355,76356],{},[15,76354,75195],{}," cannot be ",[15,76357,746],{},[20,76359,76360],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76362,76364],{"className":37,"code":76363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76365,76366,76398,76402,76419,76441,76460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76369,51],{"class":50},[44,76371,55],{"class":54},[44,76373,59],{"class":58},[44,76375,2287],{"class":62},[44,76377,66],{"class":58},[44,76379,7738],{"class":62},[44,76381,66],{"class":58},[44,76383,7743],{"class":62},[44,76385,66],{"class":58},[44,76387,50794],{"class":62},[44,76389,66],{"class":58},[44,76391,5034],{"class":62},[44,76393,66],{"class":58},[44,76395,75866],{"class":62},[44,76397,72],{"class":58},[44,76399,76400],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76401,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76403,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76405,128],{"class":127},[44,76407,115],{"class":58},[44,76409,105],{"class":111},[44,76411,73888],{"class":58},[44,76413,801],{"class":62},[44,76415,20396],{"class":58},[44,76417,76418],{"class":140},"     # every second item\n",[44,76420,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76434,76436,76438],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76422,128],{"class":127},[44,76424,115],{"class":58},[44,76426,105],{"class":111},[44,76428,3856],{"class":58},[44,76430,63],{"class":62},[44,76432,76433],{"class":58},"::",[44,76435,801],{"class":62},[44,76437,20396],{"class":58},[44,76439,76440],{"class":140},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76442,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,76444,128],{"class":127},[44,76446,115],{"class":58},[44,76448,105],{"class":111},[44,76450,73888],{"class":58},[44,76452,1980],{"class":54},[44,76454,63],{"class":62},[44,76456,20396],{"class":58},[44,76458,76459],{"class":140},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76461,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,76463,128],{"class":127},[44,76465,115],{"class":58},[44,76467,105],{"class":111},[44,76469,3856],{"class":58},[44,76471,2461],{"class":62},[44,76473,159],{"class":58},[44,76475,63],{"class":62},[44,76477,159],{"class":58},[44,76479,1980],{"class":54},[44,76481,63],{"class":62},[44,76483,20396],{"class":58},[44,76485,76486],{"class":140},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76488,2028],{},[35,76490,76492],{"className":37,"code":76491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76493,76494,76510,76526,76554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76497,3856],{"class":58},[44,76499,2287],{"class":62},[44,76501,66],{"class":58},[44,76503,7743],{"class":62},[44,76505,66],{"class":58},[44,76507,5034],{"class":62},[44,76509,72],{"class":58},[44,76511,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76513,3856],{"class":58},[44,76515,15703],{"class":62},[44,76517,66],{"class":58},[44,76519,50794],{"class":62},[44,76521,66],{"class":58},[44,76523,75866],{"class":62},[44,76525,72],{"class":58},[44,76527,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76529,3856],{"class":58},[44,76531,76045],{"class":62},[44,76533,66],{"class":58},[44,76535,5034],{"class":62},[44,76537,66],{"class":58},[44,76539,50794],{"class":62},[44,76541,66],{"class":58},[44,76543,7743],{"class":62},[44,76545,66],{"class":58},[44,76547,7738],{"class":62},[44,76549,66],{"class":58},[44,76551,5956],{"class":62},[44,76553,72],{"class":58},[44,76555,76556,76558,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76557,3856],{"class":58},[44,76559,76560],{"class":62},"50",[44,76562,66],{"class":58},[44,76564,50794],{"class":62},[44,76566,66],{"class":58},[44,76568,7743],{"class":62},[44,76570,72],{"class":58},[20,76572,76573,76574,108],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[394,76575,76576],{"href":74572},"how to reverse a list in Python",[420,76578,76580],{"id":76579},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76582,2795],{},[35,76584,76586],{"className":37,"code":76585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76587,76588,76608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76589,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76591,51],{"class":50},[44,76593,55],{"class":54},[44,76595,59],{"class":58},[44,76597,63],{"class":62},[44,76599,66],{"class":58},[44,76601,69],{"class":62},[44,76603,66],{"class":58},[44,76605,2408],{"class":62},[44,76607,72],{"class":58},[44,76609,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76611,128],{"class":127},[44,76613,115],{"class":58},[44,76615,105],{"class":111},[44,76617,73888],{"class":58},[44,76619,746],{"class":62},[44,76621,466],{"class":58},[20,76623,76624,76625,76627,76628,76630],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76626,40655],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76629,746],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76632,76634],{"id":76633},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76636,76637],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[420,76639,76641],{"id":76640},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76643,76645],{"className":37,"code":76644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76646,76647,76671,76675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76648,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76650,51],{"class":50},[44,76652,55],{"class":54},[44,76654,59],{"class":58},[44,76656,2287],{"class":62},[44,76658,66],{"class":58},[44,76660,7738],{"class":62},[44,76662,66],{"class":58},[44,76664,7743],{"class":62},[44,76666,66],{"class":58},[44,76668,50794],{"class":62},[44,76670,72],{"class":58},[44,76672,76673],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76674,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76676,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76678,128],{"class":127},[44,76680,115],{"class":58},[44,76682,105],{"class":111},[44,76684,3856],{"class":58},[44,76686,801],{"class":62},[44,76688,466],{"class":58},[20,76690,2028],{},[35,76692,76693],{"className":37,"code":69606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76694,76695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76696,76697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76698,69606],{"class":62},[420,76700,76702],{"id":76701},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76704,76706],{"className":37,"code":76705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76707,76708,76732,76736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76709,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76711,51],{"class":50},[44,76713,55],{"class":54},[44,76715,59],{"class":58},[44,76717,2287],{"class":62},[44,76719,66],{"class":58},[44,76721,7738],{"class":62},[44,76723,66],{"class":58},[44,76725,7743],{"class":62},[44,76727,66],{"class":58},[44,76729,50794],{"class":62},[44,76731,72],{"class":58},[44,76733,76734],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76735,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76737,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750,76752],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76739,128],{"class":127},[44,76741,115],{"class":58},[44,76743,105],{"class":111},[44,76745,3856],{"class":58},[44,76747,801],{"class":62},[44,76749,159],{"class":58},[44,76751,85],{"class":62},[44,76753,466],{"class":58},[20,76755,2028],{},[35,76757,76759],{"className":37,"code":76758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76760,76761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76762,76763,76765,76767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76764,3856],{"class":58},[44,76766,36791],{"class":62},[44,76768,72],{"class":58},[20,76770,13711],{},[161,76772,76773,76779],{},[164,76774,76775,76778],{},[15,76776,76777],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[164,76780,76781,76784],{},[15,76782,76783],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76786,76787],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[161,76789,76790,76793],{},[164,76791,76792],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[164,76794,76795],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76797,2164],{},[35,76799,76801],{"className":37,"code":76800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76802,76803,76823,76827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76804,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817,76819,76821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76806,51],{"class":50},[44,76808,55],{"class":54},[44,76810,59],{"class":58},[44,76812,2287],{"class":62},[44,76814,66],{"class":58},[44,76816,7738],{"class":62},[44,76818,66],{"class":58},[44,76820,7743],{"class":62},[44,76822,72],{"class":58},[44,76824,76825],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76826,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76828,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76830,128],{"class":127},[44,76832,115],{"class":58},[44,76834,105],{"class":111},[44,76836,3856],{"class":58},[44,76838,1410],{"class":62},[44,76840,159],{"class":58},[44,76842,2287],{"class":62},[44,76844,466],{"class":58},[20,76846,2028],{},[35,76848,76849],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76850,76851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76852,76853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76854,38248],{"class":58},[20,76856,76857],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76859,76861],{"className":37,"code":76860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76862,76863,76883,76887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76864,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76866,51],{"class":50},[44,76868,55],{"class":54},[44,76870,59],{"class":58},[44,76872,2287],{"class":62},[44,76874,66],{"class":58},[44,76876,7738],{"class":62},[44,76878,66],{"class":58},[44,76880,7743],{"class":62},[44,76882,72],{"class":58},[44,76884,76885],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76886,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,76888,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,76890,128],{"class":127},[44,76892,115],{"class":58},[44,76894,105],{"class":111},[44,76896,3856],{"class":58},[44,76898,1410],{"class":62},[44,76900,466],{"class":58},[20,76902,76903,76904,108],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[394,76905,69025],{"href":69024},[30,76907,15125],{"id":76908},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76910,76911],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[161,76913,76914,76918,76920,76923,76929],{},[164,76915,4657,76916,75507],{},[15,76917,75192],{},[164,76919,60614],{},[164,76921,76922],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[164,76924,37154,76925,8652,76927],{},[15,76926,75827],{},[15,76928,73292],{},[164,76930,76931,76932,76934],{},"Using step ",[15,76933,746],{},", which causes an error",[420,76936,76938],{"id":76937},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76940,76942],{"className":37,"code":76941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76943,76944,76972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76945,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76947,51],{"class":50},[44,76949,55],{"class":54},[44,76951,59],{"class":58},[44,76953,2287],{"class":62},[44,76955,66],{"class":58},[44,76957,7738],{"class":62},[44,76959,66],{"class":58},[44,76961,7743],{"class":62},[44,76963,66],{"class":58},[44,76965,50794],{"class":62},[44,76967,66],{"class":58},[44,76969,5034],{"class":62},[44,76971,72],{"class":58},[44,76973,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,76975,128],{"class":127},[44,76977,115],{"class":58},[44,76979,105],{"class":111},[44,76981,3856],{"class":58},[44,76983,63],{"class":62},[44,76985,159],{"class":58},[44,76987,2461],{"class":62},[44,76989,466],{"class":58},[20,76991,76992],{},"This returns:",[35,76994,76996],{"className":37,"code":76995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76997,76998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76999,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77001,3856],{"class":58},[44,77003,15703],{"class":62},[44,77005,66],{"class":58},[44,77007,7743],{"class":62},[44,77009,66],{"class":58},[44,77011,50794],{"class":62},[44,77013,72],{"class":58},[20,77015,40857,77016,77018,77019,77021,77022,108],{},[214,77017,4583],{}," include ",[15,77020,76560],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77023,2461],{},[420,77025,77027],{"id":77026},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77029,16593],{},[35,77031,77033],{"className":37,"code":77032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77034,77035,77055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77036,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77038,51],{"class":50},[44,77040,55],{"class":54},[44,77042,59],{"class":58},[44,77044,2287],{"class":62},[44,77046,66],{"class":58},[44,77048,7738],{"class":62},[44,77050,66],{"class":58},[44,77052,7743],{"class":62},[44,77054,72],{"class":58},[44,77056,77057],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77058,77059],{"class":140},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77061,77062],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,77064,77066],{"className":37,"code":77065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77067,77068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77071,128],{"class":127},[44,77073,115],{"class":58},[44,77075,105],{"class":111},[44,77077,3856],{"class":58},[44,77079,63],{"class":62},[44,77081,159],{"class":58},[44,77083,85],{"class":62},[44,77085,466],{"class":58},[420,77087,77089],{"id":77088},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77091,77092],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,77094,77096],{"className":37,"code":77095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77097,77098,77122,77136,77140,77150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77099,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77101,51],{"class":50},[44,77103,55],{"class":54},[44,77105,59],{"class":58},[44,77107,2287],{"class":62},[44,77109,66],{"class":58},[44,77111,7738],{"class":62},[44,77113,66],{"class":58},[44,77115,7743],{"class":62},[44,77117,66],{"class":58},[44,77119,50794],{"class":62},[44,77121,72],{"class":58},[44,77123,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77125,75425],{"class":50},[44,77127,55],{"class":54},[44,77129,916],{"class":50},[44,77131,75301],{"class":58},[44,77133,801],{"class":62},[44,77135,72],{"class":58},[44,77137,77138],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77139,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,77141,77142,77144,77146,77148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77143,128],{"class":127},[44,77145,115],{"class":58},[44,77147,75448],{"class":111},[44,77149,121],{"class":58},[44,77151,77152,77154,77156,77158],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,77153,128],{"class":127},[44,77155,115],{"class":58},[44,77157,105],{"class":111},[44,77159,121],{"class":58},[20,77161,2028],{},[35,77163,77165],{"className":37,"code":77164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77166,77167,77179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77168,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77170,3856],{"class":58},[44,77172,2287],{"class":62},[44,77174,66],{"class":58},[44,77176,7738],{"class":62},[44,77178,72],{"class":58},[44,77180,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77182,3856],{"class":58},[44,77184,2287],{"class":62},[44,77186,66],{"class":58},[44,77188,7738],{"class":62},[44,77190,66],{"class":58},[44,77192,7743],{"class":62},[44,77194,66],{"class":58},[44,77196,50794],{"class":62},[44,77198,72],{"class":58},[20,77200,77201],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[420,77203,77205,77206,8652,77208],{"id":77204},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77207,75827],{},[15,77209,73292],{},[35,77211,77213],{"className":37,"code":77212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77214,77215,77235,77239,77256,77267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77216,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77218,51],{"class":50},[44,77220,55],{"class":54},[44,77222,59],{"class":58},[44,77224,2287],{"class":62},[44,77226,66],{"class":58},[44,77228,7738],{"class":62},[44,77230,66],{"class":58},[44,77232,7743],{"class":62},[44,77234,72],{"class":58},[44,77236,77237],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77238,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,77240,77241,77244,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77242,77243],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77245,55],{"class":54},[44,77247,916],{"class":50},[44,77249,73888],{"class":58},[44,77251,1980],{"class":54},[44,77253,63],{"class":62},[44,77255,72],{"class":58},[44,77257,77258,77260,77262,77265],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77259,128],{"class":127},[44,77261,115],{"class":58},[44,77263,77264],{"class":111},"reversed_copy",[44,77266,121],{"class":58},[44,77268,77269,77271,77273,77275],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,77270,128],{"class":127},[44,77272,115],{"class":58},[44,77274,105],{"class":111},[44,77276,121],{"class":58},[20,77278,2028],{},[35,77280,77282],{"className":37,"code":77281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77283,77284,77300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77287,3856],{"class":58},[44,77289,36791],{"class":62},[44,77291,66],{"class":58},[44,77293,7738],{"class":62},[44,77295,66],{"class":58},[44,77297,5956],{"class":62},[44,77299,72],{"class":58},[44,77301,77302,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77303,3856],{"class":58},[44,77305,2287],{"class":62},[44,77307,66],{"class":58},[44,77309,7738],{"class":62},[44,77311,66],{"class":58},[44,77313,7743],{"class":62},[44,77315,72],{"class":58},[20,77317,77318,77321],{},[15,77319,77320],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77323,77324,77325,77328],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77326,77327],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[420,77330,77332],{"id":77331},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77334,77335],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77337,77339],{"className":37,"code":77338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77340,77341,77361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77342,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77344,51],{"class":50},[44,77346,55],{"class":54},[44,77348,59],{"class":58},[44,77350,2287],{"class":62},[44,77352,66],{"class":58},[44,77354,7738],{"class":62},[44,77356,66],{"class":58},[44,77358,7743],{"class":62},[44,77360,72],{"class":58},[44,77362,77363],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77364,77365],{"class":140},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77367,77368,77369,108],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77370,40655],{},[30,77372,77374],{"id":77373},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77376,77377],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[161,77379,77380,77387,77393,77396,77399],{},[164,77381,37154,77382,398,77384,77386],{},[15,77383,36025],{},[15,77385,75192],{}," positions",[164,77388,77389,77390,77392],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77391,75192],{}," index is included",[164,77394,77395],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[164,77397,77398],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[164,77400,77401],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77403,77404],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77406,77408],{"className":37,"code":77407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77409,77410,77420,77434,77452,77466,77483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77411,77412,77414,77416,77418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77413,128],{"class":127},[44,77415,115],{"class":58},[44,77417,1447],{"class":111},[44,77419,121],{"class":58},[44,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77423,128],{"class":127},[44,77425,115],{"class":58},[44,77427,11112],{"class":127},[44,77429,115],{"class":58},[44,77431,1447],{"class":111},[44,77433,637],{"class":58},[44,77435,77436,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77437,128],{"class":127},[44,77439,115],{"class":58},[44,77441,1447],{"class":111},[44,77443,3856],{"class":58},[44,77445,63],{"class":62},[44,77447,159],{"class":58},[44,77449,2461],{"class":62},[44,77451,466],{"class":58},[44,77453,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77455,128],{"class":127},[44,77457,115],{"class":58},[44,77459,1447],{"class":111},[44,77461,75301],{"class":58},[44,77463,85],{"class":62},[44,77465,466],{"class":58},[44,77467,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,77469,128],{"class":127},[44,77471,115],{"class":58},[44,77473,1447],{"class":111},[44,77475,3856],{"class":58},[44,77477,1980],{"class":54},[44,77479,85],{"class":62},[44,77481,77482],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,77486,128],{"class":127},[44,77488,115],{"class":58},[44,77490,1447],{"class":111},[44,77492,73888],{"class":58},[44,77494,1980],{"class":54},[44,77496,63],{"class":62},[44,77498,466],{"class":58},[20,77500,582,77501,77503,77504,77508],{},[15,77502,42312],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[394,77505,77507],{"href":77506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77510,1757],{"id":1756},[420,77512,77514],{"id":77513},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77516,77517],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[420,77519,77521],{"id":77520},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77523,77524],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[420,77526,5096,77528,39911],{"id":77527},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77529,75827],{},[20,77531,77532],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[420,77534,77536,77537,1778],{"id":77535},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77538,70497],{},[20,77540,77541],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77543,1821],{"id":1820},[161,77545,77546,77551,77556,77560,77564,77568],{},[164,77547,77548],{},[394,77549,77550],{"href":396},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[164,77552,77553],{},[394,77554,77555],{"href":401},"How to create a list in Python",[164,77557,77558],{},[394,77559,14913],{"href":57143},[164,77561,77562],{},[394,77563,74573],{"href":74572},[164,77565,77566],{},[394,77567,77507],{"href":77506},[164,77569,77570],{},[394,77571,69025],{"href":69024},[20,77573,77574,77575,77577],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77576,42312],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1872,77579,77580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":77582},[77583,77584,77585,77586,77587,77588,77591,77595,77603,77604,77612],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":75356,"depth":75,"text":75357},{"id":75519,"depth":75,"text":75520},{"id":75781,"depth":75,"text":75782},{"id":76075,"depth":75,"text":76076},{"id":76321,"depth":75,"text":76322,"children":77589},[77590],{"id":76579,"depth":95,"text":76580},{"id":76633,"depth":75,"text":76634,"children":77592},[77593,77594],{"id":76640,"depth":95,"text":76641},{"id":76701,"depth":95,"text":76702},{"id":76908,"depth":75,"text":15125,"children":77596},[77597,77598,77599,77600,77602],{"id":76937,"depth":95,"text":76938},{"id":77026,"depth":95,"text":77027},{"id":77088,"depth":95,"text":77089},{"id":77204,"depth":95,"text":77601},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77331,"depth":95,"text":77332},{"id":77373,"depth":75,"text":77374},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":77605},[77606,77607,77608,77610],{"id":77513,"depth":95,"text":77514},{"id":77520,"depth":95,"text":77521},{"id":77527,"depth":95,"text":77609},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77535,"depth":95,"text":77611},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75179,"description":77613},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77620,"title":77621,"body":77622,"description":79691,"extension":1921,"meta":79692,"navigation":98,"path":79693,"seo":79694,"stem":79695,"__hash__":79696},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77623,"toc":79657},[77624,77629,77635,77641,77643,77690,77697,77702,77706,77721,77724,77777,77779,77804,77809,77811,77843,77846,77862,77864,77925,77927,77952,77956,77961,78014,78016,78041,78046,78107,78109,78134,78137,78144,78148,78151,78212,78214,78247,78250,78311,78313,78346,78352,78425,78427,78459,78466,78471,78476,78478,78490,78493,78571,78573,78614,78617,78691,78693,78726,78731,78738,78745,78749,78758,78762,78770,78772,78839,78841,78877,78882,78893,78895,78900,78905,78907,78970,78972,78997,79004,79009,79013,79016,79056,79061,79067,79072,79074,79101,79106,79109,79156,79158,79215,79222,79227,79233,79302,79306,79309,79372,79374,79407,79412,79414,79417,79498,79500,79524,79530,79532,79537,79541,79548,79556,79560,79562,79585,79589,79591,79618,79621,79628,79631,79633,79654],[10,77625,13,77627,18],{"id":77626},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77628,64077],{},[20,77630,77631,77634],{},[15,77632,77633],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77636,77637,77638,77640],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77639,64077],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77642,33],{"id":32},[35,77644,77646],{"className":37,"code":77645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77647,77648,77668,77678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77651,51],{"class":50},[44,77653,55],{"class":54},[44,77655,59],{"class":58},[44,77657,85],{"class":62},[44,77659,66],{"class":58},[44,77661,5450],{"class":62},[44,77663,66],{"class":58},[44,77665,69],{"class":62},[44,77667,72],{"class":58},[44,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77671,105],{"class":50},[44,77673,108],{"class":58},[44,77675,34750],{"class":111},[44,77677,8590],{"class":58},[44,77679,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77681,128],{"class":127},[44,77683,115],{"class":58},[44,77685,105],{"class":111},[44,77687,1476],{"class":58},[44,77689,54864],{"class":140},[20,77691,144,77692,77694,77695,108],{},[15,77693,77633],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77696,178],{},[30,77698,151,77700,154],{"id":77699},"what-listsort-does",[15,77701,77633],{},[20,77703,77704,159],{},[15,77705,77633],{},[161,77707,77708,77711,77714,77718],{},[164,77709,77710],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[164,77712,77713],{},"Changes the original list",[164,77715,175,77716],{},[15,77717,178],{},[164,77719,77720],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77722,77723],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77725,77727],{"className":37,"code":77726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77728,77729,77753,77763,77767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77730,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77732,51],{"class":50},[44,77734,55],{"class":54},[44,77736,59],{"class":58},[44,77738,1410],{"class":62},[44,77740,66],{"class":58},[44,77742,69],{"class":62},[44,77744,66],{"class":58},[44,77746,54073],{"class":62},[44,77748,66],{"class":58},[44,77750,5450],{"class":62},[44,77752,72],{"class":58},[44,77754,77755,77757,77759,77761],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77756,105],{"class":50},[44,77758,108],{"class":58},[44,77760,34750],{"class":111},[44,77762,8590],{"class":58},[44,77764,77765],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77766,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,77768,77769,77771,77773,77775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77770,128],{"class":127},[44,77772,115],{"class":58},[44,77774,105],{"class":111},[44,77776,121],{"class":58},[20,77778,2028],{},[35,77780,77782],{"className":37,"code":77781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77783,77784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77785,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77787,3856],{"class":58},[44,77789,63],{"class":62},[44,77791,66],{"class":58},[44,77793,69],{"class":62},[44,77795,66],{"class":58},[44,77797,4557],{"class":62},[44,77799,66],{"class":58},[44,77801,54073],{"class":62},[44,77803,72],{"class":58},[20,77805,77806,77807,108],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[394,77808,66843],{"href":396},[30,77810,188],{"id":187},[35,77812,77814],{"className":37,"code":77813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77815,77816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77817,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77837,77839,77841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77819,1447],{"class":50},[44,77821,108],{"class":58},[44,77823,34750],{"class":111},[44,77825,115],{"class":58},[44,77827,14789],{"class":9124},[44,77829,55],{"class":54},[44,77831,178],{"class":1582},[44,77833,66],{"class":58},[44,77835,77836],{"class":9124}," reverse",[44,77838,55],{"class":54},[44,77840,3633],{"class":1582},[44,77842,121],{"class":58},[20,77844,77845],{},"Main arguments:",[161,77847,77848,77853,77859],{},[164,77849,77850,77852],{},[15,77851,14789],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[164,77854,77855,77858],{},[15,77856,77857],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[164,77860,77861],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77863,2164],{},[35,77865,77867],{"className":37,"code":77866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77868,77869,77893,77911,77915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77870,77871,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77872,51],{"class":50},[44,77874,55],{"class":54},[44,77876,59],{"class":58},[44,77878,2461],{"class":62},[44,77880,66],{"class":58},[44,77882,5450],{"class":62},[44,77884,66],{"class":58},[44,77886,5945],{"class":62},[44,77888,66],{"class":58},[44,77890,69],{"class":62},[44,77892,72],{"class":58},[44,77894,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77896,105],{"class":50},[44,77898,108],{"class":58},[44,77900,34750],{"class":111},[44,77902,115],{"class":58},[44,77904,73343],{"class":9124},[44,77906,55],{"class":54},[44,77908,3565],{"class":1582},[44,77910,121],{"class":58},[44,77912,77913],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,77914,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,77916,77917,77919,77921,77923],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77918,128],{"class":127},[44,77920,115],{"class":58},[44,77922,105],{"class":111},[44,77924,121],{"class":58},[20,77926,2028],{},[35,77928,77930],{"className":37,"code":77929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77931,77932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77933,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77935,3856],{"class":58},[44,77937,1983],{"class":62},[44,77939,66],{"class":58},[44,77941,90],{"class":62},[44,77943,66],{"class":58},[44,77945,69],{"class":62},[44,77947,66],{"class":58},[44,77949,5450],{"class":62},[44,77951,72],{"class":58},[30,77953,77955],{"id":77954},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77957,144,77958,77960],{},[15,77959,64077],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77962,77964],{"className":37,"code":77963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77965,77966,77990,78000,78004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77967,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77969,51],{"class":50},[44,77971,55],{"class":54},[44,77973,59],{"class":58},[44,77975,2287],{"class":62},[44,77977,66],{"class":58},[44,77979,2408],{"class":62},[44,77981,66],{"class":58},[44,77983,6310],{"class":62},[44,77985,66],{"class":58},[44,77987,5450],{"class":62},[44,77989,72],{"class":58},[44,77991,77992,77994,77996,77998],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,77993,105],{"class":50},[44,77995,108],{"class":58},[44,77997,34750],{"class":111},[44,77999,8590],{"class":58},[44,78001,78002],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78003,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78005,78006,78008,78010,78012],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78007,128],{"class":127},[44,78009,115],{"class":58},[44,78011,105],{"class":111},[44,78013,121],{"class":58},[20,78015,2028],{},[35,78017,78019],{"className":37,"code":78018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78020,78021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78022,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78024,3856],{"class":58},[44,78026,63],{"class":62},[44,78028,66],{"class":58},[44,78030,2408],{"class":62},[44,78032,66],{"class":58},[44,78034,6310],{"class":62},[44,78036,66],{"class":58},[44,78038,5956],{"class":62},[44,78040,72],{"class":58},[20,78042,144,78043,78045],{},[15,78044,77857],{}," for descending order:",[35,78047,78049],{"className":37,"code":78048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78050,78051,78075,78093,78097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78052,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78054,51],{"class":50},[44,78056,55],{"class":54},[44,78058,59],{"class":58},[44,78060,2287],{"class":62},[44,78062,66],{"class":58},[44,78064,2408],{"class":62},[44,78066,66],{"class":58},[44,78068,6310],{"class":62},[44,78070,66],{"class":58},[44,78072,5450],{"class":62},[44,78074,72],{"class":58},[44,78076,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78078,105],{"class":50},[44,78080,108],{"class":58},[44,78082,34750],{"class":111},[44,78084,115],{"class":58},[44,78086,73343],{"class":9124},[44,78088,55],{"class":54},[44,78090,3565],{"class":1582},[44,78092,121],{"class":58},[44,78094,78095],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78096,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78098,78099,78101,78103,78105],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78100,128],{"class":127},[44,78102,115],{"class":58},[44,78104,105],{"class":111},[44,78106,121],{"class":58},[20,78108,2028],{},[35,78110,78112],{"className":37,"code":78111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78113,78114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78115,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78117,3856],{"class":58},[44,78119,2287],{"class":62},[44,78121,66],{"class":58},[44,78123,6310],{"class":62},[44,78125,66],{"class":58},[44,78127,2408],{"class":62},[44,78129,66],{"class":58},[44,78131,5450],{"class":62},[44,78133,72],{"class":58},[20,78135,78136],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78138,78139,78140,108],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[394,78141,78143],{"href":78142},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78145,78147],{"id":78146},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78149,78150],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78152,78154],{"className":37,"code":78153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78155,78156,78188,78198,78202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78159,1253],{"class":50},[44,78161,55],{"class":54},[44,78163,59],{"class":58},[44,78165,273],{"class":272},[44,78167,287],{"class":276},[44,78169,273],{"class":272},[44,78171,66],{"class":58},[44,78173,284],{"class":272},[44,78175,277],{"class":276},[44,78177,273],{"class":272},[44,78179,66],{"class":58},[44,78181,284],{"class":272},[44,78183,4051],{"class":276},[44,78185,273],{"class":272},[44,78187,72],{"class":58},[44,78189,78190,78192,78194,78196],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78191,1271],{"class":50},[44,78193,108],{"class":58},[44,78195,34750],{"class":111},[44,78197,8590],{"class":58},[44,78199,78200],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78201,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78203,78204,78206,78208,78210],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78205,128],{"class":127},[44,78207,115],{"class":58},[44,78209,1271],{"class":111},[44,78211,121],{"class":58},[20,78213,2028],{},[35,78215,78217],{"className":37,"code":78216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78218,78219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78222,3856],{"class":58},[44,78224,3259],{"class":272},[44,78226,277],{"class":276},[44,78228,3259],{"class":272},[44,78230,66],{"class":58},[44,78232,3254],{"class":272},[44,78234,287],{"class":276},[44,78236,3259],{"class":272},[44,78238,66],{"class":58},[44,78240,3254],{"class":272},[44,78242,4051],{"class":276},[44,78244,3259],{"class":272},[44,78246,72],{"class":58},[20,78248,78249],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78251,78253],{"className":37,"code":78252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78254,78255,78287,78297,78301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78256,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78258,1253],{"class":50},[44,78260,55],{"class":54},[44,78262,59],{"class":58},[44,78264,273],{"class":272},[44,78266,287],{"class":276},[44,78268,273],{"class":272},[44,78270,66],{"class":58},[44,78272,284],{"class":272},[44,78274,57691],{"class":276},[44,78276,273],{"class":272},[44,78278,66],{"class":58},[44,78280,284],{"class":272},[44,78282,4051],{"class":276},[44,78284,273],{"class":272},[44,78286,72],{"class":58},[44,78288,78289,78291,78293,78295],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78290,1271],{"class":50},[44,78292,108],{"class":58},[44,78294,34750],{"class":111},[44,78296,8590],{"class":58},[44,78298,78299],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78300,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78302,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78304,128],{"class":127},[44,78306,115],{"class":58},[44,78308,1271],{"class":111},[44,78310,121],{"class":58},[20,78312,2028],{},[35,78314,78316],{"className":37,"code":78315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78317,78318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78319,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78321,3856],{"class":58},[44,78323,3259],{"class":272},[44,78325,57691],{"class":276},[44,78327,3259],{"class":272},[44,78329,66],{"class":58},[44,78331,3254],{"class":272},[44,78333,287],{"class":276},[44,78335,3259],{"class":272},[44,78337,66],{"class":58},[44,78339,3254],{"class":272},[44,78341,4051],{"class":276},[44,78343,3259],{"class":272},[44,78345,72],{"class":58},[20,78347,78348,78349,159],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78350,78351],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78353,78355],{"className":37,"code":78354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78356,78357,78389,78411,78415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78358,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78360,1253],{"class":50},[44,78362,55],{"class":54},[44,78364,59],{"class":58},[44,78366,273],{"class":272},[44,78368,287],{"class":276},[44,78370,273],{"class":272},[44,78372,66],{"class":58},[44,78374,284],{"class":272},[44,78376,57691],{"class":276},[44,78378,273],{"class":272},[44,78380,66],{"class":58},[44,78382,284],{"class":272},[44,78384,4051],{"class":276},[44,78386,273],{"class":272},[44,78388,72],{"class":58},[44,78390,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78392,1271],{"class":50},[44,78394,108],{"class":58},[44,78396,34750],{"class":111},[44,78398,115],{"class":58},[44,78400,14789],{"class":9124},[44,78402,55],{"class":54},[44,78404,3403],{"class":1458},[44,78406,108],{"class":58},[44,78408,8587],{"class":1492},[44,78410,121],{"class":58},[44,78412,78413],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78414,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78416,78417,78419,78421,78423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78418,128],{"class":127},[44,78420,115],{"class":58},[44,78422,1271],{"class":111},[44,78424,121],{"class":58},[20,78426,2028],{},[35,78428,78429],{"className":37,"code":78315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78430,78431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78432,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78434,3856],{"class":58},[44,78436,3259],{"class":272},[44,78438,57691],{"class":276},[44,78440,3259],{"class":272},[44,78442,66],{"class":58},[44,78444,3254],{"class":272},[44,78446,287],{"class":276},[44,78448,3259],{"class":272},[44,78450,66],{"class":58},[44,78452,3254],{"class":272},[44,78454,4051],{"class":276},[44,78456,3259],{"class":272},[44,78458,72],{"class":58},[20,78460,78461,78462,78465],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78463,78464],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78467,36562,78469,36565],{"id":78468},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78470,14789],{},[20,78472,1938,78473,78475],{},[15,78474,14789],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78477,7290],{},[161,78479,78480,78485],{},[164,78481,78482,78484],{},[15,78483,11112],{}," to sort by length",[164,78486,78487,78489],{},[15,78488,78464],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78491,78492],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78494,78496],{"className":37,"code":78495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78497,78498,78539,78557,78561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78499,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78501,1253],{"class":50},[44,78503,55],{"class":54},[44,78505,59],{"class":58},[44,78507,273],{"class":272},[44,78509,78510],{"class":276},"pear",[44,78512,273],{"class":272},[44,78514,66],{"class":58},[44,78516,284],{"class":272},[44,78518,287],{"class":276},[44,78520,273],{"class":272},[44,78522,66],{"class":58},[44,78524,284],{"class":272},[44,78526,38309],{"class":276},[44,78528,273],{"class":272},[44,78530,66],{"class":58},[44,78532,284],{"class":272},[44,78534,277],{"class":276},[44,78536,273],{"class":272},[44,78538,72],{"class":58},[44,78540,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553,78555],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78542,1271],{"class":50},[44,78544,108],{"class":58},[44,78546,34750],{"class":111},[44,78548,115],{"class":58},[44,78550,14789],{"class":9124},[44,78552,55],{"class":54},[44,78554,11112],{"class":127},[44,78556,121],{"class":58},[44,78558,78559],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78560,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78562,78563,78565,78567,78569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78564,128],{"class":127},[44,78566,115],{"class":58},[44,78568,1271],{"class":111},[44,78570,121],{"class":58},[20,78572,2028],{},[35,78574,78576],{"className":37,"code":78575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78577,78578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78579,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78581,3856],{"class":58},[44,78583,3259],{"class":272},[44,78585,38309],{"class":276},[44,78587,3259],{"class":272},[44,78589,66],{"class":58},[44,78591,3254],{"class":272},[44,78593,78510],{"class":276},[44,78595,3259],{"class":272},[44,78597,66],{"class":58},[44,78599,3254],{"class":272},[44,78601,277],{"class":276},[44,78603,3259],{"class":272},[44,78605,66],{"class":58},[44,78607,3254],{"class":272},[44,78609,287],{"class":276},[44,78611,3259],{"class":272},[44,78613,72],{"class":58},[20,78615,78616],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78618,78620],{"className":37,"code":78619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78621,78622,78655,78677,78681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78623,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78651,78653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78625,1253],{"class":50},[44,78627,55],{"class":54},[44,78629,59],{"class":58},[44,78631,273],{"class":272},[44,78633,4966],{"class":276},[44,78635,273],{"class":272},[44,78637,66],{"class":58},[44,78639,284],{"class":272},[44,78641,17753],{"class":276},[44,78643,273],{"class":272},[44,78645,66],{"class":58},[44,78647,284],{"class":272},[44,78649,78650],{"class":276},"Carol",[44,78652,273],{"class":272},[44,78654,72],{"class":58},[44,78656,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78658,1271],{"class":50},[44,78660,108],{"class":58},[44,78662,34750],{"class":111},[44,78664,115],{"class":58},[44,78666,14789],{"class":9124},[44,78668,55],{"class":54},[44,78670,3403],{"class":1458},[44,78672,108],{"class":58},[44,78674,8587],{"class":1492},[44,78676,121],{"class":58},[44,78678,78679],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78680,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78682,78683,78685,78687,78689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78684,128],{"class":127},[44,78686,115],{"class":58},[44,78688,1271],{"class":111},[44,78690,121],{"class":58},[20,78692,2028],{},[35,78694,78696],{"className":37,"code":78695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78697,78698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78699,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78701,3856],{"class":58},[44,78703,3259],{"class":272},[44,78705,17753],{"class":276},[44,78707,3259],{"class":272},[44,78709,66],{"class":58},[44,78711,3254],{"class":272},[44,78713,4966],{"class":276},[44,78715,3259],{"class":272},[44,78717,66],{"class":58},[44,78719,3254],{"class":272},[44,78721,78650],{"class":276},[44,78723,3259],{"class":272},[44,78725,72],{"class":58},[20,78727,1938,78728,78730],{},[15,78729,14789],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78732,78734,408,78736],{"id":78733},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78735,77633],{},[15,78737,74190],{},[20,78739,78740,398,78742,78744],{},[15,78741,77633],{},[15,78743,74190],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78746,78747,159],{},[15,78748,77633],{},[161,78750,78751,78754],{},[164,78752,78753],{},"Changes the existing list",[164,78755,175,78756],{},[15,78757,178],{},[20,78759,78760,159],{},[15,78761,74190],{},[161,78763,78764,78767],{},[164,78765,78766],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[164,78768,78769],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78771,2164],{},[35,78773,78775],{"className":37,"code":78774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78776,78777,78797,78801,78815,78819,78829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78778,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78780,51],{"class":50},[44,78782,55],{"class":54},[44,78784,59],{"class":58},[44,78786,85],{"class":62},[44,78788,66],{"class":58},[44,78790,5450],{"class":62},[44,78792,66],{"class":58},[44,78794,69],{"class":62},[44,78796,72],{"class":58},[44,78798,78799],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78800,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78802,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78804,55817],{"class":50},[44,78806,55],{"class":54},[44,78808,74324],{"class":127},[44,78810,115],{"class":58},[44,78812,105],{"class":111},[44,78814,121],{"class":58},[44,78816,78817],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78818,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78820,78821,78823,78825,78827],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,78822,128],{"class":127},[44,78824,115],{"class":58},[44,78826,105],{"class":111},[44,78828,121],{"class":58},[44,78830,78831,78833,78835,78837],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,78832,128],{"class":127},[44,78834,115],{"class":58},[44,78836,74047],{"class":111},[44,78838,121],{"class":58},[20,78840,2028],{},[35,78842,78843],{"className":37,"code":74359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78844,78845,78861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78846,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78848,3856],{"class":58},[44,78850,85],{"class":62},[44,78852,66],{"class":58},[44,78854,5450],{"class":62},[44,78856,66],{"class":58},[44,78858,69],{"class":62},[44,78860,72],{"class":58},[44,78862,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78864,3856],{"class":58},[44,78866,63],{"class":62},[44,78868,66],{"class":58},[44,78870,69],{"class":62},[44,78872,66],{"class":58},[44,78874,2408],{"class":62},[44,78876,72],{"class":58},[20,78878,144,78879,78881],{},[15,78880,74190],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78883,78884,78885,398,78889,108],{},"You can learn more in ",[394,78886,3536,78887,5734],{"href":74287},[15,78888,74190],{},[394,78890,78892],{"href":78891},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,78894,2788],{"id":2787},[20,78896,78897,78898,108],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78899,77633],{},[420,78901,12545,78903],{"id":78902},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78904,64077],{},[20,78906,25641],{},[35,78908,78910],{"className":37,"code":78909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78911,78912,78932,78946,78950,78960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78915,51],{"class":50},[44,78917,55],{"class":54},[44,78919,59],{"class":58},[44,78921,85],{"class":62},[44,78923,66],{"class":58},[44,78925,5450],{"class":62},[44,78927,66],{"class":58},[44,78929,69],{"class":62},[44,78931,72],{"class":58},[44,78933,78934,78936,78938,78940,78942,78944],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78935,911],{"class":50},[44,78937,55],{"class":54},[44,78939,916],{"class":50},[44,78941,108],{"class":58},[44,78943,34750],{"class":111},[44,78945,8590],{"class":58},[44,78947,78948],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,78949,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,78951,78952,78954,78956,78958],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78953,128],{"class":127},[44,78955,115],{"class":58},[44,78957,943],{"class":111},[44,78959,121],{"class":58},[44,78961,78962,78964,78966,78968],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,78963,128],{"class":127},[44,78965,115],{"class":58},[44,78967,105],{"class":111},[44,78969,121],{"class":58},[20,78971,2028],{},[35,78973,78975],{"className":37,"code":78974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78976,78977,78981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78978,78979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78980,11758],{"class":1582},[44,78982,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,78984,3856],{"class":58},[44,78986,63],{"class":62},[44,78988,66],{"class":58},[44,78990,69],{"class":62},[44,78992,66],{"class":58},[44,78994,2408],{"class":62},[44,78996,72],{"class":58},[20,78998,78999,79001,79002,108],{},[15,79000,64077],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79003,178],{},[20,79005,79006,79007,1239],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79008,74190],{},[420,79010,79012],{"id":79011},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79014,79015],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,79017,79019],{"className":37,"code":79018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79020,79021,79046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79022,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79024,818],{"class":50},[44,79026,55],{"class":54},[44,79028,59],{"class":58},[44,79030,63],{"class":62},[44,79032,66],{"class":58},[44,79034,284],{"class":272},[44,79036,79037],{"class":276},"two",[44,79039,273],{"class":272},[44,79041,66],{"class":58},[44,79043,2408],{"class":62},[44,79045,72],{"class":58},[44,79047,79048,79050,79052,79054],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79049,835],{"class":50},[44,79051,108],{"class":58},[44,79053,34750],{"class":111},[44,79055,8590],{"class":58},[20,79057,2960,79058,79060],{},[15,79059,1424],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[420,79062,4657,79064,79066],{"id":79063},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79065,64077],{}," only works on lists",[20,79068,79069,79071],{},[15,79070,64077],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79073,16593],{},[35,79075,79077],{"className":37,"code":79076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79078,79079,79091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79080,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79082,34638],{"class":50},[44,79084,55],{"class":54},[44,79086,284],{"class":272},[44,79088,39],{"class":276},[44,79090,3318],{"class":272},[44,79092,79093,79095,79097,79099],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79094,34659],{"class":50},[44,79096,108],{"class":58},[44,79098,34750],{"class":111},[44,79100,8590],{"class":58},[20,79102,79103,79104,33550],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79105,64077],{},[20,79107,79108],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79110,79112],{"className":37,"code":79111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79113,79114,79132,79142,79146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79115,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79117,672],{"class":50},[44,79119,55],{"class":54},[44,79121,22510],{"class":1458},[44,79123,115],{"class":58},[44,79125,273],{"class":272},[44,79127,39],{"class":276},[44,79129,273],{"class":272},[44,79131,121],{"class":58},[44,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79135,689],{"class":50},[44,79137,108],{"class":58},[44,79139,34750],{"class":111},[44,79141,8590],{"class":58},[44,79143,79144],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,79145,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,79147,79148,79150,79152,79154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79149,128],{"class":127},[44,79151,115],{"class":58},[44,79153,689],{"class":111},[44,79155,121],{"class":58},[20,79157,2028],{},[35,79159,79161],{"className":37,"code":79160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79162,79163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79164,79165,79167,79169,79171,79173,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79166,3856],{"class":58},[44,79168,3259],{"class":272},[44,79170,60361],{"class":276},[44,79172,3259],{"class":272},[44,79174,66],{"class":58},[44,79176,3254],{"class":272},[44,79178,75796],{"class":276},[44,79180,3259],{"class":272},[44,79182,66],{"class":58},[44,79184,3254],{"class":272},[44,79186,60396],{"class":276},[44,79188,3259],{"class":272},[44,79190,66],{"class":58},[44,79192,3254],{"class":272},[44,79194,20],{"class":276},[44,79196,3259],{"class":272},[44,79198,66],{"class":58},[44,79200,3254],{"class":272},[44,79202,63052],{"class":276},[44,79204,3259],{"class":272},[44,79206,66],{"class":58},[44,79208,3254],{"class":272},[44,79210,11695],{"class":276},[44,79212,3259],{"class":272},[44,79214,72],{"class":58},[420,79216,79218,79219,79221],{"id":79217},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79220,14789],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79223,79224,79225,108],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79226,14789],{},[20,79228,79229,79230,79232],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79231,64077],{}," will not do that:",[35,79234,79236],{"className":37,"code":79235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79237,79238,79270,79288,79292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79239,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79241,1253],{"class":50},[44,79243,55],{"class":54},[44,79245,59],{"class":58},[44,79247,273],{"class":272},[44,79249,287],{"class":276},[44,79251,273],{"class":272},[44,79253,66],{"class":58},[44,79255,284],{"class":272},[44,79257,38309],{"class":276},[44,79259,273],{"class":272},[44,79261,66],{"class":58},[44,79263,284],{"class":272},[44,79265,277],{"class":276},[44,79267,273],{"class":272},[44,79269,72],{"class":58},[44,79271,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282,79284,79286],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79273,1271],{"class":50},[44,79275,108],{"class":58},[44,79277,34750],{"class":111},[44,79279,115],{"class":58},[44,79281,14789],{"class":9124},[44,79283,55],{"class":54},[44,79285,11112],{"class":127},[44,79287,121],{"class":58},[44,79289,79290],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,79291,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,79293,79294,79296,79298,79300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79295,128],{"class":127},[44,79297,115],{"class":58},[44,79299,1271],{"class":111},[44,79301,121],{"class":58},[420,79303,79305],{"id":79304},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79307,79308],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79310,79312],{"className":37,"code":79311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79313,79314,79348,79358,79362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79315,79316,79318,79320,79322,79324,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341,79344,79346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79317,1253],{"class":50},[44,79319,55],{"class":54},[44,79321,59],{"class":58},[44,79323,273],{"class":272},[44,79325,79326],{"class":276},"zebra",[44,79328,273],{"class":272},[44,79330,66],{"class":58},[44,79332,284],{"class":272},[44,79334,57691],{"class":276},[44,79336,273],{"class":272},[44,79338,66],{"class":58},[44,79340,284],{"class":272},[44,79342,79343],{"class":276},"monkey",[44,79345,273],{"class":272},[44,79347,72],{"class":58},[44,79349,79350,79352,79354,79356],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79351,1271],{"class":50},[44,79353,108],{"class":58},[44,79355,34750],{"class":111},[44,79357,8590],{"class":58},[44,79359,79360],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,79361,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,79363,79364,79366,79368,79370],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79365,128],{"class":127},[44,79367,115],{"class":58},[44,79369,1271],{"class":111},[44,79371,121],{"class":58},[20,79373,2028],{},[35,79375,79377],{"className":37,"code":79376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79378,79379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79380,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79382,3856],{"class":58},[44,79384,3259],{"class":272},[44,79386,57691],{"class":276},[44,79388,3259],{"class":272},[44,79390,66],{"class":58},[44,79392,3254],{"class":272},[44,79394,79343],{"class":276},[44,79396,3259],{"class":272},[44,79398,66],{"class":58},[44,79400,3254],{"class":272},[44,79402,79326],{"class":276},[44,79404,3259],{"class":272},[44,79406,72],{"class":58},[20,79408,144,79409,79411],{},[15,79410,78351],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[420,79413,60632],{"id":60631},[20,79415,79416],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79418,79420],{"className":37,"code":79419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79421,79422,79432,79446,79460,79474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79425,128],{"class":127},[44,79427,115],{"class":58},[44,79429,1447],{"class":111},[44,79431,121],{"class":58},[44,79433,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79435,128],{"class":127},[44,79437,115],{"class":58},[44,79439,1459],{"class":1458},[44,79441,115],{"class":58},[44,79443,1447],{"class":111},[44,79445,637],{"class":58},[44,79447,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,79449,128],{"class":127},[44,79451,115],{"class":58},[44,79453,1447],{"class":111},[44,79455,108],{"class":58},[44,79457,34750],{"class":111},[44,79459,7141],{"class":58},[44,79461,79462,79464,79466,79468,79470,79472],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79463,128],{"class":127},[44,79465,115],{"class":58},[44,79467,74280],{"class":127},[44,79469,115],{"class":58},[44,79471,1447],{"class":111},[44,79473,637],{"class":58},[44,79475,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,79477,128],{"class":127},[44,79479,457],{"class":58},[44,79481,1459],{"class":1458},[44,79483,115],{"class":58},[44,79485,23261],{"class":111},[44,79487,1476],{"class":58},[44,79489,3833],{"class":3832},[44,79491,5912],{"class":111},[44,79493,3839],{"class":3832},[44,79495,8342],{"class":111},[44,79497,466],{"class":58},[20,79499,11121],{},[161,79501,79502,79505,79508,79515,79521],{},[164,79503,79504],{},"What values are in the list",[164,79506,79507],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[164,79509,79510,79511,877,79513],{},"That ",[15,79512,64077],{},[15,79514,178],{},[164,79516,79517,79518,79520],{},"Whether ",[15,79519,74190],{}," works better for your case",[164,79522,79523],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79525,79526,79527,79529],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79528,1424],{}," problems.",[30,79531,1757],{"id":1756},[420,79533,1761,79535,1764],{"id":79534},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79536,77633],{},[20,79538,1767,79539,108],{},[15,79540,178],{},[420,79542,1773,79544,398,79546,1778],{"id":79543},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79545,64077],{},[15,79547,74190],{},[20,79549,79550,79552,79553,79555],{},[15,79551,64077],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79554,74190],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[420,79557,79559],{"id":79558},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79561,552],{},[35,79563,79565],{"className":37,"code":79564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79566,79567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79568,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79570,1447],{"class":50},[44,79572,108],{"class":58},[44,79574,34750],{"class":111},[44,79576,115],{"class":58},[44,79578,73343],{"class":9124},[44,79580,55],{"class":54},[44,79582,3565],{"class":1582},[44,79584,121],{"class":58},[420,79586,79588],{"id":79587},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79590,552],{},[35,79592,79594],{"className":37,"code":79593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79595,79596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79597,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79599,1447],{"class":50},[44,79601,108],{"class":58},[44,79603,34750],{"class":111},[44,79605,115],{"class":58},[44,79607,14789],{"class":9124},[44,79609,55],{"class":54},[44,79611,3403],{"class":1458},[44,79613,108],{"class":58},[44,79615,8587],{"class":1492},[44,79617,121],{"class":58},[20,79619,79620],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[420,79622,79624,79625,79627],{"id":79623},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79626,1424],{}," when sorting?",[20,79629,79630],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79632,1821],{"id":1820},[161,79634,79635,79640,79646,79650],{},[164,79636,79637],{},[394,79638,79639],{"href":78142},"How to sort a list in Python",[164,79641,79642],{},[394,79643,3536,79644,5734],{"href":74287},[15,79645,74190],{},[164,79647,79648],{},[394,79649,66843],{"href":396},[164,79651,79652],{},[394,79653,78892],{"href":78891},[1872,79655,79656],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":79658},[79659,79660,79662,79663,79664,79665,79667,79669,79680,79690],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":77699,"depth":75,"text":79661},"What list.sort() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":77954,"depth":75,"text":77955},{"id":78146,"depth":75,"text":78147},{"id":78468,"depth":75,"text":79666},"Using the key argument",{"id":78733,"depth":75,"text":79668},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":79670},[79671,79673,79674,79676,79678,79679],{"id":78902,"depth":95,"text":79672},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79011,"depth":95,"text":79012},{"id":79063,"depth":95,"text":79675},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79217,"depth":95,"text":79677},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79304,"depth":95,"text":79305},{"id":60631,"depth":95,"text":60632},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":79681},[79682,79684,79686,79687,79688],{"id":79534,"depth":95,"text":79683},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79543,"depth":95,"text":79685},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79558,"depth":95,"text":79559},{"id":79587,"depth":95,"text":79588},{"id":79623,"depth":95,"text":79689},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77621,"description":79691},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79698,"title":79699,"body":79700,"description":82331,"extension":1921,"meta":82332,"navigation":98,"path":82333,"seo":82334,"stem":82335,"__hash__":82336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79701,"toc":82290},[79702,79707,79712,79715,79726,79729,79749,79751,79813,79815,79856,79865,79870,79875,79881,79892,79894,79913,79916,79921,79926,79928,79933,79947,79949,79967,79970,79987,79990,79996,80019,80024,80026,80029,80090,80092,80125,80127,80166,80174,80184,80190,80195,80288,80290,80314,80316,80334,80337,80368,80374,80379,80382,80384,80509,80511,80535,80537,80556,80562,80568,80687,80689,80706,80713,80719,80724,80731,80737,80739,80796,80799,80820,80823,80826,80887,80889,80922,80926,80996,80998,81015,81019,81022,81097,81099,81136,81139,81142,81213,81215,81276,81281,81286,81289,81303,81305,81378,81380,81400,81403,81406,81463,81525,81528,81560,81563,81578,81583,81585,81591,81594,81650,81653,81655,81674,81678,81680,81724,81733,81735,81795,81799,81802,81804,81897,81899,82014,82018,82020,82094,82097,82100,82102,82107,82172,82174,82198,82208,82210,82216,82225,82234,82243,82249,82252,82256,82259,82261,82287],[10,79703,3536,79705,3540],{"id":79704},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79706,39667],{},[20,79708,3543,79709,79711],{},[15,79710,39667],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79713,79714],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[161,79716,79717,79720,79723],{},[164,79718,79719],{},"converting numbers to strings",[164,79721,79722],{},"changing strings to integers",[164,79724,79725],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79727,79728],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[161,79730,79731,79738,79744],{},[164,79732,79733,14002,79735,79737],{},[15,79734,39667],{},[214,79736,4583],{}," return a list in Python 3",[164,79739,79740,79741],{},"it returns a ",[214,79742,79743],{},"map object",[164,79745,79746,79747],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79748,24731],{},[30,79750,33],{"id":32},[35,79752,79754],{"className":37,"code":79753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79755,79756,79780,79799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79757,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79759,51],{"class":50},[44,79761,55],{"class":54},[44,79763,59],{"class":58},[44,79765,63],{"class":62},[44,79767,66],{"class":58},[44,79769,69],{"class":62},[44,79771,66],{"class":58},[44,79773,2408],{"class":62},[44,79775,66],{"class":58},[44,79777,90],{"class":62},[44,79779,72],{"class":58},[44,79781,79782,79784,79786,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,79783,911],{"class":50},[44,79785,55],{"class":54},[44,79787,79788],{"class":127}," map",[44,79790,115],{"class":58},[44,79792,3403],{"class":1458},[44,79794,66],{"class":58},[44,79796,916],{"class":111},[44,79798,121],{"class":58},[44,79800,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,79802,128],{"class":127},[44,79804,115],{"class":58},[44,79806,226],{"class":1458},[44,79808,115],{"class":58},[44,79810,943],{"class":111},[44,79812,637],{"class":58},[20,79814,2028],{},[35,79816,79818],{"className":37,"code":79817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79819,79820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79821,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79823,3856],{"class":58},[44,79825,3259],{"class":272},[44,79827,63],{"class":276},[44,79829,3259],{"class":272},[44,79831,66],{"class":58},[44,79833,3254],{"class":272},[44,79835,801],{"class":276},[44,79837,3259],{"class":272},[44,79839,66],{"class":58},[44,79841,3254],{"class":272},[44,79843,85],{"class":276},[44,79845,3259],{"class":272},[44,79847,66],{"class":58},[44,79849,3254],{"class":272},[44,79851,2461],{"class":276},[44,79853,3259],{"class":272},[44,79855,72],{"class":58},[20,79857,144,79858,79861,79862,79864],{},[15,79859,79860],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79863,24731],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,79866,151,79868,154],{"id":79867},"what-map-does",[15,79869,39667],{},[20,79871,79872,79874],{},[15,79873,39667],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79876,79877,79878,79880],{},"An ",[214,79879,207],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[161,79882,79883,79885,79887,79889],{},[164,79884,37852],{},[164,79886,37855],{},[164,79888,37858],{},[164,79890,79891],{},"a range object",[20,79893,30676],{},[35,79895,79897],{"className":37,"code":79896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79898,79899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79900,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79902,39810],{"class":127},[44,79904,115],{"class":58},[44,79906,37811],{"class":111},[44,79908,66],{"class":58},[44,79910,37816],{"class":111},[44,79912,121],{"class":58},[20,79914,79915],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79917,79918,79919,33691],{},"Important: the result is a ",[214,79920,79743],{},[20,79922,79923,79924,108],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[394,79925,5090],{"href":5089},[30,79927,188],{"id":187},[20,79929,79930,79932],{},[15,79931,39667],{}," needs at least two parts:",[161,79934,79935,79941],{},[164,79936,79937,79940],{},[214,79938,79939],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[164,79942,79943,79946],{},[214,79944,79945],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79948,3664],{},[35,79950,79951],{"className":37,"code":79896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79952,79953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79954,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79956,39810],{"class":127},[44,79958,115],{"class":58},[44,79960,37811],{"class":111},[44,79962,66],{"class":58},[44,79964,37816],{"class":111},[44,79966,121],{"class":58},[20,79968,79969],{},"You can pass:",[161,79971,79972,79981,79984],{},[164,79973,79974,79975,798,79977,2149,79979],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79976,3403],{},[15,79978,2145],{},[15,79980,1975],{},[164,79982,79983],{},"your own custom function",[164,79985,79986],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79988,79989],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79991,79992,79993,79995],{},"You will often see ",[15,79994,39667],{}," used like this:",[35,79997,79999],{"className":37,"code":79998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80000,80001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80002,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80004,226],{"class":1458},[44,80006,115],{"class":58},[44,80008,39810],{"class":127},[44,80010,115],{"class":58},[44,80012,37811],{"class":111},[44,80014,66],{"class":58},[44,80016,3842],{"class":111},[44,80018,637],{"class":58},[20,80020,6623,80021,80023],{},[15,80022,24731],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,80025,11425],{"id":11424},[20,80027,80028],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,80030,80032],{"className":37,"code":80031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80033,80034,80054,80072,80076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80035,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80037,51],{"class":50},[44,80039,55],{"class":54},[44,80041,59],{"class":58},[44,80043,2287],{"class":62},[44,80045,66],{"class":58},[44,80047,7738],{"class":62},[44,80049,66],{"class":58},[44,80051,7743],{"class":62},[44,80053,72],{"class":58},[44,80055,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80057,911],{"class":50},[44,80059,55],{"class":54},[44,80061,79788],{"class":127},[44,80063,115],{"class":58},[44,80065,3403],{"class":1458},[44,80067,66],{"class":58},[44,80069,916],{"class":111},[44,80071,121],{"class":58},[44,80073,80074],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80075,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80077,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80079,128],{"class":127},[44,80081,115],{"class":58},[44,80083,226],{"class":1458},[44,80085,115],{"class":58},[44,80087,943],{"class":111},[44,80089,637],{"class":58},[20,80091,2028],{},[35,80093,80095],{"className":37,"code":80094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80096,80097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80098,80099,80101,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80100,3856],{"class":58},[44,80102,3259],{"class":272},[44,80104,2287],{"class":276},[44,80106,3259],{"class":272},[44,80108,66],{"class":58},[44,80110,3254],{"class":272},[44,80112,15703],{"class":276},[44,80114,3259],{"class":272},[44,80116,66],{"class":58},[44,80118,3254],{"class":272},[44,80120,36791],{"class":276},[44,80122,3259],{"class":272},[44,80124,72],{"class":58},[20,80126,361],{},[161,80128,80129,80134,80142,80150,80158],{},[164,80130,80131,80133],{},[15,80132,105],{}," contains integers",[164,80135,80136,80139,80140],{},[15,80137,80138],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80141,47635],{},[164,80143,80144,42106,80147],{},[15,80145,80146],{},"str(10)",[15,80148,80149],{},"'10'",[164,80151,80152,42106,80155],{},[15,80153,80154],{},"str(20)",[15,80156,80157],{},"'20'",[164,80159,80160,42106,80163],{},[15,80161,80162],{},"str(30)",[15,80164,80165],{},"'30'",[20,80167,53594,80168,80170,80171,80173],{},[15,80169,39667],{}," applies ",[15,80172,47635],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80175,80176,80177,80179,80180,108],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80178,24731],{}," better, see ",[394,80181,3536,80182,3469],{"href":64613},[15,80183,24731],{},[30,80185,582,80187,80189],{"id":80186},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80188,39667],{}," with your own function",[20,80191,15663,80192,80194],{},[15,80193,39667],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80196,80198],{"className":37,"code":80197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80199,80200,80213,80223,80227,80251,80270,80274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80201,80202,80204,80207,80209,80211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80203,34802],{"class":2022},[44,80205,80206],{"class":34805}," double",[44,80208,115],{"class":58},[44,80210,2130],{"class":37613},[44,80212,8288],{"class":58},[44,80214,80215,80217,80219,80221],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80216,34813],{"class":3832},[44,80218,3836],{"class":50},[44,80220,39823],{"class":54},[44,80222,45540],{"class":62},[44,80224,80225],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80226,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80228,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80230,51],{"class":50},[44,80232,55],{"class":54},[44,80234,59],{"class":58},[44,80236,63],{"class":62},[44,80238,66],{"class":58},[44,80240,69],{"class":62},[44,80242,66],{"class":58},[44,80244,2408],{"class":62},[44,80246,66],{"class":58},[44,80248,90],{"class":62},[44,80250,72],{"class":58},[44,80252,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80264,80266,80268],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,80254,911],{"class":50},[44,80256,55],{"class":54},[44,80258,79788],{"class":127},[44,80260,115],{"class":58},[44,80262,80263],{"class":111},"double",[44,80265,66],{"class":58},[44,80267,916],{"class":111},[44,80269,121],{"class":58},[44,80271,80272],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,80273,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80275,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,80277,128],{"class":127},[44,80279,115],{"class":58},[44,80281,226],{"class":1458},[44,80283,115],{"class":58},[44,80285,943],{"class":111},[44,80287,637],{"class":58},[20,80289,2028],{},[35,80291,80292],{"className":37,"code":39836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80293,80294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80295,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310,80312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80297,3856],{"class":58},[44,80299,801],{"class":62},[44,80301,66],{"class":58},[44,80303,90],{"class":62},[44,80305,66],{"class":58},[44,80307,37594],{"class":62},[44,80309,66],{"class":58},[44,80311,6310],{"class":62},[44,80313,72],{"class":58},[20,80315,65350],{},[161,80317,80318,80325,80331],{},[164,80319,80320,80322,80323],{},[15,80321,39667],{}," takes the function ",[15,80324,80263],{},[164,80326,80327,80328,80330],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80329,105],{}," into that function",[164,80332,80333],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80335,80336],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[161,80338,80339,80346,80353,80361],{},[164,80340,80341,6024,80344],{},[15,80342,80343],{},"double(1)",[15,80345,801],{},[164,80347,80348,6024,80351],{},[15,80349,80350],{},"double(2)",[15,80352,2461],{},[164,80354,80355,6024,80358],{},[15,80356,80357],{},"double(3)",[15,80359,80360],{},"6",[164,80362,80363,6024,80366],{},[15,80364,80365],{},"double(4)",[15,80367,2302],{},[30,80369,582,80371,80373],{"id":80370},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80372,39667],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80375,80376,80378],{},[15,80377,39667],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80380,80381],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80383,2164],{},[35,80385,80387],{"className":37,"code":80386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80388,80389,80406,80416,80420,80441,80462,80466,80491,80495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80390,80391,80393,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80392,34802],{"class":2022},[44,80394,80395],{"class":34805}," add_numbers",[44,80397,115],{"class":58},[44,80399,394],{"class":37613},[44,80401,66],{"class":58},[44,80403,2516],{"class":37613},[44,80405,8288],{"class":58},[44,80407,80408,80410,80412,80414],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80409,34813],{"class":3832},[44,80411,44496],{"class":50},[44,80413,2017],{"class":54},[44,80415,36133],{"class":50},[44,80417,80418],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80419,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80421,80422,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80423,80424],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80426,55],{"class":54},[44,80428,59],{"class":58},[44,80430,63],{"class":62},[44,80432,66],{"class":58},[44,80434,69],{"class":62},[44,80436,66],{"class":58},[44,80438,2408],{"class":62},[44,80440,72],{"class":58},[44,80442,80443,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,80444,80445],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80447,55],{"class":54},[44,80449,59],{"class":58},[44,80451,2287],{"class":62},[44,80453,66],{"class":58},[44,80455,7738],{"class":62},[44,80457,66],{"class":58},[44,80459,7743],{"class":62},[44,80461,72],{"class":58},[44,80463,80464],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,80465,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80467,80468,80470,80472,80474,80476,80479,80481,80484,80486,80489],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,80469,911],{"class":50},[44,80471,55],{"class":54},[44,80473,79788],{"class":127},[44,80475,115],{"class":58},[44,80477,80478],{"class":111},"add_numbers",[44,80480,66],{"class":58},[44,80482,80483],{"class":111}," list1",[44,80485,66],{"class":58},[44,80487,80488],{"class":111}," list2",[44,80490,121],{"class":58},[44,80492,80493],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,80494,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80496,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,80498,128],{"class":127},[44,80500,115],{"class":58},[44,80502,226],{"class":1458},[44,80504,115],{"class":58},[44,80506,943],{"class":111},[44,80508,637],{"class":58},[20,80510,2028],{},[35,80512,80514],{"className":37,"code":80513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80515,80516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80517,80518,80520,80523,80525,80528,80530,80533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80519,3856],{"class":58},[44,80521,80522],{"class":62},"11",[44,80524,66],{"class":58},[44,80526,80527],{"class":62}," 22",[44,80529,66],{"class":58},[44,80531,80532],{"class":62}," 33",[44,80534,72],{"class":58},[20,80536,2135],{},[161,80538,80539,80545,80551],{},[164,80540,80541,80542],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80543,80544],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[164,80546,80547,80548],{},"then ",[15,80549,80550],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[164,80552,80547,80553],{},[15,80554,80555],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[420,80557,80559,80561],{"id":80558},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80560,39667],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80563,80564,80565,80567],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80566,39667],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80569,80571],{"className":37,"code":80570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80572,80573,80589,80599,80603,80627,80643,80647,80669,80673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80574,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585,80587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80576,34802],{"class":2022},[44,80578,80395],{"class":34805},[44,80580,115],{"class":58},[44,80582,394],{"class":37613},[44,80584,66],{"class":58},[44,80586,2516],{"class":37613},[44,80588,8288],{"class":58},[44,80590,80591,80593,80595,80597],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80592,34813],{"class":3832},[44,80594,44496],{"class":50},[44,80596,2017],{"class":54},[44,80598,36133],{"class":50},[44,80600,80601],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80602,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80604,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80606,80424],{"class":50},[44,80608,55],{"class":54},[44,80610,59],{"class":58},[44,80612,63],{"class":62},[44,80614,66],{"class":58},[44,80616,69],{"class":62},[44,80618,66],{"class":58},[44,80620,2408],{"class":62},[44,80622,66],{"class":58},[44,80624,90],{"class":62},[44,80626,72],{"class":58},[44,80628,80629,80631,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,80630,80445],{"class":50},[44,80632,55],{"class":54},[44,80634,59],{"class":58},[44,80636,2287],{"class":62},[44,80638,66],{"class":58},[44,80640,7738],{"class":62},[44,80642,72],{"class":58},[44,80644,80645],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,80646,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80648,80649,80651,80653,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,80650,911],{"class":50},[44,80652,55],{"class":54},[44,80654,79788],{"class":127},[44,80656,115],{"class":58},[44,80658,80478],{"class":111},[44,80660,66],{"class":58},[44,80662,80483],{"class":111},[44,80664,66],{"class":58},[44,80666,80488],{"class":111},[44,80668,121],{"class":58},[44,80670,80671],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,80672,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80674,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,80676,128],{"class":127},[44,80678,115],{"class":58},[44,80680,226],{"class":1458},[44,80682,115],{"class":58},[44,80684,943],{"class":111},[44,80686,637],{"class":58},[20,80688,2028],{},[35,80690,80692],{"className":37,"code":80691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80693,80694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80695,80696,80698,80700,80702,80704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80697,3856],{"class":58},[44,80699,80522],{"class":62},[44,80701,66],{"class":58},[44,80703,80527],{"class":62},[44,80705,72],{"class":58},[20,80707,80708,80709,80712],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80710,80711],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80714,80716,80718],{"id":80715},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80717,39667],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80720,37974,80721,80723],{},[15,80722,39667],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80725,80726,80727,80730],{},"This object is ",[214,80728,80729],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[420,80732,2445,80734,80736],{"id":80733},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80735,1510],{}," looks strange",[20,80738,33592],{},[35,80740,80742],{"className":37,"code":80741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80743,80744,80764,80782,80786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80747,51],{"class":50},[44,80749,55],{"class":54},[44,80751,59],{"class":58},[44,80753,63],{"class":62},[44,80755,66],{"class":58},[44,80757,69],{"class":62},[44,80759,66],{"class":58},[44,80761,2408],{"class":62},[44,80763,72],{"class":58},[44,80765,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80767,911],{"class":50},[44,80769,55],{"class":54},[44,80771,79788],{"class":127},[44,80773,115],{"class":58},[44,80775,3403],{"class":1458},[44,80777,66],{"class":58},[44,80779,916],{"class":111},[44,80781,121],{"class":58},[44,80783,80784],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80785,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80789,128],{"class":127},[44,80791,115],{"class":58},[44,80793,943],{"class":111},[44,80795,121],{"class":58},[20,80797,80798],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80800,80802],{"className":37,"code":80801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80803,80804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80805,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80807,3248],{"class":54},[44,80809,39810],{"class":127},[44,80811,24568],{"class":1458},[44,80813,37314],{"class":50},[44,80815,37318],{"class":37317},[44,80817,37321],{"class":34403},[44,80819,3262],{"class":54},[20,80821,80822],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80824,80825],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80827,80829],{"className":37,"code":80828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80830,80831,80851,80869,80873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80832,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80834,51],{"class":50},[44,80836,55],{"class":54},[44,80838,59],{"class":58},[44,80840,63],{"class":62},[44,80842,66],{"class":58},[44,80844,69],{"class":62},[44,80846,66],{"class":58},[44,80848,2408],{"class":62},[44,80850,72],{"class":58},[44,80852,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80854,911],{"class":50},[44,80856,55],{"class":54},[44,80858,79788],{"class":127},[44,80860,115],{"class":58},[44,80862,3403],{"class":1458},[44,80864,66],{"class":58},[44,80866,916],{"class":111},[44,80868,121],{"class":58},[44,80870,80871],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80872,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80874,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80876,128],{"class":127},[44,80878,115],{"class":58},[44,80880,226],{"class":1458},[44,80882,115],{"class":58},[44,80884,943],{"class":111},[44,80886,637],{"class":58},[20,80888,2028],{},[35,80890,80892],{"className":37,"code":80891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80893,80894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80895,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80897,3856],{"class":58},[44,80899,3259],{"class":272},[44,80901,63],{"class":276},[44,80903,3259],{"class":272},[44,80905,66],{"class":58},[44,80907,3254],{"class":272},[44,80909,801],{"class":276},[44,80911,3259],{"class":272},[44,80913,66],{"class":58},[44,80915,3254],{"class":272},[44,80917,85],{"class":276},[44,80919,3259],{"class":272},[44,80921,72],{"class":58},[420,80923,80925],{"id":80924},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80927,80929],{"className":37,"code":80928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80930,80931,80951,80969,80973,80986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80932,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80934,51],{"class":50},[44,80936,55],{"class":54},[44,80938,59],{"class":58},[44,80940,63],{"class":62},[44,80942,66],{"class":58},[44,80944,69],{"class":62},[44,80946,66],{"class":58},[44,80948,2408],{"class":62},[44,80950,72],{"class":58},[44,80952,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,80954,911],{"class":50},[44,80956,55],{"class":54},[44,80958,79788],{"class":127},[44,80960,115],{"class":58},[44,80962,3403],{"class":1458},[44,80964,66],{"class":58},[44,80966,916],{"class":111},[44,80968,121],{"class":58},[44,80970,80971],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,80972,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,80974,80975,80977,80979,80981,80984],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80976,5909],{"class":3832},[44,80978,5912],{"class":50},[44,80980,3839],{"class":3832},[44,80982,80983],{"class":50}," result",[44,80985,6344],{"class":58},[44,80987,80988,80990,80992,80994],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,80989,8017],{"class":127},[44,80991,115],{"class":58},[44,80993,23261],{"class":111},[44,80995,121],{"class":58},[20,80997,2028],{},[35,80999,81001],{"className":37,"code":81000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81002,81003,81007,81011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81004,81005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81006,46868],{"class":62},[44,81008,81009],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81010,17006],{"class":62},[44,81012,81013],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81014,46568],{"class":62},[420,81016,81018],{"id":81017},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81020,81021],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,81023,81025],{"className":37,"code":81024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81026,81027,81047,81065,81069,81083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81030,51],{"class":50},[44,81032,55],{"class":54},[44,81034,59],{"class":58},[44,81036,63],{"class":62},[44,81038,66],{"class":58},[44,81040,69],{"class":62},[44,81042,66],{"class":58},[44,81044,2408],{"class":62},[44,81046,72],{"class":58},[44,81048,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81050,911],{"class":50},[44,81052,55],{"class":54},[44,81054,79788],{"class":127},[44,81056,115],{"class":58},[44,81058,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81060,66],{"class":58},[44,81062,916],{"class":111},[44,81064,121],{"class":58},[44,81066,81067],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81068,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81070,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81072,128],{"class":127},[44,81074,115],{"class":58},[44,81076,226],{"class":1458},[44,81078,115],{"class":58},[44,81080,943],{"class":111},[44,81082,637],{"class":58},[44,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,81086,128],{"class":127},[44,81088,115],{"class":58},[44,81090,226],{"class":1458},[44,81092,115],{"class":58},[44,81094,943],{"class":111},[44,81096,637],{"class":58},[20,81098,2028],{},[35,81100,81102],{"className":37,"code":81101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81103,81104,81132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81105,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81107,3856],{"class":58},[44,81109,3259],{"class":272},[44,81111,63],{"class":276},[44,81113,3259],{"class":272},[44,81115,66],{"class":58},[44,81117,3254],{"class":272},[44,81119,801],{"class":276},[44,81121,3259],{"class":272},[44,81123,66],{"class":58},[44,81125,3254],{"class":272},[44,81127,85],{"class":276},[44,81129,3259],{"class":272},[44,81131,72],{"class":58},[44,81133,81134],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81135,38248],{"class":58},[20,81137,81138],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81140,81141],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81143,81145],{"className":37,"code":81144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81146,81147,81167,81189,81193,81203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81148,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161,81163,81165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81150,51],{"class":50},[44,81152,55],{"class":54},[44,81154,59],{"class":58},[44,81156,63],{"class":62},[44,81158,66],{"class":58},[44,81160,69],{"class":62},[44,81162,66],{"class":58},[44,81164,2408],{"class":62},[44,81166,72],{"class":58},[44,81168,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81170,911],{"class":50},[44,81172,55],{"class":54},[44,81174,22510],{"class":1458},[44,81176,115],{"class":58},[44,81178,39810],{"class":127},[44,81180,115],{"class":58},[44,81182,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81184,66],{"class":58},[44,81186,916],{"class":111},[44,81188,637],{"class":58},[44,81190,81191],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81192,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81194,81195,81197,81199,81201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81196,128],{"class":127},[44,81198,115],{"class":58},[44,81200,943],{"class":111},[44,81202,121],{"class":58},[44,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,81206,128],{"class":127},[44,81208,115],{"class":58},[44,81210,943],{"class":111},[44,81212,121],{"class":58},[20,81214,2028],{},[35,81216,81218],{"className":37,"code":81217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81219,81220,81248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81221,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81223,3856],{"class":58},[44,81225,3259],{"class":272},[44,81227,63],{"class":276},[44,81229,3259],{"class":272},[44,81231,66],{"class":58},[44,81233,3254],{"class":272},[44,81235,801],{"class":276},[44,81237,3259],{"class":272},[44,81239,66],{"class":58},[44,81241,3254],{"class":272},[44,81243,85],{"class":276},[44,81245,3259],{"class":272},[44,81247,72],{"class":58},[44,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81251,3856],{"class":58},[44,81253,3259],{"class":272},[44,81255,63],{"class":276},[44,81257,3259],{"class":272},[44,81259,66],{"class":58},[44,81261,3254],{"class":272},[44,81263,801],{"class":276},[44,81265,3259],{"class":272},[44,81267,66],{"class":58},[44,81269,3254],{"class":272},[44,81271,85],{"class":276},[44,81273,3259],{"class":272},[44,81275,72],{"class":58},[30,81277,1638,81279],{"id":81278},"when-to-use-map",[15,81280,39667],{},[20,81282,81283,81285],{},[15,81284,39667],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81287,81288],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[161,81290,81291,81295,81299],{},[164,81292,81293],{},[15,81294,3403],{},[164,81296,81297],{},[15,81298,2145],{},[164,81300,81301],{},[15,81302,1975],{},[20,81304,2164],{},[35,81306,81308],{"className":37,"code":81307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81309,81310,81342,81364,81368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81311,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81313,604],{"class":50},[44,81315,55],{"class":54},[44,81317,59],{"class":58},[44,81319,3259],{"class":272},[44,81321,63],{"class":276},[44,81323,3259],{"class":272},[44,81325,66],{"class":58},[44,81327,3254],{"class":272},[44,81329,801],{"class":276},[44,81331,3259],{"class":272},[44,81333,66],{"class":58},[44,81335,3254],{"class":272},[44,81337,85],{"class":276},[44,81339,3259],{"class":272},[44,81341,72],{"class":58},[44,81343,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81345,51],{"class":50},[44,81347,55],{"class":54},[44,81349,22510],{"class":1458},[44,81351,115],{"class":58},[44,81353,39810],{"class":127},[44,81355,115],{"class":58},[44,81357,2145],{"class":1458},[44,81359,66],{"class":58},[44,81361,3842],{"class":111},[44,81363,637],{"class":58},[44,81365,81366],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81367,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81369,81370,81372,81374,81376],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81371,128],{"class":127},[44,81373,115],{"class":58},[44,81375,105],{"class":111},[44,81377,121],{"class":58},[20,81379,2028],{},[35,81381,81382],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81383,81384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81385,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81387,3856],{"class":58},[44,81389,63],{"class":62},[44,81391,66],{"class":58},[44,81393,69],{"class":62},[44,81395,66],{"class":58},[44,81397,2408],{"class":62},[44,81399,72],{"class":58},[20,81401,81402],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81404,81405],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81407,81409],{"className":37,"code":81408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81410,81411,81431,81453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81412,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81414,51],{"class":50},[44,81416,55],{"class":54},[44,81418,59],{"class":58},[44,81420,63],{"class":62},[44,81422,66],{"class":58},[44,81424,69],{"class":62},[44,81426,66],{"class":58},[44,81428,2408],{"class":62},[44,81430,72],{"class":58},[44,81432,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81434,911],{"class":50},[44,81436,55],{"class":54},[44,81438,22510],{"class":1458},[44,81440,115],{"class":58},[44,81442,39810],{"class":127},[44,81444,115],{"class":58},[44,81446,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81448,66],{"class":58},[44,81450,916],{"class":111},[44,81452,637],{"class":58},[44,81454,81455,81457,81459,81461],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81456,128],{"class":127},[44,81458,115],{"class":58},[44,81460,943],{"class":111},[44,81462,121],{"class":58},[35,81464,81466],{"className":37,"code":81465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81467,81468,81488,81515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81471,51],{"class":50},[44,81473,55],{"class":54},[44,81475,59],{"class":58},[44,81477,63],{"class":62},[44,81479,66],{"class":58},[44,81481,69],{"class":62},[44,81483,66],{"class":58},[44,81485,2408],{"class":62},[44,81487,72],{"class":58},[44,81489,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81509,81511,81513],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81491,911],{"class":50},[44,81493,55],{"class":54},[44,81495,59],{"class":58},[44,81497,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81499,115],{"class":58},[44,81501,75796],{"class":111},[44,81503,1476],{"class":58},[44,81505,3833],{"class":3832},[44,81507,81508],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81510,3839],{"class":3832},[44,81512,916],{"class":50},[44,81514,72],{"class":58},[44,81516,81517,81519,81521,81523],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81518,128],{"class":127},[44,81520,115],{"class":58},[44,81522,943],{"class":111},[44,81524,121],{"class":58},[20,81526,81527],{},"Both produce:",[35,81529,81530],{"className":37,"code":80891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81531,81532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81533,81534,81536,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81535,3856],{"class":58},[44,81537,3259],{"class":272},[44,81539,63],{"class":276},[44,81541,3259],{"class":272},[44,81543,66],{"class":58},[44,81545,3254],{"class":272},[44,81547,801],{"class":276},[44,81549,3259],{"class":272},[44,81551,66],{"class":58},[44,81553,3254],{"class":272},[44,81555,85],{"class":276},[44,81557,3259],{"class":272},[44,81559,72],{"class":58},[20,81561,81562],{},"A simple rule:",[161,81564,81565,81570,81575],{},[164,81566,39941,81567,81569],{},[15,81568,39667],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[164,81571,39947,81572,81574],{},[15,81573,5909],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[164,81576,81577],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81579,81580,81581,108],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[394,81582,4346],{"href":4345},[30,81584,1083],{"id":1082},[420,81586,81588,81589],{"id":81587},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81590,24731],{},[20,81592,81593],{},"This is very common:",[35,81595,81596],{"className":37,"code":80741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81597,81598,81618,81636,81640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81601,51],{"class":50},[44,81603,55],{"class":54},[44,81605,59],{"class":58},[44,81607,63],{"class":62},[44,81609,66],{"class":58},[44,81611,69],{"class":62},[44,81613,66],{"class":58},[44,81615,2408],{"class":62},[44,81617,72],{"class":58},[44,81619,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81621,911],{"class":50},[44,81623,55],{"class":54},[44,81625,79788],{"class":127},[44,81627,115],{"class":58},[44,81629,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81631,66],{"class":58},[44,81633,916],{"class":111},[44,81635,121],{"class":58},[44,81637,81638],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81639,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81643,128],{"class":127},[44,81645,115],{"class":58},[44,81647,943],{"class":111},[44,81649,121],{"class":58},[20,81651,81652],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81654,39213],{},[35,81656,81658],{"className":37,"code":81657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81659,81660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81661,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81663,128],{"class":127},[44,81665,115],{"class":58},[44,81667,226],{"class":1458},[44,81669,115],{"class":58},[44,81671,943],{"class":111},[44,81673,637],{"class":58},[420,81675,81677],{"id":81676},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81679,16593],{},[35,81681,81683],{"className":37,"code":81682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81684,81685,81705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81686,81687,81689,81691,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81688,51],{"class":50},[44,81690,55],{"class":54},[44,81692,59],{"class":58},[44,81694,63],{"class":62},[44,81696,66],{"class":58},[44,81698,69],{"class":62},[44,81700,66],{"class":58},[44,81702,2408],{"class":62},[44,81704,72],{"class":58},[44,81706,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81720,81722],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81708,911],{"class":50},[44,81710,55],{"class":54},[44,81712,79788],{"class":127},[44,81714,115],{"class":58},[44,81716,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81718,81719],{"class":58},"(),",[44,81721,916],{"class":111},[44,81723,121],{"class":58},[20,81725,81726,81727,81729,81730,81732],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81728,47635],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81731,39667],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81734,16605],{},[35,81736,81737],{"className":37,"code":80828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81738,81739,81759,81777,81781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81740,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81742,51],{"class":50},[44,81744,55],{"class":54},[44,81746,59],{"class":58},[44,81748,63],{"class":62},[44,81750,66],{"class":58},[44,81752,69],{"class":62},[44,81754,66],{"class":58},[44,81756,2408],{"class":62},[44,81758,72],{"class":58},[44,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81762,911],{"class":50},[44,81764,55],{"class":54},[44,81766,79788],{"class":127},[44,81768,115],{"class":58},[44,81770,3403],{"class":1458},[44,81772,66],{"class":58},[44,81774,916],{"class":111},[44,81776,121],{"class":58},[44,81778,81779],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81780,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81782,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81784,128],{"class":127},[44,81786,115],{"class":58},[44,81788,226],{"class":1458},[44,81790,115],{"class":58},[44,81792,943],{"class":111},[44,81794,637],{"class":58},[420,81796,81798],{"id":81797},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81800,81801],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81803,16593],{},[35,81805,81807],{"className":37,"code":81806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81808,81809,81826,81836,81840,81860,81879,81883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81810,81811,81813,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81812,34802],{"class":2022},[44,81814,81815],{"class":34805}," add",[44,81817,115],{"class":58},[44,81819,394],{"class":37613},[44,81821,66],{"class":58},[44,81823,2516],{"class":37613},[44,81825,8288],{"class":58},[44,81827,81828,81830,81832,81834],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81829,34813],{"class":3832},[44,81831,44496],{"class":50},[44,81833,2017],{"class":54},[44,81835,36133],{"class":50},[44,81837,81838],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81839,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81841,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81843,51],{"class":50},[44,81845,55],{"class":54},[44,81847,59],{"class":58},[44,81849,63],{"class":62},[44,81851,66],{"class":58},[44,81853,69],{"class":62},[44,81855,66],{"class":58},[44,81857,2408],{"class":62},[44,81859,72],{"class":58},[44,81861,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81873,81875,81877],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,81863,911],{"class":50},[44,81865,55],{"class":54},[44,81867,79788],{"class":127},[44,81869,115],{"class":58},[44,81871,81872],{"class":111},"add",[44,81874,66],{"class":58},[44,81876,916],{"class":111},[44,81878,121],{"class":58},[44,81880,81881],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,81882,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81884,81885,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,81886,128],{"class":127},[44,81888,115],{"class":58},[44,81890,226],{"class":1458},[44,81892,115],{"class":58},[44,81894,943],{"class":111},[44,81896,637],{"class":58},[20,81898,16605],{},[35,81900,81902],{"className":37,"code":81901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81903,81904,81920,81930,81934,81954,81974,81996,82000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81907,34802],{"class":2022},[44,81909,81815],{"class":34805},[44,81911,115],{"class":58},[44,81913,394],{"class":37613},[44,81915,66],{"class":58},[44,81917,2516],{"class":37613},[44,81919,8288],{"class":58},[44,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,81923,34813],{"class":3832},[44,81925,44496],{"class":50},[44,81927,2017],{"class":54},[44,81929,36133],{"class":50},[44,81931,81932],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,81933,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,81935,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81937,80424],{"class":50},[44,81939,55],{"class":54},[44,81941,59],{"class":58},[44,81943,63],{"class":62},[44,81945,66],{"class":58},[44,81947,69],{"class":62},[44,81949,66],{"class":58},[44,81951,2408],{"class":62},[44,81953,72],{"class":58},[44,81955,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,81957,80445],{"class":50},[44,81959,55],{"class":54},[44,81961,59],{"class":58},[44,81963,2287],{"class":62},[44,81965,66],{"class":58},[44,81967,7738],{"class":62},[44,81969,66],{"class":58},[44,81971,7743],{"class":62},[44,81973,72],{"class":58},[44,81975,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,81977,911],{"class":50},[44,81979,55],{"class":54},[44,81981,79788],{"class":127},[44,81983,115],{"class":58},[44,81985,81872],{"class":111},[44,81987,66],{"class":58},[44,81989,80483],{"class":111},[44,81991,66],{"class":58},[44,81993,80488],{"class":111},[44,81995,121],{"class":58},[44,81997,81998],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,81999,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,82003,128],{"class":127},[44,82005,115],{"class":58},[44,82007,226],{"class":1458},[44,82009,115],{"class":58},[44,82011,943],{"class":111},[44,82013,637],{"class":58},[420,82015,82017],{"id":82016},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82019,16593],{},[35,82021,82022],{"className":37,"code":81024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82023,82024,82044,82062,82066,82080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82025,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036,82038,82040,82042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82027,51],{"class":50},[44,82029,55],{"class":54},[44,82031,59],{"class":58},[44,82033,63],{"class":62},[44,82035,66],{"class":58},[44,82037,69],{"class":62},[44,82039,66],{"class":58},[44,82041,2408],{"class":62},[44,82043,72],{"class":58},[44,82045,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82047,911],{"class":50},[44,82049,55],{"class":54},[44,82051,79788],{"class":127},[44,82053,115],{"class":58},[44,82055,3403],{"class":1458},[44,82057,66],{"class":58},[44,82059,916],{"class":111},[44,82061,121],{"class":58},[44,82063,82064],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82065,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82069,128],{"class":127},[44,82071,115],{"class":58},[44,82073,226],{"class":1458},[44,82075,115],{"class":58},[44,82077,943],{"class":111},[44,82079,637],{"class":58},[44,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,82083,128],{"class":127},[44,82085,115],{"class":58},[44,82087,226],{"class":1458},[44,82089,115],{"class":58},[44,82091,943],{"class":111},[44,82093,637],{"class":58},[20,82095,82096],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82098,82099],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,82101,67661],{"id":67660},[20,82103,8823,82104,82106],{},[15,82105,39667],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82108,82110],{"className":37,"code":82109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82111,82112,82122,82136,82150,82162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82113,82114,82116,82118,82120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82115,128],{"class":127},[44,82117,115],{"class":58},[44,82119,943],{"class":111},[44,82121,121],{"class":58},[44,82123,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82125,128],{"class":127},[44,82127,115],{"class":58},[44,82129,226],{"class":1458},[44,82131,115],{"class":58},[44,82133,943],{"class":111},[44,82135,637],{"class":58},[44,82137,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82139,128],{"class":127},[44,82141,115],{"class":58},[44,82143,1459],{"class":1458},[44,82145,115],{"class":58},[44,82147,943],{"class":111},[44,82149,637],{"class":58},[44,82151,82152,82154,82156,82158,82160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82153,5909],{"class":3832},[44,82155,5912],{"class":50},[44,82157,3839],{"class":3832},[44,82159,80983],{"class":50},[44,82161,6344],{"class":58},[44,82163,82164,82166,82168,82170],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,82165,8017],{"class":127},[44,82167,115],{"class":58},[44,82169,23261],{"class":111},[44,82171,121],{"class":58},[20,82173,12623],{},[161,82175,82176,82181,82186,82192],{},[164,82177,82178,82180],{},[15,82179,1510],{}," shows that you have a map object",[164,82182,82183,82185],{},[15,82184,32985],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[164,82187,82188,82191],{},[15,82189,82190],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[164,82193,82194,82195,82197],{},"looping over ",[15,82196,943],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82199,82200,82201,82204,82205,82207],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82202,82203],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82206,5909],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82209,1757],{"id":1756},[420,82211,1761,82213,82215],{"id":82212},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82214,39667],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82217,82218,82219,82221,82222,23889],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82220,39667],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82223,82224],{},"list(map(...))",[420,82226,14851,82228,82230,82231,82233],{"id":82227},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82229,39667],{}," better than a ",[15,82232,5909],{}," loop?",[20,82235,82236,82237,82239,82240,82242],{},"Not always. ",[15,82238,39667],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82241,5909],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[420,82244,5124,82246,82248],{"id":82245},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82247,39667],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82250,82251],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[420,82253,82255],{"id":82254},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82257,82258],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82260,1821],{"id":1820},[161,82262,82263,82269,82275,82279,82283],{},[164,82264,82265],{},[394,82266,3536,82267,3469],{"href":40036},[15,82268,37526],{},[164,82270,82271],{},[394,82272,3536,82273,3469],{"href":64613},[15,82274,24731],{},[164,82276,82277],{},[394,82278,5175],{"href":5085},[164,82280,82281],{},[394,82282,5180],{"href":4345},[164,82284,82285],{},[394,82286,5170],{"href":5089},[1872,82288,82289],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":82291},[82292,82293,82295,82296,82297,82299,82304,82311,82313,82320,82321,82330],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":79867,"depth":75,"text":82294},"What map() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":80186,"depth":75,"text":82298},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80370,"depth":75,"text":82300,"children":82301},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82302],{"id":80558,"depth":95,"text":82303},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80715,"depth":75,"text":82305,"children":82306},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82307,82309,82310],{"id":80733,"depth":95,"text":82308},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80924,"depth":95,"text":80925},{"id":81017,"depth":95,"text":81018},{"id":81278,"depth":75,"text":82312},"When to use map()",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":82314},[82315,82317,82318,82319],{"id":81587,"depth":95,"text":82316},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81676,"depth":95,"text":81677},{"id":81797,"depth":95,"text":81798},{"id":82016,"depth":95,"text":82017},{"id":67660,"depth":75,"text":67661},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":82322},[82323,82325,82327,82329],{"id":82212,"depth":95,"text":82324},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82227,"depth":95,"text":82326},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82245,"depth":95,"text":82328},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82254,"depth":95,"text":82255},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79699,"description":82331},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82338,"title":82339,"body":82340,"description":84360,"extension":1921,"meta":84361,"navigation":98,"path":84362,"seo":84363,"stem":84364,"__hash__":84365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82341,"toc":84318},[82342,82348,82353,82356,82364,82367,82369,82493,82495,82513,82515,82535,82540,82544,82558,82561,82564,82566,82571,82683,82686,82704,82710,82713,82775,82777,82786,82789,82803,82805,82853,82855,82864,82874,82880,82883,82910,82912,82920,82923,82926,82996,82998,83006,83009,83014,83019,83070,83072,83080,83083,83085,83102,83104,83156,83159,83165,83169,83174,83177,83181,83240,83242,83251,83257,83266,83270,83333,83335,83343,83348,83352,83357,83437,83439,83448,83455,83460,83465,83468,83503,83505,83513,83516,83522,83524,83574,83576,83585,83588,83606,83608,83613,83619,83626,83653,83655,83678,83683,83718,83723,83729,83734,83777,83780,83783,83822,83829,83835,83840,83855,83859,83866,83869,83873,83878,83882,83887,83889,83950,83952,83981,83986,83993,84002,84004,84007,84032,84034,84137,84140,84158,84167,84169,84174,84177,84183,84186,84188,84198,84204,84208,84266,84273,84281,84283,84315],[10,82343,3536,82345,3540],{"id":82344},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82346,82347],{},"max()",[20,82349,9071,82350,82352],{},[15,82351,82347],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82354,82355],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[161,82357,82358,82361],{},[164,82359,82360],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[164,82362,82363],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82365,82366],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82368,33],{"id":32},[35,82370,82372],{"className":37,"code":82371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82373,82374,82398,82413,82417,82443,82447,82479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82375,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394,82396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82377,51],{"class":50},[44,82379,55],{"class":54},[44,82381,59],{"class":58},[44,82383,85],{"class":62},[44,82385,66],{"class":58},[44,82387,6310],{"class":62},[44,82389,66],{"class":58},[44,82391,69],{"class":62},[44,82393,66],{"class":58},[44,82395,4557],{"class":62},[44,82397,72],{"class":58},[44,82399,82400,82402,82404,82407,82409,82411],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82401,128],{"class":127},[44,82403,115],{"class":58},[44,82405,82406],{"class":127},"max",[44,82408,115],{"class":58},[44,82410,105],{"class":111},[44,82412,637],{"class":58},[44,82414,82415],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82416,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82418,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82420,128],{"class":127},[44,82422,115],{"class":58},[44,82424,82406],{"class":127},[44,82426,115],{"class":58},[44,82428,85],{"class":62},[44,82430,66],{"class":58},[44,82432,6310],{"class":62},[44,82434,66],{"class":58},[44,82436,69],{"class":62},[44,82438,66],{"class":58},[44,82440,4557],{"class":62},[44,82442,637],{"class":58},[44,82444,82445],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,82446,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82448,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,82450,1253],{"class":50},[44,82452,55],{"class":54},[44,82454,59],{"class":58},[44,82456,273],{"class":272},[44,82458,277],{"class":276},[44,82460,273],{"class":272},[44,82462,66],{"class":58},[44,82464,284],{"class":272},[44,82466,287],{"class":276},[44,82468,273],{"class":272},[44,82470,66],{"class":58},[44,82472,284],{"class":272},[44,82474,78510],{"class":276},[44,82476,273],{"class":272},[44,82478,72],{"class":58},[44,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,82482,128],{"class":127},[44,82484,115],{"class":58},[44,82486,82406],{"class":127},[44,82488,115],{"class":58},[44,82490,1271],{"class":111},[44,82492,637],{"class":58},[20,82494,2028],{},[35,82496,82498],{"className":37,"code":82497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82499,82500,82504,82508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82501,82502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82503,2338],{"class":62},[44,82505,82506],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82507,2338],{"class":62},[44,82509,82510],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82511,82512],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82514,19907],{},[161,82516,82517,82523,82529],{},[164,82518,82519,82522],{},[15,82520,82521],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[164,82524,82525,82528],{},[15,82526,82527],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[164,82530,82531,82534],{},[15,82532,82533],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82536,151,82538,154],{"id":82537},"what-max-does",[15,82539,82347],{},[20,82541,82542,159],{},[15,82543,82347],{},[161,82545,82546,82549,82552,82555],{},[164,82547,82548],{},"Returns the largest item",[164,82550,82551],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[164,82553,82554],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[164,82556,82557],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82559,82560],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82562,82563],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82565,188],{"id":187},[20,82567,82568,82569,159],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82570,82347],{},[35,82572,82574],{"className":37,"code":82573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82575,82576,82586,82610,82632,82655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82577,82578,82580,82582,82584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82579,82406],{"class":127},[44,82581,115],{"class":58},[44,82583,207],{"class":111},[44,82585,121],{"class":58},[44,82587,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82599,82601,82603,82605,82608],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82589,82406],{"class":127},[44,82591,115],{"class":58},[44,82593,207],{"class":111},[44,82595,66],{"class":58},[44,82597,82598],{"class":54}," *",[44,82600,66],{"class":58},[44,82602,21530],{"class":9124},[44,82604,55],{"class":54},[44,82606,82607],{"class":111},"func",[44,82609,121],{"class":58},[44,82611,82612,82614,82616,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82613,82406],{"class":127},[44,82615,115],{"class":58},[44,82617,207],{"class":111},[44,82619,66],{"class":58},[44,82621,82598],{"class":54},[44,82623,66],{"class":58},[44,82625,26474],{"class":9124},[44,82627,55],{"class":54},[44,82629,2429],{"class":111},[44,82631,121],{"class":58},[44,82633,82634,82636,82638,82641,82643,82646,82648,82650,82653],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82635,82406],{"class":127},[44,82637,115],{"class":58},[44,82639,82640],{"class":111},"arg1",[44,82642,66],{"class":58},[44,82644,82645],{"class":111}," arg2",[44,82647,66],{"class":58},[44,82649,82598],{"class":54},[44,82651,82652],{"class":111},"args",[44,82654,121],{"class":58},[44,82656,82657,82659,82661,82663,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82675,82677,82679,82681],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,82658,82406],{"class":127},[44,82660,115],{"class":58},[44,82662,82640],{"class":111},[44,82664,66],{"class":58},[44,82666,82645],{"class":111},[44,82668,66],{"class":58},[44,82670,82598],{"class":54},[44,82672,82652],{"class":111},[44,82674,66],{"class":58},[44,82676,21530],{"class":9124},[44,82678,55],{"class":54},[44,82680,82607],{"class":111},[44,82682,121],{"class":58},[20,82684,82685],{},"The most important parts are:",[161,82687,82688,82693,82698],{},[164,82689,82690,82692],{},[15,82691,207],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[164,82694,82695,82697],{},[15,82696,14789],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[164,82699,82700,82703],{},[15,82701,82702],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82705,582,82707,82709],{"id":82706},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82708,82347],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82711,82712],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82714,82716],{"className":37,"code":82715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82717,82718,82744,82760,82764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82719,82720,82722,82724,82726,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82721,5017],{"class":50},[44,82723,55],{"class":54},[44,82725,59],{"class":58},[44,82727,82728],{"class":62},"72",[44,82730,66],{"class":58},[44,82732,51459],{"class":62},[44,82734,66],{"class":58},[44,82736,1681],{"class":62},[44,82738,66],{"class":58},[44,82740,82741],{"class":62}," 66",[44,82743,72],{"class":58},[44,82745,82746,82749,82751,82754,82756,82758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82747,82748],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82750,55],{"class":54},[44,82752,82753],{"class":127}," max",[44,82755,115],{"class":58},[44,82757,16338],{"class":111},[44,82759,121],{"class":58},[44,82761,82762],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82763,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82765,82766,82768,82770,82773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82767,128],{"class":127},[44,82769,115],{"class":58},[44,82771,82772],{"class":111},"highest_score",[44,82774,121],{"class":58},[20,82776,2028],{},[35,82778,82780],{"className":37,"code":82779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82781,82782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82783,82784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82785,82779],{"class":62},[20,82787,82788],{},"This works well for:",[161,82790,82791,82794,82797,82800],{},[164,82792,82793],{},"Scores",[164,82795,82796],{},"Prices",[164,82798,82799],{},"Ages",[164,82801,82802],{},"Counts",[20,82804,52029],{},[35,82806,82808],{"className":37,"code":82807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82809,82810,82838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82811,82812,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82826,82828,82831,82833,82836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82813,82814],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82816,55],{"class":54},[44,82818,59],{"class":58},[44,82820,40349],{"class":62},[44,82822,66],{"class":58},[44,82824,82825],{"class":62}," 5.50",[44,82827,66],{"class":58},[44,82829,82830],{"class":62}," 12.75",[44,82832,66],{"class":58},[44,82834,82835],{"class":62}," 29.00",[44,82837,72],{"class":58},[44,82839,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82851],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82841,128],{"class":127},[44,82843,115],{"class":58},[44,82845,82406],{"class":127},[44,82847,115],{"class":58},[44,82849,82850],{"class":111},"prices",[44,82852,637],{"class":58},[20,82854,2028],{},[35,82856,82858],{"className":37,"code":82857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82859,82860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82861,82862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82863,82857],{"class":62},[20,82865,82866,82867,82869,82870,108],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82868,82347],{}," is simpler than ",[394,82871,82872],{"href":74287},[15,82873,74190],{},[30,82875,582,82877,82879],{"id":82876},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82878,82347],{}," with separate values",[20,82881,82882],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82884,82886],{"className":37,"code":82885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82887,82888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82889,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82891,128],{"class":127},[44,82893,115],{"class":58},[44,82895,82406],{"class":127},[44,82897,115],{"class":58},[44,82899,2461],{"class":62},[44,82901,66],{"class":58},[44,82903,30894],{"class":62},[44,82905,66],{"class":58},[44,82907,5945],{"class":62},[44,82909,637],{"class":58},[20,82911,2028],{},[35,82913,82914],{"className":37,"code":2182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82915,82916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82917,82918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82919,2182],{"class":62},[20,82921,82922],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82924,82925],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82927,82929],{"className":37,"code":82928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82930,82931,82940,82948,82958,82962,82985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82932,82933,82935,82937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82934,2511],{"class":50},[44,82936,55],{"class":54},[44,82938,82939],{"class":62}," 15\n",[44,82941,82942,82944,82946],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,82943,2539],{"class":50},[44,82945,55],{"class":54},[44,82947,2726],{"class":62},[44,82949,82950,82953,82955],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,82951,82952],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82954,55],{"class":54},[44,82956,82957],{"class":62}," 27\n",[44,82959,82960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82961,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,82963,82964,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82979,82981,82983],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,82965,82966],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82968,55],{"class":54},[44,82970,82753],{"class":127},[44,82972,115],{"class":58},[44,82974,394],{"class":111},[44,82976,66],{"class":58},[44,82978,2516],{"class":111},[44,82980,66],{"class":58},[44,82982,9631],{"class":111},[44,82984,121],{"class":58},[44,82986,82987,82989,82991,82994],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,82988,128],{"class":127},[44,82990,115],{"class":58},[44,82992,82993],{"class":111},"largest",[44,82995,121],{"class":58},[20,82997,2028],{},[35,82999,83000],{"className":37,"code":46563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83001,83002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83003,83004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83005,46563],{"class":62},[20,83007,83008],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,83010,582,83012,47010],{"id":83011},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83013,82347],{},[20,83015,83016,83018],{},[15,83017,82347],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,83020,83022],{"className":37,"code":83021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83023,83024,83056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83025,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83027,1253],{"class":50},[44,83029,55],{"class":54},[44,83031,59],{"class":58},[44,83033,273],{"class":272},[44,83035,277],{"class":276},[44,83037,273],{"class":272},[44,83039,66],{"class":58},[44,83041,284],{"class":272},[44,83043,287],{"class":276},[44,83045,273],{"class":272},[44,83047,66],{"class":58},[44,83049,284],{"class":272},[44,83051,78510],{"class":276},[44,83053,273],{"class":272},[44,83055,72],{"class":58},[44,83057,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066,83068],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83059,128],{"class":127},[44,83061,115],{"class":58},[44,83063,82406],{"class":127},[44,83065,115],{"class":58},[44,83067,1271],{"class":111},[44,83069,637],{"class":58},[20,83071,2028],{},[35,83073,83074],{"className":37,"code":82512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83075,83076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83077,83078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83079,82512],{"class":50},[20,83081,83082],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83084,68049],{},[161,83086,83087,83096,83099],{},[164,83088,83089,83092,83093,83095],{},[15,83090,83091],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83094,65040],{}," alphabetically",[164,83097,83098],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[164,83100,83101],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83103,2164],{},[35,83105,83107],{"className":37,"code":83106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83108,83109,83142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83110,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83112,1253],{"class":50},[44,83114,55],{"class":54},[44,83116,59],{"class":58},[44,83118,273],{"class":272},[44,83120,277],{"class":276},[44,83122,273],{"class":272},[44,83124,66],{"class":58},[44,83126,284],{"class":272},[44,83128,83129],{"class":276},"Banana",[44,83131,273],{"class":272},[44,83133,66],{"class":58},[44,83135,284],{"class":272},[44,83137,78510],{"class":276},[44,83139,273],{"class":272},[44,83141,72],{"class":58},[44,83143,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83145,128],{"class":127},[44,83147,115],{"class":58},[44,83149,82406],{"class":127},[44,83151,115],{"class":58},[44,83153,1271],{"class":111},[44,83155,637],{"class":58},[20,83157,83158],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83160,83161,83162,83164],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83163,14789],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83166,36562,83167,36565],{"id":78468},[15,83168,14789],{},[20,83170,1938,83171,83173],{},[15,83172,14789],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83175,83176],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[420,83178,83180],{"id":83179},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83182,83184],{"className":37,"code":83183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83185,83186,83218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83187,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83189,1253],{"class":50},[44,83191,55],{"class":54},[44,83193,59],{"class":58},[44,83195,273],{"class":272},[44,83197,36997],{"class":276},[44,83199,273],{"class":272},[44,83201,66],{"class":58},[44,83203,284],{"class":272},[44,83205,68092],{"class":276},[44,83207,273],{"class":272},[44,83209,66],{"class":58},[44,83211,284],{"class":272},[44,83213,58050],{"class":276},[44,83215,273],{"class":272},[44,83217,72],{"class":58},[44,83219,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83232,83234,83236,83238],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83221,128],{"class":127},[44,83223,115],{"class":58},[44,83225,82406],{"class":127},[44,83227,115],{"class":58},[44,83229,1271],{"class":111},[44,83231,66],{"class":58},[44,83233,21530],{"class":9124},[44,83235,55],{"class":54},[44,83237,11112],{"class":127},[44,83239,637],{"class":58},[20,83241,2028],{},[35,83243,83245],{"className":37,"code":83244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83246,83247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83248,83249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83250,83244],{"class":50},[20,83252,20721,83253,83256],{},[15,83254,83255],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83258,83259,83260,33578,83262,108],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83261,42312],{},[394,83263,83264,5734],{"href":42309},[15,83265,42312],{},[420,83267,83269],{"id":83268},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83271,83273],{"className":37,"code":83272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83274,83275,83307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83276,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83278,1253],{"class":50},[44,83280,55],{"class":54},[44,83282,59],{"class":58},[44,83284,273],{"class":272},[44,83286,277],{"class":276},[44,83288,273],{"class":272},[44,83290,66],{"class":58},[44,83292,284],{"class":272},[44,83294,83129],{"class":276},[44,83296,273],{"class":272},[44,83298,66],{"class":58},[44,83300,284],{"class":272},[44,83302,78510],{"class":276},[44,83304,273],{"class":272},[44,83306,72],{"class":58},[44,83308,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325,83327,83329,83331],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83310,128],{"class":127},[44,83312,115],{"class":58},[44,83314,82406],{"class":127},[44,83316,115],{"class":58},[44,83318,1271],{"class":111},[44,83320,66],{"class":58},[44,83322,21530],{"class":9124},[44,83324,55],{"class":54},[44,83326,3403],{"class":1458},[44,83328,108],{"class":58},[44,83330,8587],{"class":1492},[44,83332,637],{"class":58},[20,83334,2028],{},[35,83336,83337],{"className":37,"code":82512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83338,83339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83340,83341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83342,82512],{"class":50},[20,83344,20721,83345,83347],{},[15,83346,78464],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[420,83349,83351],{"id":83350},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83353,83354,83355,159],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83356,37610],{},[35,83358,83360],{"className":37,"code":83359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83361,83362,83405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83363,83364,83366,83368,83370,83372,83374,83376,83378,83380,83383,83385,83387,83389,83392,83394,83396,83398,83401,83403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83365,818],{"class":50},[44,83367,55],{"class":54},[44,83369,59],{"class":58},[44,83371,273],{"class":272},[44,83373,394],{"class":276},[44,83375,273],{"class":272},[44,83377,66],{"class":58},[44,83379,284],{"class":272},[44,83381,83382],{"class":276},"bb",[44,83384,273],{"class":272},[44,83386,66],{"class":58},[44,83388,284],{"class":272},[44,83390,83391],{"class":276},"cccc",[44,83393,273],{"class":272},[44,83395,66],{"class":58},[44,83397,284],{"class":272},[44,83399,83400],{"class":276},"ddd",[44,83402,273],{"class":272},[44,83404,72],{"class":58},[44,83406,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83408,128],{"class":127},[44,83410,115],{"class":58},[44,83412,82406],{"class":127},[44,83414,115],{"class":58},[44,83416,835],{"class":111},[44,83418,66],{"class":58},[44,83420,21530],{"class":9124},[44,83422,55],{"class":54},[44,83424,37610],{"class":2022},[44,83426,42793],{"class":37613},[44,83428,159],{"class":58},[44,83430,38337],{"class":127},[44,83432,115],{"class":58},[44,83434,34659],{"class":111},[44,83436,2871],{"class":58},[20,83438,2028],{},[35,83440,83442],{"className":37,"code":83441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83443,83444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83445,83446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83447,83441],{"class":50},[20,83449,49500,83450,398,83452,83454],{},[15,83451,83255],{},[15,83453,78351],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83456,36562,83458,36565],{"id":83457},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83459,82702],{},[20,83461,1938,83462,83464],{},[15,83463,82702],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83466,83467],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83469,83471],{"className":37,"code":83470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83472,83473,83481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83474,83475,83477,83479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83476,51],{"class":50},[44,83478,55],{"class":54},[44,83480,7786],{"class":58},[44,83482,83483,83485,83487,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83484,128],{"class":127},[44,83486,115],{"class":58},[44,83488,82406],{"class":127},[44,83490,115],{"class":58},[44,83492,105],{"class":111},[44,83494,66],{"class":58},[44,83496,26474],{"class":9124},[44,83498,55],{"class":54},[44,83500,746],{"class":62},[44,83502,637],{"class":58},[20,83504,2028],{},[35,83506,83507],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83508,83509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83510,83511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83512,47203],{"class":62},[20,83514,83515],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83517,83518,83519,83521],{},"Without ",[15,83520,82702],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83523,52029],{},[35,83525,83527],{"className":37,"code":83526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83528,83529,83537,83564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83530,83531,83533,83535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83532,1253],{"class":50},[44,83534,55],{"class":54},[44,83536,7786],{"class":58},[44,83538,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83551,83553,83555,83557,83560,83562],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83540,911],{"class":50},[44,83542,55],{"class":54},[44,83544,82753],{"class":127},[44,83546,115],{"class":58},[44,83548,1271],{"class":111},[44,83550,66],{"class":58},[44,83552,26474],{"class":9124},[44,83554,55],{"class":54},[44,83556,273],{"class":272},[44,83558,83559],{"class":276},"no words found",[44,83561,273],{"class":272},[44,83563,121],{"class":58},[44,83565,83566,83568,83570,83572],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,83567,128],{"class":127},[44,83569,115],{"class":58},[44,83571,943],{"class":111},[44,83573,121],{"class":58},[20,83575,2028],{},[35,83577,83579],{"className":37,"code":83578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83580,83581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83582,83583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83584,83578],{"class":50},[20,83586,83587],{},"Important:",[161,83589,83590,83598],{},[164,83591,83592,83594,83595],{},[15,83593,82702],{}," works with ",[15,83596,83597],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[164,83599,40857,83600,83602,83603],{},[214,83601,4583],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83604,83605],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83607,47938],{"id":47937},[20,83609,83610,83611,108],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83612,82347],{},[420,83614,83616,83618],{"id":83615},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83617,40655],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83620,83621,83622,45859,83624,108],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83623,82702],{},[15,83625,40655],{},[35,83627,83629],{"className":37,"code":83628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83630,83631,83639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83632,83633,83635,83637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83634,51],{"class":50},[44,83636,55],{"class":54},[44,83638,7786],{"class":58},[44,83640,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83642,128],{"class":127},[44,83644,115],{"class":58},[44,83646,82406],{"class":127},[44,83648,115],{"class":58},[44,83650,105],{"class":111},[44,83652,637],{"class":58},[20,83654,29632],{},[35,83656,83658],{"className":37,"code":83657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83659,83660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83661,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83673,83675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83663,40655],{"class":1458},[44,83665,159],{"class":58},[44,83667,82753],{"class":127},[44,83669,7313],{"class":58},[44,83671,83672],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83674,12144],{"class":54},[44,83676,83677],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83679,83680,83681,159],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83682,82702],{},[35,83684,83686],{"className":37,"code":83685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83687,83688,83696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83689,83690,83692,83694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83691,51],{"class":50},[44,83693,55],{"class":54},[44,83695,7786],{"class":58},[44,83697,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83699,128],{"class":127},[44,83701,115],{"class":58},[44,83703,82406],{"class":127},[44,83705,115],{"class":58},[44,83707,105],{"class":111},[44,83709,66],{"class":58},[44,83711,26474],{"class":9124},[44,83713,55],{"class":54},[44,83715,178],{"class":1582},[44,83717,637],{"class":58},[20,83719,83720,83721,108],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[394,83722,65605],{"href":72644},[420,83724,83726,83728],{"id":83725},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83727,1424],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83730,83731,83732,108],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83733,1424],{},[35,83735,83737],{"className":37,"code":83736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83738,83739,83763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83740,83741,83743,83745,83747,83749,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83742,818],{"class":50},[44,83744,55],{"class":54},[44,83746,59],{"class":58},[44,83748,2287],{"class":62},[44,83750,66],{"class":58},[44,83752,284],{"class":272},[44,83754,15703],{"class":276},[44,83756,273],{"class":272},[44,83758,66],{"class":58},[44,83760,7743],{"class":62},[44,83762,72],{"class":58},[44,83764,83765,83767,83769,83771,83773,83775],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83766,128],{"class":127},[44,83768,115],{"class":58},[44,83770,82406],{"class":127},[44,83772,115],{"class":58},[44,83774,835],{"class":111},[44,83776,637],{"class":58},[20,83778,83779],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83781,83782],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83784,83786],{"className":37,"code":83785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83787,83788,83808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83789,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83791,818],{"class":50},[44,83793,55],{"class":54},[44,83795,59],{"class":58},[44,83797,2287],{"class":62},[44,83799,66],{"class":58},[44,83801,7738],{"class":62},[44,83803,66],{"class":58},[44,83805,7743],{"class":62},[44,83807,72],{"class":58},[44,83809,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83811,128],{"class":127},[44,83813,115],{"class":58},[44,83815,82406],{"class":127},[44,83817,115],{"class":58},[44,83819,835],{"class":111},[44,83821,637],{"class":58},[20,83823,83824,83825,108],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[394,83826,83828],{"href":83827},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[420,83830,83832,83834],{"id":83831},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83833,1424],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83836,83837,83839],{},[15,83838,82347],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83841,83843],{"className":37,"code":83842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83844,83845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83846,83847,83849,83851,83853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83848,128],{"class":127},[44,83850,115],{"class":58},[44,83852,82406],{"class":127},[44,83854,7141],{"class":58},[20,83856,2960,83857,108],{},[15,83858,1424],{},[30,83860,83862,408,83864],{"id":83861},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83863,82347],{},[15,83865,74190],{},[20,83867,83868],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83870,83871,159],{},[15,83872,82347],{},[161,83874,83875],{},[164,83876,83877],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83879,83880,159],{},[15,83881,74190],{},[161,83883,83884],{},[164,83885,83886],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83888,2164],{},[35,83890,83892],{"className":37,"code":83891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83893,83894,83918,83922,83936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83895,83896,83898,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83897,51],{"class":50},[44,83899,55],{"class":54},[44,83901,59],{"class":58},[44,83903,85],{"class":62},[44,83905,66],{"class":58},[44,83907,6310],{"class":62},[44,83909,66],{"class":58},[44,83911,69],{"class":62},[44,83913,66],{"class":58},[44,83915,4557],{"class":62},[44,83917,72],{"class":58},[44,83919,83920],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83921,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,83923,83924,83926,83928,83930,83932,83934],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,83925,128],{"class":127},[44,83927,115],{"class":58},[44,83929,82406],{"class":127},[44,83931,115],{"class":58},[44,83933,105],{"class":111},[44,83935,637],{"class":58},[44,83937,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83948],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83939,128],{"class":127},[44,83941,115],{"class":58},[44,83943,74280],{"class":127},[44,83945,115],{"class":58},[44,83947,105],{"class":111},[44,83949,637],{"class":58},[20,83951,2028],{},[35,83953,83955],{"className":37,"code":83954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83956,83957,83961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83958,83959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83960,2338],{"class":62},[44,83962,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,83964,3856],{"class":58},[44,83966,801],{"class":62},[44,83968,66],{"class":58},[44,83970,2408],{"class":62},[44,83972,66],{"class":58},[44,83974,4557],{"class":62},[44,83976,66],{"class":58},[44,83978,6310],{"class":62},[44,83980,72],{"class":58},[20,83982,144,83983,83985],{},[15,83984,82347],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83987,144,83988,83992],{},[394,83989,83990],{"href":74287},[15,83991,74190],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83994,83995,83996,108],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[394,83997,83999],{"href":83998},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84000,84001],{},"min()",[30,84003,2788],{"id":2787},[20,84005,84006],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[161,84008,84009,84016,84019,84024,84027],{},[164,84010,29601,84011,84013,84014],{},[15,84012,82347],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84015,82702],{},[164,84017,84018],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[164,84020,8399,84021,84023],{},[15,84022,82347],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[164,84025,84026],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[164,84028,582,84029,84031],{},[15,84030,82702],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84033,11063],{},[35,84035,84037],{"className":37,"code":84036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84038,84039,84049,84063,84077,84091,84113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84040,84041,84043,84045,84047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84042,128],{"class":127},[44,84044,115],{"class":58},[44,84046,835],{"class":111},[44,84048,121],{"class":58},[44,84050,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84052,128],{"class":127},[44,84054,115],{"class":58},[44,84056,1459],{"class":1458},[44,84058,115],{"class":58},[44,84060,835],{"class":111},[44,84062,637],{"class":58},[44,84064,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,84066,128],{"class":127},[44,84068,115],{"class":58},[44,84070,11112],{"class":127},[44,84072,115],{"class":58},[44,84074,835],{"class":111},[44,84076,637],{"class":58},[44,84078,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84080,128],{"class":127},[44,84082,115],{"class":58},[44,84084,82406],{"class":127},[44,84086,115],{"class":58},[44,84088,835],{"class":111},[44,84090,637],{"class":58},[44,84092,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,84094,128],{"class":127},[44,84096,115],{"class":58},[44,84098,82406],{"class":127},[44,84100,115],{"class":58},[44,84102,835],{"class":111},[44,84104,66],{"class":58},[44,84106,26474],{"class":9124},[44,84108,55],{"class":54},[44,84110,178],{"class":1582},[44,84112,637],{"class":58},[44,84114,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,84116,128],{"class":127},[44,84118,457],{"class":58},[44,84120,1459],{"class":1458},[44,84122,115],{"class":58},[44,84124,2130],{"class":111},[44,84126,1476],{"class":58},[44,84128,3833],{"class":3832},[44,84130,3836],{"class":111},[44,84132,3839],{"class":3832},[44,84134,5917],{"class":111},[44,84136,466],{"class":58},[20,84138,84139],{},"These are useful for checking:",[161,84141,84142,84147,84152,84155],{},[164,84143,84144,84145],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84146,835],{},[164,84148,79517,84149,84151],{},[15,84150,835],{}," is a list or some other type",[164,84153,84154],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[164,84156,84157],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84159,69113,84160,84163,84164,84166],{},[15,84161,84162],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84165,835],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84168,1757],{"id":1756},[420,84170,5096,84172,5099],{"id":84171},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84173,82347],{},[20,84175,84176],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[420,84178,5124,84180,84182],{"id":84179},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84181,82347],{}," work with strings?",[20,84184,84185],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[420,84187,71412],{"id":71411},[20,84189,84190,52444,84192,84194,84195,84197],{},[15,84191,82347],{},[15,84193,40655],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84196,82702],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[420,84199,84201,84202,1778],{"id":84200},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84203,82347],{},[20,84205,144,84206,159],{},[15,84207,83255],{},[35,84209,84210],{"className":37,"code":83183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84211,84212,84244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84213,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84215,1253],{"class":50},[44,84217,55],{"class":54},[44,84219,59],{"class":58},[44,84221,273],{"class":272},[44,84223,36997],{"class":276},[44,84225,273],{"class":272},[44,84227,66],{"class":58},[44,84229,284],{"class":272},[44,84231,68092],{"class":276},[44,84233,273],{"class":272},[44,84235,66],{"class":58},[44,84237,284],{"class":272},[44,84239,58050],{"class":276},[44,84241,273],{"class":272},[44,84243,72],{"class":58},[44,84245,84246,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258,84260,84262,84264],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84247,128],{"class":127},[44,84249,115],{"class":58},[44,84251,82406],{"class":127},[44,84253,115],{"class":58},[44,84255,1271],{"class":111},[44,84257,66],{"class":58},[44,84259,21530],{"class":9124},[44,84261,55],{"class":54},[44,84263,11112],{"class":127},[44,84265,637],{"class":58},[420,84267,1773,84269,398,84271,1778],{"id":84268},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84270,82347],{},[15,84272,74190],{},[20,84274,84275,84277,84278,84280],{},[15,84276,82347],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84279,74190],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,84282,1821],{"id":1820},[161,84284,84285,84291,84297,84303,84307,84311],{},[164,84286,84287],{},[394,84288,84289,3469],{"href":83998},[15,84290,84001],{},[164,84292,84293],{},[394,84294,84295,3469],{"href":74287},[15,84296,74190],{},[164,84298,84299],{},[394,84300,84301,3469],{"href":42309},[15,84302,42312],{},[164,84304,84305],{},[394,84306,58879],{"href":58878},[164,84308,84309],{},[394,84310,65605],{"href":72644},[164,84312,84313],{},[394,84314,83828],{"href":83827},[1872,84316,84317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":84319},[84320,84321,84323,84324,84326,84328,84330,84335,84337,84345,84347,84348,84359],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":82537,"depth":75,"text":84322},"What max() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":82706,"depth":75,"text":84325},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82876,"depth":75,"text":84327},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83011,"depth":75,"text":84329},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78468,"depth":75,"text":79666,"children":84331},[84332,84333,84334],{"id":83179,"depth":95,"text":83180},{"id":83268,"depth":95,"text":83269},{"id":83350,"depth":95,"text":83351},{"id":83457,"depth":75,"text":84336},"Using the default argument",{"id":47937,"depth":75,"text":47938,"children":84338},[84339,84341,84343],{"id":83615,"depth":95,"text":84340},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83725,"depth":95,"text":84342},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83831,"depth":95,"text":84344},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83861,"depth":75,"text":84346},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":84349},[84350,84352,84354,84355,84357],{"id":84171,"depth":95,"text":84351},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84179,"depth":95,"text":84353},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71411,"depth":95,"text":71412},{"id":84200,"depth":95,"text":84356},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84268,"depth":95,"text":84358},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82339,"description":84360},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84367,"title":84368,"body":84369,"description":86323,"extension":1921,"meta":86324,"navigation":98,"path":86325,"seo":86326,"stem":86327,"__hash__":86328},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84370,"toc":86280},[84371,84376,84381,84387,84389,84463,84465,84478,84483,84488,84504,84508,84513,84589,84595,84598,84641,84643,84651,84657,84660,84691,84693,84701,84707,84712,84771,84773,84782,84785,84795,84801,84806,84841,84843,84851,84857,84863,84868,84912,84914,84923,84926,84966,84968,84977,84980,84992,84997,85002,85053,85055,85064,85067,85118,85120,85129,85132,85139,85145,85150,85152,85167,85171,85231,85233,85242,85246,85418,85420,85457,85464,85470,85473,85500,85502,85523,85528,85563,85565,85573,85576,85579,85595,85600,85602,85606,85612,85616,85643,85646,85656,85696,85700,85703,85746,85748,85757,85760,85765,85834,85836,85844,85849,85853,85856,85907,85909,85917,85920,85983,85985,85993,85996,86001,86005,86018,86025,86033,86035,86037,86067,86073,86174,86184,86186,86191,86194,86199,86202,86204,86212,86220,86228,86235,86243,86245,86277],[10,84372,3536,84374,3540],{"id":84373},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84375,84001],{},[20,84377,84378,84380],{},[15,84379,84001],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84382,84383,84384,84386],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84385,84001],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84388,33],{"id":32},[35,84390,84392],{"className":37,"code":84391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84393,84394,84418,84433,84437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84397,51],{"class":50},[44,84399,55],{"class":54},[44,84401,59],{"class":58},[44,84403,1410],{"class":62},[44,84405,66],{"class":58},[44,84407,69],{"class":62},[44,84409,66],{"class":58},[44,84411,54073],{"class":62},[44,84413,66],{"class":58},[44,84415,5450],{"class":62},[44,84417,72],{"class":58},[44,84419,84420,84422,84424,84427,84429,84431],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84421,128],{"class":127},[44,84423,115],{"class":58},[44,84425,84426],{"class":127},"min",[44,84428,115],{"class":58},[44,84430,105],{"class":111},[44,84432,637],{"class":58},[44,84434,84435],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,84436,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,84438,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84440,128],{"class":127},[44,84442,115],{"class":58},[44,84444,84426],{"class":127},[44,84446,115],{"class":58},[44,84448,1410],{"class":62},[44,84450,66],{"class":58},[44,84452,69],{"class":62},[44,84454,66],{"class":58},[44,84456,54073],{"class":62},[44,84458,66],{"class":58},[44,84460,5450],{"class":62},[44,84462,637],{"class":58},[20,84464,2028],{},[35,84466,84468],{"className":37,"code":84467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84469,84470,84474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84471,84472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84473,46868],{"class":62},[44,84475,84476],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84477,46868],{"class":62},[20,84479,144,84480,84482],{},[15,84481,84001],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84484,151,84486,154],{"id":84485},"what-min-does",[15,84487,84001],{},[161,84489,84490,84495,84498,84501],{},[164,84491,84492,84494],{},[15,84493,84001],{}," returns the smallest item",[164,84496,84497],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[164,84499,84500],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[164,84502,84503],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84505,84507],{"id":84506},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84509,84510,84511,159],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84512,84001],{},[35,84514,84516],{"className":37,"code":84515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84517,84518,84528,84553,84571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84519,84520,84522,84524,84526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84521,84426],{"class":127},[44,84523,115],{"class":58},[44,84525,207],{"class":111},[44,84527,121],{"class":58},[44,84529,84530,84532,84534,84537,84539,84542,84544,84547,84549,84551],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84531,84426],{"class":127},[44,84533,115],{"class":58},[44,84535,84536],{"class":111},"value1",[44,84538,66],{"class":58},[44,84540,84541],{"class":111}," value2",[44,84543,66],{"class":58},[44,84545,84546],{"class":111}," value3",[44,84548,66],{"class":58},[44,84550,34404],{"class":127},[44,84552,121],{"class":58},[44,84554,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,84556,84426],{"class":127},[44,84558,115],{"class":58},[44,84560,207],{"class":111},[44,84562,66],{"class":58},[44,84564,21530],{"class":9124},[44,84566,55],{"class":54},[44,84568,37321],{"class":127},[44,84570,121],{"class":58},[44,84572,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84574,84426],{"class":127},[44,84576,115],{"class":58},[44,84578,207],{"class":111},[44,84580,66],{"class":58},[44,84582,26474],{"class":9124},[44,84584,55],{"class":54},[44,84586,37321],{"class":127},[44,84588,121],{"class":58},[420,84590,84592],{"id":84591},"miniterable",[15,84593,84594],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84596,84597],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84599,84601],{"className":37,"code":84600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84602,84603,84627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84604,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623,84625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84606,51],{"class":50},[44,84608,55],{"class":54},[44,84610,59],{"class":58},[44,84612,2302],{"class":62},[44,84614,66],{"class":58},[44,84616,2408],{"class":62},[44,84618,66],{"class":58},[44,84620,30894],{"class":62},[44,84622,66],{"class":58},[44,84624,5450],{"class":62},[44,84626,72],{"class":58},[44,84628,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84630,128],{"class":127},[44,84632,115],{"class":58},[44,84634,84426],{"class":127},[44,84636,115],{"class":58},[44,84638,105],{"class":111},[44,84640,637],{"class":58},[20,84642,2028],{},[35,84644,84645],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84646,84647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84648,84649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84650,46868],{"class":62},[420,84652,84654],{"id":84653},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84655,84656],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84658,84659],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84661,84663],{"className":37,"code":84662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84664,84665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84666,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84668,128],{"class":127},[44,84670,115],{"class":58},[44,84672,84426],{"class":127},[44,84674,115],{"class":58},[44,84676,2302],{"class":62},[44,84678,66],{"class":58},[44,84680,2408],{"class":62},[44,84682,66],{"class":58},[44,84684,30894],{"class":62},[44,84686,66],{"class":58},[44,84688,5450],{"class":62},[44,84690,637],{"class":58},[20,84692,2028],{},[35,84694,84695],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84696,84697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84698,84699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84700,46868],{"class":62},[420,84702,84704],{"id":84703},"miniterable-key",[15,84705,84706],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84708,144,84709,84711],{},[15,84710,14789],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84713,84715],{"className":37,"code":84714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84716,84717,84749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84718,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84720,1253],{"class":50},[44,84722,55],{"class":54},[44,84724,59],{"class":58},[44,84726,273],{"class":272},[44,84728,78510],{"class":276},[44,84730,273],{"class":272},[44,84732,66],{"class":58},[44,84734,284],{"class":272},[44,84736,38292],{"class":276},[44,84738,273],{"class":272},[44,84740,66],{"class":58},[44,84742,284],{"class":272},[44,84744,287],{"class":276},[44,84746,273],{"class":272},[44,84748,72],{"class":58},[44,84750,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767,84769],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84752,128],{"class":127},[44,84754,115],{"class":58},[44,84756,84426],{"class":127},[44,84758,115],{"class":58},[44,84760,1271],{"class":111},[44,84762,66],{"class":58},[44,84764,21530],{"class":9124},[44,84766,55],{"class":54},[44,84768,11112],{"class":127},[44,84770,637],{"class":58},[20,84772,2028],{},[35,84774,84776],{"className":37,"code":84775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84777,84778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84779,84780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84781,84775],{"class":50},[20,84783,84784],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84786,84787,84788,84790,84791,108],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84789,42312],{},", see the ",[394,84792,84793,3469],{"href":42309},[15,84794,42312],{},[420,84796,84798],{"id":84797},"miniterable-default",[15,84799,84800],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84802,144,84803,84805],{},[15,84804,82702],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84807,84809],{"className":37,"code":84808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84810,84811,84819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84812,84813,84815,84817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84814,51],{"class":50},[44,84816,55],{"class":54},[44,84818,7786],{"class":58},[44,84820,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84822,128],{"class":127},[44,84824,115],{"class":58},[44,84826,84426],{"class":127},[44,84828,115],{"class":58},[44,84830,105],{"class":111},[44,84832,66],{"class":58},[44,84834,26474],{"class":9124},[44,84836,55],{"class":54},[44,84838,746],{"class":62},[44,84840,637],{"class":58},[20,84842,2028],{},[35,84844,84845],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84846,84847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84848,84849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84850,47203],{"class":62},[20,84852,84853,84854,84856],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84855,40655],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,84858,582,84860,84862],{"id":84859},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84861,84001],{}," with numbers",[20,84864,84865,84867],{},[15,84866,84001],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84869,84871],{"className":37,"code":84870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84872,84873,84898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84874,84875,84877,84879,84881,84883,84885,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84876,5017],{"class":50},[44,84878,55],{"class":54},[44,84880,59],{"class":58},[44,84882,1695],{"class":62},[44,84884,66],{"class":58},[44,84886,84887],{"class":62}," 72",[44,84889,66],{"class":58},[44,84891,28857],{"class":62},[44,84893,66],{"class":58},[44,84895,75866],{"class":62},[44,84897,72],{"class":58},[44,84899,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84901,128],{"class":127},[44,84903,115],{"class":58},[44,84905,84426],{"class":127},[44,84907,115],{"class":58},[44,84909,16338],{"class":111},[44,84911,637],{"class":58},[20,84913,2028],{},[35,84915,84917],{"className":37,"code":84916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84918,84919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84920,84921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84922,84916],{"class":62},[20,84924,84925],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84927,84929],{"className":37,"code":84928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84930,84931,84952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84932,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84946,84948,84950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84934,82814],{"class":50},[44,84936,55],{"class":54},[44,84938,59],{"class":58},[44,84940,40349],{"class":62},[44,84942,66],{"class":58},[44,84944,84945],{"class":62}," 5.49",[44,84947,66],{"class":58},[44,84949,82830],{"class":62},[44,84951,72],{"class":58},[44,84953,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,84955,128],{"class":127},[44,84957,115],{"class":58},[44,84959,84426],{"class":127},[44,84961,115],{"class":58},[44,84963,82850],{"class":111},[44,84965,637],{"class":58},[20,84967,2028],{},[35,84969,84971],{"className":37,"code":84970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84972,84973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84974,84975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84976,84970],{"class":62},[20,84978,84979],{},"This is useful for things like:",[161,84981,84982,84984,84986,84989],{},[164,84983,16338],{},[164,84985,82850],{},[164,84987,84988],{},"measurements",[164,84990,84991],{},"ages",[30,84993,582,84995,47010],{"id":84994},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84996,84001],{},[20,84998,84999,85001],{},[15,85000,84001],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,85003,85005],{"className":37,"code":85004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85006,85007,85039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85008,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85010,1253],{"class":50},[44,85012,55],{"class":54},[44,85014,59],{"class":58},[44,85016,273],{"class":272},[44,85018,287],{"class":276},[44,85020,273],{"class":272},[44,85022,66],{"class":58},[44,85024,284],{"class":272},[44,85026,277],{"class":276},[44,85028,273],{"class":272},[44,85030,66],{"class":58},[44,85032,284],{"class":272},[44,85034,4051],{"class":276},[44,85036,273],{"class":272},[44,85038,72],{"class":58},[44,85040,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85042,128],{"class":127},[44,85044,115],{"class":58},[44,85046,84426],{"class":127},[44,85048,115],{"class":58},[44,85050,1271],{"class":111},[44,85052,637],{"class":58},[20,85054,2028],{},[35,85056,85058],{"className":37,"code":85057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,85059,85060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85061,85062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85063,85057],{"class":50},[20,85065,85066],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,85068,85070],{"className":37,"code":85069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85071,85072,85104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85073,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084,85086,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85075,1253],{"class":50},[44,85077,55],{"class":54},[44,85079,59],{"class":58},[44,85081,273],{"class":272},[44,85083,287],{"class":276},[44,85085,273],{"class":272},[44,85087,66],{"class":58},[44,85089,284],{"class":272},[44,85091,57691],{"class":276},[44,85093,273],{"class":272},[44,85095,66],{"class":58},[44,85097,284],{"class":272},[44,85099,4051],{"class":276},[44,85101,273],{"class":272},[44,85103,72],{"class":58},[44,85105,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85107,128],{"class":127},[44,85109,115],{"class":58},[44,85111,84426],{"class":127},[44,85113,115],{"class":58},[44,85115,1271],{"class":111},[44,85117,637],{"class":58},[20,85119,2028],{},[35,85121,85123],{"className":37,"code":85122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85124,85125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85126,85127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85128,85122],{"class":50},[20,85130,85131],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85133,85134,85135,108],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[394,85136,85137,5734],{"href":74287},[15,85138,74190],{},[30,85140,582,85142,85144],{"id":85141},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85143,84001],{}," with a key function",[20,85146,1938,85147,85149],{},[15,85148,14789],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85151,11408],{},[161,85153,85154,85159,85164],{},[164,85155,85156,85158],{},[15,85157,14789],{}," changes the comparison rule",[164,85160,85161,85163],{},[15,85162,84001],{}," still returns the original item",[164,85165,85166],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[420,85168,85170],{"id":85169},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85172,85174],{"className":37,"code":85173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85175,85176,85209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85177,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85205,85207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85179,1253],{"class":50},[44,85181,55],{"class":54},[44,85183,59],{"class":58},[44,85185,273],{"class":272},[44,85187,68092],{"class":276},[44,85189,273],{"class":272},[44,85191,66],{"class":58},[44,85193,284],{"class":272},[44,85195,36997],{"class":276},[44,85197,273],{"class":272},[44,85199,66],{"class":58},[44,85201,284],{"class":272},[44,85203,85204],{"class":276},"giraffe",[44,85206,273],{"class":272},[44,85208,72],{"class":58},[44,85210,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85212,128],{"class":127},[44,85214,115],{"class":58},[44,85216,84426],{"class":127},[44,85218,115],{"class":58},[44,85220,1271],{"class":111},[44,85222,66],{"class":58},[44,85224,21530],{"class":9124},[44,85226,55],{"class":54},[44,85228,11112],{"class":127},[44,85230,637],{"class":58},[20,85232,2028],{},[35,85234,85236],{"className":37,"code":85235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85237,85238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85239,85240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85241,85235],{"class":50},[420,85243,85245],{"id":85244},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85247,85249],{"className":37,"code":85248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85250,85251,85261,85296,85328,85360,85364,85368,85407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85252,85253,85256,85258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85254,85255],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85257,55],{"class":54},[44,85259,85260],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,85262,85263,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85287,85289,85291,85293],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85264,85265],{"class":58},"    {",[44,85267,273],{"class":272},[44,85269,7616],{"class":276},[44,85271,273],{"class":272},[44,85273,159],{"class":58},[44,85275,284],{"class":272},[44,85277,12830],{"class":276},[44,85279,273],{"class":272},[44,85281,66],{"class":58},[44,85283,284],{"class":272},[44,85285,85286],{"class":276},"score",[44,85288,273],{"class":272},[44,85290,159],{"class":58},[44,85292,1681],{"class":62},[44,85294,85295],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,85297,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,85299,85265],{"class":58},[44,85301,273],{"class":272},[44,85303,7616],{"class":276},[44,85305,273],{"class":272},[44,85307,159],{"class":58},[44,85309,284],{"class":272},[44,85311,35893],{"class":276},[44,85313,273],{"class":272},[44,85315,66],{"class":58},[44,85317,284],{"class":272},[44,85319,85286],{"class":276},[44,85321,273],{"class":272},[44,85323,159],{"class":58},[44,85325,84887],{"class":62},[44,85327,85295],{"class":58},[44,85329,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85331,85265],{"class":58},[44,85333,273],{"class":272},[44,85335,7616],{"class":276},[44,85337,273],{"class":272},[44,85339,159],{"class":58},[44,85341,284],{"class":272},[44,85343,35902],{"class":276},[44,85345,273],{"class":272},[44,85347,66],{"class":58},[44,85349,284],{"class":272},[44,85351,85286],{"class":276},[44,85353,273],{"class":272},[44,85355,159],{"class":58},[44,85357,19848],{"class":62},[44,85359,9258],{"class":58},[44,85361,85362],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,85363,72],{"class":58},[44,85365,85366],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,85367,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,85369,85370,85373,85375,85378,85380,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,85371,85372],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85374,55],{"class":54},[44,85376,85377],{"class":127}," min",[44,85379,115],{"class":58},[44,85381,85382],{"class":111},"students",[44,85384,66],{"class":58},[44,85386,21530],{"class":9124},[44,85388,55],{"class":54},[44,85390,37610],{"class":2022},[44,85392,12856],{"class":37613},[44,85394,159],{"class":58},[44,85396,12856],{"class":111},[44,85398,3856],{"class":58},[44,85400,273],{"class":272},[44,85402,85286],{"class":276},[44,85404,273],{"class":272},[44,85406,466],{"class":58},[44,85408,85409,85411,85413,85416],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,85410,128],{"class":127},[44,85412,115],{"class":58},[44,85414,85415],{"class":111},"lowest",[44,85417,121],{"class":58},[20,85419,2028],{},[35,85421,85423],{"className":37,"code":85422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85424,85425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85426,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85428,9227],{"class":58},[44,85430,3259],{"class":272},[44,85432,7616],{"class":276},[44,85434,3259],{"class":272},[44,85436,159],{"class":58},[44,85438,3254],{"class":272},[44,85440,35893],{"class":276},[44,85442,3259],{"class":272},[44,85444,66],{"class":58},[44,85446,3254],{"class":272},[44,85448,85286],{"class":276},[44,85450,3259],{"class":272},[44,85452,159],{"class":58},[44,85454,84887],{"class":62},[44,85456,9258],{"class":58},[20,85458,85459,85460,85463],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85461,85462],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85465,582,85467,85469],{"id":85466},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85468,82702],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85471,85472],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85474,85476],{"className":37,"code":85475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85477,85478,85486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85479,85480,85482,85484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85481,51],{"class":50},[44,85483,55],{"class":54},[44,85485,7786],{"class":58},[44,85487,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85489,128],{"class":127},[44,85491,115],{"class":58},[44,85493,84426],{"class":127},[44,85495,115],{"class":58},[44,85497,105],{"class":111},[44,85499,637],{"class":58},[20,85501,2028],{},[35,85503,85505],{"className":37,"code":85504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85506,85507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85508,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85510,40655],{"class":1458},[44,85512,159],{"class":58},[44,85514,85377],{"class":127},[44,85516,7313],{"class":58},[44,85518,83672],{"class":50},[44,85520,12144],{"class":54},[44,85522,83677],{"class":50},[20,85524,85525,85526,159],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85527,82702],{},[35,85529,85531],{"className":37,"code":85530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85532,85533,85541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85534,85535,85537,85539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85536,51],{"class":50},[44,85538,55],{"class":54},[44,85540,7786],{"class":58},[44,85542,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85544,128],{"class":127},[44,85546,115],{"class":58},[44,85548,84426],{"class":127},[44,85550,115],{"class":58},[44,85552,105],{"class":111},[44,85554,66],{"class":58},[44,85556,26474],{"class":9124},[44,85558,55],{"class":54},[44,85560,178],{"class":1582},[44,85562,637],{"class":58},[20,85564,2028],{},[35,85566,85567],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85568,85569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85570,85571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85572,11758],{"class":1582},[20,85574,85575],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85577,85578],{},"Remember:",[161,85580,85581,85589],{},[164,85582,85583,85585,85586,85588],{},[15,85584,82702],{}," works only when ",[15,85587,84001],{}," gets one iterable argument",[164,85590,85591,85592],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85593,85594],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85596,85597,85598,108],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[394,85599,65605],{"href":72644},[30,85601,10694],{"id":10693},[20,85603,56701,85604,108],{},[15,85605,84001],{},[420,85607,85609,85610],{"id":85608},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85611,82702],{},[20,85613,2960,85614,159],{},[15,85615,40655],{},[35,85617,85619],{"className":37,"code":85618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85620,85621,85629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85622,85623,85625,85627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85624,818],{"class":50},[44,85626,55],{"class":54},[44,85628,7786],{"class":58},[44,85630,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85632,128],{"class":127},[44,85634,115],{"class":58},[44,85636,84426],{"class":127},[44,85638,115],{"class":58},[44,85640,835],{"class":111},[44,85642,637],{"class":58},[20,85644,85645],{},"Fix it by:",[161,85647,85648,85651],{},[164,85649,85650],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[164,85652,85653,85654],{},"or using ",[15,85655,82702],{},[35,85657,85659],{"className":37,"code":85658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85660,85661,85669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85662,85663,85665,85667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85664,818],{"class":50},[44,85666,55],{"class":54},[44,85668,7786],{"class":58},[44,85670,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85692,85694],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85672,128],{"class":127},[44,85674,115],{"class":58},[44,85676,84426],{"class":127},[44,85678,115],{"class":58},[44,85680,835],{"class":111},[44,85682,66],{"class":58},[44,85684,26474],{"class":9124},[44,85686,55],{"class":54},[44,85688,273],{"class":272},[44,85690,85691],{"class":276},"no items",[44,85693,273],{"class":272},[44,85695,637],{"class":58},[420,85697,85699],{"id":85698},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85701,85702],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85704,85706],{"className":37,"code":85705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85707,85708,85732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85709,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85711,9114],{"class":50},[44,85713,55],{"class":54},[44,85715,59],{"class":58},[44,85717,2287],{"class":62},[44,85719,66],{"class":58},[44,85721,284],{"class":272},[44,85723,15703],{"class":276},[44,85725,273],{"class":272},[44,85727,66],{"class":58},[44,85729,4557],{"class":62},[44,85731,72],{"class":58},[44,85733,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85735,128],{"class":127},[44,85737,115],{"class":58},[44,85739,84426],{"class":127},[44,85741,115],{"class":58},[44,85743,9153],{"class":111},[44,85745,637],{"class":58},[20,85747,2028],{},[35,85749,85751],{"className":37,"code":85750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85752,85753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85754,85755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85756,85750],{"class":1458},[20,85758,85759],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85761,85762,85763,108],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85764,84001],{},[35,85766,85768],{"className":37,"code":85767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85769,85770,85794,85820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85771,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85773,9114],{"class":50},[44,85775,55],{"class":54},[44,85777,59],{"class":58},[44,85779,2287],{"class":62},[44,85781,66],{"class":58},[44,85783,284],{"class":272},[44,85785,15703],{"class":276},[44,85787,273],{"class":272},[44,85789,66],{"class":58},[44,85791,4557],{"class":62},[44,85793,72],{"class":58},[44,85795,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85797,51],{"class":50},[44,85799,55],{"class":54},[44,85801,59],{"class":58},[44,85803,2145],{"class":1458},[44,85805,115],{"class":58},[44,85807,2130],{"class":111},[44,85809,1476],{"class":58},[44,85811,3833],{"class":3832},[44,85813,3836],{"class":50},[44,85815,3839],{"class":3832},[44,85817,14515],{"class":50},[44,85819,72],{"class":58},[44,85821,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,85823,128],{"class":127},[44,85825,115],{"class":58},[44,85827,84426],{"class":127},[44,85829,115],{"class":58},[44,85831,105],{"class":111},[44,85833,637],{"class":58},[20,85835,2028],{},[35,85837,85838],{"className":37,"code":2906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85839,85840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85841,85842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85843,2906],{"class":62},[20,85845,85846,85847,108],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85848,1424],{},[420,85850,85852],{"id":85851},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85854,85855],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85857,85859],{"className":37,"code":85858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85860,85861,85893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85862,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85864,1253],{"class":50},[44,85866,55],{"class":54},[44,85868,59],{"class":58},[44,85870,273],{"class":272},[44,85872,79326],{"class":276},[44,85874,273],{"class":272},[44,85876,66],{"class":58},[44,85878,284],{"class":272},[44,85880,57691],{"class":276},[44,85882,273],{"class":272},[44,85884,66],{"class":58},[44,85886,284],{"class":272},[44,85888,79343],{"class":276},[44,85890,273],{"class":272},[44,85892,72],{"class":58},[44,85894,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85896,128],{"class":127},[44,85898,115],{"class":58},[44,85900,84426],{"class":127},[44,85902,115],{"class":58},[44,85904,1271],{"class":111},[44,85906,637],{"class":58},[20,85908,2028],{},[35,85910,85911],{"className":37,"code":85122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85912,85913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85914,85915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85916,85122],{"class":50},[20,85918,85919],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85921,85923],{"className":37,"code":85922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85924,85925,85957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85926,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85928,1253],{"class":50},[44,85930,55],{"class":54},[44,85932,59],{"class":58},[44,85934,273],{"class":272},[44,85936,79326],{"class":276},[44,85938,273],{"class":272},[44,85940,66],{"class":58},[44,85942,284],{"class":272},[44,85944,57691],{"class":276},[44,85946,273],{"class":272},[44,85948,66],{"class":58},[44,85950,284],{"class":272},[44,85952,79343],{"class":276},[44,85954,273],{"class":272},[44,85956,72],{"class":58},[44,85958,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,85960,128],{"class":127},[44,85962,115],{"class":58},[44,85964,84426],{"class":127},[44,85966,115],{"class":58},[44,85968,1271],{"class":111},[44,85970,66],{"class":58},[44,85972,21530],{"class":9124},[44,85974,55],{"class":54},[44,85976,3403],{"class":1458},[44,85978,108],{"class":58},[44,85980,8587],{"class":1492},[44,85982,637],{"class":58},[20,85984,2028],{},[35,85986,85987],{"className":37,"code":85122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85988,85989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85990,85991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85992,85122],{"class":50},[20,85994,85995],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,85997,1638,85999],{"id":85998},"when-to-use-min",[15,86000,84001],{},[20,86002,144,86003,10551],{},[15,86004,84001],{},[161,86006,86007,86010,86015],{},[164,86008,86009],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[164,86011,86012,86013],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86014,14789],{},[164,86016,86017],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86019,144,86020,86024],{},[394,86021,86022],{"href":74287},[15,86023,74190],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86026,144,86027,86032],{},[394,86028,86030],{"href":86029},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86031,82347],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,86034,2788],{"id":2787},[20,86036,84006],{},[161,86038,86039,86047,86050,86055,86062],{},[164,86040,86041,86042,86044,86045],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86043,84001],{}," without using ",[15,86046,82702],{},[164,86048,86049],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[164,86051,8399,86052,86054],{},[15,86053,84001],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[164,86056,4657,86057,86059,86060,85163],{},[15,86058,14789],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86061,84001],{},[164,86063,582,86064,86066],{},[15,86065,82702],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86068,86069,86070,86072],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86071,84001],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,86074,86076],{"className":37,"code":86075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86077,86078,86092,86102,86116,86130,86152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86079,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86081,128],{"class":127},[44,86083,115],{"class":58},[44,86085,1459],{"class":1458},[44,86087,115],{"class":58},[44,86089,9153],{"class":111},[44,86091,637],{"class":58},[44,86093,86094,86096,86098,86100],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86095,128],{"class":127},[44,86097,115],{"class":58},[44,86099,9153],{"class":111},[44,86101,121],{"class":58},[44,86103,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86105,128],{"class":127},[44,86107,115],{"class":58},[44,86109,11112],{"class":127},[44,86111,115],{"class":58},[44,86113,9153],{"class":111},[44,86115,637],{"class":58},[44,86117,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86119,128],{"class":127},[44,86121,115],{"class":58},[44,86123,84426],{"class":127},[44,86125,115],{"class":58},[44,86127,9153],{"class":111},[44,86129,637],{"class":58},[44,86131,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,86133,128],{"class":127},[44,86135,115],{"class":58},[44,86137,84426],{"class":127},[44,86139,115],{"class":58},[44,86141,9153],{"class":111},[44,86143,66],{"class":58},[44,86145,26474],{"class":9124},[44,86147,55],{"class":54},[44,86149,178],{"class":1582},[44,86151,637],{"class":58},[44,86153,86154,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,86155,128],{"class":127},[44,86157,115],{"class":58},[44,86159,84426],{"class":127},[44,86161,115],{"class":58},[44,86163,1271],{"class":111},[44,86165,66],{"class":58},[44,86167,21530],{"class":9124},[44,86169,55],{"class":54},[44,86171,11112],{"class":127},[44,86173,637],{"class":58},[20,86175,86176,86177,86180,86181,86183],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86178,86179],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86182,9153],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86185,1757],{"id":1756},[420,86187,5096,86189,5099],{"id":86188},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86190,84001],{},[20,86192,86193],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[420,86195,5124,86197,84182],{"id":86196},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86198,84001],{},[20,86200,86201],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[420,86203,71412],{"id":71411},[20,86205,86206,52444,86208,84194,86210,36571],{},[15,86207,84001],{},[15,86209,40655],{},[15,86211,82702],{},[420,86213,5096,86215,86217,86218,1778],{"id":86214},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86216,14789],{}," do in ",[15,86219,84001],{},[20,86221,86222,86224,86225,86227],{},[15,86223,14789],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86226,83255],{}," compares strings by length.",[420,86229,1773,86231,398,86233,1778],{"id":86230},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86232,84001],{},[15,86234,74190],{},[20,86236,86237,86239,86240,86242],{},[15,86238,84001],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86241,74190],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86244,1821],{"id":1820},[161,86246,86247,86253,86259,86265,86269,86273],{},[164,86248,86249],{},[394,86250,86251,3469],{"href":86029},[15,86252,82347],{},[164,86254,86255],{},[394,86256,86257,3469],{"href":74287},[15,86258,74190],{},[164,86260,86261],{},[394,86262,86263,3469],{"href":42309},[15,86264,42312],{},[164,86266,86267],{},[394,86268,79639],{"href":78142},[164,86270,86271],{},[394,86272,58879],{"href":58878},[164,86274,86275],{},[394,86276,65605],{"href":72644},[1872,86278,86279],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":86281},[86282,86283,86285,86291,86293,86295,86300,86302,86308,86310,86311,86322],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":84485,"depth":75,"text":86284},"What min() does",{"id":84506,"depth":75,"text":84507,"children":86286},[86287,86288,86289,86290],{"id":84591,"depth":95,"text":84594},{"id":84653,"depth":95,"text":84656},{"id":84703,"depth":95,"text":84706},{"id":84797,"depth":95,"text":84800},{"id":84859,"depth":75,"text":86292},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84994,"depth":75,"text":86294},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85141,"depth":75,"text":86296,"children":86297},"Using min() with a key function",[86298,86299],{"id":85169,"depth":95,"text":85170},{"id":85244,"depth":95,"text":85245},{"id":85466,"depth":75,"text":86301},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10693,"depth":75,"text":10694,"children":86303},[86304,86306,86307],{"id":85608,"depth":95,"text":86305},"Empty list without default",{"id":85698,"depth":95,"text":85699},{"id":85851,"depth":95,"text":85852},{"id":85998,"depth":75,"text":86309},"When to use min()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":86312},[86313,86315,86317,86318,86320],{"id":86188,"depth":95,"text":86314},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86196,"depth":95,"text":86316},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71411,"depth":95,"text":71412},{"id":86214,"depth":95,"text":86319},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86230,"depth":95,"text":86321},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84368,"description":86323},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86330,"title":86331,"body":86332,"description":88511,"extension":1921,"meta":88512,"navigation":98,"path":88513,"seo":88514,"stem":88515,"__hash__":88516},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86333,"toc":88475},[86334,86337,86343,86349,86351,86432,86441,86445,86450,86452,86497,86499,86579,86585,86587,86590,86622,86624,86642,86644,86717,86719,86738,86742,86745,86781,86783,86850,86924,86997,87002,87006,87012,87015,87032,87035,87037,87098,87100,87120,87126,87130,87133,87203,87206,87225,87230,87306,87309,87313,87319,87323,87328,87398,87402,87407,87481,87485,87488,87563,87574,87578,87583,87673,87678,87746,87749,87768,87779,87783,87786,87791,87794,87856,87859,87870,87875,87878,87881,87886,87889,87892,87896,87899,87905,87908,87919,87921,87983,87998,88004,88007,88010,88021,88032,88038,88041,88043,88105,88115,88121,88126,88132,88136,88142,88145,88166,88168,88173,88200,88203,88230,88233,88272,88275,88313,88316,88377,88380,88382,88386,88389,88393,88399,88407,88415,88419,88422,88426,88432,88434,88472],[10,86335,86331],{"id":86336},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86338,86339,86342],{},[15,86340,86341],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86344,86345,86346,86348],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86347,86341],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86350,33],{"id":32},[35,86352,86354],{"className":37,"code":86353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86355,86356,86405,86421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86357,86358,86361,86364,86366,86368,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86386,86388,86390,86393,86395,86397,86399,86403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86359,86360],{"class":3832},"with",[44,86362,86363],{"class":127}," open",[44,86365,115],{"class":58},[44,86367,273],{"class":272},[44,86369,86370],{"class":276},"example.txt",[44,86372,273],{"class":272},[44,86374,66],{"class":58},[44,86376,284],{"class":272},[44,86378,60428],{"class":276},[44,86380,273],{"class":272},[44,86382,66],{"class":58},[44,86384,86385],{"class":9124}," encoding",[44,86387,55],{"class":54},[44,86389,273],{"class":272},[44,86391,86392],{"class":276},"utf-8",[44,86394,273],{"class":272},[44,86396,1476],{"class":58},[44,86398,47309],{"class":3832},[44,86400,86402],{"class":86401},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86404,6344],{"class":58},[44,86406,86407,86410,86412,86414,86416,86419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86408,86409],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86411,55],{"class":54},[44,86413,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86415,108],{"class":58},[44,86417,86418],{"class":111},"read",[44,86420,8590],{"class":58},[44,86422,86423,86425,86427,86430],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86424,8017],{"class":127},[44,86426,115],{"class":58},[44,86428,86429],{"class":111},"content",[44,86431,121],{"class":58},[20,86433,144,86434,86436,86437,86440],{},[15,86435,86360],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86438,86439],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86442,86444],{"id":86443},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86446,86447,86449],{},[15,86448,86341],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86451,11408],{},[161,86453,86454,86457,86462,86467],{},[164,86455,86456],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[164,86458,40857,86459,86461],{},[214,86460,4583],{}," read or write anything by itself",[164,86463,17371,86464],{},[214,86465,86466],{},"file object",[164,86468,86469,86470],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[161,86471,86472,86477,86482,86487,86492],{},[164,86473,86474],{},[15,86475,86476],{},"read()",[164,86478,86479],{},[15,86480,86481],{},"readline()",[164,86483,86484],{},[15,86485,86486],{},"readlines()",[164,86488,86489],{},[15,86490,86491],{},"write()",[164,86493,86494],{},[15,86495,86496],{},"close()",[20,86498,2164],{},[35,86500,86502],{"className":37,"code":86501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86503,86504,86543,86558,86568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86505,86506,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86507,86508],{"class":86401},"file",[44,86510,13227],{"class":54},[44,86512,86363],{"class":127},[44,86514,115],{"class":58},[44,86516,273],{"class":272},[44,86518,86370],{"class":276},[44,86520,273],{"class":272},[44,86522,66],{"class":58},[44,86524,284],{"class":272},[44,86526,60428],{"class":276},[44,86528,273],{"class":272},[44,86530,66],{"class":58},[44,86532,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86534,55],{"class":54},[44,86536,273],{"class":272},[44,86538,86392],{"class":276},[44,86540,273],{"class":272},[44,86542,121],{"class":58},[44,86544,86545,86548,86550,86552,86554,86556],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86546,86547],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86549,55],{"class":54},[44,86551,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86553,108],{"class":58},[44,86555,86418],{"class":111},[44,86557,8590],{"class":58},[44,86559,86560,86562,86564,86566],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86561,128],{"class":127},[44,86563,115],{"class":58},[44,86565,86429],{"class":111},[44,86567,121],{"class":58},[44,86569,86570,86572,86574,86577],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86571,86508],{"class":86401},[44,86573,108],{"class":58},[44,86575,86576],{"class":111},"close",[44,86578,8590],{"class":58},[20,86580,86581,86582,86584],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86583,86360],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86586,188],{"id":187},[20,86588,86589],{},"A common form is:",[35,86591,86593],{"className":37,"code":86592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86594,86595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86596,86597,86599,86601,86603,86605,86608,86610,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86598,42378],{"class":127},[44,86600,115],{"class":58},[44,86602,86508],{"class":86401},[44,86604,66],{"class":58},[44,86606,86607],{"class":111}," mode",[44,86609,66],{"class":58},[44,86611,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86613,55],{"class":54},[44,86615,273],{"class":272},[44,86617,86392],{"class":276},[44,86619,273],{"class":272},[44,86621,121],{"class":58},[20,86623,64811],{},[161,86625,86626,86631,86636],{},[164,86627,86628,86630],{},[15,86629,86508],{}," is the file name or file path",[164,86632,86633,86635],{},[15,86634,20869],{}," controls how the file is opened",[164,86637,86638,86641],{},[15,86639,86640],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86643,2164],{},[35,86645,86647],{"className":37,"code":86646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86648,86649,86692,86707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86650,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672,86674,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86652,86360],{"class":3832},[44,86654,86363],{"class":127},[44,86656,115],{"class":58},[44,86658,273],{"class":272},[44,86660,86661],{"class":276},"notes.txt",[44,86663,273],{"class":272},[44,86665,66],{"class":58},[44,86667,284],{"class":272},[44,86669,60428],{"class":276},[44,86671,273],{"class":272},[44,86673,66],{"class":58},[44,86675,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86677,55],{"class":54},[44,86679,273],{"class":272},[44,86681,86392],{"class":276},[44,86683,273],{"class":272},[44,86685,1476],{"class":58},[44,86687,47309],{"class":3832},[44,86689,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86691,6344],{"class":58},[44,86693,86694,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86695,86696],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86698,55],{"class":54},[44,86700,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86702,108],{"class":58},[44,86704,86418],{"class":111},[44,86706,8590],{"class":58},[44,86708,86709,86711,86713,86715],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86710,8017],{"class":127},[44,86712,115],{"class":58},[44,86714,34659],{"class":111},[44,86716,121],{"class":58},[20,86718,19907],{},[161,86720,86721,86727,86732],{},[164,86722,86723,86726],{},[15,86724,86725],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[164,86728,86729,86731],{},[15,86730,86439],{}," means open for reading",[164,86733,86734,86737],{},[15,86735,86736],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86739,86741],{"id":86740},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86743,86744],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[161,86746,86747,86752,86758,86763,86769,86775],{},[164,86748,86749,86751],{},[15,86750,86439],{}," = read a text file",[164,86753,86754,86757],{},[15,86755,86756],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[164,86759,86760,86762],{},[15,86761,18046],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[164,86764,86765,86768],{},[15,86766,86767],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[164,86770,86771,86774],{},[15,86772,86773],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[164,86776,86777,86780],{},[15,86778,86779],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86782,2083],{},[35,86784,86786],{"className":37,"code":86785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86787,86788,86793,86836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86789,86790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86791,86792],{"class":140},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86794,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86796,86360],{"class":3832},[44,86798,86363],{"class":127},[44,86800,115],{"class":58},[44,86802,273],{"class":272},[44,86804,86805],{"class":276},"data.txt",[44,86807,273],{"class":272},[44,86809,66],{"class":58},[44,86811,284],{"class":272},[44,86813,60428],{"class":276},[44,86815,273],{"class":272},[44,86817,66],{"class":58},[44,86819,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86821,55],{"class":54},[44,86823,273],{"class":272},[44,86825,86392],{"class":276},[44,86827,273],{"class":272},[44,86829,1476],{"class":58},[44,86831,47309],{"class":3832},[44,86833,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86835,6344],{"class":58},[44,86837,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86839,8017],{"class":127},[44,86841,115],{"class":58},[44,86843,86508],{"class":86401},[44,86845,108],{"class":58},[44,86847,86418],{"class":111},[44,86849,7141],{"class":58},[35,86851,86853],{"className":37,"code":86852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86854,86855,86860,86902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86856,86857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86858,86859],{"class":140},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86861,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86863,86360],{"class":3832},[44,86865,86363],{"class":127},[44,86867,115],{"class":58},[44,86869,273],{"class":272},[44,86871,86805],{"class":276},[44,86873,273],{"class":272},[44,86875,66],{"class":58},[44,86877,284],{"class":272},[44,86879,60411],{"class":276},[44,86881,273],{"class":272},[44,86883,66],{"class":58},[44,86885,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86887,55],{"class":54},[44,86889,273],{"class":272},[44,86891,86392],{"class":276},[44,86893,273],{"class":272},[44,86895,1476],{"class":58},[44,86897,47309],{"class":3832},[44,86899,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86901,6344],{"class":58},[44,86903,86904,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86920,86922],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86905,86906],{"class":86401},"    file",[44,86908,108],{"class":58},[44,86910,69961],{"class":111},[44,86912,115],{"class":58},[44,86914,273],{"class":272},[44,86916,34818],{"class":276},[44,86918,86919],{"class":34403},"\\n",[44,86921,273],{"class":272},[44,86923,121],{"class":58},[35,86925,86927],{"className":37,"code":86926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86928,86929,86934,86976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86930,86931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86932,86933],{"class":140},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86935,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,86937,86360],{"class":3832},[44,86939,86363],{"class":127},[44,86941,115],{"class":58},[44,86943,273],{"class":272},[44,86945,86805],{"class":276},[44,86947,273],{"class":272},[44,86949,66],{"class":58},[44,86951,284],{"class":272},[44,86953,394],{"class":276},[44,86955,273],{"class":272},[44,86957,66],{"class":58},[44,86959,86385],{"class":9124},[44,86961,55],{"class":54},[44,86963,273],{"class":272},[44,86965,86392],{"class":276},[44,86967,273],{"class":272},[44,86969,1476],{"class":58},[44,86971,47309],{"class":3832},[44,86973,86402],{"class":86401},[44,86975,6344],{"class":58},[44,86977,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86991,86993,86995],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,86979,86906],{"class":86401},[44,86981,108],{"class":58},[44,86983,69961],{"class":111},[44,86985,115],{"class":58},[44,86987,273],{"class":272},[44,86989,86990],{"class":276},"Another line",[44,86992,86919],{"class":34403},[44,86994,273],{"class":272},[44,86996,121],{"class":58},[20,86998,69113,86999,87001],{},[15,87000,86756],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,87003,87005],{"id":87004},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87007,87008,21926,87010,108],{},[15,87009,86341],{},[214,87011,86466],{},[20,87013,87014],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[161,87016,87017,87022,87027],{},[164,87018,87019],{},[15,87020,87021],{},"file.read()",[164,87023,87024],{},[15,87025,87026],{},"file.write()",[164,87028,87029],{},[15,87030,87031],{},"file.close()",[20,87033,87034],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87036,2164],{},[35,87038,87040],{"className":37,"code":87039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87041,87042,87084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87043,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87045,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87047,86363],{"class":127},[44,87049,115],{"class":58},[44,87051,273],{"class":272},[44,87053,86370],{"class":276},[44,87055,273],{"class":272},[44,87057,66],{"class":58},[44,87059,284],{"class":272},[44,87061,60428],{"class":276},[44,87063,273],{"class":272},[44,87065,66],{"class":58},[44,87067,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87069,55],{"class":54},[44,87071,273],{"class":272},[44,87073,86392],{"class":276},[44,87075,273],{"class":272},[44,87077,1476],{"class":58},[44,87079,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87081,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87083,6344],{"class":58},[44,87085,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87087,8017],{"class":127},[44,87089,115],{"class":58},[44,87091,1459],{"class":1458},[44,87093,115],{"class":58},[44,87095,86508],{"class":86401},[44,87097,637],{"class":58},[20,87099,29981],{},[35,87101,87103],{"className":37,"code":87102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87104,87105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87106,87107,87109,87111,87113,87116,87118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87108,3248],{"class":54},[44,87110,3251],{"class":2022},[44,87112,3254],{"class":272},[44,87114,87115],{"class":276},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87117,3259],{"class":272},[44,87119,3262],{"class":54},[20,87121,87122,87123,87125],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87124,86341],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87127,87129],{"id":87128},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87131,87132],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87134,87135],{"className":37,"code":86353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87136,87137,87179,87193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87138,87139,87141,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87140,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87142,86363],{"class":127},[44,87144,115],{"class":58},[44,87146,273],{"class":272},[44,87148,86370],{"class":276},[44,87150,273],{"class":272},[44,87152,66],{"class":58},[44,87154,284],{"class":272},[44,87156,60428],{"class":276},[44,87158,273],{"class":272},[44,87160,66],{"class":58},[44,87162,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87164,55],{"class":54},[44,87166,273],{"class":272},[44,87168,86392],{"class":276},[44,87170,273],{"class":272},[44,87172,1476],{"class":58},[44,87174,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87176,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87178,6344],{"class":58},[44,87180,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87182,86409],{"class":50},[44,87184,55],{"class":54},[44,87186,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87188,108],{"class":58},[44,87190,86418],{"class":111},[44,87192,8590],{"class":58},[44,87194,87195,87197,87199,87201],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87196,8017],{"class":127},[44,87198,115],{"class":58},[44,87200,86429],{"class":111},[44,87202,121],{"class":58},[20,87204,87205],{},"Why this is recommended:",[161,87207,87208,87213,87219,87222],{},[164,87209,87210,87212],{},[15,87211,86360],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[164,87214,87215,87216,87218],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87217,86496],{}," yourself",[164,87220,87221],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[164,87223,87224],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87226,83518,87227,87229],{},[15,87228,86360],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87231,87232],{"className":37,"code":86501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87233,87234,87272,87286,87296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87235,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87237,86508],{"class":86401},[44,87239,13227],{"class":54},[44,87241,86363],{"class":127},[44,87243,115],{"class":58},[44,87245,273],{"class":272},[44,87247,86370],{"class":276},[44,87249,273],{"class":272},[44,87251,66],{"class":58},[44,87253,284],{"class":272},[44,87255,60428],{"class":276},[44,87257,273],{"class":272},[44,87259,66],{"class":58},[44,87261,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87263,55],{"class":54},[44,87265,273],{"class":272},[44,87267,86392],{"class":276},[44,87269,273],{"class":272},[44,87271,121],{"class":58},[44,87273,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87275,86547],{"class":50},[44,87277,55],{"class":54},[44,87279,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87281,108],{"class":58},[44,87283,86418],{"class":111},[44,87285,8590],{"class":58},[44,87287,87288,87290,87292,87294],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87289,128],{"class":127},[44,87291,115],{"class":58},[44,87293,86429],{"class":111},[44,87295,121],{"class":58},[44,87297,87298,87300,87302,87304],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87299,86508],{"class":86401},[44,87301,108],{"class":58},[44,87303,86576],{"class":111},[44,87305,8590],{"class":58},[20,87307,87308],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87310,87312],{"id":87311},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87314,87315,87316,87318],{},"Use mode ",[15,87317,86439],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[420,87320,87322],{"id":87321},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87324,87325,87327],{},[15,87326,86476],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87329,87330],{"className":37,"code":86353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87331,87332,87374,87388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87333,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87335,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87337,86363],{"class":127},[44,87339,115],{"class":58},[44,87341,273],{"class":272},[44,87343,86370],{"class":276},[44,87345,273],{"class":272},[44,87347,66],{"class":58},[44,87349,284],{"class":272},[44,87351,60428],{"class":276},[44,87353,273],{"class":272},[44,87355,66],{"class":58},[44,87357,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87359,55],{"class":54},[44,87361,273],{"class":272},[44,87363,86392],{"class":276},[44,87365,273],{"class":272},[44,87367,1476],{"class":58},[44,87369,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87371,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87373,6344],{"class":58},[44,87375,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87377,86409],{"class":50},[44,87379,55],{"class":54},[44,87381,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87383,108],{"class":58},[44,87385,86418],{"class":111},[44,87387,8590],{"class":58},[44,87389,87390,87392,87394,87396],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87391,8017],{"class":127},[44,87393,115],{"class":58},[44,87395,86429],{"class":111},[44,87397,121],{"class":58},[420,87399,87401],{"id":87400},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87403,87404,87406],{},[15,87405,86481],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87408,87410],{"className":37,"code":87409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87411,87412,87454,87470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87413,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87415,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87417,86363],{"class":127},[44,87419,115],{"class":58},[44,87421,273],{"class":272},[44,87423,86370],{"class":276},[44,87425,273],{"class":272},[44,87427,66],{"class":58},[44,87429,284],{"class":272},[44,87431,60428],{"class":276},[44,87433,273],{"class":272},[44,87435,66],{"class":58},[44,87437,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87439,55],{"class":54},[44,87441,273],{"class":272},[44,87443,86392],{"class":276},[44,87445,273],{"class":272},[44,87447,1476],{"class":58},[44,87449,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87451,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87453,6344],{"class":58},[44,87455,87456,87459,87461,87463,87465,87468],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87457,87458],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87460,55],{"class":54},[44,87462,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87464,108],{"class":58},[44,87466,87467],{"class":111},"readline",[44,87469,8590],{"class":58},[44,87471,87472,87474,87476,87479],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87473,8017],{"class":127},[44,87475,115],{"class":58},[44,87477,87478],{"class":111},"first_line",[44,87480,121],{"class":58},[420,87482,87484],{"id":87483},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87486,87487],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87489,87491],{"className":37,"code":87490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87492,87493,87535,87549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87494,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87496,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87498,86363],{"class":127},[44,87500,115],{"class":58},[44,87502,273],{"class":272},[44,87504,86370],{"class":276},[44,87506,273],{"class":272},[44,87508,66],{"class":58},[44,87510,284],{"class":272},[44,87512,60428],{"class":276},[44,87514,273],{"class":272},[44,87516,66],{"class":58},[44,87518,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87520,55],{"class":54},[44,87522,273],{"class":272},[44,87524,86392],{"class":276},[44,87526,273],{"class":272},[44,87528,1476],{"class":58},[44,87530,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87532,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87534,6344],{"class":58},[44,87536,87537,87540,87543,87545,87547],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87538,87539],{"class":3832},"    for",[44,87541,87542],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87544,3839],{"class":3832},[44,87546,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87548,6344],{"class":58},[44,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87552,47289],{"class":127},[44,87554,115],{"class":58},[44,87556,46],{"class":111},[44,87558,108],{"class":58},[44,87560,8581],{"class":111},[44,87562,7141],{"class":58},[20,87564,87565,87566,2837,87570,108],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[394,87567,87569],{"href":87568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[394,87571,87573],{"href":87572},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87575,87577],{"id":87576},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87579,144,87580,87582],{},[15,87581,86756],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87584,87586],{"className":37,"code":87585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87587,87588,87631,87652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87589,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87591,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87593,86363],{"class":127},[44,87595,115],{"class":58},[44,87597,273],{"class":272},[44,87599,87600],{"class":276},"output.txt",[44,87602,273],{"class":272},[44,87604,66],{"class":58},[44,87606,284],{"class":272},[44,87608,60411],{"class":276},[44,87610,273],{"class":272},[44,87612,66],{"class":58},[44,87614,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87616,55],{"class":54},[44,87618,273],{"class":272},[44,87620,86392],{"class":276},[44,87622,273],{"class":272},[44,87624,1476],{"class":58},[44,87626,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87628,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87630,6344],{"class":58},[44,87632,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643,87646,87648,87650],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87634,86906],{"class":86401},[44,87636,108],{"class":58},[44,87638,69961],{"class":111},[44,87640,115],{"class":58},[44,87642,273],{"class":272},[44,87644,87645],{"class":276},"First line",[44,87647,86919],{"class":34403},[44,87649,273],{"class":272},[44,87651,121],{"class":58},[44,87653,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87667,87669,87671],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,87655,86906],{"class":86401},[44,87657,108],{"class":58},[44,87659,69961],{"class":111},[44,87661,115],{"class":58},[44,87663,273],{"class":272},[44,87665,87666],{"class":276},"Second line",[44,87668,86919],{"class":34403},[44,87670,273],{"class":272},[44,87672,121],{"class":58},[20,87674,144,87675,87677],{},[15,87676,18046],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87679,87681],{"className":37,"code":87680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87682,87683,87725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87684,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87686,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87688,86363],{"class":127},[44,87690,115],{"class":58},[44,87692,273],{"class":272},[44,87694,87600],{"class":276},[44,87696,273],{"class":272},[44,87698,66],{"class":58},[44,87700,284],{"class":272},[44,87702,394],{"class":276},[44,87704,273],{"class":272},[44,87706,66],{"class":58},[44,87708,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87710,55],{"class":54},[44,87712,273],{"class":272},[44,87714,86392],{"class":276},[44,87716,273],{"class":272},[44,87718,1476],{"class":58},[44,87720,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87722,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87724,6344],{"class":58},[44,87726,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87740,87742,87744],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87728,86906],{"class":86401},[44,87730,108],{"class":58},[44,87732,69961],{"class":111},[44,87734,115],{"class":58},[44,87736,273],{"class":272},[44,87738,87739],{"class":276},"Third line",[44,87741,86919],{"class":34403},[44,87743,273],{"class":272},[44,87745,121],{"class":58},[20,87747,87748],{},"Important detail:",[161,87750,87751,87756,87763],{},[164,87752,87753,87755],{},[15,87754,86491],{}," writes a string",[164,87757,87758,14002,87760,87762],{},[15,87759,86491],{},[214,87761,4583],{}," add a newline for you",[164,87764,87765,87766,87218],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87767,86919],{},[20,87769,87770,87771,2837,87775,108],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[394,87772,87774],{"href":87773},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[394,87776,87778],{"href":87777},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87780,87782],{"id":87781},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87784,87785],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[420,87787,87789],{"id":87788},"encodingutf-8",[15,87790,86736],{},[20,87792,87793],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87795,87797],{"className":37,"code":87796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87798,87799,87842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87800,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87802,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87804,86363],{"class":127},[44,87806,115],{"class":58},[44,87808,273],{"class":272},[44,87810,87811],{"class":276},"message.txt",[44,87813,273],{"class":272},[44,87815,66],{"class":58},[44,87817,284],{"class":272},[44,87819,60428],{"class":276},[44,87821,273],{"class":272},[44,87823,66],{"class":58},[44,87825,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87827,55],{"class":54},[44,87829,273],{"class":272},[44,87831,86392],{"class":276},[44,87833,273],{"class":272},[44,87835,1476],{"class":58},[44,87837,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87839,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87841,6344],{"class":58},[44,87843,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87845,8017],{"class":127},[44,87847,115],{"class":58},[44,87849,86508],{"class":86401},[44,87851,108],{"class":58},[44,87853,86418],{"class":111},[44,87855,7141],{"class":58},[20,87857,87858],{},"Why it matters:",[161,87860,87861,87864,87867],{},[164,87862,87863],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[164,87865,87866],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[164,87868,87869],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[420,87871,87873],{"id":87872},"newline",[15,87874,87872],{},[20,87876,87877],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87879,87880],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[420,87882,87884],{"id":87883},"buffering",[15,87885,87883],{},[20,87887,87888],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87890,87891],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,87893,87895],{"id":87894},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87897,87898],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[420,87900,87902],{"id":87901},"filenotfounderror",[15,87903,87904],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87906,87907],{},"This happens when:",[161,87909,87910,87913,87916],{},[164,87911,87912],{},"the file does not exist",[164,87914,87915],{},"the path is wrong",[164,87917,87918],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87920,2164],{},[35,87922,87924],{"className":37,"code":87923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87925,87926,87969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87927,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87929,86360],{"class":3832},[44,87931,86363],{"class":127},[44,87933,115],{"class":58},[44,87935,273],{"class":272},[44,87937,87938],{"class":276},"missing.txt",[44,87940,273],{"class":272},[44,87942,66],{"class":58},[44,87944,284],{"class":272},[44,87946,60428],{"class":276},[44,87948,273],{"class":272},[44,87950,66],{"class":58},[44,87952,86385],{"class":9124},[44,87954,55],{"class":54},[44,87956,273],{"class":272},[44,87958,86392],{"class":276},[44,87960,273],{"class":272},[44,87962,1476],{"class":58},[44,87964,47309],{"class":3832},[44,87966,86402],{"class":86401},[44,87968,6344],{"class":58},[44,87970,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,87972,8017],{"class":127},[44,87974,115],{"class":58},[44,87976,86508],{"class":86401},[44,87978,108],{"class":58},[44,87980,86418],{"class":111},[44,87982,7141],{"class":58},[20,87984,87985,87986,398,87994,108],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[394,87987,87989,87990,87993],{"href":87988},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87991,87992],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[394,87995,87997],{"href":87996},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[420,87999,88001],{"id":88000},"permissionerror",[15,88002,88003],{},"PermissionError",[20,88005,88006],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88008,88009],{},"Example causes:",[161,88011,88012,88015,88018],{},[164,88013,88014],{},"the file is protected",[164,88016,88017],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[164,88019,88020],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88022,88023,88024],{},"Related page: ",[394,88025,88027,88028,88031],{"href":88026},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,88029,88030],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[420,88033,88035],{"id":88034},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88036,88037],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88039,88040],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88042,2164],{},[35,88044,88046],{"className":37,"code":88045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88047,88048,88091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88049,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88051,86360],{"class":3832},[44,88053,86363],{"class":127},[44,88055,115],{"class":58},[44,88057,273],{"class":272},[44,88059,88060],{"class":276},"my_folder",[44,88062,273],{"class":272},[44,88064,66],{"class":58},[44,88066,284],{"class":272},[44,88068,60428],{"class":276},[44,88070,273],{"class":272},[44,88072,66],{"class":58},[44,88074,86385],{"class":9124},[44,88076,55],{"class":54},[44,88078,273],{"class":272},[44,88080,86392],{"class":276},[44,88082,273],{"class":272},[44,88084,1476],{"class":58},[44,88086,47309],{"class":3832},[44,88088,86402],{"class":86401},[44,88090,6344],{"class":58},[44,88092,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88094,8017],{"class":127},[44,88096,115],{"class":58},[44,88098,86508],{"class":86401},[44,88100,108],{"class":58},[44,88102,86418],{"class":111},[44,88104,7141],{"class":58},[20,88106,88023,88107],{},[394,88108,88110,88111,88114],{"href":88109},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88112,88113],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[420,88116,88118],{"id":88117},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88119,88120],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88122,88123,88124,108],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88125,86341],{},[20,88127,88023,88128],{},[394,88129,88131],{"href":88130},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88133,88135],{"id":88134},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88137,88138,88139,88141],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88140,86341],{}," function.",[20,88143,88144],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[161,88146,88147,88150,88153,88159],{},[164,88148,88149],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[164,88151,88152],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[164,88154,88155,88156,88158],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88157,86341],{}," itself",[164,88160,88161,88162],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[394,88163,88165],{"href":88164},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88167,2788],{"id":2787},[20,88169,88170,88171,159],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88172,86341],{},[161,88174,88175,88180,88186,88191,88194,88197],{},[164,88176,582,88177,88179],{},[15,88178,86439],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[164,88181,88182,88183,88185],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88184,86640],{}," for text files",[164,88187,582,88188,88190],{},[15,88189,86756],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[164,88192,88193],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[164,88195,88196],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[164,88198,88199],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88201,88202],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88204,88206],{"className":37,"code":88205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88207,88208,88215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88209,88210,88212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88211,35042],{"class":3832},[44,88213,88214],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88216,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88228],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88218,128],{"class":127},[44,88220,115],{"class":58},[44,88222,42577],{"class":111},[44,88224,108],{"class":58},[44,88226,88227],{"class":111},"getcwd",[44,88229,7141],{"class":58},[20,88231,88232],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88234,88236],{"className":37,"code":88235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88237,88238,88244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88239,88240,88242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88241,35042],{"class":3832},[44,88243,88214],{"class":50},[44,88245,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88257,88259,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88247,128],{"class":127},[44,88249,115],{"class":58},[44,88251,42577],{"class":111},[44,88253,108],{"class":58},[44,88255,88256],{"class":1492},"path",[44,88258,108],{"class":58},[44,88260,88261],{"class":111},"exists",[44,88263,115],{"class":58},[44,88265,273],{"class":272},[44,88267,86370],{"class":276},[44,88269,273],{"class":272},[44,88271,637],{"class":58},[20,88273,88274],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88276,88278],{"className":37,"code":88277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88279,88280,88286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88281,88282,88284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88283,35042],{"class":3832},[44,88285,88214],{"class":50},[44,88287,88288,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88303,88305,88307,88309,88311],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88289,128],{"class":127},[44,88291,115],{"class":58},[44,88293,42577],{"class":111},[44,88295,108],{"class":58},[44,88297,88256],{"class":1492},[44,88299,108],{"class":58},[44,88301,88302],{"class":111},"isfile",[44,88304,115],{"class":58},[44,88306,273],{"class":272},[44,88308,86370],{"class":276},[44,88310,273],{"class":272},[44,88312,637],{"class":58},[20,88314,88315],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88317,88319],{"className":37,"code":88318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88320,88321,88363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88322,88323,88325,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88349,88351,88353,88355,88357,88359,88361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88324,86360],{"class":3832},[44,88326,86363],{"class":127},[44,88328,115],{"class":58},[44,88330,273],{"class":272},[44,88332,86370],{"class":276},[44,88334,273],{"class":272},[44,88336,66],{"class":58},[44,88338,284],{"class":272},[44,88340,60428],{"class":276},[44,88342,273],{"class":272},[44,88344,66],{"class":58},[44,88346,86385],{"class":9124},[44,88348,55],{"class":54},[44,88350,273],{"class":272},[44,88352,86392],{"class":276},[44,88354,273],{"class":272},[44,88356,1476],{"class":58},[44,88358,47309],{"class":3832},[44,88360,86402],{"class":86401},[44,88362,6344],{"class":58},[44,88364,88365,88367,88369,88371,88373,88375],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88366,8017],{"class":127},[44,88368,115],{"class":58},[44,88370,86508],{"class":86401},[44,88372,108],{"class":58},[44,88374,86418],{"class":111},[44,88376,7141],{"class":58},[20,88378,88379],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88381,1757],{"id":1756},[420,88383,88385],{"id":88384},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88387,88388],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[420,88390,88392],{"id":88391},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88394,88395,88396,88398],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88397,86360],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[420,88400,1773,88402,398,88404,88406],{"id":88401},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88403,86756],{},[15,88405,18046],{}," mode?",[20,88408,88409,88411,88412,88414],{},[15,88410,86756],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88413,18046],{}," adds new content to the end.",[420,88416,88418],{"id":88417},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88420,88421],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[420,88423,88425],{"id":88424},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88427,88428,88429,88431],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88430,86736],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88433,1821],{"id":1820},[161,88435,88436,88440,88444,88448,88452,88456,88460,88466],{},[164,88437,88438],{},[394,88439,87569],{"href":87568},[164,88441,88442],{},[394,88443,87774],{"href":87773},[164,88445,88446],{},[394,88447,87778],{"href":87777},[164,88449,88450],{},[394,88451,87573],{"href":87572},[164,88453,88454],{},[394,88455,88165],{"href":88164},[164,88457,88458],{},[394,88459,87997],{"href":87996},[164,88461,88462],{},[394,88463,87989,88464,87993],{"href":87988},[44,88465,87992],{},[164,88467,88468],{},[394,88469,88027,88470,88031],{"href":88026},[44,88471,88030],{},[1872,88473,88474],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":88476},[88477,88478,88479,88480,88481,88482,88483,88488,88489,88494,88500,88501,88502,88510],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":86443,"depth":75,"text":86444},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":86740,"depth":75,"text":86741},{"id":87004,"depth":75,"text":87005},{"id":87128,"depth":75,"text":87129},{"id":87311,"depth":75,"text":87312,"children":88484},[88485,88486,88487],{"id":87321,"depth":95,"text":87322},{"id":87400,"depth":95,"text":87401},{"id":87483,"depth":95,"text":87484},{"id":87576,"depth":75,"text":87577},{"id":87781,"depth":75,"text":87782,"children":88490},[88491,88492,88493],{"id":87788,"depth":95,"text":86736},{"id":87872,"depth":95,"text":87872},{"id":87883,"depth":95,"text":87883},{"id":87894,"depth":75,"text":87895,"children":88495},[88496,88497,88498,88499],{"id":87901,"depth":95,"text":87904},{"id":88000,"depth":95,"text":88003},{"id":88034,"depth":95,"text":88037},{"id":88117,"depth":95,"text":88120},{"id":88134,"depth":75,"text":88135},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":88503},[88504,88505,88506,88508,88509],{"id":88384,"depth":95,"text":88385},{"id":88391,"depth":95,"text":88392},{"id":88401,"depth":95,"text":88507},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88417,"depth":95,"text":88418},{"id":88424,"depth":95,"text":88425},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86331,"description":88511},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88518,"title":88519,"body":88520,"description":90515,"extension":1921,"meta":90516,"navigation":98,"path":90517,"seo":90518,"stem":90519,"__hash__":90520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88521,"toc":90462},[88522,88527,88532,88538,88540,88608,88610,88629,88634,88639,88644,88647,88659,88661,88704,88706,88724,88735,88737,88739,88764,88766,88777,88779,88839,88841,88867,88870,88874,88879,88883,88886,88920,88924,88927,88952,88956,88979,88983,89016,89021,89025,89030,89033,89101,89103,89127,89132,89135,89166,89168,89200,89217,89221,89226,89250,89257,89262,89267,89270,89274,89309,89311,89320,89324,89415,89417,89448,89453,89460,89465,89474,89477,89511,89513,89527,89531,89572,89574,89583,89587,89635,89637,89651,89656,89667,89674,89680,89682,89717,89719,89733,89736,89758,89764,89793,89804,89810,89816,89830,89832,89911,89913,89963,89970,89972,89977,89981,89984,89999,90004,90006,90025,90031,90034,90049,90051,90069,90075,90080,90110,90113,90136,90139,90166,90173,90179,90187,90210,90215,90223,90225,90245,90249,90255,90305,90308,90330,90332,90338,90346,90352,90358,90366,90371,90375,90378,90401,90406,90413,90425,90427,90459],[10,88523,3536,88525,3540],{"id":88524},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88526,46403],{},[20,88528,32268,88529,88531],{},[15,88530,46403],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88533,88534,88535,88537],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88536,46403],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88539,33],{"id":32},[35,88541,88543],{"className":37,"code":88542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88544,88545,88557,88566,88570,88580,88590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88546,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88548,7824],{"class":50},[44,88550,55],{"class":54},[44,88552,284],{"class":272},[44,88554,7869],{"class":276},[44,88556,3318],{"class":272},[44,88558,88559,88561,88563],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88560,21579],{"class":50},[44,88562,55],{"class":54},[44,88564,88565],{"class":62}," 12\n",[44,88567,88568],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88569,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,88571,88572,88574,88576,88578],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88573,128],{"class":127},[44,88575,115],{"class":58},[44,88577,7616],{"class":111},[44,88579,121],{"class":58},[44,88581,88582,88584,88586,88588],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,88583,128],{"class":127},[44,88585,115],{"class":58},[44,88587,9248],{"class":111},[44,88589,121],{"class":58},[44,88591,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604,88606],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,88593,128],{"class":127},[44,88595,115],{"class":58},[44,88597,273],{"class":272},[44,88599,34818],{"class":276},[44,88601,273],{"class":272},[44,88603,66],{"class":58},[44,88605,35944],{"class":111},[44,88607,121],{"class":58},[20,88609,2028],{},[35,88611,88613],{"className":37,"code":88612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88614,88615,88620,88624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88616,88617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88618,88619],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88621,88622],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88623,2182],{"class":62},[44,88625,88626],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88627,88628],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88630,144,88631,88633],{},[15,88632,46403],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88635,151,88637,154],{"id":88636},"what-print-does",[15,88638,46403],{},[20,88640,88641,88643],{},[15,88642,46403],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88645,88646],{},"You can use it to display:",[161,88648,88649,88651,88653,88656],{},[164,88650,34659],{},[164,88652,105],{},[164,88654,88655],{},"variables",[164,88657,88658],{},"expressions",[20,88660,2164],{},[35,88662,88664],{"className":37,"code":88663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88665,88666,88680,88690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88667,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88669,128],{"class":127},[44,88671,115],{"class":58},[44,88673,273],{"class":272},[44,88675,34818],{"class":276},[44,88677,273],{"class":272},[44,88679,121],{"class":58},[44,88681,88682,88684,88686,88688],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88683,128],{"class":127},[44,88685,115],{"class":58},[44,88687,1410],{"class":62},[44,88689,121],{"class":58},[44,88691,88692,88694,88696,88698,88700,88702],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88693,128],{"class":127},[44,88695,115],{"class":58},[44,88697,801],{"class":62},[44,88699,2411],{"class":54},[44,88701,2408],{"class":62},[44,88703,121],{"class":58},[20,88705,2028],{},[35,88707,88709],{"className":37,"code":88708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88710,88711,88716,88720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88712,88713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88714,88715],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88717,88718],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88719,2906],{"class":62},[44,88721,88722],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88723,2906],{"class":62},[20,88725,88726,88727,88729,88730,88734],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88728,46403],{}," ",[214,88731,3650,88732],{},[15,88733,178],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88736,188],{"id":187},[20,88738,30676],{},[35,88740,88742],{"className":37,"code":88741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88743,88744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88745,88746,88748,88750,88753,88755,88758,88760,88762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88747,128],{"class":127},[44,88749,115],{"class":58},[44,88751,88752],{"class":111},"object1",[44,88754,66],{"class":58},[44,88756,88757],{"class":111}," object2",[44,88759,66],{"class":58},[44,88761,34404],{"class":127},[44,88763,121],{"class":58},[20,88765,79969],{},[161,88767,88768,88771,88774],{},[164,88769,88770],{},"one value",[164,88772,88773],{},"many values",[164,88775,88776],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88778,2164],{},[35,88780,88782],{"className":37,"code":88781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88783,88784,88798,88817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88785,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88787,128],{"class":127},[44,88789,115],{"class":58},[44,88791,273],{"class":272},[44,88793,57691],{"class":276},[44,88795,273],{"class":272},[44,88797,121],{"class":58},[44,88799,88800,88802,88804,88806,88809,88811,88813,88815],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88801,128],{"class":127},[44,88803,115],{"class":58},[44,88805,273],{"class":272},[44,88807,88808],{"class":276},"Score:",[44,88810,273],{"class":272},[44,88812,66],{"class":58},[44,88814,5956],{"class":62},[44,88816,121],{"class":58},[44,88818,88819,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835,88837],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88820,128],{"class":127},[44,88822,115],{"class":58},[44,88824,273],{"class":272},[44,88826,45514],{"class":276},[44,88828,273],{"class":272},[44,88830,66],{"class":58},[44,88832,90],{"class":62},[44,88834,2411],{"class":54},[44,88836,37594],{"class":62},[44,88838,121],{"class":58},[20,88840,2028],{},[35,88842,88844],{"className":37,"code":88843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88845,88846,88850,88859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88847,88848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88849,85122],{"class":50},[44,88851,88852,88855,88857],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88853,88854],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88856,159],{"class":58},[44,88858,2544],{"class":62},[44,88860,88861,88863,88865],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,88862,45554],{"class":50},[44,88864,159],{"class":58},[44,88866,2544],{"class":62},[20,88868,88869],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,88871,88873],{"id":88872},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88875,88876,88877,108],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88878,46403],{},[420,88880,88882],{"id":88881},"print-text","Print text",[20,88884,88885],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88887,88889],{"className":37,"code":88888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88890,88891,88905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88892,88893,88895,88897,88899,88901,88903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88894,128],{"class":127},[44,88896,115],{"class":58},[44,88898,273],{"class":272},[44,88900,34818],{"class":276},[44,88902,273],{"class":272},[44,88904,121],{"class":58},[44,88906,88907,88909,88911,88913,88916,88918],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88908,128],{"class":127},[44,88910,115],{"class":58},[44,88912,273],{"class":272},[44,88914,88915],{"class":276},"Python is fun",[44,88917,273],{"class":272},[44,88919,121],{"class":58},[420,88921,88923],{"id":88922},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88925,88926],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88928,88930],{"className":37,"code":88929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88931,88932,88942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88933,88934,88936,88938,88940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88935,128],{"class":127},[44,88937,115],{"class":58},[44,88939,1410],{"class":62},[44,88941,121],{"class":58},[44,88943,88944,88946,88948,88950],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88945,128],{"class":127},[44,88947,115],{"class":58},[44,88949,40094],{"class":62},[44,88951,121],{"class":58},[420,88953,88955],{"id":88954},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88957,88959],{"className":37,"code":88958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88960,88961,88969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88962,88963,88965,88967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88964,5049],{"class":50},[44,88966,55],{"class":54},[44,88968,14079],{"class":62},[44,88970,88971,88973,88975,88977],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,88972,128],{"class":127},[44,88974,115],{"class":58},[44,88976,85286],{"class":111},[44,88978,121],{"class":58},[420,88980,88982],{"id":88981},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88984,88986],{"className":37,"code":88985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88987,88988,89002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88989,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998,89000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88991,128],{"class":127},[44,88993,115],{"class":58},[44,88995,801],{"class":62},[44,88997,2411],{"class":54},[44,88999,2408],{"class":62},[44,89001,121],{"class":58},[44,89003,89004,89006,89008,89010,89012,89014],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89005,128],{"class":127},[44,89007,115],{"class":58},[44,89009,2287],{"class":62},[44,89011,82598],{"class":54},[44,89013,90],{"class":62},[44,89015,121],{"class":58},[20,89017,89018,89019,108],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[394,89020,50927],{"href":50926},[30,89022,89024],{"id":89023},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89026,89027,89029],{},[15,89028,46403],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89031,89032],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,89034,89036],{"className":37,"code":89035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89037,89038,89051,89059,89063,89082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89039,89040,89042,89044,89046,89049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89041,7824],{"class":50},[44,89043,55],{"class":54},[44,89045,284],{"class":272},[44,89047,89048],{"class":276},"Ava",[44,89050,3318],{"class":272},[44,89052,89053,89055,89057],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89054,21579],{"class":50},[44,89056,55],{"class":54},[44,89058,2544],{"class":62},[44,89060,89061],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,89062,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,89064,89065,89067,89069,89071,89074,89076,89078,89080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89066,128],{"class":127},[44,89068,115],{"class":58},[44,89070,273],{"class":272},[44,89072,89073],{"class":276},"Name:",[44,89075,273],{"class":272},[44,89077,66],{"class":58},[44,89079,35944],{"class":111},[44,89081,121],{"class":58},[44,89083,89084,89086,89088,89090,89093,89095,89097,89099],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,89085,128],{"class":127},[44,89087,115],{"class":58},[44,89089,273],{"class":272},[44,89091,89092],{"class":276},"Age:",[44,89094,273],{"class":272},[44,89096,66],{"class":58},[44,89098,9137],{"class":111},[44,89100,121],{"class":58},[20,89102,2028],{},[35,89104,89106],{"className":37,"code":89105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89107,89108,89118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89109,89110,89113,89115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89111,89112],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89114,159],{"class":58},[44,89116,89117],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89119,89120,89123,89125],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89121,89122],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89124,159],{"class":58},[44,89126,2544],{"class":62},[20,89128,89129,89130,108],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89131,2017],{},[20,89133,89134],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89136,89138],{"className":37,"code":89137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89139,89140,89148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89141,89142,89144,89146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89143,21579],{"class":50},[44,89145,55],{"class":54},[44,89147,2544],{"class":62},[44,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89151,128],{"class":127},[44,89153,115],{"class":58},[44,89155,273],{"class":272},[44,89157,89092],{"class":276},[44,89159,273],{"class":272},[44,89161,66],{"class":58},[44,89163,9137],{"class":111},[44,89165,121],{"class":58},[20,89167,36876],{},[35,89169,89171],{"className":37,"code":89170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89172,89173,89181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89174,89175,89177,89179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89176,21579],{"class":50},[44,89178,55],{"class":54},[44,89180,2544],{"class":62},[44,89182,89183,89185,89187,89189,89192,89194,89196,89198],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89184,128],{"class":127},[44,89186,115],{"class":58},[44,89188,273],{"class":272},[44,89190,89191],{"class":276},"Age: ",[44,89193,273],{"class":272},[44,89195,2411],{"class":54},[44,89197,9137],{"class":111},[44,89199,121],{"class":58},[20,89201,89202,89203,89206,89207,89209,89210,89212,89213,108],{},"That fails because ",[15,89204,89205],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89208,9248],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89211,2017],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[394,89214,89215],{"href":42126},[15,89216,47635],{},[30,89218,89220],{"id":89219},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89222,89223,89225],{},[15,89224,46403],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[161,89227,89228,89234,89239,89244],{},[164,89229,89230,89233],{},[15,89231,89232],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[164,89235,89236,89238],{},[15,89237,52608],{}," controls what is added after the output",[164,89240,89241,89243],{},[15,89242,86508],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[164,89245,89246,89249],{},[15,89247,89248],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89251,89252,89253,398,89255,108],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89254,89232],{},[15,89256,52608],{},[30,89258,89260,36565],{"id":89259},"sep-argument",[15,89261,89232],{},[20,89263,1938,89264,89266],{},[15,89265,89232],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89268,89269],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[420,89271,89273],{"id":89272},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89275,89277],{"className":37,"code":89276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89278,89279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89280,89281,89283,89285,89287,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305,89307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89282,128],{"class":127},[44,89284,115],{"class":58},[44,89286,273],{"class":272},[44,89288,13043],{"class":276},[44,89290,273],{"class":272},[44,89292,66],{"class":58},[44,89294,284],{"class":272},[44,89296,17405],{"class":276},[44,89298,273],{"class":272},[44,89300,66],{"class":58},[44,89302,284],{"class":272},[44,89304,13060],{"class":276},[44,89306,273],{"class":272},[44,89308,121],{"class":58},[20,89310,2028],{},[35,89312,89314],{"className":37,"code":89313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89315,89316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89317,89318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89319,89313],{"class":50},[420,89321,89323],{"id":89322},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89325,89327],{"className":37,"code":89326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89328,89329,89372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89330,89331,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345,89347,89349,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89332,128],{"class":127},[44,89334,115],{"class":58},[44,89336,273],{"class":272},[44,89338,13043],{"class":276},[44,89340,273],{"class":272},[44,89342,66],{"class":58},[44,89344,284],{"class":272},[44,89346,17405],{"class":276},[44,89348,273],{"class":272},[44,89350,66],{"class":58},[44,89352,284],{"class":272},[44,89354,13060],{"class":276},[44,89356,273],{"class":272},[44,89358,66],{"class":58},[44,89360,89361],{"class":9124}," sep",[44,89363,55],{"class":54},[44,89365,273],{"class":272},[44,89367,66],{"class":276},[44,89369,273],{"class":272},[44,89371,121],{"class":58},[44,89373,89374,89376,89378,89380,89382,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394,89396,89398,89400,89402,89404,89406,89408,89411,89413],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89375,128],{"class":127},[44,89377,115],{"class":58},[44,89379,273],{"class":272},[44,89381,13043],{"class":276},[44,89383,273],{"class":272},[44,89385,66],{"class":58},[44,89387,284],{"class":272},[44,89389,17405],{"class":276},[44,89391,273],{"class":272},[44,89393,66],{"class":58},[44,89395,284],{"class":272},[44,89397,13060],{"class":276},[44,89399,273],{"class":272},[44,89401,66],{"class":58},[44,89403,89361],{"class":9124},[44,89405,55],{"class":54},[44,89407,273],{"class":272},[44,89409,89410],{"class":276}," - ",[44,89412,273],{"class":272},[44,89414,121],{"class":58},[20,89416,2028],{},[35,89418,89420],{"className":37,"code":89419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89421,89422,89434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89423,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89425,13043],{"class":50},[44,89427,66],{"class":58},[44,89429,17405],{"class":50},[44,89431,66],{"class":58},[44,89433,69747],{"class":50},[44,89435,89436,89439,89441,89444,89446],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89437,89438],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89440,1980],{"class":54},[44,89442,89443],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89445,1980],{"class":54},[44,89447,35833],{"class":50},[20,89449,89450,89452],{},[15,89451,89232],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89454,89455,89456,108],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[394,89457,89459],{"href":89458},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89461,89463,36565],{"id":89462},"end-argument",[15,89464,52608],{},[20,89466,89467,89468,89470,89471,89473],{},"By default, ",[15,89469,46403],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89472,46403],{}," starts on a new line.",[420,89475,89273],{"id":89476},"default-behavior-1",[35,89478,89480],{"className":37,"code":89479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89481,89482,89496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89483,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89485,128],{"class":127},[44,89487,115],{"class":58},[44,89489,273],{"class":272},[44,89491,34818],{"class":276},[44,89493,273],{"class":272},[44,89495,121],{"class":58},[44,89497,89498,89500,89502,89504,89507,89509],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89499,128],{"class":127},[44,89501,115],{"class":58},[44,89503,273],{"class":272},[44,89505,89506],{"class":276},"World",[44,89508,273],{"class":272},[44,89510,121],{"class":58},[20,89512,2028],{},[35,89514,89516],{"className":37,"code":89515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89517,89518,89522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89519,89520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89521,88715],{"class":50},[44,89523,89524],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89525,89526],{"class":50},"World\n",[420,89528,89530],{"id":89529},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89532,89534],{"className":37,"code":89533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89535,89536,89558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89537,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89539,128],{"class":127},[44,89541,115],{"class":58},[44,89543,273],{"class":272},[44,89545,34818],{"class":276},[44,89547,273],{"class":272},[44,89549,66],{"class":58},[44,89551,64806],{"class":9124},[44,89553,55],{"class":54},[44,89555,6224],{"class":272},[44,89557,121],{"class":58},[44,89559,89560,89562,89564,89566,89568,89570],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89561,128],{"class":127},[44,89563,115],{"class":58},[44,89565,273],{"class":272},[44,89567,89506],{"class":276},[44,89569,273],{"class":272},[44,89571,121],{"class":58},[20,89573,2028],{},[35,89575,89577],{"className":37,"code":89576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89578,89579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89580,89581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89582,89576],{"class":50},[420,89584,89586],{"id":89585},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89588,89590],{"className":37,"code":89589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89591,89592,89621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89593,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612,89615,89617,89619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89595,128],{"class":127},[44,89597,115],{"class":58},[44,89599,273],{"class":272},[44,89601,34818],{"class":276},[44,89603,273],{"class":272},[44,89605,66],{"class":58},[44,89607,64806],{"class":9124},[44,89609,55],{"class":54},[44,89611,273],{"class":272},[44,89613,89614],{"class":276},"!",[44,89616,86919],{"class":34403},[44,89618,273],{"class":272},[44,89620,121],{"class":58},[44,89622,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89624,128],{"class":127},[44,89626,115],{"class":58},[44,89628,273],{"class":272},[44,89630,89506],{"class":276},[44,89632,273],{"class":272},[44,89634,121],{"class":58},[20,89636,2028],{},[35,89638,89640],{"className":37,"code":89639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89641,89642,89647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89643,89644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89645,89646],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89648,89649],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89650,89526],{"class":50},[20,89652,1938,89653,89655],{},[15,89654,52608],{}," argument is useful for:",[161,89657,89658,89661,89664],{},[164,89659,89660],{},"progress messages",[164,89662,89663],{},"inline output",[164,89665,89666],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89668,89670,877,89672],{"id":89669},"print-returns-none",[15,89671,46403],{},[15,89673,178],{},[20,89675,89676,89677,89679],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89678,46403],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89681,2164],{},[35,89683,89685],{"className":37,"code":89684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89686,89687,89707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89688,89689,89691,89693,89696,89698,89700,89703,89705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89690,911],{"class":50},[44,89692,55],{"class":54},[44,89694,89695],{"class":127}," print",[44,89697,115],{"class":58},[44,89699,273],{"class":272},[44,89701,89702],{"class":276},"Hi",[44,89704,273],{"class":272},[44,89706,121],{"class":58},[44,89708,89709,89711,89713,89715],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89710,128],{"class":127},[44,89712,115],{"class":58},[44,89714,943],{"class":111},[44,89716,121],{"class":58},[20,89718,2028],{},[35,89720,89722],{"className":37,"code":89721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89723,89724,89729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89725,89726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89727,89728],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89730,89731],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89732,11758],{"class":1582},[20,89734,89735],{},"Why does this happen?",[161,89737,89738,89746,89751],{},[164,89739,89740,89743,89744],{},[15,89741,89742],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89745,89702],{},[164,89747,89748,89749],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89750,178],{},[164,89752,89753,89754,11870,89756],{},"so ",[15,89755,943],{},[15,89757,178],{},[20,89759,89760,89761,89763],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89762,46403],{}," call.",[35,89765,89767],{"className":37,"code":89766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89768,89769,89782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89770,89771,89774,89776,89778,89780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89772,89773],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89775,55],{"class":54},[44,89777,284],{"class":272},[44,89779,89702],{"class":276},[44,89781,3318],{"class":272},[44,89783,89784,89786,89788,89791],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89785,128],{"class":127},[44,89787,115],{"class":58},[44,89789,89790],{"class":111},"message",[44,89792,121],{"class":58},[20,89794,89795,89796,89798,89799,89803],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89797,46403],{}," with functions like ",[394,89800,89801],{"href":8167},[15,89802,2917],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89805,89807,89808],{"id":89806},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89809,46403],{},[20,89811,89812,89813,89815],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89814,46403],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[161,89817,89818,89821,89824,89827],{},[164,89819,89820],{},"to display results to the user",[164,89822,89823],{},"to show messages in a script",[164,89825,89826],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[164,89828,89829],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89831,2164],{},[35,89833,89835],{"className":37,"code":89834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89836,89837,89845,89849,89869,89880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89838,89839,89841,89843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89840,41134],{"class":50},[44,89842,55],{"class":54},[44,89844,38464],{"class":62},[44,89846,89847],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89848,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,89850,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861,89863,89865,89867],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,89852,5909],{"class":3832},[44,89854,6337],{"class":50},[44,89856,3839],{"class":3832},[44,89858,54007],{"class":127},[44,89860,115],{"class":58},[44,89862,63],{"class":62},[44,89864,66],{"class":58},[44,89866,90],{"class":62},[44,89868,8288],{"class":58},[44,89870,89871,89874,89877],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89872,89873],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89875,89876],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89878,89879],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89881,89882,89884,89886,89888,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,89883,8017],{"class":127},[44,89885,115],{"class":58},[44,89887,273],{"class":272},[44,89889,89890],{"class":276},"Current number:",[44,89892,273],{"class":272},[44,89894,66],{"class":58},[44,89896,2153],{"class":111},[44,89898,66],{"class":58},[44,89900,284],{"class":272},[44,89902,45514],{"class":276},[44,89904,273],{"class":272},[44,89906,66],{"class":58},[44,89908,45521],{"class":111},[44,89910,121],{"class":58},[20,89912,2028],{},[35,89914,89916],{"className":37,"code":89915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89917,89918,89934,89948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89919,89920,89923,89925,89927,89930,89932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89921,89922],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89924,159],{"class":58},[44,89926,5450],{"class":62},[44,89928,89929],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89931,159],{"class":58},[44,89933,29566],{"class":62},[44,89935,89936,89938,89940,89942,89944,89946],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,89937,89922],{"class":50},[44,89939,159],{"class":58},[44,89941,69],{"class":62},[44,89943,89929],{"class":50},[44,89945,159],{"class":58},[44,89947,2534],{"class":62},[44,89949,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,89951,89922],{"class":50},[44,89953,159],{"class":58},[44,89955,2408],{"class":62},[44,89957,89929],{"class":50},[44,89959,159],{"class":58},[44,89961,89962],{"class":62}," 6\n",[20,89964,89965,89966,108],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[394,89967,89969],{"href":89968},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,89971,2788],{"id":2787},[20,89973,89974,89975,108],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89976,46403],{},[420,89978,89980],{"id":89979},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89982,89983],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89985,89987],{"className":37,"code":89986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89988,89989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89990,89991,89993,89995,89997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89992,128],{"class":127},[44,89994,115],{"class":58},[44,89996,34818],{"class":111},[44,89998,121],{"class":58},[20,90000,8823,90001,90003],{},[15,90002,34818],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90005,10757],{},[35,90007,90009],{"className":37,"code":90008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90010,90011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90012,90013,90015,90017,90019,90021,90023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90014,128],{"class":127},[44,90016,115],{"class":58},[44,90018,273],{"class":272},[44,90020,34818],{"class":276},[44,90022,273],{"class":272},[44,90024,121],{"class":58},[420,90026,582,90028,90030],{"id":90027},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90029,128],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90032,90033],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,90035,90037],{"className":37,"code":90036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90038,90039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90040,90041,90043,90045,90047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90042,128],{"class":127},[44,90044,284],{"class":272},[44,90046,34818],{"class":276},[44,90048,3318],{"class":272},[20,90050,10757],{},[35,90052,90053],{"className":37,"code":90008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90054,90055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90056,90057,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90058,128],{"class":127},[44,90060,115],{"class":58},[44,90062,273],{"class":272},[44,90064,34818],{"class":276},[44,90066,273],{"class":272},[44,90068,121],{"class":58},[420,90070,90072,90073],{"id":90071},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90074,2017],{},[20,90076,90077,90078,108],{},"This causes a ",[15,90079,1424],{},[35,90081,90082],{"className":37,"code":89170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90083,90084,90092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90085,90086,90088,90090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90087,21579],{"class":50},[44,90089,55],{"class":54},[44,90091,2544],{"class":62},[44,90093,90094,90096,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90095,128],{"class":127},[44,90097,115],{"class":58},[44,90099,273],{"class":272},[44,90101,89191],{"class":276},[44,90103,273],{"class":272},[44,90105,2411],{"class":54},[44,90107,9137],{"class":111},[44,90109,121],{"class":58},[20,90111,90112],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90114,90116],{"className":37,"code":90115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90117,90118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90119,90120,90122,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90121,128],{"class":127},[44,90123,115],{"class":58},[44,90125,273],{"class":272},[44,90127,89092],{"class":276},[44,90129,273],{"class":272},[44,90131,66],{"class":58},[44,90133,9137],{"class":111},[44,90135,121],{"class":58},[20,90137,90138],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90140,90142],{"className":37,"code":90141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90143,90144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90145,90146,90148,90150,90152,90154,90156,90158,90160,90162,90164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90147,128],{"class":127},[44,90149,115],{"class":58},[44,90151,273],{"class":272},[44,90153,89191],{"class":276},[44,90155,273],{"class":272},[44,90157,2411],{"class":54},[44,90159,48855],{"class":1458},[44,90161,115],{"class":58},[44,90163,9248],{"class":111},[44,90165,637],{"class":58},[20,90167,90168,90169,108],{},"If you see this error, read ",[394,90170,90172],{"href":90171},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[420,90174,8399,90176,90178],{"id":90175},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90177,46403],{}," to return a value",[20,90180,90181,90182,35281,90185,159],{},"This does not store ",[15,90183,90184],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90186,943],{},[35,90188,90190],{"className":37,"code":90189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90191,90192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90193,90194,90196,90198,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90195,911],{"class":50},[44,90197,55],{"class":54},[44,90199,89695],{"class":127},[44,90201,115],{"class":58},[44,90203,273],{"class":272},[44,90205,34818],{"class":276},[44,90207,273],{"class":272},[44,90209,121],{"class":58},[20,90211,90212,90213,108],{},"It stores ",[15,90214,178],{},[420,90216,90218,90219,398,90221],{"id":90217},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90220,89232],{},[15,90222,52608],{},[20,90224,85578],{},[161,90226,90227,90236],{},[164,90228,90229,90231,90232,90235],{},[15,90230,89232],{}," changes what goes ",[214,90233,90234],{},"between"," multiple values",[164,90237,90238,90240,90241,90244],{},[15,90239,52608],{}," changes what appears ",[214,90242,90243],{},"after"," the output",[30,90246,90248],{"id":90247},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90250,90251,90252,90254],{},"These simple ",[15,90253,46403],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90256,90258],{"className":37,"code":90257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90259,90260,90280,90295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90261,90262,90264,90266,90268,90271,90273,90275,90278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90263,128],{"class":127},[44,90265,115],{"class":58},[44,90267,273],{"class":272},[44,90269,90270],{"class":276},"Debug:",[44,90272,273],{"class":272},[44,90274,66],{"class":58},[44,90276,90277],{"class":111}," variable_name",[44,90279,121],{"class":58},[44,90281,90282,90284,90286,90288,90290,90293],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90283,128],{"class":127},[44,90285,115],{"class":58},[44,90287,1459],{"class":1458},[44,90289,115],{"class":58},[44,90291,90292],{"class":111},"variable_name",[44,90294,637],{"class":58},[44,90296,90297,90299,90301,90303],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,90298,1483],{"class":127},[44,90300,115],{"class":58},[44,90302,128],{"class":127},[44,90304,121],{"class":58},[20,90306,90307],{},"What they do:",[161,90309,90310,90316,90322],{},[164,90311,90312,90315],{},[15,90313,90314],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[164,90317,90318,90321],{},[15,90319,90320],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[164,90323,90324,90327,90328],{},[15,90325,90326],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90329,46403],{},[30,90331,1757],{"id":1756},[420,90333,1761,90335,90337],{"id":90334},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90336,46403],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90339,90340,90341,90343,90344,36571],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90342,46403],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90345,52608],{},[420,90347,5124,90349,90351],{"id":90348},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90350,46403],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90353,90354,90355,90357],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90356,46403],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[420,90359,5112,90361,5115,90364,1778],{"id":90360},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90362,90363],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90365,178],{},[20,90367,29012,90368,90370],{},[15,90369,46403],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[420,90372,90374],{"id":90373},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90376,90377],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90379,90381],{"className":37,"code":90380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90382,90383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90384,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90386,128],{"class":127},[44,90388,115],{"class":58},[44,90390,273],{"class":272},[44,90392,89092],{"class":276},[44,90394,273],{"class":272},[44,90396,66],{"class":58},[44,90398,5956],{"class":62},[44,90400,121],{"class":58},[20,90402,90403,90404,39880],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90405,47635],{},[420,90407,1773,90409,398,90411,1778],{"id":90408},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90410,89232],{},[15,90412,52608],{},[161,90414,90415,90420],{},[164,90416,90417,90419],{},[15,90418,89232],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[164,90421,90422,90424],{},[15,90423,52608],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90426,1821],{"id":1820},[161,90428,90429,90433,90439,90445,90450,90455],{},[164,90430,90431],{},[394,90432,50927],{"href":50926},[164,90434,90435],{},[394,90436,3536,90437,3469],{"href":8167},[15,90438,2917],{},[164,90440,90441],{},[394,90442,3536,90443,3469],{"href":42126},[15,90444,47635],{},[164,90446,90447],{},[394,90448,90449],{"href":89458},"How to format strings in Python",[164,90451,90452],{},[394,90453,90454],{"href":89968},"How to debug Python code",[164,90456,90457],{},[394,90458,90172],{"href":90171},[1872,90460,90461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":90463},[90464,90465,90467,90468,90474,90475,90476,90481,90487,90489,90491,90502,90503,90514],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":88636,"depth":75,"text":90466},"What print() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":88872,"depth":75,"text":88873,"children":90469},[90470,90471,90472,90473],{"id":88881,"depth":95,"text":88882},{"id":88922,"depth":95,"text":88923},{"id":88954,"depth":95,"text":88955},{"id":88981,"depth":95,"text":88982},{"id":89023,"depth":75,"text":89024},{"id":89219,"depth":75,"text":89220},{"id":89259,"depth":75,"text":90477,"children":90478},"sep argument",[90479,90480],{"id":89272,"depth":95,"text":89273},{"id":89322,"depth":95,"text":89323},{"id":89462,"depth":75,"text":90482,"children":90483},"end argument",[90484,90485,90486],{"id":89476,"depth":95,"text":89273},{"id":89529,"depth":95,"text":89530},{"id":89585,"depth":95,"text":89586},{"id":89669,"depth":75,"text":90488},"print() returns None",{"id":89806,"depth":75,"text":90490},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":90492},[90493,90494,90496,90498,90500],{"id":89979,"depth":95,"text":89980},{"id":90027,"depth":95,"text":90495},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90071,"depth":95,"text":90497},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90175,"depth":95,"text":90499},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90217,"depth":95,"text":90501},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90247,"depth":75,"text":90248},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":90504},[90505,90507,90509,90511,90512],{"id":90334,"depth":95,"text":90506},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90348,"depth":95,"text":90508},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90360,"depth":95,"text":90510},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90373,"depth":95,"text":90374},{"id":90408,"depth":95,"text":90513},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88519,"description":90515},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90522,"title":90523,"body":90524,"description":92828,"extension":1921,"meta":92829,"navigation":98,"path":92830,"seo":92831,"stem":92832,"__hash__":92833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90525,"toc":92774},[90526,90531,90536,90549,90551,90616,90627,90632,90637,90639,90662,90665,90696,90698,90715,90720,90726,90731,90780,90783,90800,90806,90811,90834,90836,90864,90870,90878,90905,90907,90932,90938,90941,90972,90974,91003,91007,91010,91015,91037,91039,91067,91073,91079,91105,91107,91131,91137,91143,91173,91175,91203,91213,91217,91223,91256,91258,91287,91290,91293,91326,91328,91336,91342,91344,91367,91372,91381,91386,91400,91402,91442,91444,91474,91478,91513,91519,91523,91567,91569,91599,91605,91608,91687,91689,91711,91719,91722,91785,91793,91868,91874,91881,91886,91891,91914,91916,91937,91939,91952,91954,92001,92003,92042,92051,92053,92057,92061,92064,92091,92094,92123,92126,92150,92153,92161,92167,92189,92191,92219,92223,92228,92283,92288,92290,92347,92354,92363,92366,92398,92400,92408,92411,92417,92419,92442,92445,92451,92454,92473,92475,92494,92497,92519,92521,92549,92553,92557,92662,92664,92677,92679,92685,92688,92696,92701,92707,92713,92718,92726,92732,92739,92741,92771],[10,90527,3536,90529,3540],{"id":90528},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90530,36149],{},[20,90532,32268,90533,90535],{},[15,90534,36149],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90537,90538,90539,90541,90542,90544,90545,90548],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90540,5909],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90543,36149],{}," stops ",[214,90546,90547],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90550,33],{"id":32},[35,90552,90554],{"className":37,"code":90553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90555,90556,90572,90582,90586,90591,90596,90601,90606,90611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90557,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566,90568,90570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90559,5909],{"class":3832},[44,90561,69314],{"class":50},[44,90563,3839],{"class":3832},[44,90565,54007],{"class":127},[44,90567,115],{"class":58},[44,90569,1410],{"class":62},[44,90571,8288],{"class":58},[44,90573,90574,90576,90578,90580],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90575,8017],{"class":127},[44,90577,115],{"class":58},[44,90579,36105],{"class":111},[44,90581,121],{"class":58},[44,90583,90584],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,90585,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,90587,90588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90589,90590],{"class":140},"# Output:\n",[44,90592,90593],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,90594,90595],{"class":140},"# 0\n",[44,90597,90598],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,90599,90600],{"class":140},"# 1\n",[44,90602,90603],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,90604,90605],{"class":140},"# 2\n",[44,90607,90608],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,90609,90610],{"class":140},"# 3\n",[44,90612,90613],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,90614,90615],{"class":140},"# 4\n",[20,90617,90618,90621,90622,90624,90625,108],{},[15,90619,90620],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90623,746],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90626,1410],{},[30,90628,151,90630,154],{"id":90629},"what-range-does",[15,90631,36149],{},[20,90633,90634,90636],{},[15,90635,36149],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90638,13002],{},[161,90640,90641,90646,90652,90657],{},[164,90642,90643,90645],{},[15,90644,36149],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[164,90647,90648,90649,90651],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90650,5909],{}," loops",[164,90653,90654,90655],{},"The stop value is ",[214,90656,64835],{},[164,90658,17371,90659,90661],{},[15,90660,246],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90663,90664],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90666,90668],{"className":37,"code":90667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90669,90670,90686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90671,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90673,5909],{"class":3832},[44,90675,6337],{"class":50},[44,90677,3839],{"class":3832},[44,90679,54007],{"class":127},[44,90681,115],{"class":58},[44,90683,85],{"class":62},[44,90685,8288],{"class":58},[44,90687,90688,90690,90692,90694],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90689,8017],{"class":127},[44,90691,115],{"class":58},[44,90693,2196],{"class":111},[44,90695,121],{"class":58},[20,90697,2028],{},[35,90699,90701],{"className":37,"code":90700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90702,90703,90707,90711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90704,90705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90706,47203],{"class":62},[44,90708,90709],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90710,46868],{"class":62},[44,90712,90713],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,90714,17006],{"class":62},[20,90716,90717,90718,108],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[394,90719,35981],{"href":35980},[30,90721,90723,90725],{"id":90722},"range-syntax",[15,90724,36149],{}," syntax",[20,90727,90728,90730],{},[15,90729,36149],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90732,90734],{"className":37,"code":90733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90735,90736,90746,90761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90739,246],{"class":127},[44,90741,115],{"class":58},[44,90743,75192],{"class":111},[44,90745,121],{"class":58},[44,90747,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90759],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,90749,246],{"class":127},[44,90751,115],{"class":58},[44,90753,36025],{"class":111},[44,90755,66],{"class":58},[44,90757,90758],{"class":111}," stop",[44,90760,121],{"class":58},[44,90762,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90778],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,90764,246],{"class":127},[44,90766,115],{"class":58},[44,90768,36025],{"class":111},[44,90770,66],{"class":58},[44,90772,90758],{"class":111},[44,90774,66],{"class":58},[44,90776,90777],{"class":111}," step",[44,90779,121],{"class":58},[20,90781,90782],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[161,90784,90785,90790,90795],{},[164,90786,90787,90789],{},[15,90788,36025],{}," = first number",[164,90791,90792,90794],{},[15,90793,75192],{}," = end limit, not included",[164,90796,90797,90799],{},[15,90798,75195],{}," = amount to move each time",[420,90801,90803],{"id":90802},"rangestop",[15,90804,90805],{},"range(stop)",[20,90807,90808,90809,108],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90810,746],{},[35,90812,90814],{"className":37,"code":90813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90815,90816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90817,90818,90820,90822,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90819,128],{"class":127},[44,90821,115],{"class":58},[44,90823,226],{"class":1458},[44,90825,115],{"class":58},[44,90827,246],{"class":127},[44,90829,115],{"class":58},[44,90831,1410],{"class":62},[44,90833,2871],{"class":58},[20,90835,2028],{},[35,90837,90838],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90839,90840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90841,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850,90852,90854,90856,90858,90860,90862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90843,3856],{"class":58},[44,90845,746],{"class":62},[44,90847,66],{"class":58},[44,90849,5450],{"class":62},[44,90851,66],{"class":58},[44,90853,69],{"class":62},[44,90855,66],{"class":58},[44,90857,2408],{"class":62},[44,90859,66],{"class":58},[44,90861,90],{"class":62},[44,90863,72],{"class":58},[420,90865,90867],{"id":90866},"rangestart-stop",[15,90868,90869],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90871,90872,90873,90875,90876,108],{},"This starts at ",[15,90874,36025],{}," and stops before ",[15,90877,75192],{},[35,90879,90881],{"className":37,"code":90880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90882,90883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90884,90885,90887,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90886,128],{"class":127},[44,90888,115],{"class":58},[44,90890,226],{"class":1458},[44,90892,115],{"class":58},[44,90894,246],{"class":127},[44,90896,115],{"class":58},[44,90898,801],{"class":62},[44,90900,66],{"class":58},[44,90902,37594],{"class":62},[44,90904,2871],{"class":58},[20,90906,2028],{},[35,90908,90910],{"className":37,"code":90909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90911,90912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90913,90914,90916,90918,90920,90922,90924,90926,90928,90930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90915,3856],{"class":58},[44,90917,801],{"class":62},[44,90919,66],{"class":58},[44,90921,2408],{"class":62},[44,90923,66],{"class":58},[44,90925,90],{"class":62},[44,90927,66],{"class":58},[44,90929,4557],{"class":62},[44,90931,72],{"class":58},[420,90933,90935],{"id":90934},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90936,90937],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90939,90940],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90942,90944],{"className":37,"code":90943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90945,90946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90947,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90949,128],{"class":127},[44,90951,115],{"class":58},[44,90953,226],{"class":1458},[44,90955,115],{"class":58},[44,90957,246],{"class":127},[44,90959,115],{"class":58},[44,90961,63],{"class":62},[44,90963,66],{"class":58},[44,90965,5956],{"class":62},[44,90967,66],{"class":58},[44,90969,69],{"class":62},[44,90971,2871],{"class":58},[20,90973,2028],{},[35,90975,90977],{"className":37,"code":90976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90978,90979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90980,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90982,3856],{"class":58},[44,90984,63],{"class":62},[44,90986,66],{"class":58},[44,90988,2408],{"class":62},[44,90990,66],{"class":58},[44,90992,4557],{"class":62},[44,90994,66],{"class":58},[44,90996,5945],{"class":62},[44,90998,66],{"class":58},[44,91000,54073],{"class":62},[44,91002,72],{"class":58},[30,91004,91006],{"id":91005},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91008,91009],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[420,91011,91013],{"id":91012},"range5",[15,91014,90620],{},[35,91016,91017],{"className":37,"code":90813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91018,91019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91020,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91022,128],{"class":127},[44,91024,115],{"class":58},[44,91026,226],{"class":1458},[44,91028,115],{"class":58},[44,91030,246],{"class":127},[44,91032,115],{"class":58},[44,91034,1410],{"class":62},[44,91036,2871],{"class":58},[20,91038,2028],{},[35,91040,91041],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91042,91043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91044,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91046,3856],{"class":58},[44,91048,746],{"class":62},[44,91050,66],{"class":58},[44,91052,5450],{"class":62},[44,91054,66],{"class":58},[44,91056,69],{"class":62},[44,91058,66],{"class":58},[44,91060,2408],{"class":62},[44,91062,66],{"class":58},[44,91064,90],{"class":62},[44,91066,72],{"class":58},[20,91068,90872,91069,90875,91071,108],{},[15,91070,746],{},[15,91072,1410],{},[420,91074,91076],{"id":91075},"range2-6",[15,91077,91078],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,91080,91081],{"className":37,"code":90880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91082,91083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91084,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91086,128],{"class":127},[44,91088,115],{"class":58},[44,91090,226],{"class":1458},[44,91092,115],{"class":58},[44,91094,246],{"class":127},[44,91096,115],{"class":58},[44,91098,801],{"class":62},[44,91100,66],{"class":58},[44,91102,37594],{"class":62},[44,91104,2871],{"class":58},[20,91106,2028],{},[35,91108,91109],{"className":37,"code":90909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91110,91111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91112,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91114,3856],{"class":58},[44,91116,801],{"class":62},[44,91118,66],{"class":58},[44,91120,2408],{"class":62},[44,91122,66],{"class":58},[44,91124,90],{"class":62},[44,91126,66],{"class":58},[44,91128,4557],{"class":62},[44,91130,72],{"class":58},[20,91132,90872,91133,90875,91135,108],{},[15,91134,801],{},[15,91136,80360],{},[420,91138,91140],{"id":91139},"range1-10-2",[15,91141,91142],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91144,91145],{"className":37,"code":90943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91150,128],{"class":127},[44,91152,115],{"class":58},[44,91154,226],{"class":1458},[44,91156,115],{"class":58},[44,91158,246],{"class":127},[44,91160,115],{"class":58},[44,91162,63],{"class":62},[44,91164,66],{"class":58},[44,91166,5956],{"class":62},[44,91168,66],{"class":58},[44,91170,69],{"class":62},[44,91172,2871],{"class":58},[20,91174,2028],{},[35,91176,91177],{"className":37,"code":90976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91178,91179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91180,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91182,3856],{"class":58},[44,91184,63],{"class":62},[44,91186,66],{"class":58},[44,91188,2408],{"class":62},[44,91190,66],{"class":58},[44,91192,4557],{"class":62},[44,91194,66],{"class":58},[44,91196,5945],{"class":62},[44,91198,66],{"class":58},[44,91200,54073],{"class":62},[44,91202,72],{"class":58},[20,91204,91205,91206,91208,91209,381,91211,108],{},"This moves by ",[15,91207,801],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91210,63],{},[15,91212,2101],{},[420,91214,91216],{"id":91215},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91218,91219,91220,91222],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91221,36149],{}," count backward.",[35,91224,91226],{"className":37,"code":91225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91227,91228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91229,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91231,128],{"class":127},[44,91233,115],{"class":58},[44,91235,226],{"class":1458},[44,91237,115],{"class":58},[44,91239,246],{"class":127},[44,91241,115],{"class":58},[44,91243,1410],{"class":62},[44,91245,66],{"class":58},[44,91247,3790],{"class":62},[44,91249,66],{"class":58},[44,91251,2179],{"class":54},[44,91253,63],{"class":62},[44,91255,2871],{"class":58},[20,91257,2028],{},[35,91259,91261],{"className":37,"code":91260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91262,91263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91264,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91266,3856],{"class":58},[44,91268,1410],{"class":62},[44,91270,66],{"class":58},[44,91272,90],{"class":62},[44,91274,66],{"class":58},[44,91276,2408],{"class":62},[44,91278,66],{"class":58},[44,91280,69],{"class":62},[44,91282,66],{"class":58},[44,91284,5450],{"class":62},[44,91286,72],{"class":58},[20,91288,91289],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91291,91292],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91294,91296],{"className":37,"code":91295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91297,91298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91299,91300,91302,91304,91306,91308,91310,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91301,128],{"class":127},[44,91303,115],{"class":58},[44,91305,226],{"class":1458},[44,91307,115],{"class":58},[44,91309,246],{"class":127},[44,91311,115],{"class":58},[44,91313,63],{"class":62},[44,91315,66],{"class":58},[44,91317,4557],{"class":62},[44,91319,66],{"class":58},[44,91321,2179],{"class":54},[44,91323,63],{"class":62},[44,91325,2871],{"class":58},[20,91327,2028],{},[35,91329,91330],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91331,91332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91333,91334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91335,38248],{"class":58},[420,91337,91338,76355,91340],{"id":76579},[15,91339,75195],{},[15,91341,746],{},[20,91343,2795],{},[35,91345,91347],{"className":37,"code":91346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91348,91349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91350,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91352,246],{"class":127},[44,91354,115],{"class":58},[44,91356,63],{"class":62},[44,91358,66],{"class":58},[44,91360,4557],{"class":62},[44,91362,66],{"class":58},[44,91364,3790],{"class":62},[44,91366,121],{"class":58},[20,91368,76624,91369,91371],{},[15,91370,40655],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91373,582,91375,91377,91378,91380],{"id":91374},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91376,36149],{}," in a ",[15,91379,5909],{}," loop",[20,91382,91383,91385],{},[15,91384,36149],{}," is most useful when:",[161,91387,91388,91391,91394],{},[164,91389,91390],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[164,91392,91393],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[164,91395,91396,91397],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91398,91399],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91401,2164],{},[35,91403,91405],{"className":37,"code":91404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91406,91407,91423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91408,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91410,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91412,69314],{"class":50},[44,91414,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91416,54007],{"class":127},[44,91418,115],{"class":58},[44,91420,85],{"class":62},[44,91422,8288],{"class":58},[44,91424,91425,91427,91429,91431,91434,91436,91438,91440],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91426,8017],{"class":127},[44,91428,115],{"class":58},[44,91430,273],{"class":272},[44,91432,91433],{"class":276},"Loop number:",[44,91435,273],{"class":272},[44,91437,66],{"class":58},[44,91439,36081],{"class":111},[44,91441,121],{"class":58},[20,91443,2028],{},[35,91445,91447],{"className":37,"code":91446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91448,91449,91458,91466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91450,91451,91454,91456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91452,91453],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91455,159],{"class":58},[44,91457,38464],{"class":62},[44,91459,91460,91462,91464],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91461,91453],{"class":50},[44,91463,159],{"class":58},[44,91465,29566],{"class":62},[44,91467,91468,91470,91472],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91469,91453],{"class":50},[44,91471,159],{"class":58},[44,91473,45540],{"class":62},[420,91475,91477],{"id":91476},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91479,91481],{"className":37,"code":91480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91482,91483,91499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91484,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91486,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91488,69314],{"class":50},[44,91490,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91492,54007],{"class":127},[44,91494,115],{"class":58},[44,91496,1410],{"class":62},[44,91498,8288],{"class":58},[44,91500,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91502,8017],{"class":127},[44,91504,115],{"class":58},[44,91506,273],{"class":272},[44,91508,34818],{"class":276},[44,91510,273],{"class":272},[44,91512,121],{"class":58},[20,91514,91515,91516,91518],{},"This prints ",[15,91517,90184],{}," five times.",[420,91520,91522],{"id":91521},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91524,91526],{"className":37,"code":91525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91527,91528,91548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91529,91530,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91531,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91533,69314],{"class":50},[44,91535,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91537,54007],{"class":127},[44,91539,115],{"class":58},[44,91541,63],{"class":62},[44,91543,66],{"class":58},[44,91545,90],{"class":62},[44,91547,8288],{"class":58},[44,91549,91550,91552,91554,91556,91559,91561,91563,91565],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91551,8017],{"class":127},[44,91553,115],{"class":58},[44,91555,273],{"class":272},[44,91557,91558],{"class":276},"Current number is",[44,91560,273],{"class":272},[44,91562,66],{"class":58},[44,91564,36081],{"class":111},[44,91566,121],{"class":58},[20,91568,2028],{},[35,91570,91572],{"className":37,"code":91571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91573,91574,91583,91591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91575,91576,91579,91581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91577,91578],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91580,12144],{"class":54},[44,91582,29566],{"class":62},[44,91584,91585,91587,91589],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91586,91578],{"class":50},[44,91588,12144],{"class":54},[44,91590,45540],{"class":62},[44,91592,91593,91595,91597],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91594,91578],{"class":50},[44,91596,12144],{"class":54},[44,91598,2534],{"class":62},[420,91600,91602,91604],{"id":91601},"range-and-indexing",[15,91603,36149],{}," and indexing",[20,91606,91607],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91609,91611],{"className":37,"code":91610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91612,91613,91645,91649,91669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91614,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91616,818],{"class":50},[44,91618,55],{"class":54},[44,91620,59],{"class":58},[44,91622,273],{"class":272},[44,91624,394],{"class":276},[44,91626,273],{"class":272},[44,91628,66],{"class":58},[44,91630,284],{"class":272},[44,91632,4714],{"class":276},[44,91634,273],{"class":272},[44,91636,66],{"class":58},[44,91638,284],{"class":272},[44,91640,9689],{"class":276},[44,91642,273],{"class":272},[44,91644,72],{"class":58},[44,91646,91647],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91648,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,91650,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91652,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91654,69314],{"class":50},[44,91656,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91658,54007],{"class":127},[44,91660,115],{"class":58},[44,91662,11112],{"class":127},[44,91664,115],{"class":58},[44,91666,835],{"class":111},[44,91668,69329],{"class":58},[44,91670,91671,91673,91675,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91672,8017],{"class":127},[44,91674,115],{"class":58},[44,91676,36105],{"class":111},[44,91678,66],{"class":58},[44,91680,5917],{"class":111},[44,91682,3856],{"class":58},[44,91684,36105],{"class":111},[44,91686,466],{"class":58},[20,91688,2028],{},[35,91690,91691],{"className":37,"code":36117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91692,91693,91699,91705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91694,91695,91697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91696,746],{"class":62},[44,91698,36126],{"class":50},[44,91700,91701,91703],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91702,63],{"class":62},[44,91704,36133],{"class":50},[44,91706,91707,91709],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91708,801],{"class":62},[44,91710,36140],{"class":50},[20,91712,91713,91714,91718],{},"This works, and it uses ",[394,91715,91716],{"href":42309},[15,91717,42312],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91720,91721],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91723,91725],{"className":37,"code":91724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91726,91727,91759,91763,91775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91728,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91730,818],{"class":50},[44,91732,55],{"class":54},[44,91734,59],{"class":58},[44,91736,273],{"class":272},[44,91738,394],{"class":276},[44,91740,273],{"class":272},[44,91742,66],{"class":58},[44,91744,284],{"class":272},[44,91746,4714],{"class":276},[44,91748,273],{"class":272},[44,91750,66],{"class":58},[44,91752,284],{"class":272},[44,91754,9689],{"class":276},[44,91756,273],{"class":272},[44,91758,72],{"class":58},[44,91760,91761],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91762,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91766,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91768,5912],{"class":50},[44,91770,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91772,5917],{"class":50},[44,91774,6344],{"class":58},[44,91776,91777,91779,91781,91783],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91778,8017],{"class":127},[44,91780,115],{"class":58},[44,91782,23261],{"class":111},[44,91784,121],{"class":58},[20,91786,36542,91787,91792],{},[394,91788,91790],{"href":91789},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91791,35701],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91794,91796],{"className":37,"code":91795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91797,91798,91830,91834,91854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91799,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91801,818],{"class":50},[44,91803,55],{"class":54},[44,91805,59],{"class":58},[44,91807,273],{"class":272},[44,91809,394],{"class":276},[44,91811,273],{"class":272},[44,91813,66],{"class":58},[44,91815,284],{"class":272},[44,91817,4714],{"class":276},[44,91819,273],{"class":272},[44,91821,66],{"class":58},[44,91823,284],{"class":272},[44,91825,9689],{"class":276},[44,91827,273],{"class":272},[44,91829,72],{"class":58},[44,91831,91832],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91833,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,91835,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91837,5909],{"class":3832},[44,91839,35773],{"class":50},[44,91841,66],{"class":58},[44,91843,5912],{"class":50},[44,91845,3839],{"class":3832},[44,91847,35783],{"class":127},[44,91849,115],{"class":58},[44,91851,835],{"class":111},[44,91853,8288],{"class":58},[44,91855,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91857,8017],{"class":127},[44,91859,115],{"class":58},[44,91861,35798],{"class":111},[44,91863,66],{"class":58},[44,91865,29458],{"class":111},[44,91867,121],{"class":58},[20,91869,78884,91870,108],{},[394,91871,36555,91872,36558],{"href":36554},[15,91873,35701],{},[30,91875,91877,91878,91880],{"id":91876},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91879,36149],{}," to a list",[20,91882,91883,91885],{},[15,91884,36149],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91887,91888,91889,159],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91890,24731],{},[35,91892,91894],{"className":37,"code":91893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91895,91896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91899,128],{"class":127},[44,91901,115],{"class":58},[44,91903,226],{"class":1458},[44,91905,115],{"class":58},[44,91907,246],{"class":127},[44,91909,115],{"class":58},[44,91911,85],{"class":62},[44,91913,2871],{"class":58},[20,91915,2028],{},[35,91917,91919],{"className":37,"code":91918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91920,91921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91922,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91924,3856],{"class":58},[44,91926,746],{"class":62},[44,91928,66],{"class":58},[44,91930,5450],{"class":62},[44,91932,66],{"class":58},[44,91934,69],{"class":62},[44,91936,72],{"class":58},[20,91938,33261],{},[161,91940,91941,91946,91949],{},[164,91942,91943,91944,42037],{},"learning how ",[15,91945,36149],{},[164,91947,91948],{},"checking your values",[164,91950,91951],{},"debugging code",[20,91953,1659],{},[35,91955,91957],{"className":37,"code":91956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91958,91959,91973,91977,91987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91960,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91962,51],{"class":50},[44,91964,55],{"class":54},[44,91966,54007],{"class":127},[44,91968,115],{"class":58},[44,91970,2461],{"class":62},[44,91972,121],{"class":58},[44,91974,91975],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,91976,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,91978,91979,91981,91983,91985],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,91980,128],{"class":127},[44,91982,115],{"class":58},[44,91984,105],{"class":111},[44,91986,121],{"class":58},[44,91988,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91990,128],{"class":127},[44,91992,115],{"class":58},[44,91994,226],{"class":1458},[44,91996,115],{"class":58},[44,91998,105],{"class":111},[44,92000,637],{"class":58},[20,92002,2028],{},[35,92004,92006],{"className":37,"code":92005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92007,92008,92022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92009,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92011,246],{"class":127},[44,92013,115],{"class":58},[44,92015,746],{"class":62},[44,92017,66],{"class":58},[44,92019,90],{"class":62},[44,92021,121],{"class":58},[44,92023,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92025,3856],{"class":58},[44,92027,746],{"class":62},[44,92029,66],{"class":58},[44,92031,5450],{"class":62},[44,92033,66],{"class":58},[44,92035,69],{"class":62},[44,92037,66],{"class":58},[44,92039,2408],{"class":62},[44,92041,72],{"class":58},[20,92043,92044,92045,408,92047,92050],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92046,246],{},[15,92048,92049],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,92052,1083],{"id":1082},[20,92054,33490,92055,108],{},[15,92056,36149],{},[420,92058,92060],{"id":92059},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92062,92063],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,92065,92067],{"className":37,"code":92066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92068,92069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92070,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92072,128],{"class":127},[44,92074,115],{"class":58},[44,92076,226],{"class":1458},[44,92078,115],{"class":58},[44,92080,246],{"class":127},[44,92082,115],{"class":58},[44,92084,63],{"class":62},[44,92086,66],{"class":58},[44,92088,4557],{"class":62},[44,92090,2871],{"class":58},[20,92092,92093],{},"will produce:",[35,92095,92097],{"className":37,"code":92096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92098,92099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92100,92101,92103,92105,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92119,92121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92102,3856],{"class":58},[44,92104,63],{"class":62},[44,92106,66],{"class":58},[44,92108,69],{"class":62},[44,92110,66],{"class":58},[44,92112,2408],{"class":62},[44,92114,66],{"class":58},[44,92116,90],{"class":62},[44,92118,66],{"class":58},[44,92120,4557],{"class":62},[44,92122,72],{"class":58},[20,92124,92125],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92127,92128],{"className":37,"code":53446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92129,92130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92131,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92133,3856],{"class":58},[44,92135,63],{"class":62},[44,92137,66],{"class":58},[44,92139,69],{"class":62},[44,92141,66],{"class":58},[44,92143,2408],{"class":62},[44,92145,66],{"class":58},[44,92147,90],{"class":62},[44,92149,72],{"class":58},[20,92151,92152],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[420,92154,4531,92156,92158,92159],{"id":92155},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92157,90620],{}," starts at ",[15,92160,63],{},[20,92162,37418,92163,18913,92165,108],{},[15,92164,746],{},[15,92166,63],{},[35,92168,92169],{"className":37,"code":90813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92170,92171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92174,128],{"class":127},[44,92176,115],{"class":58},[44,92178,226],{"class":1458},[44,92180,115],{"class":58},[44,92182,246],{"class":127},[44,92184,115],{"class":58},[44,92186,1410],{"class":62},[44,92188,2871],{"class":58},[20,92190,2028],{},[35,92192,92193],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92194,92195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92196,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92198,3856],{"class":58},[44,92200,746],{"class":62},[44,92202,66],{"class":58},[44,92204,5450],{"class":62},[44,92206,66],{"class":58},[44,92208,69],{"class":62},[44,92210,66],{"class":58},[44,92212,2408],{"class":62},[44,92214,66],{"class":58},[44,92216,90],{"class":62},[44,92218,72],{"class":58},[420,92220,92222],{"id":92221},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92224,92225,92226,159],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92227,2917],{},[35,92229,92231],{"className":37,"code":92230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92232,92233,92252,92256,92273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92234,92235,92238,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92236,92237],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92239,55],{"class":54},[44,92241,8190],{"class":127},[44,92243,115],{"class":58},[44,92245,273],{"class":272},[44,92247,41823],{"class":276},[44,92249,273],{"class":272},[44,92251,121],{"class":58},[44,92253,92254],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92255,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,92257,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92271],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,92259,5909],{"class":3832},[44,92261,69314],{"class":50},[44,92263,3839],{"class":3832},[44,92265,54007],{"class":127},[44,92267,115],{"class":58},[44,92269,92270],{"class":111},"user_number",[44,92272,8288],{"class":58},[44,92274,92275,92277,92279,92281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92276,8017],{"class":127},[44,92278,115],{"class":58},[44,92280,36105],{"class":111},[44,92282,121],{"class":58},[20,92284,48462,92285,92287],{},[15,92286,2917],{}," returns a string.",[20,92289,10757],{},[35,92291,92293],{"className":37,"code":92292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92294,92295,92317,92321,92337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92296,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92298,92237],{"class":50},[44,92300,55],{"class":54},[44,92302,45227],{"class":1458},[44,92304,115],{"class":58},[44,92306,42414],{"class":127},[44,92308,115],{"class":58},[44,92310,273],{"class":272},[44,92312,41823],{"class":276},[44,92314,273],{"class":272},[44,92316,637],{"class":58},[44,92318,92319],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92320,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,92322,92323,92325,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,92324,5909],{"class":3832},[44,92326,69314],{"class":50},[44,92328,3839],{"class":3832},[44,92330,54007],{"class":127},[44,92332,115],{"class":58},[44,92334,92270],{"class":111},[44,92336,8288],{"class":58},[44,92338,92339,92341,92343,92345],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92340,8017],{"class":127},[44,92342,115],{"class":58},[44,92344,36105],{"class":111},[44,92346,121],{"class":58},[20,92348,92349,92350,108],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[394,92351,50474,92352],{"href":50473},[15,92353,50477],{},[420,92355,92357,92358,92360,92361],{"id":92356},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92359,36025],{}," smaller than ",[15,92362,75192],{},[20,92364,92365],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92367,92368],{"className":37,"code":91295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92369,92370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92371,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92373,128],{"class":127},[44,92375,115],{"class":58},[44,92377,226],{"class":1458},[44,92379,115],{"class":58},[44,92381,246],{"class":127},[44,92383,115],{"class":58},[44,92385,63],{"class":62},[44,92387,66],{"class":58},[44,92389,4557],{"class":62},[44,92391,66],{"class":58},[44,92393,2179],{"class":54},[44,92395,63],{"class":62},[44,92397,2871],{"class":58},[20,92399,2028],{},[35,92401,92402],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92403,92404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92405,92406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92407,38248],{"class":58},[20,92409,92410],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[420,92412,25567,92414],{"id":92413},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92415,92416],{},"step = 0",[20,92418,77335],{},[35,92420,92422],{"className":37,"code":92421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92423,92424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92425,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92427,246],{"class":127},[44,92429,115],{"class":58},[44,92431,63],{"class":62},[44,92433,66],{"class":58},[44,92435,5956],{"class":62},[44,92437,66],{"class":58},[44,92439,3790],{"class":62},[44,92441,121],{"class":58},[20,92443,92444],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[420,92446,4657,92448,92450],{"id":92447},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92449,36149],{}," is not a list",[20,92452,92453],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92455,92457],{"className":37,"code":92456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92458,92459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92460,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92462,128],{"class":127},[44,92464,115],{"class":58},[44,92466,246],{"class":127},[44,92468,115],{"class":58},[44,92470,1410],{"class":62},[44,92472,637],{"class":58},[20,92474,2028],{},[35,92476,92478],{"className":37,"code":92477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92479,92480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92481,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92483,246],{"class":127},[44,92485,115],{"class":58},[44,92487,746],{"class":62},[44,92489,66],{"class":58},[44,92491,4557],{"class":62},[44,92493,121],{"class":58},[20,92495,92496],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92498,92499],{"className":37,"code":90813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92500,92501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92502,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92504,128],{"class":127},[44,92506,115],{"class":58},[44,92508,226],{"class":1458},[44,92510,115],{"class":58},[44,92512,246],{"class":127},[44,92514,115],{"class":58},[44,92516,1410],{"class":62},[44,92518,2871],{"class":58},[20,92520,2028],{},[35,92522,92523],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92524,92525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92526,92527,92529,92531,92533,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92528,3856],{"class":58},[44,92530,746],{"class":62},[44,92532,66],{"class":58},[44,92534,5450],{"class":62},[44,92536,66],{"class":58},[44,92538,69],{"class":62},[44,92540,66],{"class":58},[44,92542,2408],{"class":62},[44,92544,66],{"class":58},[44,92546,90],{"class":62},[44,92548,72],{"class":58},[30,92550,92552],{"id":92551},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92554,8823,92555,82106],{},[15,92556,36149],{},[35,92558,92560],{"className":37,"code":92559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92561,92562,92576,92594,92616,92644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92563,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92565,128],{"class":127},[44,92567,115],{"class":58},[44,92569,246],{"class":127},[44,92571,115],{"class":58},[44,92573,1410],{"class":62},[44,92575,637],{"class":58},[44,92577,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92579,128],{"class":127},[44,92581,115],{"class":58},[44,92583,226],{"class":1458},[44,92585,115],{"class":58},[44,92587,246],{"class":127},[44,92589,115],{"class":58},[44,92591,1410],{"class":62},[44,92593,2871],{"class":58},[44,92595,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606,92608,92610,92612,92614],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,92597,128],{"class":127},[44,92599,115],{"class":58},[44,92601,226],{"class":1458},[44,92603,115],{"class":58},[44,92605,246],{"class":127},[44,92607,115],{"class":58},[44,92609,801],{"class":62},[44,92611,66],{"class":58},[44,92613,6310],{"class":62},[44,92615,2871],{"class":58},[44,92617,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92619,128],{"class":127},[44,92621,115],{"class":58},[44,92623,226],{"class":1458},[44,92625,115],{"class":58},[44,92627,246],{"class":127},[44,92629,115],{"class":58},[44,92631,2287],{"class":62},[44,92633,66],{"class":58},[44,92635,3790],{"class":62},[44,92637,66],{"class":58},[44,92639,2179],{"class":54},[44,92641,801],{"class":62},[44,92643,2871],{"class":58},[44,92645,92646,92648,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658,92660],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,92647,128],{"class":127},[44,92649,115],{"class":58},[44,92651,1459],{"class":1458},[44,92653,115],{"class":58},[44,92655,246],{"class":127},[44,92657,115],{"class":58},[44,92659,1410],{"class":62},[44,92661,2871],{"class":58},[20,92663,25959],{},[161,92665,92666,92669,92672],{},[164,92667,92668],{},"what values are being created",[164,92670,92671],{},"whether the direction is correct",[164,92673,92674,92675,24568],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92676,246],{},[30,92678,1757],{"id":1756},[420,92680,1761,92682,92684],{"id":92681},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92683,36149],{}," include the last number?",[20,92686,92687],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[420,92689,5112,92691,92693,92694,1778],{"id":92690},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92692,90620],{}," start at ",[15,92695,746],{},[20,92697,92698,92699,108],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92700,746],{},[420,92702,5124,92704,92706],{"id":92703},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92705,36149],{}," count backward?",[20,92708,92709,92710,108],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92711,92712],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[420,92714,14851,92716,25994],{"id":92715},"is-range-a-list",[15,92717,36149],{},[20,92719,25997,92720,92722,92723,23889],{},[15,92721,246],{}," object. Use ",[15,92724,92725],{},"list(range(...))",[420,92727,5112,92729,48635],{"id":92728},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92730,92731],{},"range(input())",[20,92733,92734,3444,92736,108],{},[15,92735,2917],{},[15,92737,92738],{},"int(input())",[30,92740,1821],{"id":1820},[161,92742,92743,92747,92753,92759,92765],{},[164,92744,92745],{},[394,92746,35981],{"href":35980},[164,92748,92749],{},[394,92750,3536,92751,3469],{"href":42309},[15,92752,42312],{},[164,92754,92755],{},[394,92756,3536,92757,3469],{"href":91789},[15,92758,35701],{},[164,92760,92761],{},[394,92762,37469,92763,36558],{"href":36554},[15,92764,35701],{},[164,92766,92767],{},[394,92768,50474,92769],{"href":50473},[15,92770,50477],{},[1872,92772,92773],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":92775},[92776,92777,92779,92785,92793,92800,92802,92814,92815,92827],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":90629,"depth":75,"text":92778},"What range() does",{"id":90722,"depth":75,"text":92780,"children":92781},"range() syntax",[92782,92783,92784],{"id":90802,"depth":95,"text":90805},{"id":90866,"depth":95,"text":90869},{"id":90934,"depth":95,"text":90937},{"id":91005,"depth":75,"text":91006,"children":92786},[92787,92788,92789,92790,92791],{"id":91012,"depth":95,"text":90620},{"id":91075,"depth":95,"text":91078},{"id":91139,"depth":95,"text":91142},{"id":91215,"depth":95,"text":91216},{"id":76579,"depth":95,"text":92792},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91374,"depth":75,"text":92794,"children":92795},"Using range() in a for loop",[92796,92797,92798],{"id":91476,"depth":95,"text":91477},{"id":91521,"depth":95,"text":91522},{"id":91601,"depth":95,"text":92799},"range() and indexing",{"id":91876,"depth":75,"text":92801},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":92803},[92804,92805,92807,92808,92810,92812],{"id":92059,"depth":95,"text":92060},{"id":92155,"depth":95,"text":92806},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92221,"depth":95,"text":92222},{"id":92356,"depth":95,"text":92809},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92413,"depth":95,"text":92811},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92447,"depth":95,"text":92813},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92551,"depth":75,"text":92552},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":92816},[92817,92819,92821,92823,92825],{"id":92681,"depth":95,"text":92818},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92690,"depth":95,"text":92820},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92703,"depth":95,"text":92822},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92715,"depth":95,"text":92824},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92728,"depth":95,"text":92826},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90523,"description":92828},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92835,"title":92836,"body":92837,"description":94510,"extension":1921,"meta":94511,"navigation":98,"path":94512,"seo":94513,"stem":94514,"__hash__":94515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92838,"toc":94483},[92839,92848,92855,92872,92888,92890,92939,92947,92951,92954,92974,92976,93040,93042,93085,93088,93134,93136,93169,93179,93185,93193,93210,93212,93243,93245,93270,93275,93286,93289,93359,93361,93392,93397,93402,93419,93421,93472,93474,93507,93510,93517,93522,93526,93542,93544,93588,93590,93636,93639,93652,93657,93661,93675,93677,93728,93730,93763,93768,93770,93777,93779,93802,93804,93869,93871,93888,93891,93924,93926,93954,93964,93971,93975,93978,93996,93999,94027,94030,94048,94053,94059,94062,94084,94086,94114,94116,94119,94144,94147,94260,94262,94341,94343,94349,94354,94362,94370,94374,94377,94379,94412,94414,94422,94428,94435,94442,94445,94447,94480],[10,92840,3536,92842,408,92844,92847],{"id":92841},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92843,36149],{},[15,92845,92846],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92849,92850,398,92852,92854],{},[15,92851,36149],{},[15,92853,92846],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[161,92856,92857,92865],{},[164,92858,92859,92861,92862],{},[15,92860,36149],{}," creates a ",[214,92863,92864],{},"range object",[164,92866,92867,92861,92869],{},[15,92868,92846],{},[214,92870,92871],{},"real list",[20,92873,92874,92875,92877,92878,92881,92882,92884,92885,92887],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92876,90620],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92879,92880],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92883,36149],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92886,92846],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,92889,3570],{"id":3569},[35,92891,92893],{"className":37,"code":92892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92894,92895,92909,92922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92896,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92898,51],{"class":50},[44,92900,55],{"class":54},[44,92902,54007],{"class":127},[44,92904,115],{"class":58},[44,92906,1410],{"class":62},[44,92908,121],{"class":58},[44,92910,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92912,128],{"class":127},[44,92914,115],{"class":58},[44,92916,105],{"class":111},[44,92918,1476],{"class":58},[44,92920,92921],{"class":140},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92923,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,92925,128],{"class":127},[44,92927,115],{"class":58},[44,92929,226],{"class":1458},[44,92931,115],{"class":58},[44,92933,105],{"class":111},[44,92935,5315],{"class":58},[44,92937,92938],{"class":140},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92940,144,92941,92943,92944,92946],{},[15,92942,36149],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92945,92846],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,92948,92950],{"id":92949},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92952,92953],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[161,92955,92956,92963,92968,92971],{},[164,92957,92958,21926,92960,92962],{},[15,92959,36149],{},[214,92961,92864],{},", not a list",[164,92964,92965,92967],{},[15,92966,92846],{}," converts that range object into a list",[164,92969,92970],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[164,92972,92973],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92975,2164],{},[35,92977,92979],{"className":37,"code":92978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92980,92981,92996,93015,93019,93029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92982,92983,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92984,92985],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92987,55],{"class":54},[44,92989,54007],{"class":127},[44,92991,115],{"class":58},[44,92993,1410],{"class":62},[44,92995,121],{"class":58},[44,92997,92998,93001,93003,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,92999,93000],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,93002,55],{"class":54},[44,93004,22510],{"class":1458},[44,93006,115],{"class":58},[44,93008,246],{"class":127},[44,93010,115],{"class":58},[44,93012,1410],{"class":62},[44,93014,637],{"class":58},[44,93016,93017],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93018,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,93020,93021,93023,93025,93027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93022,128],{"class":127},[44,93024,115],{"class":58},[44,93026,60428],{"class":111},[44,93028,121],{"class":58},[44,93030,93031,93033,93035,93038],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,93032,128],{"class":127},[44,93034,115],{"class":58},[44,93036,93037],{"class":111},"lst",[44,93039,121],{"class":58},[20,93041,2028],{},[35,93043,93045],{"className":37,"code":93044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93046,93047,93061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93048,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93050,246],{"class":127},[44,93052,115],{"class":58},[44,93054,746],{"class":62},[44,93056,66],{"class":58},[44,93058,4557],{"class":62},[44,93060,121],{"class":58},[44,93062,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073,93075,93077,93079,93081,93083],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93064,3856],{"class":58},[44,93066,746],{"class":62},[44,93068,66],{"class":58},[44,93070,5450],{"class":62},[44,93072,66],{"class":58},[44,93074,69],{"class":62},[44,93076,66],{"class":58},[44,93078,2408],{"class":62},[44,93080,66],{"class":58},[44,93082,90],{"class":62},[44,93084,72],{"class":58},[20,93086,93087],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,93089,93091],{"className":37,"code":93090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93092,93093,93111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93094,93095,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107,93109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93096,128],{"class":127},[44,93098,115],{"class":58},[44,93100,1459],{"class":1458},[44,93102,115],{"class":58},[44,93104,246],{"class":127},[44,93106,115],{"class":58},[44,93108,1410],{"class":62},[44,93110,2871],{"class":58},[44,93112,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121,93123,93125,93127,93129,93131],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93114,128],{"class":127},[44,93116,115],{"class":58},[44,93118,1459],{"class":1458},[44,93120,115],{"class":58},[44,93122,226],{"class":1458},[44,93124,115],{"class":58},[44,93126,246],{"class":127},[44,93128,115],{"class":58},[44,93130,1410],{"class":62},[44,93132,93133],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,93135,2028],{},[35,93137,93139],{"className":37,"code":93138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93140,93141,93155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93142,93143,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93144,3248],{"class":54},[44,93146,3251],{"class":2022},[44,93148,3254],{"class":272},[44,93150,246],{"class":276},[44,93152,3259],{"class":272},[44,93154,3262],{"class":54},[44,93156,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93158,3248],{"class":54},[44,93160,3251],{"class":2022},[44,93162,3254],{"class":272},[44,93164,226],{"class":276},[44,93166,3259],{"class":272},[44,93168,3262],{"class":54},[20,93170,93171,93172,93174,93175,108],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93173,36149],{}," works, see ",[394,93176,3536,93177,3469],{"href":92830},[15,93178,36149],{},[30,93180,151,93182,93184],{"id":93181},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93183,36149],{}," gives you",[20,93186,93187,93189,93190,93192],{},[15,93188,36149],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93191,5909],{}," loops.",[161,93194,93195,93198,93201,93204],{},[164,93196,93197],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[164,93199,93200],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[164,93202,93203],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[164,93205,93206,93207],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93208,93209],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93211,2164],{},[35,93213,93215],{"className":37,"code":93214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93216,93217,93233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93218,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93220,5909],{"class":3832},[44,93222,69314],{"class":50},[44,93224,3839],{"class":3832},[44,93226,54007],{"class":127},[44,93228,115],{"class":58},[44,93230,1410],{"class":62},[44,93232,8288],{"class":58},[44,93234,93235,93237,93239,93241],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93236,8017],{"class":127},[44,93238,115],{"class":58},[44,93240,36105],{"class":111},[44,93242,121],{"class":58},[20,93244,2028],{},[35,93246,93248],{"className":37,"code":93247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93249,93250,93254,93258,93262,93266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93251,93252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93253,47203],{"class":62},[44,93255,93256],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93257,46868],{"class":62},[44,93259,93260],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93261,17006],{"class":62},[44,93263,93264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93265,46568],{"class":62},[44,93267,93268],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,93269,48601],{"class":62},[20,93271,20721,93272,93274],{},[15,93273,90620],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93276,93277,93278,93280,93281,108],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93279,36149],{}," is so common with ",[394,93282,3536,93284,90651],{"href":93283},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93285,5909],{},[20,93287,93288],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93290,93292],{"className":37,"code":93291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93293,93294,93316,93320,93330,93344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93295,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93297,92985],{"class":50},[44,93299,55],{"class":54},[44,93301,54007],{"class":127},[44,93303,115],{"class":58},[44,93305,801],{"class":62},[44,93307,66],{"class":58},[44,93309,5956],{"class":62},[44,93311,66],{"class":58},[44,93313,69],{"class":62},[44,93315,121],{"class":58},[44,93317,93318],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93319,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,93321,93322,93324,93326,93328],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93323,128],{"class":127},[44,93325,115],{"class":58},[44,93327,60428],{"class":111},[44,93329,121],{"class":58},[44,93331,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93333,128],{"class":127},[44,93335,115],{"class":58},[44,93337,11112],{"class":127},[44,93339,115],{"class":58},[44,93341,60428],{"class":111},[44,93343,637],{"class":58},[44,93345,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93357],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,93347,128],{"class":127},[44,93349,115],{"class":58},[44,93351,80360],{"class":62},[44,93353,21124],{"class":3832},[44,93355,93356],{"class":111}," r",[44,93358,121],{"class":58},[20,93360,2028],{},[35,93362,93364],{"className":37,"code":93363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93365,93366,93384,93388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93367,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93369,246],{"class":127},[44,93371,115],{"class":58},[44,93373,801],{"class":62},[44,93375,66],{"class":58},[44,93377,5956],{"class":62},[44,93379,66],{"class":58},[44,93381,69],{"class":62},[44,93383,121],{"class":58},[44,93385,93386],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93387,48601],{"class":62},[44,93389,93390],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93391,3936],{"class":1582},[30,93393,151,93395,93184],{"id":93394},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93396,92846],{},[20,93398,93399,93401],{},[15,93400,92846],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[161,93403,93404,93407,93410,93413],{},[164,93405,93406],{},"It creates all values at once",[164,93408,93409],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[164,93411,93412],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[164,93414,93415,93416,93418],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93417,36149],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93420,2164],{},[35,93422,93424],{"className":37,"code":93423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93425,93426,93444,93448,93458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93427,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440,93442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93429,51],{"class":50},[44,93431,55],{"class":54},[44,93433,22510],{"class":1458},[44,93435,115],{"class":58},[44,93437,246],{"class":127},[44,93439,115],{"class":58},[44,93441,1410],{"class":62},[44,93443,637],{"class":58},[44,93445,93446],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93447,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93451,128],{"class":127},[44,93453,115],{"class":58},[44,93455,105],{"class":111},[44,93457,121],{"class":58},[44,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93461,128],{"class":127},[44,93463,115],{"class":58},[44,93465,105],{"class":111},[44,93467,3856],{"class":58},[44,93469,801],{"class":62},[44,93471,466],{"class":58},[20,93473,2028],{},[35,93475,93477],{"className":37,"code":93476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93478,93479,93503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93480,93481,93483,93485,93487,93489,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93482,3856],{"class":58},[44,93484,746],{"class":62},[44,93486,66],{"class":58},[44,93488,5450],{"class":62},[44,93490,66],{"class":58},[44,93492,69],{"class":62},[44,93494,66],{"class":58},[44,93496,2408],{"class":62},[44,93498,66],{"class":58},[44,93500,90],{"class":62},[44,93502,72],{"class":58},[44,93504,93505],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93506,17006],{"class":62},[20,93508,93509],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93511,93512,93513,108],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[394,93514,3536,93515,3469],{"href":64613},[15,93516,24731],{},[30,93518,1638,93520],{"id":93519},"when-to-use-range",[15,93521,36149],{},[20,93523,144,93524,10551],{},[15,93525,36149],{},[161,93527,93528,93533,93536,93539],{},[164,93529,93530,93531,91380],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93532,5909],{},[164,93534,93535],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[164,93537,93538],{},"You are working with large sequences",[164,93540,93541],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93543,2164],{},[35,93545,93547],{"className":37,"code":93546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93548,93549,93569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93550,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561,93563,93565,93567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93552,5909],{"class":3832},[44,93554,69314],{"class":50},[44,93556,3839],{"class":3832},[44,93558,54007],{"class":127},[44,93560,115],{"class":58},[44,93562,63],{"class":62},[44,93564,66],{"class":58},[44,93566,37594],{"class":62},[44,93568,8288],{"class":58},[44,93570,93571,93573,93575,93577,93580,93582,93584,93586],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93572,8017],{"class":127},[44,93574,115],{"class":58},[44,93576,273],{"class":272},[44,93578,93579],{"class":276},"Count:",[44,93581,273],{"class":272},[44,93583,66],{"class":58},[44,93585,36081],{"class":111},[44,93587,121],{"class":58},[20,93589,2028],{},[35,93591,93593],{"className":37,"code":93592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93594,93595,93604,93612,93620,93628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93596,93597,93600,93602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93598,93599],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93601,159],{"class":58},[44,93603,29566],{"class":62},[44,93605,93606,93608,93610],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93607,93599],{"class":50},[44,93609,159],{"class":58},[44,93611,45540],{"class":62},[44,93613,93614,93616,93618],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93615,93599],{"class":50},[44,93617,159],{"class":58},[44,93619,2534],{"class":62},[44,93621,93622,93624,93626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93623,93599],{"class":50},[44,93625,159],{"class":58},[44,93627,23614],{"class":62},[44,93629,93630,93632,93634],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,93631,93599],{"class":50},[44,93633,159],{"class":58},[44,93635,34793],{"class":62},[20,93637,93638],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93640,93641,93642,93644,93645,1425,93647,108],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93643,35701],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93646,36548],{},[394,93648,36555,93650,36558],{"href":93649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93651,35701],{},[30,93653,1638,93655],{"id":93654},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93656,92846],{},[20,93658,144,93659,10551],{},[15,93660,92846],{},[161,93662,93663,93666,93669,93672],{},[164,93664,93665],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[164,93667,93668],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[164,93670,93671],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[164,93673,93674],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93676,2164],{},[35,93678,93680],{"className":37,"code":93679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93681,93682,93700,93714,93718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93683,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694,93696,93698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93685,51],{"class":50},[44,93687,55],{"class":54},[44,93689,22510],{"class":1458},[44,93691,115],{"class":58},[44,93693,246],{"class":127},[44,93695,115],{"class":58},[44,93697,1410],{"class":62},[44,93699,637],{"class":58},[44,93701,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710,93712],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93703,105],{"class":50},[44,93705,108],{"class":58},[44,93707,520],{"class":111},[44,93709,115],{"class":58},[44,93711,1410],{"class":62},[44,93713,121],{"class":58},[44,93715,93716],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93717,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,93719,93720,93722,93724,93726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93721,128],{"class":127},[44,93723,115],{"class":58},[44,93725,105],{"class":111},[44,93727,121],{"class":58},[20,93729,2028],{},[35,93731,93733],{"className":37,"code":93732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93734,93735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93736,93737,93739,93741,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759,93761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93738,3856],{"class":58},[44,93740,746],{"class":62},[44,93742,66],{"class":58},[44,93744,5450],{"class":62},[44,93746,66],{"class":58},[44,93748,69],{"class":62},[44,93750,66],{"class":58},[44,93752,2408],{"class":62},[44,93754,66],{"class":58},[44,93756,90],{"class":62},[44,93758,66],{"class":58},[44,93760,4557],{"class":62},[44,93762,72],{"class":58},[20,93764,6012,93765,93767],{},[15,93766,105],{}," is a list.",[30,93769,15545],{"id":15544},[20,93771,93772,93774,93775,108],{},[15,93773,36149],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[214,93776,37548],{},[20,93778,2065],{},[161,93780,93781,93783,93788,93793,93796],{},[164,93782,21936],{},[164,93784,93785,93786],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93787,42312],{},[164,93789,93790,93791],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93792,3839],{},[164,93794,93795],{},"You can index it",[164,93797,93798,93799,93801],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93800,411],{}," do not work on it",[20,93803,2164],{},[35,93805,93807],{"className":37,"code":93806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93808,93809,93823,93827,93841,93855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93810,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93812,92985],{"class":50},[44,93814,55],{"class":54},[44,93816,54007],{"class":127},[44,93818,115],{"class":58},[44,93820,1410],{"class":62},[44,93822,121],{"class":58},[44,93824,93825],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93826,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,93828,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93830,128],{"class":127},[44,93832,115],{"class":58},[44,93834,60428],{"class":111},[44,93836,3856],{"class":58},[44,93838,801],{"class":62},[44,93840,466],{"class":58},[44,93842,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93844,128],{"class":127},[44,93846,115],{"class":58},[44,93848,11112],{"class":127},[44,93850,115],{"class":58},[44,93852,60428],{"class":111},[44,93854,637],{"class":58},[44,93856,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,93858,128],{"class":127},[44,93860,115],{"class":58},[44,93862,85],{"class":62},[44,93864,21124],{"class":3832},[44,93866,93356],{"class":111},[44,93868,121],{"class":58},[20,93870,2028],{},[35,93872,93874],{"className":37,"code":93873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93875,93876,93880,93884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93877,93878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93879,17006],{"class":62},[44,93881,93882],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93883,2906],{"class":62},[44,93885,93886],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,93887,3936],{"class":1582},[20,93889,93890],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93892,93894],{"className":37,"code":93893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93895,93896,93910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93897,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93899,92985],{"class":50},[44,93901,55],{"class":54},[44,93903,54007],{"class":127},[44,93905,115],{"class":58},[44,93907,1410],{"class":62},[44,93909,121],{"class":58},[44,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,93913,60428],{"class":50},[44,93915,108],{"class":58},[44,93917,520],{"class":111},[44,93919,115],{"class":58},[44,93921,1410],{"class":62},[44,93923,121],{"class":58},[20,93925,2028],{},[35,93927,93929],{"className":37,"code":93928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93930,93931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93932,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93948,93950,93952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93934,25622],{"class":1458},[44,93936,159],{"class":58},[44,93938,3254],{"class":272},[44,93940,246],{"class":276},[44,93942,3259],{"class":272},[44,93944,24568],{"class":1458},[44,93946,93947],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93949,3259],{"class":272},[44,93951,520],{"class":276},[44,93953,29651],{"class":272},[20,93955,93956,93957,798,93959,2149,93961,93963],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93958,411],{},[15,93960,55458],{},[15,93962,64077],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93965,93966,93967,108],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[394,93968,25630,93969],{"href":35371},[15,93970,34205],{},[30,93972,93974],{"id":93973},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93976,93977],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93979,93980],{"className":37,"code":92456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93981,93982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93985,128],{"class":127},[44,93987,115],{"class":58},[44,93989,246],{"class":127},[44,93991,115],{"class":58},[44,93993,1410],{"class":62},[44,93995,637],{"class":58},[20,93997,93998],{},"to show:",[35,94000,94001],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94002,94003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94004,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94006,3856],{"class":58},[44,94008,746],{"class":62},[44,94010,66],{"class":58},[44,94012,5450],{"class":62},[44,94014,66],{"class":58},[44,94016,69],{"class":62},[44,94018,66],{"class":58},[44,94020,2408],{"class":62},[44,94022,66],{"class":58},[44,94024,90],{"class":62},[44,94026,72],{"class":58},[20,94028,94029],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,94031,94032],{"className":37,"code":92477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94033,94034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94035,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94037,246],{"class":127},[44,94039,115],{"class":58},[44,94041,746],{"class":62},[44,94043,66],{"class":58},[44,94045,4557],{"class":62},[44,94047,121],{"class":58},[20,94049,4580,94050,94052],{},[214,94051,4583],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94054,94055,94056,94058],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[214,94057,92864],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94060,94061],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,94063,94064],{"className":37,"code":90813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94065,94066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94069,128],{"class":127},[44,94071,115],{"class":58},[44,94073,226],{"class":1458},[44,94075,115],{"class":58},[44,94077,246],{"class":127},[44,94079,115],{"class":58},[44,94081,1410],{"class":62},[44,94083,2871],{"class":58},[20,94085,2028],{},[35,94087,94088],{"className":37,"code":59944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94089,94090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94091,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94093,3856],{"class":58},[44,94095,746],{"class":62},[44,94097,66],{"class":58},[44,94099,5450],{"class":62},[44,94101,66],{"class":58},[44,94103,69],{"class":62},[44,94105,66],{"class":58},[44,94107,2408],{"class":62},[44,94109,66],{"class":58},[44,94111,90],{"class":62},[44,94113,72],{"class":58},[30,94115,2788],{"id":2787},[20,94117,94118],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[161,94120,94121,94127,94130,94136],{},[164,94122,582,94123,94126],{},[15,94124,94125],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[164,94128,94129],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[164,94131,94132,94133,94135],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94134,36149],{}," is iterable but not a list",[164,94137,582,94138,94140,94141,94143],{},[15,94139,92846],{}," when plain ",[15,94142,36149],{}," would be simpler",[20,94145,94146],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94148,94150],{"className":37,"code":94149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94151,94152,94166,94184,94202,94224,94242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94153,94154,94156,94158,94160,94162,94164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94155,128],{"class":127},[44,94157,115],{"class":58},[44,94159,246],{"class":127},[44,94161,115],{"class":58},[44,94163,1410],{"class":62},[44,94165,637],{"class":58},[44,94167,94168,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94169,128],{"class":127},[44,94171,115],{"class":58},[44,94173,226],{"class":1458},[44,94175,115],{"class":58},[44,94177,246],{"class":127},[44,94179,115],{"class":58},[44,94181,1410],{"class":62},[44,94183,2871],{"class":58},[44,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,94187,128],{"class":127},[44,94189,115],{"class":58},[44,94191,1459],{"class":1458},[44,94193,115],{"class":58},[44,94195,246],{"class":127},[44,94197,115],{"class":58},[44,94199,1410],{"class":62},[44,94201,2871],{"class":58},[44,94203,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94205,128],{"class":127},[44,94207,115],{"class":58},[44,94209,1459],{"class":1458},[44,94211,115],{"class":58},[44,94213,226],{"class":1458},[44,94215,115],{"class":58},[44,94217,246],{"class":127},[44,94219,115],{"class":58},[44,94221,1410],{"class":62},[44,94223,93133],{"class":58},[44,94225,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238,94240],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,94227,128],{"class":127},[44,94229,115],{"class":58},[44,94231,85],{"class":62},[44,94233,21124],{"class":3832},[44,94235,54007],{"class":127},[44,94237,115],{"class":58},[44,94239,1410],{"class":62},[44,94241,637],{"class":58},[44,94243,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,94245,128],{"class":127},[44,94247,115],{"class":58},[44,94249,11112],{"class":127},[44,94251,115],{"class":58},[44,94253,246],{"class":127},[44,94255,115],{"class":58},[44,94257,1410],{"class":62},[44,94259,2871],{"class":58},[20,94261,2028],{},[35,94263,94265],{"className":37,"code":94264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94266,94267,94281,94305,94319,94333,94337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94268,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94270,246],{"class":127},[44,94272,115],{"class":58},[44,94274,746],{"class":62},[44,94276,66],{"class":58},[44,94278,4557],{"class":62},[44,94280,121],{"class":58},[44,94282,94283,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297,94299,94301,94303],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94284,3856],{"class":58},[44,94286,746],{"class":62},[44,94288,66],{"class":58},[44,94290,5450],{"class":62},[44,94292,66],{"class":58},[44,94294,69],{"class":62},[44,94296,66],{"class":58},[44,94298,2408],{"class":62},[44,94300,66],{"class":58},[44,94302,90],{"class":62},[44,94304,72],{"class":58},[44,94306,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,94308,3248],{"class":54},[44,94310,3251],{"class":2022},[44,94312,3254],{"class":272},[44,94314,246],{"class":276},[44,94316,3259],{"class":272},[44,94318,3262],{"class":54},[44,94320,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94322,3248],{"class":54},[44,94324,3251],{"class":2022},[44,94326,3254],{"class":272},[44,94328,226],{"class":276},[44,94330,3259],{"class":272},[44,94332,3262],{"class":54},[44,94334,94335],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,94336,3936],{"class":1582},[44,94338,94339],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,94340,2906],{"class":62},[30,94342,1757],{"id":1756},[420,94344,14851,94346,94348],{"id":94345},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94347,36149],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94350,46316,94351,94353],{},[15,94352,36149],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[420,94355,94357,94358,11042,94360,1778],{"id":94356},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94359,36149],{},[15,94361,92846],{},[20,94363,94364,94366,94367,94369],{},[15,94365,36149],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94368,92846],{}," creates a full list.",[420,94371,94373],{"id":94372},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94375,94376],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94378,2164],{},[35,94380,94382],{"className":37,"code":94381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94383,94384,94398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94385,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94387,92985],{"class":50},[44,94389,55],{"class":54},[44,94391,54007],{"class":127},[44,94393,115],{"class":58},[44,94395,1410],{"class":62},[44,94397,121],{"class":58},[44,94399,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94401,128],{"class":127},[44,94403,115],{"class":58},[44,94405,60428],{"class":111},[44,94407,3856],{"class":58},[44,94409,63],{"class":62},[44,94411,466],{"class":58},[20,94413,2028],{},[35,94415,94416],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94417,94418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94419,94420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94421,46868],{"class":62},[420,94423,5112,94425,94427],{"id":94424},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94426,94125],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94429,94430,94431,94434],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94432,94433],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[420,94436,94438,94439,94441],{"id":94437},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94440,36149],{}," to a list?",[20,94443,94444],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94446,1821],{"id":1820},[161,94448,94449,94455,94461,94468,94474],{},[164,94450,94451],{},[394,94452,3536,94453,3469],{"href":92830},[15,94454,36149],{},[164,94456,94457],{},[394,94458,3536,94459,3469],{"href":64613},[15,94460,24731],{},[164,94462,94463],{},[394,94464,3536,94465,94467],{"href":93283},[15,94466,5909],{}," loops explained",[164,94469,94470],{},[394,94471,37469,94472,36558],{"href":93649},[15,94473,35701],{},[164,94475,94476],{},[394,94477,26073,94478],{"href":35371},[15,94479,34205],{},[1872,94481,94482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":94484},[94485,94486,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94496,94497,94498,94509],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":92949,"depth":75,"text":92950},{"id":93181,"depth":75,"text":94488},"What range() gives you",{"id":93394,"depth":75,"text":94490},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93519,"depth":75,"text":94492},"When to use range()",{"id":93654,"depth":75,"text":94494},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15544,"depth":75,"text":15545},{"id":93973,"depth":75,"text":93974},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":94499},[94500,94502,94504,94505,94507],{"id":94345,"depth":95,"text":94501},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94356,"depth":95,"text":94503},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94372,"depth":95,"text":94373},{"id":94424,"depth":95,"text":94506},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94437,"depth":95,"text":94508},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92836,"description":94510},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94517,"title":94518,"body":94519,"description":95955,"extension":1921,"meta":95956,"navigation":98,"path":95957,"seo":95958,"stem":95959,"__hash__":95960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94520,"toc":95921},[94521,94527,94532,94535,94549,94552,94554,94593,94595,94608,94616,94621,94637,94640,94642,94644,94665,94682,94685,94744,94746,94765,94770,94776,94779,94813,94815,94828,94831,94876,94878,94901,94908,94914,94917,94958,94960,94974,94977,95035,95037,95052,95065,95071,95077,95142,95144,95163,95165,95183,95186,95190,95196,95198,95231,95233,95246,95256,95259,95320,95322,95343,95346,95348,95364,95369,95373,95378,95383,95439,95441,95459,95462,95507,95509,95517,95522,95526,95540,95542,95574,95576,95585,95587,95591,95600,95603,95635,95637,95649,95652,95656,95661,95702,95704,95712,95715,95738,95742,95744,95753,95756,95809,95811,95820,95824,95829,95840,95842,95851,95854,95860,95863,95869,95879,95887,95894,95896,95918],[10,94522,3536,94524,3540],{"id":94523},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94525,94526],{},"round()",[20,94528,9071,94529,94531],{},[15,94530,94526],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94533,94534],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[161,94536,94537,94543],{},[164,94538,94539,94542],{},[15,94540,94541],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[164,94544,94545,94548],{},[15,94546,94547],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94550,94551],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94553,33],{"id":32},[35,94555,94557],{"className":37,"code":94556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94558,94559,94575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94560,94561,94563,94565,94568,94570,94573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94562,128],{"class":127},[44,94564,115],{"class":58},[44,94566,94567],{"class":127},"round",[44,94569,115],{"class":58},[44,94571,94572],{"class":62},"3.14159",[44,94574,637],{"class":58},[44,94576,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94578,128],{"class":127},[44,94580,115],{"class":58},[44,94582,94567],{"class":127},[44,94584,115],{"class":58},[44,94586,94572],{"class":62},[44,94588,66],{"class":58},[44,94590,69],{"class":62},[44,94592,637],{"class":58},[20,94594,2028],{},[35,94596,94598],{"className":37,"code":94597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94599,94600,94604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94601,94602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94603,46568],{"class":62},[44,94605,94606],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94607,40128],{"class":62},[20,94609,144,94610,94612,94613,94615],{},[15,94611,94541],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94614,94547],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94617,151,94619,154],{"id":94618},"what-round-does",[15,94620,94526],{},[161,94622,94623,94628,94631,94634],{},[164,94624,94625,94627],{},[15,94626,94526],{}," is a built-in Python function",[164,94629,94630],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[164,94632,94633],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[164,94635,94636],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94638,94639],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94641,188],{"id":187},[20,94643,2116],{},[35,94645,94647],{"className":37,"code":94646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94648,94649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94650,94651,94653,94655,94657,94660,94663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94652,94567],{"class":127},[44,94654,115],{"class":58},[44,94656,2196],{"class":111},[44,94658,94659],{"class":58},"[,",[44,94661,94662],{"class":111}," ndigits",[44,94664,466],{"class":58},[161,94666,94667,94672,94677],{},[164,94668,94669,94671],{},[15,94670,2196],{}," is the value to round",[164,94673,94674,19989],{},[15,94675,94676],{},"ndigits",[164,94678,94679,94681],{},[15,94680,94676],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94683,94684],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94686,94688],{"className":37,"code":94687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94689,94690,94705,94723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94691,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94693,128],{"class":127},[44,94695,115],{"class":58},[44,94697,94567],{"class":127},[44,94699,115],{"class":58},[44,94701,94702],{"class":62},"7.8",[44,94704,637],{"class":58},[44,94706,94707,94709,94711,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94708,128],{"class":127},[44,94710,115],{"class":58},[44,94712,94567],{"class":127},[44,94714,115],{"class":58},[44,94716,94702],{"class":62},[44,94718,66],{"class":58},[44,94720,5450],{"class":62},[44,94722,637],{"class":58},[44,94724,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733,94736,94738,94740,94742],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,94726,128],{"class":127},[44,94728,115],{"class":58},[44,94730,94567],{"class":127},[44,94732,115],{"class":58},[44,94734,94735],{"class":62},"1234",[44,94737,66],{"class":58},[44,94739,2179],{"class":54},[44,94741,801],{"class":62},[44,94743,637],{"class":58},[20,94745,2028],{},[35,94747,94749],{"className":37,"code":94748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94750,94751,94755,94760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94752,94753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94754,2338],{"class":62},[44,94756,94757],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94758,94759],{"class":62},"7.8\n",[44,94761,94762],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,94763,94764],{"class":62},"1200\n",[20,94766,94767,94768,108],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[394,94769,2376],{"href":2375},[30,94771,582,94773,94775],{"id":94772},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94774,94526],{}," with one argument",[20,94777,94778],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94780,94782],{"className":37,"code":94781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94783,94784,94798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94785,94786,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94787,128],{"class":127},[44,94789,115],{"class":58},[44,94791,94567],{"class":127},[44,94793,115],{"class":58},[44,94795,2319],{"class":62},[44,94797,637],{"class":58},[44,94799,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808,94811],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94801,128],{"class":127},[44,94803,115],{"class":58},[44,94805,94567],{"class":127},[44,94807,115],{"class":58},[44,94809,94810],{"class":62},"4.8",[44,94812,637],{"class":58},[20,94814,2028],{},[35,94816,94818],{"className":37,"code":94817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94819,94820,94824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94821,94822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94823,48601],{"class":62},[44,94825,94826],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94827,2906],{"class":62},[20,94829,94830],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94832,94834],{"className":37,"code":94833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94835,94836,94852,94862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94837,94838,94840,94842,94845,94847,94850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94839,911],{"class":50},[44,94841,55],{"class":54},[44,94843,94844],{"class":127}," round",[44,94846,115],{"class":58},[44,94848,94849],{"class":62},"10.2",[44,94851,121],{"class":58},[44,94853,94854,94856,94858,94860],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94855,128],{"class":127},[44,94857,115],{"class":58},[44,94859,943],{"class":111},[44,94861,121],{"class":58},[44,94863,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,94865,128],{"class":127},[44,94867,115],{"class":58},[44,94869,1459],{"class":1458},[44,94871,115],{"class":58},[44,94873,943],{"class":111},[44,94875,637],{"class":58},[20,94877,2028],{},[35,94879,94881],{"className":37,"code":94880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94882,94883,94887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94884,94885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94886,2333],{"class":62},[44,94888,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94890,3248],{"class":54},[44,94892,3251],{"class":2022},[44,94894,3254],{"class":272},[44,94896,2145],{"class":276},[44,94898,3259],{"class":272},[44,94900,3262],{"class":54},[20,94902,94903,94904,108],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[394,94905,3536,94906,3469],{"href":2833},[15,94907,2836],{},[30,94909,582,94911,94913],{"id":94910},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94912,94526],{}," with decimal places",[20,94915,94916],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94918,94920],{"className":37,"code":94919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94921,94922,94940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94923,94924,94926,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94925,128],{"class":127},[44,94927,115],{"class":58},[44,94929,94567],{"class":127},[44,94931,115],{"class":58},[44,94933,94572],{"class":62},[44,94935,66],{"class":58},[44,94937,69],{"class":62},[44,94939,637],{"class":58},[44,94941,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94943,128],{"class":127},[44,94945,115],{"class":58},[44,94947,94567],{"class":127},[44,94949,115],{"class":58},[44,94951,94572],{"class":62},[44,94953,66],{"class":58},[44,94955,2408],{"class":62},[44,94957,637],{"class":58},[20,94959,2028],{},[35,94961,94963],{"className":37,"code":94962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94964,94965,94969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94966,94967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94968,40128],{"class":62},[44,94970,94971],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94972,94973],{"class":62},"3.142\n",[20,94975,94976],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94978,94980],{"className":37,"code":94979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94981,94982,94991,95010,95014,95024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94983,94984,94986,94988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94985,40338],{"class":50},[44,94987,55],{"class":54},[44,94989,94990],{"class":62}," 19.9876\n",[44,94992,94993,94996,94998,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,94994,94995],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94997,55],{"class":54},[44,94999,94844],{"class":127},[44,95001,115],{"class":58},[44,95003,25100],{"class":111},[44,95005,66],{"class":58},[44,95007,69],{"class":62},[44,95009,121],{"class":58},[44,95011,95012],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95013,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,95015,95016,95018,95020,95022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95017,128],{"class":127},[44,95019,115],{"class":58},[44,95021,25100],{"class":111},[44,95023,121],{"class":58},[44,95025,95026,95028,95030,95033],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,95027,128],{"class":127},[44,95029,115],{"class":58},[44,95031,95032],{"class":111},"rounded_price",[44,95034,121],{"class":58},[20,95036,2028],{},[35,95038,95040],{"className":37,"code":95039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95041,95042,95047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95043,95044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95045,95046],{"class":62},"19.9876\n",[44,95048,95049],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95050,95051],{"class":62},"19.99\n",[20,95053,95054,95055,95058,95059,2837,95061,108],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95056,95057],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[394,95060,40843],{"href":40842},[394,95062,3536,95063,3469],{"href":2840},[15,95064,2843],{},[30,95066,95068,95069],{"id":95067},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95070,94676],{},[20,95072,95073,95074,95076],{},"A negative ",[15,95075,94676],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,95078,95080],{"className":37,"code":95079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95081,95082,95102,95122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95083,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95085,128],{"class":127},[44,95087,115],{"class":58},[44,95089,94567],{"class":127},[44,95091,115],{"class":58},[44,95093,94735],{"class":62},[44,95095,66],{"class":58},[44,95097,2179],{"class":54},[44,95099,63],{"class":62},[44,95101,637],{"class":58},[44,95103,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116,95118,95120],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95105,128],{"class":127},[44,95107,115],{"class":58},[44,95109,94567],{"class":127},[44,95111,115],{"class":58},[44,95113,94735],{"class":62},[44,95115,66],{"class":58},[44,95117,2179],{"class":54},[44,95119,801],{"class":62},[44,95121,637],{"class":58},[44,95123,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95125,128],{"class":127},[44,95127,115],{"class":58},[44,95129,94567],{"class":127},[44,95131,115],{"class":58},[44,95133,94735],{"class":62},[44,95135,66],{"class":58},[44,95137,2179],{"class":54},[44,95139,85],{"class":62},[44,95141,637],{"class":58},[20,95143,2028],{},[35,95145,95147],{"className":37,"code":95146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95148,95149,95154,95158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95150,95151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95152,95153],{"class":62},"1230\n",[44,95155,95156],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95157,94764],{"class":62},[44,95159,95160],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95161,95162],{"class":62},"1000\n",[20,95164,65350],{},[161,95166,95167,95172,95178],{},[164,95168,95169,95171],{},[15,95170,65620],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[164,95173,95174,95177],{},[15,95175,95176],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[164,95179,95180,95182],{},[15,95181,47622],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95184,95185],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95187,95189],{"id":95188},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95191,95192,95193,108],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95194,95195],{},".5",[20,95197,1659],{},[35,95199,95201],{"className":37,"code":95200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95202,95203,95217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95204,95205,95207,95209,95211,95213,95215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95206,128],{"class":127},[44,95208,115],{"class":58},[44,95210,94567],{"class":127},[44,95212,115],{"class":58},[44,95214,41110],{"class":62},[44,95216,637],{"class":58},[44,95218,95219,95221,95223,95225,95227,95229],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95220,128],{"class":127},[44,95222,115],{"class":58},[44,95224,94567],{"class":127},[44,95226,115],{"class":58},[44,95228,1998],{"class":62},[44,95230,637],{"class":58},[20,95232,2028],{},[35,95234,95236],{"className":37,"code":95235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95237,95238,95242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95239,95240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95241,17006],{"class":62},[44,95243,95244],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95245,48601],{"class":62},[20,95247,95248,95249,95252,95253,95255],{},"Python uses ",[214,95250,95251],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95254,95195],{}," situations.",[20,95257,95258],{},"More examples:",[35,95260,95262],{"className":37,"code":95261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95263,95264,95278,95292,95306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95265,95266,95268,95270,95272,95274,95276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95267,128],{"class":127},[44,95269,115],{"class":58},[44,95271,94567],{"class":127},[44,95273,115],{"class":58},[44,95275,41123],{"class":62},[44,95277,637],{"class":58},[44,95279,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95281,128],{"class":127},[44,95283,115],{"class":58},[44,95285,94567],{"class":127},[44,95287,115],{"class":58},[44,95289,41110],{"class":62},[44,95291,637],{"class":58},[44,95293,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95295,128],{"class":127},[44,95297,115],{"class":58},[44,95299,94567],{"class":127},[44,95301,115],{"class":58},[44,95303,1998],{"class":62},[44,95305,637],{"class":58},[44,95307,95308,95310,95312,95314,95316,95318],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95309,128],{"class":127},[44,95311,115],{"class":58},[44,95313,94567],{"class":127},[44,95315,115],{"class":58},[44,95317,41075],{"class":62},[44,95319,637],{"class":58},[20,95321,2028],{},[35,95323,95325],{"className":37,"code":95324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95326,95327,95331,95335,95339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95328,95329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95330,17006],{"class":62},[44,95332,95333],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95334,17006],{"class":62},[44,95336,95337],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95338,48601],{"class":62},[44,95340,95341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95342,48601],{"class":62},[20,95344,95345],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95347,10663],{},[161,95349,95350,95357],{},[164,95351,95352,2091,95355],{},[15,95353,95354],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95356,801],{},[164,95358,95359,2091,95362],{},[15,95360,95361],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95363,2461],{},[20,95365,3127,95366,95368],{},[15,95367,95195],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95370,95372],{"id":95371},"return-values","Return values",[20,95374,95375,95377],{},[15,95376,94526],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95379,40857,95380,95382],{},[214,95381,4583],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95384,95386],{"className":37,"code":95385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95387,95388,95397,95401,95411,95429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95389,95390,95392,95394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95391,2403],{"class":50},[44,95393,55],{"class":54},[44,95395,95396],{"class":62}," 3.14159\n",[44,95398,95399],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95400,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,95402,95403,95405,95407,95409],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95404,128],{"class":127},[44,95406,115],{"class":58},[44,95408,2429],{"class":111},[44,95410,121],{"class":58},[44,95412,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95414,128],{"class":127},[44,95416,115],{"class":58},[44,95418,94567],{"class":127},[44,95420,115],{"class":58},[44,95422,2429],{"class":111},[44,95424,66],{"class":58},[44,95426,69],{"class":62},[44,95428,637],{"class":58},[44,95430,95431,95433,95435,95437],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,95432,128],{"class":127},[44,95434,115],{"class":58},[44,95436,2429],{"class":111},[44,95438,121],{"class":58},[20,95440,2028],{},[35,95442,95444],{"className":37,"code":95443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95445,95446,95451,95455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95447,95448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95449,95450],{"class":62},"3.14159\n",[44,95452,95453],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95454,40128],{"class":62},[44,95456,95457],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95458,95450],{"class":62},[20,95460,95461],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95463,95465],{"className":37,"code":95464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95466,95467,95475,95493,95497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95468,95469,95471,95473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95470,2403],{"class":50},[44,95472,55],{"class":54},[44,95474,95396],{"class":62},[44,95476,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489,95491],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95478,2403],{"class":50},[44,95480,55],{"class":54},[44,95482,94844],{"class":127},[44,95484,115],{"class":58},[44,95486,2429],{"class":111},[44,95488,66],{"class":58},[44,95490,69],{"class":62},[44,95492,121],{"class":58},[44,95494,95495],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95496,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,95498,95499,95501,95503,95505],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95500,128],{"class":127},[44,95502,115],{"class":58},[44,95504,2429],{"class":111},[44,95506,121],{"class":58},[20,95508,2028],{},[35,95510,95511],{"className":37,"code":40128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95512,95513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95514,95515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95516,40128],{"class":62},[30,95518,1638,95520],{"id":95519},"when-to-use-round",[15,95521,94526],{},[20,95523,144,95524,1645],{},[15,95525,94526],{},[161,95527,95528,95531,95534,95537],{},[164,95529,95530],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[164,95532,95533],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[164,95535,95536],{},"Round values before reporting results",[164,95538,95539],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95541,1659],{},[35,95543,95545],{"className":37,"code":95544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95546,95547,95556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95548,95549,95551,95553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95550,2553],{"class":50},[44,95552,55],{"class":54},[44,95554,95555],{"class":62}," 12.67891\n",[44,95557,95558,95560,95562,95564,95566,95568,95570,95572],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95559,128],{"class":127},[44,95561,115],{"class":58},[44,95563,94567],{"class":127},[44,95565,115],{"class":58},[44,95567,2576],{"class":111},[44,95569,66],{"class":58},[44,95571,69],{"class":62},[44,95573,637],{"class":58},[20,95575,2028],{},[35,95577,95579],{"className":37,"code":95578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95580,95581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95582,95583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95584,95578],{"class":62},[30,95586,2788],{"id":2787},[20,95588,23045,95589,108],{},[15,95590,94526],{},[420,95592,8399,95594,95596,95597,95599],{"id":95593},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95595,94526],{}," to always round ",[15,95598,95195],{}," upward",[20,95601,95602],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95604,95605],{"className":37,"code":95200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95606,95607,95621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95608,95609,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95610,128],{"class":127},[44,95612,115],{"class":58},[44,95614,94567],{"class":127},[44,95616,115],{"class":58},[44,95618,41110],{"class":62},[44,95620,637],{"class":58},[44,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95624,128],{"class":127},[44,95626,115],{"class":58},[44,95628,94567],{"class":127},[44,95630,115],{"class":58},[44,95632,1998],{"class":62},[44,95634,637],{"class":58},[20,95636,2028],{},[35,95638,95639],{"className":37,"code":95235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95640,95641,95645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95642,95643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95644,17006],{"class":62},[44,95646,95647],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95648,48601],{"class":62},[20,95650,95651],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[420,95653,95655],{"id":95654},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95657,95658,95660],{},[15,95659,94526],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95662,95664],{"className":37,"code":95663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95665,95666,95674,95688,95692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95667,95668,95670,95672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95669,2403],{"class":50},[44,95671,55],{"class":54},[44,95673,95396],{"class":62},[44,95675,95676,95678,95680,95682,95684,95686],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95677,94567],{"class":127},[44,95679,115],{"class":58},[44,95681,2429],{"class":111},[44,95683,66],{"class":58},[44,95685,69],{"class":62},[44,95687,121],{"class":58},[44,95689,95690],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95691,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,95693,95694,95696,95698,95700],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95695,128],{"class":127},[44,95697,115],{"class":58},[44,95699,2429],{"class":111},[44,95701,121],{"class":58},[20,95703,2028],{},[35,95705,95706],{"className":37,"code":95450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95707,95708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95709,95710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95711,95450],{"class":62},[20,95713,95714],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95716,95718],{"className":37,"code":95717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95719,95720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95721,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732,95734,95736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95723,2403],{"class":50},[44,95725,55],{"class":54},[44,95727,94844],{"class":127},[44,95729,115],{"class":58},[44,95731,2429],{"class":111},[44,95733,66],{"class":58},[44,95735,69],{"class":62},[44,95737,121],{"class":58},[420,95739,95741],{"id":95740},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95743,16350],{},[35,95745,95747],{"className":37,"code":95746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95748,95749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95750,95751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95752,95746],{"class":140},[20,95754,95755],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95757,95759],{"className":37,"code":95758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95760,95761,95773,95787,95791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95762,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95764,34638],{"class":50},[44,95766,55],{"class":54},[44,95768,284],{"class":272},[44,95770,40094],{"class":276},[44,95772,3318],{"class":272},[44,95774,95775,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,95776,2174],{"class":50},[44,95778,55],{"class":54},[44,95780,40206],{"class":1458},[44,95782,115],{"class":58},[44,95784,34659],{"class":111},[44,95786,121],{"class":58},[44,95788,95789],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,95790,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,95792,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95794,128],{"class":127},[44,95796,115],{"class":58},[44,95798,94567],{"class":127},[44,95800,115],{"class":58},[44,95802,2196],{"class":111},[44,95804,66],{"class":58},[44,95806,5450],{"class":62},[44,95808,637],{"class":58},[20,95810,2028],{},[35,95812,95814],{"className":37,"code":95813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95815,95816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95817,95818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95819,95813],{"class":62},[420,95821,95823],{"id":95822},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95825,95826,95828],{},[15,95827,94526],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95830,95831,95832,2837,95836,108],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[394,95833,95834],{"href":2840},[15,95835,2843],{},[394,95837,95838],{"href":2833},[15,95839,2836],{},[30,95841,1757],{"id":1756},[420,95843,1761,95845,95847,95848,95850],{"id":95844},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95846,94526],{}," always round ",[15,95849,40165],{}," up?",[20,95852,95853],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[420,95855,1761,95857,95859],{"id":95856},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95858,94526],{}," change the original number?",[20,95861,95862],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[420,95864,5124,95866,95868],{"id":95865},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95867,94526],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95870,95871,95872,95874,95875,2837,95877,108],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95873,94676],{}," value like ",[15,95876,65620],{},[15,95878,95176],{},[420,95880,1790,95882,95884,95885,1778],{"id":95881},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95883,94526],{}," on a string like ",[15,95886,48046],{},[20,95888,95889,95890,2837,95892,108],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95891,2843],{},[15,95893,2836],{},[30,95895,1821],{"id":1820},[161,95897,95898,95904,95910,95914],{},[164,95899,95900],{},[394,95901,3536,95902,3469],{"href":2840},[15,95903,2843],{},[164,95905,95906],{},[394,95907,3536,95908,3469],{"href":2833},[15,95909,2836],{},[164,95911,95912],{},[394,95913,2376],{"href":2375},[164,95915,95916],{},[394,95917,42132],{"href":40842},[1872,95919,95920],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":95922},[95923,95924,95926,95927,95929,95931,95933,95934,95935,95937,95944,95954],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":94618,"depth":75,"text":95925},"What round() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":94772,"depth":75,"text":95928},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94910,"depth":75,"text":95930},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95067,"depth":75,"text":95932},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95188,"depth":75,"text":95189},{"id":95371,"depth":75,"text":95372},{"id":95519,"depth":75,"text":95936},"When to use round()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":95938},[95939,95941,95942,95943],{"id":95593,"depth":95,"text":95940},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95654,"depth":95,"text":95655},{"id":95740,"depth":95,"text":95741},{"id":95822,"depth":95,"text":95823},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":95945},[95946,95948,95950,95952],{"id":95844,"depth":95,"text":95947},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95856,"depth":95,"text":95949},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95865,"depth":95,"text":95951},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95881,"depth":95,"text":95953},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94518,"description":95955},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95962,"title":95963,"body":95964,"description":97149,"extension":1921,"meta":97150,"navigation":98,"path":97151,"seo":97152,"stem":97153,"__hash__":97154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95965,"toc":97123},[95966,95973,95979,95982,95984,96033,96037,96062,96067,96072,96077,96091,96102,96104,96123,96125,96141,96144,96155,96157,96159,96220,96224,96257,96264,96271,96274,96307,96310,96314,96317,96370,96374,96395,96401,96408,96415,96476,96484,96561,96565,96577,96586,96588,96594,96600,96604,96657,96660,96718,96722,96730,96733,96737,96740,96750,96752,96849,96852,96863,96866,96909,96913,96937,96940,96946,96948,96952,96977,96979,97046,97055,97057,97063,97068,97072,97075,97079,97086,97090,97095,97097,97114,97120],[10,95967,95969,95970,18],{"id":95968},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95971,95972],{},"add()",[20,95974,95975,95978],{},[15,95976,95977],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95980,95981],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95983,33],{"id":32},[35,95985,95987],{"className":37,"code":95986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95988,95989,96009,96023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95990,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95992,51],{"class":50},[44,95994,55],{"class":54},[44,95996,10441],{"class":58},[44,95998,63],{"class":62},[44,96000,66],{"class":58},[44,96002,69],{"class":62},[44,96004,66],{"class":58},[44,96006,2408],{"class":62},[44,96008,9258],{"class":58},[44,96010,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96012,105],{"class":50},[44,96014,108],{"class":58},[44,96016,81872],{"class":111},[44,96018,115],{"class":58},[44,96020,2461],{"class":62},[44,96022,121],{"class":58},[44,96024,96025,96027,96029,96031],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96026,128],{"class":127},[44,96028,115],{"class":58},[44,96030,105],{"class":111},[44,96032,121],{"class":58},[20,96034,96035],{},[214,96036,2028],{},[35,96038,96040],{"className":37,"code":96039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96041,96042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96043,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058,96060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96045,9227],{"class":58},[44,96047,63],{"class":62},[44,96049,66],{"class":58},[44,96051,69],{"class":62},[44,96053,66],{"class":58},[44,96055,2408],{"class":62},[44,96057,66],{"class":58},[44,96059,90],{"class":62},[44,96061,9258],{"class":58},[20,96063,144,96064,96066],{},[15,96065,95972],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96068,151,96070,154],{"id":96069},"what-setadd-does",[15,96071,95977],{},[20,96073,96074,96076],{},[15,96075,95977],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[161,96078,96079,96082,96085,96088],{},[164,96080,96081],{},"Adds one item to a set",[164,96083,96084],{},"Changes the original set in place",[164,96086,96087],{},"Does not return a new set",[164,96089,96090],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96092,96093,96094,2837,96098,108],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[394,96095,96097],{"href":96096},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[394,96099,96101],{"href":96100},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,96103,188],{"id":187},[35,96105,96107],{"className":37,"code":96106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96108,96109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96110,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96112,15615],{"class":50},[44,96114,108],{"class":58},[44,96116,81872],{"class":111},[44,96118,115],{"class":58},[44,96120,23261],{"class":111},[44,96122,121],{"class":58},[20,96124,11408],{},[161,96126,96127,96132,96135],{},[164,96128,1076,96129,96131],{},[15,96130,95972],{}," on an existing set",[164,96133,96134],{},"Pass exactly one item",[164,96136,96137,96138],{},"The item must be ",[214,96139,96140],{},"hashable",[20,96142,96143],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[161,96145,96146,96148,96150,96153],{},[164,96147,56388],{},[164,96149,56391],{},[164,96151,96152],{},"Tuples",[164,96154,40546],{},[30,96156,11425],{"id":11424},[20,96158,11428],{},[35,96160,96162],{"className":37,"code":96161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96163,96164,96188,96206,96210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96165,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96167,13026],{"class":50},[44,96169,55],{"class":54},[44,96171,10441],{"class":58},[44,96173,273],{"class":272},[44,96175,13043],{"class":276},[44,96177,273],{"class":272},[44,96179,66],{"class":58},[44,96181,284],{"class":272},[44,96183,13060],{"class":276},[44,96185,273],{"class":272},[44,96187,9258],{"class":58},[44,96189,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96191,17452],{"class":50},[44,96193,108],{"class":58},[44,96195,81872],{"class":111},[44,96197,115],{"class":58},[44,96199,273],{"class":272},[44,96201,17405],{"class":276},[44,96203,273],{"class":272},[44,96205,121],{"class":58},[44,96207,96208],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96209,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96211,96212,96214,96216,96218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96213,128],{"class":127},[44,96215,115],{"class":58},[44,96217,17452],{"class":111},[44,96219,121],{"class":58},[20,96221,96222],{},[214,96223,29981],{},[35,96225,96227],{"className":37,"code":96226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96228,96229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96230,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96232,9227],{"class":58},[44,96234,3259],{"class":272},[44,96236,13043],{"class":276},[44,96238,3259],{"class":272},[44,96240,66],{"class":58},[44,96242,3254],{"class":272},[44,96244,17405],{"class":276},[44,96246,3259],{"class":272},[44,96248,66],{"class":58},[44,96250,3254],{"class":272},[44,96252,13060],{"class":276},[44,96254,3259],{"class":272},[44,96256,9258],{"class":58},[20,96258,96259,96260,96263],{},"The new value ",[15,96261,96262],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96265,96266,96267,96270],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[214,96268,96269],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96272,96273],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96275,96277],{"className":37,"code":96276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96278,96279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96280,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96282,9227],{"class":58},[44,96284,3259],{"class":272},[44,96286,13060],{"class":276},[44,96288,3259],{"class":272},[44,96290,66],{"class":58},[44,96292,3254],{"class":272},[44,96294,13043],{"class":276},[44,96296,3259],{"class":272},[44,96298,66],{"class":58},[44,96300,3254],{"class":272},[44,96302,17405],{"class":276},[44,96304,3259],{"class":272},[44,96306,9258],{"class":58},[20,96308,96309],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96311,96313],{"id":96312},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96315,96316],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96318,96320],{"className":37,"code":96319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96321,96322,96342,96356,96360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96323,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96325,51],{"class":50},[44,96327,55],{"class":54},[44,96329,10441],{"class":58},[44,96331,63],{"class":62},[44,96333,66],{"class":58},[44,96335,69],{"class":62},[44,96337,66],{"class":58},[44,96339,2408],{"class":62},[44,96341,9258],{"class":58},[44,96343,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96345,105],{"class":50},[44,96347,108],{"class":58},[44,96349,81872],{"class":111},[44,96351,115],{"class":58},[44,96353,801],{"class":62},[44,96355,121],{"class":58},[44,96357,96358],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96359,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96361,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96363,128],{"class":127},[44,96365,115],{"class":58},[44,96367,105],{"class":111},[44,96369,121],{"class":58},[20,96371,96372],{},[214,96373,2028],{},[35,96375,96377],{"className":37,"code":96376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96378,96379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96380,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96382,9227],{"class":58},[44,96384,63],{"class":62},[44,96386,66],{"class":58},[44,96388,69],{"class":62},[44,96390,66],{"class":58},[44,96392,2408],{"class":62},[44,96394,9258],{"class":58},[20,96396,96397,96398,96400],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96399,801],{}," was already present.",[30,96402,96404,408,96406],{"id":96403},"add-vs-update",[15,96405,95972],{},[15,96407,14902],{},[20,96409,144,96410,96412,96413,108],{},[15,96411,95972],{}," when you want to add ",[214,96414,52604],{},[35,96416,96418],{"className":37,"code":96417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96419,96420,96444,96462,96466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96421,96422,96424,96426,96428,96430,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96423,672],{"class":50},[44,96425,55],{"class":54},[44,96427,10441],{"class":58},[44,96429,273],{"class":272},[44,96431,394],{"class":276},[44,96433,273],{"class":272},[44,96435,66],{"class":58},[44,96437,284],{"class":272},[44,96439,4714],{"class":276},[44,96441,273],{"class":272},[44,96443,9258],{"class":58},[44,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96447,689],{"class":50},[44,96449,108],{"class":58},[44,96451,81872],{"class":111},[44,96453,115],{"class":58},[44,96455,273],{"class":272},[44,96457,9689],{"class":276},[44,96459,273],{"class":272},[44,96461,121],{"class":58},[44,96463,96464],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96465,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96467,96468,96470,96472,96474],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96469,128],{"class":127},[44,96471,115],{"class":58},[44,96473,689],{"class":111},[44,96475,121],{"class":58},[20,96477,144,96478,96412,96480,96483],{},[15,96479,14902],{},[214,96481,96482],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96485,96487],{"className":37,"code":96486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96488,96489,96513,96547,96551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96490,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96492,672],{"class":50},[44,96494,55],{"class":54},[44,96496,10441],{"class":58},[44,96498,273],{"class":272},[44,96500,394],{"class":276},[44,96502,273],{"class":272},[44,96504,66],{"class":58},[44,96506,284],{"class":272},[44,96508,4714],{"class":276},[44,96510,273],{"class":272},[44,96512,9258],{"class":58},[44,96514,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96516,689],{"class":50},[44,96518,108],{"class":58},[44,96520,30416],{"class":111},[44,96522,457],{"class":58},[44,96524,273],{"class":272},[44,96526,9689],{"class":276},[44,96528,273],{"class":272},[44,96530,66],{"class":58},[44,96532,284],{"class":272},[44,96534,18717],{"class":276},[44,96536,273],{"class":272},[44,96538,66],{"class":58},[44,96540,284],{"class":272},[44,96542,60370],{"class":276},[44,96544,273],{"class":272},[44,96546,466],{"class":58},[44,96548,96549],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96550,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96552,96553,96555,96557,96559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96554,128],{"class":127},[44,96556,115],{"class":58},[44,96558,689],{"class":111},[44,96560,121],{"class":58},[420,96562,96564],{"id":96563},"key-difference","Key difference",[161,96566,96567,96572],{},[164,96568,96569,96571],{},[15,96570,95972],{}," adds one item",[164,96573,96574,96576],{},[15,96575,14902],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96578,96579,96580,108],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[394,96581,96583,96584,574],{"href":96582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96585,14902],{},[30,96587,17368],{"id":17367},[20,96589,96590,877,96592,108],{},[15,96591,95977],{},[15,96593,178],{},[20,96595,96596,96597,96599],{},"That means you should ",[214,96598,4583],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[420,96601,96603],{"id":96602},"correct","Correct",[35,96605,96607],{"className":37,"code":96606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96608,96609,96629,96643,96647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96610,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96612,15577],{"class":50},[44,96614,55],{"class":54},[44,96616,10441],{"class":58},[44,96618,63],{"class":62},[44,96620,66],{"class":58},[44,96622,69],{"class":62},[44,96624,66],{"class":58},[44,96626,2408],{"class":62},[44,96628,9258],{"class":58},[44,96630,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96632,15615],{"class":50},[44,96634,108],{"class":58},[44,96636,81872],{"class":111},[44,96638,115],{"class":58},[44,96640,2461],{"class":62},[44,96642,121],{"class":58},[44,96644,96645],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96646,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96648,96649,96651,96653,96655],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96650,128],{"class":127},[44,96652,115],{"class":58},[44,96654,15615],{"class":111},[44,96656,121],{"class":58},[420,96658,96659],{"id":885},"Wrong",[35,96661,96663],{"className":37,"code":96662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96664,96665,96685,96704,96708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96666,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96668,15577],{"class":50},[44,96670,55],{"class":54},[44,96672,10441],{"class":58},[44,96674,63],{"class":62},[44,96676,66],{"class":58},[44,96678,69],{"class":62},[44,96680,66],{"class":58},[44,96682,2408],{"class":62},[44,96684,9258],{"class":58},[44,96686,96687,96689,96691,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96688,15577],{"class":50},[44,96690,55],{"class":54},[44,96692,96693],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,96695,108],{"class":58},[44,96697,81872],{"class":111},[44,96699,115],{"class":58},[44,96701,2461],{"class":62},[44,96703,121],{"class":58},[44,96705,96706],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96707,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96709,96710,96712,96714,96716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96711,128],{"class":127},[44,96713,115],{"class":58},[44,96715,15615],{"class":111},[44,96717,121],{"class":58},[20,96719,96720],{},[214,96721,2028],{},[35,96723,96724],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96725,96726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96727,96728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96729,11758],{"class":1582},[20,96731,96732],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,96734,96736],{"id":96735},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96738,96739],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[161,96741,96742,96744,96746,96748],{},[164,96743,56388],{},[164,96745,56391],{},[164,96747,96152],{},[164,96749,40546],{},[20,96751,2164],{},[35,96753,96755],{"className":37,"code":96754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96756,96757,96767,96771,96785,96803,96821,96835,96839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96758,96759,96761,96763,96765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96760,818],{"class":50},[44,96762,55],{"class":54},[44,96764,15582],{"class":1458},[44,96766,8590],{"class":58},[44,96768,96769],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96770,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96772,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,96774,835],{"class":50},[44,96776,108],{"class":58},[44,96778,81872],{"class":111},[44,96780,115],{"class":58},[44,96782,2287],{"class":62},[44,96784,121],{"class":58},[44,96786,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96788,835],{"class":50},[44,96790,108],{"class":58},[44,96792,81872],{"class":111},[44,96794,115],{"class":58},[44,96796,273],{"class":272},[44,96798,1262],{"class":276},[44,96800,273],{"class":272},[44,96802,121],{"class":58},[44,96804,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,96806,835],{"class":50},[44,96808,108],{"class":58},[44,96810,81872],{"class":111},[44,96812,628],{"class":58},[44,96814,63],{"class":62},[44,96816,66],{"class":58},[44,96818,69],{"class":62},[44,96820,637],{"class":58},[44,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,96824,835],{"class":50},[44,96826,108],{"class":58},[44,96828,81872],{"class":111},[44,96830,115],{"class":58},[44,96832,3565],{"class":1582},[44,96834,121],{"class":58},[44,96836,96837],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,96838,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,96840,96841,96843,96845,96847],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,96842,128],{"class":127},[44,96844,115],{"class":58},[44,96846,835],{"class":111},[44,96848,121],{"class":58},[20,96850,96851],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[161,96853,96854,96857,96860],{},[164,96855,96856],{},"Lists",[164,96858,96859],{},"Dictionaries",[164,96861,96862],{},"Sets",[20,96864,96865],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,96867,96869],{"className":37,"code":96868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96870,96871,96891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96872,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96874,818],{"class":50},[44,96876,55],{"class":54},[44,96878,10441],{"class":58},[44,96880,63],{"class":62},[44,96882,66],{"class":58},[44,96884,69],{"class":62},[44,96886,66],{"class":58},[44,96888,2408],{"class":62},[44,96890,9258],{"class":58},[44,96892,96893,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903,96905,96907],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96894,835],{"class":50},[44,96896,108],{"class":58},[44,96898,81872],{"class":111},[44,96900,457],{"class":58},[44,96902,2461],{"class":62},[44,96904,66],{"class":58},[44,96906,4557],{"class":62},[44,96908,466],{"class":58},[20,96910,96911],{},[214,96912,29632],{},[35,96914,96916],{"className":37,"code":96915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96917,96918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96919,96920,96922,96924,96927,96929,96931,96933,96935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96921,1424],{"class":1458},[44,96923,159],{"class":58},[44,96925,96926],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,96928,1459],{"class":1458},[44,96930,159],{"class":58},[44,96932,3254],{"class":272},[44,96934,226],{"class":276},[44,96936,29651],{"class":272},[20,96938,96939],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96941,96942,96943,108],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96944,96945],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,96947,2788],{"id":2787},[20,96949,1086,96950,159],{},[15,96951,95977],{},[161,96953,96954,96959,96964,96967,96974],{},[164,96955,582,96956,96958],{},[15,96957,95972],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[164,96960,8399,96961,96963],{},[15,96962,95972],{}," to return the updated set",[164,96965,96966],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[164,96968,37154,96969,96971,96972],{},[15,96970,95977],{}," with list ",[15,96973,411],{},[164,96975,96976],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96978,71272],{},[35,96980,96982],{"className":37,"code":96981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96983,96984,96994,97008,97018,97032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96985,96986,96988,96990,96992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96987,128],{"class":127},[44,96989,115],{"class":58},[44,96991,15615],{"class":111},[44,96993,121],{"class":58},[44,96995,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,96997,128],{"class":127},[44,96999,115],{"class":58},[44,97001,1459],{"class":1458},[44,97003,115],{"class":58},[44,97005,15615],{"class":111},[44,97007,637],{"class":58},[44,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97011,128],{"class":127},[44,97013,115],{"class":58},[44,97015,2429],{"class":111},[44,97017,121],{"class":58},[44,97019,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97021,128],{"class":127},[44,97023,115],{"class":58},[44,97025,1459],{"class":1458},[44,97027,115],{"class":58},[44,97029,2429],{"class":111},[44,97031,637],{"class":58},[44,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,97035,1483],{"class":127},[44,97037,115],{"class":58},[44,97039,236],{"class":1458},[44,97041,108],{"class":58},[44,97043,81872],{"class":1492},[44,97045,121],{"class":58},[20,97047,97048,97049,97051,97052,108],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97050,95977],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[394,97053,578],{"href":97054},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,97056,1757],{"id":1756},[420,97058,1761,97060,97062],{"id":97059},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97061,95977],{}," return a new set?",[20,97064,97065,97066,108],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97067,178],{},[420,97069,97071],{"id":97070},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97073,97074],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[420,97076,97078],{"id":97077},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97080,144,97081,11042,97084,108],{},[15,97082,97083],{},"set.update()",[15,97085,95972],{},[420,97087,97089],{"id":97088},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97091,97092,97093,108],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97094,1424],{},[30,97096,1821],{"id":1820},[161,97098,97099,97103,97108],{},[164,97100,97101],{},[394,97102,96097],{"href":96096},[164,97104,97105],{},[394,97106,97107],{"href":96100},"How to create a set in Python",[164,97109,97110],{},[394,97111,96583,97112,574],{"href":96582},[15,97113,14902],{},[20,97115,97116,97117,97119],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97118,95972],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1872,97121,97122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":97124},[97125,97126,97128,97129,97130,97131,97135,97139,97140,97141,97148],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":96069,"depth":75,"text":97127},"What set.add() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":96312,"depth":75,"text":96313},{"id":96403,"depth":75,"text":97132,"children":97133},"add() vs update()",[97134],{"id":96563,"depth":95,"text":96564},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368,"children":97136},[97137,97138],{"id":96602,"depth":95,"text":96603},{"id":885,"depth":95,"text":96659},{"id":96735,"depth":75,"text":96736},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":97142},[97143,97145,97146,97147],{"id":97059,"depth":95,"text":97144},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97070,"depth":95,"text":97071},{"id":97077,"depth":95,"text":97078},{"id":97088,"depth":95,"text":97089},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95963,"description":97149},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97156,"title":97157,"body":97158,"description":98327,"extension":1921,"meta":98328,"navigation":98,"path":98329,"seo":98330,"stem":98331,"__hash__":98332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97159,"toc":98294},[97160,97165,97171,97178,97223,97225,97236,97241,97246,97250,97264,97269,97271,97273,97288,97290,97304,97306,97308,97373,97375,97385,97387,97405,97411,97418,97423,97497,97499,97516,97522,97527,97598,97600,97627,97644,97647,97653,97655,97662,97666,97733,97735,97750,97753,97806,97808,97816,97828,97830,97834,97839,97841,97890,97892,97900,97902,97947,97949,97959,97965,97973,97986,97992,97994,98023,98025,98043,98047,98050,98081,98083,98101,98105,98180,98182,98198,98205,98207,98212,98217,98223,98226,98230,98238,98245,98253,98255,98291],[10,97161,95969,97163,18],{"id":97162},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97164,11272],{},[20,97166,97167,97170],{},[15,97168,97169],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97172,97173,97174,97177],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[214,97175,97176],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97179,97181],{"className":37,"code":97180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97182,97183,97203,97213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97184,97185,97187,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97186,51],{"class":50},[44,97188,55],{"class":54},[44,97190,10441],{"class":58},[44,97192,63],{"class":62},[44,97194,66],{"class":58},[44,97196,69],{"class":62},[44,97198,66],{"class":58},[44,97200,2408],{"class":62},[44,97202,9258],{"class":58},[44,97204,97205,97207,97209,97211],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97206,105],{"class":50},[44,97208,108],{"class":58},[44,97210,11333],{"class":111},[44,97212,8590],{"class":58},[44,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97216,128],{"class":127},[44,97218,115],{"class":58},[44,97220,105],{"class":111},[44,97222,121],{"class":58},[20,97224,2028],{},[35,97226,97228],{"className":37,"code":97227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97229,97230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97231,97232,97234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97233,236],{"class":1458},[44,97235,8590],{"class":58},[20,97237,97238,97240],{},[15,97239,11272],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97242,151,97244,154],{"id":97243},"what-setclear-does",[15,97245,97169],{},[20,97247,1938,97248,11363],{},[15,97249,11272],{},[161,97251,97252,97255,97257,97261],{},[164,97253,97254],{},"Removes every item from a set",[164,97256,96084],{},[164,97258,175,97259],{},[15,97260,178],{},[164,97262,97263],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97265,96093,97266,71371],{},[394,97267,96097],{"href":97268},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97270,188],{"id":187},[20,97272,54380],{},[35,97274,97276],{"className":37,"code":97275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97277,97278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97279,97280,97282,97284,97286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97281,15615],{"class":50},[44,97283,108],{"class":58},[44,97285,11333],{"class":111},[44,97287,8590],{"class":58},[20,97289,13002],{},[161,97291,97292,97295,97298,97301],{},[164,97293,97294],{},"It takes no arguments",[164,97296,97297],{},"It empties the set",[164,97299,97300],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[164,97302,97303],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97305,11425],{"id":11424},[20,97307,11428],{},[35,97309,97311],{"className":37,"code":97310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97312,97313,97345,97349,97359,97363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97314,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97316,13026],{"class":50},[44,97318,55],{"class":54},[44,97320,10441],{"class":58},[44,97322,273],{"class":272},[44,97324,13043],{"class":276},[44,97326,273],{"class":272},[44,97328,66],{"class":58},[44,97330,284],{"class":272},[44,97332,17405],{"class":276},[44,97334,273],{"class":272},[44,97336,66],{"class":58},[44,97338,284],{"class":272},[44,97340,13060],{"class":276},[44,97342,273],{"class":272},[44,97344,9258],{"class":58},[44,97346,97347],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97348,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97352,17452],{"class":50},[44,97354,108],{"class":58},[44,97356,11333],{"class":111},[44,97358,8590],{"class":58},[44,97360,97361],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97362,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97364,97365,97367,97369,97371],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,97366,128],{"class":127},[44,97368,115],{"class":58},[44,97370,17452],{"class":111},[44,97372,121],{"class":58},[20,97374,2028],{},[35,97376,97377],{"className":37,"code":97227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97378,97379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97380,97381,97383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97382,236],{"class":1458},[44,97384,8590],{"class":58},[20,97386,361],{},[161,97388,97389,97394,97399],{},[164,97390,97391,97393],{},[15,97392,17452],{}," starts with three values",[164,97395,97396,11646],{},[15,97397,97398],{},"colors.clear()",[164,97400,97401,97402,97404],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97403,3754],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97406,97408,97410],{"id":97407},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97409,11272],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97412,97413,398,97415,97417],{},[15,97414,11272],{},[15,97416,3754],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[420,97419,582,97421],{"id":97420},"using-clear",[15,97422,11272],{},[35,97424,97426],{"className":37,"code":97425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97427,97428,97448,97458,97462,97472,97476,97486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97429,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97431,818],{"class":50},[44,97433,55],{"class":54},[44,97435,10441],{"class":58},[44,97437,63],{"class":62},[44,97439,66],{"class":58},[44,97441,69],{"class":62},[44,97443,66],{"class":58},[44,97445,2408],{"class":62},[44,97447,9258],{"class":58},[44,97449,97450,97453,97455],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97451,97452],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97454,55],{"class":54},[44,97456,97457],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97459,97460],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97461,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97463,97464,97466,97468,97470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97465,835],{"class":50},[44,97467,108],{"class":58},[44,97469,11333],{"class":111},[44,97471,8590],{"class":58},[44,97473,97474],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,97475,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97477,97478,97480,97482,97484],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,97479,128],{"class":127},[44,97481,115],{"class":58},[44,97483,835],{"class":111},[44,97485,121],{"class":58},[44,97487,97488,97490,97492,97495],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,97489,128],{"class":127},[44,97491,115],{"class":58},[44,97493,97494],{"class":111},"other_name",[44,97496,121],{"class":58},[20,97498,2028],{},[35,97500,97502],{"className":37,"code":97501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97503,97504,97510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97505,97506,97508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97507,236],{"class":1458},[44,97509,8590],{"class":58},[44,97511,97512,97514],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97513,236],{"class":1458},[44,97515,8590],{"class":58},[20,97517,97518,97519,108],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[214,97520,97521],{},"same set object",[420,97523,582,97525],{"id":97524},"using-set",[15,97526,3754],{},[35,97528,97530],{"className":37,"code":97529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97531,97532,97552,97560,97564,97574,97578,97588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97533,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97535,818],{"class":50},[44,97537,55],{"class":54},[44,97539,10441],{"class":58},[44,97541,63],{"class":62},[44,97543,66],{"class":58},[44,97545,69],{"class":62},[44,97547,66],{"class":58},[44,97549,2408],{"class":62},[44,97551,9258],{"class":58},[44,97553,97554,97556,97558],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97555,97452],{"class":50},[44,97557,55],{"class":54},[44,97559,97457],{"class":50},[44,97561,97562],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97563,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97567,818],{"class":50},[44,97569,55],{"class":54},[44,97571,15582],{"class":1458},[44,97573,8590],{"class":58},[44,97575,97576],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,97577,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97579,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,97581,128],{"class":127},[44,97583,115],{"class":58},[44,97585,835],{"class":111},[44,97587,121],{"class":58},[44,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,97591,128],{"class":127},[44,97593,115],{"class":58},[44,97595,97494],{"class":111},[44,97597,121],{"class":58},[20,97599,2028],{},[35,97601,97603],{"className":37,"code":97602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97604,97605,97611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97606,97607,97609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97608,236],{"class":1458},[44,97610,8590],{"class":58},[44,97612,97613,97615,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97614,9227],{"class":58},[44,97616,63],{"class":62},[44,97618,66],{"class":58},[44,97620,69],{"class":62},[44,97622,66],{"class":58},[44,97624,2408],{"class":62},[44,97626,9258],{"class":58},[20,97628,20721,97629,92861,97632,97635,97636,108,97638,97640,97641,97643],{},[15,97630,97631],{},"items = set()",[214,97633,97634],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97637,835],{},[9796,97639],{},"\nBut ",[15,97642,97494],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97645,97646],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97648,97649,97650,108],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[394,97651,96101],{"href":97652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97654,17368],{"id":17367},[20,97656,97657,14002,97659,97661],{},[15,97658,11272],{},[214,97660,4583],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97663,5102,97664,108],{},[15,97665,178],{},[35,97667,97669],{"className":37,"code":97668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97670,97671,97691,97695,97709,97713,97723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97672,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97674,51],{"class":50},[44,97676,55],{"class":54},[44,97678,10441],{"class":58},[44,97680,63],{"class":62},[44,97682,66],{"class":58},[44,97684,69],{"class":62},[44,97686,66],{"class":58},[44,97688,2408],{"class":62},[44,97690,9258],{"class":58},[44,97692,97693],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97694,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97696,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97698,911],{"class":50},[44,97700,55],{"class":54},[44,97702,916],{"class":50},[44,97704,108],{"class":58},[44,97706,11333],{"class":111},[44,97708,8590],{"class":58},[44,97710,97711],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97712,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,97716,128],{"class":127},[44,97718,115],{"class":58},[44,97720,943],{"class":111},[44,97722,121],{"class":58},[44,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,97726,128],{"class":127},[44,97728,115],{"class":58},[44,97730,105],{"class":111},[44,97732,121],{"class":58},[20,97734,2028],{},[35,97736,97738],{"className":37,"code":97737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97739,97740,97744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97741,97742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97743,11758],{"class":1582},[44,97745,97746,97748],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97747,236],{"class":1458},[44,97749,8590],{"class":58},[20,97751,97752],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97754,97756],{"className":37,"code":97755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97757,97758,97778,97792,97796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97759,97760,97762,97764,97766,97768,97770,97772,97774,97776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97761,51],{"class":50},[44,97763,55],{"class":54},[44,97765,10441],{"class":58},[44,97767,63],{"class":62},[44,97769,66],{"class":58},[44,97771,69],{"class":62},[44,97773,66],{"class":58},[44,97775,2408],{"class":62},[44,97777,9258],{"class":58},[44,97779,97780,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97781,51],{"class":50},[44,97783,55],{"class":54},[44,97785,916],{"class":50},[44,97787,108],{"class":58},[44,97789,11333],{"class":111},[44,97791,8590],{"class":58},[44,97793,97794],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97795,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,97797,97798,97800,97802,97804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97799,128],{"class":127},[44,97801,115],{"class":58},[44,97803,105],{"class":111},[44,97805,121],{"class":58},[20,97807,2028],{},[35,97809,97810],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97811,97812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97813,97814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97815,11758],{"class":1582},[20,97817,22140,97818,877,97820,97822,97823,97825,97826,108],{},[15,97819,54493],{},[15,97821,178],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97824,178],{}," back to ",[15,97827,105],{},[30,97829,1083],{"id":1082},[20,97831,10697,97832,108],{},[15,97833,97169],{},[420,97835,12545,97837],{"id":97836},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97838,11272],{},[20,97840,16593],{},[35,97842,97844],{"className":37,"code":97843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97845,97846,97866,97880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97847,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97849,15577],{"class":50},[44,97851,55],{"class":54},[44,97853,10441],{"class":58},[44,97855,63],{"class":62},[44,97857,66],{"class":58},[44,97859,69],{"class":62},[44,97861,66],{"class":58},[44,97863,2408],{"class":62},[44,97865,9258],{"class":58},[44,97867,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97869,15577],{"class":50},[44,97871,55],{"class":54},[44,97873,96693],{"class":50},[44,97875,108],{"class":58},[44,97877,11333],{"class":111},[44,97879,8590],{"class":58},[44,97881,97882,97884,97886,97888],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97883,128],{"class":127},[44,97885,115],{"class":58},[44,97887,15615],{"class":111},[44,97889,121],{"class":58},[20,97891,2028],{},[35,97893,97894],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97895,97896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97897,97898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97899,11758],{"class":1582},[20,97901,16605],{},[35,97903,97905],{"className":37,"code":97904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97906,97907,97927,97937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97908,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97910,15577],{"class":50},[44,97912,55],{"class":54},[44,97914,10441],{"class":58},[44,97916,63],{"class":62},[44,97918,66],{"class":58},[44,97920,69],{"class":62},[44,97922,66],{"class":58},[44,97924,2408],{"class":62},[44,97926,9258],{"class":58},[44,97928,97929,97931,97933,97935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,97930,15615],{"class":50},[44,97932,108],{"class":58},[44,97934,11333],{"class":111},[44,97936,8590],{"class":58},[44,97938,97939,97941,97943,97945],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,97940,128],{"class":127},[44,97942,115],{"class":58},[44,97944,15615],{"class":111},[44,97946,121],{"class":58},[20,97948,2028],{},[35,97950,97951],{"className":37,"code":97227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97952,97953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97954,97955,97957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97956,236],{"class":1458},[44,97958,8590],{"class":58},[420,97960,8399,97962,97964],{"id":97961},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97963,11272],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97966,97967,97969,97970,97972],{},[15,97968,11272],{}," removes ",[214,97971,3674],{}," items from the set.",[20,97974,97975,97976,2837,97981,108],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[394,97977,97979],{"href":97978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97980,55458],{},[394,97982,97984],{"href":97983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97985,12713],{},[420,97987,582,97989,97991],{"id":97988},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97990,3749],{}," for an empty set",[20,97993,25641],{},[35,97995,97997],{"className":37,"code":97996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97998,97999,98008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98000,98001,98004,98006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98002,98003],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,98005,55],{"class":54},[44,98007,9788],{"class":58},[44,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98021],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98011,128],{"class":127},[44,98013,115],{"class":58},[44,98015,1459],{"class":1458},[44,98017,115],{"class":58},[44,98019,98020],{"class":111},"empty_value",[44,98022,637],{"class":58},[20,98024,2028],{},[35,98026,98027],{"className":37,"code":8756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98028,98029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98030,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98032,3248],{"class":54},[44,98034,3251],{"class":2022},[44,98036,3254],{"class":272},[44,98038,8769],{"class":276},[44,98040,3259],{"class":272},[44,98042,3262],{"class":54},[20,98044,98045,8736],{},[15,98046,3749],{},[20,98048,98049],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,98051,98053],{"className":37,"code":98052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98054,98055,98066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98056,98057,98060,98062,98064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98058,98059],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,98061,55],{"class":54},[44,98063,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98065,8590],{"class":58},[44,98067,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98079],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98069,128],{"class":127},[44,98071,115],{"class":58},[44,98073,1459],{"class":1458},[44,98075,115],{"class":58},[44,98077,98078],{"class":111},"empty_set",[44,98080,637],{"class":58},[20,98082,2028],{},[35,98084,98085],{"className":37,"code":8800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98086,98087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98090,3248],{"class":54},[44,98092,3251],{"class":2022},[44,98094,3254],{"class":272},[44,98096,236],{"class":276},[44,98098,3259],{"class":272},[44,98100,3262],{"class":54},[420,98102,98104],{"id":98103},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,98106,98108],{"className":37,"code":98107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98109,98110,98134,98142,98146,98156,98160,98170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98113,2511],{"class":50},[44,98115,55],{"class":54},[44,98117,10441],{"class":58},[44,98119,273],{"class":272},[44,98121,2130],{"class":276},[44,98123,273],{"class":272},[44,98125,66],{"class":58},[44,98127,284],{"class":272},[44,98129,11695],{"class":276},[44,98131,273],{"class":272},[44,98133,9258],{"class":58},[44,98135,98136,98138,98140],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98137,2539],{"class":50},[44,98139,55],{"class":54},[44,98141,36126],{"class":50},[44,98143,98144],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,98145,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,98147,98148,98150,98152,98154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98149,394],{"class":50},[44,98151,108],{"class":58},[44,98153,11333],{"class":111},[44,98155,8590],{"class":58},[44,98157,98158],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,98159,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,98161,98162,98164,98166,98168],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,98163,128],{"class":127},[44,98165,115],{"class":58},[44,98167,394],{"class":111},[44,98169,121],{"class":58},[44,98171,98172,98174,98176,98178],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,98173,128],{"class":127},[44,98175,115],{"class":58},[44,98177,4714],{"class":111},[44,98179,121],{"class":58},[20,98181,2028],{},[35,98183,98184],{"className":37,"code":97501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98185,98186,98192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98187,98188,98190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98189,236],{"class":1458},[44,98191,8590],{"class":58},[44,98193,98194,98196],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98195,236],{"class":1458},[44,98197,8590],{"class":58},[20,98199,29012,98200,398,98202,98204],{},[15,98201,394],{},[15,98203,4714],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98206,1757],{"id":1756},[420,98208,5096,98210,5099],{"id":98209},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98211,97169],{},[20,98213,5102,98214,98216],{},[15,98215,178],{},". It empties the set in place.",[420,98218,1761,98220,98222],{"id":98219},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98221,11272],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98224,98225],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[420,98227,98229],{"id":98228},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98231,98232,98233,98235,98236,108],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98234,11272],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98237,3754],{},[420,98239,1773,98241,398,98243,1778],{"id":98240},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98242,11272],{},[15,98244,3754],{},[20,98246,98247,98249,98250,98252],{},[15,98248,11272],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98251,3754],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98254,1821],{"id":1820},[161,98256,98257,98261,98265,98272,98278,98284],{},[164,98258,98259],{},[394,98260,96097],{"href":97268},[164,98262,98263],{},[394,98264,97107],{"href":97652},[164,98266,98267],{},[394,98268,96583,98270,574],{"href":98269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98271,95972],{},[164,98273,98274],{},[394,98275,96583,98276,574],{"href":97978},[15,98277,55458],{},[164,98279,98280],{},[394,98281,96583,98282,574],{"href":97983},[15,98283,12713],{},[164,98285,98286],{},[394,98287,96583,98289,574],{"href":98288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98290,14902],{},[1872,98292,98293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":98295},[98296,98298,98299,98300,98307,98308,98317,98326],{"id":97243,"depth":75,"text":98297},"What set.clear() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":97407,"depth":75,"text":98301,"children":98302},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98303,98305],{"id":97420,"depth":95,"text":98304},"Using clear()",{"id":97524,"depth":95,"text":98306},"Using set()",{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":98309},[98310,98312,98314,98316],{"id":97836,"depth":95,"text":98311},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97961,"depth":95,"text":98313},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97988,"depth":95,"text":98315},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98103,"depth":95,"text":98104},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":98318},[98319,98321,98323,98324],{"id":98209,"depth":95,"text":98320},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98219,"depth":95,"text":98322},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98228,"depth":95,"text":98229},{"id":98240,"depth":95,"text":98325},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97157,"description":98327},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98334,"title":98335,"body":98336,"description":100168,"extension":1921,"meta":100169,"navigation":98,"path":96100,"seo":100170,"stem":100171,"__hash__":100172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98337,"toc":100125},[98338,98341,98344,98347,98349,98452,98456,98503,98509,98511,98530,98534,98537,98539,98553,98562,98566,98569,98604,98608,98628,98631,98635,98638,98699,98703,98728,98735,98741,98746,98748,98760,98764,98813,98817,98841,98848,98852,98893,98897,98918,98922,98955,98959,99000,99003,99007,99012,99051,99055,99080,99085,99091,99128,99132,99155,99159,99161,99164,99167,99244,99248,99285,99288,99292,99298,99301,99311,99360,99366,99372,99399,99402,99424,99426,99457,99460,99464,99468,99507,99511,99574,99577,99610,99614,99639,99641,99644,99650,99653,99680,99683,99701,99705,99709,99712,99755,99758,99762,99765,99768,99798,99801,99805,99808,99823,99828,99832,99835,99924,99926,99929,100019,100022,100040,100042,100046,100056,100060,100068,100072,100075,100079,100082,100086,100089,100091,100119,100122],[10,98339,98335],{"id":98340},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98342,98343],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98345,98346],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98348,3570],{"id":3569},[35,98350,98352],{"className":37,"code":98351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98353,98354,98374,98408,98418,98422,98432,98442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98355,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98357,51],{"class":50},[44,98359,55],{"class":54},[44,98361,10441],{"class":58},[44,98363,63],{"class":62},[44,98365,66],{"class":58},[44,98367,69],{"class":62},[44,98369,66],{"class":58},[44,98371,2408],{"class":62},[44,98373,9258],{"class":58},[44,98375,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98377,1253],{"class":50},[44,98379,55],{"class":54},[44,98381,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98383,457],{"class":58},[44,98385,273],{"class":272},[44,98387,277],{"class":276},[44,98389,273],{"class":272},[44,98391,66],{"class":58},[44,98393,284],{"class":272},[44,98395,287],{"class":276},[44,98397,273],{"class":272},[44,98399,66],{"class":58},[44,98401,284],{"class":272},[44,98403,277],{"class":276},[44,98405,273],{"class":272},[44,98407,466],{"class":58},[44,98409,98410,98412,98414,98416],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,98411,98059],{"class":50},[44,98413,55],{"class":54},[44,98415,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98417,8590],{"class":58},[44,98419,98420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98421,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,98425,128],{"class":127},[44,98427,115],{"class":58},[44,98429,105],{"class":111},[44,98431,121],{"class":58},[44,98433,98434,98436,98438,98440],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,98435,128],{"class":127},[44,98437,115],{"class":58},[44,98439,1271],{"class":111},[44,98441,121],{"class":58},[44,98443,98444,98446,98448,98450],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,98445,128],{"class":127},[44,98447,115],{"class":58},[44,98449,98078],{"class":111},[44,98451,121],{"class":58},[20,98453,98454],{},[214,98455,2028],{},[35,98457,98459],{"className":37,"code":98458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98460,98461,98477,98497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98462,98463,98465,98467,98469,98471,98473,98475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98464,9227],{"class":58},[44,98466,63],{"class":62},[44,98468,66],{"class":58},[44,98470,69],{"class":62},[44,98472,66],{"class":58},[44,98474,2408],{"class":62},[44,98476,9258],{"class":58},[44,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98480,9227],{"class":58},[44,98482,3259],{"class":272},[44,98484,287],{"class":276},[44,98486,3259],{"class":272},[44,98488,66],{"class":58},[44,98490,3254],{"class":272},[44,98492,277],{"class":276},[44,98494,3259],{"class":272},[44,98496,9258],{"class":58},[44,98498,98499,98501],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,98500,236],{"class":1458},[44,98502,8590],{"class":58},[20,98504,98505,98506,98508],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98507,3754],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98510,15111],{"id":15110},[161,98512,98513,98516,98521,98524,98527],{},[164,98514,98515],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[164,98517,98518,98519],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98520,3754],{},[164,98522,98523],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[164,98525,98526],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[164,98528,98529],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98531,98533],{"id":98532},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98535,98536],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98538,30491],{},[161,98540,98541,98544,98547,98550],{},[164,98542,98543],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[164,98545,98546],{},"Sets are unordered",[164,98548,98549],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[164,98551,98552],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98554,98555,98556,2837,98558,108],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[394,98557,96097],{"href":97268},[394,98559,98561],{"href":98560},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98563,98565],{"id":98564},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98567,98568],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98570,98572],{"className":37,"code":98571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98573,98574,98594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98575,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98577,51],{"class":50},[44,98579,55],{"class":54},[44,98581,10441],{"class":58},[44,98583,63],{"class":62},[44,98585,66],{"class":58},[44,98587,69],{"class":62},[44,98589,66],{"class":58},[44,98591,2408],{"class":62},[44,98593,9258],{"class":58},[44,98595,98596,98598,98600,98602],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98597,128],{"class":127},[44,98599,115],{"class":58},[44,98601,105],{"class":111},[44,98603,121],{"class":58},[20,98605,98606],{},[214,98607,29981],{},[35,98609,98610],{"className":37,"code":96376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98611,98612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98613,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624,98626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98615,9227],{"class":58},[44,98617,63],{"class":62},[44,98619,66],{"class":58},[44,98621,69],{"class":62},[44,98623,66],{"class":58},[44,98625,2408],{"class":62},[44,98627,9258],{"class":58},[20,98629,98630],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[420,98632,98634],{"id":98633},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98636,98637],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98639,98641],{"className":37,"code":98640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98642,98643,98675,98685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98644,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98646,51],{"class":50},[44,98648,55],{"class":54},[44,98650,10441],{"class":58},[44,98652,63],{"class":62},[44,98654,66],{"class":58},[44,98656,69],{"class":62},[44,98658,66],{"class":58},[44,98660,69],{"class":62},[44,98662,66],{"class":58},[44,98664,2408],{"class":62},[44,98666,66],{"class":58},[44,98668,2408],{"class":62},[44,98670,66],{"class":58},[44,98672,2408],{"class":62},[44,98674,9258],{"class":58},[44,98676,98677,98679,98681,98683],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98678,128],{"class":127},[44,98680,115],{"class":58},[44,98682,105],{"class":111},[44,98684,121],{"class":58},[44,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,98688,128],{"class":127},[44,98690,115],{"class":58},[44,98692,11112],{"class":127},[44,98694,115],{"class":58},[44,98696,105],{"class":111},[44,98698,637],{"class":58},[20,98700,98701],{},[214,98702,29981],{},[35,98704,98706],{"className":37,"code":98705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98707,98708,98724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98709,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98711,9227],{"class":58},[44,98713,63],{"class":62},[44,98715,66],{"class":58},[44,98717,69],{"class":62},[44,98719,66],{"class":58},[44,98721,2408],{"class":62},[44,98723,9258],{"class":58},[44,98725,98726],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98727,46568],{"class":62},[20,98729,20928,98730,398,98732,98734],{},[15,98731,801],{},[15,98733,85],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98736,98738,98739],{"id":98737},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98740,3754],{},[20,98742,144,98743,98745],{},[15,98744,3754],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98747,5410],{},[161,98749,98750,98752,98754,98756],{},[164,98751,96856],{},[164,98753,96152],{},[164,98755,56391],{},[164,98757,98758],{},[15,98759,36149],{},[420,98761,98763],{"id":98762},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98765,98767],{"className":37,"code":98766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98768,98769,98803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98770,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98772,51],{"class":50},[44,98774,55],{"class":54},[44,98776,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98778,457],{"class":58},[44,98780,63],{"class":62},[44,98782,66],{"class":58},[44,98784,69],{"class":62},[44,98786,66],{"class":58},[44,98788,69],{"class":62},[44,98790,66],{"class":58},[44,98792,2408],{"class":62},[44,98794,66],{"class":58},[44,98796,2408],{"class":62},[44,98798,66],{"class":58},[44,98800,90],{"class":62},[44,98802,466],{"class":58},[44,98804,98805,98807,98809,98811],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98806,128],{"class":127},[44,98808,115],{"class":58},[44,98810,105],{"class":111},[44,98812,121],{"class":58},[20,98814,98815],{},[214,98816,29981],{},[35,98818,98819],{"className":37,"code":96039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98820,98821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98824,9227],{"class":58},[44,98826,63],{"class":62},[44,98828,66],{"class":58},[44,98830,69],{"class":62},[44,98832,66],{"class":58},[44,98834,2408],{"class":62},[44,98836,66],{"class":58},[44,98838,90],{"class":62},[44,98840,9258],{"class":58},[20,98842,98843,98844,108],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[394,98845,98847],{"href":98846},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[420,98849,98851],{"id":98850},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98853,98855],{"className":37,"code":98854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98856,98857,98883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98858,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875,98877,98879,98881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98860,604],{"class":50},[44,98862,55],{"class":54},[44,98864,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98866,628],{"class":58},[44,98868,2287],{"class":62},[44,98870,66],{"class":58},[44,98872,7738],{"class":62},[44,98874,66],{"class":58},[44,98876,7738],{"class":62},[44,98878,66],{"class":58},[44,98880,7743],{"class":62},[44,98882,637],{"class":58},[44,98884,98885,98887,98889,98891],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98886,128],{"class":127},[44,98888,115],{"class":58},[44,98890,621],{"class":111},[44,98892,121],{"class":58},[20,98894,98895],{},[214,98896,29981],{},[35,98898,98900],{"className":37,"code":98899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98901,98902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98903,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914,98916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98905,9227],{"class":58},[44,98907,2287],{"class":62},[44,98909,66],{"class":58},[44,98911,7738],{"class":62},[44,98913,66],{"class":58},[44,98915,7743],{"class":62},[44,98917,9258],{"class":58},[420,98919,98921],{"id":98920},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98923,98925],{"className":37,"code":98924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98926,98927,98945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98928,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98930,672],{"class":50},[44,98932,55],{"class":54},[44,98934,15582],{"class":1458},[44,98936,115],{"class":58},[44,98938,273],{"class":272},[44,98940,1262],{"class":276},[44,98942,273],{"class":272},[44,98944,121],{"class":58},[44,98946,98947,98949,98951,98953],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,98948,128],{"class":127},[44,98950,115],{"class":58},[44,98952,689],{"class":111},[44,98954,121],{"class":58},[20,98956,98957],{},[214,98958,29981],{},[35,98960,98962],{"className":37,"code":98961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98963,98964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98967,9227],{"class":58},[44,98969,3259],{"class":272},[44,98971,60361],{"class":276},[44,98973,3259],{"class":272},[44,98975,66],{"class":58},[44,98977,3254],{"class":272},[44,98979,60370],{"class":276},[44,98981,3259],{"class":272},[44,98983,66],{"class":58},[44,98985,3254],{"class":272},[44,98987,60379],{"class":276},[44,98989,3259],{"class":272},[44,98991,66],{"class":58},[44,98993,3254],{"class":272},[44,98995,60396],{"class":276},[44,98997,3259],{"class":272},[44,98999,9258],{"class":58},[20,99001,99002],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,99004,99006],{"id":99005},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99008,99009,99010,108],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99011,3754],{},[35,99013,99015],{"className":37,"code":99014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99016,99017,99027,99037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99018,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99020,98059],{"class":50},[44,99022,55],{"class":54},[44,99024,15582],{"class":1458},[44,99026,8590],{"class":58},[44,99028,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99030,128],{"class":127},[44,99032,115],{"class":58},[44,99034,98078],{"class":111},[44,99036,121],{"class":58},[44,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99040,128],{"class":127},[44,99042,115],{"class":58},[44,99044,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99046,115],{"class":58},[44,99048,98078],{"class":111},[44,99050,637],{"class":58},[20,99052,99053],{},[214,99054,2028],{},[35,99056,99058],{"className":37,"code":99057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99059,99060,99066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99061,99062,99064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99063,236],{"class":1458},[44,99065,8590],{"class":58},[44,99067,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99069,3248],{"class":54},[44,99071,3251],{"class":2022},[44,99073,3254],{"class":272},[44,99075,236],{"class":276},[44,99077,3259],{"class":272},[44,99079,3262],{"class":54},[420,99081,44380,99083],{"id":99082},"do-not-use",[15,99084,3749],{},[20,99086,99087,99088,99090],{},"Empty braces do ",[214,99089,4583],{}," create a set.",[35,99092,99094],{"className":37,"code":99093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99095,99096,99104,99114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99097,99098,99100,99102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99099,98003],{"class":50},[44,99101,55],{"class":54},[44,99103,9788],{"class":58},[44,99105,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99107,128],{"class":127},[44,99109,115],{"class":58},[44,99111,98020],{"class":111},[44,99113,121],{"class":58},[44,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99117,128],{"class":127},[44,99119,115],{"class":58},[44,99121,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99123,115],{"class":58},[44,99125,98020],{"class":111},[44,99127,637],{"class":58},[20,99129,99130],{},[214,99131,2028],{},[35,99133,99135],{"className":37,"code":99134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99136,99137,99141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99138,99139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99140,9384],{"class":58},[44,99142,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99144,3248],{"class":54},[44,99146,3251],{"class":2022},[44,99148,3254],{"class":272},[44,99150,8769],{"class":276},[44,99152,3259],{"class":272},[44,99154,3262],{"class":54},[20,99156,99157,8736],{},[15,99158,3749],{},[30,99160,72035],{"id":72034},[20,99162,99163],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99165,99166],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99168,99170],{"className":37,"code":99169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99171,99172,99220,99230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99173,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99175,1253],{"class":50},[44,99177,55],{"class":54},[44,99179,10441],{"class":58},[44,99181,273],{"class":272},[44,99183,277],{"class":276},[44,99185,273],{"class":272},[44,99187,66],{"class":58},[44,99189,284],{"class":272},[44,99191,287],{"class":276},[44,99193,273],{"class":272},[44,99195,66],{"class":58},[44,99197,284],{"class":272},[44,99199,277],{"class":276},[44,99201,273],{"class":272},[44,99203,66],{"class":58},[44,99205,284],{"class":272},[44,99207,277],{"class":276},[44,99209,273],{"class":272},[44,99211,66],{"class":58},[44,99213,284],{"class":272},[44,99215,305],{"class":276},[44,99217,273],{"class":272},[44,99219,9258],{"class":58},[44,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99223,128],{"class":127},[44,99225,115],{"class":58},[44,99227,1271],{"class":111},[44,99229,121],{"class":58},[44,99231,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99233,128],{"class":127},[44,99235,115],{"class":58},[44,99237,11112],{"class":127},[44,99239,115],{"class":58},[44,99241,1271],{"class":111},[44,99243,637],{"class":58},[20,99245,99246],{},[214,99247,29981],{},[35,99249,99251],{"className":37,"code":99250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99252,99253,99281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99254,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99256,9227],{"class":58},[44,99258,3259],{"class":272},[44,99260,287],{"class":276},[44,99262,3259],{"class":272},[44,99264,66],{"class":58},[44,99266,3254],{"class":272},[44,99268,305],{"class":276},[44,99270,3259],{"class":272},[44,99272,66],{"class":58},[44,99274,3254],{"class":272},[44,99276,277],{"class":276},[44,99278,3259],{"class":272},[44,99280,9258],{"class":58},[44,99282,99283],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99284,46568],{"class":62},[20,99286,99287],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99289,99291],{"id":99290},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99293,99294,99295,99297],{},"Set items must be ",[214,99296,96140],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99299,99300],{},"These usually work:",[161,99302,99303,99305,99307,99309],{},[164,99304,56388],{},[164,99306,56391],{},[164,99308,96152],{},[164,99310,40546],{},[35,99312,99314],{"className":37,"code":99313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99315,99316,99350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99317,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99319,604],{"class":50},[44,99321,55],{"class":54},[44,99323,10441],{"class":58},[44,99325,63],{"class":62},[44,99327,66],{"class":58},[44,99329,284],{"class":272},[44,99331,277],{"class":276},[44,99333,273],{"class":272},[44,99335,66],{"class":58},[44,99337,9185],{"class":58},[44,99339,2287],{"class":62},[44,99341,66],{"class":58},[44,99343,7738],{"class":62},[44,99345,9182],{"class":58},[44,99347,3872],{"class":1582},[44,99349,9258],{"class":58},[44,99351,99352,99354,99356,99358],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99353,128],{"class":127},[44,99355,115],{"class":58},[44,99357,621],{"class":111},[44,99359,121],{"class":58},[20,99361,99362,99363,99365],{},"These do ",[214,99364,4583],{}," work directly:",[161,99367,99368,99370],{},[164,99369,96856],{},[164,99371,96859],{},[35,99373,99375],{"className":37,"code":99374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99376,99377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99378,99379,99382,99384,99387,99389,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99380,99381],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99383,55],{"class":54},[44,99385,99386],{"class":58}," {[",[44,99388,63],{"class":62},[44,99390,66],{"class":58},[44,99392,69],{"class":62},[44,99394,66],{"class":58},[44,99396,2408],{"class":62},[44,99398,13654],{"class":58},[20,99400,99401],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99403,99404],{"className":37,"code":96915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99405,99406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99409,1424],{"class":1458},[44,99411,159],{"class":58},[44,99413,96926],{"class":50},[44,99415,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99417,159],{"class":58},[44,99419,3254],{"class":272},[44,99421,226],{"class":276},[44,99423,29651],{"class":272},[20,99425,52029],{},[35,99427,99429],{"className":37,"code":99428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99430,99431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99432,99433,99435,99437,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99434,99381],{"class":50},[44,99436,55],{"class":54},[44,99438,99439],{"class":58}," {{",[44,99441,273],{"class":272},[44,99443,7616],{"class":276},[44,99445,273],{"class":272},[44,99447,159],{"class":58},[44,99449,284],{"class":272},[44,99451,7625],{"class":276},[44,99453,273],{"class":272},[44,99455,99456],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,99458,99459],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99461,99463],{"id":99462},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[420,99465,99467],{"id":99466},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99469,99471],{"className":37,"code":99470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99472,99473,99497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99474,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99476,51],{"class":50},[44,99478,55],{"class":54},[44,99480,10441],{"class":58},[44,99482,63],{"class":62},[44,99484,66],{"class":58},[44,99486,69],{"class":62},[44,99488,66],{"class":58},[44,99490,2408],{"class":62},[44,99492,66],{"class":58},[44,99494,90],{"class":62},[44,99496,9258],{"class":58},[44,99498,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99500,128],{"class":127},[44,99502,115],{"class":58},[44,99504,105],{"class":111},[44,99506,121],{"class":58},[420,99508,99510],{"id":99509},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99512,99514],{"className":37,"code":99513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99515,99516,99544,99559,99563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99517,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99519,818],{"class":50},[44,99521,55],{"class":54},[44,99523,59],{"class":58},[44,99525,63],{"class":62},[44,99527,66],{"class":58},[44,99529,5450],{"class":62},[44,99531,66],{"class":58},[44,99533,69],{"class":62},[44,99535,66],{"class":58},[44,99537,2408],{"class":62},[44,99539,66],{"class":58},[44,99541,2408],{"class":62},[44,99543,72],{"class":58},[44,99545,99546,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99547,99548],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99550,55],{"class":54},[44,99552,15582],{"class":1458},[44,99554,115],{"class":58},[44,99556,835],{"class":111},[44,99558,121],{"class":58},[44,99560,99561],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99562,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,99564,99565,99567,99569,99572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99566,128],{"class":127},[44,99568,115],{"class":58},[44,99570,99571],{"class":111},"unique_items",[44,99573,121],{"class":58},[420,99575,98921],{"id":99576},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99578,99580],{"className":37,"code":99579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99581,99582,99600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99583,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99585,672],{"class":50},[44,99587,55],{"class":54},[44,99589,15582],{"class":1458},[44,99591,115],{"class":58},[44,99593,273],{"class":272},[44,99595,287],{"class":276},[44,99597,273],{"class":272},[44,99599,121],{"class":58},[44,99601,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99603,128],{"class":127},[44,99605,115],{"class":58},[44,99607,689],{"class":111},[44,99609,121],{"class":58},[420,99611,99613],{"id":99612},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99615,99617],{"className":37,"code":99616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99618,99619,99629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99620,99621,99623,99625,99627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99622,98059],{"class":50},[44,99624,55],{"class":54},[44,99626,15582],{"class":1458},[44,99628,8590],{"class":58},[44,99630,99631,99633,99635,99637],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99632,128],{"class":127},[44,99634,115],{"class":58},[44,99636,98078],{"class":111},[44,99638,121],{"class":58},[30,99640,2788],{"id":2787},[20,99642,99643],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[420,99645,582,99647,99649],{"id":99646},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99648,3749],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99651,99652],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99654,99656],{"className":37,"code":99655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99657,99658,99666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99659,99660,99662,99664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99661,2403],{"class":50},[44,99663,55],{"class":54},[44,99665,9788],{"class":58},[44,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99669,128],{"class":127},[44,99671,115],{"class":58},[44,99673,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99675,115],{"class":58},[44,99677,2429],{"class":111},[44,99679,637],{"class":58},[20,99681,99682],{},"This prints:",[35,99684,99685],{"className":37,"code":8756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99686,99687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99688,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99690,3248],{"class":54},[44,99692,3251],{"class":2022},[44,99694,3254],{"class":272},[44,99696,8769],{"class":276},[44,99698,3259],{"class":272},[44,99700,3262],{"class":54},[20,99702,144,99703,1239],{},[15,99704,3754],{},[420,99706,99708],{"id":99707},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99710,99711],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99713,99715],{"className":37,"code":99714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99716,99717,99745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99718,99719,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731,99733,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99720,51],{"class":50},[44,99722,55],{"class":54},[44,99724,10441],{"class":58},[44,99726,63],{"class":62},[44,99728,66],{"class":58},[44,99730,5450],{"class":62},[44,99732,66],{"class":58},[44,99734,69],{"class":62},[44,99736,66],{"class":58},[44,99738,69],{"class":62},[44,99740,66],{"class":58},[44,99742,2408],{"class":62},[44,99744,9258],{"class":58},[44,99746,99747,99749,99751,99753],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99748,128],{"class":127},[44,99750,115],{"class":58},[44,99752,105],{"class":111},[44,99754,121],{"class":58},[20,99756,99757],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[420,99759,99761],{"id":99760},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99763,99764],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99766,99767],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99769,99771],{"className":37,"code":99770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99772,99773,99793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99774,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99776,51],{"class":50},[44,99778,55],{"class":54},[44,99780,10441],{"class":58},[44,99782,2287],{"class":62},[44,99784,66],{"class":58},[44,99786,7738],{"class":62},[44,99788,66],{"class":58},[44,99790,7743],{"class":62},[44,99792,9258],{"class":58},[44,99794,99795],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99796,99797],{"class":140},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99799,99800],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[420,99802,99804],{"id":99803},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99806,99807],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99809,99811],{"className":37,"code":99810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99812,99813,99818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99814,99815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99816,99817],{"class":140},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99819,99820],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99821,99822],{"class":140},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99824,99825,99826,108],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99827,1424],{},[420,99829,99831],{"id":99830},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99833,99834],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99836,99838],{"className":37,"code":99837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99839,99840,99860,99892,99896,99910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99843,15577],{"class":50},[44,99845,55],{"class":54},[44,99847,10441],{"class":58},[44,99849,63],{"class":62},[44,99851,66],{"class":58},[44,99853,69],{"class":62},[44,99855,66],{"class":58},[44,99857,2408],{"class":62},[44,99859,9258],{"class":58},[44,99861,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99863,11674],{"class":50},[44,99865,55],{"class":54},[44,99867,10441],{"class":58},[44,99869,273],{"class":272},[44,99871,394],{"class":276},[44,99873,273],{"class":272},[44,99875,159],{"class":58},[44,99877,5450],{"class":62},[44,99879,66],{"class":58},[44,99881,284],{"class":272},[44,99883,4714],{"class":276},[44,99885,273],{"class":272},[44,99887,159],{"class":58},[44,99889,69],{"class":62},[44,99891,9258],{"class":58},[44,99893,99894],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99895,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,99897,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99899,128],{"class":127},[44,99901,115],{"class":58},[44,99903,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99905,115],{"class":58},[44,99907,15615],{"class":111},[44,99909,637],{"class":58},[44,99911,99912,99914,99916,99918,99920,99922],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,99913,128],{"class":127},[44,99915,115],{"class":58},[44,99917,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99919,115],{"class":58},[44,99921,11399],{"class":111},[44,99923,637],{"class":58},[30,99925,92552],{"id":92551},[20,99927,99928],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99930,99932],{"className":37,"code":99931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99933,99934,99960,99964,99978,99988,100002,100009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99935,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99937,15577],{"class":50},[44,99939,55],{"class":54},[44,99941,15582],{"class":1458},[44,99943,457],{"class":58},[44,99945,63],{"class":62},[44,99947,66],{"class":58},[44,99949,69],{"class":62},[44,99951,66],{"class":58},[44,99953,69],{"class":62},[44,99955,66],{"class":58},[44,99957,2408],{"class":62},[44,99959,466],{"class":58},[44,99961,99962],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,99963,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,99965,99966,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,99967,128],{"class":127},[44,99969,115],{"class":58},[44,99971,1459],{"class":1458},[44,99973,115],{"class":58},[44,99975,15615],{"class":111},[44,99977,637],{"class":58},[44,99979,99980,99982,99984,99986],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99981,128],{"class":127},[44,99983,115],{"class":58},[44,99985,15615],{"class":111},[44,99987,121],{"class":58},[44,99989,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,99991,128],{"class":127},[44,99993,115],{"class":58},[44,99995,11112],{"class":127},[44,99997,115],{"class":58},[44,99999,15615],{"class":111},[44,100001,637],{"class":58},[44,100003,100004,100006],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,100005,128],{"class":127},[44,100007,100008],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,100012,128],{"class":127},[44,100014,115],{"class":58},[44,100016,236],{"class":1458},[44,100018,7141],{"class":58},[20,100020,100021],{},"Use these to confirm:",[161,100023,100024,100027,100030,100033],{},[164,100025,100026],{},"The object type",[164,100028,100029],{},"The actual values stored",[164,100031,100032],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[164,100034,100035,100036,398,100038],{},"The difference between ",[15,100037,3749],{},[15,100039,3754],{},[30,100041,1757],{"id":1756},[420,100043,100045],{"id":100044},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100047,100048,100049,100052,100053,100055],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100050,100051],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100054,3754],{}," with another iterable.",[420,100057,100059],{"id":100058},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100061,144,100062,100064,100065,100067],{},[15,100063,3754],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100066,3749],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[420,100069,100071],{"id":100070},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100073,100074],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[420,100076,100078],{"id":100077},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100080,100081],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[420,100083,100085],{"id":100084},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100087,100088],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,100090,1821],{"id":1820},[161,100092,100093,100097,100103,100109,100114],{},[164,100094,100095],{},[394,100096,96097],{"href":97268},[164,100098,100099],{},[394,100100,3536,100101,574],{"href":98269},[15,100102,95977],{},[164,100104,100105],{},[394,100106,3536,100107,574],{"href":98288},[15,100108,97083],{},[164,100110,100111],{},[394,100112,100113],{"href":98846},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[164,100115,100116],{},[394,100117,100118],{"href":98560},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100120,100121],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1872,100123,100124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":100126},[100127,100128,100129,100130,100133,100139,100143,100144,100145,100151,100159,100160,100167],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":98532,"depth":75,"text":98533},{"id":98564,"depth":75,"text":98565,"children":100131},[100132],{"id":98633,"depth":95,"text":98634},{"id":98737,"depth":75,"text":100134,"children":100135},"Create a set with set()",[100136,100137,100138],{"id":98762,"depth":95,"text":98763},{"id":98850,"depth":95,"text":98851},{"id":98920,"depth":95,"text":98921},{"id":99005,"depth":75,"text":99006,"children":100140},[100141],{"id":99082,"depth":95,"text":100142},"Do not use {}",{"id":72034,"depth":75,"text":72035},{"id":99290,"depth":75,"text":99291},{"id":99462,"depth":75,"text":99463,"children":100146},[100147,100148,100149,100150],{"id":99466,"depth":95,"text":99467},{"id":99509,"depth":95,"text":99510},{"id":99576,"depth":95,"text":98921},{"id":99612,"depth":95,"text":99613},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":100152},[100153,100155,100156,100157,100158],{"id":99646,"depth":95,"text":100154},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99707,"depth":95,"text":99708},{"id":99760,"depth":95,"text":99761},{"id":99803,"depth":95,"text":99804},{"id":99830,"depth":95,"text":99831},{"id":92551,"depth":75,"text":92552},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":100161},[100162,100163,100164,100165,100166],{"id":100044,"depth":95,"text":100045},{"id":100058,"depth":95,"text":100059},{"id":100070,"depth":95,"text":100071},{"id":100077,"depth":95,"text":100078},{"id":100084,"depth":95,"text":100085},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98335,"description":100168},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100174,"title":100175,"body":100176,"description":102607,"extension":1921,"meta":102608,"navigation":98,"path":102609,"seo":102610,"stem":102611,"__hash__":102612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100177,"toc":102572},[100178,100184,100190,100193,100195,100272,100274,100291,100301,100303,100308,100316,100318,100334,100338,100340,100342,100345,100366,100369,100393,100399,100401,100498,100500,100517,100527,100529,100531,100539,100541,100552,100554,100645,100647,100671,100682,100684,100686,100689,100819,100821,100894,100896,100917,100920,100922,100928,100933,100936,101063,101065,101082,101085,101087,101095,101098,101102,101110,101201,101203,101240,101245,101252,101329,101331,101347,101352,101357,101359,101368,101376,101457,101459,101488,101491,101495,101506,101509,101592,101594,101615,101621,101623,101625,101629,101633,101640,101705,101707,101727,101730,101799,101801,101817,101821,101827,101839,101847,101849,101934,101936,101965,101968,101972,101977,101979,102029,102032,102113,102115,102131,102135,102138,102213,102216,102220,102223,102300,102302,102335,102341,102345,102348,102483,102485,102499,102501,102503,102509,102512,102519,102527,102533,102536,102540,102543,102545,102547,102569],[10,100179,95969,100181,18],{"id":100180},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100182,100183],{},"difference()",[20,100185,100186,100189],{},[15,100187,100188],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100191,100192],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100194,3570],{"id":3569},[35,100196,100198],{"className":37,"code":100197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100199,100200,100224,100244,100262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100201,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100203,2511],{"class":50},[44,100205,55],{"class":54},[44,100207,10441],{"class":58},[44,100209,63],{"class":62},[44,100211,66],{"class":58},[44,100213,69],{"class":62},[44,100215,66],{"class":58},[44,100217,2408],{"class":62},[44,100219,66],{"class":58},[44,100221,90],{"class":62},[44,100223,9258],{"class":58},[44,100225,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100227,2539],{"class":50},[44,100229,55],{"class":54},[44,100231,10441],{"class":58},[44,100233,85],{"class":62},[44,100235,66],{"class":58},[44,100237,90],{"class":62},[44,100239,66],{"class":58},[44,100241,4557],{"class":62},[44,100243,9258],{"class":58},[44,100245,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100247,911],{"class":50},[44,100249,55],{"class":54},[44,100251,56813],{"class":50},[44,100253,108],{"class":58},[44,100255,2769],{"class":111},[44,100257,115],{"class":58},[44,100259,4714],{"class":111},[44,100261,121],{"class":58},[44,100263,100264,100266,100268,100270],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100265,128],{"class":127},[44,100267,115],{"class":58},[44,100269,943],{"class":111},[44,100271,121],{"class":58},[20,100273,2028],{},[35,100275,100277],{"className":37,"code":100276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100278,100279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100280,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100282,9227],{"class":58},[44,100284,63],{"class":62},[44,100286,66],{"class":58},[44,100288,69],{"class":62},[44,100290,9258],{"class":58},[20,100292,100293,100295,100296,100298,100299,108],{},[15,100294,100183],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100297,394],{}," that are not in ",[15,100300,4714],{},[44867,100302],{},[30,100304,151,100306,154],{"id":100305},"what-difference-does",[15,100307,100183],{},[20,100309,1938,100310,100312,100313,100315],{},[15,100311,100183],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[214,100314,4583],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100317,13002],{},[161,100319,100320,100325,100328,100331],{},[164,100321,100322,100324],{},[15,100323,100183],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[164,100326,100327],{},"It creates a new set",[164,100329,100330],{},"It does not change the original set",[164,100332,100333],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100335,96093,100336,108],{},[394,100337,96097],{"href":97268},[44867,100339],{},[30,100341,188],{"id":187},[20,100343,100344],{},"Use this form:",[35,100346,100348],{"className":37,"code":100347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100349,100350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100351,100352,100355,100357,100359,100361,100364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100353,100354],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100356,108],{"class":58},[44,100358,2769],{"class":111},[44,100360,115],{"class":58},[44,100362,100363],{"class":111},"set2",[44,100365,121],{"class":58},[20,100367,100368],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100370,100372],{"className":37,"code":100371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100373,100374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100375,100376,100378,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100377,100354],{"class":50},[44,100379,108],{"class":58},[44,100381,2769],{"class":111},[44,100383,115],{"class":58},[44,100385,100363],{"class":111},[44,100387,66],{"class":58},[44,100389,100390],{"class":111}," set3",[44,100392,121],{"class":58},[20,100394,100395,100396,100398],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[214,100397,5308],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100400,2164],{},[35,100402,100404],{"className":37,"code":100403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100405,100406,100434,100450,100462,100466,100488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100407,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100409,2511],{"class":50},[44,100411,55],{"class":54},[44,100413,10441],{"class":58},[44,100415,63],{"class":62},[44,100417,66],{"class":58},[44,100419,69],{"class":62},[44,100421,66],{"class":58},[44,100423,2408],{"class":62},[44,100425,66],{"class":58},[44,100427,90],{"class":62},[44,100429,66],{"class":58},[44,100431,4557],{"class":62},[44,100433,9258],{"class":58},[44,100435,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100437,2539],{"class":50},[44,100439,55],{"class":54},[44,100441,10441],{"class":58},[44,100443,801],{"class":62},[44,100445,66],{"class":58},[44,100447,2408],{"class":62},[44,100449,9258],{"class":58},[44,100451,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100453,82952],{"class":50},[44,100455,55],{"class":54},[44,100457,10441],{"class":58},[44,100459,1410],{"class":62},[44,100461,9258],{"class":58},[44,100463,100464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100465,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,100469,911],{"class":50},[44,100471,55],{"class":54},[44,100473,56813],{"class":50},[44,100475,108],{"class":58},[44,100477,2769],{"class":111},[44,100479,115],{"class":58},[44,100481,4714],{"class":111},[44,100483,66],{"class":58},[44,100485,9631],{"class":111},[44,100487,121],{"class":58},[44,100489,100490,100492,100494,100496],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,100491,128],{"class":127},[44,100493,115],{"class":58},[44,100495,943],{"class":111},[44,100497,121],{"class":58},[20,100499,2028],{},[35,100501,100503],{"className":37,"code":100502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100504,100505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100506,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100508,9227],{"class":58},[44,100510,63],{"class":62},[44,100512,66],{"class":58},[44,100514,90],{"class":62},[44,100516,9258],{"class":58},[20,100518,100519,100520,100522,100523,2837,100525,108],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100521,394],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100524,4714],{},[15,100526,9689],{},[44867,100528],{},[30,100530,17368],{"id":17367},[20,100532,100533,100535,100536,108],{},[15,100534,100183],{}," always returns a ",[214,100537,100538],{},"new set",[20,100540,43601],{},[161,100542,100543,100546,100549],{},[164,100544,100545],{},"The return value is a new set",[164,100547,100548],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[164,100550,100551],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100553,2164],{},[35,100555,100557],{"className":37,"code":100556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100558,100559,100575,100595,100599,100617,100621,100631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100560,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100562,2511],{"class":50},[44,100564,55],{"class":54},[44,100566,10441],{"class":58},[44,100568,63],{"class":62},[44,100570,66],{"class":58},[44,100572,69],{"class":62},[44,100574,9258],{"class":58},[44,100576,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100578,2539],{"class":50},[44,100580,55],{"class":54},[44,100582,10441],{"class":58},[44,100584,63],{"class":62},[44,100586,66],{"class":58},[44,100588,69],{"class":62},[44,100590,66],{"class":58},[44,100592,2408],{"class":62},[44,100594,9258],{"class":58},[44,100596,100597],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100598,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,100600,100601,100603,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100602,911],{"class":50},[44,100604,55],{"class":54},[44,100606,56813],{"class":50},[44,100608,108],{"class":58},[44,100610,2769],{"class":111},[44,100612,115],{"class":58},[44,100614,4714],{"class":111},[44,100616,121],{"class":58},[44,100618,100619],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,100620,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,100622,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,100624,128],{"class":127},[44,100626,115],{"class":58},[44,100628,943],{"class":111},[44,100630,121],{"class":58},[44,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,100634,128],{"class":127},[44,100636,115],{"class":58},[44,100638,1459],{"class":1458},[44,100640,115],{"class":58},[44,100642,943],{"class":111},[44,100644,637],{"class":58},[20,100646,2028],{},[35,100648,100649],{"className":37,"code":99057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100650,100651,100657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100652,100653,100655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100654,236],{"class":1458},[44,100656,8590],{"class":58},[44,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100660,3248],{"class":54},[44,100662,3251],{"class":2022},[44,100664,3254],{"class":272},[44,100666,236],{"class":276},[44,100668,3259],{"class":272},[44,100670,3262],{"class":54},[20,100672,100673,100674,18913,100676,100678,100679,100681],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100675,3754],{},[15,100677,3749],{},". In Python, ",[15,100680,3749],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44867,100683],{},[30,100685,11425],{"id":11424},[20,100687,100688],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100690,100692],{"className":37,"code":100691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100693,100694,100727,100760,100764,100784,100788,100798,100809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100695,100696,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100697,100698],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100700,55],{"class":54},[44,100702,10441],{"class":58},[44,100704,273],{"class":272},[44,100706,277],{"class":276},[44,100708,273],{"class":272},[44,100710,66],{"class":58},[44,100712,284],{"class":272},[44,100714,287],{"class":276},[44,100716,273],{"class":272},[44,100718,66],{"class":58},[44,100720,284],{"class":272},[44,100722,305],{"class":276},[44,100724,273],{"class":272},[44,100726,9258],{"class":58},[44,100728,100729,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100730,100731],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100733,55],{"class":54},[44,100735,10441],{"class":58},[44,100737,273],{"class":272},[44,100739,287],{"class":276},[44,100741,273],{"class":272},[44,100743,66],{"class":58},[44,100745,284],{"class":272},[44,100747,305],{"class":276},[44,100749,273],{"class":272},[44,100751,66],{"class":58},[44,100753,284],{"class":272},[44,100755,314],{"class":276},[44,100757,273],{"class":272},[44,100759,9258],{"class":58},[44,100761,100762],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100763,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,100765,100766,100768,100770,100773,100775,100777,100779,100782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100767,911],{"class":50},[44,100769,55],{"class":54},[44,100771,100772],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100774,108],{"class":58},[44,100776,2769],{"class":111},[44,100778,115],{"class":58},[44,100780,100781],{"class":111},"fruits_b",[44,100783,121],{"class":58},[44,100785,100786],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,100787,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,100789,100790,100792,100794,100796],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,100791,128],{"class":127},[44,100793,115],{"class":58},[44,100795,943],{"class":111},[44,100797,121],{"class":58},[44,100799,100800,100802,100804,100807],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,100801,128],{"class":127},[44,100803,115],{"class":58},[44,100805,100806],{"class":111},"fruits_a",[44,100808,121],{"class":58},[44,100810,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,100812,128],{"class":127},[44,100814,115],{"class":58},[44,100816,100781],{"class":111},[44,100818,121],{"class":58},[20,100820,29981],{},[35,100822,100824],{"className":37,"code":100823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100825,100826,100838,100866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100827,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100829,9227],{"class":58},[44,100831,3259],{"class":272},[44,100833,277],{"class":276},[44,100835,3259],{"class":272},[44,100837,9258],{"class":58},[44,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100841,9227],{"class":58},[44,100843,3259],{"class":272},[44,100845,287],{"class":276},[44,100847,3259],{"class":272},[44,100849,66],{"class":58},[44,100851,3254],{"class":272},[44,100853,305],{"class":276},[44,100855,3259],{"class":272},[44,100857,66],{"class":58},[44,100859,3254],{"class":272},[44,100861,277],{"class":276},[44,100863,3259],{"class":272},[44,100865,9258],{"class":58},[44,100867,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100869,9227],{"class":58},[44,100871,3259],{"class":272},[44,100873,287],{"class":276},[44,100875,3259],{"class":272},[44,100877,66],{"class":58},[44,100879,3254],{"class":272},[44,100881,305],{"class":276},[44,100883,3259],{"class":272},[44,100885,66],{"class":58},[44,100887,3254],{"class":272},[44,100889,314],{"class":276},[44,100891,3259],{"class":272},[44,100893,9258],{"class":58},[20,100895,361],{},[161,100897,100898,100903,100908,100914],{},[164,100899,100900,100901],{},"Start with ",[15,100902,100806],{},[164,100904,100905,100906],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100907,100781],{},[164,100909,100910,100911,100913],{},"Only ",[15,100912,57756],{}," remains",[164,100915,100916],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100918,100919],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44867,100921],{},[30,100923,582,100925,100927],{"id":100924},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100926,100183],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100929,100930,100931,108],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100932,100183],{},[20,100934,100935],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100937,100939],{"className":37,"code":100938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100940,100941,100973,100990,101003,101020,101024,101053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100942,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100944,51],{"class":50},[44,100946,55],{"class":54},[44,100948,10441],{"class":58},[44,100950,63],{"class":62},[44,100952,66],{"class":58},[44,100954,69],{"class":62},[44,100956,66],{"class":58},[44,100958,2408],{"class":62},[44,100960,66],{"class":58},[44,100962,90],{"class":62},[44,100964,66],{"class":58},[44,100966,4557],{"class":62},[44,100968,66],{"class":58},[44,100970,37594],{"class":62},[44,100972,9258],{"class":58},[44,100974,100975,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,100976,100977],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100979,55],{"class":54},[44,100981,10441],{"class":58},[44,100983,801],{"class":62},[44,100985,66],{"class":58},[44,100987,90],{"class":62},[44,100989,9258],{"class":58},[44,100991,100992,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,100993,100994],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100996,55],{"class":54},[44,100998,10441],{"class":58},[44,101000,1410],{"class":62},[44,101002,9258],{"class":58},[44,101004,101005,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101006,101007],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,101009,55],{"class":54},[44,101011,10441],{"class":58},[44,101013,80360],{"class":62},[44,101015,66],{"class":58},[44,101017,5945],{"class":62},[44,101019,9258],{"class":58},[44,101021,101022],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101023,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101025,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101041,101043,101046,101048,101051],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,101027,911],{"class":50},[44,101029,55],{"class":54},[44,101031,916],{"class":50},[44,101033,108],{"class":58},[44,101035,2769],{"class":111},[44,101037,115],{"class":58},[44,101039,101040],{"class":111},"group_a",[44,101042,66],{"class":58},[44,101044,101045],{"class":111}," group_b",[44,101047,66],{"class":58},[44,101049,101050],{"class":111}," group_c",[44,101052,121],{"class":58},[44,101054,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,101056,128],{"class":127},[44,101058,115],{"class":58},[44,101060,943],{"class":111},[44,101062,121],{"class":58},[20,101064,2028],{},[35,101066,101068],{"className":37,"code":101067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101069,101070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101071,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101073,9227],{"class":58},[44,101075,63],{"class":62},[44,101077,66],{"class":58},[44,101079,2408],{"class":62},[44,101081,9258],{"class":58},[20,101083,101084],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44867,101086],{},[30,101088,101090,408,101092],{"id":101089},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101091,100183],{},[15,101093,101094],{},"difference_update()",[20,101096,101097],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[420,101099,101100],{"id":2769},[15,101101,100183],{},[161,101103,101104,101107],{},[164,101105,101106],{},"Returns a new set",[164,101108,101109],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,101111,101113],{"className":37,"code":101112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101114,101115,101139,101155,101159,101177,101181,101191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101116,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101118,2511],{"class":50},[44,101120,55],{"class":54},[44,101122,10441],{"class":58},[44,101124,63],{"class":62},[44,101126,66],{"class":58},[44,101128,69],{"class":62},[44,101130,66],{"class":58},[44,101132,2408],{"class":62},[44,101134,66],{"class":58},[44,101136,90],{"class":62},[44,101138,9258],{"class":58},[44,101140,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101142,2539],{"class":50},[44,101144,55],{"class":54},[44,101146,10441],{"class":58},[44,101148,85],{"class":62},[44,101150,66],{"class":58},[44,101152,90],{"class":62},[44,101154,9258],{"class":58},[44,101156,101157],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101158,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101162,911],{"class":50},[44,101164,55],{"class":54},[44,101166,56813],{"class":50},[44,101168,108],{"class":58},[44,101170,2769],{"class":111},[44,101172,115],{"class":58},[44,101174,4714],{"class":111},[44,101176,121],{"class":58},[44,101178,101179],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101180,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,101184,128],{"class":127},[44,101186,115],{"class":58},[44,101188,943],{"class":111},[44,101190,121],{"class":58},[44,101192,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,101194,128],{"class":127},[44,101196,115],{"class":58},[44,101198,394],{"class":111},[44,101200,121],{"class":58},[20,101202,2028],{},[35,101204,101206],{"className":37,"code":101205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101207,101208,101220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101209,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101211,9227],{"class":58},[44,101213,63],{"class":62},[44,101215,66],{"class":58},[44,101217,69],{"class":62},[44,101219,9258],{"class":58},[44,101221,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101223,9227],{"class":58},[44,101225,63],{"class":62},[44,101227,66],{"class":58},[44,101229,69],{"class":62},[44,101231,66],{"class":58},[44,101233,2408],{"class":62},[44,101235,66],{"class":58},[44,101237,90],{"class":62},[44,101239,9258],{"class":58},[420,101241,101243],{"id":101242},"difference_update",[15,101244,101094],{},[161,101246,101247,101250],{},[164,101248,101249],{},"Changes the original set",[164,101251,96087],{},[35,101253,101255],{"className":37,"code":101254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101256,101257,101281,101297,101301,101315,101319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101258,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101260,2511],{"class":50},[44,101262,55],{"class":54},[44,101264,10441],{"class":58},[44,101266,63],{"class":62},[44,101268,66],{"class":58},[44,101270,69],{"class":62},[44,101272,66],{"class":58},[44,101274,2408],{"class":62},[44,101276,66],{"class":58},[44,101278,90],{"class":62},[44,101280,9258],{"class":58},[44,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101284,2539],{"class":50},[44,101286,55],{"class":54},[44,101288,10441],{"class":58},[44,101290,85],{"class":62},[44,101292,66],{"class":58},[44,101294,90],{"class":62},[44,101296,9258],{"class":58},[44,101298,101299],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101300,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101302,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101304,394],{"class":50},[44,101306,108],{"class":58},[44,101308,101242],{"class":111},[44,101310,115],{"class":58},[44,101312,4714],{"class":111},[44,101314,121],{"class":58},[44,101316,101317],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101318,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101320,101321,101323,101325,101327],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,101322,128],{"class":127},[44,101324,115],{"class":58},[44,101326,394],{"class":111},[44,101328,121],{"class":58},[20,101330,2028],{},[35,101332,101333],{"className":37,"code":100276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101334,101335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101336,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101338,9227],{"class":58},[44,101340,63],{"class":62},[44,101342,66],{"class":58},[44,101344,69],{"class":62},[44,101346,9258],{"class":58},[20,101348,144,101349,101351],{},[15,101350,100183],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101353,101354,101355,33550],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101356,101094],{},[44867,101358],{},[30,101360,101362,101364,101365,101367],{"id":101361},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101363,100183],{}," vs the ",[15,101366,1980],{}," operator",[20,101369,1938,101370,101372,101373,101375],{},[15,101371,1980],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101374,100183],{}," for two sets.",[35,101377,101379],{"className":37,"code":101378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101380,101381,101405,101421,101425,101443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101382,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101384,2511],{"class":50},[44,101386,55],{"class":54},[44,101388,10441],{"class":58},[44,101390,63],{"class":62},[44,101392,66],{"class":58},[44,101394,69],{"class":62},[44,101396,66],{"class":58},[44,101398,2408],{"class":62},[44,101400,66],{"class":58},[44,101402,90],{"class":62},[44,101404,9258],{"class":58},[44,101406,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101408,2539],{"class":50},[44,101410,55],{"class":54},[44,101412,10441],{"class":58},[44,101414,85],{"class":62},[44,101416,66],{"class":58},[44,101418,90],{"class":62},[44,101420,9258],{"class":58},[44,101422,101423],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101424,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101426,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101428,128],{"class":127},[44,101430,115],{"class":58},[44,101432,394],{"class":111},[44,101434,108],{"class":58},[44,101436,2769],{"class":111},[44,101438,115],{"class":58},[44,101440,4714],{"class":111},[44,101442,637],{"class":58},[44,101444,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101446,128],{"class":127},[44,101448,115],{"class":58},[44,101450,2511],{"class":111},[44,101452,1980],{"class":54},[44,101454,2516],{"class":111},[44,101456,121],{"class":58},[20,101458,2028],{},[35,101460,101462],{"className":37,"code":101461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101463,101464,101476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101465,101466,101468,101470,101472,101474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101467,9227],{"class":58},[44,101469,63],{"class":62},[44,101471,66],{"class":58},[44,101473,69],{"class":62},[44,101475,9258],{"class":58},[44,101477,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101479,9227],{"class":58},[44,101481,63],{"class":62},[44,101483,66],{"class":58},[44,101485,69],{"class":62},[44,101487,9258],{"class":58},[20,101489,101490],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101492,94357,101493,1778],{},[15,101494,100183],{},[161,101496,101497,101500,101503],{},[164,101498,101499],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[164,101501,101502],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[164,101504,101505],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101507,101508],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101510,101512],{"className":37,"code":101511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101513,101514,101542,101554,101566,101570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101515,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101517,2511],{"class":50},[44,101519,55],{"class":54},[44,101521,10441],{"class":58},[44,101523,63],{"class":62},[44,101525,66],{"class":58},[44,101527,69],{"class":62},[44,101529,66],{"class":58},[44,101531,2408],{"class":62},[44,101533,66],{"class":58},[44,101535,90],{"class":62},[44,101537,66],{"class":58},[44,101539,4557],{"class":62},[44,101541,9258],{"class":58},[44,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101545,2539],{"class":50},[44,101547,55],{"class":54},[44,101549,10441],{"class":58},[44,101551,801],{"class":62},[44,101553,9258],{"class":58},[44,101555,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101557,82952],{"class":50},[44,101559,55],{"class":54},[44,101561,10441],{"class":58},[44,101563,2461],{"class":62},[44,101565,9258],{"class":58},[44,101567,101568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101569,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101571,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101573,128],{"class":127},[44,101575,115],{"class":58},[44,101577,394],{"class":111},[44,101579,108],{"class":58},[44,101581,2769],{"class":111},[44,101583,115],{"class":58},[44,101585,4714],{"class":111},[44,101587,66],{"class":58},[44,101589,9631],{"class":111},[44,101591,637],{"class":58},[20,101593,2028],{},[35,101595,101597],{"className":37,"code":101596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101598,101599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101600,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101602,9227],{"class":58},[44,101604,63],{"class":62},[44,101606,66],{"class":58},[44,101608,2408],{"class":62},[44,101610,66],{"class":58},[44,101612,4557],{"class":62},[44,101614,9258],{"class":58},[20,101616,101617,101618,101620],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101619,1980],{}," operator expression.",[44867,101622],{},[30,101624,1083],{"id":1082},[20,101626,21162,101627,108],{},[15,101628,100183],{},[420,101630,101632],{"id":101631},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101634,4580,101635,101637,101638,159],{},[214,101636,4583],{}," change ",[15,101639,394],{},[35,101641,101643],{"className":37,"code":101642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101644,101645,101665,101677,101681,101695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101648,2511],{"class":50},[44,101650,55],{"class":54},[44,101652,10441],{"class":58},[44,101654,63],{"class":62},[44,101656,66],{"class":58},[44,101658,69],{"class":62},[44,101660,66],{"class":58},[44,101662,2408],{"class":62},[44,101664,9258],{"class":58},[44,101666,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101668,2539],{"class":50},[44,101670,55],{"class":54},[44,101672,10441],{"class":58},[44,101674,85],{"class":62},[44,101676,9258],{"class":58},[44,101678,101679],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101680,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101682,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101684,394],{"class":50},[44,101686,108],{"class":58},[44,101688,2769],{"class":111},[44,101690,115],{"class":58},[44,101692,4714],{"class":111},[44,101694,121],{"class":58},[44,101696,101697,101699,101701,101703],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101698,128],{"class":127},[44,101700,115],{"class":58},[44,101702,394],{"class":111},[44,101704,121],{"class":58},[20,101706,2028],{},[35,101708,101709],{"className":37,"code":96376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101710,101711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721,101723,101725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101714,9227],{"class":58},[44,101716,63],{"class":62},[44,101718,66],{"class":58},[44,101720,69],{"class":62},[44,101722,66],{"class":58},[44,101724,2408],{"class":62},[44,101726,9258],{"class":58},[20,101728,101729],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101731,101733],{"className":37,"code":101732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101734,101735,101755,101767,101771,101789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101736,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101738,2511],{"class":50},[44,101740,55],{"class":54},[44,101742,10441],{"class":58},[44,101744,63],{"class":62},[44,101746,66],{"class":58},[44,101748,69],{"class":62},[44,101750,66],{"class":58},[44,101752,2408],{"class":62},[44,101754,9258],{"class":58},[44,101756,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101758,2539],{"class":50},[44,101760,55],{"class":54},[44,101762,10441],{"class":58},[44,101764,85],{"class":62},[44,101766,9258],{"class":58},[44,101768,101769],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101770,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101774,2511],{"class":50},[44,101776,55],{"class":54},[44,101778,56813],{"class":50},[44,101780,108],{"class":58},[44,101782,2769],{"class":111},[44,101784,115],{"class":58},[44,101786,4714],{"class":111},[44,101788,121],{"class":58},[44,101790,101791,101793,101795,101797],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101792,128],{"class":127},[44,101794,115],{"class":58},[44,101796,394],{"class":111},[44,101798,121],{"class":58},[20,101800,2028],{},[35,101802,101803],{"className":37,"code":100276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101804,101805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101806,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101808,9227],{"class":58},[44,101810,63],{"class":62},[44,101812,66],{"class":58},[44,101814,69],{"class":62},[44,101816,9258],{"class":58},[420,101818,101820],{"id":101819},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101822,101823,101826],{},[15,101824,101825],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[161,101828,101829,101834],{},[164,101830,101831,101832],{},"keep items from ",[15,101833,394],{},[164,101835,101836,101837],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101838,4714],{},[20,101840,40857,101841,101843,101844,101846],{},[214,101842,4583],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101845,4714],{},"”.",[20,101848,2164],{},[35,101850,101852],{"className":37,"code":101851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101853,101854,101874,101894,101898,101916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101855,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101857,2511],{"class":50},[44,101859,55],{"class":54},[44,101861,10441],{"class":58},[44,101863,63],{"class":62},[44,101865,66],{"class":58},[44,101867,69],{"class":62},[44,101869,66],{"class":58},[44,101871,2408],{"class":62},[44,101873,9258],{"class":58},[44,101875,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101877,2539],{"class":50},[44,101879,55],{"class":54},[44,101881,10441],{"class":58},[44,101883,85],{"class":62},[44,101885,66],{"class":58},[44,101887,90],{"class":62},[44,101889,66],{"class":58},[44,101891,4557],{"class":62},[44,101893,9258],{"class":58},[44,101895,101896],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,101897,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,101899,101900,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101901,128],{"class":127},[44,101903,115],{"class":58},[44,101905,394],{"class":111},[44,101907,108],{"class":58},[44,101909,2769],{"class":111},[44,101911,115],{"class":58},[44,101913,4714],{"class":111},[44,101915,637],{"class":58},[44,101917,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,101919,128],{"class":127},[44,101921,115],{"class":58},[44,101923,4714],{"class":111},[44,101925,108],{"class":58},[44,101927,2769],{"class":111},[44,101929,115],{"class":58},[44,101931,394],{"class":111},[44,101933,637],{"class":58},[20,101935,2028],{},[35,101937,101939],{"className":37,"code":101938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101940,101941,101953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101942,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101944,9227],{"class":58},[44,101946,63],{"class":62},[44,101948,66],{"class":58},[44,101950,69],{"class":62},[44,101952,9258],{"class":58},[44,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,101956,9227],{"class":58},[44,101958,2461],{"class":62},[44,101960,66],{"class":58},[44,101962,4557],{"class":62},[44,101964,9258],{"class":58},[20,101966,101967],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[420,101969,101971],{"id":101970},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101973,101974,101976],{},[15,101975,100183],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101978,55250],{},[35,101980,101982],{"className":37,"code":101981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101983,101984,102004,102020,102024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101985,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101987,2511],{"class":50},[44,101989,55],{"class":54},[44,101991,59],{"class":58},[44,101993,63],{"class":62},[44,101995,66],{"class":58},[44,101997,69],{"class":62},[44,101999,66],{"class":58},[44,102001,2408],{"class":62},[44,102003,72],{"class":58},[44,102005,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102007,2539],{"class":50},[44,102009,55],{"class":54},[44,102011,59],{"class":58},[44,102013,85],{"class":62},[44,102015,66],{"class":58},[44,102017,90],{"class":62},[44,102019,72],{"class":58},[44,102021,102022],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102023,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102025,102026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102027,102028],{"class":140},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102030,102031],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,102033,102035],{"className":37,"code":102034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102036,102037,102057,102073,102077,102103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102040,2511],{"class":50},[44,102042,55],{"class":54},[44,102044,59],{"class":58},[44,102046,63],{"class":62},[44,102048,66],{"class":58},[44,102050,69],{"class":62},[44,102052,66],{"class":58},[44,102054,2408],{"class":62},[44,102056,72],{"class":58},[44,102058,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102060,2539],{"class":50},[44,102062,55],{"class":54},[44,102064,59],{"class":58},[44,102066,85],{"class":62},[44,102068,66],{"class":58},[44,102070,90],{"class":62},[44,102072,72],{"class":58},[44,102074,102075],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102076,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102078,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102080,911],{"class":50},[44,102082,55],{"class":54},[44,102084,15582],{"class":1458},[44,102086,115],{"class":58},[44,102088,394],{"class":111},[44,102090,8578],{"class":58},[44,102092,2769],{"class":111},[44,102094,115],{"class":58},[44,102096,236],{"class":1458},[44,102098,115],{"class":58},[44,102100,4714],{"class":111},[44,102102,637],{"class":58},[44,102104,102105,102107,102109,102111],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,102106,128],{"class":127},[44,102108,115],{"class":58},[44,102110,943],{"class":111},[44,102112,121],{"class":58},[20,102114,2028],{},[35,102116,102117],{"className":37,"code":100276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102118,102119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102120,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102122,9227],{"class":58},[44,102124,63],{"class":62},[44,102126,66],{"class":58},[44,102128,69],{"class":62},[44,102130,9258],{"class":58},[420,102132,102134],{"id":102133},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102136,102137],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102139,102141],{"className":37,"code":102140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102142,102143,102175,102191,102195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102144,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102146,2511],{"class":50},[44,102148,55],{"class":54},[44,102150,10441],{"class":58},[44,102152,273],{"class":272},[44,102154,36997],{"class":276},[44,102156,273],{"class":272},[44,102158,66],{"class":58},[44,102160,284],{"class":272},[44,102162,58050],{"class":276},[44,102164,273],{"class":272},[44,102166,66],{"class":58},[44,102168,284],{"class":272},[44,102170,58067],{"class":276},[44,102172,273],{"class":272},[44,102174,9258],{"class":58},[44,102176,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102178,2539],{"class":50},[44,102180,55],{"class":54},[44,102182,10441],{"class":58},[44,102184,273],{"class":272},[44,102186,58050],{"class":276},[44,102188,273],{"class":272},[44,102190,9258],{"class":58},[44,102192,102193],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102194,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102196,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102198,128],{"class":127},[44,102200,115],{"class":58},[44,102202,394],{"class":111},[44,102204,108],{"class":58},[44,102206,2769],{"class":111},[44,102208,115],{"class":58},[44,102210,4714],{"class":111},[44,102212,637],{"class":58},[20,102214,102215],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[420,102217,102219],{"id":102218},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102221,102222],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102224,102226],{"className":37,"code":102225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102227,102228,102256,102268,102272,102282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102229,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102231,2511],{"class":50},[44,102233,55],{"class":54},[44,102235,10441],{"class":58},[44,102237,63],{"class":62},[44,102239,66],{"class":58},[44,102241,5450],{"class":62},[44,102243,66],{"class":58},[44,102245,69],{"class":62},[44,102247,66],{"class":58},[44,102249,69],{"class":62},[44,102251,66],{"class":58},[44,102253,2408],{"class":62},[44,102255,9258],{"class":58},[44,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102259,2539],{"class":50},[44,102261,55],{"class":54},[44,102263,10441],{"class":58},[44,102265,85],{"class":62},[44,102267,9258],{"class":58},[44,102269,102270],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102271,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102275,128],{"class":127},[44,102277,115],{"class":58},[44,102279,394],{"class":111},[44,102281,121],{"class":58},[44,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,102285,128],{"class":127},[44,102287,115],{"class":58},[44,102289,394],{"class":111},[44,102291,108],{"class":58},[44,102293,2769],{"class":111},[44,102295,115],{"class":58},[44,102297,4714],{"class":111},[44,102299,637],{"class":58},[20,102301,2028],{},[35,102303,102305],{"className":37,"code":102304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102306,102307,102323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102308,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102310,9227],{"class":58},[44,102312,63],{"class":62},[44,102314,66],{"class":58},[44,102316,69],{"class":62},[44,102318,66],{"class":58},[44,102320,2408],{"class":62},[44,102322,9258],{"class":58},[44,102324,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102326,9227],{"class":58},[44,102328,63],{"class":62},[44,102330,66],{"class":58},[44,102332,69],{"class":62},[44,102334,9258],{"class":58},[20,102336,102337,102338,102340],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102339,100183],{}," runs.",[420,102342,102344],{"id":102343},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102346,102347],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102349,102351],{"className":37,"code":102350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102352,102353,102377,102397,102401,102411,102421,102439,102461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102354,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373,102375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102356,2511],{"class":50},[44,102358,55],{"class":54},[44,102360,10441],{"class":58},[44,102362,63],{"class":62},[44,102364,66],{"class":58},[44,102366,69],{"class":62},[44,102368,66],{"class":58},[44,102370,2408],{"class":62},[44,102372,66],{"class":58},[44,102374,90],{"class":62},[44,102376,9258],{"class":58},[44,102378,102379,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102380,2539],{"class":50},[44,102382,55],{"class":54},[44,102384,10441],{"class":58},[44,102386,85],{"class":62},[44,102388,66],{"class":58},[44,102390,90],{"class":62},[44,102392,66],{"class":58},[44,102394,4557],{"class":62},[44,102396,9258],{"class":58},[44,102398,102399],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102400,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102402,102403,102405,102407,102409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102404,128],{"class":127},[44,102406,115],{"class":58},[44,102408,394],{"class":111},[44,102410,121],{"class":58},[44,102412,102413,102415,102417,102419],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,102414,128],{"class":127},[44,102416,115],{"class":58},[44,102418,4714],{"class":111},[44,102420,121],{"class":58},[44,102422,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,102424,128],{"class":127},[44,102426,115],{"class":58},[44,102428,394],{"class":111},[44,102430,108],{"class":58},[44,102432,2769],{"class":111},[44,102434,115],{"class":58},[44,102436,4714],{"class":111},[44,102438,637],{"class":58},[44,102440,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,102442,128],{"class":127},[44,102444,115],{"class":58},[44,102446,1459],{"class":1458},[44,102448,115],{"class":58},[44,102450,394],{"class":111},[44,102452,108],{"class":58},[44,102454,2769],{"class":111},[44,102456,115],{"class":58},[44,102458,4714],{"class":111},[44,102460,2871],{"class":58},[44,102462,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,102464,128],{"class":127},[44,102466,115],{"class":58},[44,102468,11112],{"class":127},[44,102470,115],{"class":58},[44,102472,394],{"class":111},[44,102474,108],{"class":58},[44,102476,2769],{"class":111},[44,102478,115],{"class":58},[44,102480,4714],{"class":111},[44,102482,2871],{"class":58},[20,102484,11121],{},[161,102486,102487,102490,102493,102496],{},[164,102488,102489],{},"what is in each set",[164,102491,102492],{},"what result Python creates",[164,102494,102495],{},"that the result is a set",[164,102497,102498],{},"how many items remain",[44867,102500],{},[30,102502,1757],{"id":1756},[420,102504,1761,102506,102508],{"id":102505},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102507,100183],{}," change the original set?",[20,102510,102511],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[420,102513,1773,102515,398,102517,1778],{"id":102514},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102516,100183],{},[15,102518,101094],{},[20,102520,102521,102523,102524,102526],{},[15,102522,100183],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102525,101094],{}," modifies the original set.",[420,102528,1790,102530,102532],{"id":102529},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102531,100183],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102534,102535],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[420,102537,102539],{"id":102538},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102541,102542],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44867,102544],{},[30,102546,1821],{"id":1820},[161,102548,102549,102553,102561],{},[164,102550,102551],{},[394,102552,96097],{"href":97268},[164,102554,102555],{},[394,102556,96583,102558,574],{"href":102557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102559,102560],{},"intersection()",[164,102562,102563],{},[394,102564,96583,102566,574],{"href":102565},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102567,102568],{},"union()",[1872,102570,102571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":102573},[102574,102575,102577,102578,102579,102580,102582,102587,102589,102597,102606],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":100305,"depth":75,"text":102576},"What difference() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":100924,"depth":75,"text":102581},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101089,"depth":75,"text":102583,"children":102584},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102585,102586],{"id":2769,"depth":95,"text":100183},{"id":101242,"depth":95,"text":101094},{"id":101361,"depth":75,"text":102588},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":102590},[102591,102592,102593,102594,102595,102596],{"id":101631,"depth":95,"text":101632},{"id":101819,"depth":95,"text":101820},{"id":101970,"depth":95,"text":101971},{"id":102133,"depth":95,"text":102134},{"id":102218,"depth":95,"text":102219},{"id":102343,"depth":95,"text":102344},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":102598},[102599,102601,102603,102605],{"id":102505,"depth":95,"text":102600},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102514,"depth":95,"text":102602},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102529,"depth":95,"text":102604},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102538,"depth":95,"text":102539},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100175,"description":102607},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102614,"title":102615,"body":102616,"description":104311,"extension":1921,"meta":104312,"navigation":98,"path":104313,"seo":104314,"stem":104315,"__hash__":104316},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102617,"toc":104273},[102618,102624,102630,102643,102645,102746,102748,102793,102798,102803,102807,102821,102824,102832,102834,102853,102871,102875,102928,102930,102951,102958,102963,102990,102997,103096,103098,103135,103143,103147,103153,103156,103229,103231,103239,103244,103313,103315,103340,103342,103345,103448,103450,103511,103514,103518,103524,103597,103599,103632,103635,103638,103678,103684,103707,103712,103716,103727,103730,103732,103736,103742,103744,103801,103811,103813,103866,103873,103878,103946,103954,103960,103964,103966,104005,104010,104059,104063,104066,104068,104107,104110,104112,104117,104174,104176,104190,104192,104196,104202,104207,104212,104219,104230,104236,104241,104243,104270],[10,102619,95969,102621,18],{"id":102620},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102622,102623],{},"discard()",[20,102625,102626,102629],{},[15,102627,102628],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102631,102632,102633,798,102638,14002,102640,102642],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[394,102634,102635],{"href":97978},[15,102636,102637],{},"set.remove()",[15,102639,102623],{},[214,102641,4583],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102644,33],{"id":32},[35,102646,102648],{"className":37,"code":102647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102649,102650,102682,102701,102711,102715,102736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102653,13026],{"class":50},[44,102655,55],{"class":54},[44,102657,10441],{"class":58},[44,102659,273],{"class":272},[44,102661,13043],{"class":276},[44,102663,273],{"class":272},[44,102665,66],{"class":58},[44,102667,284],{"class":272},[44,102669,13060],{"class":276},[44,102671,273],{"class":272},[44,102673,66],{"class":58},[44,102675,284],{"class":272},[44,102677,17405],{"class":276},[44,102679,273],{"class":272},[44,102681,9258],{"class":58},[44,102683,102684,102686,102688,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102685,17452],{"class":50},[44,102687,108],{"class":58},[44,102689,102690],{"class":111},"discard",[44,102692,115],{"class":58},[44,102694,273],{"class":272},[44,102696,13060],{"class":276},[44,102698,273],{"class":272},[44,102700,121],{"class":58},[44,102702,102703,102705,102707,102709],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102704,128],{"class":127},[44,102706,115],{"class":58},[44,102708,17452],{"class":111},[44,102710,121],{"class":58},[44,102712,102713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102714,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,102716,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,102718,17452],{"class":50},[44,102720,108],{"class":58},[44,102722,102690],{"class":111},[44,102724,115],{"class":58},[44,102726,273],{"class":272},[44,102728,22475],{"class":276},[44,102730,273],{"class":272},[44,102732,1476],{"class":58},[44,102734,102735],{"class":140},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102737,102738,102740,102742,102744],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,102739,128],{"class":127},[44,102741,115],{"class":58},[44,102743,17452],{"class":111},[44,102745,121],{"class":58},[20,102747,29981],{},[35,102749,102751],{"className":37,"code":102750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102752,102753,102773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102754,102755,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102756,9227],{"class":58},[44,102758,3259],{"class":272},[44,102760,13043],{"class":276},[44,102762,3259],{"class":272},[44,102764,66],{"class":58},[44,102766,3254],{"class":272},[44,102768,17405],{"class":276},[44,102770,3259],{"class":272},[44,102772,9258],{"class":58},[44,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102776,9227],{"class":58},[44,102778,3259],{"class":272},[44,102780,13043],{"class":276},[44,102782,3259],{"class":272},[44,102784,66],{"class":58},[44,102786,3254],{"class":272},[44,102788,17405],{"class":276},[44,102790,3259],{"class":272},[44,102792,9258],{"class":58},[20,102794,144,102795,102797],{},[15,102796,102623],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102799,151,102801,154],{"id":102800},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102802,102628],{},[20,102804,102805,159],{},[15,102806,102623],{},[161,102808,102809,102812,102815,102817],{},[164,102810,102811],{},"Removes one item from a set",[164,102813,102814],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[164,102816,96084],{},[164,102818,175,102819],{},[15,102820,178],{},[20,102822,102823],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102825,96093,102826,2837,102829,108],{},[394,102827,102828],{"href":98560},"what a set is in Python",[394,102830,102831],{"href":97652},"how to create a set",[30,102833,188],{"id":187},[35,102835,102837],{"className":37,"code":102836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102838,102839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102840,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102842,15615],{"class":50},[44,102844,108],{"class":58},[44,102846,102690],{"class":111},[44,102848,115],{"class":58},[44,102850,2429],{"class":111},[44,102852,121],{"class":58},[161,102854,102855,102860,102865,102868],{},[164,102856,102857,102859],{},[15,102858,15615],{}," is the set you want to change",[164,102861,102862,102864],{},[15,102863,2429],{}," is the item you want to remove",[164,102866,102867],{},"The set must already exist",[164,102869,102870],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[420,102872,102874],{"id":102873},"example","Example",[35,102876,102878],{"className":37,"code":102877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102879,102880,102904,102918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102881,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102883,51],{"class":50},[44,102885,55],{"class":54},[44,102887,10441],{"class":58},[44,102889,63],{"class":62},[44,102891,66],{"class":58},[44,102893,69],{"class":62},[44,102895,66],{"class":58},[44,102897,2408],{"class":62},[44,102899,66],{"class":58},[44,102901,90],{"class":62},[44,102903,9258],{"class":58},[44,102905,102906,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,102907,105],{"class":50},[44,102909,108],{"class":58},[44,102911,102690],{"class":111},[44,102913,115],{"class":58},[44,102915,85],{"class":62},[44,102917,121],{"class":58},[44,102919,102920,102922,102924,102926],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,102921,128],{"class":127},[44,102923,115],{"class":58},[44,102925,105],{"class":111},[44,102927,121],{"class":58},[20,102929,2028],{},[35,102931,102933],{"className":37,"code":102932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102934,102935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102936,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102938,9227],{"class":58},[44,102940,63],{"class":62},[44,102942,66],{"class":58},[44,102944,69],{"class":62},[44,102946,66],{"class":58},[44,102948,90],{"class":62},[44,102950,9258],{"class":58},[30,102952,102954,102955,102957],{"id":102953},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102956,102623],{}," different",[20,102959,102960,102962],{},[15,102961,102623],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[161,102964,102965,102978,102987],{},[164,102966,102967,102968,798,102972,102974,102975,102977],{},"Unlike ",[394,102969,102970],{"href":97978},[15,102971,55458],{},[15,102973,102623],{}," does not raise ",[15,102976,19637],{}," when the item is missing",[164,102979,102967,102980,798,102984,102986],{},[394,102981,102982],{"href":97983},[15,102983,12713],{},[15,102985,102623],{}," removes a specific item",[164,102988,102989],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[420,102991,102993,408,102995],{"id":102992},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102994,102623],{},[15,102996,55458],{},[35,102998,103000],{"className":37,"code":102999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103001,103002,103026,103030,103051,103061,103065,103086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103005,818],{"class":50},[44,103007,55],{"class":54},[44,103009,10441],{"class":58},[44,103011,273],{"class":272},[44,103013,277],{"class":276},[44,103015,273],{"class":272},[44,103017,66],{"class":58},[44,103019,284],{"class":272},[44,103021,287],{"class":276},[44,103023,273],{"class":272},[44,103025,9258],{"class":58},[44,103027,103028],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103029,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103031,103032,103034,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103033,835],{"class":50},[44,103035,108],{"class":58},[44,103037,102690],{"class":111},[44,103039,115],{"class":58},[44,103041,273],{"class":272},[44,103043,305],{"class":276},[44,103045,273],{"class":272},[44,103047,1476],{"class":58},[44,103049,103050],{"class":140},"   # no error\n",[44,103052,103053,103055,103057,103059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103054,128],{"class":127},[44,103056,115],{"class":58},[44,103058,835],{"class":111},[44,103060,121],{"class":58},[44,103062,103063],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,103064,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,103068,835],{"class":50},[44,103070,108],{"class":58},[44,103072,34745],{"class":111},[44,103074,115],{"class":58},[44,103076,273],{"class":272},[44,103078,287],{"class":276},[44,103080,273],{"class":272},[44,103082,1476],{"class":58},[44,103084,103085],{"class":140},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,103087,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,103089,128],{"class":127},[44,103091,115],{"class":58},[44,103093,835],{"class":111},[44,103095,121],{"class":58},[20,103097,2028],{},[35,103099,103101],{"className":37,"code":103100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103102,103103,103123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103104,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103106,9227],{"class":58},[44,103108,3259],{"class":272},[44,103110,277],{"class":276},[44,103112,3259],{"class":272},[44,103114,66],{"class":58},[44,103116,3254],{"class":272},[44,103118,287],{"class":276},[44,103120,3259],{"class":272},[44,103122,9258],{"class":58},[44,103124,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103126,9227],{"class":58},[44,103128,3259],{"class":272},[44,103130,277],{"class":276},[44,103132,3259],{"class":272},[44,103134,9258],{"class":58},[20,103136,40294,103137,103139,103140,103142],{},[15,103138,55458],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[394,103141,11025],{"href":11024}," for more help with that case.",[30,103144,103146],{"id":103145},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103148,103149,877,103151,108],{},[15,103150,102623],{},[15,103152,178],{},[20,103154,103155],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103157,103159],{"className":37,"code":103158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103160,103161,103193,103215,103219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103162,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103164,13026],{"class":50},[44,103166,55],{"class":54},[44,103168,10441],{"class":58},[44,103170,273],{"class":272},[44,103172,13043],{"class":276},[44,103174,273],{"class":272},[44,103176,66],{"class":58},[44,103178,284],{"class":272},[44,103180,13060],{"class":276},[44,103182,273],{"class":272},[44,103184,66],{"class":58},[44,103186,284],{"class":272},[44,103188,17405],{"class":276},[44,103190,273],{"class":272},[44,103192,9258],{"class":58},[44,103194,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103196,911],{"class":50},[44,103198,55],{"class":54},[44,103200,13074],{"class":50},[44,103202,108],{"class":58},[44,103204,102690],{"class":111},[44,103206,115],{"class":58},[44,103208,273],{"class":272},[44,103210,13060],{"class":276},[44,103212,273],{"class":272},[44,103214,121],{"class":58},[44,103216,103217],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103218,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103222,128],{"class":127},[44,103224,115],{"class":58},[44,103226,943],{"class":111},[44,103228,121],{"class":58},[20,103230,2028],{},[35,103232,103233],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103234,103235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103236,103237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103238,11758],{"class":1582},[20,103240,103241,103242,159],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103243,17452],{},[35,103245,103247],{"className":37,"code":103246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103248,103249,103281,103299,103303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103252,13026],{"class":50},[44,103254,55],{"class":54},[44,103256,10441],{"class":58},[44,103258,273],{"class":272},[44,103260,13043],{"class":276},[44,103262,273],{"class":272},[44,103264,66],{"class":58},[44,103266,284],{"class":272},[44,103268,13060],{"class":276},[44,103270,273],{"class":272},[44,103272,66],{"class":58},[44,103274,284],{"class":272},[44,103276,17405],{"class":276},[44,103278,273],{"class":272},[44,103280,9258],{"class":58},[44,103282,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103284,17452],{"class":50},[44,103286,108],{"class":58},[44,103288,102690],{"class":111},[44,103290,115],{"class":58},[44,103292,273],{"class":272},[44,103294,13060],{"class":276},[44,103296,273],{"class":272},[44,103298,121],{"class":58},[44,103300,103301],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103302,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103306,128],{"class":127},[44,103308,115],{"class":58},[44,103310,17452],{"class":111},[44,103312,121],{"class":58},[20,103314,2028],{},[35,103316,103318],{"className":37,"code":103317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103319,103320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103321,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332,103334,103336,103338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103323,9227],{"class":58},[44,103325,3259],{"class":272},[44,103327,13043],{"class":276},[44,103329,3259],{"class":272},[44,103331,66],{"class":58},[44,103333,3254],{"class":272},[44,103335,17405],{"class":276},[44,103337,3259],{"class":272},[44,103339,9258],{"class":58},[30,103341,11425],{"id":11424},[20,103343,103344],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103346,103348],{"className":37,"code":103347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103349,103350,103382,103386,103404,103408,103426,103430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103351,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103353,265],{"class":50},[44,103355,55],{"class":54},[44,103357,10441],{"class":58},[44,103359,273],{"class":272},[44,103361,277],{"class":276},[44,103363,273],{"class":272},[44,103365,66],{"class":58},[44,103367,284],{"class":272},[44,103369,287],{"class":276},[44,103371,273],{"class":272},[44,103373,66],{"class":58},[44,103375,284],{"class":272},[44,103377,305],{"class":276},[44,103379,273],{"class":272},[44,103381,9258],{"class":58},[44,103383,103384],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103385,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103387,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103389,128],{"class":127},[44,103391,115],{"class":58},[44,103393,273],{"class":272},[44,103395,11514],{"class":276},[44,103397,273],{"class":272},[44,103399,66],{"class":58},[44,103401,52797],{"class":111},[44,103403,121],{"class":58},[44,103405,103406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103407,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103409,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,103411,327],{"class":50},[44,103413,108],{"class":58},[44,103415,102690],{"class":111},[44,103417,115],{"class":58},[44,103419,273],{"class":272},[44,103421,287],{"class":276},[44,103423,273],{"class":272},[44,103425,121],{"class":58},[44,103427,103428],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,103429,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,103433,128],{"class":127},[44,103435,115],{"class":58},[44,103437,273],{"class":272},[44,103439,11554],{"class":276},[44,103441,273],{"class":272},[44,103443,66],{"class":58},[44,103445,52797],{"class":111},[44,103447,121],{"class":58},[20,103449,2028],{},[35,103451,103453],{"className":37,"code":103452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103454,103455,103487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103456,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103458,11574],{"class":50},[44,103460,159],{"class":58},[44,103462,10441],{"class":58},[44,103464,3259],{"class":272},[44,103466,287],{"class":276},[44,103468,3259],{"class":272},[44,103470,66],{"class":58},[44,103472,3254],{"class":272},[44,103474,277],{"class":276},[44,103476,3259],{"class":272},[44,103478,66],{"class":58},[44,103480,3254],{"class":272},[44,103482,305],{"class":276},[44,103484,3259],{"class":272},[44,103486,9258],{"class":58},[44,103488,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103490,11627],{"class":50},[44,103492,159],{"class":58},[44,103494,10441],{"class":58},[44,103496,3259],{"class":272},[44,103498,277],{"class":276},[44,103500,3259],{"class":272},[44,103502,66],{"class":58},[44,103504,3254],{"class":272},[44,103506,305],{"class":276},[44,103508,3259],{"class":272},[44,103510,9258],{"class":58},[20,103512,103513],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103515,103517],{"id":103516},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103519,103520,103521,103523],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103522,102623],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103525,103527],{"className":37,"code":103526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103528,103529,103561,103565,103583,103587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103530,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103532,265],{"class":50},[44,103534,55],{"class":54},[44,103536,10441],{"class":58},[44,103538,273],{"class":272},[44,103540,277],{"class":276},[44,103542,273],{"class":272},[44,103544,66],{"class":58},[44,103546,284],{"class":272},[44,103548,287],{"class":276},[44,103550,273],{"class":272},[44,103552,66],{"class":58},[44,103554,284],{"class":272},[44,103556,305],{"class":276},[44,103558,273],{"class":272},[44,103560,9258],{"class":58},[44,103562,103563],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103564,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103568,327],{"class":50},[44,103570,108],{"class":58},[44,103572,102690],{"class":111},[44,103574,115],{"class":58},[44,103576,273],{"class":272},[44,103578,314],{"class":276},[44,103580,273],{"class":272},[44,103582,121],{"class":58},[44,103584,103585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103586,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103588,103589,103591,103593,103595],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,103590,128],{"class":127},[44,103592,115],{"class":58},[44,103594,327],{"class":111},[44,103596,121],{"class":58},[20,103598,2028],{},[35,103600,103602],{"className":37,"code":103601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103603,103604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628,103630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103607,9227],{"class":58},[44,103609,3259],{"class":272},[44,103611,287],{"class":276},[44,103613,3259],{"class":272},[44,103615,66],{"class":58},[44,103617,3254],{"class":272},[44,103619,277],{"class":276},[44,103621,3259],{"class":272},[44,103623,66],{"class":58},[44,103625,3254],{"class":272},[44,103627,305],{"class":276},[44,103629,3259],{"class":272},[44,103631,9258],{"class":58},[20,103633,103634],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103636,103637],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103639,103641],{"className":37,"code":103640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103642,103643,103659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103644,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103646,6944],{"class":3832},[44,103648,284],{"class":272},[44,103650,314],{"class":276},[44,103652,273],{"class":272},[44,103654,21124],{"class":54},[44,103656,52797],{"class":50},[44,103658,6344],{"class":58},[44,103660,103661,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103662,103663],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103665,108],{"class":58},[44,103667,34745],{"class":111},[44,103669,115],{"class":58},[44,103671,273],{"class":272},[44,103673,314],{"class":276},[44,103675,273],{"class":272},[44,103677,121],{"class":58},[20,103679,103680,103681,103683],{},"With ",[15,103682,102623],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103685,103687],{"className":37,"code":103686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103688,103689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103690,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103692,327],{"class":50},[44,103694,108],{"class":58},[44,103696,102690],{"class":111},[44,103698,115],{"class":58},[44,103700,273],{"class":272},[44,103702,314],{"class":276},[44,103704,273],{"class":272},[44,103706,121],{"class":58},[30,103708,1638,103710],{"id":103709},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103711,102623],{},[20,103713,144,103714,10551],{},[15,103715,102623],{},[161,103717,103718,103721,103724],{},[164,103719,103720],{},"Missing values are normal",[164,103722,103723],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[164,103725,103726],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103728,103729],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103731,2788],{"id":2787},[20,103733,8393,103734,108],{},[15,103735,102623],{},[420,103737,8399,103739,103741],{"id":103738},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103740,102623],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103743,4477],{},[35,103745,103747],{"className":37,"code":103746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103748,103749,103769,103787,103791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103752,51],{"class":50},[44,103754,55],{"class":54},[44,103756,10441],{"class":58},[44,103758,63],{"class":62},[44,103760,66],{"class":58},[44,103762,69],{"class":62},[44,103764,66],{"class":58},[44,103766,2408],{"class":62},[44,103768,9258],{"class":58},[44,103770,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103772,51],{"class":50},[44,103774,55],{"class":54},[44,103776,916],{"class":50},[44,103778,108],{"class":58},[44,103780,102690],{"class":111},[44,103782,115],{"class":58},[44,103784,801],{"class":62},[44,103786,121],{"class":58},[44,103788,103789],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103790,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103792,103793,103795,103797,103799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103794,128],{"class":127},[44,103796,115],{"class":58},[44,103798,105],{"class":111},[44,103800,121],{"class":58},[20,103802,103803,42106,103805,8548,103807,877,103809,108],{},[15,103804,105],{},[15,103806,178],{},[15,103808,102623],{},[15,103810,178],{},[20,103812,18790],{},[35,103814,103816],{"className":37,"code":103815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103817,103818,103838,103852,103856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103819,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103821,51],{"class":50},[44,103823,55],{"class":54},[44,103825,10441],{"class":58},[44,103827,63],{"class":62},[44,103829,66],{"class":58},[44,103831,69],{"class":62},[44,103833,66],{"class":58},[44,103835,2408],{"class":62},[44,103837,9258],{"class":58},[44,103839,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103841,105],{"class":50},[44,103843,108],{"class":58},[44,103845,102690],{"class":111},[44,103847,115],{"class":58},[44,103849,801],{"class":62},[44,103851,121],{"class":58},[44,103853,103854],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103855,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,103857,103858,103860,103862,103864],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103859,128],{"class":127},[44,103861,115],{"class":58},[44,103863,105],{"class":111},[44,103865,121],{"class":58},[420,103867,37154,103869,8652,103871],{"id":103868},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103870,102623],{},[15,103872,55458],{},[20,103874,103875,103876,108],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103877,102623],{},[35,103879,103881],{"className":37,"code":103880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103882,103883,103915,103936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103884,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103886,672],{"class":50},[44,103888,55],{"class":54},[44,103890,10441],{"class":58},[44,103892,273],{"class":272},[44,103894,394],{"class":276},[44,103896,273],{"class":272},[44,103898,66],{"class":58},[44,103900,284],{"class":272},[44,103902,4714],{"class":276},[44,103904,273],{"class":272},[44,103906,66],{"class":58},[44,103908,284],{"class":272},[44,103910,9689],{"class":276},[44,103912,273],{"class":272},[44,103914,9258],{"class":58},[44,103916,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103918,689],{"class":50},[44,103920,108],{"class":58},[44,103922,102690],{"class":111},[44,103924,115],{"class":58},[44,103926,273],{"class":272},[44,103928,22028],{"class":276},[44,103930,273],{"class":272},[44,103932,1476],{"class":58},[44,103934,103935],{"class":140},"   # safe\n",[44,103937,103938,103940,103942,103944],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,103939,128],{"class":127},[44,103941,115],{"class":58},[44,103943,689],{"class":111},[44,103945,121],{"class":58},[20,103947,103948,103949,45859,103952,108],{},"If you use ",[15,103950,103951],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103953,19637],{},[420,103955,25567,103957,103959],{"id":103956},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103958,102623],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103961,103962,101976],{},[15,103963,102623],{},[20,103965,16593],{},[35,103967,103969],{"className":37,"code":103968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103970,103971,103991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103972,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981,103983,103985,103987,103989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103974,818],{"class":50},[44,103976,55],{"class":54},[44,103978,59],{"class":58},[44,103980,63],{"class":62},[44,103982,66],{"class":58},[44,103984,69],{"class":62},[44,103986,66],{"class":58},[44,103988,2408],{"class":62},[44,103990,72],{"class":58},[44,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,103994,835],{"class":50},[44,103996,108],{"class":58},[44,103998,102690],{"class":111},[44,104000,115],{"class":58},[44,104002,801],{"class":62},[44,104004,121],{"class":58},[20,104006,104007,104008,159],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104009,102623],{},[35,104011,104013],{"className":37,"code":104012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104014,104015,104035,104049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104016,104017,104019,104021,104023,104025,104027,104029,104031,104033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104018,818],{"class":50},[44,104020,55],{"class":54},[44,104022,10441],{"class":58},[44,104024,63],{"class":62},[44,104026,66],{"class":58},[44,104028,69],{"class":62},[44,104030,66],{"class":58},[44,104032,2408],{"class":62},[44,104034,9258],{"class":58},[44,104036,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104038,835],{"class":50},[44,104040,108],{"class":58},[44,104042,102690],{"class":111},[44,104044,115],{"class":58},[44,104046,801],{"class":62},[44,104048,121],{"class":58},[44,104050,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104052,128],{"class":127},[44,104054,115],{"class":58},[44,104056,835],{"class":111},[44,104058,121],{"class":58},[420,104060,104062],{"id":104061},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104064,104065],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104067,2795],{},[35,104069,104071],{"className":37,"code":104070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104072,104073,104093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104074,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104076,9114],{"class":50},[44,104078,55],{"class":54},[44,104080,10441],{"class":58},[44,104082,63],{"class":62},[44,104084,66],{"class":58},[44,104086,69],{"class":62},[44,104088,66],{"class":58},[44,104090,2408],{"class":62},[44,104092,9258],{"class":58},[44,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104096,9153],{"class":50},[44,104098,108],{"class":58},[44,104100,102690],{"class":111},[44,104102,457],{"class":58},[44,104104,801],{"class":62},[44,104106,466],{"class":58},[20,104108,104109],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104111,8820],{"id":8819},[20,104113,8823,104114,104116],{},[15,104115,102623],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104118,104120],{"className":37,"code":104119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104121,104122,104132,104146,104160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104123,104124,104126,104128,104130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104125,128],{"class":127},[44,104127,115],{"class":58},[44,104129,15615],{"class":111},[44,104131,121],{"class":58},[44,104133,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104135,128],{"class":127},[44,104137,115],{"class":58},[44,104139,1459],{"class":1458},[44,104141,115],{"class":58},[44,104143,15615],{"class":111},[44,104145,637],{"class":58},[44,104147,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104149,128],{"class":127},[44,104151,115],{"class":58},[44,104153,2403],{"class":111},[44,104155,3839],{"class":3832},[44,104157,96693],{"class":111},[44,104159,121],{"class":58},[44,104161,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104163,1483],{"class":127},[44,104165,115],{"class":58},[44,104167,236],{"class":1458},[44,104169,108],{"class":58},[44,104171,102690],{"class":1492},[44,104173,121],{"class":58},[20,104175,11121],{},[161,104177,104178,104181,104184,104187],{},[164,104179,104180],{},"What is currently in the set",[164,104182,104183],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[164,104185,104186],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[164,104188,104189],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104191,1757],{"id":1756},[420,104193,104195],{"id":104194},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104197,104198,104199,104201],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104200,102623],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[420,104203,5096,104205,12666],{"id":104204},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104206,102628],{},[20,104208,5102,104209,104211],{},[15,104210,178],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[420,104213,1773,104215,398,104217,1778],{"id":104214},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104216,102623],{},[15,104218,55458],{},[20,104220,104221,104222,26489,104224,104226,104227,104229],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104223,55458],{},[15,104225,19637],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104228,102623],{}," does not.",[420,104231,1790,104233,104235],{"id":104232},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104234,102623],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104237,46316,104238,104240],{},[15,104239,102623],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104242,1821],{"id":1820},[161,104244,104245,104251,104257,104262,104266],{},[164,104246,104247],{},[394,104248,96583,104249,574],{"href":97978},[15,104250,55458],{},[164,104252,104253],{},[394,104254,96583,104255,574],{"href":97983},[15,104256,12713],{},[164,104258,104259],{},[394,104260,104261],{"href":97652},"Python set: creating a set",[164,104263,104264],{},[394,104265,100118],{"href":98560},[164,104267,104268],{},[394,104269,11213],{"href":11024},[1872,104271,104272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":104274},[104275,104276,104278,104281,104286,104287,104288,104289,104291,104300,104301,104310],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":102800,"depth":75,"text":104277},"What set.discard() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":104279},[104280],{"id":102873,"depth":95,"text":102874},{"id":102953,"depth":75,"text":104282,"children":104283},"What makes discard() different",[104284],{"id":102992,"depth":95,"text":104285},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103145,"depth":75,"text":103146},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":103516,"depth":75,"text":103517},{"id":103709,"depth":75,"text":104290},"When to use discard()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":104292},[104293,104295,104297,104299],{"id":103738,"depth":95,"text":104294},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103868,"depth":95,"text":104296},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103956,"depth":95,"text":104298},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104061,"depth":95,"text":104062},{"id":8819,"depth":75,"text":8820},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":104302},[104303,104304,104306,104308],{"id":104194,"depth":95,"text":104195},{"id":104204,"depth":95,"text":104305},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104214,"depth":95,"text":104307},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104232,"depth":95,"text":104309},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102615,"description":104311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104318,"title":104319,"body":104320,"description":106326,"extension":1921,"meta":106327,"navigation":98,"path":106328,"seo":106329,"stem":106330,"__hash__":106331},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104321,"toc":106284},[104322,104325,104333,104338,104349,104351,104406,104410,104430,104435,104439,104444,104446,104460,104462,104537,104539,104572,104577,104582,104584,104586,104601,104604,104612,104617,104632,104634,104723,104725,104814,104820,104824,104826,104864,104866,104890,104893,104908,104910,104965,104967,105000,105002,105007,105011,105015,105020,105085,105087,105107,105113,105117,105174,105176,105197,105201,105206,105251,105253,105286,105289,105293,105326,105328,105357,105361,105365,105368,105370,105389,105391,105437,105442,105456,105458,105489,105494,105497,105541,105543,105571,105575,105579,105595,105598,105663,105665,105677,105680,105684,105687,105692,105720,105722,105740,105746,105785,105787,105805,105811,105840,105842,105860,105863,105880,105882,105887,105891,105894,105920,105927,105932,105947,105956,105960,105963,105994,106000,106003,106012,106015,106017,106019,106077,106080,106105,106107,106111,106114,106118,106126,106130,106133,106137,106140,106142,106165,106167,106208,106215,106223,106226,106257,106259,106281],[10,104323,104319],{"id":104324},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104326,9071,104327,104329,104330,108],{},[15,104328,3754],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[214,104331,104332],{},"unique values only",[20,104334,35357,104335,104337],{},[15,104336,3754],{}," to:",[161,104339,104340,104343,104346],{},[164,104341,104342],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[164,104344,104345],{},"check whether a value exists",[164,104347,104348],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104350,33],{"id":32},[35,104352,104354],{"className":37,"code":104353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104355,104356,104380,104395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104357,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104359,51],{"class":50},[44,104361,55],{"class":54},[44,104363,59],{"class":58},[44,104365,63],{"class":62},[44,104367,66],{"class":58},[44,104369,69],{"class":62},[44,104371,66],{"class":58},[44,104373,69],{"class":62},[44,104375,66],{"class":58},[44,104377,2408],{"class":62},[44,104379,72],{"class":58},[44,104381,104382,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104383,104384],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104386,55],{"class":54},[44,104388,15582],{"class":1458},[44,104390,115],{"class":58},[44,104392,105],{"class":111},[44,104394,121],{"class":58},[44,104396,104397,104399,104401,104404],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104398,128],{"class":127},[44,104400,115],{"class":58},[44,104402,104403],{"class":111},"unique_numbers",[44,104405,121],{"class":58},[20,104407,104408],{},[214,104409,2028],{},[35,104411,104412],{"className":37,"code":96376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104413,104414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104417,9227],{"class":58},[44,104419,63],{"class":62},[44,104421,66],{"class":58},[44,104423,69],{"class":62},[44,104425,66],{"class":58},[44,104427,2408],{"class":62},[44,104429,9258],{"class":58},[20,104431,144,104432,104434],{},[15,104433,3754],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104436,104438],{"id":104437},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104440,104441,104443],{},[15,104442,3754],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104445,30491],{},[161,104447,104448,104451,104454,104457],{},[164,104449,104450],{},"A set stores unique items only",[164,104452,104453],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[164,104455,104456],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[164,104458,104459],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104461,2164],{},[35,104463,104465],{"className":37,"code":104464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104466,104467,104507,104522,104526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104470,13026],{"class":50},[44,104472,55],{"class":54},[44,104474,59],{"class":58},[44,104476,273],{"class":272},[44,104478,13043],{"class":276},[44,104480,273],{"class":272},[44,104482,66],{"class":58},[44,104484,284],{"class":272},[44,104486,13060],{"class":276},[44,104488,273],{"class":272},[44,104490,66],{"class":58},[44,104492,284],{"class":272},[44,104494,13043],{"class":276},[44,104496,273],{"class":272},[44,104498,66],{"class":58},[44,104500,284],{"class":272},[44,104502,17405],{"class":276},[44,104504,273],{"class":272},[44,104506,72],{"class":58},[44,104508,104509,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104510,104511],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104513,55],{"class":54},[44,104515,15582],{"class":1458},[44,104517,115],{"class":58},[44,104519,17452],{"class":111},[44,104521,121],{"class":58},[44,104523,104524],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104525,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,104527,104528,104530,104532,104535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104529,128],{"class":127},[44,104531,115],{"class":58},[44,104533,104534],{"class":111},"unique_colors",[44,104536,121],{"class":58},[20,104538,29981],{},[35,104540,104542],{"className":37,"code":104541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104543,104544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104545,104546,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104547,9227],{"class":58},[44,104549,3259],{"class":272},[44,104551,13060],{"class":276},[44,104553,3259],{"class":272},[44,104555,66],{"class":58},[44,104557,3254],{"class":272},[44,104559,17405],{"class":276},[44,104561,3259],{"class":272},[44,104563,66],{"class":58},[44,104565,3254],{"class":272},[44,104567,13043],{"class":276},[44,104569,3259],{"class":272},[44,104571,9258],{"class":58},[20,104573,2242,104574,104576],{},[15,104575,65158],{}," appears only once.",[20,104578,104579,104580,108],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[394,104581,96097],{"href":96096},[30,104583,188],{"id":187},[20,104585,2116],{},[35,104587,104589],{"className":37,"code":104588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104590,104591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104592,104593,104595,104597,104599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104594,236],{"class":1458},[44,104596,115],{"class":58},[44,104598,207],{"class":111},[44,104600,121],{"class":58},[20,104602,104603],{},"The argument is optional.",[161,104605,104606,104609],{},[164,104607,104608],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[164,104610,104611],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104613,104614,104615,159],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104616,3754],{},[161,104618,104619,104621,104623,104625,104629],{},[164,104620,226],{},[164,104622,231],{},[164,104624,241],{},[164,104626,104627],{},[15,104628,36149],{},[164,104630,104631],{},"another set",[20,104633,2083],{},[35,104635,104637],{"className":37,"code":104636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104638,104639,104665,104687,104705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104640,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104642,128],{"class":127},[44,104644,115],{"class":58},[44,104646,236],{"class":1458},[44,104648,457],{"class":58},[44,104650,63],{"class":62},[44,104652,66],{"class":58},[44,104654,69],{"class":62},[44,104656,66],{"class":58},[44,104658,69],{"class":62},[44,104660,66],{"class":58},[44,104662,2408],{"class":62},[44,104664,2957],{"class":58},[44,104666,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104668,128],{"class":127},[44,104670,115],{"class":58},[44,104672,236],{"class":1458},[44,104674,628],{"class":58},[44,104676,2287],{"class":62},[44,104678,66],{"class":58},[44,104680,7738],{"class":62},[44,104682,66],{"class":58},[44,104684,5956],{"class":62},[44,104686,2871],{"class":58},[44,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104690,128],{"class":127},[44,104692,115],{"class":58},[44,104694,236],{"class":1458},[44,104696,115],{"class":58},[44,104698,273],{"class":272},[44,104700,1262],{"class":276},[44,104702,273],{"class":272},[44,104704,637],{"class":58},[44,104706,104707,104709,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104708,128],{"class":127},[44,104710,115],{"class":58},[44,104712,236],{"class":1458},[44,104714,115],{"class":58},[44,104716,246],{"class":127},[44,104718,115],{"class":58},[44,104720,2461],{"class":62},[44,104722,2871],{"class":58},[20,104724,29981],{},[35,104726,104728],{"className":37,"code":104727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104729,104730,104746,104758,104794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104731,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104733,9227],{"class":58},[44,104735,63],{"class":62},[44,104737,66],{"class":58},[44,104739,69],{"class":62},[44,104741,66],{"class":58},[44,104743,2408],{"class":62},[44,104745,9258],{"class":58},[44,104747,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104749,9227],{"class":58},[44,104751,2287],{"class":62},[44,104753,66],{"class":58},[44,104755,7738],{"class":62},[44,104757,9258],{"class":58},[44,104759,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104761,9227],{"class":58},[44,104763,3259],{"class":272},[44,104765,60361],{"class":276},[44,104767,3259],{"class":272},[44,104769,66],{"class":58},[44,104771,3254],{"class":272},[44,104773,60370],{"class":276},[44,104775,3259],{"class":272},[44,104777,66],{"class":58},[44,104779,3254],{"class":272},[44,104781,60379],{"class":276},[44,104783,3259],{"class":272},[44,104785,66],{"class":58},[44,104787,3254],{"class":272},[44,104789,60396],{"class":276},[44,104791,3259],{"class":272},[44,104793,9258],{"class":58},[44,104795,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104797,9227],{"class":58},[44,104799,746],{"class":62},[44,104801,66],{"class":58},[44,104803,5450],{"class":62},[44,104805,66],{"class":58},[44,104807,69],{"class":62},[44,104809,66],{"class":58},[44,104811,2408],{"class":62},[44,104813,9258],{"class":58},[20,104815,104816,104817,108],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[394,104818,104819],{"href":64613},"Python list() function explained",[30,104821,104823],{"id":104822},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104825,98049],{},[35,104827,104828],{"className":37,"code":99014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104829,104830,104840,104850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104831,104832,104834,104836,104838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104833,98059],{"class":50},[44,104835,55],{"class":54},[44,104837,15582],{"class":1458},[44,104839,8590],{"class":58},[44,104841,104842,104844,104846,104848],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104843,128],{"class":127},[44,104845,115],{"class":58},[44,104847,98078],{"class":111},[44,104849,121],{"class":58},[44,104851,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104853,128],{"class":127},[44,104855,115],{"class":58},[44,104857,1459],{"class":1458},[44,104859,115],{"class":58},[44,104861,98078],{"class":111},[44,104863,637],{"class":58},[20,104865,2028],{},[35,104867,104868],{"className":37,"code":99057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104869,104870,104876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104871,104872,104874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104873,236],{"class":1458},[44,104875,8590],{"class":58},[44,104877,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104879,3248],{"class":54},[44,104881,3251],{"class":2022},[44,104883,3254],{"class":272},[44,104885,236],{"class":276},[44,104887,3259],{"class":272},[44,104889,3262],{"class":54},[20,104891,104892],{},"This is important because:",[161,104894,104895,104900],{},[164,104896,104897,104899],{},[15,104898,3754],{}," creates an empty set",[164,104901,104902,104904,104905,104907],{},[15,104903,3749],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[214,104906,4583],{}," a set",[20,104909,2164],{},[35,104911,104913],{"className":37,"code":104912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104914,104915,104925,104933,104937,104951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104918,2511],{"class":50},[44,104920,55],{"class":54},[44,104922,15582],{"class":1458},[44,104924,8590],{"class":58},[44,104926,104927,104929,104931],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104928,2539],{"class":50},[44,104930,55],{"class":54},[44,104932,9788],{"class":58},[44,104934,104935],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,104936,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,104938,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104940,128],{"class":127},[44,104942,115],{"class":58},[44,104944,1459],{"class":1458},[44,104946,115],{"class":58},[44,104948,394],{"class":111},[44,104950,637],{"class":58},[44,104952,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,104954,128],{"class":127},[44,104956,115],{"class":58},[44,104958,1459],{"class":1458},[44,104960,115],{"class":58},[44,104962,4714],{"class":111},[44,104964,637],{"class":58},[20,104966,2028],{},[35,104968,104970],{"className":37,"code":104969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104971,104972,104986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104973,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104975,3248],{"class":54},[44,104977,3251],{"class":2022},[44,104979,3254],{"class":272},[44,104981,236],{"class":276},[44,104983,3259],{"class":272},[44,104985,3262],{"class":54},[44,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,104989,3248],{"class":54},[44,104991,3251],{"class":2022},[44,104993,3254],{"class":272},[44,104995,8769],{"class":276},[44,104997,3259],{"class":272},[44,104999,3262],{"class":54},[20,105001,13997],{},[20,105003,105004,105005,108],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[394,105006,104261],{"href":96100},[30,105008,105010],{"id":105009},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[420,105012,105014],{"id":105013},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105016,105017,105018,108],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105019,3754],{},[35,105021,105023],{"className":37,"code":105022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105024,105025,105057,105071,105075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105026,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105028,51],{"class":50},[44,105030,55],{"class":54},[44,105032,59],{"class":58},[44,105034,63],{"class":62},[44,105036,66],{"class":58},[44,105038,69],{"class":62},[44,105040,66],{"class":58},[44,105042,69],{"class":62},[44,105044,66],{"class":58},[44,105046,2408],{"class":62},[44,105048,66],{"class":58},[44,105050,2408],{"class":62},[44,105052,66],{"class":58},[44,105054,2408],{"class":62},[44,105056,72],{"class":58},[44,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105060,911],{"class":50},[44,105062,55],{"class":54},[44,105064,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105066,115],{"class":58},[44,105068,105],{"class":111},[44,105070,121],{"class":58},[44,105072,105073],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,105074,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,105076,105077,105079,105081,105083],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105078,128],{"class":127},[44,105080,115],{"class":58},[44,105082,943],{"class":111},[44,105084,121],{"class":58},[20,105086,2028],{},[35,105088,105089],{"className":37,"code":96376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105090,105091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105094,9227],{"class":58},[44,105096,63],{"class":62},[44,105098,66],{"class":58},[44,105100,69],{"class":62},[44,105102,66],{"class":58},[44,105104,2408],{"class":62},[44,105106,9258],{"class":58},[20,105108,105109,105110,108],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[394,105111,98847],{"href":105112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[420,105114,105116],{"id":105115},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105118,105120],{"className":37,"code":105119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105121,105122,105146,105160,105164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105123,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105125,604],{"class":50},[44,105127,55],{"class":54},[44,105129,9185],{"class":58},[44,105131,1410],{"class":62},[44,105133,66],{"class":58},[44,105135,4557],{"class":62},[44,105137,66],{"class":58},[44,105139,5956],{"class":62},[44,105141,66],{"class":58},[44,105143,37887],{"class":62},[44,105145,121],{"class":58},[44,105147,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105149,911],{"class":50},[44,105151,55],{"class":54},[44,105153,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105155,115],{"class":58},[44,105157,621],{"class":111},[44,105159,121],{"class":58},[44,105161,105162],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,105163,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105167,128],{"class":127},[44,105169,115],{"class":58},[44,105171,943],{"class":111},[44,105173,121],{"class":58},[20,105175,2028],{},[35,105177,105179],{"className":37,"code":105178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105180,105181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105184,9227],{"class":58},[44,105186,1410],{"class":62},[44,105188,66],{"class":58},[44,105190,5956],{"class":62},[44,105192,66],{"class":58},[44,105194,37887],{"class":62},[44,105196,9258],{"class":58},[420,105198,105200],{"id":105199},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105202,51077,105203,105205],{},[15,105204,3754],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105207,105209],{"className":37,"code":105208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105210,105211,105223,105237,105241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105214,34638],{"class":50},[44,105216,55],{"class":54},[44,105218,284],{"class":272},[44,105220,287],{"class":276},[44,105222,3318],{"class":272},[44,105224,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105226,911],{"class":50},[44,105228,55],{"class":54},[44,105230,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105232,115],{"class":58},[44,105234,34659],{"class":111},[44,105236,121],{"class":58},[44,105238,105239],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,105240,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,105242,105243,105245,105247,105249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105244,128],{"class":127},[44,105246,115],{"class":58},[44,105248,943],{"class":111},[44,105250,121],{"class":58},[20,105252,29981],{},[35,105254,105256],{"className":37,"code":105255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105257,105258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105259,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105261,9227],{"class":58},[44,105263,3259],{"class":272},[44,105265,4714],{"class":276},[44,105267,3259],{"class":272},[44,105269,66],{"class":58},[44,105271,3254],{"class":272},[44,105273,394],{"class":276},[44,105275,3259],{"class":272},[44,105277,66],{"class":58},[44,105279,3254],{"class":272},[44,105281,75796],{"class":276},[44,105283,3259],{"class":272},[44,105285,9258],{"class":58},[20,105287,105288],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[420,105290,105292],{"id":105291},"from-range","From range()",[35,105294,105296],{"className":37,"code":105295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105297,105298,105316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105299,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312,105314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105301,911],{"class":50},[44,105303,55],{"class":54},[44,105305,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105307,115],{"class":58},[44,105309,246],{"class":127},[44,105311,115],{"class":58},[44,105313,1410],{"class":62},[44,105315,637],{"class":58},[44,105317,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105319,128],{"class":127},[44,105321,115],{"class":58},[44,105323,943],{"class":111},[44,105325,121],{"class":58},[20,105327,2028],{},[35,105329,105331],{"className":37,"code":105330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105332,105333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105334,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105336,9227],{"class":58},[44,105338,746],{"class":62},[44,105340,66],{"class":58},[44,105342,5450],{"class":62},[44,105344,66],{"class":58},[44,105346,69],{"class":62},[44,105348,66],{"class":58},[44,105350,2408],{"class":62},[44,105352,66],{"class":58},[44,105354,90],{"class":62},[44,105356,9258],{"class":58},[30,105358,105360],{"id":105359},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105362,99294,105363,108],{},[214,105364,96140],{},[20,105366,105367],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105369,99300],{},[161,105371,105372,105376,105380,105384],{},[164,105373,105374],{},[15,105375,2145],{},[164,105377,105378],{},[15,105379,3403],{},[164,105381,105382],{},[15,105383,2148],{},[164,105385,105386,105388],{},[15,105387,231],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105390,2164],{},[35,105392,105394],{"className":37,"code":105393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105395,105396,105427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105397,105398,105400,105402,105404,105406,105408,105410,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105399,818],{"class":50},[44,105401,55],{"class":54},[44,105403,10441],{"class":58},[44,105405,63],{"class":62},[44,105407,66],{"class":58},[44,105409,284],{"class":272},[44,105411,1262],{"class":276},[44,105413,273],{"class":272},[44,105415,66],{"class":58},[44,105417,9185],{"class":58},[44,105419,2287],{"class":62},[44,105421,66],{"class":58},[44,105423,7738],{"class":62},[44,105425,105426],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105430,128],{"class":127},[44,105432,115],{"class":58},[44,105434,835],{"class":111},[44,105436,121],{"class":58},[20,105438,99362,105439,105441],{},[214,105440,4583],{}," work inside a set:",[161,105443,105444,105448,105452],{},[164,105445,105446],{},[15,105447,226],{},[164,105449,105450],{},[15,105451,8769],{},[164,105453,105454],{},[15,105455,236],{},[20,105457,96865],{},[35,105459,105461],{"className":37,"code":105460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105462,105463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105464,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105466,99381],{"class":50},[44,105468,55],{"class":54},[44,105470,99386],{"class":58},[44,105472,63],{"class":62},[44,105474,66],{"class":58},[44,105476,69],{"class":62},[44,105478,18012],{"class":58},[44,105480,59],{"class":58},[44,105482,85],{"class":62},[44,105484,66],{"class":58},[44,105486,90],{"class":62},[44,105488,13654],{"class":58},[20,105490,76624,105491,105493],{},[15,105492,1424],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105495,105496],{},"A safer example:",[35,105498,105500],{"className":37,"code":105499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105501,105502,105530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105503,105504,105507,105509,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526,105528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105505,105506],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105508,55],{"class":54},[44,105510,105511],{"class":58}," {(",[44,105513,63],{"class":62},[44,105515,66],{"class":58},[44,105517,69],{"class":62},[44,105519,9182],{"class":58},[44,105521,9185],{"class":58},[44,105523,85],{"class":62},[44,105525,66],{"class":58},[44,105527,90],{"class":62},[44,105529,105426],{"class":58},[44,105531,105532,105534,105536,105539],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105533,128],{"class":127},[44,105535,115],{"class":58},[44,105537,105538],{"class":111},"good_set",[44,105540,121],{"class":58},[20,105542,2028],{},[35,105544,105546],{"className":37,"code":105545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105547,105548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105549,105550,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105551,105552],{"class":58},"{(",[44,105554,63],{"class":62},[44,105556,66],{"class":58},[44,105558,69],{"class":62},[44,105560,9182],{"class":58},[44,105562,9185],{"class":58},[44,105564,85],{"class":62},[44,105566,66],{"class":58},[44,105568,90],{"class":62},[44,105570,105426],{"class":58},[30,105572,105574],{"id":105573},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105576,144,105577,10551],{},[15,105578,3754],{},[161,105580,105581,105584,105589,105592],{},[164,105582,105583],{},"you need unique values only",[164,105585,105586,105587],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105588,3839],{},[164,105590,105591],{},"order does not matter",[164,105593,105594],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105596,105597],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105599,105601],{"className":37,"code":105600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105602,105603,105628,105632,105648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105604,105605,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616,105618,105621,105623,105626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105606,105607],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105609,55],{"class":54},[44,105611,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105613,457],{"class":58},[44,105615,46543],{"class":62},[44,105617,66],{"class":58},[44,105619,105620],{"class":62}," 102",[44,105622,66],{"class":58},[44,105624,105625],{"class":62}," 103",[44,105627,466],{"class":58},[44,105629,105630],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105631,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,105633,105634,105636,105638,105641,105643,105646],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,105635,128],{"class":127},[44,105637,115],{"class":58},[44,105639,105640],{"class":62},"102",[44,105642,21124],{"class":3832},[44,105644,105645],{"class":111}," allowed_ids",[44,105647,121],{"class":58},[44,105649,105650,105652,105654,105657,105659,105661],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105651,128],{"class":127},[44,105653,115],{"class":58},[44,105655,105656],{"class":62},"999",[44,105658,21124],{"class":3832},[44,105660,105645],{"class":111},[44,105662,121],{"class":58},[20,105664,2028],{},[35,105666,105667],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105668,105669,105673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105670,105671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105672,3936],{"class":1582},[44,105674,105675],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105676,3997],{"class":1582},[20,105678,105679],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105681,105683],{"id":105682},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105685,105686],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[420,105688,144,105690,97991],{"id":105689},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105691,3754],{},[35,105693,105694],{"className":37,"code":98052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105695,105696,105706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105697,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105699,98059],{"class":50},[44,105701,55],{"class":54},[44,105703,15582],{"class":1458},[44,105705,8590],{"class":58},[44,105707,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105709,128],{"class":127},[44,105711,115],{"class":58},[44,105713,1459],{"class":1458},[44,105715,115],{"class":58},[44,105717,98078],{"class":111},[44,105719,637],{"class":58},[20,105721,2028],{},[35,105723,105724],{"className":37,"code":8800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105725,105726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105727,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105729,3248],{"class":54},[44,105731,3251],{"class":2022},[44,105733,3254],{"class":272},[44,105735,236],{"class":276},[44,105737,3259],{"class":272},[44,105739,3262],{"class":54},[420,105741,144,105743,105745],{"id":105742},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105744,100051],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105747,105749],{"className":37,"code":105748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105750,105751,105771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105752,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105754,51],{"class":50},[44,105756,55],{"class":54},[44,105758,10441],{"class":58},[44,105760,63],{"class":62},[44,105762,66],{"class":58},[44,105764,69],{"class":62},[44,105766,66],{"class":58},[44,105768,2408],{"class":62},[44,105770,9258],{"class":58},[44,105772,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105774,128],{"class":127},[44,105776,115],{"class":58},[44,105778,1459],{"class":1458},[44,105780,115],{"class":58},[44,105782,105],{"class":111},[44,105784,637],{"class":58},[20,105786,2028],{},[35,105788,105789],{"className":37,"code":8800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105790,105791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105792,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105794,3248],{"class":54},[44,105796,3251],{"class":2022},[44,105798,3254],{"class":272},[44,105800,236],{"class":276},[44,105802,3259],{"class":272},[44,105804,3262],{"class":54},[420,105806,144,105808,105810],{"id":105807},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105809,3749],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105812,105814],{"className":37,"code":105813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105815,105816,105825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105817,105818,105821,105823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105819,105820],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105822,55],{"class":54},[44,105824,9788],{"class":58},[44,105826,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105838],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105828,128],{"class":127},[44,105830,115],{"class":58},[44,105832,1459],{"class":1458},[44,105834,115],{"class":58},[44,105836,105837],{"class":111},"empty_dict",[44,105839,637],{"class":58},[20,105841,2028],{},[35,105843,105844],{"className":37,"code":8756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105845,105846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105847,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105849,3248],{"class":54},[44,105851,3251],{"class":2022},[44,105853,3254],{"class":272},[44,105855,8769],{"class":276},[44,105857,3259],{"class":272},[44,105859,3262],{"class":54},[20,105861,105862],{},"So the rule is simple:",[161,105864,105865,105870,105875],{},[164,105866,105867,105869],{},[15,105868,3754],{}," → empty set",[164,105871,105872,105874],{},[15,105873,100051],{}," → non-empty set",[164,105876,105877,105879],{},[15,105878,3749],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,105881,2788],{"id":2787},[20,105883,105884,105885,108],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105886,3754],{},[420,105888,582,105889,99649],{"id":99646},[15,105890,3749],{},[20,105892,105893],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105895,105896],{"className":37,"code":99655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105897,105898,105906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105899,105900,105902,105904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105901,2403],{"class":50},[44,105903,55],{"class":54},[44,105905,9788],{"class":58},[44,105907,105908,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,105909,128],{"class":127},[44,105911,115],{"class":58},[44,105913,1459],{"class":1458},[44,105915,115],{"class":58},[44,105917,2429],{"class":111},[44,105919,637],{"class":58},[420,105921,105923,105924],{"id":105922},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105925,105926],{},"set(5)",[20,105928,105929,105931],{},[15,105930,3754],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105933,105935],{"className":37,"code":105934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105936,105937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105938,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105940,236],{"class":1458},[44,105942,115],{"class":58},[44,105944,1410],{"class":62},[44,105946,121],{"class":58},[20,105948,2960,105949,105951,105952,108],{},[15,105950,1424],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[394,105953,105955],{"href":105954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[420,105957,105959],{"id":105958},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105961,105962],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105964,105966],{"className":37,"code":105965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105967,105968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105969,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105971,2403],{"class":50},[44,105973,55],{"class":54},[44,105975,99386],{"class":58},[44,105977,63],{"class":62},[44,105979,66],{"class":58},[44,105981,69],{"class":62},[44,105983,18012],{"class":58},[44,105985,59],{"class":58},[44,105987,85],{"class":62},[44,105989,66],{"class":58},[44,105991,90],{"class":62},[44,105993,13654],{"class":58},[420,105995,8399,105997,105999],{"id":105996},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105998,3754],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106001,106002],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[420,106004,37154,106006,8652,106008,2837,106010],{"id":106005},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106007,3754],{},[15,106009,24731],{},[15,106011,9068],{},[20,106013,106014],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,106016,60632],{"id":60631},[20,106018,11063],{},[35,106020,106022],{"className":37,"code":106021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106023,106024,106039,106049,106063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106025,106026,106028,106030,106032,106034,106037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106027,128],{"class":127},[44,106029,115],{"class":58},[44,106031,1459],{"class":1458},[44,106033,115],{"class":58},[44,106035,106036],{"class":111},"my_value",[44,106038,637],{"class":58},[44,106040,106041,106043,106045,106047],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106042,128],{"class":127},[44,106044,115],{"class":58},[44,106046,106036],{"class":111},[44,106048,121],{"class":58},[44,106050,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,106052,128],{"class":127},[44,106054,115],{"class":58},[44,106056,226],{"class":1458},[44,106058,115],{"class":58},[44,106060,15615],{"class":111},[44,106062,637],{"class":58},[44,106064,106065,106067,106069,106071,106073,106075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106066,128],{"class":127},[44,106068,115],{"class":58},[44,106070,11112],{"class":127},[44,106072,115],{"class":58},[44,106074,15615],{"class":111},[44,106076,637],{"class":58},[20,106078,106079],{},"What they help you see:",[161,106081,106082,106088,106093,106099],{},[164,106083,106084,106087],{},[15,106085,106086],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[164,106089,106090,90315],{},[15,106091,106092],{},"print(my_value)",[164,106094,106095,106098],{},[15,106096,106097],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[164,106100,106101,106104],{},[15,106102,106103],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,106106,1757],{"id":1756},[420,106108,106110],{"id":106109},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106112,106113],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[420,106115,106117],{"id":106116},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106119,144,106120,106122,106123,106125],{},[15,106121,3754],{},". Do not use ",[15,106124,3749],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[420,106127,106129],{"id":106128},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106131,106132],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[420,106134,106136],{"id":106135},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106138,106139],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106141,2164],{},[35,106143,106145],{"className":37,"code":106144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106146,106147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106148,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106150,128],{"class":127},[44,106152,115],{"class":58},[44,106154,236],{"class":1458},[44,106156,115],{"class":58},[44,106158,273],{"class":272},[44,106160,277],{"class":276},[44,106162,273],{"class":272},[44,106164,637],{"class":58},[20,106166,29981],{},[35,106168,106170],{"className":37,"code":106169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106171,106172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106173,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106175,9227],{"class":58},[44,106177,3259],{"class":272},[44,106179,394],{"class":276},[44,106181,3259],{"class":272},[44,106183,66],{"class":58},[44,106185,3254],{"class":272},[44,106187,20],{"class":276},[44,106189,3259],{"class":272},[44,106191,66],{"class":58},[44,106193,3254],{"class":272},[44,106195,60379],{"class":276},[44,106197,3259],{"class":272},[44,106199,66],{"class":58},[44,106201,3254],{"class":272},[44,106203,60370],{"class":276},[44,106205,3259],{"class":272},[44,106207,9258],{"class":58},[420,106209,5112,106211,106214],{"id":106210},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106212,106213],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106216,106217,28636,106219,106222],{},[15,106218,3754],{},[214,106220,106221],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106224,106225],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106227,106229],{"className":37,"code":106228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106230,106231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106232,106233,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106234,128],{"class":127},[44,106236,115],{"class":58},[44,106238,236],{"class":1458},[44,106240,457],{"class":58},[44,106242,63],{"class":62},[44,106244,66],{"class":58},[44,106246,69],{"class":62},[44,106248,66],{"class":58},[44,106250,2408],{"class":62},[44,106252,66],{"class":58},[44,106254,90],{"class":62},[44,106256,2957],{"class":58},[30,106258,1821],{"id":1820},[161,106260,106261,106265,106269,106273,106277],{},[164,106262,106263],{},[394,106264,96097],{"href":96096},[164,106266,106267],{},[394,106268,104261],{"href":96100},[164,106270,106271],{},[394,106272,100113],{"href":105112},[164,106274,106275],{},[394,106276,104819],{"href":64613},[164,106278,106279],{},[394,106280,105955],{"href":105954},[1872,106282,106283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":106285},[106286,106287,106288,106289,106290,106296,106297,106298,106306,106316,106317,106325],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":104437,"depth":75,"text":104438},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":104822,"depth":75,"text":104823},{"id":105009,"depth":75,"text":105010,"children":106291},[106292,106293,106294,106295],{"id":105013,"depth":95,"text":105014},{"id":105115,"depth":95,"text":105116},{"id":105199,"depth":95,"text":105200},{"id":105291,"depth":95,"text":105292},{"id":105359,"depth":75,"text":105360},{"id":105573,"depth":75,"text":105574},{"id":105682,"depth":75,"text":105683,"children":106299},[106300,106302,106304],{"id":105689,"depth":95,"text":106301},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105742,"depth":95,"text":106303},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105807,"depth":95,"text":106305},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":106307},[106308,106309,106311,106312,106314],{"id":99646,"depth":95,"text":100154},{"id":105922,"depth":95,"text":106310},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105958,"depth":95,"text":105959},{"id":105996,"depth":95,"text":106313},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106005,"depth":95,"text":106315},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60631,"depth":75,"text":60632},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":106318},[106319,106320,106321,106322,106323],{"id":106109,"depth":95,"text":106110},{"id":106116,"depth":95,"text":106117},{"id":106128,"depth":95,"text":106129},{"id":106135,"depth":95,"text":106136},{"id":106210,"depth":95,"text":106324},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104319,"description":106326},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106333,"title":106334,"body":106335,"description":107850,"extension":1921,"meta":107851,"navigation":98,"path":107852,"seo":107853,"stem":107854,"__hash__":107855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106336,"toc":107826},[106337,106343,106348,106351,106434,106439,106444,106449,106451,106464,106468,106470,106489,106492,106515,106518,106529,106531,106612,106614,106631,106633,106639,106642,106737,106739,106770,106772,106780,106782,106785,106896,106898,106923,106925,106947,106952,106957,106963,107072,107074,107090,107093,107096,107179,107181,107198,107206,107208,107212,107218,107309,107311,107344,107349,107356,107433,107435,107452,107458,107460,107464,107480,107483,107509,107511,107572,107574,107697,107699,107750,107756,107758,107763,107765,107771,107774,107778,107781,107785,107788,107798,107800,107823],[10,106338,3536,106340,18],{"id":106339},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106341,106342],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106344,1938,106345,106347],{},[15,106346,106342],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106349,106350],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106352,106354],{"className":37,"code":106353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106355,106356,106376,106396,106400,106419,106429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106357,106358,106360,106362,106364,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106359,2511],{"class":50},[44,106361,55],{"class":54},[44,106363,10441],{"class":58},[44,106365,63],{"class":62},[44,106367,66],{"class":58},[44,106369,69],{"class":62},[44,106371,66],{"class":58},[44,106373,2408],{"class":62},[44,106375,9258],{"class":58},[44,106377,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106379,2539],{"class":50},[44,106381,55],{"class":54},[44,106383,10441],{"class":58},[44,106385,801],{"class":62},[44,106387,66],{"class":58},[44,106389,2408],{"class":62},[44,106391,66],{"class":58},[44,106393,90],{"class":62},[44,106395,9258],{"class":58},[44,106397,106398],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,106399,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106401,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106413,106415,106417],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106403,911],{"class":50},[44,106405,55],{"class":54},[44,106407,56813],{"class":50},[44,106409,108],{"class":58},[44,106411,106412],{"class":111},"intersection",[44,106414,115],{"class":58},[44,106416,4714],{"class":111},[44,106418,121],{"class":58},[44,106420,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,106422,128],{"class":127},[44,106424,115],{"class":58},[44,106426,943],{"class":111},[44,106428,121],{"class":58},[44,106430,106431],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,106432,106433],{"class":140},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106435,144,106436,106438],{},[15,106437,102560],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106440,12946,106442,12949],{"id":106441},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106443,102560],{},[20,106445,106446,106448],{},[15,106447,102560],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106450,13002],{},[161,106452,106453,106456,106458,106461],{},[164,106454,106455],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[164,106457,100330],{},[164,106459,106460],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[164,106462,106463],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106465,96093,106466,108],{},[394,106467,96097],{"href":96096},[30,106469,188],{"id":187},[35,106471,106473],{"className":37,"code":106472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106474,106475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106476,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106478,100354],{"class":50},[44,106480,108],{"class":58},[44,106482,106412],{"class":111},[44,106484,115],{"class":58},[44,106486,100363],{"class":111},[44,106488,121],{"class":58},[20,106490,106491],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106493,106495],{"className":37,"code":106494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106496,106497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106498,106499,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106500,100354],{"class":50},[44,106502,108],{"class":58},[44,106504,106412],{"class":111},[44,106506,115],{"class":58},[44,106508,100363],{"class":111},[44,106510,66],{"class":58},[44,106512,100390],{"class":111},[44,106514,121],{"class":58},[20,106516,106517],{},"Important notes:",[161,106519,106520,106523,106526],{},[164,106521,106522],{},"The result is always a new set",[164,106524,106525],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[164,106527,106528],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106530,2164],{},[35,106532,106534],{"className":37,"code":106533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106535,106536,106560,106580,106584,106602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106539,2511],{"class":50},[44,106541,55],{"class":54},[44,106543,10441],{"class":58},[44,106545,63],{"class":62},[44,106547,66],{"class":58},[44,106549,69],{"class":62},[44,106551,66],{"class":58},[44,106553,2408],{"class":62},[44,106555,66],{"class":58},[44,106557,90],{"class":62},[44,106559,9258],{"class":58},[44,106561,106562,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106563,2539],{"class":50},[44,106565,55],{"class":54},[44,106567,10441],{"class":58},[44,106569,85],{"class":62},[44,106571,66],{"class":58},[44,106573,90],{"class":62},[44,106575,66],{"class":58},[44,106577,4557],{"class":62},[44,106579,9258],{"class":58},[44,106581,106582],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,106583,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106587,911],{"class":50},[44,106589,55],{"class":54},[44,106591,56813],{"class":50},[44,106593,108],{"class":58},[44,106595,106412],{"class":111},[44,106597,115],{"class":58},[44,106599,4714],{"class":111},[44,106601,121],{"class":58},[44,106603,106604,106606,106608,106610],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,106605,128],{"class":127},[44,106607,115],{"class":58},[44,106609,943],{"class":111},[44,106611,121],{"class":58},[20,106613,2028],{},[35,106615,106617],{"className":37,"code":106616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106618,106619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106620,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106622,9227],{"class":58},[44,106624,85],{"class":62},[44,106626,66],{"class":58},[44,106628,90],{"class":62},[44,106630,9258],{"class":58},[30,106632,17368],{"id":17367},[20,106634,106635,21926,106637,108],{},[15,106636,102560],{},[214,106638,236],{},[20,106640,106641],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106643,106645],{"className":37,"code":106644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106646,106647,106667,106687,106691,106709,106713,106723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106648,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106650,2511],{"class":50},[44,106652,55],{"class":54},[44,106654,10441],{"class":58},[44,106656,63],{"class":62},[44,106658,66],{"class":58},[44,106660,69],{"class":62},[44,106662,66],{"class":58},[44,106664,2408],{"class":62},[44,106666,9258],{"class":58},[44,106668,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106670,2539],{"class":50},[44,106672,55],{"class":54},[44,106674,10441],{"class":58},[44,106676,801],{"class":62},[44,106678,66],{"class":58},[44,106680,2408],{"class":62},[44,106682,66],{"class":58},[44,106684,90],{"class":62},[44,106686,9258],{"class":58},[44,106688,106689],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,106690,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106694,911],{"class":50},[44,106696,55],{"class":54},[44,106698,56813],{"class":50},[44,106700,108],{"class":58},[44,106702,106412],{"class":111},[44,106704,115],{"class":58},[44,106706,4714],{"class":111},[44,106708,121],{"class":58},[44,106710,106711],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,106712,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106714,106715,106717,106719,106721],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,106716,128],{"class":127},[44,106718,115],{"class":58},[44,106720,943],{"class":111},[44,106722,121],{"class":58},[44,106724,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,106726,128],{"class":127},[44,106728,115],{"class":58},[44,106730,1459],{"class":1458},[44,106732,115],{"class":58},[44,106734,943],{"class":111},[44,106736,637],{"class":58},[20,106738,2028],{},[35,106740,106742],{"className":37,"code":106741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106743,106744,106756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106745,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106747,9227],{"class":58},[44,106749,801],{"class":62},[44,106751,66],{"class":58},[44,106753,2408],{"class":62},[44,106755,9258],{"class":58},[44,106757,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106759,3248],{"class":54},[44,106761,3251],{"class":2022},[44,106763,3254],{"class":272},[44,106765,236],{"class":276},[44,106767,3259],{"class":272},[44,106769,3262],{"class":54},[20,106771,85578],{},[161,106773,106774,106777],{},[164,106775,106776],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[164,106778,106779],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106781,11425],{"id":11424},[20,106783,106784],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106786,106788],{"className":37,"code":106787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106789,106790,106823,106856,106860,106881,106885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106791,106792,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106793,106794],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106796,55],{"class":54},[44,106798,10441],{"class":58},[44,106800,273],{"class":272},[44,106802,13043],{"class":276},[44,106804,273],{"class":272},[44,106806,66],{"class":58},[44,106808,284],{"class":272},[44,106810,13060],{"class":276},[44,106812,273],{"class":272},[44,106814,66],{"class":58},[44,106816,284],{"class":272},[44,106818,17405],{"class":276},[44,106820,273],{"class":272},[44,106822,9258],{"class":58},[44,106824,106825,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106826,106827],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106829,55],{"class":54},[44,106831,10441],{"class":58},[44,106833,273],{"class":272},[44,106835,17405],{"class":276},[44,106837,273],{"class":272},[44,106839,66],{"class":58},[44,106841,284],{"class":272},[44,106843,22475],{"class":276},[44,106845,273],{"class":272},[44,106847,66],{"class":58},[44,106849,284],{"class":272},[44,106851,13060],{"class":276},[44,106853,273],{"class":272},[44,106855,9258],{"class":58},[44,106857,106858],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,106859,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106861,106862,106865,106867,106870,106872,106874,106876,106879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106863,106864],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106866,55],{"class":54},[44,106868,106869],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106871,108],{"class":58},[44,106873,106412],{"class":111},[44,106875,115],{"class":58},[44,106877,106878],{"class":111},"colors2",[44,106880,121],{"class":58},[44,106882,106883],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,106884,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,106886,106887,106889,106891,106894],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,106888,128],{"class":127},[44,106890,115],{"class":58},[44,106892,106893],{"class":111},"common_colors",[44,106895,121],{"class":58},[20,106897,2028],{},[35,106899,106901],{"className":37,"code":106900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106902,106903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106904,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106906,9227],{"class":58},[44,106908,3259],{"class":272},[44,106910,13060],{"class":276},[44,106912,3259],{"class":272},[44,106914,66],{"class":58},[44,106916,3254],{"class":272},[44,106918,17405],{"class":276},[44,106920,3259],{"class":272},[44,106922,9258],{"class":58},[20,106924,361],{},[161,106926,106927,106933,106937,106942],{},[164,106928,106929,106932],{},[15,106930,106931],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[164,106934,106935,106932],{},[15,106936,106878],{},[164,106938,106939,106941],{},[15,106940,102560],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[164,106943,106944,106945],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106946,106893],{},[30,106948,582,106950,100927],{"id":106949},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106951,102560],{},[20,106953,106954,106955,108],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106956,102560],{},[20,106958,106959,106960,106962],{},"Only the values found in ",[214,106961,3674],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106964,106966],{"className":37,"code":106965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106967,106968,106992,107016,107036,107040,107062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106971,2511],{"class":50},[44,106973,55],{"class":54},[44,106975,10441],{"class":58},[44,106977,63],{"class":62},[44,106979,66],{"class":58},[44,106981,69],{"class":62},[44,106983,66],{"class":58},[44,106985,2408],{"class":62},[44,106987,66],{"class":58},[44,106989,90],{"class":62},[44,106991,9258],{"class":58},[44,106993,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,106995,2539],{"class":50},[44,106997,55],{"class":54},[44,106999,10441],{"class":58},[44,107001,801],{"class":62},[44,107003,66],{"class":58},[44,107005,2408],{"class":62},[44,107007,66],{"class":58},[44,107009,90],{"class":62},[44,107011,66],{"class":58},[44,107013,4557],{"class":62},[44,107015,9258],{"class":58},[44,107017,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107019,82952],{"class":50},[44,107021,55],{"class":54},[44,107023,10441],{"class":58},[44,107025,85],{"class":62},[44,107027,66],{"class":58},[44,107029,90],{"class":62},[44,107031,66],{"class":58},[44,107033,37594],{"class":62},[44,107035,9258],{"class":58},[44,107037,107038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107039,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107041,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,107043,911],{"class":50},[44,107045,55],{"class":54},[44,107047,56813],{"class":50},[44,107049,108],{"class":58},[44,107051,106412],{"class":111},[44,107053,115],{"class":58},[44,107055,4714],{"class":111},[44,107057,66],{"class":58},[44,107059,9631],{"class":111},[44,107061,121],{"class":58},[44,107063,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,107065,128],{"class":127},[44,107067,115],{"class":58},[44,107069,943],{"class":111},[44,107071,121],{"class":58},[20,107073,2028],{},[35,107075,107076],{"className":37,"code":106616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107077,107078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107079,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107081,9227],{"class":58},[44,107083,85],{"class":62},[44,107085,66],{"class":58},[44,107087,90],{"class":62},[44,107089,9258],{"class":58},[20,107091,107092],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107094,107095],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,107097,107099],{"className":37,"code":107098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107100,107101,107125,107129,107169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107102,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107104,2511],{"class":50},[44,107106,55],{"class":54},[44,107108,10441],{"class":58},[44,107110,63],{"class":62},[44,107112,66],{"class":58},[44,107114,69],{"class":62},[44,107116,66],{"class":58},[44,107118,2408],{"class":62},[44,107120,66],{"class":58},[44,107122,90],{"class":62},[44,107124,9258],{"class":58},[44,107126,107127],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107128,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107130,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107132,911],{"class":50},[44,107134,55],{"class":54},[44,107136,56813],{"class":50},[44,107138,108],{"class":58},[44,107140,106412],{"class":111},[44,107142,457],{"class":58},[44,107144,801],{"class":62},[44,107146,66],{"class":58},[44,107148,90],{"class":62},[44,107150,66],{"class":58},[44,107152,37594],{"class":62},[44,107154,18012],{"class":58},[44,107156,9185],{"class":58},[44,107158,63],{"class":62},[44,107160,66],{"class":58},[44,107162,69],{"class":62},[44,107164,66],{"class":58},[44,107166,90],{"class":62},[44,107168,637],{"class":58},[44,107170,107171,107173,107175,107177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107172,128],{"class":127},[44,107174,115],{"class":58},[44,107176,943],{"class":111},[44,107178,121],{"class":58},[20,107180,2028],{},[35,107182,107184],{"className":37,"code":107183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107185,107186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107187,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107189,9227],{"class":58},[44,107191,801],{"class":62},[44,107193,66],{"class":58},[44,107195,90],{"class":62},[44,107197,9258],{"class":58},[30,107199,107201,408,107203],{"id":107200},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107202,102560],{},[15,107204,107205],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107207,101097],{},[420,107209,107210],{"id":106412},[15,107211,102560],{},[161,107213,107214,107216],{},[164,107215,101106],{},[164,107217,101109],{},[35,107219,107221],{"className":37,"code":107220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107222,107223,107243,107263,107267,107285,107289,107299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107224,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107226,2511],{"class":50},[44,107228,55],{"class":54},[44,107230,10441],{"class":58},[44,107232,63],{"class":62},[44,107234,66],{"class":58},[44,107236,69],{"class":62},[44,107238,66],{"class":58},[44,107240,2408],{"class":62},[44,107242,9258],{"class":58},[44,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107246,2539],{"class":50},[44,107248,55],{"class":54},[44,107250,10441],{"class":58},[44,107252,801],{"class":62},[44,107254,66],{"class":58},[44,107256,2408],{"class":62},[44,107258,66],{"class":58},[44,107260,90],{"class":62},[44,107262,9258],{"class":58},[44,107264,107265],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107266,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107268,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107270,911],{"class":50},[44,107272,55],{"class":54},[44,107274,56813],{"class":50},[44,107276,108],{"class":58},[44,107278,106412],{"class":111},[44,107280,115],{"class":58},[44,107282,4714],{"class":111},[44,107284,121],{"class":58},[44,107286,107287],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,107288,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107290,107291,107293,107295,107297],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,107292,128],{"class":127},[44,107294,115],{"class":58},[44,107296,394],{"class":111},[44,107298,121],{"class":58},[44,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,107302,128],{"class":127},[44,107304,115],{"class":58},[44,107306,943],{"class":111},[44,107308,121],{"class":58},[20,107310,2028],{},[35,107312,107314],{"className":37,"code":107313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107315,107316,107332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107319,9227],{"class":58},[44,107321,63],{"class":62},[44,107323,66],{"class":58},[44,107325,69],{"class":62},[44,107327,66],{"class":58},[44,107329,2408],{"class":62},[44,107331,9258],{"class":58},[44,107333,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107335,9227],{"class":58},[44,107337,801],{"class":62},[44,107339,66],{"class":58},[44,107341,2408],{"class":62},[44,107343,9258],{"class":58},[420,107345,107347],{"id":107346},"intersection_update",[15,107348,107205],{},[161,107350,107351,107353],{},[164,107352,101249],{},[164,107354,107355],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107357,107359],{"className":37,"code":107358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107360,107361,107381,107401,107405,107419,107423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107364,2511],{"class":50},[44,107366,55],{"class":54},[44,107368,10441],{"class":58},[44,107370,63],{"class":62},[44,107372,66],{"class":58},[44,107374,69],{"class":62},[44,107376,66],{"class":58},[44,107378,2408],{"class":62},[44,107380,9258],{"class":58},[44,107382,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107384,2539],{"class":50},[44,107386,55],{"class":54},[44,107388,10441],{"class":58},[44,107390,801],{"class":62},[44,107392,66],{"class":58},[44,107394,2408],{"class":62},[44,107396,66],{"class":58},[44,107398,90],{"class":62},[44,107400,9258],{"class":58},[44,107402,107403],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107404,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107406,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107408,394],{"class":50},[44,107410,108],{"class":58},[44,107412,107346],{"class":111},[44,107414,115],{"class":58},[44,107416,4714],{"class":111},[44,107418,121],{"class":58},[44,107420,107421],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,107422,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,107426,128],{"class":127},[44,107428,115],{"class":58},[44,107430,394],{"class":111},[44,107432,121],{"class":58},[20,107434,2028],{},[35,107436,107438],{"className":37,"code":107437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107439,107440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107441,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107443,9227],{"class":58},[44,107445,801],{"class":62},[44,107447,66],{"class":58},[44,107449,2408],{"class":62},[44,107451,9258],{"class":58},[20,107453,107454,107455,107457],{},"Choose ",[15,107456,102560],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107459,1083],{"id":1082},[20,107461,1086,107462,159],{},[15,107463,102560],{},[161,107465,107466,107469,107472,107475],{},[164,107467,107468],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[164,107470,107471],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[164,107473,107474],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[164,107476,107477,107478],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107479,102560],{},[20,107481,107482],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[161,107484,107485,107490,107493,107506],{},[164,107486,582,107487,107489],{},[15,107488,102560],{}," when order matters",[164,107491,107492],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[164,107494,37154,107495,8652,107497,2837,107502],{},[15,107496,102560],{},[394,107498,107500],{"href":107499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107501,102568],{},[394,107503,107504],{"href":102609},[15,107505,100183],{},[164,107507,107508],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107510,30087],{},[35,107512,107514],{"className":37,"code":107513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107515,107516,107526,107540,107558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107517,107518,107520,107522,107524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107519,128],{"class":127},[44,107521,115],{"class":58},[44,107523,15615],{"class":111},[44,107525,121],{"class":58},[44,107527,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107529,128],{"class":127},[44,107531,115],{"class":58},[44,107533,1459],{"class":1458},[44,107535,115],{"class":58},[44,107537,943],{"class":111},[44,107539,637],{"class":58},[44,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107543,128],{"class":127},[44,107545,115],{"class":58},[44,107547,100354],{"class":111},[44,107549,108],{"class":58},[44,107551,106412],{"class":111},[44,107553,115],{"class":58},[44,107555,100363],{"class":111},[44,107557,637],{"class":58},[44,107559,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107561,128],{"class":127},[44,107563,115],{"class":58},[44,107565,11112],{"class":127},[44,107567,115],{"class":58},[44,107569,943],{"class":111},[44,107571,637],{"class":58},[20,107573,2164],{},[35,107575,107577],{"className":37,"code":107576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107578,107579,107603,107623,107627,107645,107649,107659,107669,107683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107580,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597,107599,107601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107582,51],{"class":50},[44,107584,55],{"class":54},[44,107586,10441],{"class":58},[44,107588,63],{"class":62},[44,107590,66],{"class":58},[44,107592,69],{"class":62},[44,107594,66],{"class":58},[44,107596,69],{"class":62},[44,107598,66],{"class":58},[44,107600,2408],{"class":62},[44,107602,9258],{"class":58},[44,107604,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619,107621],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107606,43501],{"class":50},[44,107608,55],{"class":54},[44,107610,10441],{"class":58},[44,107612,801],{"class":62},[44,107614,66],{"class":58},[44,107616,2408],{"class":62},[44,107618,66],{"class":58},[44,107620,90],{"class":62},[44,107622,9258],{"class":58},[44,107624,107625],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107626,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107628,107629,107631,107633,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107630,911],{"class":50},[44,107632,55],{"class":54},[44,107634,916],{"class":50},[44,107636,108],{"class":58},[44,107638,106412],{"class":111},[44,107640,115],{"class":58},[44,107642,30694],{"class":111},[44,107644,121],{"class":58},[44,107646,107647],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,107648,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,107652,128],{"class":127},[44,107654,115],{"class":58},[44,107656,105],{"class":111},[44,107658,121],{"class":58},[44,107660,107661,107663,107665,107667],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,107662,128],{"class":127},[44,107664,115],{"class":58},[44,107666,943],{"class":111},[44,107668,121],{"class":58},[44,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,107672,128],{"class":127},[44,107674,115],{"class":58},[44,107676,1459],{"class":1458},[44,107678,115],{"class":58},[44,107680,943],{"class":111},[44,107682,637],{"class":58},[44,107684,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,107686,128],{"class":127},[44,107688,115],{"class":58},[44,107690,11112],{"class":127},[44,107692,115],{"class":58},[44,107694,943],{"class":111},[44,107696,637],{"class":58},[20,107698,2028],{},[35,107700,107702],{"className":37,"code":107701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107703,107704,107720,107732,107746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107705,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716,107718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107707,9227],{"class":58},[44,107709,63],{"class":62},[44,107711,66],{"class":58},[44,107713,69],{"class":62},[44,107715,66],{"class":58},[44,107717,2408],{"class":62},[44,107719,9258],{"class":58},[44,107721,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107723,9227],{"class":58},[44,107725,801],{"class":62},[44,107727,66],{"class":58},[44,107729,2408],{"class":62},[44,107731,9258],{"class":58},[44,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107735,3248],{"class":54},[44,107737,3251],{"class":2022},[44,107739,3254],{"class":272},[44,107741,236],{"class":276},[44,107743,3259],{"class":272},[44,107745,3262],{"class":54},[44,107747,107748],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107749,17006],{"class":62},[20,107751,107752,107753,107755],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107754,801],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107757,1757],{"id":1756},[420,107759,1761,107761,102508],{"id":107760},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107762,102560],{},[20,107764,102511],{},[420,107766,5124,107768,107770],{"id":107767},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107769,102560],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107772,107773],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[420,107775,107777],{"id":107776},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107779,107780],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[420,107782,107784],{"id":107783},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107786,107787],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107789,107790],{"className":37,"code":97227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107791,107792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107793,107794,107796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107795,236],{"class":1458},[44,107797,8590],{"class":58},[30,107799,1821],{"id":1820},[161,107801,107802,107806,107813,107819],{},[164,107803,107804],{},[394,107805,96097],{"href":96096},[164,107807,107808],{},[394,107809,3536,107810,574],{"href":107499},[15,107811,107812],{},"set.union()",[164,107814,107815],{},[394,107816,3536,107817,574],{"href":102609},[15,107818,100188],{},[164,107820,107821],{},[394,107822,100113],{"href":105112},[1872,107824,107825],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":107827},[107828,107830,107831,107832,107833,107835,107840,107841,107849],{"id":106441,"depth":75,"text":107829},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":106949,"depth":75,"text":107834},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107200,"depth":75,"text":107836,"children":107837},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107838,107839],{"id":106412,"depth":95,"text":102560},{"id":107346,"depth":95,"text":107205},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":107842},[107843,107845,107847,107848],{"id":107760,"depth":95,"text":107844},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107767,"depth":95,"text":107846},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107776,"depth":95,"text":107777},{"id":107783,"depth":95,"text":107784},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106334,"description":107850},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107857,"title":107858,"body":107859,"description":109095,"extension":1921,"meta":109096,"navigation":98,"path":109097,"seo":109098,"stem":109099,"__hash__":109100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107860,"toc":109062},[107861,107866,107872,107881,107883,107958,107963,107978,107988,107993,107997,108010,108014,108016,108031,108033,108049,108051,108126,108130,108133,108135,108152,108157,108212,108217,108229,108233,108236,108337,108339,108380,108383,108387,108394,108396,108421,108424,108442,108449,108455,108458,108540,108547,108550,108630,108639,108642,108647,108651,108665,108714,108719,108723,108734,108783,108794,108799,108803,108815,108864,108875,108877,108881,108904,108906,108963,108965,108979,108981,108987,108993,108999,109008,109012,109019,109023,109031,109033,109059],[10,107862,95969,107864,18],{"id":107863},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107865,12713],{},[20,107867,107868,107871],{},[15,107869,107870],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107873,107874,107875,107877,107878,107880],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[214,107876,4583],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107879,12713],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,107882,33],{"id":32},[35,107884,107886],{"className":37,"code":107885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107887,107888,107920,107934,107938,107948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910,107912,107914,107916,107918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107891,818],{"class":50},[44,107893,55],{"class":54},[44,107895,10441],{"class":58},[44,107897,273],{"class":272},[44,107899,277],{"class":276},[44,107901,273],{"class":272},[44,107903,66],{"class":58},[44,107905,284],{"class":272},[44,107907,287],{"class":276},[44,107909,273],{"class":272},[44,107911,66],{"class":58},[44,107913,284],{"class":272},[44,107915,4051],{"class":276},[44,107917,273],{"class":272},[44,107919,9258],{"class":58},[44,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,107923,69700],{"class":50},[44,107925,55],{"class":54},[44,107927,5917],{"class":50},[44,107929,108],{"class":58},[44,107931,26192],{"class":111},[44,107933,8590],{"class":58},[44,107935,107936],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,107937,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,107939,107940,107942,107944,107946],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107941,128],{"class":127},[44,107943,115],{"class":58},[44,107945,69723],{"class":111},[44,107947,121],{"class":58},[44,107949,107950,107952,107954,107956],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,107951,128],{"class":127},[44,107953,115],{"class":58},[44,107955,835],{"class":111},[44,107957,121],{"class":58},[20,107959,107960],{},[214,107961,107962],{},"What this does:",[161,107964,107965,107970,107975],{},[164,107966,107967,107968],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107969,835],{},[164,107971,107972,107973],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107974,69723],{},[164,107976,107977],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107979,107980,88729,107982,107984,107985,107987],{},[214,107981,83587],{},[15,107983,107870],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[214,107986,4583],{}," chosen by index.",[30,107989,151,107991,154],{"id":107990},"what-setpop-does",[15,107992,107870],{},[20,107994,107995,159],{},[15,107996,107870],{},[161,107998,107999,108001,108004,108007],{},[164,108000,102811],{},[164,108002,108003],{},"Returns the removed item",[164,108005,108006],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[164,108008,108009],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108011,96093,108012,108],{},[394,108013,96097],{"href":97268},[30,108015,188],{"id":187},[35,108017,108019],{"className":37,"code":108018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108020,108021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108022,108023,108025,108027,108029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108024,15615],{"class":50},[44,108026,108],{"class":58},[44,108028,26192],{"class":111},[44,108030,8590],{"class":58},[20,108032,13002],{},[161,108034,108035,108041,108046],{},[164,108036,108037,108038],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108039,108040],{},"my_set.pop()",[164,108042,108043,108044],{},"It takes ",[214,108045,28639],{},[164,108047,108048],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108050,2164],{},[35,108052,108054],{"className":37,"code":108053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108055,108056,108088,108102,108106,108116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108057,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108059,13026],{"class":50},[44,108061,55],{"class":54},[44,108063,10441],{"class":58},[44,108065,273],{"class":272},[44,108067,13043],{"class":276},[44,108069,273],{"class":272},[44,108071,66],{"class":58},[44,108073,284],{"class":272},[44,108075,13060],{"class":276},[44,108077,273],{"class":272},[44,108079,66],{"class":58},[44,108081,284],{"class":272},[44,108083,17405],{"class":276},[44,108085,273],{"class":272},[44,108087,9258],{"class":58},[44,108089,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108091,28489],{"class":50},[44,108093,55],{"class":54},[44,108095,13074],{"class":50},[44,108097,108],{"class":58},[44,108099,26192],{"class":111},[44,108101,8590],{"class":58},[44,108103,108104],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108105,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,108107,108108,108110,108112,108114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108109,128],{"class":127},[44,108111,115],{"class":58},[44,108113,23261],{"class":111},[44,108115,121],{"class":58},[44,108117,108118,108120,108122,108124],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,108119,128],{"class":127},[44,108121,115],{"class":58},[44,108123,17452],{"class":111},[44,108125,121],{"class":58},[30,108127,108129],{"id":108128},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108131,108132],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108134,2065],{},[161,108136,108137,108143,108146],{},[164,108138,108139,108140,108142],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108141,12713],{}," removes",[164,108144,108145],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[164,108147,108148,108149,108151],{},"You should not use ",[15,108150,12713],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108153,10411,108154,108156],{},[214,108155,4583],{}," valid:",[35,108158,108160],{"className":37,"code":108159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108161,108162,108194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108163,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176,108178,108180,108182,108184,108186,108188,108190,108192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108165,265],{"class":50},[44,108167,55],{"class":54},[44,108169,10441],{"class":58},[44,108171,273],{"class":272},[44,108173,277],{"class":276},[44,108175,273],{"class":272},[44,108177,66],{"class":58},[44,108179,284],{"class":272},[44,108181,287],{"class":276},[44,108183,273],{"class":272},[44,108185,66],{"class":58},[44,108187,284],{"class":272},[44,108189,4051],{"class":276},[44,108191,273],{"class":272},[44,108193,9258],{"class":58},[44,108195,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206,108208,108210],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108197,327],{"class":50},[44,108199,108],{"class":58},[44,108201,26192],{"class":111},[44,108203,115],{"class":58},[44,108205,273],{"class":272},[44,108207,277],{"class":276},[44,108209,273],{"class":272},[44,108211,121],{"class":58},[20,108213,1415,108214,108216],{},[15,108215,107870],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108218,108219,108220,2837,108224,108],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[394,108221,108222],{"href":97978},[15,108223,102637],{},[394,108225,108227],{"href":108226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108228,102628],{},[30,108230,108232],{"id":108231},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108234,108235],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108237,108239],{"className":37,"code":108238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108240,108241,108275,108279,108295,108299,108318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108242,108243,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108271,108273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108244,108245],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108247,55],{"class":54},[44,108249,10441],{"class":58},[44,108251,273],{"class":272},[44,108253,36997],{"class":276},[44,108255,273],{"class":272},[44,108257,66],{"class":58},[44,108259,284],{"class":272},[44,108261,58050],{"class":276},[44,108263,273],{"class":272},[44,108265,66],{"class":58},[44,108267,284],{"class":272},[44,108269,108270],{"class":276},"rabbit",[44,108272,273],{"class":272},[44,108274,9258],{"class":58},[44,108276,108277],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108278,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,108280,108281,108284,108286,108289,108291,108293],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108282,108283],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108285,55],{"class":54},[44,108287,108288],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108290,108],{"class":58},[44,108292,26192],{"class":111},[44,108294,8590],{"class":58},[44,108296,108297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108298,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,108300,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108316],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,108302,128],{"class":127},[44,108304,115],{"class":58},[44,108306,273],{"class":272},[44,108308,28907],{"class":276},[44,108310,273],{"class":272},[44,108312,66],{"class":58},[44,108314,108315],{"class":111}," removed_animal",[44,108317,121],{"class":58},[44,108319,108320,108322,108324,108326,108329,108331,108333,108335],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,108321,128],{"class":127},[44,108323,115],{"class":58},[44,108325,273],{"class":272},[44,108327,108328],{"class":276},"Updated set:",[44,108330,273],{"class":272},[44,108332,66],{"class":58},[44,108334,108288],{"class":111},[44,108336,121],{"class":58},[20,108338,29981],{},[35,108340,108342],{"className":37,"code":108341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108343,108344,108353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108345,108346,108348,108350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108347,28949],{"class":50},[44,108349,159],{"class":58},[44,108351,108352],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108354,108355,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108356,108357],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108359,236],{"class":1458},[44,108361,159],{"class":58},[44,108363,10441],{"class":58},[44,108365,3259],{"class":272},[44,108367,36997],{"class":276},[44,108369,3259],{"class":272},[44,108371,66],{"class":58},[44,108373,3254],{"class":272},[44,108375,108270],{"class":276},[44,108377,3259],{"class":272},[44,108379,9258],{"class":58},[20,108381,108382],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108384,108386],{"id":108385},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108388,29601,108389,108391,108392,108],{},[15,108390,12713],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108393,19637],{},[20,108395,2164],{},[35,108397,108399],{"className":37,"code":108398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108400,108401,108411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108402,108403,108405,108407,108409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108404,818],{"class":50},[44,108406,55],{"class":54},[44,108408,15582],{"class":1458},[44,108410,8590],{"class":58},[44,108412,108413,108415,108417,108419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108414,835],{"class":50},[44,108416,108],{"class":58},[44,108418,26192],{"class":111},[44,108420,8590],{"class":58},[20,108422,108423],{},"This raises:",[35,108425,108427],{"className":37,"code":108426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108428,108429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108430,108431,108433,108435,108437,108440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108432,19637],{"class":1458},[44,108434,159],{"class":58},[44,108436,3254],{"class":272},[44,108438,108439],{"class":276},"pop from an empty set",[44,108441,29651],{"class":272},[20,108443,108444,108445,108448],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[394,108446,108447],{"href":11024},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[420,108450,108452,108453],{"id":108451},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108454,12713],{},[20,108456,108457],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108459,108461],{"className":37,"code":108460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108462,108463,108473,108477,108485,108500,108519,108525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108464,108465,108467,108469,108471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108466,818],{"class":50},[44,108468,55],{"class":54},[44,108470,15582],{"class":1458},[44,108472,8590],{"class":58},[44,108474,108475],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108476,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,108478,108479,108481,108483],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108480,6944],{"class":3832},[44,108482,5917],{"class":50},[44,108484,6344],{"class":58},[44,108486,108487,108490,108492,108494,108496,108498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108488,108489],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108491,55],{"class":54},[44,108493,5917],{"class":50},[44,108495,108],{"class":58},[44,108497,26192],{"class":111},[44,108499,8590],{"class":58},[44,108501,108502,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512,108514,108517],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,108503,8017],{"class":127},[44,108505,115],{"class":58},[44,108507,273],{"class":272},[44,108509,28907],{"class":276},[44,108511,273],{"class":272},[44,108513,66],{"class":58},[44,108515,108516],{"class":111}," removed",[44,108518,121],{"class":58},[44,108520,108521,108523],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,108522,27385],{"class":3832},[44,108524,6344],{"class":58},[44,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533,108536,108538],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,108528,8017],{"class":127},[44,108530,115],{"class":58},[44,108532,273],{"class":272},[44,108534,108535],{"class":276},"The set is empty.",[44,108537,273],{"class":272},[44,108539,121],{"class":58},[420,108541,144,108543,398,108545],{"id":108542},"use-try-and-except",[15,108544,29755],{},[15,108546,29786],{},[20,108548,108549],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108551,108553],{"className":37,"code":108552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108554,108555,108565,108569,108575,108589,108607,108615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108556,108557,108559,108561,108563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108558,818],{"class":50},[44,108560,55],{"class":54},[44,108562,15582],{"class":1458},[44,108564,8590],{"class":58},[44,108566,108567],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108568,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,108570,108571,108573],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108572,29755],{"class":3832},[44,108574,6344],{"class":58},[44,108576,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108578,108489],{"class":50},[44,108580,55],{"class":54},[44,108582,5917],{"class":50},[44,108584,108],{"class":58},[44,108586,26192],{"class":111},[44,108588,8590],{"class":58},[44,108590,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,108592,8017],{"class":127},[44,108594,115],{"class":58},[44,108596,273],{"class":272},[44,108598,28907],{"class":276},[44,108600,273],{"class":272},[44,108602,66],{"class":58},[44,108604,108516],{"class":111},[44,108606,121],{"class":58},[44,108608,108609,108611,108613],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,108610,29786],{"class":3832},[44,108612,29789],{"class":1458},[44,108614,6344],{"class":58},[44,108616,108617,108619,108621,108623,108626,108628],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,108618,8017],{"class":127},[44,108620,115],{"class":58},[44,108622,273],{"class":272},[44,108624,108625],{"class":276},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108627,273],{"class":272},[44,108629,121],{"class":58},[30,108631,1638,108633,408,108635,408,108637],{"id":108632},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108634,12713],{},[15,108636,55458],{},[15,108638,102623],{},[20,108640,108641],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[420,108643,144,108645],{"id":108644},"use-pop",[15,108646,12713],{},[20,108648,144,108649,10551],{},[15,108650,12713],{},[161,108652,108653,108659,108662],{},[164,108654,108655,108656],{},"You want to remove ",[214,108657,108658],{},"any one item",[164,108660,108661],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[164,108663,108664],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108666,108668],{"className":37,"code":108667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108669,108670,108690,108704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686,108688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108673,51],{"class":50},[44,108675,55],{"class":54},[44,108677,10441],{"class":58},[44,108679,63],{"class":62},[44,108681,66],{"class":58},[44,108683,69],{"class":62},[44,108685,66],{"class":58},[44,108687,2408],{"class":62},[44,108689,9258],{"class":58},[44,108691,108692,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108693,2403],{"class":50},[44,108695,55],{"class":54},[44,108697,916],{"class":50},[44,108699,108],{"class":58},[44,108701,26192],{"class":111},[44,108703,8590],{"class":58},[44,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108707,128],{"class":127},[44,108709,115],{"class":58},[44,108711,2429],{"class":111},[44,108713,121],{"class":58},[420,108715,144,108717],{"id":108716},"use-remove",[15,108718,55458],{},[20,108720,144,108721,10551],{},[15,108722,55458],{},[161,108724,108725,108731],{},[164,108726,108727,108728],{},"You want to delete a ",[214,108729,108730],{},"specific item",[164,108732,108733],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108735,108737],{"className":37,"code":108736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108738,108739,108759,108773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108740,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108742,51],{"class":50},[44,108744,55],{"class":54},[44,108746,10441],{"class":58},[44,108748,63],{"class":62},[44,108750,66],{"class":58},[44,108752,69],{"class":62},[44,108754,66],{"class":58},[44,108756,2408],{"class":62},[44,108758,9258],{"class":58},[44,108760,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108762,105],{"class":50},[44,108764,108],{"class":58},[44,108766,34745],{"class":111},[44,108768,115],{"class":58},[44,108770,801],{"class":62},[44,108772,121],{"class":58},[44,108774,108775,108777,108779,108781],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108776,128],{"class":127},[44,108778,115],{"class":58},[44,108780,105],{"class":111},[44,108782,121],{"class":58},[20,108784,108785,108786,108788,108789,108793],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108787,55458],{}," raises an error. See the ",[394,108790,108791,574],{"href":97978},[15,108792,102637],{}," for details.",[420,108795,144,108797],{"id":108796},"use-discard",[15,108798,102623],{},[20,108800,144,108801,10551],{},[15,108802,102623],{},[161,108804,108805,108809],{},[164,108806,108727,108807],{},[214,108808,108730],{},[164,108810,108811,108812,108814],{},"You do ",[214,108813,4583],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108816,108818],{"className":37,"code":108817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108819,108820,108840,108854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108821,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108823,51],{"class":50},[44,108825,55],{"class":54},[44,108827,10441],{"class":58},[44,108829,63],{"class":62},[44,108831,66],{"class":58},[44,108833,69],{"class":62},[44,108835,66],{"class":58},[44,108837,2408],{"class":62},[44,108839,9258],{"class":58},[44,108841,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850,108852],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108843,105],{"class":50},[44,108845,108],{"class":58},[44,108847,102690],{"class":111},[44,108849,115],{"class":58},[44,108851,1410],{"class":62},[44,108853,121],{"class":58},[44,108855,108856,108858,108860,108862],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108857,128],{"class":127},[44,108859,115],{"class":58},[44,108861,105],{"class":111},[44,108863,121],{"class":58},[20,108865,108866,108867,108869,108870,108874],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108868,1410],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[394,108871,108872,574],{"href":108226},[15,108873,102628],{}," for more examples.",[30,108876,2788],{"id":2787},[20,108878,71246,108879,159],{},[15,108880,107870],{},[161,108882,108883,108889,108894,108899],{},[164,108884,108885,108886],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108887,108888],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[164,108890,8399,108891,108893],{},[15,108892,12713],{}," to remove the first or last item",[164,108895,29601,108896,108898],{},[15,108897,12713],{}," on an empty set",[164,108900,582,108901,108903],{},[15,108902,12713],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108905,1433],{},[35,108907,108909],{"className":37,"code":108908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108910,108911,108921,108935,108949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108912,108913,108915,108917,108919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108914,128],{"class":127},[44,108916,115],{"class":58},[44,108918,15615],{"class":111},[44,108920,121],{"class":58},[44,108922,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,108924,128],{"class":127},[44,108926,115],{"class":58},[44,108928,11112],{"class":127},[44,108930,115],{"class":58},[44,108932,15615],{"class":111},[44,108934,637],{"class":58},[44,108936,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,108938,128],{"class":127},[44,108940,115],{"class":58},[44,108942,1459],{"class":1458},[44,108944,115],{"class":58},[44,108946,15615],{"class":111},[44,108948,637],{"class":58},[44,108950,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108952,28489],{"class":50},[44,108954,55],{"class":54},[44,108956,96693],{"class":50},[44,108958,108],{"class":58},[44,108960,26192],{"class":111},[44,108962,8590],{"class":58},[20,108964,25959],{},[161,108966,108967,108970,108973,108976],{},[164,108968,108969],{},"What values are in the set",[164,108971,108972],{},"Whether the set is empty",[164,108974,108975],{},"That the object is really a set",[164,108977,108978],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,108980,1757],{"id":1756},[420,108982,1761,108984,108986],{"id":108983},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108985,107870],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108988,108989,108990,108992],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108991,12713],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[420,108994,108996,108997,1778],{"id":108995},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108998,107870],{},[20,109000,109001,109002,109004,109005,109007],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109003,12713],{},", set ",[15,109006,12713],{}," does not accept an index.",[420,109009,109011],{"id":109010},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109013,71415,109014,1170,109016,109018],{},[15,109015,19637],{},[15,109017,12713],{}," is called on an empty set.",[420,109020,109022],{"id":109021},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109024,144,109025,2837,109027,11042,109029,108],{},[15,109026,55458],{},[15,109028,102623],{},[15,109030,12713],{},[30,109032,1821],{"id":1820},[161,109034,109035,109039,109045,109051,109055],{},[164,109036,109037],{},[394,109038,96097],{"href":97268},[164,109040,109041],{},[394,109042,96583,109043,574],{"href":97978},[15,109044,55458],{},[164,109046,109047],{},[394,109048,96583,109049,574],{"href":108226},[15,109050,102623],{},[164,109052,109053],{},[394,109054,11213],{"href":11024},[164,109056,109057],{},[394,109058,55445],{"href":54998},[1872,109060,109061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":109063},[109064,109065,109067,109068,109069,109070,109076,109085,109086,109094],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":107990,"depth":75,"text":109066},"What set.pop() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":108128,"depth":75,"text":108129},{"id":108231,"depth":75,"text":108232},{"id":108385,"depth":75,"text":108386,"children":109071},[109072,109074],{"id":108451,"depth":95,"text":109073},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108542,"depth":95,"text":109075},"Use try and except",{"id":108632,"depth":75,"text":109077,"children":109078},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109079,109081,109083],{"id":108644,"depth":95,"text":109080},"Use pop()",{"id":108716,"depth":95,"text":109082},"Use remove()",{"id":108796,"depth":95,"text":109084},"Use discard()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":109087},[109088,109090,109092,109093],{"id":108983,"depth":95,"text":109089},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108995,"depth":95,"text":109091},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109010,"depth":95,"text":109011},{"id":109021,"depth":95,"text":109022},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107858,"description":109095},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109102,"title":109103,"body":109104,"description":110258,"extension":1921,"meta":110259,"navigation":98,"path":110260,"seo":110261,"stem":110262,"__hash__":110263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109105,"toc":110226},[109106,109111,109116,109125,109127,109192,109196,109220,109227,109232,109236,109251,109254,109256,109275,109289,109292,109340,109344,109360,109362,109435,109439,109464,109470,109478,109482,109489,109544,109549,109566,109572,109578,109583,109591,109598,109602,109610,109665,109667,109684,109688,109695,109760,109764,109797,109799,109811,109818,109820,109825,109832,109834,109903,109907,109915,109917,109981,109985,109990,110037,110042,110110,110118,110125,110128,110134,110139,110143,110145,110148,110150,110155,110160,110166,110171,110178,110186,110192,110195,110197,110223],[10,109107,95969,109109,18],{"id":109108},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109110,55458],{},[20,109112,109113,109115],{},[15,109114,102637],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109117,109118,109119,109122,109123,108],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[214,109120,109121],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109124,19637],{},[30,109126,33],{"id":32},[35,109128,109130],{"className":37,"code":109129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109131,109132,109164,109182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109133,109134,109136,109138,109140,109142,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109135,13026],{"class":50},[44,109137,55],{"class":54},[44,109139,10441],{"class":58},[44,109141,273],{"class":272},[44,109143,13043],{"class":276},[44,109145,273],{"class":272},[44,109147,66],{"class":58},[44,109149,284],{"class":272},[44,109151,13060],{"class":276},[44,109153,273],{"class":272},[44,109155,66],{"class":58},[44,109157,284],{"class":272},[44,109159,17405],{"class":276},[44,109161,273],{"class":272},[44,109163,9258],{"class":58},[44,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176,109178,109180],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109167,17452],{"class":50},[44,109169,108],{"class":58},[44,109171,34745],{"class":111},[44,109173,115],{"class":58},[44,109175,273],{"class":272},[44,109177,13060],{"class":276},[44,109179,273],{"class":272},[44,109181,121],{"class":58},[44,109183,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109185,128],{"class":127},[44,109187,115],{"class":58},[44,109189,17452],{"class":111},[44,109191,121],{"class":58},[20,109193,109194],{},[214,109195,29981],{},[35,109197,109198],{"className":37,"code":103317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109199,109200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109201,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109203,9227],{"class":58},[44,109205,3259],{"class":272},[44,109207,13043],{"class":276},[44,109209,3259],{"class":272},[44,109211,66],{"class":58},[44,109213,3254],{"class":272},[44,109215,17405],{"class":276},[44,109217,3259],{"class":272},[44,109219,9258],{"class":58},[20,109221,144,109222,109224,109225,108],{},[15,109223,55458],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109226,19637],{},[30,109228,151,109230,154],{"id":109229},"what-setremove-does",[15,109231,102637],{},[20,109233,109234,159],{},[15,109235,102637],{},[161,109237,109238,109241,109243,109245],{},[164,109239,109240],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[164,109242,96084],{},[164,109244,96087],{},[164,109246,109247,109248,109250],{},"Raises ",[15,109249,19637],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109252,109253],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109255,188],{"id":187},[35,109257,109259],{"className":37,"code":109258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109260,109261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109262,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109264,15615],{"class":50},[44,109266,108],{"class":58},[44,109268,34745],{"class":111},[44,109270,115],{"class":58},[44,109272,2429],{"class":111},[44,109274,121],{"class":58},[161,109276,109277,109281,109286],{},[164,109278,109279,102859],{},[15,109280,15615],{},[164,109282,109283,109285],{},[15,109284,2429],{}," is the item to remove",[164,109287,109288],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109290,109291],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109293,109294],{"className":37,"code":108736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109295,109296,109316,109330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109297,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109299,51],{"class":50},[44,109301,55],{"class":54},[44,109303,10441],{"class":58},[44,109305,63],{"class":62},[44,109307,66],{"class":58},[44,109309,69],{"class":62},[44,109311,66],{"class":58},[44,109313,2408],{"class":62},[44,109315,9258],{"class":58},[44,109317,109318,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109319,105],{"class":50},[44,109321,108],{"class":58},[44,109323,34745],{"class":111},[44,109325,115],{"class":58},[44,109327,801],{"class":62},[44,109329,121],{"class":58},[44,109331,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109333,128],{"class":127},[44,109335,115],{"class":58},[44,109337,105],{"class":111},[44,109339,121],{"class":58},[20,109341,109342],{},[214,109343,29981],{},[35,109345,109346],{"className":37,"code":101067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109347,109348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109349,109350,109352,109354,109356,109358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109351,9227],{"class":58},[44,109353,63],{"class":62},[44,109355,66],{"class":58},[44,109357,2408],{"class":62},[44,109359,9258],{"class":58},[30,109361,11425],{"id":11424},[35,109363,109365],{"className":37,"code":109364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109366,109367,109399,109403,109421,109425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109368,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109370,265],{"class":50},[44,109372,55],{"class":54},[44,109374,10441],{"class":58},[44,109376,273],{"class":272},[44,109378,277],{"class":276},[44,109380,273],{"class":272},[44,109382,66],{"class":58},[44,109384,284],{"class":272},[44,109386,287],{"class":276},[44,109388,273],{"class":272},[44,109390,66],{"class":58},[44,109392,284],{"class":272},[44,109394,305],{"class":276},[44,109396,273],{"class":272},[44,109398,9258],{"class":58},[44,109400,109401],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109402,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,109404,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109406,327],{"class":50},[44,109408,108],{"class":58},[44,109410,34745],{"class":111},[44,109412,115],{"class":58},[44,109414,273],{"class":272},[44,109416,287],{"class":276},[44,109418,273],{"class":272},[44,109420,121],{"class":58},[44,109422,109423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109424,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,109426,109427,109429,109431,109433],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,109428,128],{"class":127},[44,109430,115],{"class":58},[44,109432,327],{"class":111},[44,109434,121],{"class":58},[20,109436,109437],{},[214,109438,29981],{},[35,109440,109442],{"className":37,"code":109441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109443,109444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109445,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109447,9227],{"class":58},[44,109449,3259],{"class":272},[44,109451,277],{"class":276},[44,109453,3259],{"class":272},[44,109455,66],{"class":58},[44,109457,3254],{"class":272},[44,109459,305],{"class":276},[44,109461,3259],{"class":272},[44,109463,9258],{"class":58},[20,109465,109466,109467,109469],{},"This removes ",[15,109468,65040],{}," from the set.",[20,109471,109472,109473,109475,109476,108],{},"A set does ",[214,109474,4583],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[394,109477,96101],{"href":97652},[30,109479,109481],{"id":109480},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109483,109484,109485,52444,109487,108],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109486,55458],{},[15,109488,19637],{},[35,109490,109492],{"className":37,"code":109491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109493,109494,109526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109495,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109497,13026],{"class":50},[44,109499,55],{"class":54},[44,109501,10441],{"class":58},[44,109503,273],{"class":272},[44,109505,13043],{"class":276},[44,109507,273],{"class":272},[44,109509,66],{"class":58},[44,109511,284],{"class":272},[44,109513,13060],{"class":276},[44,109515,273],{"class":272},[44,109517,66],{"class":58},[44,109519,284],{"class":272},[44,109521,17405],{"class":276},[44,109523,273],{"class":272},[44,109525,9258],{"class":58},[44,109527,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109529,17452],{"class":50},[44,109531,108],{"class":58},[44,109533,34745],{"class":111},[44,109535,115],{"class":58},[44,109537,273],{"class":272},[44,109539,22475],{"class":276},[44,109541,273],{"class":272},[44,109543,121],{"class":58},[20,109545,109546],{},[214,109547,109548],{},"Result:",[35,109550,109552],{"className":37,"code":109551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109553,109554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109555,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109557,19637],{"class":1458},[44,109559,159],{"class":58},[44,109561,3254],{"class":272},[44,109563,22475],{"class":276},[44,109565,29651],{"class":272},[20,109567,22140,109568,109571],{},[15,109569,109570],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109573,109574,109575,109577],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109576,55458],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109579,109580,109581,108],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[394,109582,11213],{"href":11024},[30,109584,4152,109586,109588,109589],{"id":109585},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109587,55458],{}," is different from ",[15,109590,102623],{},[20,109592,109593,398,109595,109597],{},[15,109594,55458],{},[15,109596,102623],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[420,109599,109600],{"id":34745},[15,109601,55458],{},[161,109603,109604,109607],{},[164,109605,109606],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[164,109608,109609],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109611,109613],{"className":37,"code":109612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109614,109615,109647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109616,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109618,672],{"class":50},[44,109620,55],{"class":54},[44,109622,10441],{"class":58},[44,109624,273],{"class":272},[44,109626,394],{"class":276},[44,109628,273],{"class":272},[44,109630,66],{"class":58},[44,109632,284],{"class":272},[44,109634,4714],{"class":276},[44,109636,273],{"class":272},[44,109638,66],{"class":58},[44,109640,284],{"class":272},[44,109642,9689],{"class":276},[44,109644,273],{"class":272},[44,109646,9258],{"class":58},[44,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109650,689],{"class":50},[44,109652,108],{"class":58},[44,109654,34745],{"class":111},[44,109656,115],{"class":58},[44,109658,273],{"class":272},[44,109660,18717],{"class":276},[44,109662,273],{"class":272},[44,109664,121],{"class":58},[20,109666,108423],{},[35,109668,109670],{"className":37,"code":109669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109671,109672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109673,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109675,19637],{"class":1458},[44,109677,159],{"class":58},[44,109679,3254],{"class":272},[44,109681,18717],{"class":276},[44,109683,29651],{"class":272},[420,109685,109686],{"id":102690},[15,109687,102623],{},[161,109689,109690,109692],{},[164,109691,109606],{},[164,109693,109694],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109696,109698],{"className":37,"code":109697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109699,109700,109732,109750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109701,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109703,672],{"class":50},[44,109705,55],{"class":54},[44,109707,10441],{"class":58},[44,109709,273],{"class":272},[44,109711,394],{"class":276},[44,109713,273],{"class":272},[44,109715,66],{"class":58},[44,109717,284],{"class":272},[44,109719,4714],{"class":276},[44,109721,273],{"class":272},[44,109723,66],{"class":58},[44,109725,284],{"class":272},[44,109727,9689],{"class":276},[44,109729,273],{"class":272},[44,109731,9258],{"class":58},[44,109733,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109735,689],{"class":50},[44,109737,108],{"class":58},[44,109739,102690],{"class":111},[44,109741,115],{"class":58},[44,109743,273],{"class":272},[44,109745,18717],{"class":276},[44,109747,273],{"class":272},[44,109749,121],{"class":58},[44,109751,109752,109754,109756,109758],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109753,128],{"class":127},[44,109755,115],{"class":58},[44,109757,689],{"class":111},[44,109759,121],{"class":58},[20,109761,109762],{},[214,109763,2028],{},[35,109765,109767],{"className":37,"code":109766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109768,109769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109770,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109772,9227],{"class":58},[44,109774,3259],{"class":272},[44,109776,394],{"class":276},[44,109778,3259],{"class":272},[44,109780,66],{"class":58},[44,109782,3254],{"class":272},[44,109784,4714],{"class":276},[44,109786,3259],{"class":272},[44,109788,66],{"class":58},[44,109790,3254],{"class":272},[44,109792,9689],{"class":276},[44,109794,3259],{"class":272},[44,109796,9258],{"class":58},[20,109798,552],{},[161,109800,109801,109806],{},[164,109802,109803,109805],{},[15,109804,55458],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[164,109807,109808,109810],{},[15,109809,102623],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109812,109813,109814,108],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[394,109815,96583,109816,574],{"href":108226},[15,109817,102623],{},[30,109819,1083],{"id":1082},[420,109821,8399,109823,96963],{"id":109822},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109824,55458],{},[20,109826,109827,109829,109830,108],{},[15,109828,55458],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109831,178],{},[20,109833,16593],{},[35,109835,109837],{"className":37,"code":109836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109838,109839,109871,109893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109842,13026],{"class":50},[44,109844,55],{"class":54},[44,109846,10441],{"class":58},[44,109848,273],{"class":272},[44,109850,13043],{"class":276},[44,109852,273],{"class":272},[44,109854,66],{"class":58},[44,109856,284],{"class":272},[44,109858,13060],{"class":276},[44,109860,273],{"class":272},[44,109862,66],{"class":58},[44,109864,284],{"class":272},[44,109866,17405],{"class":276},[44,109868,273],{"class":272},[44,109870,9258],{"class":58},[44,109872,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109874,13069],{"class":50},[44,109876,55],{"class":54},[44,109878,13074],{"class":50},[44,109880,108],{"class":58},[44,109882,34745],{"class":111},[44,109884,115],{"class":58},[44,109886,273],{"class":272},[44,109888,13060],{"class":276},[44,109890,273],{"class":272},[44,109892,121],{"class":58},[44,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109896,128],{"class":127},[44,109898,115],{"class":58},[44,109900,13093],{"class":111},[44,109902,121],{"class":58},[20,109904,109905],{},[214,109906,2028],{},[35,109908,109909],{"className":37,"code":11758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109910,109911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109912,109913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109914,11758],{"class":1582},[20,109916,16605],{},[35,109918,109919],{"className":37,"code":109129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109920,109921,109953,109971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109922,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109924,13026],{"class":50},[44,109926,55],{"class":54},[44,109928,10441],{"class":58},[44,109930,273],{"class":272},[44,109932,13043],{"class":276},[44,109934,273],{"class":272},[44,109936,66],{"class":58},[44,109938,284],{"class":272},[44,109940,13060],{"class":276},[44,109942,273],{"class":272},[44,109944,66],{"class":58},[44,109946,284],{"class":272},[44,109948,17405],{"class":276},[44,109950,273],{"class":272},[44,109952,9258],{"class":58},[44,109954,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,109956,17452],{"class":50},[44,109958,108],{"class":58},[44,109960,34745],{"class":111},[44,109962,115],{"class":58},[44,109964,273],{"class":272},[44,109966,13060],{"class":276},[44,109968,273],{"class":272},[44,109970,121],{"class":58},[44,109972,109973,109975,109977,109979],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,109974,128],{"class":127},[44,109976,115],{"class":58},[44,109978,17452],{"class":111},[44,109980,121],{"class":58},[420,109982,109984],{"id":109983},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109986,109987,109988,108],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109989,19637],{},[35,109991,109993],{"className":37,"code":109992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109994,109995,110019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109996,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109998,13026],{"class":50},[44,110000,55],{"class":54},[44,110002,10441],{"class":58},[44,110004,273],{"class":272},[44,110006,13043],{"class":276},[44,110008,273],{"class":272},[44,110010,66],{"class":58},[44,110012,284],{"class":272},[44,110014,13060],{"class":276},[44,110016,273],{"class":272},[44,110018,9258],{"class":58},[44,110020,110021,110023,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110022,17452],{"class":50},[44,110024,108],{"class":58},[44,110026,34745],{"class":111},[44,110028,115],{"class":58},[44,110030,273],{"class":272},[44,110032,17405],{"class":276},[44,110034,273],{"class":272},[44,110036,121],{"class":58},[20,110038,110039,110040,159],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110041,3839],{},[35,110043,110045],{"className":37,"code":110044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110046,110047,110071,110075,110091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110048,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061,110063,110065,110067,110069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110050,13026],{"class":50},[44,110052,55],{"class":54},[44,110054,10441],{"class":58},[44,110056,273],{"class":272},[44,110058,13043],{"class":276},[44,110060,273],{"class":272},[44,110062,66],{"class":58},[44,110064,284],{"class":272},[44,110066,13060],{"class":276},[44,110068,273],{"class":272},[44,110070,9258],{"class":58},[44,110072,110073],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110074,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110076,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,110078,6944],{"class":3832},[44,110080,284],{"class":272},[44,110082,17405],{"class":276},[44,110084,273],{"class":272},[44,110086,21124],{"class":54},[44,110088,13074],{"class":50},[44,110090,6344],{"class":58},[44,110092,110093,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110094,110095],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,110097,108],{"class":58},[44,110099,34745],{"class":111},[44,110101,115],{"class":58},[44,110103,273],{"class":272},[44,110105,17405],{"class":276},[44,110107,273],{"class":272},[44,110109,121],{"class":58},[20,110111,110112,110113,110117],{},"Or use ",[394,110114,110115],{"href":108226},[15,110116,102623],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[420,110119,37154,110121,8652,110123],{"id":110120},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110122,102637],{},[15,110124,55006],{},[20,110126,110127],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110129,110130,110131,110133],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110132,102637],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110135,110136,110137,108],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[394,110138,98847],{"href":98846},[420,110140,110142],{"id":110141},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110144,108132],{},[20,110146,110147],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110149,1757],{"id":1756},[420,110151,1761,110153,97062],{"id":110152},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110154,102637],{},[20,110156,110157,110158,108],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110159,178],{},[420,110161,30239,110163,110165],{"id":110162},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110164,102637],{}," raise?",[20,110167,30245,110168,110170],{},[15,110169,19637],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[420,110172,21371,110174,2837,110176,1778],{"id":110173},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110175,55458],{},[15,110177,102623],{},[20,110179,144,110180,110182,110183,110185],{},[15,110181,55458],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110184,102623],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[420,110187,5124,110189,110191],{"id":110188},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110190,102637],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110193,110194],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110196,1821],{"id":1820},[161,110198,110199,110205,110211,110215,110219],{},[164,110200,110201],{},[394,110202,96583,110203,574],{"href":108226},[15,110204,102623],{},[164,110206,110207],{},[394,110208,96583,110209,574],{"href":97983},[15,110210,12713],{},[164,110212,110213],{},[394,110214,97107],{"href":97652},[164,110216,110217],{},[394,110218,100113],{"href":98846},[164,110220,110221],{},[394,110222,11213],{"href":11024},[1872,110224,110225],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":110227},[110228,110229,110231,110232,110233,110234,110239,110247,110257],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":109229,"depth":75,"text":110230},"What set.remove() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":109480,"depth":75,"text":109481},{"id":109585,"depth":75,"text":110235,"children":110236},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110237,110238],{"id":34745,"depth":95,"text":55458},{"id":102690,"depth":95,"text":102623},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":110240},[110241,110243,110244,110246],{"id":109822,"depth":95,"text":110242},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109983,"depth":95,"text":109984},{"id":110120,"depth":95,"text":110245},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110141,"depth":95,"text":110142},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":110248},[110249,110251,110253,110255],{"id":110152,"depth":95,"text":110250},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110162,"depth":95,"text":110252},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110173,"depth":95,"text":110254},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110188,"depth":95,"text":110256},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109103,"description":110258},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110265,"title":110266,"body":110267,"description":111640,"extension":1921,"meta":111641,"navigation":98,"path":111642,"seo":111643,"stem":111644,"__hash__":111645},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110268,"toc":111615},[110269,110275,110281,110284,110287,110301,110303,110384,110387,110392,110396,110410,110417,110419,110438,110441,110459,110461,110541,110543,110568,110572,110575,110583,110588,110593,110595,110608,110613,110616,110640,110643,110651,110653,110656,110753,110755,110788,110790,110816,110823,110826,110830,110838,110842,110850,110852,110942,110944,110958,110965,110970,110975,110977,111068,111070,111082,111084,111098,111104,111112,111114,111196,111198,111243,111246,111254,111257,111259,111263,111306,111308,111328,111333,111335,111420,111422,111427,111429,111436,111444,111450,111453,111455,111541,111543,111567,111571,111574,111576,111603,111613],[10,110270,95969,110272,18],{"id":110271},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110273,110274],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110276,110277,110280],{},[15,110278,110279],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110282,110283],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110285,110286],{},"Use it when:",[161,110288,110289,110292,110298],{},[164,110290,110291],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[164,110293,110294,110295,110297],{},"you do ",[214,110296,4583],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[164,110299,110300],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110302,3570],{"id":3569},[35,110304,110306],{"className":37,"code":110305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110307,110308,110328,110348,110352,110371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110309,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110311,2511],{"class":50},[44,110313,55],{"class":54},[44,110315,10441],{"class":58},[44,110317,63],{"class":62},[44,110319,66],{"class":58},[44,110321,69],{"class":62},[44,110323,66],{"class":58},[44,110325,2408],{"class":62},[44,110327,9258],{"class":58},[44,110329,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110331,2539],{"class":50},[44,110333,55],{"class":54},[44,110335,10441],{"class":58},[44,110337,85],{"class":62},[44,110339,66],{"class":58},[44,110341,90],{"class":62},[44,110343,66],{"class":58},[44,110345,4557],{"class":62},[44,110347,9258],{"class":58},[44,110349,110350],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,110351,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110353,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110365,110367,110369],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110355,911],{"class":50},[44,110357,55],{"class":54},[44,110359,56813],{"class":50},[44,110361,108],{"class":58},[44,110363,110364],{"class":111},"symmetric_difference",[44,110366,115],{"class":58},[44,110368,4714],{"class":111},[44,110370,121],{"class":58},[44,110372,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,110374,128],{"class":127},[44,110376,115],{"class":58},[44,110378,943],{"class":111},[44,110380,1476],{"class":58},[44,110382,110383],{"class":140},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110385,110386],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110388,151,110390,154],{"id":110389},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110391,110274],{},[20,110393,110394,159],{},[15,110395,110279],{},[161,110397,110398,110401,110404,110407],{},[164,110399,110400],{},"returns a new set",[164,110402,110403],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[164,110405,110406],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[164,110408,110409],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110411,96093,110412,2837,110414,108],{},[394,110413,96097],{"href":96096},[394,110415,110416],{"href":96100},"creating a set in Python",[30,110418,188],{"id":187},[35,110420,110422],{"className":37,"code":110421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110423,110424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110427,100354],{"class":50},[44,110429,108],{"class":58},[44,110431,110364],{"class":111},[44,110433,115],{"class":58},[44,110435,100363],{"class":111},[44,110437,121],{"class":58},[20,110439,110440],{},"Notes:",[161,110442,110443,110448,110453,110456],{},[164,110444,110445,110447],{},[15,110446,100354],{}," must be a set",[164,110449,110450,110452],{},[15,110451,100363],{}," can be any iterable",[164,110454,110455],{},"the result is always a set",[164,110457,110458],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110460,2164],{},[35,110462,110464],{"className":37,"code":110463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110465,110466,110487,110508,110512,110531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110467,110468,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483,110485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110469,110470],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110472,55],{"class":54},[44,110474,10441],{"class":58},[44,110476,63],{"class":62},[44,110478,66],{"class":58},[44,110480,69],{"class":62},[44,110482,66],{"class":58},[44,110484,2408],{"class":62},[44,110486,9258],{"class":58},[44,110488,110489,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110490,110491],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110493,55],{"class":54},[44,110495,10441],{"class":58},[44,110497,85],{"class":62},[44,110499,66],{"class":58},[44,110501,90],{"class":62},[44,110503,66],{"class":58},[44,110505,4557],{"class":62},[44,110507,9258],{"class":58},[44,110509,110510],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,110511,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110513,110514,110516,110518,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110515,911],{"class":50},[44,110517,55],{"class":54},[44,110519,110520],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110522,108],{"class":58},[44,110524,110364],{"class":111},[44,110526,115],{"class":58},[44,110528,100363],{"class":111},[44,110530,121],{"class":58},[44,110532,110533,110535,110537,110539],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,110534,128],{"class":127},[44,110536,115],{"class":58},[44,110538,943],{"class":111},[44,110540,121],{"class":58},[20,110542,2028],{},[35,110544,110546],{"className":37,"code":110545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110547,110548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110549,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560,110562,110564,110566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110551,9227],{"class":58},[44,110553,63],{"class":62},[44,110555,66],{"class":58},[44,110557,69],{"class":62},[44,110559,66],{"class":58},[44,110561,90],{"class":62},[44,110563,66],{"class":58},[44,110565,4557],{"class":62},[44,110567,9258],{"class":58},[30,110569,110571],{"id":110570},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110573,110574],{},"The result includes:",[161,110576,110577,110580],{},[164,110578,110579],{},"items only in the first set",[164,110581,110582],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110584,110585,110586,11033],{},"The result does ",[214,110587,4583],{},[161,110589,110590],{},[164,110591,110592],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110594,1659],{},[161,110596,110597,110602],{},[164,110598,110599,110600],{},"first set: ",[15,110601,100051],{},[164,110603,110604,110605],{},"second set: ",[15,110606,110607],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110609,4006,110610,110612],{},[15,110611,85],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110614,110615],{},"The output is:",[35,110617,110618],{"className":37,"code":110545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110619,110620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110621,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636,110638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110623,9227],{"class":58},[44,110625,63],{"class":62},[44,110627,66],{"class":58},[44,110629,69],{"class":62},[44,110631,66],{"class":58},[44,110633,90],{"class":62},[44,110635,66],{"class":58},[44,110637,4557],{"class":62},[44,110639,9258],{"class":58},[20,110641,110642],{},"Also remember:",[161,110644,110645,110648],{},[164,110646,110647],{},"sets are unordered",[164,110649,110650],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110652,11425],{"id":11424},[20,110654,110655],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110657,110659],{"className":37,"code":110658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110660,110661,110693,110717,110721,110739,110743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110662,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110664,106794],{"class":50},[44,110666,55],{"class":54},[44,110668,10441],{"class":58},[44,110670,273],{"class":272},[44,110672,13043],{"class":276},[44,110674,273],{"class":272},[44,110676,66],{"class":58},[44,110678,284],{"class":272},[44,110680,13060],{"class":276},[44,110682,273],{"class":272},[44,110684,66],{"class":58},[44,110686,284],{"class":272},[44,110688,17405],{"class":276},[44,110690,273],{"class":272},[44,110692,9258],{"class":58},[44,110694,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110696,106827],{"class":50},[44,110698,55],{"class":54},[44,110700,10441],{"class":58},[44,110702,273],{"class":272},[44,110704,17405],{"class":276},[44,110706,273],{"class":272},[44,110708,66],{"class":58},[44,110710,284],{"class":272},[44,110712,22475],{"class":276},[44,110714,273],{"class":272},[44,110716,9258],{"class":58},[44,110718,110719],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,110720,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110724,911],{"class":50},[44,110726,55],{"class":54},[44,110728,106869],{"class":50},[44,110730,108],{"class":58},[44,110732,110364],{"class":111},[44,110734,115],{"class":58},[44,110736,106878],{"class":111},[44,110738,121],{"class":58},[44,110740,110741],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,110742,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,110746,128],{"class":127},[44,110748,115],{"class":58},[44,110750,943],{"class":111},[44,110752,121],{"class":58},[20,110754,2028],{},[35,110756,110758],{"className":37,"code":110757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110759,110760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110761,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110763,9227],{"class":58},[44,110765,3259],{"class":272},[44,110767,13043],{"class":276},[44,110769,3259],{"class":272},[44,110771,66],{"class":58},[44,110773,3254],{"class":272},[44,110775,13060],{"class":276},[44,110777,3259],{"class":272},[44,110779,66],{"class":58},[44,110781,3254],{"class":272},[44,110783,22475],{"class":276},[44,110785,3259],{"class":272},[44,110787,9258],{"class":58},[20,110789,13360],{},[161,110791,110792,110797,110808],{},[164,110793,110794,110796],{},[15,110795,96262],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[164,110798,110799,398,110801,110804,110805,110807],{},[15,110800,65158],{},[15,110802,110803],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110806,106931],{},", so they stay",[164,110809,110810,110812,110813,110815],{},[15,110811,109570],{}," is only in ",[15,110814,106878],{},", so it stays",[30,110817,110819,408,110821],{"id":110818},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110820,110274],{},[15,110822,100183],{},[20,110824,110825],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110827,110828,159],{},[15,110829,100183],{},[161,110831,110832,110835],{},[164,110833,110834],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[164,110836,110837],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110839,110840,159],{},[15,110841,110274],{},[161,110843,110844,110847],{},[164,110845,110846],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[164,110848,110849],{},"removes shared items",[20,110851,2164],{},[35,110853,110855],{"className":37,"code":110854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110856,110857,110877,110897,110901,110922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110858,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110860,2511],{"class":50},[44,110862,55],{"class":54},[44,110864,10441],{"class":58},[44,110866,63],{"class":62},[44,110868,66],{"class":58},[44,110870,69],{"class":62},[44,110872,66],{"class":58},[44,110874,2408],{"class":62},[44,110876,9258],{"class":58},[44,110878,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,110880,2539],{"class":50},[44,110882,55],{"class":54},[44,110884,10441],{"class":58},[44,110886,85],{"class":62},[44,110888,66],{"class":58},[44,110890,90],{"class":62},[44,110892,66],{"class":58},[44,110894,4557],{"class":62},[44,110896,9258],{"class":58},[44,110898,110899],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,110900,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,110902,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110904,128],{"class":127},[44,110906,115],{"class":58},[44,110908,394],{"class":111},[44,110910,108],{"class":58},[44,110912,2769],{"class":111},[44,110914,115],{"class":58},[44,110916,4714],{"class":111},[44,110918,5315],{"class":58},[44,110920,110921],{"class":140},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110923,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,110925,128],{"class":127},[44,110927,115],{"class":58},[44,110929,394],{"class":111},[44,110931,108],{"class":58},[44,110933,110364],{"class":111},[44,110935,115],{"class":58},[44,110937,4714],{"class":111},[44,110939,5315],{"class":58},[44,110941,110383],{"class":140},[20,110943,552],{},[161,110945,110946,110953],{},[164,110947,110948,110952],{},[394,110949,110950],{"href":102609},[15,110951,100183],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[164,110954,110955,110957],{},[15,110956,110274],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,110959,110961,408,110963],{"id":110960},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110962,110274],{},[15,110964,102568],{},[20,110966,110967,110969],{},[15,110968,102568],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110971,110972,110974],{},[15,110973,110274],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110976,2164],{},[35,110978,110980],{"className":37,"code":110979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110981,110982,111002,111022,111026,111048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110983,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110985,2511],{"class":50},[44,110987,55],{"class":54},[44,110989,10441],{"class":58},[44,110991,63],{"class":62},[44,110993,66],{"class":58},[44,110995,69],{"class":62},[44,110997,66],{"class":58},[44,110999,2408],{"class":62},[44,111001,9258],{"class":58},[44,111003,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111005,2539],{"class":50},[44,111007,55],{"class":54},[44,111009,10441],{"class":58},[44,111011,85],{"class":62},[44,111013,66],{"class":58},[44,111015,90],{"class":62},[44,111017,66],{"class":58},[44,111019,4557],{"class":62},[44,111021,9258],{"class":58},[44,111023,111024],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111025,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111039,111041,111043,111045],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111029,128],{"class":127},[44,111031,115],{"class":58},[44,111033,394],{"class":111},[44,111035,108],{"class":58},[44,111037,111038],{"class":111},"union",[44,111040,115],{"class":58},[44,111042,4714],{"class":111},[44,111044,5315],{"class":58},[44,111046,111047],{"class":140},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111049,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111051,128],{"class":127},[44,111053,115],{"class":58},[44,111055,394],{"class":111},[44,111057,108],{"class":58},[44,111059,110364],{"class":111},[44,111061,115],{"class":58},[44,111063,4714],{"class":111},[44,111065,5315],{"class":58},[44,111067,110383],{"class":140},[20,111069,27172],{},[161,111071,111072,111077],{},[164,111073,111074,111076],{},[15,111075,102568],{}," includes everything",[164,111078,111079,111081],{},[15,111080,110274],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111083,552],{},[161,111085,111086,111093],{},[164,111087,111088,111092],{},[394,111089,111090],{"href":107499},[15,111091,102568],{}," when overlap does not matter",[164,111094,111095,111097],{},[15,111096,110274],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,111099,36562,111101,101367],{"id":111100},"using-the-operator",[15,111102,111103],{},"^",[20,111105,111106,111107,111109,111110,108],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111108,111103],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111111,110274],{},[20,111113,2164],{},[35,111115,111117],{"className":37,"code":111116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111118,111119,111139,111159,111163,111181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111120,111121,111123,111125,111127,111129,111131,111133,111135,111137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111122,110470],{"class":50},[44,111124,55],{"class":54},[44,111126,10441],{"class":58},[44,111128,63],{"class":62},[44,111130,66],{"class":58},[44,111132,69],{"class":62},[44,111134,66],{"class":58},[44,111136,2408],{"class":62},[44,111138,9258],{"class":58},[44,111140,111141,111143,111145,111147,111149,111151,111153,111155,111157],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111142,110491],{"class":50},[44,111144,55],{"class":54},[44,111146,10441],{"class":58},[44,111148,85],{"class":62},[44,111150,66],{"class":58},[44,111152,90],{"class":62},[44,111154,66],{"class":58},[44,111156,4557],{"class":62},[44,111158,9258],{"class":58},[44,111160,111161],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111162,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111166,128],{"class":127},[44,111168,115],{"class":58},[44,111170,100354],{"class":111},[44,111172,108],{"class":58},[44,111174,110364],{"class":111},[44,111176,115],{"class":58},[44,111178,100363],{"class":111},[44,111180,637],{"class":58},[44,111182,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111194],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111184,128],{"class":127},[44,111186,115],{"class":58},[44,111188,110470],{"class":111},[44,111190,111103],{"class":54},[44,111192,111193],{"class":111}," set2",[44,111195,121],{"class":58},[20,111197,29981],{},[35,111199,111201],{"className":37,"code":111200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111202,111203,111223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111204,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111206,9227],{"class":58},[44,111208,63],{"class":62},[44,111210,66],{"class":58},[44,111212,69],{"class":62},[44,111214,66],{"class":58},[44,111216,90],{"class":62},[44,111218,66],{"class":58},[44,111220,4557],{"class":62},[44,111222,9258],{"class":58},[44,111224,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111226,9227],{"class":58},[44,111228,63],{"class":62},[44,111230,66],{"class":58},[44,111232,69],{"class":62},[44,111234,66],{"class":58},[44,111236,90],{"class":62},[44,111238,66],{"class":58},[44,111240,4557],{"class":62},[44,111242,9258],{"class":58},[20,111244,111245],{},"Both forms:",[161,111247,111248,111251],{},[164,111249,111250],{},"return a new set",[164,111252,111253],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111255,111256],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111258,1083],{"id":1082},[20,111260,21162,111261,159],{},[15,111262,110274],{},[161,111264,111265,111273,111283,111298],{},[164,111266,111267,111270,111272],{},[214,111268,111269],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9796,111271],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[164,111274,111275,111278,111280,111282],{},[214,111276,111277],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9796,111279],{},[15,111281,110274],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[164,111284,111285,111290,111292,111294,111295,111297],{},[214,111286,111287,111288],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111289,100183],{},[9796,111291],{},[15,111293,100183],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111296,110274],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[164,111299,111300,111303,111305],{},[214,111301,111302],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9796,111304],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111307,58785],{},[161,111309,111310,111319,111322,111325],{},[164,111311,50442,111312,1170,111314,111318],{},[15,111313,110274],{},[394,111315,111316],{"href":107499},[15,111317,102568],{}," is actually needed",[164,111320,111321],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[164,111323,111324],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[164,111326,111327],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111329,111330,111331,108],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[394,111332,98847],{"href":105112},[20,111334,1433],{},[35,111336,111338],{"className":37,"code":111337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111339,111340,111350,111360,111378,111392,111406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111341,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111343,128],{"class":127},[44,111345,115],{"class":58},[44,111347,100354],{"class":111},[44,111349,121],{"class":58},[44,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111353,128],{"class":127},[44,111355,115],{"class":58},[44,111357,100363],{"class":111},[44,111359,121],{"class":58},[44,111361,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111363,128],{"class":127},[44,111365,115],{"class":58},[44,111367,100354],{"class":111},[44,111369,108],{"class":58},[44,111371,110364],{"class":111},[44,111373,115],{"class":58},[44,111375,100363],{"class":111},[44,111377,637],{"class":58},[44,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111381,128],{"class":127},[44,111383,115],{"class":58},[44,111385,110470],{"class":111},[44,111387,111103],{"class":54},[44,111389,111193],{"class":111},[44,111391,121],{"class":58},[44,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111395,128],{"class":127},[44,111397,115],{"class":58},[44,111399,1459],{"class":1458},[44,111401,115],{"class":58},[44,111403,100354],{"class":111},[44,111405,637],{"class":58},[44,111407,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,111409,128],{"class":127},[44,111411,115],{"class":58},[44,111413,1459],{"class":1458},[44,111415,115],{"class":58},[44,111417,100363],{"class":111},[44,111419,637],{"class":58},[30,111421,1757],{"id":1756},[420,111423,1761,111425,102508],{"id":111424},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111426,110274],{},[20,111428,102511],{},[420,111430,1773,111432,398,111434,1778],{"id":111431},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111433,110274],{},[15,111435,100183],{},[20,111437,111438,111440,111441,111443],{},[15,111439,100183],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111442,110274],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[420,111445,1790,111447,111449],{"id":111446},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111448,110274],{}," with lists?",[20,111451,111452],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111454,2164],{},[35,111456,111458],{"className":37,"code":111457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111459,111460,111480,111500,111504,111531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111461,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111463,80424],{"class":50},[44,111465,55],{"class":54},[44,111467,59],{"class":58},[44,111469,63],{"class":62},[44,111471,66],{"class":58},[44,111473,69],{"class":62},[44,111475,66],{"class":58},[44,111477,2408],{"class":62},[44,111479,72],{"class":58},[44,111481,111482,111484,111486,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111483,80445],{"class":50},[44,111485,55],{"class":54},[44,111487,59],{"class":58},[44,111489,85],{"class":62},[44,111491,66],{"class":58},[44,111493,90],{"class":62},[44,111495,66],{"class":58},[44,111497,4557],{"class":62},[44,111499,72],{"class":58},[44,111501,111502],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111503,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111507,911],{"class":50},[44,111509,55],{"class":54},[44,111511,15582],{"class":1458},[44,111513,115],{"class":58},[44,111515,111516],{"class":111},"list1",[44,111518,8578],{"class":58},[44,111520,110364],{"class":111},[44,111522,115],{"class":58},[44,111524,236],{"class":1458},[44,111526,115],{"class":58},[44,111528,80711],{"class":111},[44,111530,637],{"class":58},[44,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111534,128],{"class":127},[44,111536,115],{"class":58},[44,111538,943],{"class":111},[44,111540,121],{"class":58},[20,111542,2028],{},[35,111544,111545],{"className":37,"code":110545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111546,111547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111548,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111550,9227],{"class":58},[44,111552,63],{"class":62},[44,111554,66],{"class":58},[44,111556,69],{"class":62},[44,111558,66],{"class":58},[44,111560,90],{"class":62},[44,111562,66],{"class":58},[44,111564,4557],{"class":62},[44,111566,9258],{"class":58},[420,111568,111570],{"id":111569},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111572,111573],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111575,1821],{"id":1820},[161,111577,111578,111582,111587,111593,111599],{},[164,111579,111580],{},[394,111581,96097],{"href":96096},[164,111583,111584],{},[394,111585,111586],{"href":96100},"Creating a set in Python",[164,111588,111589],{},[394,111590,96583,111591,574],{"href":102609},[15,111592,100183],{},[164,111594,111595],{},[394,111596,96583,111597,574],{"href":107499},[15,111598,102568],{},[164,111600,111601],{},[394,111602,100113],{"href":105112},[20,111604,111605,111606,798,111608,802,111610,111612],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111607,100183],{},[15,111609,102568],{},[15,111611,110274],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1872,111614,57164],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":111616},[111617,111618,111620,111621,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111630,111639],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":110389,"depth":75,"text":111619},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":110570,"depth":75,"text":110571},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":110818,"depth":75,"text":111624},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110960,"depth":75,"text":111626},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111100,"depth":75,"text":111628},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":111631},[111632,111634,111636,111638],{"id":111424,"depth":95,"text":111633},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111431,"depth":95,"text":111635},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111446,"depth":95,"text":111637},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111569,"depth":95,"text":111570},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110266,"description":111640},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111647,"title":111648,"body":111649,"description":113712,"extension":1921,"meta":113713,"navigation":98,"path":107499,"seo":113714,"stem":113715,"__hash__":113716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111650,"toc":113671},[111651,111656,111661,111664,111677,111679,111761,111766,111771,111775,111787,111790,111794,111796,111823,111825,111836,111839,111908,111910,111916,111919,111929,111931,112020,112025,112027,112034,112037,112039,112042,112162,112164,112233,112236,112253,112258,112261,112377,112379,112408,112411,112417,112422,112426,112507,112509,112537,112542,112546,112641,112643,112684,112688,112691,112758,112760,112801,112807,112822,112829,112836,112840,112846,112932,112936,112944,113015,113020,113027,113029,113035,113037,113102,113104,113120,113125,113128,113197,113201,113204,113263,113266,113270,113323,113336,113339,113392,113396,113398,113429,113432,113437,113490,113494,113497,113518,113530,113532,113585,113587,113592,113594,113600,113603,113609,113614,113618,113621,113629,113638,113640,113668],[10,111652,3536,111654,18],{"id":111653},"python-setunion-method",[15,111655,107812],{},[20,111657,111658,111660],{},[15,111659,107812],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111662,111663],{},"It is useful when you want:",[161,111665,111666,111669,111674],{},[164,111667,111668],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[164,111670,2511,111671,111673],{},[214,111672,100538],{}," as the result",[164,111675,111676],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111678,33],{"id":32},[35,111680,111682],{"className":37,"code":111681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111683,111684,111704,111724,111728,111746,111756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111685,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700,111702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111687,110470],{"class":50},[44,111689,55],{"class":54},[44,111691,10441],{"class":58},[44,111693,63],{"class":62},[44,111695,66],{"class":58},[44,111697,69],{"class":62},[44,111699,66],{"class":58},[44,111701,2408],{"class":62},[44,111703,9258],{"class":58},[44,111705,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111707,110491],{"class":50},[44,111709,55],{"class":54},[44,111711,10441],{"class":58},[44,111713,85],{"class":62},[44,111715,66],{"class":58},[44,111717,90],{"class":62},[44,111719,66],{"class":58},[44,111721,4557],{"class":62},[44,111723,9258],{"class":58},[44,111725,111726],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111727,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111731,911],{"class":50},[44,111733,55],{"class":54},[44,111735,110520],{"class":50},[44,111737,108],{"class":58},[44,111739,111038],{"class":111},[44,111741,115],{"class":58},[44,111743,100363],{"class":111},[44,111745,121],{"class":58},[44,111747,111748,111750,111752,111754],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111749,128],{"class":127},[44,111751,115],{"class":58},[44,111753,943],{"class":111},[44,111755,121],{"class":58},[44,111757,111758],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,111759,111760],{"class":140},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111762,111763,111765],{},[15,111764,102568],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111767,151,111769,154],{"id":111768},"what-setunion-does",[15,111770,107812],{},[20,111772,111773,159],{},[15,111774,107812],{},[161,111776,111777,111780,111783,111785],{},[164,111778,111779],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[164,111781,111782],{},"keeps only unique values",[164,111784,110400],{},[164,111786,110409],{},[20,111788,111789],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111791,96093,111792,108],{},[394,111793,96097],{"href":97268},[30,111795,188],{"id":187},[35,111797,111799],{"className":37,"code":111798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111800,111801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111802,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111804,100354],{"class":50},[44,111806,108],{"class":58},[44,111808,111038],{"class":111},[44,111810,115],{"class":58},[44,111812,100363],{"class":111},[44,111814,66],{"class":58},[44,111816,100390],{"class":111},[44,111818,66],{"class":58},[44,111820,34404],{"class":127},[44,111822,121],{"class":58},[20,111824,13002],{},[161,111826,111827,111830,111833],{},[164,111828,111829],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[164,111831,111832],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[164,111834,111835],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111837,111838],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111840,111842],{"className":37,"code":111841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111843,111844,111860,111876,111880,111898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111845,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111847,2511],{"class":50},[44,111849,55],{"class":54},[44,111851,10441],{"class":58},[44,111853,63],{"class":62},[44,111855,66],{"class":58},[44,111857,69],{"class":62},[44,111859,9258],{"class":58},[44,111861,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111863,2539],{"class":50},[44,111865,55],{"class":54},[44,111867,10441],{"class":58},[44,111869,801],{"class":62},[44,111871,66],{"class":58},[44,111873,2408],{"class":62},[44,111875,9258],{"class":58},[44,111877,111878],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111879,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111881,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111883,911],{"class":50},[44,111885,55],{"class":54},[44,111887,56813],{"class":50},[44,111889,108],{"class":58},[44,111891,111038],{"class":111},[44,111893,115],{"class":58},[44,111895,4714],{"class":111},[44,111897,121],{"class":58},[44,111899,111900,111902,111904,111906],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111901,128],{"class":127},[44,111903,115],{"class":58},[44,111905,943],{"class":111},[44,111907,121],{"class":58},[30,111909,21921],{"id":21920},[20,111911,111912,100535,111914,108],{},[15,111913,107812],{},[214,111915,100538],{},[20,111917,111918],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[161,111920,111921,111924],{},[164,111922,111923],{},"the original set",[164,111925,111926,111927],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111928,102568],{},[20,111930,2164],{},[35,111932,111934],{"className":37,"code":111933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111935,111936,111952,111968,111972,111990,111994,112007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111937,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111939,2511],{"class":50},[44,111941,55],{"class":54},[44,111943,10441],{"class":58},[44,111945,63],{"class":62},[44,111947,66],{"class":58},[44,111949,69],{"class":62},[44,111951,9258],{"class":58},[44,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111962,111964,111966],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,111955,2539],{"class":50},[44,111957,55],{"class":54},[44,111959,10441],{"class":58},[44,111961,801],{"class":62},[44,111963,66],{"class":58},[44,111965,2408],{"class":62},[44,111967,9258],{"class":58},[44,111969,111970],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,111971,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111973,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111975,911],{"class":50},[44,111977,55],{"class":54},[44,111979,56813],{"class":50},[44,111981,108],{"class":58},[44,111983,111038],{"class":111},[44,111985,115],{"class":58},[44,111987,4714],{"class":111},[44,111989,121],{"class":58},[44,111991,111992],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,111993,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,111995,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,111997,128],{"class":127},[44,111999,115],{"class":58},[44,112001,943],{"class":111},[44,112003,1476],{"class":58},[44,112005,112006],{"class":140},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112008,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,112010,128],{"class":127},[44,112012,115],{"class":58},[44,112014,394],{"class":111},[44,112016,1476],{"class":58},[44,112018,112019],{"class":140},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112021,2242,112022,112024],{},[15,112023,394],{}," did not change.",[20,112026,110642],{},[161,112028,112029,112031],{},[164,112030,110647],{},[164,112032,112033],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112035,112036],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,112038,11425],{"id":11424},[20,112040,112041],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,112043,112045],{"className":37,"code":112044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112046,112047,112080,112113,112117,112137,112141,112151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112048,112049,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112050,112051],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,112053,55],{"class":54},[44,112055,10441],{"class":58},[44,112057,273],{"class":272},[44,112059,277],{"class":276},[44,112061,273],{"class":272},[44,112063,66],{"class":58},[44,112065,284],{"class":272},[44,112067,287],{"class":276},[44,112069,273],{"class":272},[44,112071,66],{"class":58},[44,112073,284],{"class":272},[44,112075,305],{"class":276},[44,112077,273],{"class":272},[44,112079,9258],{"class":58},[44,112081,112082,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112083,112084],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,112086,55],{"class":54},[44,112088,10441],{"class":58},[44,112090,273],{"class":272},[44,112092,287],{"class":276},[44,112094,273],{"class":272},[44,112096,66],{"class":58},[44,112098,284],{"class":272},[44,112100,314],{"class":276},[44,112102,273],{"class":272},[44,112104,66],{"class":58},[44,112106,284],{"class":272},[44,112108,305],{"class":276},[44,112110,273],{"class":272},[44,112112,9258],{"class":58},[44,112114,112115],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112116,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112118,112119,112121,112123,112126,112128,112130,112132,112135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112120,911],{"class":50},[44,112122,55],{"class":54},[44,112124,112125],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112127,108],{"class":58},[44,112129,111038],{"class":111},[44,112131,115],{"class":58},[44,112133,112134],{"class":111},"fruits2",[44,112136,121],{"class":58},[44,112138,112139],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,112140,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112142,112143,112145,112147,112149],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,112144,128],{"class":127},[44,112146,115],{"class":58},[44,112148,943],{"class":111},[44,112150,121],{"class":58},[44,112152,112153,112155,112157,112160],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,112154,128],{"class":127},[44,112156,115],{"class":58},[44,112158,112159],{"class":111},"fruits1",[44,112161,121],{"class":58},[20,112163,29981],{},[35,112165,112167],{"className":37,"code":112166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112168,112169,112205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112170,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112172,9227],{"class":58},[44,112174,3259],{"class":272},[44,112176,287],{"class":276},[44,112178,3259],{"class":272},[44,112180,66],{"class":58},[44,112182,3254],{"class":272},[44,112184,305],{"class":276},[44,112186,3259],{"class":272},[44,112188,66],{"class":58},[44,112190,3254],{"class":272},[44,112192,277],{"class":276},[44,112194,3259],{"class":272},[44,112196,66],{"class":58},[44,112198,3254],{"class":272},[44,112200,314],{"class":276},[44,112202,3259],{"class":272},[44,112204,9258],{"class":58},[44,112206,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112208,9227],{"class":58},[44,112210,3259],{"class":272},[44,112212,287],{"class":276},[44,112214,3259],{"class":272},[44,112216,66],{"class":58},[44,112218,3254],{"class":272},[44,112220,305],{"class":276},[44,112222,3259],{"class":272},[44,112224,66],{"class":58},[44,112226,3254],{"class":272},[44,112228,277],{"class":276},[44,112230,3259],{"class":272},[44,112232,9258],{"class":58},[20,112234,112235],{},"What this shows:",[161,112237,112238,112245,112248],{},[164,112239,112240,398,112242,112244],{},[15,112241,65040],{},[15,112243,65467],{}," appear in both sets",[164,112246,112247],{},"they appear only once in the result",[164,112249,112250,112252],{},[15,112251,112159],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112254,582,112256,100927],{"id":112255},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112257,102568],{},[20,112259,112260],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112262,112264],{"className":37,"code":112263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112265,112266,112282,112298,112315,112332,112336,112363,112367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112269,110470],{"class":50},[44,112271,55],{"class":54},[44,112273,10441],{"class":58},[44,112275,63],{"class":62},[44,112277,66],{"class":58},[44,112279,69],{"class":62},[44,112281,9258],{"class":58},[44,112283,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112285,110491],{"class":50},[44,112287,55],{"class":54},[44,112289,10441],{"class":58},[44,112291,801],{"class":62},[44,112293,66],{"class":58},[44,112295,2408],{"class":62},[44,112297,9258],{"class":58},[44,112299,112300,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112301,112302],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112304,55],{"class":54},[44,112306,10441],{"class":58},[44,112308,85],{"class":62},[44,112310,66],{"class":58},[44,112312,90],{"class":62},[44,112314,9258],{"class":58},[44,112316,112317,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112318,112319],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112321,55],{"class":54},[44,112323,10441],{"class":58},[44,112325,2461],{"class":62},[44,112327,66],{"class":58},[44,112329,4557],{"class":62},[44,112331,9258],{"class":58},[44,112333,112334],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,112335,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112361],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,112339,911],{"class":50},[44,112341,55],{"class":54},[44,112343,110520],{"class":50},[44,112345,108],{"class":58},[44,112347,111038],{"class":111},[44,112349,115],{"class":58},[44,112351,100363],{"class":111},[44,112353,66],{"class":58},[44,112355,100390],{"class":111},[44,112357,66],{"class":58},[44,112359,112360],{"class":111}," set4",[44,112362,121],{"class":58},[44,112364,112365],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,112366,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112368,112369,112371,112373,112375],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,112370,128],{"class":127},[44,112372,115],{"class":58},[44,112374,943],{"class":111},[44,112376,121],{"class":58},[20,112378,29981],{},[35,112380,112382],{"className":37,"code":112381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112383,112384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112387,9227],{"class":58},[44,112389,63],{"class":62},[44,112391,66],{"class":58},[44,112393,69],{"class":62},[44,112395,66],{"class":58},[44,112397,2408],{"class":62},[44,112399,66],{"class":58},[44,112401,90],{"class":62},[44,112403,66],{"class":58},[44,112405,4557],{"class":62},[44,112407,9258],{"class":58},[20,112409,112410],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112412,582,112414,112416],{"id":112413},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112415,102568],{}," with other iterables",[20,112418,112419,112421],{},[15,112420,102568],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[420,112423,112425],{"id":112424},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112427,112429],{"className":37,"code":112428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112430,112431,112451,112475,112479,112497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112432,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112434,51],{"class":50},[44,112436,55],{"class":54},[44,112438,10441],{"class":58},[44,112440,63],{"class":62},[44,112442,66],{"class":58},[44,112444,69],{"class":62},[44,112446,66],{"class":58},[44,112448,2408],{"class":62},[44,112450,9258],{"class":58},[44,112452,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112454,78],{"class":50},[44,112456,55],{"class":54},[44,112458,59],{"class":58},[44,112460,85],{"class":62},[44,112462,66],{"class":58},[44,112464,90],{"class":62},[44,112466,66],{"class":58},[44,112468,4557],{"class":62},[44,112470,66],{"class":58},[44,112472,4557],{"class":62},[44,112474,72],{"class":58},[44,112476,112477],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112478,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112480,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112482,911],{"class":50},[44,112484,55],{"class":54},[44,112486,916],{"class":50},[44,112488,108],{"class":58},[44,112490,111038],{"class":111},[44,112492,115],{"class":58},[44,112494,118],{"class":111},[44,112496,121],{"class":58},[44,112498,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,112500,128],{"class":127},[44,112502,115],{"class":58},[44,112504,943],{"class":111},[44,112506,121],{"class":58},[20,112508,29981],{},[35,112510,112511],{"className":37,"code":112381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112512,112513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112514,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112516,9227],{"class":58},[44,112518,63],{"class":62},[44,112520,66],{"class":58},[44,112522,69],{"class":62},[44,112524,66],{"class":58},[44,112526,2408],{"class":62},[44,112528,66],{"class":58},[44,112530,90],{"class":62},[44,112532,66],{"class":58},[44,112534,4557],{"class":62},[44,112536,9258],{"class":58},[20,112538,20928,112539,112541],{},[15,112540,1410],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[420,112543,112545],{"id":112544},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112547,112549],{"className":37,"code":112548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112550,112551,112575,112608,112612,112631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112552,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112554,672],{"class":50},[44,112556,55],{"class":54},[44,112558,10441],{"class":58},[44,112560,273],{"class":272},[44,112562,394],{"class":276},[44,112564,273],{"class":272},[44,112566,66],{"class":58},[44,112568,284],{"class":272},[44,112570,4714],{"class":276},[44,112572,273],{"class":272},[44,112574,9258],{"class":58},[44,112576,112577,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112578,112579],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112581,55],{"class":54},[44,112583,9185],{"class":58},[44,112585,273],{"class":272},[44,112587,4714],{"class":276},[44,112589,273],{"class":272},[44,112591,66],{"class":58},[44,112593,284],{"class":272},[44,112595,9689],{"class":276},[44,112597,273],{"class":272},[44,112599,66],{"class":58},[44,112601,284],{"class":272},[44,112603,18717],{"class":276},[44,112605,273],{"class":272},[44,112607,121],{"class":58},[44,112609,112610],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112611,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112613,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112615,911],{"class":50},[44,112617,55],{"class":54},[44,112619,69862],{"class":50},[44,112621,108],{"class":58},[44,112623,111038],{"class":111},[44,112625,115],{"class":58},[44,112627,112628],{"class":111},"more_letters",[44,112630,121],{"class":58},[44,112632,112633,112635,112637,112639],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,112634,128],{"class":127},[44,112636,115],{"class":58},[44,112638,943],{"class":111},[44,112640,121],{"class":58},[20,112642,29981],{},[35,112644,112646],{"className":37,"code":112645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112647,112648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112649,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112651,9227],{"class":58},[44,112653,3259],{"class":272},[44,112655,394],{"class":276},[44,112657,3259],{"class":272},[44,112659,66],{"class":58},[44,112661,3254],{"class":272},[44,112663,4714],{"class":276},[44,112665,3259],{"class":272},[44,112667,66],{"class":58},[44,112669,3254],{"class":272},[44,112671,9689],{"class":276},[44,112673,3259],{"class":272},[44,112675,66],{"class":58},[44,112677,3254],{"class":272},[44,112679,18717],{"class":276},[44,112681,3259],{"class":272},[44,112683,9258],{"class":58},[420,112685,112687],{"id":112686},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112689,112690],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112692,112694],{"className":37,"code":112693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112695,112696,112721,112744,112748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112697,112698,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112699,112700],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112702,55],{"class":54},[44,112704,10441],{"class":58},[44,112706,273],{"class":272},[44,112708,394],{"class":276},[44,112710,273],{"class":272},[44,112712,66],{"class":58},[44,112714,284],{"class":272},[44,112716,4714],{"class":276},[44,112718,273],{"class":272},[44,112720,9258],{"class":58},[44,112722,112723,112725,112727,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112724,911],{"class":50},[44,112726,55],{"class":54},[44,112728,112729],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112731,108],{"class":58},[44,112733,111038],{"class":111},[44,112735,115],{"class":58},[44,112737,273],{"class":272},[44,112739,36997],{"class":276},[44,112741,273],{"class":272},[44,112743,121],{"class":58},[44,112745,112746],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112747,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112749,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112751,128],{"class":127},[44,112753,115],{"class":58},[44,112755,943],{"class":111},[44,112757,121],{"class":58},[20,112759,29981],{},[35,112761,112763],{"className":37,"code":112762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112764,112765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112766,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112768,9227],{"class":58},[44,112770,3259],{"class":272},[44,112772,394],{"class":276},[44,112774,3259],{"class":272},[44,112776,66],{"class":58},[44,112778,3254],{"class":272},[44,112780,4714],{"class":276},[44,112782,3259],{"class":272},[44,112784,66],{"class":58},[44,112786,3254],{"class":272},[44,112788,9689],{"class":276},[44,112790,3259],{"class":272},[44,112792,66],{"class":58},[44,112794,3254],{"class":272},[44,112796,63052],{"class":276},[44,112798,3259],{"class":272},[44,112800,9258],{"class":58},[20,112802,22140,112803,112806],{},[15,112804,112805],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[161,112808,112809,112813,112817],{},[164,112810,112811],{},[15,112812,66247],{},[164,112814,112815],{},[15,112816,18046],{},[164,112818,112819],{},[15,112820,112821],{},"\"t\"",[30,112823,112825,408,112827],{"id":112824},"union-vs-update",[15,112826,102568],{},[15,112828,14902],{},[20,112830,112831,398,112833,112835],{},[15,112832,102568],{},[15,112834,14902],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[420,112837,112838],{"id":111038},[15,112839,102568],{},[161,112841,112842,112844],{},[164,112843,110400],{},[164,112845,110409],{},[35,112847,112848],{"className":37,"code":111933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112849,112850,112866,112882,112886,112904,112908,112920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112851,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112853,2511],{"class":50},[44,112855,55],{"class":54},[44,112857,10441],{"class":58},[44,112859,63],{"class":62},[44,112861,66],{"class":58},[44,112863,69],{"class":62},[44,112865,9258],{"class":58},[44,112867,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112869,2539],{"class":50},[44,112871,55],{"class":54},[44,112873,10441],{"class":58},[44,112875,801],{"class":62},[44,112877,66],{"class":58},[44,112879,2408],{"class":62},[44,112881,9258],{"class":58},[44,112883,112884],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112885,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112887,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112889,911],{"class":50},[44,112891,55],{"class":54},[44,112893,56813],{"class":50},[44,112895,108],{"class":58},[44,112897,111038],{"class":111},[44,112899,115],{"class":58},[44,112901,4714],{"class":111},[44,112903,121],{"class":58},[44,112905,112906],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,112907,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112909,112910,112912,112914,112916,112918],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,112911,128],{"class":127},[44,112913,115],{"class":58},[44,112915,943],{"class":111},[44,112917,1476],{"class":58},[44,112919,112006],{"class":140},[44,112921,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,112923,128],{"class":127},[44,112925,115],{"class":58},[44,112927,394],{"class":111},[44,112929,1476],{"class":58},[44,112931,112019],{"class":140},[420,112933,112934],{"id":30416},[15,112935,14902],{},[161,112937,112938,112941],{},[164,112939,112940],{},"changes the existing set in place",[164,112942,112943],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112945,112947],{"className":37,"code":112946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112948,112949,112965,112981,112985,112999,113003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112950,112951,112953,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112952,2511],{"class":50},[44,112954,55],{"class":54},[44,112956,10441],{"class":58},[44,112958,63],{"class":62},[44,112960,66],{"class":58},[44,112962,69],{"class":62},[44,112964,9258],{"class":58},[44,112966,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,112968,2539],{"class":50},[44,112970,55],{"class":54},[44,112972,10441],{"class":58},[44,112974,801],{"class":62},[44,112976,66],{"class":58},[44,112978,2408],{"class":62},[44,112980,9258],{"class":58},[44,112982,112983],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,112984,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,112986,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112988,394],{"class":50},[44,112990,108],{"class":58},[44,112992,30416],{"class":111},[44,112994,115],{"class":58},[44,112996,4714],{"class":111},[44,112998,121],{"class":58},[44,113000,113001],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,113002,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,113006,128],{"class":127},[44,113008,115],{"class":58},[44,113010,394],{"class":111},[44,113012,1476],{"class":58},[44,113014,112006],{"class":140},[20,113016,144,113017,113019],{},[15,113018,102568],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113021,113022,113023,108],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[394,113024,3536,113025,574],{"href":98288},[15,113026,97083],{},[30,113028,1083],{"id":1082},[420,113030,8399,113032,113034],{"id":113031},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113033,102568],{}," to change the original set",[20,113036,81593],{},[35,113038,113040],{"className":37,"code":113039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113041,113042,113058,113074,113078,113092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113043,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113045,2511],{"class":50},[44,113047,55],{"class":54},[44,113049,10441],{"class":58},[44,113051,63],{"class":62},[44,113053,66],{"class":58},[44,113055,69],{"class":62},[44,113057,9258],{"class":58},[44,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113061,2539],{"class":50},[44,113063,55],{"class":54},[44,113065,10441],{"class":58},[44,113067,801],{"class":62},[44,113069,66],{"class":58},[44,113071,2408],{"class":62},[44,113073,9258],{"class":58},[44,113075,113076],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113077,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113081,394],{"class":50},[44,113083,108],{"class":58},[44,113085,111038],{"class":111},[44,113087,115],{"class":58},[44,113089,4714],{"class":111},[44,113091,121],{"class":58},[44,113093,113094,113096,113098,113100],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,113095,128],{"class":127},[44,113097,115],{"class":58},[44,113099,394],{"class":111},[44,113101,121],{"class":58},[20,113103,2028],{},[35,113105,113106],{"className":37,"code":100276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113107,113108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113109,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113111,9227],{"class":58},[44,113113,63],{"class":62},[44,113115,66],{"class":58},[44,113117,69],{"class":62},[44,113119,9258],{"class":58},[20,113121,8442,113122,113124],{},[15,113123,102568],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113126,113127],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113129,113131],{"className":37,"code":113130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113132,113133,113149,113165,113169,113187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113134,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113136,2511],{"class":50},[44,113138,55],{"class":54},[44,113140,10441],{"class":58},[44,113142,63],{"class":62},[44,113144,66],{"class":58},[44,113146,69],{"class":62},[44,113148,9258],{"class":58},[44,113150,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113152,2539],{"class":50},[44,113154,55],{"class":54},[44,113156,10441],{"class":58},[44,113158,801],{"class":62},[44,113160,66],{"class":58},[44,113162,2408],{"class":62},[44,113164,9258],{"class":58},[44,113166,113167],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113168,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,113170,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113172,2511],{"class":50},[44,113174,55],{"class":54},[44,113176,56813],{"class":50},[44,113178,108],{"class":58},[44,113180,111038],{"class":111},[44,113182,115],{"class":58},[44,113184,4714],{"class":111},[44,113186,121],{"class":58},[44,113188,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,113190,128],{"class":127},[44,113192,115],{"class":58},[44,113194,394],{"class":111},[44,113196,121],{"class":58},[420,113198,113200],{"id":113199},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113202,113203],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113205,113207],{"className":37,"code":113206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113208,113209,113225,113241,113245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113210,113211,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113212,2511],{"class":50},[44,113214,55],{"class":54},[44,113216,10441],{"class":58},[44,113218,85],{"class":62},[44,113220,66],{"class":58},[44,113222,5450],{"class":62},[44,113224,9258],{"class":58},[44,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113228,2539],{"class":50},[44,113230,55],{"class":54},[44,113232,10441],{"class":58},[44,113234,801],{"class":62},[44,113236,66],{"class":58},[44,113238,90],{"class":62},[44,113240,9258],{"class":58},[44,113242,113243],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113244,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,113246,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113248,128],{"class":127},[44,113250,115],{"class":58},[44,113252,394],{"class":111},[44,113254,108],{"class":58},[44,113256,111038],{"class":111},[44,113258,115],{"class":58},[44,113260,4714],{"class":111},[44,113262,637],{"class":58},[20,113264,113265],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[420,113267,113269],{"id":113268},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113271,113273],{"className":37,"code":113272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113274,113275,113291,113313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113276,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113278,1253],{"class":50},[44,113280,55],{"class":54},[44,113282,10441],{"class":58},[44,113284,273],{"class":272},[44,113286,58050],{"class":276},[44,113288,273],{"class":272},[44,113290,9258],{"class":58},[44,113292,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113294,911],{"class":50},[44,113296,55],{"class":54},[44,113298,6120],{"class":50},[44,113300,108],{"class":58},[44,113302,111038],{"class":111},[44,113304,115],{"class":58},[44,113306,273],{"class":272},[44,113308,36997],{"class":276},[44,113310,273],{"class":272},[44,113312,121],{"class":58},[44,113314,113315,113317,113319,113321],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113316,128],{"class":127},[44,113318,115],{"class":58},[44,113320,943],{"class":111},[44,113322,121],{"class":58},[20,113324,113325,113326,798,113328,802,113330,113332,113333,113335],{},"This adds ",[15,113327,66247],{},[15,113329,18046],{},[15,113331,112821],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113334,112805],{}," as one item.",[20,113337,113338],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113340,113342],{"className":37,"code":113341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113343,113344,113360,113382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113347,1253],{"class":50},[44,113349,55],{"class":54},[44,113351,10441],{"class":58},[44,113353,273],{"class":272},[44,113355,58050],{"class":276},[44,113357,273],{"class":272},[44,113359,9258],{"class":58},[44,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113363,911],{"class":50},[44,113365,55],{"class":54},[44,113367,6120],{"class":50},[44,113369,108],{"class":58},[44,113371,111038],{"class":111},[44,113373,457],{"class":58},[44,113375,273],{"class":272},[44,113377,36997],{"class":276},[44,113379,273],{"class":272},[44,113381,466],{"class":58},[44,113383,113384,113386,113388,113390],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113385,128],{"class":127},[44,113387,115],{"class":58},[44,113389,943],{"class":111},[44,113391,121],{"class":58},[420,113393,113395],{"id":113394},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113397,2795],{},[35,113399,113401],{"className":37,"code":113400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113402,113403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113404,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113406,15577],{"class":50},[44,113408,55],{"class":54},[44,113410,10441],{"class":58},[44,113412,63],{"class":62},[44,113414,66],{"class":58},[44,113416,69],{"class":62},[44,113418,66],{"class":58},[44,113420,59],{"class":58},[44,113422,85],{"class":62},[44,113424,66],{"class":58},[44,113426,90],{"class":62},[44,113428,13654],{"class":58},[20,113430,113431],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113433,113434,113435,159],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113436,102568],{},[35,113438,113440],{"className":37,"code":113439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113441,113442,113458,113480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113443,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113445,15577],{"class":50},[44,113447,55],{"class":54},[44,113449,10441],{"class":58},[44,113451,63],{"class":62},[44,113453,66],{"class":58},[44,113455,69],{"class":62},[44,113457,9258],{"class":58},[44,113459,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113461,911],{"class":50},[44,113463,55],{"class":54},[44,113465,96693],{"class":50},[44,113467,108],{"class":58},[44,113469,111038],{"class":111},[44,113471,457],{"class":58},[44,113473,85],{"class":62},[44,113475,66],{"class":58},[44,113477,90],{"class":62},[44,113479,466],{"class":58},[44,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113483,128],{"class":127},[44,113485,115],{"class":58},[44,113487,943],{"class":111},[44,113489,121],{"class":58},[30,113491,113493],{"id":113492},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113495,113496],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[161,113498,113499,113505,113512,113515],{},[164,113500,113501,113502,113504],{},"call ",[15,113503,102568],{}," without saving the returned set",[164,113506,113507,113508,8652,113510],{},"confuse ",[15,113509,102568],{},[15,113511,14902],{},[164,113513,113514],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[164,113516,113517],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113519,113520,113521,398,113525,108],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[394,113522,3536,113523,574],{"href":102557},[15,113524,106342],{},[394,113526,3536,113528,574],{"href":113527},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113529,100188],{},[20,113531,1433],{},[35,113533,113535],{"className":37,"code":113534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113536,113537,113547,113561,113571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113538,113539,113541,113543,113545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113540,128],{"class":127},[44,113542,115],{"class":58},[44,113544,15615],{"class":111},[44,113546,121],{"class":58},[44,113548,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113550,128],{"class":127},[44,113552,115],{"class":58},[44,113554,1459],{"class":1458},[44,113556,115],{"class":58},[44,113558,15615],{"class":111},[44,113560,637],{"class":58},[44,113562,113563,113565,113567,113569],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113564,128],{"class":127},[44,113566,115],{"class":58},[44,113568,943],{"class":111},[44,113570,121],{"class":58},[44,113572,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113574,1483],{"class":127},[44,113576,115],{"class":58},[44,113578,236],{"class":1458},[44,113580,108],{"class":58},[44,113582,111038],{"class":1492},[44,113584,121],{"class":58},[30,113586,1757],{"id":1756},[420,113588,1761,113590,102508],{"id":113589},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113591,107812],{},[20,113593,102511],{},[420,113595,5124,113597,113599],{"id":113596},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113598,102568],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113601,113602],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[420,113604,1790,113606,113608],{"id":113605},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113607,102568],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113610,42103,113611,113613],{},[15,113612,102568],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[420,113615,113617],{"id":113616},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113619,113620],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[420,113622,1773,113624,398,113626,1778],{"id":113623},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113625,102568],{},[15,113627,113628],{},"|",[20,113630,113631,113632,113634,113635,113637],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113633,113628],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113636,102568],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113639,1821],{"id":1820},[161,113641,113642,113646,113652,113658,113664],{},[164,113643,113644],{},[394,113645,96097],{"href":97268},[164,113647,113648],{},[394,113649,3536,113650,574],{"href":98288},[15,113651,97083],{},[164,113653,113654],{},[394,113655,3536,113656,574],{"href":102557},[15,113657,106342],{},[164,113659,113660],{},[394,113661,3536,113662,574],{"href":113527},[15,113663,100188],{},[164,113665,113666],{},[394,113667,100113],{"href":98846},[1872,113669,113670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":113672},[113673,113674,113676,113677,113678,113679,113681,113687,113692,113699,113700,113711],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":111768,"depth":75,"text":113675},"What set.union() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":21920,"depth":75,"text":21921},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":112255,"depth":75,"text":113680},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112413,"depth":75,"text":113682,"children":113683},"Using union() with other iterables",[113684,113685,113686],{"id":112424,"depth":95,"text":112425},{"id":112544,"depth":95,"text":112545},{"id":112686,"depth":95,"text":112687},{"id":112824,"depth":75,"text":113688,"children":113689},"union() vs update()",[113690,113691],{"id":111038,"depth":95,"text":102568},{"id":30416,"depth":95,"text":14902},{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":113693},[113694,113696,113697,113698],{"id":113031,"depth":95,"text":113695},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113199,"depth":95,"text":113200},{"id":113268,"depth":95,"text":113269},{"id":113394,"depth":95,"text":113395},{"id":113492,"depth":75,"text":113493},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":113701},[113702,113704,113706,113708,113709],{"id":113589,"depth":95,"text":113703},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113596,"depth":95,"text":113705},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113605,"depth":95,"text":113707},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113616,"depth":95,"text":113617},{"id":113623,"depth":95,"text":113710},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111648,"description":113712},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113718,"title":113719,"body":113720,"description":115609,"extension":1921,"meta":115610,"navigation":98,"path":96582,"seo":115611,"stem":115612,"__hash__":115613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113721,"toc":115575},[113722,113727,113732,113740,113742,113800,113805,113810,113814,113826,113829,113903,113908,113910,113912,113931,113933,113950,113953,113980,113982,114052,114056,114058,114064,114066,114127,114132,114134,114191,114195,114200,114265,114267,114287,114294,114298,114303,114388,114391,114398,114501,114505,114510,114568,114571,114582,114596,114603,114661,114668,114671,114681,114685,114743,114747,114813,114816,114874,114881,114888,114891,114895,114904,114973,114977,114983,115071,115081,115085,115089,115093,115096,115157,115162,115219,115223,115225,115260,115267,115269,115323,115330,115334,115337,115402,115411,115417,115474,115476,115481,115485,115489,115492,115499,115507,115511,115516,115520,115526,115528,115563,115572],[10,113723,95969,113725,18],{"id":113724},"python-set-update-method",[15,113726,14902],{},[20,113728,113729,113731],{},[15,113730,97083],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113733,113734,113735,113739],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[394,113736,113737],{"href":98269},[15,113738,95977],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113741,3570],{"id":3569},[35,113743,113745],{"className":37,"code":113744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113746,113747,113763,113785,113795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113748,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113750,51],{"class":50},[44,113752,55],{"class":54},[44,113754,10441],{"class":58},[44,113756,63],{"class":62},[44,113758,66],{"class":58},[44,113760,69],{"class":62},[44,113762,9258],{"class":58},[44,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113766,105],{"class":50},[44,113768,108],{"class":58},[44,113770,30416],{"class":111},[44,113772,457],{"class":58},[44,113774,801],{"class":62},[44,113776,66],{"class":58},[44,113778,2408],{"class":62},[44,113780,66],{"class":58},[44,113782,90],{"class":62},[44,113784,466],{"class":58},[44,113786,113787,113789,113791,113793],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113788,128],{"class":127},[44,113790,115],{"class":58},[44,113792,105],{"class":111},[44,113794,121],{"class":58},[44,113796,113797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113798,113799],{"class":140},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113801,144,113802,113804],{},[15,113803,14902],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113806,151,113808,154],{"id":113807},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113809,97083],{},[20,113811,113812,159],{},[15,113813,97083],{},[161,113815,113816,113819,113821,113824],{},[164,113817,113818],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[164,113820,96084],{},[164,113822,113823],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[164,113825,96087],{},[20,113827,113828],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113830,113832],{"className":37,"code":113831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113833,113834,113858,113884,113888,113898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854,113856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113837,13026],{"class":50},[44,113839,55],{"class":54},[44,113841,10441],{"class":58},[44,113843,273],{"class":272},[44,113845,13043],{"class":276},[44,113847,273],{"class":272},[44,113849,66],{"class":58},[44,113851,284],{"class":272},[44,113853,13060],{"class":276},[44,113855,273],{"class":272},[44,113857,9258],{"class":58},[44,113859,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868,113870,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,113861,17452],{"class":50},[44,113863,108],{"class":58},[44,113865,30416],{"class":111},[44,113867,457],{"class":58},[44,113869,273],{"class":272},[44,113871,13060],{"class":276},[44,113873,273],{"class":272},[44,113875,66],{"class":58},[44,113877,284],{"class":272},[44,113879,17405],{"class":276},[44,113881,273],{"class":272},[44,113883,466],{"class":58},[44,113885,113886],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,113887,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,113889,113890,113892,113894,113896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113891,128],{"class":127},[44,113893,115],{"class":58},[44,113895,17452],{"class":111},[44,113897,121],{"class":58},[44,113899,113900],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,113901,113902],{"class":140},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113904,20928,113905,113907],{},[15,113906,110803],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,113909,188],{"id":187},[20,113911,7165],{},[35,113913,113915],{"className":37,"code":113914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113916,113917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113918,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113920,15615],{"class":50},[44,113922,108],{"class":58},[44,113924,30416],{"class":111},[44,113926,115],{"class":58},[44,113928,207],{"class":111},[44,113930,121],{"class":58},[20,113932,79969],{},[161,113934,113935,113938,113941,113944,113947],{},[164,113936,113937],{},"A list",[164,113939,113940],{},"A tuple",[164,113942,113943],{},"Another set",[164,113945,113946],{},"A string",[164,113948,113949],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113951,113952],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113954,113956],{"className":37,"code":113955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113957,113958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113959,113960,113962,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976,113978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113961,15615],{"class":50},[44,113963,108],{"class":58},[44,113965,30416],{"class":111},[44,113967,115],{"class":58},[44,113969,394],{"class":111},[44,113971,66],{"class":58},[44,113973,2516],{"class":111},[44,113975,66],{"class":58},[44,113977,9631],{"class":111},[44,113979,121],{"class":58},[20,113981,2164],{},[35,113983,113985],{"className":37,"code":113984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113986,113987,113999,114033,114037,114047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113988,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113990,604],{"class":50},[44,113992,55],{"class":54},[44,113994,10441],{"class":58},[44,113996,63],{"class":62},[44,113998,9258],{"class":58},[44,114000,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029,114031],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114002,621],{"class":50},[44,114004,108],{"class":58},[44,114006,30416],{"class":111},[44,114008,457],{"class":58},[44,114010,801],{"class":62},[44,114012,66],{"class":58},[44,114014,2408],{"class":62},[44,114016,18012],{"class":58},[44,114018,9185],{"class":58},[44,114020,2461],{"class":62},[44,114022,66],{"class":58},[44,114024,4557],{"class":62},[44,114026,9182],{"class":58},[44,114028,10441],{"class":58},[44,114030,80360],{"class":62},[44,114032,851],{"class":58},[44,114034,114035],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114036,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114038,114039,114041,114043,114045],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114040,128],{"class":127},[44,114042,115],{"class":58},[44,114044,621],{"class":111},[44,114046,121],{"class":58},[44,114048,114049],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114050,114051],{"class":140},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114053,96093,114054,108],{},[394,114055,96101],{"href":97652},[30,114057,21921],{"id":21920},[20,114059,114060,877,114062,108],{},[15,114061,97083],{},[15,114063,178],{},[20,114065,11664],{},[35,114067,114069],{"className":37,"code":114068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114070,114071,114087,114109,114113,114123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114074,51],{"class":50},[44,114076,55],{"class":54},[44,114078,10441],{"class":58},[44,114080,63],{"class":62},[44,114082,66],{"class":58},[44,114084,69],{"class":62},[44,114086,9258],{"class":58},[44,114088,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114090,911],{"class":50},[44,114092,55],{"class":54},[44,114094,916],{"class":50},[44,114096,108],{"class":58},[44,114098,30416],{"class":111},[44,114100,457],{"class":58},[44,114102,85],{"class":62},[44,114104,66],{"class":58},[44,114106,90],{"class":62},[44,114108,466],{"class":58},[44,114110,114111],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114112,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114114,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114116,128],{"class":127},[44,114118,115],{"class":58},[44,114120,943],{"class":111},[44,114122,121],{"class":58},[44,114124,114125],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114126,950],{"class":140},[20,114128,114129,114130,108],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114131,943],{},[20,114133,18918],{},[35,114135,114137],{"className":37,"code":114136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114138,114139,114155,114173,114177,114187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114140,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114142,51],{"class":50},[44,114144,55],{"class":54},[44,114146,10441],{"class":58},[44,114148,63],{"class":62},[44,114150,66],{"class":58},[44,114152,69],{"class":62},[44,114154,9258],{"class":58},[44,114156,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114158,105],{"class":50},[44,114160,108],{"class":58},[44,114162,30416],{"class":111},[44,114164,457],{"class":58},[44,114166,85],{"class":62},[44,114168,66],{"class":58},[44,114170,90],{"class":62},[44,114172,466],{"class":58},[44,114174,114175],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114176,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114178,114179,114181,114183,114185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114180,128],{"class":127},[44,114182,115],{"class":58},[44,114184,105],{"class":111},[44,114186,121],{"class":58},[44,114188,114189],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114190,113799],{"class":140},[30,114192,114194],{"id":114193},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114196,114197,114198,108],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114199,14902],{},[35,114201,114203],{"className":37,"code":114202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114204,114205,114221,114247,114251,114261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114206,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114208,51],{"class":50},[44,114210,55],{"class":54},[44,114212,10441],{"class":58},[44,114214,63],{"class":62},[44,114216,66],{"class":58},[44,114218,69],{"class":62},[44,114220,9258],{"class":58},[44,114222,114223,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241,114243,114245],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114224,105],{"class":50},[44,114226,108],{"class":58},[44,114228,30416],{"class":111},[44,114230,457],{"class":58},[44,114232,801],{"class":62},[44,114234,66],{"class":58},[44,114236,2408],{"class":62},[44,114238,66],{"class":58},[44,114240,90],{"class":62},[44,114242,66],{"class":58},[44,114244,90],{"class":62},[44,114246,466],{"class":58},[44,114248,114249],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114250,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114252,114253,114255,114257,114259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114254,128],{"class":127},[44,114256,115],{"class":58},[44,114258,105],{"class":111},[44,114260,121],{"class":58},[44,114262,114263],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114264,113799],{"class":140},[20,114266,361],{},[161,114268,114269,114274,114281],{},[164,114270,114271,114273],{},[15,114272,801],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[164,114275,114276,398,114278,114280],{},[15,114277,85],{},[15,114279,2461],{}," are added",[164,114282,114283,114284,114286],{},"The second ",[15,114285,2461],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114288,114289,114290,114293],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[394,114291,114292],{"href":98846},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114295,114297],{"id":114296},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114299,7711,114300,114302],{},[15,114301,14902],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114304,114306],{"className":37,"code":114305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114307,114308,114329,114350,114354,114370,114374,114384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114309,114310,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114311,114312],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114314,55],{"class":54},[44,114316,10441],{"class":58},[44,114318,63],{"class":62},[44,114320,66],{"class":58},[44,114322,69],{"class":62},[44,114324,66],{"class":58},[44,114326,2408],{"class":62},[44,114328,9258],{"class":58},[44,114330,114331,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114332,114333],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114335,55],{"class":54},[44,114337,10441],{"class":58},[44,114339,85],{"class":62},[44,114341,66],{"class":58},[44,114343,90],{"class":62},[44,114345,66],{"class":58},[44,114347,4557],{"class":62},[44,114349,9258],{"class":58},[44,114351,114352],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114353,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114355,114356,114359,114361,114363,114365,114368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114357,114358],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114360,108],{"class":58},[44,114362,30416],{"class":111},[44,114364,115],{"class":58},[44,114366,114367],{"class":111},"set_b",[44,114369,121],{"class":58},[44,114371,114372],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114373,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114375,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,114377,128],{"class":127},[44,114379,115],{"class":58},[44,114381,114358],{"class":111},[44,114383,121],{"class":58},[44,114385,114386],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,114387,111760],{"class":140},[20,114389,114390],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114392,114393,114394,108],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[394,114395,114396],{"href":102565},[15,114397,107812],{},[35,114399,114401],{"className":37,"code":114400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114402,114403,114423,114443,114447,114467,114471,114482,114486,114496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114404,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114406,114312],{"class":50},[44,114408,55],{"class":54},[44,114410,10441],{"class":58},[44,114412,63],{"class":62},[44,114414,66],{"class":58},[44,114416,69],{"class":62},[44,114418,66],{"class":58},[44,114420,2408],{"class":62},[44,114422,9258],{"class":58},[44,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114426,114333],{"class":50},[44,114428,55],{"class":54},[44,114430,10441],{"class":58},[44,114432,85],{"class":62},[44,114434,66],{"class":58},[44,114436,90],{"class":62},[44,114438,66],{"class":58},[44,114440,4557],{"class":62},[44,114442,9258],{"class":58},[44,114444,114445],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114446,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114448,114449,114452,114454,114457,114459,114461,114463,114465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114450,114451],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114453,55],{"class":54},[44,114455,114456],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114458,108],{"class":58},[44,114460,111038],{"class":111},[44,114462,115],{"class":58},[44,114464,114367],{"class":111},[44,114466,121],{"class":58},[44,114468,114469],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114470,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114472,114473,114475,114477,114480],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,114474,128],{"class":127},[44,114476,115],{"class":58},[44,114478,114479],{"class":111},"combined",[44,114481,121],{"class":58},[44,114483,114484],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,114485,111760],{"class":140},[44,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,114489,128],{"class":127},[44,114491,115],{"class":58},[44,114493,114358],{"class":111},[44,114495,121],{"class":58},[44,114497,114498],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,114499,114500],{"class":140},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114502,114504],{"id":114503},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114506,64505,114507,114509],{},[15,114508,14902],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114511,114513],{"className":37,"code":114512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114514,114515,114531,114549,114553,114563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527,114529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114518,672],{"class":50},[44,114520,55],{"class":54},[44,114522,10441],{"class":58},[44,114524,273],{"class":272},[44,114526,2130],{"class":276},[44,114528,273],{"class":272},[44,114530,9258],{"class":58},[44,114532,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545,114547],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114534,689],{"class":50},[44,114536,108],{"class":58},[44,114538,30416],{"class":111},[44,114540,115],{"class":58},[44,114542,273],{"class":272},[44,114544,36997],{"class":276},[44,114546,273],{"class":272},[44,114548,121],{"class":58},[44,114550,114551],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114552,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114554,114555,114557,114559,114561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114556,128],{"class":127},[44,114558,115],{"class":58},[44,114560,689],{"class":111},[44,114562,121],{"class":58},[44,114564,114565],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114566,114567],{"class":140},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114569,114570],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114572,114573,14002,114576,114578,114579,114581],{},[15,114574,114575],{},"update(\"cat\")",[214,114577,4583],{}," add ",[15,114580,112805],{}," as one item. It adds:",[161,114583,114584,114588,114592],{},[164,114585,114586],{},[15,114587,66247],{},[164,114589,114590],{},[15,114591,18046],{},[164,114593,114594],{},[15,114595,112821],{},[20,114597,114598,114599,159],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[394,114600,114601],{"href":98269},[15,114602,95977],{},[35,114604,114606],{"className":37,"code":114605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114607,114608,114624,114642,114646,114656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114609,114610,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114611,1253],{"class":50},[44,114613,55],{"class":54},[44,114615,10441],{"class":58},[44,114617,273],{"class":272},[44,114619,58050],{"class":276},[44,114621,273],{"class":272},[44,114623,9258],{"class":58},[44,114625,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114627,1271],{"class":50},[44,114629,108],{"class":58},[44,114631,81872],{"class":111},[44,114633,115],{"class":58},[44,114635,273],{"class":272},[44,114637,36997],{"class":276},[44,114639,273],{"class":272},[44,114641,121],{"class":58},[44,114643,114644],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114645,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114647,114648,114650,114652,114654],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114649,128],{"class":127},[44,114651,115],{"class":58},[44,114653,1271],{"class":111},[44,114655,121],{"class":58},[44,114657,114658],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114659,114660],{"class":140},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114662,114664,408,114666],{"id":114663},"update-vs-add",[15,114665,14902],{},[15,114667,95972],{},[20,114669,114670],{},"The difference is simple:",[161,114672,114673,114677],{},[164,114674,114675,96571],{},[15,114676,95972],{},[164,114678,114679,96576],{},[15,114680,14902],{},[20,114682,45991,114683,159],{},[15,114684,95972],{},[35,114686,114688],{"className":37,"code":114687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114689,114690,114706,114724,114728,114738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114691,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700,114702,114704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114693,265],{"class":50},[44,114695,55],{"class":54},[44,114697,10441],{"class":58},[44,114699,273],{"class":272},[44,114701,277],{"class":276},[44,114703,273],{"class":272},[44,114705,9258],{"class":58},[44,114707,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114709,327],{"class":50},[44,114711,108],{"class":58},[44,114713,81872],{"class":111},[44,114715,115],{"class":58},[44,114717,273],{"class":272},[44,114719,287],{"class":276},[44,114721,273],{"class":272},[44,114723,121],{"class":58},[44,114725,114726],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114727,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114729,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114731,128],{"class":127},[44,114733,115],{"class":58},[44,114735,327],{"class":111},[44,114737,121],{"class":58},[44,114739,114740],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114741,114742],{"class":140},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114744,45991,114745,159],{},[15,114746,14902],{},[35,114748,114750],{"className":37,"code":114749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114751,114752,114768,114794,114798,114808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114753,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114755,265],{"class":50},[44,114757,55],{"class":54},[44,114759,10441],{"class":58},[44,114761,273],{"class":272},[44,114763,277],{"class":276},[44,114765,273],{"class":272},[44,114767,9258],{"class":58},[44,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114771,327],{"class":50},[44,114773,108],{"class":58},[44,114775,30416],{"class":111},[44,114777,457],{"class":58},[44,114779,273],{"class":272},[44,114781,287],{"class":276},[44,114783,273],{"class":272},[44,114785,66],{"class":58},[44,114787,284],{"class":272},[44,114789,305],{"class":276},[44,114791,273],{"class":272},[44,114793,466],{"class":58},[44,114795,114796],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114797,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114799,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114801,128],{"class":127},[44,114803,115],{"class":58},[44,114805,327],{"class":111},[44,114807,121],{"class":58},[44,114809,114810],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114811,114812],{"class":140},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114814,114815],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114817,114819],{"className":37,"code":114818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114820,114821,114837,114855,114859,114869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833,114835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114824,265],{"class":50},[44,114826,55],{"class":54},[44,114828,10441],{"class":58},[44,114830,273],{"class":272},[44,114832,277],{"class":276},[44,114834,273],{"class":272},[44,114836,9258],{"class":58},[44,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851,114853],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114840,327],{"class":50},[44,114842,108],{"class":58},[44,114844,30416],{"class":111},[44,114846,115],{"class":58},[44,114848,273],{"class":272},[44,114850,38292],{"class":276},[44,114852,273],{"class":272},[44,114854,121],{"class":58},[44,114856,114857],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114858,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114862,128],{"class":127},[44,114864,115],{"class":58},[44,114866,327],{"class":111},[44,114868,121],{"class":58},[44,114870,114871],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114872,114873],{"class":140},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114875,1232,114876,1312,114879,1239],{},[15,114877,114878],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114880,95972],{},[30,114882,114884,408,114886],{"id":114883},"update-vs-union",[15,114885,14902],{},[15,114887,102568],{},[20,114889,114890],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[420,114892,114893],{"id":30416},[15,114894,14902],{},[161,114896,114897,114900],{},[164,114898,114899],{},"Changes the existing set",[164,114901,175,114902],{},[15,114903,178],{},[35,114905,114907],{"className":37,"code":114906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114908,114909,114925,114941,114945,114959,114969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114912,2511],{"class":50},[44,114914,55],{"class":54},[44,114916,10441],{"class":58},[44,114918,63],{"class":62},[44,114920,66],{"class":58},[44,114922,69],{"class":62},[44,114924,9258],{"class":58},[44,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,114928,2539],{"class":50},[44,114930,55],{"class":54},[44,114932,10441],{"class":58},[44,114934,801],{"class":62},[44,114936,66],{"class":58},[44,114938,2408],{"class":62},[44,114940,9258],{"class":58},[44,114942,114943],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,114944,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,114946,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114948,394],{"class":50},[44,114950,108],{"class":58},[44,114952,30416],{"class":111},[44,114954,115],{"class":58},[44,114956,4714],{"class":111},[44,114958,121],{"class":58},[44,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,114962,128],{"class":127},[44,114964,115],{"class":58},[44,114966,394],{"class":111},[44,114968,121],{"class":58},[44,114970,114971],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,114972,114500],{"class":140},[420,114974,114975],{"id":111038},[15,114976,102568],{},[161,114978,114979,114981],{},[164,114980,101106],{},[164,114982,101109],{},[35,114984,114986],{"className":37,"code":114985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114987,114988,115004,115020,115024,115042,115052,115056,115066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114989,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114991,2511],{"class":50},[44,114993,55],{"class":54},[44,114995,10441],{"class":58},[44,114997,63],{"class":62},[44,114999,66],{"class":58},[44,115001,69],{"class":62},[44,115003,9258],{"class":58},[44,115005,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115007,2539],{"class":50},[44,115009,55],{"class":54},[44,115011,10441],{"class":58},[44,115013,801],{"class":62},[44,115015,66],{"class":58},[44,115017,2408],{"class":62},[44,115019,9258],{"class":58},[44,115021,115022],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115023,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115025,115026,115028,115030,115032,115034,115036,115038,115040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115027,82952],{"class":50},[44,115029,55],{"class":54},[44,115031,56813],{"class":50},[44,115033,108],{"class":58},[44,115035,111038],{"class":111},[44,115037,115],{"class":58},[44,115039,4714],{"class":111},[44,115041,121],{"class":58},[44,115043,115044,115046,115048,115050],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115045,128],{"class":127},[44,115047,115],{"class":58},[44,115049,9689],{"class":111},[44,115051,121],{"class":58},[44,115053,115054],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,115055,114500],{"class":140},[44,115057,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,115059,128],{"class":127},[44,115061,115],{"class":58},[44,115063,394],{"class":111},[44,115065,121],{"class":58},[44,115067,115068],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,115069,115070],{"class":140},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115072,107454,115073,115075,115076,115080],{},[15,115074,14902],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[394,115077,115078],{"href":102565},[15,115079,102568],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,115082,115084],{"id":115083},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115086,10697,115087,108],{},[15,115088,97083],{},[420,115090,115092],{"id":115091},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115094,115095],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,115097,115099],{"className":37,"code":115098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115100,115101,115117,115139,115143,115153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115102,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115104,15577],{"class":50},[44,115106,55],{"class":54},[44,115108,10441],{"class":58},[44,115110,63],{"class":62},[44,115112,66],{"class":58},[44,115114,69],{"class":62},[44,115116,9258],{"class":58},[44,115118,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115120,911],{"class":50},[44,115122,55],{"class":54},[44,115124,96693],{"class":50},[44,115126,108],{"class":58},[44,115128,30416],{"class":111},[44,115130,457],{"class":58},[44,115132,85],{"class":62},[44,115134,66],{"class":58},[44,115136,90],{"class":62},[44,115138,466],{"class":58},[44,115140,115141],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115142,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115144,115145,115147,115149,115151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115146,128],{"class":127},[44,115148,115],{"class":58},[44,115150,943],{"class":111},[44,115152,121],{"class":58},[44,115154,115155],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115156,950],{"class":140},[20,115158,115159,115160,159],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115161,14902],{},[35,115163,115165],{"className":37,"code":115164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115166,115167,115183,115201,115205,115215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115168,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179,115181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115170,15577],{"class":50},[44,115172,55],{"class":54},[44,115174,10441],{"class":58},[44,115176,63],{"class":62},[44,115178,66],{"class":58},[44,115180,69],{"class":62},[44,115182,9258],{"class":58},[44,115184,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115186,15615],{"class":50},[44,115188,108],{"class":58},[44,115190,30416],{"class":111},[44,115192,457],{"class":58},[44,115194,85],{"class":62},[44,115196,66],{"class":58},[44,115198,90],{"class":62},[44,115200,466],{"class":58},[44,115202,115203],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115204,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115206,115207,115209,115211,115213],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115208,128],{"class":127},[44,115210,115],{"class":58},[44,115212,15615],{"class":111},[44,115214,121],{"class":58},[44,115216,115217],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115218,113799],{"class":140},[420,115220,115222],{"id":115221},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115224,2795],{},[35,115226,115228],{"className":37,"code":115227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115229,115230,115246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115231,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115233,15577],{"class":50},[44,115235,55],{"class":54},[44,115237,10441],{"class":58},[44,115239,63],{"class":62},[44,115241,66],{"class":58},[44,115243,69],{"class":62},[44,115245,9258],{"class":58},[44,115247,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115249,15615],{"class":50},[44,115251,108],{"class":58},[44,115253,30416],{"class":111},[44,115255,115],{"class":58},[44,115257,1410],{"class":62},[44,115259,121],{"class":58},[20,115261,1421,115262,8548,115264,115266],{},[15,115263,1424],{},[15,115265,1410],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115268,6501],{},[35,115270,115272],{"className":37,"code":115271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115273,115274,115290,115304,115308,115318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115275,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115277,15577],{"class":50},[44,115279,55],{"class":54},[44,115281,10441],{"class":58},[44,115283,63],{"class":62},[44,115285,66],{"class":58},[44,115287,69],{"class":62},[44,115289,9258],{"class":58},[44,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115293,15615],{"class":50},[44,115295,108],{"class":58},[44,115297,30416],{"class":111},[44,115299,457],{"class":58},[44,115301,1410],{"class":62},[44,115303,466],{"class":58},[44,115305,115306],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115307,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115309,115310,115312,115314,115316],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115311,128],{"class":127},[44,115313,115],{"class":58},[44,115315,15615],{"class":111},[44,115317,121],{"class":58},[44,115319,115320],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115321,115322],{"class":140},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115324,45864,115325,108],{},[394,115326,25630,115327],{"href":1428},[15,115328,115329],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[420,115331,115333],{"id":115332},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115335,115336],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115338,115340],{"className":37,"code":115339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115341,115342,115358,115384,115388,115398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115343,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115345,15577],{"class":50},[44,115347,55],{"class":54},[44,115349,10441],{"class":58},[44,115351,63],{"class":62},[44,115353,66],{"class":58},[44,115355,69],{"class":62},[44,115357,9258],{"class":58},[44,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115361,15615],{"class":50},[44,115363,108],{"class":58},[44,115365,30416],{"class":111},[44,115367,457],{"class":58},[44,115369,801],{"class":62},[44,115371,66],{"class":58},[44,115373,69],{"class":62},[44,115375,66],{"class":58},[44,115377,69],{"class":62},[44,115379,66],{"class":58},[44,115381,2408],{"class":62},[44,115383,466],{"class":58},[44,115385,115386],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115387,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115389,115390,115392,115394,115396],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115391,128],{"class":127},[44,115393,115],{"class":58},[44,115395,15615],{"class":111},[44,115397,121],{"class":58},[44,115399,115400],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115401,114500],{"class":140},[420,115403,115405,115406,1170,115408,115410],{"id":115404},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115407,14902],{},[15,115409,95972],{}," is better",[20,115412,115413,115414,115416],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115415,95972],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115418,115420],{"className":37,"code":115419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115421,115422,115438,115456,115460,115470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115423,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115425,15577],{"class":50},[44,115427,55],{"class":54},[44,115429,10441],{"class":58},[44,115431,273],{"class":272},[44,115433,58050],{"class":276},[44,115435,273],{"class":272},[44,115437,9258],{"class":58},[44,115439,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115441,15615],{"class":50},[44,115443,108],{"class":58},[44,115445,81872],{"class":111},[44,115447,115],{"class":58},[44,115449,273],{"class":272},[44,115451,36997],{"class":276},[44,115453,273],{"class":272},[44,115455,121],{"class":58},[44,115457,115458],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115459,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115461,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115463,128],{"class":127},[44,115465,115],{"class":58},[44,115467,15615],{"class":111},[44,115469,121],{"class":58},[44,115471,115472],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115473,114660],{"class":140},[30,115475,1757],{"id":1756},[420,115477,1761,115479,97062],{"id":115478},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115480,97083],{},[20,115482,97065,115483,108],{},[15,115484,178],{},[420,115486,1790,115487,32177],{"id":32174},[15,115488,14902],{},[20,115490,115491],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[420,115493,1773,115495,398,115497,1778],{"id":115494},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115496,95972],{},[15,115498,14902],{},[20,115500,115501,115503,115504,115506],{},[15,115502,95972],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115505,14902],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[420,115508,115510],{"id":115509},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115512,115513,115514,114509],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115515,14902],{},[420,115517,115519],{"id":115518},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115521,144,115522,11042,115524,108],{},[15,115523,102568],{},[15,115525,14902],{},[30,115527,1821],{"id":1820},[161,115529,115530,115537,115544,115550,115556],{},[164,115531,115532],{},[394,115533,115534],{"href":98269},[15,115535,115536],{},"Python set add() method",[164,115538,115539],{},[394,115540,115541],{"href":102565},[15,115542,115543],{},"Python set union() method",[164,115545,115546],{},[394,115547,115548],{"href":97652},[15,115549,97107],{},[164,115551,115552],{},[394,115553,115554],{"href":98846},[15,115555,100113],{},[164,115557,115558],{},[394,115559,115560,115562],{"href":1428},[15,115561,115329],{}," fix",[20,115564,115565,115566,115568,115569,115571],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115567,95977],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115570,107812],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1872,115573,115574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":115576},[115577,115578,115580,115581,115582,115583,115584,115585,115587,115592,115599,115608],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":113807,"depth":75,"text":115579},"What set.update() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":21920,"depth":75,"text":21921},{"id":114193,"depth":75,"text":114194},{"id":114296,"depth":75,"text":114297},{"id":114503,"depth":75,"text":114504},{"id":114663,"depth":75,"text":115586},"update() vs add()",{"id":114883,"depth":75,"text":115588,"children":115589},"update() vs union()",[115590,115591],{"id":30416,"depth":95,"text":14902},{"id":111038,"depth":95,"text":102568},{"id":115083,"depth":75,"text":115084,"children":115593},[115594,115595,115596,115597],{"id":115091,"depth":95,"text":115092},{"id":115221,"depth":95,"text":115222},{"id":115332,"depth":95,"text":115333},{"id":115404,"depth":95,"text":115598},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":115600},[115601,115603,115604,115606,115607],{"id":115478,"depth":95,"text":115602},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32174,"depth":95,"text":32247},{"id":115494,"depth":95,"text":115605},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115509,"depth":95,"text":115510},{"id":115518,"depth":95,"text":115519},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113719,"description":115609},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115615,"title":115616,"body":115617,"description":117383,"extension":1921,"meta":117384,"navigation":98,"path":13738,"seo":117385,"stem":117386,"__hash__":117387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115618,"toc":117358},[115619,115622,115625,115628,115639,115647,115650,115652,115801,115813,115817,115834,115838,115846,115848,115859,115861,115958,115964,115967,116063,116072,116077,116081,116086,116088,116098,116100,116209,116217,116221,116224,116227,116244,116250,116330,116333,116337,116340,116344,116347,116406,116409,116413,116416,116508,116512,116515,116622,116626,116632,116660,116662,116744,116754,116758,116761,116772,116775,116860,116863,116868,116872,116875,116886,116889,117031,117034,117038,117041,117055,117058,117119,117125,117127,117130,117152,117155,117255,117258,117290,117292,117296,117299,117301,117304,117308,117311,117315,117318,117322,117325,117327,117355],[10,115620,115616],{"id":115621},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115623,115624],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115626,115627],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[161,115629,115630,115633,115636],{},[164,115631,115632],{},"a list inside another list",[164,115634,115635],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[164,115637,115638],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115640,100035,115641,398,115643,115646],{},[214,115642,12800],{},[214,115644,115645],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115648,115649],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115651,33],{"id":32},[35,115653,115655],{"className":37,"code":115654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115656,115657,115664,115668,115694,115714,115734,115738,115756,115760,115773,115787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115658,115659,115661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115660,35042],{"class":3832},[44,115662,115663],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115665,115666],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115667,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115669,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684,115686,115688,115690,115692],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115671,12036],{"class":50},[44,115673,55],{"class":54},[44,115675,56220],{"class":58},[44,115677,63],{"class":62},[44,115679,66],{"class":58},[44,115681,69],{"class":62},[44,115683,18012],{"class":58},[44,115685,59],{"class":58},[44,115687,85],{"class":62},[44,115689,66],{"class":58},[44,115691,90],{"class":62},[44,115693,53186],{"class":58},[44,115695,115696,115699,115701,115704,115706,115708,115710,115712],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115697,115698],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115700,55],{"class":54},[44,115702,115703],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115705,108],{"class":58},[44,115707,12861],{"class":111},[44,115709,115],{"class":58},[44,115711,12083],{"class":111},[44,115713,121],{"class":58},[44,115715,115716,115719,115721,115723,115725,115728,115730,115732],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115717,115718],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115720,55],{"class":54},[44,115722,115703],{"class":50},[44,115724,108],{"class":58},[44,115726,115727],{"class":111},"deepcopy",[44,115729,115],{"class":58},[44,115731,12083],{"class":111},[44,115733,121],{"class":58},[44,115735,115736],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,115737,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115739,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,115741,12083],{"class":50},[44,115743,3856],{"class":58},[44,115745,746],{"class":62},[44,115747,13499],{"class":58},[44,115749,520],{"class":111},[44,115751,115],{"class":58},[44,115753,56273],{"class":62},[44,115755,121],{"class":58},[44,115757,115758],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,115759,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115761,115762,115764,115766,115768,115770],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,115763,128],{"class":127},[44,115765,115],{"class":58},[44,115767,12083],{"class":111},[44,115769,1476],{"class":58},[44,115771,115772],{"class":140},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115774,115775,115777,115779,115782,115784],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,115776,128],{"class":127},[44,115778,115],{"class":58},[44,115780,115781],{"class":111},"shallow",[44,115783,1476],{"class":58},[44,115785,115786],{"class":140},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115788,115789,115791,115793,115796,115798],{"class":46,"line":11545},[44,115790,128],{"class":127},[44,115792,115],{"class":58},[44,115794,115795],{"class":111},"deep",[44,115797,1476],{"class":58},[44,115799,115800],{"class":140},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115802,144,115803,115806,115807,398,115809,115812],{},[15,115804,115805],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[214,115808,12800],{},[15,115810,115811],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115814,115816],{"id":115815},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[161,115818,115819,115822,115825,115828,115831],{},[164,115820,115821],{},"What a copy means in Python",[164,115823,115824],{},"How shallow copy works",[164,115826,115827],{},"How deep copy works",[164,115829,115830],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[164,115832,115833],{},"When to use each approach",[30,115835,115837],{"id":115836},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115839,15137,115840,115842,115843,115845],{},[214,115841,12800],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[214,115844,4583],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115847,2065],{},[161,115849,115850,115853,115856],{},[164,115851,115852],{},"the outer container is new",[164,115854,115855],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[164,115857,115858],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115860,2164],{},[35,115862,115864],{"className":37,"code":115863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115865,115866,115892,115906,115910,115928,115932,115945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115867,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115869,12036],{"class":50},[44,115871,55],{"class":54},[44,115873,56220],{"class":58},[44,115875,63],{"class":62},[44,115877,66],{"class":58},[44,115879,69],{"class":62},[44,115881,18012],{"class":58},[44,115883,59],{"class":58},[44,115885,85],{"class":62},[44,115887,66],{"class":58},[44,115889,90],{"class":62},[44,115891,53186],{"class":58},[44,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,115895,14260],{"class":50},[44,115897,55],{"class":54},[44,115899,12111],{"class":50},[44,115901,108],{"class":58},[44,115903,12861],{"class":111},[44,115905,8590],{"class":58},[44,115907,115908],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,115909,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115911,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924,115926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115913,14279],{"class":50},[44,115915,108],{"class":58},[44,115917,520],{"class":111},[44,115919,457],{"class":58},[44,115921,1410],{"class":62},[44,115923,66],{"class":58},[44,115925,37594],{"class":62},[44,115927,466],{"class":58},[44,115929,115930],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,115931,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,115933,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,115935,128],{"class":127},[44,115937,115],{"class":58},[44,115939,12083],{"class":111},[44,115941,1476],{"class":58},[44,115943,115944],{"class":140},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115946,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,115948,128],{"class":127},[44,115950,115],{"class":58},[44,115952,14279],{"class":111},[44,115954,1476],{"class":58},[44,115956,115957],{"class":140},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115959,115960,115961,115963],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115962,14279],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115965,115966],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115968,115970],{"className":37,"code":115969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115971,115972,115998,116012,116016,116034,116038,116050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115973,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984,115986,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115975,12036],{"class":50},[44,115977,55],{"class":54},[44,115979,56220],{"class":58},[44,115981,63],{"class":62},[44,115983,66],{"class":58},[44,115985,69],{"class":62},[44,115987,18012],{"class":58},[44,115989,59],{"class":58},[44,115991,85],{"class":62},[44,115993,66],{"class":58},[44,115995,90],{"class":62},[44,115997,53186],{"class":58},[44,115999,116000,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116001,14260],{"class":50},[44,116003,55],{"class":54},[44,116005,12111],{"class":50},[44,116007,108],{"class":58},[44,116009,12861],{"class":111},[44,116011,8590],{"class":58},[44,116013,116014],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116015,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116017,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116019,14279],{"class":50},[44,116021,3856],{"class":58},[44,116023,746],{"class":62},[44,116025,13499],{"class":58},[44,116027,520],{"class":111},[44,116029,115],{"class":58},[44,116031,56273],{"class":62},[44,116033,121],{"class":58},[44,116035,116036],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116037,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116041,128],{"class":127},[44,116043,115],{"class":58},[44,116045,12083],{"class":111},[44,116047,1476],{"class":58},[44,116049,115772],{"class":140},[44,116051,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116053,128],{"class":127},[44,116055,115],{"class":58},[44,116057,14279],{"class":111},[44,116059,1476],{"class":58},[44,116061,116062],{"class":140},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116064,116065,116066,398,116068,116071],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116067,56377],{},[15,116069,116070],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116073,116074,116075,108],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[394,116076,43887],{"href":12015},[30,116078,116080],{"id":116079},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116082,15137,116083,116085],{},[214,116084,115645],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116087,2065],{},[161,116089,116090,116092,116095],{},[164,116091,115852],{},[164,116093,116094],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[164,116096,116097],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116099,2164],{},[35,116101,116103],{"className":37,"code":116102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116104,116105,116111,116115,116141,116159,116163,116181,116185,116197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116106,116107,116109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116108,35042],{"class":3832},[44,116110,115663],{"class":50},[44,116112,116113],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116114,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116116,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116118,12036],{"class":50},[44,116120,55],{"class":54},[44,116122,56220],{"class":58},[44,116124,63],{"class":62},[44,116126,66],{"class":58},[44,116128,69],{"class":62},[44,116130,18012],{"class":58},[44,116132,59],{"class":58},[44,116134,85],{"class":62},[44,116136,66],{"class":58},[44,116138,90],{"class":62},[44,116140,53186],{"class":58},[44,116142,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116144,14260],{"class":50},[44,116146,55],{"class":54},[44,116148,115703],{"class":50},[44,116150,108],{"class":58},[44,116152,115727],{"class":111},[44,116154,115],{"class":58},[44,116156,12083],{"class":111},[44,116158,121],{"class":58},[44,116160,116161],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116162,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116164,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116166,14279],{"class":50},[44,116168,3856],{"class":58},[44,116170,746],{"class":62},[44,116172,13499],{"class":58},[44,116174,520],{"class":111},[44,116176,115],{"class":58},[44,116178,56273],{"class":62},[44,116180,121],{"class":58},[44,116182,116183],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116184,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,116188,128],{"class":127},[44,116190,115],{"class":58},[44,116192,12083],{"class":111},[44,116194,1476],{"class":58},[44,116196,115944],{"class":140},[44,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,116200,128],{"class":127},[44,116202,115],{"class":58},[44,116204,14279],{"class":111},[44,116206,1476],{"class":58},[44,116208,116062],{"class":140},[20,116210,116211,116212,116214,116215,108],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116213,116070],{}," does not change ",[15,116216,56377],{},[30,116218,116220],{"id":116219},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116222,116223],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116225,116226],{},"Common reasons:",[161,116228,116229,116232,116235,116241],{},[164,116230,116231],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[164,116233,116234],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[164,116236,116237,116238,116240],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116239,55],{}," does not make a copy",[164,116242,116243],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116245,116246,116247,116249],{},"For example, this does ",[214,116248,4583],{}," create a copy:",[35,116251,116253],{"className":37,"code":116252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116254,116255,116275,116283,116287,116301,116305,116317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116256,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116258,12036],{"class":50},[44,116260,55],{"class":54},[44,116262,59],{"class":58},[44,116264,63],{"class":62},[44,116266,66],{"class":58},[44,116268,69],{"class":62},[44,116270,66],{"class":58},[44,116272,2408],{"class":62},[44,116274,72],{"class":58},[44,116276,116277,116279,116281],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116278,14260],{"class":50},[44,116280,55],{"class":54},[44,116282,12074],{"class":50},[44,116284,116285],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116286,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116288,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116290,14279],{"class":50},[44,116292,108],{"class":58},[44,116294,520],{"class":111},[44,116296,115],{"class":58},[44,116298,2461],{"class":62},[44,116300,121],{"class":58},[44,116302,116303],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116304,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116306,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116308,128],{"class":127},[44,116310,115],{"class":58},[44,116312,12083],{"class":111},[44,116314,1476],{"class":58},[44,116316,55628],{"class":140},[44,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116320,128],{"class":127},[44,116322,115],{"class":58},[44,116324,14279],{"class":111},[44,116326,1476],{"class":58},[44,116328,116329],{"class":140},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116331,116332],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116334,116336],{"id":116335},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116338,116339],{},"These three ideas are different.",[420,116341,116343],{"id":116342},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116345,116346],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116348,116350],{"className":37,"code":116349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116351,116352,116378,116386,116390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116353,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116355,12036],{"class":50},[44,116357,55],{"class":54},[44,116359,56220],{"class":58},[44,116361,63],{"class":62},[44,116363,66],{"class":58},[44,116365,69],{"class":62},[44,116367,18012],{"class":58},[44,116369,59],{"class":58},[44,116371,85],{"class":62},[44,116373,66],{"class":58},[44,116375,90],{"class":62},[44,116377,53186],{"class":58},[44,116379,116380,116382,116384],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116381,14051],{"class":50},[44,116383,55],{"class":54},[44,116385,12074],{"class":50},[44,116387,116388],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116389,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116391,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116393,128],{"class":127},[44,116395,115],{"class":58},[44,116397,12036],{"class":111},[44,116399,12144],{"class":3832},[44,116401,14119],{"class":111},[44,116403,1476],{"class":58},[44,116405,3623],{"class":140},[20,116407,116408],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[420,116410,116412],{"id":116411},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116414,116415],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116417,116419],{"className":37,"code":116418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116420,116421,116447,116461,116465,116482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116422,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116424,12036],{"class":50},[44,116426,55],{"class":54},[44,116428,56220],{"class":58},[44,116430,63],{"class":62},[44,116432,66],{"class":58},[44,116434,69],{"class":62},[44,116436,18012],{"class":58},[44,116438,59],{"class":58},[44,116440,85],{"class":62},[44,116442,66],{"class":58},[44,116444,90],{"class":62},[44,116446,53186],{"class":58},[44,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116450,115698],{"class":50},[44,116452,55],{"class":54},[44,116454,12111],{"class":50},[44,116456,108],{"class":58},[44,116458,12861],{"class":111},[44,116460,8590],{"class":58},[44,116462,116463],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116464,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116466,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116478,116480],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116468,128],{"class":127},[44,116470,115],{"class":58},[44,116472,12036],{"class":111},[44,116474,12144],{"class":3832},[44,116476,116477],{"class":111}," shallow",[44,116479,1476],{"class":58},[44,116481,21151],{"class":140},[44,116483,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116485,128],{"class":127},[44,116487,115],{"class":58},[44,116489,12083],{"class":111},[44,116491,3856],{"class":58},[44,116493,746],{"class":62},[44,116495,13224],{"class":58},[44,116497,8044],{"class":3832},[44,116499,116477],{"class":111},[44,116501,3856],{"class":58},[44,116503,746],{"class":62},[44,116505,20396],{"class":58},[44,116507,3623],{"class":140},[420,116509,116511],{"id":116510},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116513,116514],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116516,116518],{"className":37,"code":116517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116519,116520,116526,116530,116556,116574,116578,116596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116521,116522,116524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116523,35042],{"class":3832},[44,116525,115663],{"class":50},[44,116527,116528],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116529,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116531,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116533,12036],{"class":50},[44,116535,55],{"class":54},[44,116537,56220],{"class":58},[44,116539,63],{"class":62},[44,116541,66],{"class":58},[44,116543,69],{"class":62},[44,116545,18012],{"class":58},[44,116547,59],{"class":58},[44,116549,85],{"class":62},[44,116551,66],{"class":58},[44,116553,90],{"class":62},[44,116555,53186],{"class":58},[44,116557,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116559,115718],{"class":50},[44,116561,55],{"class":54},[44,116563,115703],{"class":50},[44,116565,108],{"class":58},[44,116567,115727],{"class":111},[44,116569,115],{"class":58},[44,116571,12083],{"class":111},[44,116573,121],{"class":58},[44,116575,116576],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116577,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116579,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588,116591,116593],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116581,128],{"class":127},[44,116583,115],{"class":58},[44,116585,12036],{"class":111},[44,116587,12144],{"class":3832},[44,116589,116590],{"class":111}," deep",[44,116592,1476],{"class":58},[44,116594,116595],{"class":140},"         # False\n",[44,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116599,128],{"class":127},[44,116601,115],{"class":58},[44,116603,12083],{"class":111},[44,116605,3856],{"class":58},[44,116607,746],{"class":62},[44,116609,13224],{"class":58},[44,116611,8044],{"class":3832},[44,116613,116590],{"class":111},[44,116615,3856],{"class":58},[44,116617,746],{"class":62},[44,116619,20396],{"class":58},[44,116621,43823],{"class":140},[30,116623,116625],{"id":116624},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116627,116628,116629,159],{},"These all make ",[214,116630,116631],{},"shallow copies",[161,116633,116634,116638,116642,116647,116653],{},[164,116635,116636],{},[15,116637,55530],{},[164,116639,116640],{},[15,116641,12385],{},[164,116643,116644],{},[15,116645,116646],{},"set.copy()",[164,116648,116649,116650],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116651,116652],{},"my_list[:]",[164,116654,116655,116657,116658,35032],{},[15,116656,115805],{}," from the ",[15,116659,12861],{},[20,116661,2083],{},[35,116663,116665],{"className":37,"code":116664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116666,116667,116687,116691,116705,116716,116720,116732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116668,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681,116683,116685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116670,51],{"class":50},[44,116672,55],{"class":54},[44,116674,59],{"class":58},[44,116676,63],{"class":62},[44,116678,66],{"class":58},[44,116680,69],{"class":62},[44,116682,66],{"class":58},[44,116684,2408],{"class":62},[44,116686,72],{"class":58},[44,116688,116689],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116690,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116692,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116694,2511],{"class":50},[44,116696,55],{"class":54},[44,116698,916],{"class":50},[44,116700,108],{"class":58},[44,116702,12861],{"class":111},[44,116704,8590],{"class":58},[44,116706,116707,116709,116711,116713],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116708,2539],{"class":50},[44,116710,55],{"class":54},[44,116712,916],{"class":50},[44,116714,116715],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,116717,116718],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116719,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116721,116722,116724,116726,116728,116730],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116723,128],{"class":127},[44,116725,115],{"class":58},[44,116727,394],{"class":111},[44,116729,1476],{"class":58},[44,116731,54864],{"class":140},[44,116733,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116735,128],{"class":127},[44,116737,115],{"class":58},[44,116739,4714],{"class":111},[44,116741,1476],{"class":58},[44,116743,54864],{"class":140},[20,116745,72906,116746,47485,116750,108],{},[394,116747,116748,574],{"href":1858},[15,116749,55530],{},[394,116751,116752,574],{"href":12382},[15,116753,12385],{},[30,116755,116757],{"id":116756},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116759,116760],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[161,116762,116763,116766,116769],{},[164,116764,116765],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[164,116767,116768],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[164,116770,116771],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116773,116774],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116776,116778],{"className":37,"code":116777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116779,116780,116800,116814,116818,116832,116836,116848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116781,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116783,12036],{"class":50},[44,116785,55],{"class":54},[44,116787,59],{"class":58},[44,116789,63],{"class":62},[44,116791,66],{"class":58},[44,116793,69],{"class":62},[44,116795,66],{"class":58},[44,116797,2408],{"class":62},[44,116799,72],{"class":58},[44,116801,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116803,14260],{"class":50},[44,116805,55],{"class":54},[44,116807,12111],{"class":50},[44,116809,108],{"class":58},[44,116811,12861],{"class":111},[44,116813,8590],{"class":58},[44,116815,116816],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116817,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116819,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116821,14279],{"class":50},[44,116823,108],{"class":58},[44,116825,520],{"class":111},[44,116827,115],{"class":58},[44,116829,2461],{"class":62},[44,116831,121],{"class":58},[44,116833,116834],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116835,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116837,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116839,128],{"class":127},[44,116841,115],{"class":58},[44,116843,12083],{"class":111},[44,116845,1476],{"class":58},[44,116847,54864],{"class":140},[44,116849,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116851,128],{"class":127},[44,116853,115],{"class":58},[44,116855,14279],{"class":111},[44,116857,1476],{"class":58},[44,116859,116329],{"class":140},[20,116861,116862],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116864,116865,116866,108],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[394,116867,14836],{"href":57143},[30,116869,116871],{"id":116870},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116873,116874],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[161,116876,116877,116880,116883],{},[164,116878,116879],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[164,116881,116882],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[164,116884,116885],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116887,116888],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116890,116892],{"className":37,"code":116891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116893,116894,116900,116904,116930,116944,116962,116966,116988,116992,117005,117018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116895,116896,116898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116897,35042],{"class":3832},[44,116899,115663],{"class":50},[44,116901,116902],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,116903,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116905,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,116907,12036],{"class":50},[44,116909,55],{"class":54},[44,116911,10441],{"class":58},[44,116913,273],{"class":272},[44,116915,16338],{"class":276},[44,116917,273],{"class":272},[44,116919,159],{"class":58},[44,116921,59],{"class":58},[44,116923,2287],{"class":62},[44,116925,66],{"class":58},[44,116927,7738],{"class":62},[44,116929,13654],{"class":58},[44,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116933,115698],{"class":50},[44,116935,55],{"class":54},[44,116937,12111],{"class":50},[44,116939,108],{"class":58},[44,116941,12861],{"class":111},[44,116943,8590],{"class":58},[44,116945,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,116947,115718],{"class":50},[44,116949,55],{"class":54},[44,116951,115703],{"class":50},[44,116953,108],{"class":58},[44,116955,115727],{"class":111},[44,116957,115],{"class":58},[44,116959,12083],{"class":111},[44,116961,121],{"class":58},[44,116963,116964],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,116965,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116967,116968,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,116969,12083],{"class":50},[44,116971,3856],{"class":58},[44,116973,273],{"class":272},[44,116975,16338],{"class":276},[44,116977,273],{"class":272},[44,116979,13499],{"class":58},[44,116981,520],{"class":111},[44,116983,115],{"class":58},[44,116985,36791],{"class":62},[44,116987,121],{"class":58},[44,116989,116990],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,116991,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,116993,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,116995,128],{"class":127},[44,116997,115],{"class":58},[44,116999,12083],{"class":111},[44,117001,1476],{"class":58},[44,117003,117004],{"class":140},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117006,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015],{"class":46,"line":1622},[44,117008,128],{"class":127},[44,117010,115],{"class":58},[44,117012,115781],{"class":111},[44,117014,1476],{"class":58},[44,117016,117017],{"class":140},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117019,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":46,"line":11545},[44,117021,128],{"class":127},[44,117023,115],{"class":58},[44,117025,115795],{"class":111},[44,117027,1476],{"class":58},[44,117029,117030],{"class":140},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117032,117033],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,117035,117037],{"id":117036},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117039,117040],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[161,117042,117043,117046,117049,117052],{},[164,117044,117045],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[164,117047,117048],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[164,117050,117051],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[164,117053,117054],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117056,117057],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,117059,117061],{"className":37,"code":117060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117062,117063,117071,117079,117083,117091,117095,117107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117064,117065,117067,117069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117066,2511],{"class":50},[44,117068,55],{"class":54},[44,117070,2544],{"class":62},[44,117072,117073,117075,117077],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117074,2539],{"class":50},[44,117076,55],{"class":54},[44,117078,36126],{"class":50},[44,117080,117081],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,117082,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,117084,117085,117087,117089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117086,2539],{"class":50},[44,117088,55],{"class":54},[44,117090,14563],{"class":62},[44,117092,117093],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,117094,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,117096,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,117098,128],{"class":127},[44,117100,115],{"class":58},[44,117102,394],{"class":111},[44,117104,1476],{"class":58},[44,117106,26746],{"class":140},[44,117108,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,117110,128],{"class":127},[44,117112,115],{"class":58},[44,117114,4714],{"class":111},[44,117116,1476],{"class":58},[44,117118,27567],{"class":140},[20,117120,93277,117121,117124],{},[394,117122,117123],{"href":12015},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117126,2788],{"id":2787},[20,117128,117129],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[161,117131,117132,117136,117141,117146,117149],{},[164,117133,582,117134,56709],{},[15,117135,55],{},[164,117137,582,117138,117140],{},[15,117139,55530],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[164,117142,582,117143,117145],{},[15,117144,12385],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[164,117147,117148],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[164,117150,117151],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117153,117154],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117156,117158],{"className":37,"code":117157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117159,117160,117174,117188,117210,117241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117161,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117163,128],{"class":127},[44,117165,115],{"class":58},[44,117167,12036],{"class":111},[44,117169,12144],{"class":3832},[44,117171,14333],{"class":111},[44,117173,121],{"class":58},[44,117175,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117177,128],{"class":127},[44,117179,115],{"class":58},[44,117181,12036],{"class":111},[44,117183,4641],{"class":54},[44,117185,14333],{"class":111},[44,117187,121],{"class":58},[44,117189,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,117191,128],{"class":127},[44,117193,115],{"class":58},[44,117195,12600],{"class":127},[44,117197,115],{"class":58},[44,117199,12083],{"class":111},[44,117201,9182],{"class":58},[44,117203,14764],{"class":127},[44,117205,115],{"class":58},[44,117207,14279],{"class":111},[44,117209,637],{"class":58},[44,117211,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224,117226,117229,117231,117233,117235,117237,117239],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117213,128],{"class":127},[44,117215,115],{"class":58},[44,117217,12600],{"class":127},[44,117219,115],{"class":58},[44,117221,12083],{"class":111},[44,117223,3856],{"class":58},[44,117225,746],{"class":62},[44,117227,117228],{"class":58},"]),",[44,117230,14764],{"class":127},[44,117232,115],{"class":58},[44,117234,14279],{"class":111},[44,117236,3856],{"class":58},[44,117238,746],{"class":62},[44,117240,2957],{"class":58},[44,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,117244,128],{"class":127},[44,117246,115],{"class":58},[44,117248,1459],{"class":1458},[44,117250,115],{"class":58},[44,117252,12083],{"class":111},[44,117254,637],{"class":58},[20,117256,117257],{},"What they tell you:",[161,117259,117260,117265,117270,117275,117285],{},[164,117261,117262,117264],{},[15,117263,12144],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[164,117266,117267,117269],{},[15,117268,4641],{}," checks whether values are equal",[164,117271,117272,117274],{},[15,117273,43440],{}," shows the identity of an object",[164,117276,117277,117278,398,117281,117284],{},"comparing ",[15,117279,117280],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117282,117283],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[164,117286,117287,117289],{},[15,117288,2258],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117291,1757],{"id":1756},[420,117293,117295],{"id":117294},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117297,117298],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[420,117300,57192],{"id":57108},[20,117302,117303],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[420,117305,117307],{"id":117306},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117309,117310],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[420,117312,117314],{"id":117313},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117316,117317],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[420,117319,117321],{"id":117320},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117323,117324],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117326,1821],{"id":1820},[161,117328,117329,117334,117340,117346,117350],{},[164,117330,117331],{},[394,117332,117333],{"href":12015},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[164,117335,117336],{},[394,117337,3536,117338,574],{"href":1858},[15,117339,55530],{},[164,117341,117342],{},[394,117343,3536,117344,574],{"href":12382},[15,117345,12385],{},[164,117347,117348],{},[394,117349,14913],{"href":57143},[164,117351,117352],{},[394,117353,117354],{"href":58417},"What is a list in Python?",[1872,117356,117357],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":117359},[117360,117361,117362,117363,117364,117365,117370,117371,117372,117373,117374,117375,117382],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":115815,"depth":75,"text":115816},{"id":115836,"depth":75,"text":115837},{"id":116079,"depth":75,"text":116080},{"id":116219,"depth":75,"text":116220},{"id":116335,"depth":75,"text":116336,"children":117366},[117367,117368,117369],{"id":116342,"depth":95,"text":116343},{"id":116411,"depth":95,"text":116412},{"id":116510,"depth":95,"text":116511},{"id":116624,"depth":75,"text":116625},{"id":116756,"depth":75,"text":116757},{"id":116870,"depth":75,"text":116871},{"id":117036,"depth":75,"text":117037},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":117376},[117377,117378,117379,117380,117381],{"id":117294,"depth":95,"text":117295},{"id":57108,"depth":95,"text":57192},{"id":117306,"depth":95,"text":117307},{"id":117313,"depth":95,"text":117314},{"id":117320,"depth":95,"text":117321},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115616,"description":117383},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117389,"title":117390,"body":117391,"description":119248,"extension":1921,"meta":119249,"navigation":98,"path":119250,"seo":119251,"stem":119252,"__hash__":119253},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117392,"toc":119206},[117393,117398,117403,117411,117413,117481,117486,117491,117506,117509,117511,117542,117544,117564,117567,117582,117584,117587,117660,117662,117707,117709,117720,117725,117729,117734,117737,117776,117778,117798,117801,117858,117860,117895,117898,117937,117939,117959,117962,117993,117995,118051,118053,118058,118129,118131,118164,118169,118174,118239,118241,118278,118281,118358,118360,118420,118427,118432,118435,118438,118519,118521,118562,118567,118570,118648,118650,118683,118692,118699,118702,118713,118716,118727,118731,118739,118748,118752,118757,118761,118766,118809,118812,118818,118821,118823,118870,118875,118879,118882,118931,118933,118954,118957,118959,118984,118987,119108,119113,119115,119120,119123,119128,119131,119139,119144,119151,119154,119162,119165,119167,119203],[10,117394,3536,117396,3540],{"id":117395},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117397,74190],{},[20,117399,117400,117402],{},[15,117401,74190],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117404,117405,117406,798,117408,117410],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117407,77633],{},[15,117409,74190],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117412,3570],{"id":3569},[35,117414,117416],{"className":37,"code":117415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117417,117418,117438,117452,117456,117468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117419,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117421,51],{"class":50},[44,117423,55],{"class":54},[44,117425,59],{"class":58},[44,117427,85],{"class":62},[44,117429,66],{"class":58},[44,117431,5450],{"class":62},[44,117433,66],{"class":58},[44,117435,69],{"class":62},[44,117437,72],{"class":58},[44,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117441,911],{"class":50},[44,117443,55],{"class":54},[44,117445,74324],{"class":127},[44,117447,115],{"class":58},[44,117449,105],{"class":111},[44,117451,121],{"class":58},[44,117453,117454],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,117455,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117459,128],{"class":127},[44,117461,115],{"class":58},[44,117463,943],{"class":111},[44,117465,1476],{"class":58},[44,117467,55615],{"class":140},[44,117469,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,117471,128],{"class":127},[44,117473,115],{"class":58},[44,117475,105],{"class":111},[44,117477,1476],{"class":58},[44,117479,117480],{"class":140},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117482,117483,117485],{},[15,117484,74190],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117487,151,117489,154],{"id":117488},"what-sorted-does",[15,117490,74190],{},[161,117492,117493,117497,117500,117503],{},[164,117494,117495,62691],{},[15,117496,74190],{},[164,117498,117499],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[164,117501,117502],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[164,117504,117505],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117507,117508],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117510,188],{"id":187},[35,117512,117514],{"className":37,"code":117513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117515,117516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117517,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117519,74280],{"class":127},[44,117521,115],{"class":58},[44,117523,207],{"class":111},[44,117525,66],{"class":58},[44,117527,21530],{"class":9124},[44,117529,55],{"class":54},[44,117531,178],{"class":1582},[44,117533,66],{"class":58},[44,117535,77836],{"class":9124},[44,117537,55],{"class":54},[44,117539,3633],{"class":1582},[44,117541,121],{"class":58},[420,117543,17344],{"id":17343},[161,117545,117546,117551,117556],{},[164,117547,117548,117550],{},[15,117549,207],{},": the values to sort",[164,117552,117553,117555],{},[15,117554,14789],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[164,117557,117558,117560,117561,117563],{},[15,117559,73343],{},": set to ",[15,117562,3565],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117565,117566],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117568,117570],{"className":37,"code":117569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117571,117572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117573,117574,117576,117578,117580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117575,74280],{"class":127},[44,117577,115],{"class":58},[44,117579,60230],{"class":111},[44,117581,121],{"class":58},[30,117583,11425],{"id":11424},[20,117585,117586],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117588,117590],{"className":37,"code":117589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117591,117592,117616,117620,117635,117639,117650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117593,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117595,51],{"class":50},[44,117597,55],{"class":54},[44,117599,59],{"class":58},[44,117601,1410],{"class":62},[44,117603,66],{"class":58},[44,117605,69],{"class":62},[44,117607,66],{"class":58},[44,117609,6310],{"class":62},[44,117611,66],{"class":58},[44,117613,5450],{"class":62},[44,117615,72],{"class":58},[44,117617,117618],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117619,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,117621,117622,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,117623,117624],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117626,55],{"class":54},[44,117628,74324],{"class":127},[44,117630,115],{"class":58},[44,117632,105],{"class":111},[44,117634,121],{"class":58},[44,117636,117637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117638,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,117640,117641,117643,117645,117648],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,117642,128],{"class":127},[44,117644,115],{"class":58},[44,117646,117647],{"class":111},"sorted_numbers",[44,117649,121],{"class":58},[44,117651,117652,117654,117656,117658],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,117653,128],{"class":127},[44,117655,115],{"class":58},[44,117657,105],{"class":111},[44,117659,121],{"class":58},[20,117661,2028],{},[35,117663,117665],{"className":37,"code":117664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117666,117667,117687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117668,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679,117681,117683,117685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117670,3856],{"class":58},[44,117672,63],{"class":62},[44,117674,66],{"class":58},[44,117676,69],{"class":62},[44,117678,66],{"class":58},[44,117680,4557],{"class":62},[44,117682,66],{"class":58},[44,117684,6310],{"class":62},[44,117686,72],{"class":58},[44,117688,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117690,3856],{"class":58},[44,117692,1410],{"class":62},[44,117694,66],{"class":58},[44,117696,69],{"class":62},[44,117698,66],{"class":58},[44,117700,6310],{"class":62},[44,117702,66],{"class":58},[44,117704,5450],{"class":62},[44,117706,72],{"class":58},[20,117708,13711],{},[161,117710,117711,117716],{},[164,117712,117713,117715],{},[15,117714,117647],{}," is a new sorted list",[164,117717,117718,112252],{},[15,117719,105],{},[20,117721,117722,117723,108],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[394,117724,78143],{"href":78142},[30,117726,117728],{"id":117727},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117730,117731,117733],{},[15,117732,74190],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[420,117735,117736],{"id":226},"List",[35,117738,117740],{"className":37,"code":117739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117741,117742,117762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117743,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117745,51],{"class":50},[44,117747,55],{"class":54},[44,117749,59],{"class":58},[44,117751,85],{"class":62},[44,117753,66],{"class":58},[44,117755,5450],{"class":62},[44,117757,66],{"class":58},[44,117759,69],{"class":62},[44,117761,72],{"class":58},[44,117763,117764,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117765,128],{"class":127},[44,117767,115],{"class":58},[44,117769,74280],{"class":127},[44,117771,115],{"class":58},[44,117773,105],{"class":111},[44,117775,637],{"class":58},[20,117777,2028],{},[35,117779,117780],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117781,117782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117783,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117785,3856],{"class":58},[44,117787,63],{"class":62},[44,117789,66],{"class":58},[44,117791,69],{"class":62},[44,117793,66],{"class":58},[44,117795,2408],{"class":62},[44,117797,72],{"class":58},[420,117799,117800],{"id":231},"Tuple",[35,117802,117804],{"className":37,"code":117803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117805,117806,117826,117840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117807,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117809,604],{"class":50},[44,117811,55],{"class":54},[44,117813,9185],{"class":58},[44,117815,85],{"class":62},[44,117817,66],{"class":58},[44,117819,5450],{"class":62},[44,117821,66],{"class":58},[44,117823,69],{"class":62},[44,117825,121],{"class":58},[44,117827,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117829,128],{"class":127},[44,117831,115],{"class":58},[44,117833,74280],{"class":127},[44,117835,115],{"class":58},[44,117837,621],{"class":111},[44,117839,637],{"class":58},[44,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,117843,128],{"class":127},[44,117845,115],{"class":58},[44,117847,1459],{"class":1458},[44,117849,115],{"class":58},[44,117851,74280],{"class":127},[44,117853,115],{"class":58},[44,117855,621],{"class":111},[44,117857,2871],{"class":58},[20,117859,2028],{},[35,117861,117863],{"className":37,"code":117862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117864,117865,117881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117866,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117868,3856],{"class":58},[44,117870,63],{"class":62},[44,117872,66],{"class":58},[44,117874,69],{"class":62},[44,117876,66],{"class":58},[44,117878,2408],{"class":62},[44,117880,72],{"class":58},[44,117882,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117884,3248],{"class":54},[44,117886,3251],{"class":2022},[44,117888,3254],{"class":272},[44,117890,226],{"class":276},[44,117892,3259],{"class":272},[44,117894,3262],{"class":54},[420,117896,117897],{"id":236},"Set",[35,117899,117901],{"className":37,"code":117900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117902,117903,117923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117906,604],{"class":50},[44,117908,55],{"class":54},[44,117910,10441],{"class":58},[44,117912,85],{"class":62},[44,117914,66],{"class":58},[44,117916,5450],{"class":62},[44,117918,66],{"class":58},[44,117920,69],{"class":62},[44,117922,9258],{"class":58},[44,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117926,128],{"class":127},[44,117928,115],{"class":58},[44,117930,74280],{"class":127},[44,117932,115],{"class":58},[44,117934,621],{"class":111},[44,117936,637],{"class":58},[20,117938,2028],{},[35,117940,117941],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117942,117943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117944,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117946,3856],{"class":58},[44,117948,63],{"class":62},[44,117950,66],{"class":58},[44,117952,69],{"class":62},[44,117954,66],{"class":58},[44,117956,2408],{"class":62},[44,117958,72],{"class":58},[420,117960,117961],{"id":241},"String",[35,117963,117965],{"className":37,"code":117964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117966,117967,117979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117968,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117970,34638],{"class":50},[44,117972,55],{"class":54},[44,117974,284],{"class":272},[44,117976,39],{"class":276},[44,117978,3318],{"class":272},[44,117980,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,117982,128],{"class":127},[44,117984,115],{"class":58},[44,117986,74280],{"class":127},[44,117988,115],{"class":58},[44,117990,34659],{"class":111},[44,117992,637],{"class":58},[20,117994,2028],{},[35,117996,117997],{"className":37,"code":79160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117998,117999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118000,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118002,3856],{"class":58},[44,118004,3259],{"class":272},[44,118006,60361],{"class":276},[44,118008,3259],{"class":272},[44,118010,66],{"class":58},[44,118012,3254],{"class":272},[44,118014,75796],{"class":276},[44,118016,3259],{"class":272},[44,118018,66],{"class":58},[44,118020,3254],{"class":272},[44,118022,60396],{"class":276},[44,118024,3259],{"class":272},[44,118026,66],{"class":58},[44,118028,3254],{"class":272},[44,118030,20],{"class":276},[44,118032,3259],{"class":272},[44,118034,66],{"class":58},[44,118036,3254],{"class":272},[44,118038,63052],{"class":276},[44,118040,3259],{"class":272},[44,118042,66],{"class":58},[44,118044,3254],{"class":272},[44,118046,11695],{"class":276},[44,118048,3259],{"class":272},[44,118050,72],{"class":58},[420,118052,29174],{"id":15553},[20,118054,63305,118055,118057],{},[15,118056,74190],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,118059,118061],{"className":37,"code":118060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118062,118063,118115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118064,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118066,13155],{"class":50},[44,118068,55],{"class":54},[44,118070,10441],{"class":58},[44,118072,273],{"class":272},[44,118074,7616],{"class":276},[44,118076,273],{"class":272},[44,118078,159],{"class":58},[44,118080,284],{"class":272},[44,118082,12830],{"class":276},[44,118084,273],{"class":272},[44,118086,66],{"class":58},[44,118088,284],{"class":272},[44,118090,9248],{"class":276},[44,118092,273],{"class":272},[44,118094,159],{"class":58},[44,118096,7738],{"class":62},[44,118098,66],{"class":58},[44,118100,284],{"class":272},[44,118102,10359],{"class":276},[44,118104,273],{"class":272},[44,118106,159],{"class":58},[44,118108,284],{"class":272},[44,118110,15980],{"class":276},[44,118112,273],{"class":272},[44,118114,9258],{"class":58},[44,118116,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118118,128],{"class":127},[44,118120,115],{"class":58},[44,118122,74280],{"class":127},[44,118124,115],{"class":58},[44,118126,17256],{"class":111},[44,118128,637],{"class":58},[20,118130,2028],{},[35,118132,118134],{"className":37,"code":118133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118135,118136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118137,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118139,3856],{"class":58},[44,118141,3259],{"class":272},[44,118143,9248],{"class":276},[44,118145,3259],{"class":272},[44,118147,66],{"class":58},[44,118149,3254],{"class":272},[44,118151,10359],{"class":276},[44,118153,3259],{"class":272},[44,118155,66],{"class":58},[44,118157,3254],{"class":272},[44,118159,7616],{"class":276},[44,118161,3259],{"class":272},[44,118163,72],{"class":58},[30,118165,582,118167],{"id":118166},"using-reversetrue",[15,118168,77857],{},[20,118170,144,118171,118173],{},[15,118172,77857],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118175,118177],{"className":37,"code":118176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118178,118179,118199,118203,118217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118180,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118182,51],{"class":50},[44,118184,55],{"class":54},[44,118186,59],{"class":58},[44,118188,85],{"class":62},[44,118190,66],{"class":58},[44,118192,5450],{"class":62},[44,118194,66],{"class":58},[44,118196,69],{"class":62},[44,118198,72],{"class":58},[44,118200,118201],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118202,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,118204,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,118206,128],{"class":127},[44,118208,115],{"class":58},[44,118210,74280],{"class":127},[44,118212,115],{"class":58},[44,118214,105],{"class":111},[44,118216,637],{"class":58},[44,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118220,128],{"class":127},[44,118222,115],{"class":58},[44,118224,74280],{"class":127},[44,118226,115],{"class":58},[44,118228,105],{"class":111},[44,118230,66],{"class":58},[44,118232,77836],{"class":9124},[44,118234,55],{"class":54},[44,118236,3565],{"class":1582},[44,118238,637],{"class":58},[20,118240,2028],{},[35,118242,118244],{"className":37,"code":118243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118245,118246,118262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118247,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118249,3856],{"class":58},[44,118251,63],{"class":62},[44,118253,66],{"class":58},[44,118255,69],{"class":62},[44,118257,66],{"class":58},[44,118259,2408],{"class":62},[44,118261,72],{"class":58},[44,118263,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118265,3856],{"class":58},[44,118267,85],{"class":62},[44,118269,66],{"class":58},[44,118271,69],{"class":62},[44,118273,66],{"class":58},[44,118275,5450],{"class":62},[44,118277,72],{"class":58},[20,118279,118280],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118282,118284],{"className":37,"code":118283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118285,118286,118318,118322,118336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118287,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118289,1253],{"class":50},[44,118291,55],{"class":54},[44,118293,59],{"class":58},[44,118295,273],{"class":272},[44,118297,277],{"class":276},[44,118299,273],{"class":272},[44,118301,66],{"class":58},[44,118303,284],{"class":272},[44,118305,287],{"class":276},[44,118307,273],{"class":272},[44,118309,66],{"class":58},[44,118311,284],{"class":272},[44,118313,4051],{"class":276},[44,118315,273],{"class":272},[44,118317,72],{"class":58},[44,118319,118320],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118321,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,118323,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,118325,128],{"class":127},[44,118327,115],{"class":58},[44,118329,74280],{"class":127},[44,118331,115],{"class":58},[44,118333,1271],{"class":111},[44,118335,637],{"class":58},[44,118337,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118339,128],{"class":127},[44,118341,115],{"class":58},[44,118343,74280],{"class":127},[44,118345,115],{"class":58},[44,118347,1271],{"class":111},[44,118349,66],{"class":58},[44,118351,77836],{"class":9124},[44,118353,55],{"class":54},[44,118355,3565],{"class":1582},[44,118357,637],{"class":58},[20,118359,2028],{},[35,118361,118362],{"className":37,"code":73924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118363,118364,118392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118367,3856],{"class":58},[44,118369,3259],{"class":272},[44,118371,277],{"class":276},[44,118373,3259],{"class":272},[44,118375,66],{"class":58},[44,118377,3254],{"class":272},[44,118379,287],{"class":276},[44,118381,3259],{"class":272},[44,118383,66],{"class":58},[44,118385,3254],{"class":272},[44,118387,4051],{"class":276},[44,118389,3259],{"class":272},[44,118391,72],{"class":58},[44,118393,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118395,3856],{"class":58},[44,118397,3259],{"class":272},[44,118399,4051],{"class":276},[44,118401,3259],{"class":272},[44,118403,66],{"class":58},[44,118405,3254],{"class":272},[44,118407,287],{"class":276},[44,118409,3259],{"class":272},[44,118411,66],{"class":58},[44,118413,3254],{"class":272},[44,118415,277],{"class":276},[44,118417,3259],{"class":272},[44,118419,72],{"class":58},[30,118421,582,118423,118426],{"id":118422},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118424,118425],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118428,1938,118429,118431],{},[15,118430,118425],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118433,118434],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118436,118437],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118439,118441],{"className":37,"code":118440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118442,118443,118483,118487,118509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118446,1253],{"class":50},[44,118448,55],{"class":54},[44,118450,59],{"class":58},[44,118452,273],{"class":272},[44,118454,78510],{"class":276},[44,118456,273],{"class":272},[44,118458,66],{"class":58},[44,118460,284],{"class":272},[44,118462,38309],{"class":276},[44,118464,273],{"class":272},[44,118466,66],{"class":58},[44,118468,284],{"class":272},[44,118470,287],{"class":276},[44,118472,273],{"class":272},[44,118474,66],{"class":58},[44,118476,284],{"class":272},[44,118478,38292],{"class":276},[44,118480,273],{"class":272},[44,118482,72],{"class":58},[44,118484,118485],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118486,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,118488,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,118490,911],{"class":50},[44,118492,55],{"class":54},[44,118494,74324],{"class":127},[44,118496,115],{"class":58},[44,118498,1271],{"class":111},[44,118500,66],{"class":58},[44,118502,21530],{"class":9124},[44,118504,55],{"class":54},[44,118506,11112],{"class":127},[44,118508,121],{"class":58},[44,118510,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118512,128],{"class":127},[44,118514,115],{"class":58},[44,118516,943],{"class":111},[44,118518,121],{"class":58},[20,118520,2028],{},[35,118522,118524],{"className":37,"code":118523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118525,118526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118527,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118529,3856],{"class":58},[44,118531,3259],{"class":272},[44,118533,38309],{"class":276},[44,118535,3259],{"class":272},[44,118537,66],{"class":58},[44,118539,3254],{"class":272},[44,118541,78510],{"class":276},[44,118543,3259],{"class":272},[44,118545,66],{"class":58},[44,118547,3254],{"class":272},[44,118549,38292],{"class":276},[44,118551,3259],{"class":272},[44,118553,66],{"class":58},[44,118555,3254],{"class":272},[44,118557,287],{"class":276},[44,118559,3259],{"class":272},[44,118561,72],{"class":58},[20,118563,20721,118564,118566],{},[15,118565,11112],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118568,118569],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118571,118573],{"className":37,"code":118572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118574,118575,118608,118612,118638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118576,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118604,118606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118578,1253],{"class":50},[44,118580,55],{"class":54},[44,118582,59],{"class":58},[44,118584,273],{"class":272},[44,118586,83129],{"class":276},[44,118588,273],{"class":272},[44,118590,66],{"class":58},[44,118592,284],{"class":272},[44,118594,277],{"class":276},[44,118596,273],{"class":272},[44,118598,66],{"class":58},[44,118600,284],{"class":272},[44,118602,118603],{"class":276},"Cherry",[44,118605,273],{"class":272},[44,118607,72],{"class":58},[44,118609,118610],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118611,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,118613,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,118615,911],{"class":50},[44,118617,55],{"class":54},[44,118619,74324],{"class":127},[44,118621,115],{"class":58},[44,118623,1271],{"class":111},[44,118625,66],{"class":58},[44,118627,21530],{"class":9124},[44,118629,55],{"class":54},[44,118631,3403],{"class":1458},[44,118633,108],{"class":58},[44,118635,8587],{"class":1492},[44,118637,121],{"class":58},[44,118639,118640,118642,118644,118646],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118641,128],{"class":127},[44,118643,115],{"class":58},[44,118645,943],{"class":111},[44,118647,121],{"class":58},[20,118649,2028],{},[35,118651,118653],{"className":37,"code":118652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118654,118655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118656,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118658,3856],{"class":58},[44,118660,3259],{"class":272},[44,118662,277],{"class":276},[44,118664,3259],{"class":272},[44,118666,66],{"class":58},[44,118668,3254],{"class":272},[44,118670,83129],{"class":276},[44,118672,3259],{"class":272},[44,118674,66],{"class":58},[44,118676,3254],{"class":272},[44,118678,118603],{"class":276},[44,118680,3259],{"class":272},[44,118682,72],{"class":58},[20,118684,118685,118686,35281,118688,108],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118687,42312],{},[394,118689,3536,118690,3469],{"href":42309},[15,118691,42312],{},[30,118693,118695,408,118697],{"id":118694},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118696,74190],{},[15,118698,77633],{},[20,118700,118701],{},"The main difference is this:",[161,118703,118704,118709],{},[164,118705,118706,118708],{},[15,118707,74190],{}," returns a new list",[164,118710,118711,73728],{},[15,118712,77633],{},[20,118714,118715],{},"Also:",[161,118717,118718,118723],{},[164,118719,118720,118722],{},[15,118721,74190],{}," works with many iterables",[164,118724,118725,79066],{},[15,118726,77633],{},[20,118728,144,118729,10551],{},[15,118730,74190],{},[161,118732,118733,118736],{},[164,118734,118735],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[164,118737,118738],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118740,118741,118742,108],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[394,118743,3536,118744,408,118746,5734],{"href":78891},[15,118745,74190],{},[15,118747,77633],{},[30,118749,118751],{"id":118750},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118753,118754,118755,108],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118756,74190],{},[420,118758,118760],{"id":118759},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118762,118763,118764,159],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118765,1424],{},[35,118767,118769],{"className":37,"code":118768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118770,118771,118795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118772,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118774,604],{"class":50},[44,118776,55],{"class":54},[44,118778,59],{"class":58},[44,118780,63],{"class":62},[44,118782,66],{"class":58},[44,118784,284],{"class":272},[44,118786,801],{"class":276},[44,118788,273],{"class":272},[44,118790,66],{"class":58},[44,118792,2408],{"class":62},[44,118794,72],{"class":58},[44,118796,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118798,128],{"class":127},[44,118800,115],{"class":58},[44,118802,74280],{"class":127},[44,118804,115],{"class":58},[44,118806,621],{"class":111},[44,118808,637],{"class":58},[20,118810,118811],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[420,118813,118815,118816,2259],{"id":118814},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118817,14789],{},[20,118819,118820],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118822,2164],{},[35,118824,118826],{"className":37,"code":118825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118827,118828,118848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118829,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118831,51],{"class":50},[44,118833,55],{"class":54},[44,118835,59],{"class":58},[44,118837,2287],{"class":62},[44,118839,66],{"class":58},[44,118841,69],{"class":62},[44,118843,66],{"class":58},[44,118845,7743],{"class":62},[44,118847,72],{"class":58},[44,118849,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118851,128],{"class":127},[44,118853,115],{"class":58},[44,118855,74280],{"class":127},[44,118857,115],{"class":58},[44,118859,105],{"class":111},[44,118861,66],{"class":58},[44,118863,21530],{"class":9124},[44,118865,55],{"class":54},[44,118867,11112],{"class":127},[44,118869,637],{"class":58},[20,118871,48462,118872,118874],{},[15,118873,42312],{}," does not work on integers.",[420,118876,118878],{"id":118877},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118880,118881],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118883,118885],{"className":37,"code":118884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118886,118887,118907,118917,118921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118888,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899,118901,118903,118905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118890,51],{"class":50},[44,118892,55],{"class":54},[44,118894,59],{"class":58},[44,118896,85],{"class":62},[44,118898,66],{"class":58},[44,118900,5450],{"class":62},[44,118902,66],{"class":58},[44,118904,69],{"class":62},[44,118906,72],{"class":58},[44,118908,118909,118911,118913,118915],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,118910,74280],{"class":127},[44,118912,115],{"class":58},[44,118914,105],{"class":111},[44,118916,121],{"class":58},[44,118918,118919],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,118920,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,118922,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118924,128],{"class":127},[44,118926,115],{"class":58},[44,118928,105],{"class":111},[44,118930,121],{"class":58},[20,118932,2028],{},[35,118934,118936],{"className":37,"code":118935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118937,118938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118939,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118941,3856],{"class":58},[44,118943,85],{"class":62},[44,118945,66],{"class":58},[44,118947,5450],{"class":62},[44,118949,66],{"class":58},[44,118951,69],{"class":62},[44,118953,72],{"class":58},[20,118955,118956],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,118958,2788],{"id":2787},[161,118960,118961,118965,118968,118973,118977],{},[164,118962,4531,118963,73728],{},[15,118964,74190],{},[164,118966,118967],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[164,118969,4657,118970,118972],{},[15,118971,74190],{}," always returns a list",[164,118974,582,118975,23054],{},[15,118976,118425],{},[164,118978,29601,118979,118981,118982],{},[15,118980,64077],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118983,74190],{},[20,118985,118986],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118988,118990],{"className":37,"code":118989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118991,118992,119014,119040,119078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118993,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118995,128],{"class":127},[44,118997,115],{"class":58},[44,118999,74280],{"class":127},[44,119001,457],{"class":58},[44,119003,85],{"class":62},[44,119005,66],{"class":58},[44,119007,5450],{"class":62},[44,119009,66],{"class":58},[44,119011,69],{"class":62},[44,119013,2957],{"class":58},[44,119015,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119017,128],{"class":127},[44,119019,115],{"class":58},[44,119021,1459],{"class":1458},[44,119023,115],{"class":58},[44,119025,74280],{"class":127},[44,119027,628],{"class":58},[44,119029,85],{"class":62},[44,119031,66],{"class":58},[44,119033,5450],{"class":62},[44,119035,66],{"class":58},[44,119037,69],{"class":62},[44,119039,93133],{"class":58},[44,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119043,128],{"class":127},[44,119045,115],{"class":58},[44,119047,74280],{"class":127},[44,119049,457],{"class":58},[44,119051,3259],{"class":272},[44,119053,83129],{"class":276},[44,119055,3259],{"class":272},[44,119057,66],{"class":58},[44,119059,3254],{"class":272},[44,119061,277],{"class":276},[44,119063,3259],{"class":272},[44,119065,18012],{"class":58},[44,119067,21530],{"class":9124},[44,119069,55],{"class":54},[44,119071,3403],{"class":1458},[44,119073,108],{"class":58},[44,119075,8587],{"class":1492},[44,119077,637],{"class":58},[44,119079,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119081,128],{"class":127},[44,119083,115],{"class":58},[44,119085,74280],{"class":127},[44,119087,457],{"class":58},[44,119089,85],{"class":62},[44,119091,66],{"class":58},[44,119093,5450],{"class":62},[44,119095,66],{"class":58},[44,119097,69],{"class":62},[44,119099,18012],{"class":58},[44,119101,77836],{"class":9124},[44,119103,55],{"class":54},[44,119105,3565],{"class":1582},[44,119107,637],{"class":58},[20,119109,119110,119111,108],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[394,119112,397],{"href":396},[30,119114,1757],{"id":1756},[420,119116,1761,119118,57087],{"id":119117},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119119,74190],{},[20,119121,119122],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[420,119124,5096,119126,12666],{"id":119125},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119127,74190],{},[20,119129,119130],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[420,119132,119134,119135,11042,119137,1778],{"id":119133},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119136,74190],{},[15,119138,77633],{},[20,119140,144,119141,119143],{},[15,119142,74190],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[420,119145,5096,119147,86217,119149,1778],{"id":119146},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119148,118425],{},[15,119150,74190],{},[20,119152,119153],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[420,119155,5112,119157,119159,119160,1778],{"id":119156},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119158,74190],{}," give a ",[15,119161,1424],{},[20,119163,119164],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119166,1821],{"id":1820},[161,119168,119169,119173,119181,119185,119191,119197],{},[164,119170,119171],{},[394,119172,79639],{"href":78142},[164,119174,119175],{},[394,119176,3536,119177,408,119179,5734],{"href":78891},[15,119178,74190],{},[15,119180,77633],{},[164,119182,119183],{},[394,119184,397],{"href":396},[164,119186,119187],{},[394,119188,3536,119189,3469],{"href":42309},[15,119190,42312],{},[164,119192,119193],{},[394,119194,3536,119195,3469],{"href":91789},[15,119196,35701],{},[164,119198,119199],{},[394,119200,3536,119201,3469],{"href":36146},[15,119202,36149],{},[1872,119204,119205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":119207},[119208,119209,119211,119214,119215,119222,119224,119226,119228,119234,119235,119247],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":117488,"depth":75,"text":119210},"What sorted() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":119212},[119213],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":117727,"depth":75,"text":117728,"children":119216},[119217,119218,119219,119220,119221],{"id":226,"depth":95,"text":117736},{"id":231,"depth":95,"text":117800},{"id":236,"depth":95,"text":117897},{"id":241,"depth":95,"text":117961},{"id":15553,"depth":95,"text":29174},{"id":118166,"depth":75,"text":119223},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118422,"depth":75,"text":119225},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118694,"depth":75,"text":119227},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118750,"depth":75,"text":118751,"children":119229},[119230,119231,119233],{"id":118759,"depth":95,"text":118760},{"id":118814,"depth":95,"text":119232},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118877,"depth":95,"text":118878},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":119236},[119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"id":119117,"depth":95,"text":119238},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119125,"depth":95,"text":119240},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119133,"depth":95,"text":119242},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119146,"depth":95,"text":119244},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119156,"depth":95,"text":119246},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117390,"description":119248},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119255,"title":119256,"body":119257,"description":121368,"extension":1921,"meta":121369,"navigation":98,"path":78891,"seo":121370,"stem":121371,"__hash__":121372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119258,"toc":121315},[119259,119266,119269,119279,119285,119288,119306,119314,119316,119375,119383,119387,119409,119413,119417,119419,119436,119438,119450,119456,119540,119544,119591,119597,119604,119608,119613,119615,119627,119632,119685,119689,119709,119716,119723,119727,119730,119749,119753,119867,119871,119941,119943,119955,119960,119964,119977,119981,120056,120060,120099,120106,120112,120117,120121,120135,120139,120204,120208,120241,120244,120249,120257,120264,120277,120280,120284,120367,120371,120408,120412,120515,120519,120580,120585,120592,120596,120599,120605,120608,120675,120679,120703,120705,120723,120730,120783,120787,120807,120813,120815,120872,120879,120905,120910,120915,120923,120929,120989,120993,121040,121043,121045,121048,121074,121077,121170,121172,121192,121196,121199,121217,121223,121225,121233,121238,121245,121248,121254,121257,121263,121271,121279,121284,121286,121312],[10,119260,3536,119262,408,119264,92847],{"id":119261},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119263,74190],{},[15,119265,77633],{},[20,119267,119268],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[161,119270,119271,119275],{},[164,119272,119273],{},[15,119274,74190],{},[164,119276,119277],{},[15,119278,77633],{},[20,119280,119281,119282,119284],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[214,119283,4583],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119286,119287],{},"The main difference is simple:",[161,119289,119290,119298],{},[164,119291,144,119292,119294,119295],{},[15,119293,74190],{}," when you want a ",[214,119296,119297],{},"new sorted result",[164,119299,144,119300,119302,119303],{},[15,119301,77633],{}," when you want to ",[214,119304,119305],{},"change the original list",[20,119307,119308,119309,877,119311,119313],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119310,77633],{},[15,119312,178],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119315,3570],{"id":3569},[35,119317,119319],{"className":37,"code":119318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119320,119321,119341,119345,119362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119322,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119324,51],{"class":50},[44,119326,55],{"class":54},[44,119328,59],{"class":58},[44,119330,85],{"class":62},[44,119332,66],{"class":58},[44,119334,5450],{"class":62},[44,119336,66],{"class":58},[44,119338,69],{"class":62},[44,119340,72],{"class":58},[44,119342,119343],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119344,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119346,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119348,55817],{"class":50},[44,119350,55],{"class":54},[44,119352,74324],{"class":127},[44,119354,115],{"class":58},[44,119356,105],{"class":111},[44,119358,1476],{"class":58},[44,119360,119361],{"class":140},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119363,119364,119366,119368,119370,119372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119365,105],{"class":50},[44,119367,108],{"class":58},[44,119369,34750],{"class":111},[44,119371,7313],{"class":58},[44,119373,119374],{"class":140},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119376,144,119377,119379,119380,119382],{},[15,119378,74190],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119381,77633],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119384,119386],{"id":119385},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[161,119388,119389,119394,119399,119406],{},[164,119390,144,119391,119393],{},[15,119392,74190],{}," to get a new sorted list",[164,119395,144,119396,119398],{},[15,119397,77633],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[164,119400,119401,119402,877,119404],{},"Understand why ",[15,119403,77633],{},[15,119405,178],{},[164,119407,119408],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119410,151,119411,154],{"id":117488},[15,119412,74190],{},[20,119414,119415,62691],{},[15,119416,74190],{},[20,119418,48878],{},[161,119420,119421,119427,119433],{},[164,119422,119423,119424],{},"returns a ",[214,119425,119426],{},"new list",[164,119428,119429,119430,119432],{},"does ",[214,119431,4583],{}," change the original data",[164,119434,119435],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119437,51083],{},[161,119439,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448],{},[164,119441,5254],{},[164,119443,5257],{},[164,119445,5263],{},[164,119447,5260],{},[164,119449,35862],{},[420,119451,35029,119453,119455],{"id":119452},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119454,74190],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119457,119459],{"className":37,"code":119458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119460,119461,119481,119485,119499,119503,119521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119462,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119464,51],{"class":50},[44,119466,55],{"class":54},[44,119468,59],{"class":58},[44,119470,85],{"class":62},[44,119472,66],{"class":58},[44,119474,5450],{"class":62},[44,119476,66],{"class":58},[44,119478,69],{"class":62},[44,119480,72],{"class":58},[44,119482,119483],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119484,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119486,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119488,911],{"class":50},[44,119490,55],{"class":54},[44,119492,74324],{"class":127},[44,119494,115],{"class":58},[44,119496,105],{"class":111},[44,119498,121],{"class":58},[44,119500,119501],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119502,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517,119519],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,119506,128],{"class":127},[44,119508,115],{"class":58},[44,119510,273],{"class":272},[44,119512,12104],{"class":276},[44,119514,273],{"class":272},[44,119516,66],{"class":58},[44,119518,916],{"class":111},[44,119520,121],{"class":58},[44,119522,119523,119525,119527,119529,119532,119534,119536,119538],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,119524,128],{"class":127},[44,119526,115],{"class":58},[44,119528,273],{"class":272},[44,119530,119531],{"class":276},"sorted result:",[44,119533,273],{"class":272},[44,119535,66],{"class":58},[44,119537,80983],{"class":111},[44,119539,121],{"class":58},[20,119541,119542],{},[214,119543,2028],{},[35,119545,119547],{"className":37,"code":119546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119548,119549,119569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119550,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561,119563,119565,119567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119552,12083],{"class":50},[44,119554,159],{"class":58},[44,119556,59],{"class":58},[44,119558,85],{"class":62},[44,119560,66],{"class":58},[44,119562,5450],{"class":62},[44,119564,66],{"class":58},[44,119566,69],{"class":62},[44,119568,72],{"class":58},[44,119570,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119572,74280],{"class":127},[44,119574,80983],{"class":50},[44,119576,159],{"class":58},[44,119578,59],{"class":58},[44,119580,63],{"class":62},[44,119582,66],{"class":58},[44,119584,69],{"class":62},[44,119586,66],{"class":58},[44,119588,2408],{"class":62},[44,119590,72],{"class":58},[20,119592,119593,119594,119596],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119595,105],{}," stays the same.",[20,119598,119599,119600,108],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[394,119601,3536,119602,3469],{"href":74287},[15,119603,74190],{},[30,119605,151,119606,154],{"id":77699},[15,119607,77633],{},[20,119609,119610,119612],{},[15,119611,64077],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119614,48878],{},[161,119616,119617,119620,119623],{},[164,119618,119619],{},"changes the original list directly",[164,119621,119622],{},"only works on lists",[164,119624,3650,119625],{},[15,119626,178],{},[420,119628,35029,119630,73728],{"id":119629},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119631,77633],{},[35,119633,119635],{"className":37,"code":119634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119636,119637,119657,119661,119671,119675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119638,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119640,51],{"class":50},[44,119642,55],{"class":54},[44,119644,59],{"class":58},[44,119646,85],{"class":62},[44,119648,66],{"class":58},[44,119650,5450],{"class":62},[44,119652,66],{"class":58},[44,119654,69],{"class":62},[44,119656,72],{"class":58},[44,119658,119659],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119660,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119662,119663,119665,119667,119669],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119664,105],{"class":50},[44,119666,108],{"class":58},[44,119668,34750],{"class":111},[44,119670,8590],{"class":58},[44,119672,119673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119674,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119676,119677,119679,119681,119683],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,119678,128],{"class":127},[44,119680,115],{"class":58},[44,119682,105],{"class":111},[44,119684,121],{"class":58},[20,119686,119687],{},[214,119688,2028],{},[35,119690,119691],{"className":37,"code":55081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119692,119693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119696,3856],{"class":58},[44,119698,63],{"class":62},[44,119700,66],{"class":58},[44,119702,69],{"class":62},[44,119704,66],{"class":58},[44,119706,2408],{"class":62},[44,119708,72],{"class":58},[20,119710,119711,119712,119715],{},"After calling ",[15,119713,119714],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119717,119718,119719,108],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[394,119720,3536,119721,574],{"href":74541},[15,119722,77633],{},[30,119724,119726],{"id":119725},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119728,119729],{},"Here is the core difference:",[161,119731,119732,119741],{},[164,119733,119734,119737,119738],{},[15,119735,119736],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[214,119739,119740],{},"new sorted list",[164,119742,119743,119746,119747,74098],{},[15,119744,119745],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119748,1447],{},[420,119750,119752],{"id":119751},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119754,119756],{"className":37,"code":119755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119757,119758,119778,119782,119796,119815,119834,119838,119848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119759,119760,119762,119764,119766,119768,119770,119772,119774,119776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119761,51],{"class":50},[44,119763,55],{"class":54},[44,119765,59],{"class":58},[44,119767,1410],{"class":62},[44,119769,66],{"class":58},[44,119771,69],{"class":62},[44,119773,66],{"class":58},[44,119775,90],{"class":62},[44,119777,72],{"class":58},[44,119779,119780],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119781,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119783,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119785,2511],{"class":50},[44,119787,55],{"class":54},[44,119789,74324],{"class":127},[44,119791,115],{"class":58},[44,119793,105],{"class":111},[44,119795,121],{"class":58},[44,119797,119798,119800,119802,119804,119807,119809,119811,119813],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119799,128],{"class":127},[44,119801,115],{"class":58},[44,119803,273],{"class":272},[44,119805,119806],{"class":276},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119808,273],{"class":272},[44,119810,66],{"class":58},[44,119812,916],{"class":111},[44,119814,121],{"class":58},[44,119816,119817,119819,119821,119823,119826,119828,119830,119832],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,119818,128],{"class":127},[44,119820,115],{"class":58},[44,119822,273],{"class":272},[44,119824,119825],{"class":276},"a:",[44,119827,273],{"class":272},[44,119829,66],{"class":58},[44,119831,56813],{"class":111},[44,119833,121],{"class":58},[44,119835,119836],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,119837,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,119839,119840,119842,119844,119846],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,119841,105],{"class":50},[44,119843,108],{"class":58},[44,119845,34750],{"class":111},[44,119847,8590],{"class":58},[44,119849,119850,119852,119854,119856,119859,119861,119863,119865],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,119851,128],{"class":127},[44,119853,115],{"class":58},[44,119855,273],{"class":272},[44,119857,119858],{"class":276},"numbers after sort():",[44,119860,273],{"class":272},[44,119862,66],{"class":58},[44,119864,916],{"class":111},[44,119866,121],{"class":58},[20,119868,119869],{},[214,119870,2028],{},[35,119872,119874],{"className":37,"code":119873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119875,119876,119899,119919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119877,119878,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119879,119880],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119882,74280],{"class":127},[44,119884,29535],{"class":58},[44,119886,59],{"class":58},[44,119888,1410],{"class":62},[44,119890,66],{"class":58},[44,119892,69],{"class":62},[44,119894,66],{"class":58},[44,119896,90],{"class":62},[44,119898,72],{"class":58},[44,119900,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,119902,394],{"class":50},[44,119904,159],{"class":58},[44,119906,59],{"class":58},[44,119908,801],{"class":62},[44,119910,66],{"class":58},[44,119912,90],{"class":62},[44,119914,66],{"class":58},[44,119916,4557],{"class":62},[44,119918,72],{"class":58},[44,119920,119921,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,119922,119880],{"class":50},[44,119924,34750],{"class":111},[44,119926,29535],{"class":58},[44,119928,59],{"class":58},[44,119930,801],{"class":62},[44,119932,66],{"class":58},[44,119934,90],{"class":62},[44,119936,66],{"class":58},[44,119938,4557],{"class":62},[44,119940,72],{"class":58},[20,119942,10663],{},[161,119944,119945,119950],{},[164,119946,119947,119949],{},[15,119948,74190],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[164,119951,119952,119954],{},[15,119953,64077],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,119956,1638,119958],{"id":119957},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119959,74190],{},[20,119961,144,119962,10551],{},[15,119963,74190],{},[161,119965,119966,119969,119971,119974],{},[164,119967,119968],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[164,119970,118738],{},[164,119972,119973],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[164,119975,119976],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[420,119978,119980],{"id":119979},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119982,119984],{"className":37,"code":119983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119985,119986,120010,120014,120028,120032,120042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119987,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119989,51],{"class":50},[44,119991,55],{"class":54},[44,119993,9185],{"class":58},[44,119995,2461],{"class":62},[44,119997,66],{"class":58},[44,119999,5450],{"class":62},[44,120001,66],{"class":58},[44,120003,2408],{"class":62},[44,120005,66],{"class":58},[44,120007,69],{"class":62},[44,120009,121],{"class":58},[44,120011,120012],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120013,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120017,911],{"class":50},[44,120019,55],{"class":54},[44,120021,74324],{"class":127},[44,120023,115],{"class":58},[44,120025,105],{"class":111},[44,120027,121],{"class":58},[44,120029,120030],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120031,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120033,120034,120036,120038,120040],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120035,128],{"class":127},[44,120037,115],{"class":58},[44,120039,943],{"class":111},[44,120041,121],{"class":58},[44,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,120045,128],{"class":127},[44,120047,115],{"class":58},[44,120049,1459],{"class":1458},[44,120051,115],{"class":58},[44,120053,943],{"class":111},[44,120055,637],{"class":58},[20,120057,120058],{},[214,120059,2028],{},[35,120061,120063],{"className":37,"code":120062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120064,120065,120085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120066,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120068,3856],{"class":58},[44,120070,63],{"class":62},[44,120072,66],{"class":58},[44,120074,69],{"class":62},[44,120076,66],{"class":58},[44,120078,2408],{"class":62},[44,120080,66],{"class":58},[44,120082,90],{"class":62},[44,120084,72],{"class":58},[44,120086,120087,120089,120091,120093,120095,120097],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120088,3248],{"class":54},[44,120090,3251],{"class":2022},[44,120092,3254],{"class":272},[44,120094,226],{"class":276},[44,120096,3259],{"class":272},[44,120098,3262],{"class":54},[20,120100,2242,120101,120103,120104,108],{},[15,120102,74190],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[214,120105,226],{},[20,120107,120108,120109,120111],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[394,120110,397],{"href":396}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120113,1638,120115],{"id":120114},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120116,77633],{},[20,120118,144,120119,10551],{},[15,120120,77633],{},[161,120122,120123,120126,120129,120132],{},[164,120124,120125],{},"you already have a list",[164,120127,120128],{},"you want to update that list directly",[164,120130,120131],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[164,120133,120134],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[420,120136,120138],{"id":120137},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120140,120142],{"className":37,"code":120141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120143,120144,120176,120180,120190,120194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120145,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120147,4948],{"class":50},[44,120149,55],{"class":54},[44,120151,59],{"class":58},[44,120153,273],{"class":272},[44,120155,4975],{"class":276},[44,120157,273],{"class":272},[44,120159,66],{"class":58},[44,120161,284],{"class":272},[44,120163,4957],{"class":276},[44,120165,273],{"class":272},[44,120167,66],{"class":58},[44,120169,284],{"class":272},[44,120171,4966],{"class":276},[44,120173,273],{"class":272},[44,120175,72],{"class":58},[44,120177,120178],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120179,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120181,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120183,4992],{"class":50},[44,120185,108],{"class":58},[44,120187,34750],{"class":111},[44,120189,8590],{"class":58},[44,120191,120192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120193,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120195,120196,120198,120200,120202],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120197,128],{"class":127},[44,120199,115],{"class":58},[44,120201,4992],{"class":111},[44,120203,121],{"class":58},[20,120205,120206],{},[214,120207,2028],{},[35,120209,120211],{"className":37,"code":120210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120212,120213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120214,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120216,3856],{"class":58},[44,120218,3259],{"class":272},[44,120220,4957],{"class":276},[44,120222,3259],{"class":272},[44,120224,66],{"class":58},[44,120226,3254],{"class":272},[44,120228,4966],{"class":276},[44,120230,3259],{"class":272},[44,120232,66],{"class":58},[44,120234,3254],{"class":272},[44,120236,4975],{"class":276},[44,120238,3259],{"class":272},[44,120240,72],{"class":58},[20,120242,120243],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120245,120246,120247,108],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[394,120248,79639],{"href":78142},[30,120250,120252,398,120254,120256],{"id":120251},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120253,73343],{},[15,120255,14789],{}," work with both",[20,120258,10540,120259,398,120261,120263],{},[15,120260,74190],{},[15,120262,77633],{}," support:",[161,120265,120266,120271],{},[164,120267,120268,120270],{},[15,120269,77857],{}," for descending order",[164,120272,120273,120276],{},[15,120274,120275],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120278,120279],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[420,120281,120283],{"id":120282},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120285,120287],{"className":37,"code":120286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120288,120289,120309,120313,120335,120339,120357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120290,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120292,51],{"class":50},[44,120294,55],{"class":54},[44,120296,59],{"class":58},[44,120298,85],{"class":62},[44,120300,66],{"class":58},[44,120302,5450],{"class":62},[44,120304,66],{"class":58},[44,120306,69],{"class":62},[44,120308,72],{"class":58},[44,120310,120311],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120312,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120314,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120316,128],{"class":127},[44,120318,115],{"class":58},[44,120320,74280],{"class":127},[44,120322,115],{"class":58},[44,120324,105],{"class":111},[44,120326,66],{"class":58},[44,120328,77836],{"class":9124},[44,120330,55],{"class":54},[44,120332,3565],{"class":1582},[44,120334,637],{"class":58},[44,120336,120337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120338,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120340,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120342,105],{"class":50},[44,120344,108],{"class":58},[44,120346,34750],{"class":111},[44,120348,115],{"class":58},[44,120350,73343],{"class":9124},[44,120352,55],{"class":54},[44,120354,3565],{"class":1582},[44,120356,121],{"class":58},[44,120358,120359,120361,120363,120365],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,120360,128],{"class":127},[44,120362,115],{"class":58},[44,120364,105],{"class":111},[44,120366,121],{"class":58},[20,120368,120369],{},[214,120370,2028],{},[35,120372,120374],{"className":37,"code":120373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120375,120376,120392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120377,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120379,3856],{"class":58},[44,120381,85],{"class":62},[44,120383,66],{"class":58},[44,120385,69],{"class":62},[44,120387,66],{"class":58},[44,120389,5450],{"class":62},[44,120391,72],{"class":58},[44,120393,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120395,3856],{"class":58},[44,120397,85],{"class":62},[44,120399,66],{"class":58},[44,120401,69],{"class":62},[44,120403,66],{"class":58},[44,120405,5450],{"class":62},[44,120407,72],{"class":58},[420,120409,120411],{"id":120410},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120413,120415],{"className":37,"code":120414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120416,120417,120449,120453,120479,120483,120505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120420,1253],{"class":50},[44,120422,55],{"class":54},[44,120424,59],{"class":58},[44,120426,273],{"class":272},[44,120428,83129],{"class":276},[44,120430,273],{"class":272},[44,120432,66],{"class":58},[44,120434,284],{"class":272},[44,120436,277],{"class":276},[44,120438,273],{"class":272},[44,120440,66],{"class":58},[44,120442,284],{"class":272},[44,120444,118603],{"class":276},[44,120446,273],{"class":272},[44,120448,72],{"class":58},[44,120450,120451],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120452,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120454,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120456,128],{"class":127},[44,120458,115],{"class":58},[44,120460,74280],{"class":127},[44,120462,115],{"class":58},[44,120464,1271],{"class":111},[44,120466,66],{"class":58},[44,120468,21530],{"class":9124},[44,120470,55],{"class":54},[44,120472,3403],{"class":1458},[44,120474,108],{"class":58},[44,120476,8587],{"class":1492},[44,120478,637],{"class":58},[44,120480,120481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120482,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120486,1271],{"class":50},[44,120488,108],{"class":58},[44,120490,34750],{"class":111},[44,120492,115],{"class":58},[44,120494,14789],{"class":9124},[44,120496,55],{"class":54},[44,120498,3403],{"class":1458},[44,120500,108],{"class":58},[44,120502,8587],{"class":1492},[44,120504,121],{"class":58},[44,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,120508,128],{"class":127},[44,120510,115],{"class":58},[44,120512,1271],{"class":111},[44,120514,121],{"class":58},[20,120516,120517],{},[214,120518,2028],{},[35,120520,120522],{"className":37,"code":120521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120523,120524,120552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120525,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120527,3856],{"class":58},[44,120529,3259],{"class":272},[44,120531,277],{"class":276},[44,120533,3259],{"class":272},[44,120535,66],{"class":58},[44,120537,3254],{"class":272},[44,120539,83129],{"class":276},[44,120541,3259],{"class":272},[44,120543,66],{"class":58},[44,120545,3254],{"class":272},[44,120547,118603],{"class":276},[44,120549,3259],{"class":272},[44,120551,72],{"class":58},[44,120553,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120555,3856],{"class":58},[44,120557,3259],{"class":272},[44,120559,277],{"class":276},[44,120561,3259],{"class":272},[44,120563,66],{"class":58},[44,120565,3254],{"class":272},[44,120567,83129],{"class":276},[44,120569,3259],{"class":272},[44,120571,66],{"class":58},[44,120573,3254],{"class":272},[44,120575,118603],{"class":276},[44,120577,3259],{"class":272},[44,120579,72],{"class":58},[20,120581,582,120582,120584],{},[15,120583,78351],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120586,120587,120588,108],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[394,120589,120591],{"href":120590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120593,120595],{"id":120594},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120597,120598],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[420,120600,120602,120603,12548],{"id":120601},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120604,77633],{},[20,120606,120607],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120609,120611],{"className":37,"code":120610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120612,120613,120633,120637,120651,120655,120665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120614,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120616,51],{"class":50},[44,120618,55],{"class":54},[44,120620,59],{"class":58},[44,120622,85],{"class":62},[44,120624,66],{"class":58},[44,120626,5450],{"class":62},[44,120628,66],{"class":58},[44,120630,69],{"class":62},[44,120632,72],{"class":58},[44,120634,120635],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120636,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120640,911],{"class":50},[44,120642,55],{"class":54},[44,120644,916],{"class":50},[44,120646,108],{"class":58},[44,120648,34750],{"class":111},[44,120650,8590],{"class":58},[44,120652,120653],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120654,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120656,120657,120659,120661,120663],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120658,128],{"class":127},[44,120660,115],{"class":58},[44,120662,943],{"class":111},[44,120664,121],{"class":58},[44,120666,120667,120669,120671,120673],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,120668,128],{"class":127},[44,120670,115],{"class":58},[44,120672,105],{"class":111},[44,120674,121],{"class":58},[20,120676,120677],{},[214,120678,2028],{},[35,120680,120681],{"className":37,"code":78974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120682,120683,120687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120684,120685],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120686,11758],{"class":1582},[44,120688,120689,120691,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120690,3856],{"class":58},[44,120692,63],{"class":62},[44,120694,66],{"class":58},[44,120696,69],{"class":62},[44,120698,66],{"class":58},[44,120700,2408],{"class":62},[44,120702,72],{"class":58},[20,120704,11850],{},[161,120706,120707,120712,120717],{},[164,120708,120709,120711],{},[15,120710,119714],{}," sorts the list in place",[164,120713,34966,120714,120716],{},[214,120715,4583],{}," return the sorted list",[164,120718,89753,120719,42106,120721],{},[15,120720,943],{},[15,120722,178],{},[420,120724,120726,120727,120729],{"id":120725},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120728,74190],{}," to change the original list",[35,120731,120733],{"className":37,"code":120732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120734,120735,120755,120759,120769,120773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120736,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120738,51],{"class":50},[44,120740,55],{"class":54},[44,120742,59],{"class":58},[44,120744,85],{"class":62},[44,120746,66],{"class":58},[44,120748,5450],{"class":62},[44,120750,66],{"class":58},[44,120752,69],{"class":62},[44,120754,72],{"class":58},[44,120756,120757],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120758,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120760,120761,120763,120765,120767],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120762,74280],{"class":127},[44,120764,115],{"class":58},[44,120766,105],{"class":111},[44,120768,121],{"class":58},[44,120770,120771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120772,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120774,120775,120777,120779,120781],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120776,128],{"class":127},[44,120778,115],{"class":58},[44,120780,105],{"class":111},[44,120782,121],{"class":58},[20,120784,120785],{},[214,120786,2028],{},[35,120788,120789],{"className":37,"code":118935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120790,120791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120792,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120794,3856],{"class":58},[44,120796,85],{"class":62},[44,120798,66],{"class":58},[44,120800,5450],{"class":62},[44,120802,66],{"class":58},[44,120804,69],{"class":62},[44,120806,72],{"class":58},[20,120808,120809,120812],{},[15,120810,120811],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120814,10757],{},[35,120816,120818],{"className":37,"code":120817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120819,120820,120840,120844,120858,120862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120821,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120823,51],{"class":50},[44,120825,55],{"class":54},[44,120827,59],{"class":58},[44,120829,85],{"class":62},[44,120831,66],{"class":58},[44,120833,5450],{"class":62},[44,120835,66],{"class":58},[44,120837,69],{"class":62},[44,120839,72],{"class":58},[44,120841,120842],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120843,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120845,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120847,1121],{"class":50},[44,120849,55],{"class":54},[44,120851,74324],{"class":127},[44,120853,115],{"class":58},[44,120855,105],{"class":111},[44,120857,121],{"class":58},[44,120859,120860],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120861,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120863,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120865,128],{"class":127},[44,120867,115],{"class":58},[44,120869,1152],{"class":111},[44,120871,121],{"class":58},[420,120873,120875,120876,120878],{"id":120874},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120877,64077],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120880,120881],{"className":37,"code":79076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120882,120883,120895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120886,34638],{"class":50},[44,120888,55],{"class":54},[44,120890,284],{"class":272},[44,120892,39],{"class":276},[44,120894,3318],{"class":272},[44,120896,120897,120899,120901,120903],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120898,34659],{"class":50},[44,120900,108],{"class":58},[44,120902,34750],{"class":111},[44,120904,8590],{"class":58},[20,120906,120907,120908,33550],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120909,64077],{},[20,120911,120912,120914],{},[15,120913,64077],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120916,120917,120918,120920,120921,108],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120919,74190],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[394,120922,5090],{"href":5537},[420,120924,120926,120927,118972],{"id":120925},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120928,74190],{},[35,120930,120932],{"className":37,"code":120931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120933,120934,120947,120961,120965,120975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942,120945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120937,34638],{"class":50},[44,120939,55],{"class":54},[44,120941,284],{"class":272},[44,120943,120944],{"class":276},"cab",[44,120946,3318],{"class":272},[44,120948,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,120950,911],{"class":50},[44,120952,55],{"class":54},[44,120954,74324],{"class":127},[44,120956,115],{"class":58},[44,120958,34659],{"class":111},[44,120960,121],{"class":58},[44,120962,120963],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,120964,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120968,128],{"class":127},[44,120970,115],{"class":58},[44,120972,943],{"class":111},[44,120974,121],{"class":58},[44,120976,120977,120979,120981,120983,120985,120987],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,120978,128],{"class":127},[44,120980,115],{"class":58},[44,120982,1459],{"class":1458},[44,120984,115],{"class":58},[44,120986,943],{"class":111},[44,120988,637],{"class":58},[20,120990,120991],{},[214,120992,2028],{},[35,120994,120996],{"className":37,"code":120995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120997,120998,121026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010,121012,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121001,3856],{"class":58},[44,121003,3259],{"class":272},[44,121005,394],{"class":276},[44,121007,3259],{"class":272},[44,121009,66],{"class":58},[44,121011,3254],{"class":272},[44,121013,4714],{"class":276},[44,121015,3259],{"class":272},[44,121017,66],{"class":58},[44,121019,3254],{"class":272},[44,121021,9689],{"class":276},[44,121023,3259],{"class":272},[44,121025,72],{"class":58},[44,121027,121028,121030,121032,121034,121036,121038],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121029,3248],{"class":54},[44,121031,3251],{"class":2022},[44,121033,3254],{"class":272},[44,121035,226],{"class":276},[44,121037,3259],{"class":272},[44,121039,3262],{"class":54},[20,121041,121042],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,121044,113493],{"id":113492},[20,121046,121047],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[161,121049,121050,121053,121058,121063,121069],{},[164,121051,121052],{},"confusing a function with a method",[164,121054,121055,121056,53585],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121057,64077],{},[164,121059,121060,121061,12548],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121062,77633],{},[164,121064,121065,121066,121068],{},"trying to use ",[15,121067,64077],{}," on non-list data types",[164,121070,50456,121071,121073],{},[15,121072,74190],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121075,121076],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,121078,121080],{"className":37,"code":121079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121081,121082,121092,121106,121131,121146,121156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121083,121084,121086,121088,121090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121085,128],{"class":127},[44,121087,115],{"class":58},[44,121089,1447],{"class":111},[44,121091,121],{"class":58},[44,121093,121094,121096,121098,121100,121102,121104],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121095,128],{"class":127},[44,121097,115],{"class":58},[44,121099,74280],{"class":127},[44,121101,115],{"class":58},[44,121103,1447],{"class":111},[44,121105,637],{"class":58},[44,121107,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118,121120,121123,121125,121127,121129],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121109,911],{"class":50},[44,121111,55],{"class":54},[44,121113,8342],{"class":50},[44,121115,108],{"class":58},[44,121117,34750],{"class":111},[44,121119,7313],{"class":58},[44,121121,121122],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121124,128],{"class":127},[44,121126,115],{"class":58},[44,121128,943],{"class":111},[44,121130,121],{"class":58},[44,121132,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141,121144],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121134,128],{"class":127},[44,121136,115],{"class":58},[44,121138,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121140,115],{"class":58},[44,121142,121143],{"class":111},"my_data",[44,121145,637],{"class":58},[44,121147,121148,121150,121152,121154],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121149,1483],{"class":127},[44,121151,115],{"class":58},[44,121153,74280],{"class":127},[44,121155,121],{"class":58},[44,121157,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,121159,1483],{"class":127},[44,121161,115],{"class":58},[44,121163,226],{"class":1458},[44,121165,108],{"class":58},[44,121167,34750],{"class":1492},[44,121169,121],{"class":58},[20,121171,84139],{},[161,121173,121174,121177,121181,121189],{},[164,121175,121176],{},"whether your original list changed",[164,121178,25970,121179,11655],{},[15,121180,74190],{},[164,121182,121183,121184,121186,121187],{},"whether ",[15,121185,64077],{}," returned ",[15,121188,178],{},[164,121190,121191],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121193,121195],{"id":121194},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121197,121198],{},"Use this rule:",[161,121200,121201,121209],{},[164,121202,121203,121204,121206,121207],{},"Need a ",[214,121205,119297],{},": use ",[15,121208,74190],{},[164,121210,121211,121212,121206,121215],{},"Need to ",[214,121213,121214],{},"change one list directly",[15,121216,77633],{},[20,121218,121219,121220,121222],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121221,74190],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121224,1757],{"id":1756},[420,121226,121228,121229,2837,121231,1778],{"id":121227},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121230,74190],{},[15,121232,77633],{},[20,121234,121235,121237],{},[15,121236,74190],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[420,121239,5112,121241,5115,121243,1778],{"id":121240},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121242,77633],{},[15,121244,178],{},[20,121246,121247],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[420,121249,5124,121251,121253],{"id":121250},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121252,74190],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121255,121256],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[420,121258,1790,121260,121262],{"id":121259},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121261,64077],{}," on a string?",[20,121264,46316,121265,121267,121268,39880],{},[15,121266,64077],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121269,121270],{},"sorted(string)",[420,121272,11769,121274,398,121276,121278],{"id":121273},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121275,74190],{},[15,121277,64077],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121280,121281,121282,108],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121283,77857],{},[30,121285,1821],{"id":1820},[161,121287,121288,121294,121300,121304,121308],{},[164,121289,121290],{},[394,121291,3536,121292,3469],{"href":74287},[15,121293,74190],{},[164,121295,121296],{},[394,121297,3536,121298,574],{"href":74541},[15,121299,77633],{},[164,121301,121302],{},[394,121303,79639],{"href":78142},[164,121305,121306],{},[394,121307,120591],{"href":120590},[164,121309,121310],{},[394,121311,397],{"href":396},[1872,121313,121314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":121316},[121317,121318,121319,121323,121327,121330,121334,121338,121343,121353,121354,121355,121367],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":119385,"depth":75,"text":119386},{"id":117488,"depth":75,"text":119210,"children":121320},[121321],{"id":119452,"depth":95,"text":121322},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77699,"depth":75,"text":79661,"children":121324},[121325],{"id":119629,"depth":95,"text":121326},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119725,"depth":75,"text":119726,"children":121328},[121329],{"id":119751,"depth":95,"text":119752},{"id":119957,"depth":75,"text":121331,"children":121332},"When to use sorted()",[121333],{"id":119979,"depth":95,"text":119980},{"id":120114,"depth":75,"text":121335,"children":121336},"When to use list.sort()",[121337],{"id":120137,"depth":95,"text":120138},{"id":120251,"depth":75,"text":121339,"children":121340},"reverse and key work with both",[121341,121342],{"id":120282,"depth":95,"text":120283},{"id":120410,"depth":95,"text":120411},{"id":120594,"depth":75,"text":120595,"children":121344},[121345,121347,121349,121351],{"id":120601,"depth":95,"text":121346},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120725,"depth":95,"text":121348},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120874,"depth":95,"text":121350},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120925,"depth":95,"text":121352},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113492,"depth":75,"text":113493},{"id":121194,"depth":75,"text":121195},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":121356},[121357,121359,121361,121363,121365],{"id":121227,"depth":95,"text":121358},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121240,"depth":95,"text":121360},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121250,"depth":95,"text":121362},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121259,"depth":95,"text":121364},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121273,"depth":95,"text":121366},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119256,"description":121368},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121374,"title":42127,"body":121375,"description":123107,"extension":1921,"meta":123108,"navigation":98,"path":123109,"seo":123110,"stem":123111,"__hash__":123112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121376,"toc":123064},[121377,121382,121387,121393,121395,121450,121454,121477,121482,121487,121492,121494,121525,121528,121542,121544,121546,121561,121566,121570,121573,121624,121628,121642,121649,121653,121657,121712,121716,121739,121743,121799,121803,121826,121830,121885,121889,121912,121916,121983,121987,122022,122028,122033,122038,122040,122054,122056,122130,122134,122154,122159,122166,122169,122181,122183,122252,122256,122293,122296,122321,122328,122337,122340,122352,122358,122364,122366,122372,122377,122456,122460,122501,122505,122507,122534,122537,122560,122563,122569,122572,122609,122621,122628,122630,122681,122684,122716,122719,122721,122728,122730,122745,122747,122804,122808,122832,122834,122839,122855,122862,122866,122869,122952,122962,122964,122969,122972,122978,122981,122987,122990,122996,122999,123006,123014,123016,123061],[10,121378,3536,121380,3540],{"id":121379},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121381,47635],{},[20,121383,32268,121384,121386],{},[15,121385,47635],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121388,121389,121390,121392],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121391,47635],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121394,33],{"id":32},[35,121396,121398],{"className":37,"code":121397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121399,121400,121408,121422,121426,121436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121401,121402,121404,121406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121403,21579],{"class":50},[44,121405,55],{"class":54},[44,121407,45176],{"class":62},[44,121409,121410,121412,121414,121416,121418,121420],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121411,34638],{"class":50},[44,121413,55],{"class":54},[44,121415,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121417,115],{"class":58},[44,121419,9248],{"class":111},[44,121421,121],{"class":58},[44,121423,121424],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121425,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121427,121428,121430,121432,121434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121429,128],{"class":127},[44,121431,115],{"class":58},[44,121433,34659],{"class":111},[44,121435,121],{"class":58},[44,121437,121438,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121439,128],{"class":127},[44,121441,115],{"class":58},[44,121443,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121445,115],{"class":58},[44,121447,34659],{"class":111},[44,121449,637],{"class":58},[20,121451,121452],{},[214,121453,2028],{},[35,121455,121457],{"className":37,"code":121456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121458,121459,121463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121460,121461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121462,2666],{"class":62},[44,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471,121473,121475],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121466,3248],{"class":54},[44,121468,3251],{"class":2022},[44,121470,3254],{"class":272},[44,121472,3403],{"class":276},[44,121474,3259],{"class":272},[44,121476,3262],{"class":54},[20,121478,144,121479,121481],{},[15,121480,47635],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121483,151,121485,154],{"id":121484},"what-str-does",[15,121486,47635],{},[20,121488,121489,121491],{},[15,121490,47635],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121493,2065],{},[161,121495,121496,121503,121510,121517],{},[164,121497,121498,121499,42106,121501],{},"An integer like ",[15,121500,2287],{},[15,121502,42077],{},[164,121504,121505,121506,42106,121508],{},"A float like ",[15,121507,40094],{},[15,121509,48046],{},[164,121511,121512,121513,42106,121515],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121514,3565],{},[15,121516,6587],{},[164,121518,121519,121520,42106,121522],{},"A list like ",[15,121521,75012],{},[15,121523,121524],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121526,121527],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[161,121529,121530,121533,121536,121539],{},[164,121531,121532],{},"print it",[164,121534,121535],{},"combine it with other strings",[164,121537,121538],{},"save it to a file",[164,121540,121541],{},"use it in messages",[30,121543,188],{"id":187},[20,121545,7165],{},[35,121547,121549],{"className":37,"code":121548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121550,121551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121552,121553,121555,121557,121559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121554,3403],{"class":1458},[44,121556,115],{"class":58},[44,121558,42350],{"class":1458},[44,121560,121],{"class":58},[20,121562,20721,121563,121565],{},[15,121564,42350],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121567,121568,8173],{},[15,121569,47635],{},[20,121571,121572],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121574,121576],{"className":37,"code":121575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121577,121578,121587,121610,121614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121579,121580,121582,121584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121581,5049],{"class":50},[44,121583,55],{"class":54},[44,121585,121586],{"class":62}," 100\n",[44,121588,121589,121591,121593,121595,121598,121600,121602,121604,121606,121608],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121590,89773],{"class":50},[44,121592,55],{"class":54},[44,121594,284],{"class":272},[44,121596,121597],{"class":276},"Your score is ",[44,121599,273],{"class":272},[44,121601,2411],{"class":54},[44,121603,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121605,115],{"class":58},[44,121607,85286],{"class":111},[44,121609,121],{"class":58},[44,121611,121612],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121613,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121615,121616,121618,121620,121622],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121617,128],{"class":127},[44,121619,115],{"class":58},[44,121621,89790],{"class":111},[44,121623,121],{"class":58},[20,121625,121626],{},[214,121627,2028],{},[35,121629,121631],{"className":37,"code":121630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121632,121633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121634,121635,121638,121640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121636,121637],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121639,12144],{"class":54},[44,121641,121586],{"class":62},[20,121643,2252,121644,121648],{},[394,121645,121646,2259],{"href":2255},[15,121647,2258],{}," can help you check.",[30,121650,121652],{"id":121651},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[420,121654,121656],{"id":121655},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121658,121660],{"className":37,"code":121659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121661,121662,121670,121684,121688,121698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121663,121664,121666,121668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121665,2174],{"class":50},[44,121667,55],{"class":54},[44,121669,2544],{"class":62},[44,121671,121672,121674,121676,121678,121680,121682],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121673,34638],{"class":50},[44,121675,55],{"class":54},[44,121677,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121679,115],{"class":58},[44,121681,2196],{"class":111},[44,121683,121],{"class":58},[44,121685,121686],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121687,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121689,121690,121692,121694,121696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121691,128],{"class":127},[44,121693,115],{"class":58},[44,121695,34659],{"class":111},[44,121697,121],{"class":58},[44,121699,121700,121702,121704,121706,121708,121710],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121701,128],{"class":127},[44,121703,115],{"class":58},[44,121705,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121707,115],{"class":58},[44,121709,34659],{"class":111},[44,121711,637],{"class":58},[20,121713,121714],{},[214,121715,2028],{},[35,121717,121719],{"className":37,"code":121718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121720,121721,121725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121722,121723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121724,2333],{"class":62},[44,121726,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121728,3248],{"class":54},[44,121730,3251],{"class":2022},[44,121732,3254],{"class":272},[44,121734,3403],{"class":276},[44,121736,3259],{"class":272},[44,121738,3262],{"class":54},[420,121740,121742],{"id":121741},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121744,121746],{"className":37,"code":121745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121747,121748,121757,121771,121775,121785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121749,121750,121752,121754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121751,40338],{"class":50},[44,121753,55],{"class":54},[44,121755,121756],{"class":62}," 3.14\n",[44,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121760,34638],{"class":50},[44,121762,55],{"class":54},[44,121764,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121766,115],{"class":58},[44,121768,25100],{"class":111},[44,121770,121],{"class":58},[44,121772,121773],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121774,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121776,121777,121779,121781,121783],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121778,128],{"class":127},[44,121780,115],{"class":58},[44,121782,34659],{"class":111},[44,121784,121],{"class":58},[44,121786,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795,121797],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121788,128],{"class":127},[44,121790,115],{"class":58},[44,121792,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121794,115],{"class":58},[44,121796,34659],{"class":111},[44,121798,637],{"class":58},[20,121800,121801],{},[214,121802,2028],{},[35,121804,121806],{"className":37,"code":121805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121807,121808,121812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121809,121810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121811,40128],{"class":62},[44,121813,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121815,3248],{"class":54},[44,121817,3251],{"class":2022},[44,121819,3254],{"class":272},[44,121821,3403],{"class":276},[44,121823,3259],{"class":272},[44,121825,3262],{"class":54},[420,121827,121829],{"id":121828},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121831,121833],{"className":37,"code":121832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121834,121835,121843,121857,121861,121871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121836,121837,121839,121841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121838,2403],{"class":50},[44,121840,55],{"class":54},[44,121842,6373],{"class":1582},[44,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121846,34638],{"class":50},[44,121848,55],{"class":54},[44,121850,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121852,115],{"class":58},[44,121854,2429],{"class":111},[44,121856,121],{"class":58},[44,121858,121859],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121860,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121862,121863,121865,121867,121869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121864,128],{"class":127},[44,121866,115],{"class":58},[44,121868,34659],{"class":111},[44,121870,121],{"class":58},[44,121872,121873,121875,121877,121879,121881,121883],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121874,128],{"class":127},[44,121876,115],{"class":58},[44,121878,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121880,115],{"class":58},[44,121882,34659],{"class":111},[44,121884,637],{"class":58},[20,121886,121887],{},[214,121888,2028],{},[35,121890,121892],{"className":37,"code":121891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121893,121894,121898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121895,121896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121897,3936],{"class":1582},[44,121899,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908,121910],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121901,3248],{"class":54},[44,121903,3251],{"class":2022},[44,121905,3254],{"class":272},[44,121907,3403],{"class":276},[44,121909,3259],{"class":272},[44,121911,3262],{"class":54},[420,121913,121915],{"id":121914},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121917,121919],{"className":37,"code":121918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121920,121921,121941,121955,121959,121969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121922,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121924,818],{"class":50},[44,121926,55],{"class":54},[44,121928,59],{"class":58},[44,121930,63],{"class":62},[44,121932,66],{"class":58},[44,121934,69],{"class":62},[44,121936,66],{"class":58},[44,121938,2408],{"class":62},[44,121940,72],{"class":58},[44,121942,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,121944,34638],{"class":50},[44,121946,55],{"class":54},[44,121948,48855],{"class":1458},[44,121950,115],{"class":58},[44,121952,835],{"class":111},[44,121954,121],{"class":58},[44,121956,121957],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,121958,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,121960,121961,121963,121965,121967],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121962,128],{"class":127},[44,121964,115],{"class":58},[44,121966,34659],{"class":111},[44,121968,121],{"class":58},[44,121970,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,121972,128],{"class":127},[44,121974,115],{"class":58},[44,121976,1459],{"class":1458},[44,121978,115],{"class":58},[44,121980,34659],{"class":111},[44,121982,637],{"class":58},[20,121984,121985],{},[214,121986,2028],{},[35,121988,121990],{"className":37,"code":121989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121991,121992,122008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121993,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121995,3856],{"class":58},[44,121997,63],{"class":62},[44,121999,66],{"class":58},[44,122001,69],{"class":62},[44,122003,66],{"class":58},[44,122005,2408],{"class":62},[44,122007,72],{"class":58},[44,122009,122010,122012,122014,122016,122018,122020],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122011,3248],{"class":54},[44,122013,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122015,3254],{"class":272},[44,122017,3403],{"class":276},[44,122019,3259],{"class":272},[44,122021,3262],{"class":54},[20,122023,122024,122025,122027],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[214,122026,4583],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,122029,1638,122031],{"id":122030},"when-to-use-str",[15,122032,47635],{},[20,122034,144,122035,122037],{},[15,122036,47635],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122039,36375],{},[161,122041,122042,122045,122048,122051],{},[164,122043,122044],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[164,122046,122047],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[164,122049,122050],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[164,122052,122053],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122055,2164],{},[35,122057,122059],{"className":37,"code":122058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122060,122061,122073,122081,122085,122120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122062,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122064,7824],{"class":50},[44,122066,55],{"class":54},[44,122068,284],{"class":272},[44,122070,11459],{"class":276},[44,122072,3318],{"class":272},[44,122074,122075,122077,122079],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122076,21579],{"class":50},[44,122078,55],{"class":54},[44,122080,45176],{"class":62},[44,122082,122083],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122084,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122086,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113,122115,122118],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122088,89773],{"class":50},[44,122090,55],{"class":54},[44,122092,35921],{"class":50},[44,122094,2017],{"class":54},[44,122096,284],{"class":272},[44,122098,4737],{"class":276},[44,122100,273],{"class":272},[44,122102,2411],{"class":54},[44,122104,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122106,115],{"class":58},[44,122108,9248],{"class":111},[44,122110,1476],{"class":58},[44,122112,2411],{"class":54},[44,122114,284],{"class":272},[44,122116,122117],{"class":276}," years old.",[44,122119,3318],{"class":272},[44,122121,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,122123,128],{"class":127},[44,122125,115],{"class":58},[44,122127,89790],{"class":111},[44,122129,121],{"class":58},[20,122131,122132],{},[214,122133,2028],{},[35,122135,122137],{"className":37,"code":122136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122138,122139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122140,122141,122144,122146,122148,122151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122142,122143],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122145,12144],{"class":54},[44,122147,9255],{"class":62},[44,122149,122150],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122152,122153],{"class":58},".\n",[20,122155,122156,122157,108],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[394,122158,89459],{"href":89458},[30,122160,122162,408,122164],{"id":122161},"str-vs-print",[15,122163,47635],{},[15,122165,46403],{},[20,122167,122168],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[161,122170,122171,122176],{},[164,122172,122173,122175],{},[15,122174,47635],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[164,122177,122178,122180],{},[15,122179,46403],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122182,2164],{},[35,122184,122186],{"className":37,"code":122185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122187,122188,122196,122200,122214,122224,122238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122189,122190,122192,122194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122191,2403],{"class":50},[44,122193,55],{"class":54},[44,122195,2726],{"class":62},[44,122197,122198],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122199,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122201,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122203,34638],{"class":50},[44,122205,55],{"class":54},[44,122207,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122209,115],{"class":58},[44,122211,2429],{"class":111},[44,122213,121],{"class":58},[44,122215,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122217,128],{"class":127},[44,122219,115],{"class":58},[44,122221,34659],{"class":111},[44,122223,121],{"class":58},[44,122225,122226,122228,122230,122232,122234,122236],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,122227,128],{"class":127},[44,122229,115],{"class":58},[44,122231,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122233,115],{"class":58},[44,122235,34659],{"class":111},[44,122237,637],{"class":58},[44,122239,122240,122242,122244,122246,122248,122250],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,122241,128],{"class":127},[44,122243,115],{"class":58},[44,122245,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122247,115],{"class":58},[44,122249,2429],{"class":111},[44,122251,637],{"class":58},[20,122253,122254],{},[214,122255,2028],{},[35,122257,122259],{"className":37,"code":122258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122260,122261,122265,122279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122262,122263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122264,46563],{"class":62},[44,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122268,3248],{"class":54},[44,122270,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122272,3254],{"class":272},[44,122274,3403],{"class":276},[44,122276,3259],{"class":272},[44,122278,3262],{"class":54},[44,122280,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122282,3248],{"class":54},[44,122284,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122286,3254],{"class":272},[44,122288,2145],{"class":276},[44,122290,3259],{"class":272},[44,122292,3262],{"class":54},[20,122294,122295],{},"Notice:",[161,122297,122298,122304,122309],{},[164,122299,122300,122303],{},[15,122301,122302],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[164,122305,122306,122308],{},[15,122307,46403],{}," only displayed values",[164,122310,122311,122313,122314,122316,122317,381,122319],{},[15,122312,46403],{}," did not change ",[15,122315,2429],{}," from ",[15,122318,2145],{},[15,122320,3403],{},[20,122322,122323,122324,108],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[394,122325,122326,2259],{"href":46400},[15,122327,46403],{},[30,122329,122331,408,122333,122336],{"id":122330},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122332,47635],{},[15,122334,122335],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122338,122339],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[161,122341,122342,122347],{},[164,122343,122344,122346],{},[15,122345,47635],{}," is the more readable text version",[164,122348,122349,122351],{},[15,122350,122335],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122353,122354,122355,122357],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122356,47635],{}," much more often.",[20,122359,122360,122361,122363],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122362,47635],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122365,1083],{"id":1082},[420,122367,25725,122369,122371],{"id":122368},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122370,47635],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122373,122374,122376],{},[15,122375,47635],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122378,122380],{"className":37,"code":122379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122381,122382,122390,122404,122408,122418,122432,122442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122383,122384,122386,122388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122385,21579],{"class":50},[44,122387,55],{"class":54},[44,122389,45176],{"class":62},[44,122391,122392,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122393,34638],{"class":50},[44,122395,55],{"class":54},[44,122397,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122399,115],{"class":58},[44,122401,9248],{"class":111},[44,122403,121],{"class":58},[44,122405,122406],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122407,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122409,122410,122412,122414,122416],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122411,128],{"class":127},[44,122413,115],{"class":58},[44,122415,9248],{"class":111},[44,122417,121],{"class":58},[44,122419,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,122421,128],{"class":127},[44,122423,115],{"class":58},[44,122425,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122427,115],{"class":58},[44,122429,9248],{"class":111},[44,122431,637],{"class":58},[44,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,122435,128],{"class":127},[44,122437,115],{"class":58},[44,122439,34659],{"class":111},[44,122441,121],{"class":58},[44,122443,122444,122446,122448,122450,122452,122454],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,122445,128],{"class":127},[44,122447,115],{"class":58},[44,122449,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122451,115],{"class":58},[44,122453,34659],{"class":111},[44,122455,637],{"class":58},[20,122457,122458],{},[214,122459,2028],{},[35,122461,122463],{"className":37,"code":122462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122464,122465,122469,122483,122487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122466,122467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122468,2666],{"class":62},[44,122470,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122472,3248],{"class":54},[44,122474,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122476,3254],{"class":272},[44,122478,2145],{"class":276},[44,122480,3259],{"class":272},[44,122482,3262],{"class":54},[44,122484,122485],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122486,2666],{"class":62},[44,122488,122489,122491,122493,122495,122497,122499],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122490,3248],{"class":54},[44,122492,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122494,3254],{"class":272},[44,122496,3403],{"class":276},[44,122498,3259],{"class":272},[44,122500,3262],{"class":54},[420,122502,122504],{"id":122503},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122506,6634],{},[35,122508,122510],{"className":37,"code":122509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122511,122512,122520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122513,122514,122516,122518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122515,21579],{"class":50},[44,122517,55],{"class":54},[44,122519,45176],{"class":62},[44,122521,122522,122524,122526,122528,122530,122532],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122523,34638],{"class":50},[44,122525,55],{"class":54},[44,122527,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122529,115],{"class":58},[44,122531,9248],{"class":111},[44,122533,121],{"class":58},[20,122535,122536],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122538,122540],{"className":37,"code":122539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122541,122542,122550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122543,122544,122546,122548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122545,21579],{"class":50},[44,122547,55],{"class":54},[44,122549,45176],{"class":62},[44,122551,122552,122554,122556,122558],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122553,3403],{"class":1458},[44,122555,115],{"class":58},[44,122557,9248],{"class":111},[44,122559,121],{"class":58},[20,122561,122562],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[420,122564,582,122566,122568],{"id":122565},"using-str-too-early",[15,122567,47635],{}," too early",[20,122570,122571],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122573,122575],{"className":37,"code":122574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122576,122577,122585,122600,122604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122578,122579,122581,122583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122580,40338],{"class":50},[44,122582,55],{"class":54},[44,122584,2544],{"class":62},[44,122586,122587,122590,122592,122594,122596,122598],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122588,122589],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122591,55],{"class":54},[44,122593,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122595,115],{"class":58},[44,122597,25100],{"class":111},[44,122599,121],{"class":58},[44,122601,122602],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122603,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122605,122606],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122607,122608],{"class":140},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122610,122611,122612,2837,122616,122620],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[394,122613,122614],{"href":2833},[15,122615,2836],{},[394,122617,122618],{"href":2840},[15,122619,2843],{},", depending on the situation.",[420,122622,8399,122624,122627],{"id":122623},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122625,122626],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122629,64409],{},[35,122631,122633],{"className":37,"code":122632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122634,122635,122667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122636,122637,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659,122661,122663,122665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122638,818],{"class":50},[44,122640,55],{"class":54},[44,122642,59],{"class":58},[44,122644,273],{"class":272},[44,122646,277],{"class":276},[44,122648,273],{"class":272},[44,122650,66],{"class":58},[44,122652,284],{"class":272},[44,122654,287],{"class":276},[44,122656,273],{"class":272},[44,122658,66],{"class":58},[44,122660,284],{"class":272},[44,122662,305],{"class":276},[44,122664,273],{"class":272},[44,122666,72],{"class":58},[44,122668,122669,122671,122673,122675,122677,122679],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122670,128],{"class":127},[44,122672,115],{"class":58},[44,122674,3403],{"class":1458},[44,122676,115],{"class":58},[44,122678,835],{"class":111},[44,122680,637],{"class":58},[20,122682,122683],{},"prints:",[35,122685,122686],{"className":37,"code":72602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122687,122688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122689,122690,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712,122714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122691,3856],{"class":58},[44,122693,3259],{"class":272},[44,122695,277],{"class":276},[44,122697,3259],{"class":272},[44,122699,66],{"class":58},[44,122701,3254],{"class":272},[44,122703,287],{"class":276},[44,122705,3259],{"class":272},[44,122707,66],{"class":58},[44,122709,3254],{"class":272},[44,122711,305],{"class":276},[44,122713,3259],{"class":272},[44,122715,72],{"class":58},[20,122717,122718],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122720,17368],{"id":17367},[20,122722,122723,21926,122725,108],{},[15,122724,47635],{},[214,122726,122727],{},"new string",[20,122729,11408],{},[161,122731,122732,122735,122738],{},[164,122733,122734],{},"It always returns a string",[164,122736,122737],{},"It does not modify the original object",[164,122739,7711,122740,122744],{},[394,122741,122742],{"href":2255},[15,122743,2258],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122746,2164],{},[35,122748,122750],{"className":37,"code":122749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122751,122752,122760,122775,122779,122790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122753,122754,122756,122758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122755,2403],{"class":50},[44,122757,55],{"class":54},[44,122759,14079],{"class":62},[44,122761,122762,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122763,122764],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122766,55],{"class":54},[44,122768,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122770,115],{"class":58},[44,122772,2429],{"class":111},[44,122774,121],{"class":58},[44,122776,122777],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122778,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122780,122781,122783,122785,122788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122782,128],{"class":127},[44,122784,115],{"class":58},[44,122786,122787],{"class":111},"converted",[44,122789,121],{"class":58},[44,122791,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,122793,128],{"class":127},[44,122795,115],{"class":58},[44,122797,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122799,115],{"class":58},[44,122801,122787],{"class":111},[44,122803,637],{"class":58},[20,122805,122806],{},[214,122807,2028],{},[35,122809,122811],{"className":37,"code":122810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122812,122813,122818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122814,122815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122816,122817],{"class":62},"99\n",[44,122819,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122821,3248],{"class":54},[44,122823,3251],{"class":2022},[44,122825,3254],{"class":272},[44,122827,3403],{"class":276},[44,122829,3259],{"class":272},[44,122831,3262],{"class":54},[30,122833,113493],{"id":113492},[20,122835,122836,122837,74581],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122838,47635],{},[161,122840,122841,122844,122847,122852],{},[164,122842,122843],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[164,122845,122846],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[164,122848,582,122849,122851],{},[15,122850,47635],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[164,122853,122854],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122856,122857,122858,108],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[394,122859,25630,122860],{"href":90171},[15,122861,90172],{},[30,122863,122865],{"id":122864},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122867,122868],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122870,122872],{"className":37,"code":122871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122873,122874,122882,122886,122896,122910,122914,122928,122938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122875,122876,122878,122880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122877,2403],{"class":50},[44,122879,55],{"class":54},[44,122881,45176],{"class":62},[44,122883,122884],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,122885,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122887,122888,122890,122892,122894],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,122889,128],{"class":127},[44,122891,115],{"class":58},[44,122893,2429],{"class":111},[44,122895,121],{"class":58},[44,122897,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122899,128],{"class":127},[44,122901,115],{"class":58},[44,122903,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122905,115],{"class":58},[44,122907,2429],{"class":111},[44,122909,637],{"class":58},[44,122911,122912],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,122913,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,122915,122916,122918,122920,122922,122924,122926],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,122917,122764],{"class":50},[44,122919,55],{"class":54},[44,122921,48855],{"class":1458},[44,122923,115],{"class":58},[44,122925,2429],{"class":111},[44,122927,121],{"class":58},[44,122929,122930,122932,122934,122936],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,122931,128],{"class":127},[44,122933,115],{"class":58},[44,122935,122787],{"class":111},[44,122937,121],{"class":58},[44,122939,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,122941,128],{"class":127},[44,122943,115],{"class":58},[44,122945,1459],{"class":1458},[44,122947,115],{"class":58},[44,122949,122787],{"class":111},[44,122951,637],{"class":58},[20,122953,122954,122955,798,122957,122959,122960,108],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122956,2145],{},[15,122958,2148],{},", or another type into ",[15,122961,3403],{},[30,122963,1757],{"id":1756},[420,122965,5096,122967,5099],{"id":122966},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122968,47635],{},[20,122970,122971],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[420,122973,1761,122975,122977],{"id":122974},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122976,47635],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122979,122980],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[420,122982,5124,122984,122986],{"id":122983},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122985,47635],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122988,122989],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[420,122991,94357,122993,122995],{"id":122992},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122994,47635],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122997,122998],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[420,123000,14851,123002,57129,123004,1778],{"id":123001},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123003,47635],{},[15,123005,46403],{},[20,123007,46316,123008,123010,123011,123013],{},[15,123009,47635],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123012,46403],{}," shows output.",[30,123015,1821],{"id":1820},[161,123017,123018,123024,123030,123036,123042,123051,123055],{},[164,123019,123020],{},[394,123021,123022,3469],{"href":46400},[15,123023,46403],{},[164,123025,123026],{},[394,123027,123028,3469],{"href":2255},[15,123029,2258],{},[164,123031,123032],{},[394,123033,123034,3469],{"href":2833},[15,123035,2836],{},[164,123037,123038],{},[394,123039,123040,3469],{"href":2840},[15,123041,2843],{},[164,123043,123044],{},[394,123045,123047,123048,123050],{"href":123046},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123049,2145],{}," to string in Python",[164,123052,123053],{},[394,123054,90449],{"href":89458},[164,123056,123057],{},[394,123058,30299,123059],{"href":90171},[15,123060,90172],{},[1872,123062,123063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":123065},[123066,123067,123069,123070,123076,123078,123080,123082,123091,123092,123093,123094,123106],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":121484,"depth":75,"text":123068},"What str() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":121651,"depth":75,"text":121652,"children":123071},[123072,123073,123074,123075],{"id":121655,"depth":95,"text":121656},{"id":121741,"depth":95,"text":121742},{"id":121828,"depth":95,"text":121829},{"id":121914,"depth":95,"text":121915},{"id":122030,"depth":75,"text":123077},"When to use str()",{"id":122161,"depth":75,"text":123079},"str() vs print()",{"id":122330,"depth":75,"text":123081},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":123083},[123084,123086,123087,123089],{"id":122368,"depth":95,"text":123085},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122503,"depth":95,"text":122504},{"id":122565,"depth":95,"text":123088},"Using str() too early",{"id":122623,"depth":95,"text":123090},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":113492,"depth":75,"text":113493},{"id":122864,"depth":75,"text":122865},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":123095},[123096,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"id":122966,"depth":95,"text":123097},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122974,"depth":95,"text":123099},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122983,"depth":95,"text":123101},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122992,"depth":95,"text":123103},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123001,"depth":95,"text":123105},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42127,"description":123107},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123114,"title":123115,"body":123116,"description":124569,"extension":1921,"meta":124570,"navigation":98,"path":124571,"seo":124572,"stem":124573,"__hash__":124574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123117,"toc":124531},[123118,123124,123130,123133,123155,123157,123219,123221,123234,123240,123245,123250,123252,123265,123276,123278,123305,123307,123324,123331,123342,123344,123349,123351,123363,123371,123380,123382,123385,123438,123440,123448,123456,123460,123465,123505,123507,123515,123518,123520,123560,123562,123570,123580,123586,123589,123662,123664,123677,123681,123686,123714,123717,123752,123754,123762,123765,123769,123773,123775,123791,123793,123833,123835,123843,123852,123895,123897,123905,123907,123911,123917,123920,123960,123962,123970,123975,123978,124021,124025,124028,124063,124068,124070,124109,124119,124127,124137,124145,124149,124154,124156,124197,124199,124207,124212,124215,124218,124236,124242,124246,124251,124254,124294,124296,124301,124400,124403,124419,124421,124440,124442,124449,124452,124458,124461,124467,124471,124477,124480,124486,124489,124491,124528],[10,123119,123121,123122,18],{"id":123120},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123123,57213],{},[20,123125,123126,123127,123129],{},"The Python string ",[15,123128,57213],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123131,123132],{},"This reference page explains:",[161,123134,123135,123139,123142,123144,123152],{},[164,123136,25970,123137,154],{},[15,123138,57213],{},[164,123140,123141],{},"its syntax",[164,123143,35346],{},[164,123145,123146,123147,398,123149,123151],{},"how ",[15,123148,36025],{},[15,123150,52608],{}," work",[164,123153,123154],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123156,33],{"id":32},[35,123158,123160],{"className":37,"code":123159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123161,123162,123174,123196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123163,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123165,34638],{"class":50},[44,123167,55],{"class":54},[44,123169,284],{"class":272},[44,123171,287],{"class":276},[44,123173,3318],{"class":272},[44,123175,123176,123178,123180,123182,123184,123186,123188,123190,123192,123194],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123177,128],{"class":127},[44,123179,115],{"class":58},[44,123181,34659],{"class":111},[44,123183,108],{"class":58},[44,123185,41211],{"class":111},[44,123187,115],{"class":58},[44,123189,273],{"class":272},[44,123191,394],{"class":276},[44,123193,273],{"class":272},[44,123195,637],{"class":58},[44,123197,123198,123200,123202,123204,123206,123208,123210,123212,123215,123217],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,123199,128],{"class":127},[44,123201,115],{"class":58},[44,123203,34659],{"class":111},[44,123205,108],{"class":58},[44,123207,41211],{"class":111},[44,123209,115],{"class":58},[44,123211,273],{"class":272},[44,123213,123214],{"class":276},"na",[44,123216,273],{"class":272},[44,123218,637],{"class":58},[20,123220,2028],{},[35,123222,123224],{"className":37,"code":123223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123225,123226,123230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123227,123228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123229,46568],{"class":62},[44,123231,123232],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123233,17006],{"class":62},[20,123235,144,123236,123239],{},[15,123237,123238],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123241,12946,123243,12949],{"id":123242},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123244,57213],{},[20,123246,123247,123249],{},[15,123248,57213],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123251,13002],{},[161,123253,123254,123257,123260,123262],{},[164,123255,123256],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[164,123258,123259],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[164,123261,43609],{},[164,123263,123264],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123266,123267,123268,123270,123271,798,123273,123275],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123269,18046],{}," characters are in ",[15,123272,65040],{},[15,123274,57213],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123277,188],{"id":187},[35,123279,123281],{"className":37,"code":123280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123282,123283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123284,123285,123287,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297,123299,123301,123303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123286,241],{"class":50},[44,123288,108],{"class":58},[44,123290,41211],{"class":111},[44,123292,115],{"class":58},[44,123294,2429],{"class":111},[44,123296,66],{"class":58},[44,123298,36004],{"class":111},[44,123300,66],{"class":58},[44,123302,64806],{"class":111},[44,123304,121],{"class":58},[420,123306,17344],{"id":17343},[161,123308,123309,123314,123319],{},[164,123310,123311,123313],{},[15,123312,2429],{},": the text to search for",[164,123315,123316,123318],{},[15,123317,36025],{},": optional; where counting begins",[164,123320,123321,123323],{},[15,123322,52608],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123325,123326,398,123328,123330],{},[15,123327,36025],{},[15,123329,52608],{}," work like slice positions:",[161,123332,123333,123338],{},[164,123334,123335,123337],{},[15,123336,36025],{}," is included",[164,123339,123340,75507],{},[15,123341,52608],{},[30,123343,17368],{"id":17367},[20,123345,123346,123348],{},[15,123347,57213],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123350,2083],{},[161,123352,123353,123358],{},[164,123354,123355,123356],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123357,85],{},[164,123359,123360,123361],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123362,746],{},[20,123364,40857,123365,5115,123367,2837,123369,108],{},[214,123366,4583],{},[15,123368,3565],{},[15,123370,3633],{},[20,123372,123373,123374,123379],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[394,123375,123377,101367],{"href":123376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123378,3839],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123381,11425],{"id":11424},[20,123383,123384],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123386,123388],{"className":37,"code":123387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123389,123390,123402,123424,123428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123391,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123393,34638],{"class":50},[44,123395,55],{"class":54},[44,123397,284],{"class":272},[44,123399,277],{"class":276},[44,123401,3318],{"class":272},[44,123403,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418,123420,123422],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123405,911],{"class":50},[44,123407,55],{"class":54},[44,123409,42793],{"class":50},[44,123411,108],{"class":58},[44,123413,41211],{"class":111},[44,123415,115],{"class":58},[44,123417,273],{"class":272},[44,123419,20],{"class":276},[44,123421,273],{"class":272},[44,123423,121],{"class":58},[44,123425,123426],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,123427,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,123429,123430,123432,123434,123436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123431,128],{"class":127},[44,123433,115],{"class":58},[44,123435,943],{"class":111},[44,123437,121],{"class":58},[20,123439,2028],{},[35,123441,123442],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123443,123444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123445,123446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123447,17006],{"class":62},[20,123449,63585,123450,123453,123454,108],{},[15,123451,123452],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123455,57756],{},[30,123457,123459],{"id":123458},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123461,123462,123464],{},[15,123463,57213],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123466,123468],{"className":37,"code":123467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123469,123470,123483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123471,123472,123474,123476,123478,123481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123473,34638],{"class":50},[44,123475,55],{"class":54},[44,123477,284],{"class":272},[44,123479,123480],{"class":276},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123482,3318],{"class":272},[44,123484,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123486,128],{"class":127},[44,123488,115],{"class":58},[44,123490,34659],{"class":111},[44,123492,108],{"class":58},[44,123494,41211],{"class":111},[44,123496,115],{"class":58},[44,123498,273],{"class":272},[44,123500,36997],{"class":276},[44,123502,273],{"class":272},[44,123504,637],{"class":58},[20,123506,2028],{},[35,123508,123509],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123510,123511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123512,123513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123514,46568],{"class":62},[20,123516,123517],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123519,2164],{},[35,123521,123523],{"className":37,"code":123522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123524,123525,123538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123526,123527,123529,123531,123533,123536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123528,34638],{"class":50},[44,123530,55],{"class":54},[44,123532,284],{"class":272},[44,123534,123535],{"class":276},"one One one",[44,123537,3318],{"class":272},[44,123539,123540,123542,123544,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554,123556,123558],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123541,128],{"class":127},[44,123543,115],{"class":58},[44,123545,34659],{"class":111},[44,123547,108],{"class":58},[44,123549,41211],{"class":111},[44,123551,115],{"class":58},[44,123553,273],{"class":272},[44,123555,6532],{"class":276},[44,123557,273],{"class":272},[44,123559,637],{"class":58},[20,123561,2028],{},[35,123563,123564],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123565,123566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123567,123568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123569,17006],{"class":62},[20,123571,123572,123573,123576,123577,123579],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123574,123575],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123578,57213],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123581,582,123582,398,123584],{"id":65172},[15,123583,36025],{},[15,123585,52608],{},[20,123587,123588],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123590,123592],{"className":37,"code":123591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123593,123594,123606,123632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123595,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123597,34638],{"class":50},[44,123599,55],{"class":54},[44,123601,284],{"class":272},[44,123603,287],{"class":276},[44,123605,3318],{"class":272},[44,123607,123608,123610,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123609,128],{"class":127},[44,123611,115],{"class":58},[44,123613,34659],{"class":111},[44,123615,108],{"class":58},[44,123617,41211],{"class":111},[44,123619,115],{"class":58},[44,123621,273],{"class":272},[44,123623,394],{"class":276},[44,123625,273],{"class":272},[44,123627,66],{"class":58},[44,123629,69],{"class":62},[44,123631,637],{"class":58},[44,123633,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654,123656,123658,123660],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,123635,128],{"class":127},[44,123637,115],{"class":58},[44,123639,34659],{"class":111},[44,123641,108],{"class":58},[44,123643,41211],{"class":111},[44,123645,115],{"class":58},[44,123647,273],{"class":272},[44,123649,394],{"class":276},[44,123651,273],{"class":272},[44,123653,66],{"class":58},[44,123655,69],{"class":62},[44,123657,66],{"class":58},[44,123659,4557],{"class":62},[44,123661,637],{"class":58},[20,123663,2028],{},[35,123665,123667],{"className":37,"code":123666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123668,123669,123673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123670,123671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123672,17006],{"class":62},[44,123674,123675],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123676,46868],{"class":62},[420,123678,123680],{"id":123679},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123682,123683,123684,159],{},"In ",[15,123685,65040],{},[161,123687,123688,123696,123704],{},[164,123689,70731,123690,123692,123693],{},[15,123691,801],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123694,123695],{},"\"n\"",[164,123697,123698,123701,123702,75805],{},[15,123699,123700],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123703,801],{},[164,123705,123706,123701,123709,123711,123712],{},[15,123707,123708],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123710,801],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123713,1410],{},[20,123715,123716],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123718,123720],{"className":37,"code":123719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123721,123722,123734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123723,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123725,34638],{"class":50},[44,123727,55],{"class":54},[44,123729,284],{"class":272},[44,123731,287],{"class":276},[44,123733,3318],{"class":272},[44,123735,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123737,128],{"class":127},[44,123739,115],{"class":58},[44,123741,34659],{"class":111},[44,123743,3856],{"class":58},[44,123745,801],{"class":62},[44,123747,159],{"class":58},[44,123749,1410],{"class":62},[44,123751,466],{"class":58},[20,123753,2028],{},[35,123755,123756],{"className":37,"code":41420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123757,123758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123759,123760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123761,41420],{"class":50},[20,123763,123764],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123766,123768],{"id":123767},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123770,123771,123579],{},[15,123772,57213],{},[20,123774,2065],{},[161,123776,123777,123785],{},[164,123778,123779,398,123781,123784],{},[15,123780,18046],{},[15,123782,123783],{},"\"A\""," are different",[164,123786,123787,398,123789,123784],{},[15,123788,64300],{},[15,123790,90184],{},[20,123792,2164],{},[35,123794,123796],{"className":37,"code":123795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123797,123798,123811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123799,123800,123802,123804,123806,123809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123801,34638],{"class":50},[44,123803,55],{"class":54},[44,123805,284],{"class":272},[44,123807,123808],{"class":276},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123810,3318],{"class":272},[44,123812,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829,123831],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123814,128],{"class":127},[44,123816,115],{"class":58},[44,123818,34659],{"class":111},[44,123820,108],{"class":58},[44,123822,41211],{"class":111},[44,123824,115],{"class":58},[44,123826,273],{"class":272},[44,123828,277],{"class":276},[44,123830,273],{"class":272},[44,123832,637],{"class":58},[20,123834,2028],{},[35,123836,123837],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123838,123839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123840,123841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123842,46868],{"class":62},[20,123844,123845,123846,159],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[394,123847,123849],{"href":123848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123850,123851],{},"lower()",[35,123853,123855],{"className":37,"code":123854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123856,123857,123869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123858,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123860,34638],{"class":50},[44,123862,55],{"class":54},[44,123864,284],{"class":272},[44,123866,123808],{"class":276},[44,123868,3318],{"class":272},[44,123870,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123872,128],{"class":127},[44,123874,115],{"class":58},[44,123876,34659],{"class":111},[44,123878,108],{"class":58},[44,123880,8587],{"class":111},[44,123882,8584],{"class":58},[44,123884,41211],{"class":111},[44,123886,115],{"class":58},[44,123888,273],{"class":272},[44,123890,277],{"class":276},[44,123892,273],{"class":272},[44,123894,637],{"class":58},[20,123896,2028],{},[35,123898,123899],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123900,123901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123902,123903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123904,46568],{"class":62},[30,123906,2788],{"id":2787},[20,123908,23045,123909,108],{},[15,123910,57213],{},[420,123912,8399,123914,123916],{"id":123913},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123915,57213],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123918,123919],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123921,123923],{"className":37,"code":123922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123924,123925,123938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123926,123927,123929,123931,123933,123936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123928,34638],{"class":50},[44,123930,55],{"class":54},[44,123932,284],{"class":272},[44,123934,123935],{"class":276},"Aardvark",[44,123937,3318],{"class":272},[44,123939,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123941,128],{"class":127},[44,123943,115],{"class":58},[44,123945,34659],{"class":111},[44,123947,108],{"class":58},[44,123949,41211],{"class":111},[44,123951,115],{"class":58},[44,123953,273],{"class":272},[44,123955,394],{"class":276},[44,123957,273],{"class":272},[44,123959,637],{"class":58},[20,123961,2028],{},[35,123963,123964],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123965,123966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123967,123968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123969,17006],{"class":62},[20,123971,123572,123972,123974],{},[15,123973,123783],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123976,123977],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123979,123981],{"className":37,"code":123980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123982,123983,123995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123984,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123986,34638],{"class":50},[44,123988,55],{"class":54},[44,123990,284],{"class":272},[44,123992,123935],{"class":276},[44,123994,3318],{"class":272},[44,123996,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,123998,128],{"class":127},[44,124000,115],{"class":58},[44,124002,34659],{"class":111},[44,124004,108],{"class":58},[44,124006,8587],{"class":111},[44,124008,8584],{"class":58},[44,124010,41211],{"class":111},[44,124012,115],{"class":58},[44,124014,273],{"class":272},[44,124016,394],{"class":276},[44,124018,273],{"class":272},[44,124020,637],{"class":58},[420,124022,124024],{"id":124023},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124026,124027],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,124029,124031],{"className":37,"code":124030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124032,124033,124045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124034,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124036,34638],{"class":50},[44,124038,55],{"class":54},[44,124040,284],{"class":272},[44,124042,287],{"class":276},[44,124044,3318],{"class":272},[44,124046,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055,124057,124059,124061],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124048,128],{"class":127},[44,124050,115],{"class":58},[44,124052,34659],{"class":111},[44,124054,108],{"class":58},[44,124056,41211],{"class":111},[44,124058,115],{"class":58},[44,124060,394],{"class":111},[44,124062,637],{"class":58},[20,124064,124065,124066,108],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124067,394],{},[20,124069,10757],{},[35,124071,124073],{"className":37,"code":124072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124074,124075,124087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124076,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124078,34638],{"class":50},[44,124080,55],{"class":54},[44,124082,284],{"class":272},[44,124084,287],{"class":276},[44,124086,3318],{"class":272},[44,124088,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124090,128],{"class":127},[44,124092,115],{"class":58},[44,124094,34659],{"class":111},[44,124096,108],{"class":58},[44,124098,41211],{"class":111},[44,124100,115],{"class":58},[44,124102,273],{"class":272},[44,124104,394],{"class":276},[44,124106,273],{"class":272},[44,124108,637],{"class":58},[420,124110,37154,124112,8652,124114,2837,124117],{"id":124111},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124113,57213],{},[15,124115,124116],{},"find()",[15,124118,58891],{},[20,124120,144,124121,124123,124124,108],{},[15,124122,57213],{}," when you need the ",[214,124125,124126],{},"number of matches",[20,124128,144,124129,124123,124134,124136],{},[394,124130,124132],{"href":124131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124133,124116],{},[214,124135,64712],{}," of the first match.",[20,124138,144,124139,124144],{},[394,124140,124142],{"href":124141},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124143,58891],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[420,124146,124148],{"id":124147},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124150,124151,124153],{},[15,124152,57213],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124155,2164],{},[35,124157,124159],{"className":37,"code":124158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124160,124161,124174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124162,124163,124165,124167,124169,124172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124164,34638],{"class":50},[44,124166,55],{"class":54},[44,124168,284],{"class":272},[44,124170,124171],{"class":276},"aaaa",[44,124173,3318],{"class":272},[44,124175,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186,124188,124190,124193,124195],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124177,128],{"class":127},[44,124179,115],{"class":58},[44,124181,34659],{"class":111},[44,124183,108],{"class":58},[44,124185,41211],{"class":111},[44,124187,115],{"class":58},[44,124189,273],{"class":272},[44,124191,124192],{"class":276},"aa",[44,124194,273],{"class":272},[44,124196,637],{"class":58},[20,124198,2028],{},[35,124200,124201],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124202,124203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124204,124205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124206,17006],{"class":62},[20,124208,124209,124210,108],{},"It does not return ",[15,124211,85],{},[20,124213,124214],{},"Why not?",[20,124216,124217],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[161,124219,124220,124229],{},[164,124221,124222,124225,124226],{},[15,124223,124224],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124227,124228],{},"0-1",[164,124230,124231,124225,124233],{},[15,124232,124224],{},[15,124234,124235],{},"2-3",[20,124237,124238,124239,108],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124240,124241],{},"1-2",[30,124243,1638,124244],{"id":58296},[15,124245,57213],{},[20,124247,144,124248,124250],{},[15,124249,57213],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124252,124253],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[161,124255,124256,124265,124275,124285],{},[164,124257,144,124258,124260,124261,124264],{},[15,124259,57213],{}," when you need ",[214,124262,124263],{},"how many times"," something appears",[164,124266,144,124267,124260,124271,124274],{},[394,124268,124269],{"href":124131},[15,124270,124116],{},[214,124272,124273],{},"where"," it appears",[164,124276,47762,124277,124281,124282],{},[394,124278,124279,101367],{"href":123376},[15,124280,3839],{}," when you only need to know ",[214,124283,124284],{},"if it exists",[164,124286,144,124287,124293],{},[394,124288,124290],{"href":124289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124291,124292],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124295,25893],{"id":25892},[20,124297,8823,124298,124300],{},[15,124299,57213],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124302,124304],{"className":37,"code":124303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124305,124306,124316,124330,124352,124378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124307,124308,124310,124312,124314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124309,128],{"class":127},[44,124311,115],{"class":58},[44,124313,34659],{"class":111},[44,124315,121],{"class":58},[44,124317,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124319,128],{"class":127},[44,124321,115],{"class":58},[44,124323,1459],{"class":1458},[44,124325,115],{"class":58},[44,124327,34659],{"class":111},[44,124329,637],{"class":58},[44,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,124333,128],{"class":127},[44,124335,115],{"class":58},[44,124337,34659],{"class":111},[44,124339,108],{"class":58},[44,124341,41211],{"class":111},[44,124343,115],{"class":58},[44,124345,273],{"class":272},[44,124347,394],{"class":276},[44,124349,273],{"class":272},[44,124351,637],{"class":58},[44,124353,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124355,128],{"class":127},[44,124357,115],{"class":58},[44,124359,34659],{"class":111},[44,124361,108],{"class":58},[44,124363,8587],{"class":111},[44,124365,8584],{"class":58},[44,124367,41211],{"class":111},[44,124369,115],{"class":58},[44,124371,273],{"class":272},[44,124373,394],{"class":276},[44,124375,273],{"class":272},[44,124377,637],{"class":58},[44,124379,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394,124396,124398],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,124381,128],{"class":127},[44,124383,115],{"class":58},[44,124385,34659],{"class":111},[44,124387,108],{"class":58},[44,124389,41211],{"class":111},[44,124391,115],{"class":58},[44,124393,273],{"class":272},[44,124395,123214],{"class":276},[44,124397,273],{"class":272},[44,124399,637],{"class":58},[20,124401,124402],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[161,124404,124405,124408,124413,124416],{},[164,124406,124407],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[164,124409,124410,124412],{},[15,124411,34659],{}," not being a string",[164,124414,124415],{},"counting the wrong substring",[164,124417,124418],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124420,58785],{},[161,124422,124423,124426,124429,124432],{},[164,124424,124425],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[164,124427,124428],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[164,124430,124431],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[164,124433,50442,124434,1170,124436,2837,124438,73077],{},[15,124435,57213],{},[15,124437,124116],{},[15,124439,3839],{},[30,124441,1757],{"id":1756},[420,124443,124445,124446,124448],{"id":124444},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124447,57213],{}," change the original string?",[20,124450,124451],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[420,124453,14851,124455,124457],{"id":124454},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124456,57213],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124459,124460],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[420,124462,5096,124464,124466],{"id":124463},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124465,57213],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124468,5102,124469,108],{},[15,124470,746],{},[420,124472,5124,124474,124476],{"id":124473},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124475,57213],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124478,124479],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[420,124481,1761,124483,124485],{"id":124482},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124484,57213],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124487,124488],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124490,1821],{"id":1820},[161,124492,124493,124500,124507,124514,124521],{},[164,124494,124495],{},[394,124496,124497],{"href":124131},[15,124498,124499],{},"Python string find() method",[164,124501,124502],{},[394,124503,124504],{"href":124141},[15,124505,124506],{},"Python string index() method",[164,124508,124509],{},[394,124510,124511],{"href":123848},[15,124512,124513],{},"Python string lower() method",[164,124515,124516],{},[394,124517,124518],{"href":123376},[15,124519,124520],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[164,124522,124523],{},[394,124524,124525],{"href":124289},[15,124526,124527],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1872,124529,124530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":124532},[124533,124534,124536,124539,124540,124541,124542,124545,124546,124554,124555,124556,124568],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":123242,"depth":75,"text":124535},"What the count() method does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":124537},[124538],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":123458,"depth":75,"text":123459},{"id":65172,"depth":75,"text":65955,"children":124543},[124544],{"id":123679,"depth":95,"text":123680},{"id":123767,"depth":75,"text":123768},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":124547},[124548,124550,124551,124553],{"id":123913,"depth":95,"text":124549},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124023,"depth":95,"text":124024},{"id":124111,"depth":95,"text":124552},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124147,"depth":95,"text":124148},{"id":58296,"depth":75,"text":58927},{"id":25892,"depth":75,"text":25893},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":124557},[124558,124560,124562,124564,124566],{"id":124444,"depth":95,"text":124559},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124454,"depth":95,"text":124561},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124463,"depth":95,"text":124563},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124473,"depth":95,"text":124565},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124482,"depth":95,"text":124567},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123115,"description":124569},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124576,"title":124577,"body":124578,"description":126163,"extension":1921,"meta":126164,"navigation":98,"path":126165,"seo":126166,"stem":126167,"__hash__":126168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124579,"toc":126136},[124580,124583,124586,124683,124692,124694,124713,124717,124720,124723,124736,124739,124768,124773,124778,124836,124838,124871,124877,124881,124884,124887,124916,124919,124946,124949,124952,124956,124959,124966,125029,125031,125049,125052,125056,125059,125062,125104,125107,125151,125154,125157,125161,125166,125169,125212,125214,125237,125240,125273,125276,125325,125335,125339,125342,125345,125374,125377,125388,125390,125449,125452,125456,125459,125462,125477,125486,125489,125523,125526,125553,125556,125563,125565,125568,125570,125573,125587,125596,125598,125625,125629,125632,125646,125649,125708,125712,125715,125742,125745,125772,125780,125783,125843,125845,125878,125882,125885,125904,125909,125958,125963,125965,125968,126027,126045,126047,126051,126059,126063,126066,126070,126076,126080,126090,126094,126097,126099,126133],[10,124581,124577],{"id":124582},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124584,124585],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124587,124589],{"className":37,"code":124588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124590,124591,124603,124615,124624,124638,124642,124652,124662,124673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124592,124593,124595,124597,124599,124601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124594,7824],{"class":50},[44,124596,55],{"class":54},[44,124598,284],{"class":272},[44,124600,4957],{"class":276},[44,124602,3318],{"class":272},[44,124604,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124606,89773],{"class":50},[44,124608,55],{"class":54},[44,124610,3254],{"class":272},[44,124612,34818],{"class":276},[44,124614,29651],{"class":272},[44,124616,124617,124620,124622],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,124618,124619],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124621,55],{"class":54},[44,124623,7829],{"class":272},[44,124625,124626,124628,124630,124632,124634,124636],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124627,34638],{"class":50},[44,124629,55],{"class":54},[44,124631,48855],{"class":1458},[44,124633,115],{"class":58},[44,124635,50196],{"class":62},[44,124637,121],{"class":58},[44,124639,124640],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,124641,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,124643,124644,124646,124648,124650],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,124645,128],{"class":127},[44,124647,115],{"class":58},[44,124649,7616],{"class":111},[44,124651,121],{"class":58},[44,124653,124654,124656,124658,124660],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,124655,128],{"class":127},[44,124657,115],{"class":58},[44,124659,89790],{"class":111},[44,124661,121],{"class":58},[44,124663,124664,124666,124668,124671],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,124665,128],{"class":127},[44,124667,115],{"class":58},[44,124669,124670],{"class":111},"empty",[44,124672,121],{"class":58},[44,124674,124675,124677,124679,124681],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,124676,128],{"class":127},[44,124678,115],{"class":58},[44,124680,34659],{"class":111},[44,124682,121],{"class":58},[20,124684,124685,124688,124689,124691],{},[214,124686,124687],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124690,47635],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124693,15111],{"id":15110},[161,124695,124696,124699,124702,124705,124710],{},[164,124697,124698],{},"What a string is in Python",[164,124700,124701],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[164,124703,124704],{},"How to create an empty string",[164,124706,124707,124708],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124709,47635],{},[164,124711,124712],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124714,124716],{"id":124715},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124718,124719],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124721,124722],{},"Strings can contain:",[161,124724,124725,124728,124730,124733],{},[164,124726,124727],{},"Letters",[164,124729,56388],{},[164,124731,124732],{},"Spaces",[164,124734,124735],{},"Symbols",[20,124737,124738],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124740,124742],{"className":37,"code":124741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124743,124744,124752,124760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124745,124746,124748,124750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124747,273],{"class":43280},[44,124749,1262],{"class":43284},[44,124751,3318],{"class":43280},[44,124753,124754,124756,124758],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124755,273],{"class":43280},[44,124757,50196],{"class":43284},[44,124759,3318],{"class":43280},[44,124761,124762,124764,124766],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,124763,273],{"class":43280},[44,124765,88915],{"class":43284},[44,124767,3318],{"class":43280},[20,124769,20928,124770,124772],{},[15,124771,50246],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124774,124775,124776,159],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124777,2258],{},[35,124779,124781],{"className":37,"code":124780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124782,124783,124795,124804,124808,124822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124784,124785,124787,124789,124791,124793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124786,34638],{"class":50},[44,124788,55],{"class":54},[44,124790,284],{"class":272},[44,124792,50196],{"class":276},[44,124794,3318],{"class":272},[44,124796,124797,124799,124801],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124798,2174],{"class":50},[44,124800,55],{"class":54},[44,124802,124803],{"class":62}," 123\n",[44,124805,124806],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,124807,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,124809,124810,124812,124814,124816,124818,124820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124811,128],{"class":127},[44,124813,115],{"class":58},[44,124815,1459],{"class":1458},[44,124817,115],{"class":58},[44,124819,34659],{"class":111},[44,124821,637],{"class":58},[44,124823,124824,124826,124828,124830,124832,124834],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,124825,128],{"class":127},[44,124827,115],{"class":58},[44,124829,1459],{"class":1458},[44,124831,115],{"class":58},[44,124833,2196],{"class":111},[44,124835,637],{"class":58},[20,124837,2028],{},[35,124839,124841],{"className":37,"code":124840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124842,124843,124857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124844,124845,124847,124849,124851,124853,124855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124846,3248],{"class":54},[44,124848,3251],{"class":2022},[44,124850,3254],{"class":272},[44,124852,3403],{"class":276},[44,124854,3259],{"class":272},[44,124856,3262],{"class":54},[44,124858,124859,124861,124863,124865,124867,124869],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124860,3248],{"class":54},[44,124862,3251],{"class":2022},[44,124864,3254],{"class":272},[44,124866,2145],{"class":276},[44,124868,3259],{"class":272},[44,124870,3262],{"class":54},[20,124872,124873,124874,108],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[394,124875,124876],{"href":50926},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,124878,124880],{"id":124879},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124882,124883],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124885,124886],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124888,124890],{"className":37,"code":124889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124891,124892,124905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124893,124894,124897,124899,124901,124903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124895,124896],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124898,55],{"class":54},[44,124900,3254],{"class":272},[44,124902,1262],{"class":276},[44,124904,29651],{"class":272},[44,124906,124907,124909,124911,124914],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124908,128],{"class":127},[44,124910,115],{"class":58},[44,124912,124913],{"class":111},"greeting",[44,124915,121],{"class":58},[20,124917,124918],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124920,124922],{"className":37,"code":124921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124923,124924,124936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124925,124926,124928,124930,124932,124934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124927,124896],{"class":50},[44,124929,55],{"class":54},[44,124931,284],{"class":272},[44,124933,1262],{"class":276},[44,124935,3318],{"class":272},[44,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124939,128],{"class":127},[44,124941,115],{"class":58},[44,124943,124913],{"class":111},[44,124945,121],{"class":58},[20,124947,124948],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124950,124951],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,124953,124955],{"id":124954},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124957,124958],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124960,124961,124962,2837,124964,159],{},"Use either ",[15,124963,6224],{},[15,124965,3731],{},[35,124967,124969],{"className":37,"code":124968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124970,124971,124980,124989,124993,125004,125015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124972,124973,124976,124978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124974,124975],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124977,55],{"class":54},[44,124979,7829],{"class":272},[44,124981,124982,124985,124987],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,124983,124984],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124986,55],{"class":54},[44,124988,47447],{"class":272},[44,124990,124991],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,124992,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,124994,124995,124997,124999,125002],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124996,128],{"class":127},[44,124998,115],{"class":58},[44,125000,125001],{"class":111},"empty1",[44,125003,121],{"class":58},[44,125005,125006,125008,125010,125013],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125007,128],{"class":127},[44,125009,115],{"class":58},[44,125011,125012],{"class":111},"empty2",[44,125014,121],{"class":58},[44,125016,125017,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,125018,128],{"class":127},[44,125020,115],{"class":58},[44,125022,1459],{"class":1458},[44,125024,115],{"class":58},[44,125026,125001],{"class":111},[44,125028,637],{"class":58},[20,125030,2028],{},[35,125032,125033],{"className":37,"code":45721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125034,125035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125036,125037,125039,125041,125043,125045,125047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125038,3248],{"class":54},[44,125040,3251],{"class":2022},[44,125042,3254],{"class":272},[44,125044,3403],{"class":276},[44,125046,3259],{"class":272},[44,125048,3262],{"class":54},[20,125050,125051],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,125053,125055],{"id":125054},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125057,125058],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125060,125061],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,125063,125065],{"className":37,"code":125064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125066,125067,125078,125083,125090,125094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125068,125069,125071,125073,125076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125070,89773],{"class":50},[44,125072,55],{"class":54},[44,125074,125075],{"class":272}," \"\"\"",[44,125077,88715],{"class":276},[44,125079,125080],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125081,125082],{"class":276},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,125084,125085,125088],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125086,125087],{"class":276},"Have a nice day",[44,125089,43288],{"class":272},[44,125091,125092],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125093,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125095,125096,125098,125100,125102],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125097,128],{"class":127},[44,125099,115],{"class":58},[44,125101,89790],{"class":111},[44,125103,121],{"class":58},[20,125105,125106],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,125108,125110],{"className":37,"code":125109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125111,125112,125124,125129,125137,125141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125113,125114,125116,125118,125121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125115,89773],{"class":50},[44,125117,55],{"class":54},[44,125119,125120],{"class":272}," '''",[44,125122,125123],{"class":276},"Line 1\n",[44,125125,125126],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125127,125128],{"class":276},"Line 2\n",[44,125130,125131,125134],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125132,125133],{"class":276},"Line 3",[44,125135,125136],{"class":272},"'''\n",[44,125138,125139],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125140,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125142,125143,125145,125147,125149],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125144,128],{"class":127},[44,125146,115],{"class":58},[44,125148,89790],{"class":111},[44,125150,121],{"class":58},[20,125152,125153],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125155,125156],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125158,125160],{"id":125159},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125162,1938,125163,125165],{},[15,125164,47635],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125167,125168],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125170,125172],{"className":37,"code":125171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125173,125174,125188,125198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125175,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125177,34638],{"class":50},[44,125179,55],{"class":54},[44,125181,48855],{"class":1458},[44,125183,115],{"class":58},[44,125185,46477],{"class":62},[44,125187,121],{"class":58},[44,125189,125190,125192,125194,125196],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125191,128],{"class":127},[44,125193,115],{"class":58},[44,125195,34659],{"class":111},[44,125197,121],{"class":58},[44,125199,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208,125210],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125201,128],{"class":127},[44,125203,115],{"class":58},[44,125205,1459],{"class":1458},[44,125207,115],{"class":58},[44,125209,34659],{"class":111},[44,125211,637],{"class":58},[20,125213,2028],{},[35,125215,125217],{"className":37,"code":125216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125218,125219,125223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125220,125221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125222,46563],{"class":62},[44,125224,125225,125227,125229,125231,125233,125235],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125226,3248],{"class":54},[44,125228,3251],{"class":2022},[44,125230,3254],{"class":272},[44,125232,3403],{"class":276},[44,125234,3259],{"class":272},[44,125236,3262],{"class":54},[20,125238,125239],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125241,125243],{"className":37,"code":125242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125244,125245,125259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125246,125247,125249,125251,125253,125255,125257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125248,128],{"class":127},[44,125250,115],{"class":58},[44,125252,3403],{"class":1458},[44,125254,115],{"class":58},[44,125256,3565],{"class":1582},[44,125258,637],{"class":58},[44,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269,125271],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125262,128],{"class":127},[44,125264,115],{"class":58},[44,125266,3403],{"class":1458},[44,125268,115],{"class":58},[44,125270,40094],{"class":62},[44,125272,637],{"class":58},[20,125274,125275],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125277,125279],{"className":37,"code":125278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125280,125281,125289,125311,125315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125282,125283,125285,125287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125284,21579],{"class":50},[44,125286,55],{"class":54},[44,125288,45176],{"class":62},[44,125290,125291,125293,125295,125297,125299,125301,125303,125305,125307,125309],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125292,89773],{"class":50},[44,125294,55],{"class":54},[44,125296,284],{"class":272},[44,125298,89191],{"class":276},[44,125300,273],{"class":272},[44,125302,2411],{"class":54},[44,125304,48855],{"class":1458},[44,125306,115],{"class":58},[44,125308,9248],{"class":111},[44,125310,121],{"class":58},[44,125312,125313],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125314,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125318,128],{"class":127},[44,125320,115],{"class":58},[44,125322,89790],{"class":111},[44,125324,121],{"class":58},[20,125326,125327,125328,2837,125332,108],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[394,125329,3536,125330,3469],{"href":42126},[15,125331,47635],{},[394,125333,125334],{"href":123046},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125336,125338],{"id":125337},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125340,125341],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125343,125344],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125346,125348],{"className":37,"code":125347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125349,125350,125362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125351,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125353,2511],{"class":50},[44,125355,55],{"class":54},[44,125357,3254],{"class":272},[44,125359,7244],{"class":276},[44,125361,29651],{"class":272},[44,125363,125364,125366,125368,125370,125372],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125365,2539],{"class":50},[44,125367,55],{"class":54},[44,125369,284],{"class":272},[44,125371,7244],{"class":276},[44,125373,3318],{"class":272},[20,125375,125376],{},"A common rule is:",[161,125378,125379,125382,125385],{},[164,125380,125381],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[164,125383,125384],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[164,125386,125387],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125389,2164],{},[35,125391,125393],{"className":37,"code":125392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125394,125395,125409,125423,125427,125438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125396,125397,125400,125402,125404,125407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125398,125399],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125401,55],{"class":54},[44,125403,284],{"class":272},[44,125405,125406],{"class":276},"It's working",[44,125408,3318],{"class":272},[44,125410,125411,125414,125416,125418,125421],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125412,125413],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125415,55],{"class":54},[44,125417,3254],{"class":272},[44,125419,125420],{"class":276},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125422,29651],{"class":272},[44,125424,125425],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125426,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125428,125429,125431,125433,125436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125430,128],{"class":127},[44,125432,115],{"class":58},[44,125434,125435],{"class":111},"text1",[44,125437,121],{"class":58},[44,125439,125440,125442,125444,125447],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125441,128],{"class":127},[44,125443,115],{"class":58},[44,125445,125446],{"class":111},"text2",[44,125448,121],{"class":58},[20,125450,125451],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125453,125455],{"id":125454},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125457,125458],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125460,125461],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125463,125465],{"className":37,"code":125464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125466,125467,125472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125468,125469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125470,125471],{"class":140},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125473,125474],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125475,125476],{"class":140},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125478,125479,125480,35281,125482,125485],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125481,3259],{},[15,125483,125484],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125487,125488],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125490,125492],{"className":37,"code":125491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125493,125494,125513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125495,125496,125498,125500,125502,125505,125508,125511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125497,34638],{"class":50},[44,125499,55],{"class":54},[44,125501,3254],{"class":272},[44,125503,125504],{"class":276},"It",[44,125506,125507],{"class":34403},"\\'",[44,125509,125510],{"class":276},"s working",[44,125512,29651],{"class":272},[44,125514,125515,125517,125519,125521],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125516,128],{"class":127},[44,125518,115],{"class":58},[44,125520,34659],{"class":111},[44,125522,121],{"class":58},[20,125524,125525],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125527,125529],{"className":37,"code":125528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125530,125531,125543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125534,34638],{"class":50},[44,125536,55],{"class":54},[44,125538,284],{"class":272},[44,125540,125406],{"class":276},[44,125542,3318],{"class":272},[44,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125546,128],{"class":127},[44,125548,115],{"class":58},[44,125550,34659],{"class":111},[44,125552,121],{"class":58},[20,125554,125555],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125557,125558,125559,108],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[394,125560,125562],{"href":125561},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125564,2788],{"id":2787},[20,125566,125567],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[420,125569,89980],{"id":89979},[20,125571,125572],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125574,125576],{"className":37,"code":125575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125577,125578,125582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125579,125580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125581,125471],{"class":140},[44,125583,125584],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125585,125586],{"class":140},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125588,125589,125590,8548,125593,125595],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125591,125592],{},"NameError",[15,125594,4957],{}," is not defined.",[20,125597,10757],{},[35,125599,125601],{"className":37,"code":125600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125602,125603,125615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125606,7824],{"class":50},[44,125608,55],{"class":54},[44,125610,284],{"class":272},[44,125612,4957],{"class":276},[44,125614,3318],{"class":272},[44,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125618,128],{"class":127},[44,125620,115],{"class":58},[44,125622,7616],{"class":111},[44,125624,121],{"class":58},[420,125626,125628],{"id":125627},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125630,125631],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125633,125635],{"className":37,"code":125634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125636,125637,125641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125638,125639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125640,125471],{"class":140},[44,125642,125643],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125644,125645],{"class":140},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125647,125648],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125650,125652],{"className":37,"code":125651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125653,125654,125671,125684,125688,125698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125655,125656,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666,125669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125657,125399],{"class":50},[44,125659,55],{"class":54},[44,125661,3254],{"class":272},[44,125663,125504],{"class":276},[44,125665,125507],{"class":34403},[44,125667,125668],{"class":276},"s good",[44,125670,29651],{"class":272},[44,125672,125673,125675,125677,125679,125682],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125674,125413],{"class":50},[44,125676,55],{"class":54},[44,125678,284],{"class":272},[44,125680,125681],{"class":276},"It's good",[44,125683,3318],{"class":272},[44,125685,125686],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125687,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125689,125690,125692,125694,125696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125691,128],{"class":127},[44,125693,115],{"class":58},[44,125695,125435],{"class":111},[44,125697,121],{"class":58},[44,125699,125700,125702,125704,125706],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125701,128],{"class":127},[44,125703,115],{"class":58},[44,125705,125446],{"class":111},[44,125707,121],{"class":58},[420,125709,125711],{"id":125710},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125713,125714],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125716,125718],{"className":37,"code":125717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125719,125720,125732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125721,125722,125724,125726,125728,125730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125723,34638],{"class":50},[44,125725,55],{"class":54},[44,125727,125075],{"class":272},[44,125729,1262],{"class":276},[44,125731,43288],{"class":272},[44,125733,125734,125736,125738,125740],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125735,128],{"class":127},[44,125737,115],{"class":58},[44,125739,34659],{"class":111},[44,125741,121],{"class":58},[20,125743,125744],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125746,125748],{"className":37,"code":125747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125749,125750,125762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125751,125752,125754,125756,125758,125760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125753,34638],{"class":50},[44,125755,55],{"class":54},[44,125757,284],{"class":272},[44,125759,1262],{"class":276},[44,125761,3318],{"class":272},[44,125763,125764,125766,125768,125770],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125765,128],{"class":127},[44,125767,115],{"class":58},[44,125769,34659],{"class":111},[44,125771,121],{"class":58},[420,125773,4531,125775,398,125777,125779],{"id":125774},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125776,50196],{},[15,125778,50246],{}," are the same type",[20,125781,125782],{},"They are different:",[35,125784,125786],{"className":37,"code":125785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125787,125788,125797,125810,125814,125828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125789,125790,125793,125795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125791,125792],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125794,55],{"class":54},[44,125796,124803],{"class":62},[44,125798,125799,125802,125804,125806,125808],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125800,125801],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125803,55],{"class":54},[44,125805,284],{"class":272},[44,125807,50196],{"class":276},[44,125809,3318],{"class":272},[44,125811,125812],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125813,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125815,125816,125818,125820,125822,125824,125826],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125817,128],{"class":127},[44,125819,115],{"class":58},[44,125821,1459],{"class":1458},[44,125823,115],{"class":58},[44,125825,84536],{"class":111},[44,125827,637],{"class":58},[44,125829,125830,125832,125834,125836,125838,125841],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,125831,128],{"class":127},[44,125833,115],{"class":58},[44,125835,1459],{"class":1458},[44,125837,115],{"class":58},[44,125839,125840],{"class":111},"value2",[44,125842,637],{"class":58},[20,125844,2028],{},[35,125846,125848],{"className":37,"code":125847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125849,125850,125864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125851,125852,125854,125856,125858,125860,125862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125853,3248],{"class":54},[44,125855,3251],{"class":2022},[44,125857,3254],{"class":272},[44,125859,2145],{"class":276},[44,125861,3259],{"class":272},[44,125863,3262],{"class":54},[44,125865,125866,125868,125870,125872,125874,125876],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125867,3248],{"class":54},[44,125869,3251],{"class":2022},[44,125871,3254],{"class":272},[44,125873,3403],{"class":276},[44,125875,3259],{"class":272},[44,125877,3262],{"class":54},[420,125879,125881],{"id":125880},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125883,125884],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125886,125888],{"className":37,"code":125887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125889,125890,125894,125899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125891,125892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125893,125471],{"class":140},[44,125895,125896],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125897,125898],{"class":140},"# age = 10\n",[44,125900,125901],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125902,125903],{"class":140},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125905,125906,125907,159],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125908,47635],{},[35,125910,125912],{"className":37,"code":125911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125913,125914,125922,125944,125948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125915,125916,125918,125920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125917,21579],{"class":50},[44,125919,55],{"class":54},[44,125921,2544],{"class":62},[44,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934,125936,125938,125940,125942],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125925,89773],{"class":50},[44,125927,55],{"class":54},[44,125929,284],{"class":272},[44,125931,89191],{"class":276},[44,125933,273],{"class":272},[44,125935,2411],{"class":54},[44,125937,48855],{"class":1458},[44,125939,115],{"class":58},[44,125941,9248],{"class":111},[44,125943,121],{"class":58},[44,125945,125946],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125947,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125949,125950,125952,125954,125956],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125951,128],{"class":127},[44,125953,115],{"class":58},[44,125955,89790],{"class":111},[44,125957,121],{"class":58},[20,125959,125960,125961,108],{},"For this specific error, see ",[394,125962,90172],{"href":90171},[420,125964,60632],{"id":60631},[20,125966,125967],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125969,125971],{"className":37,"code":125970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125972,125973,125985,125989,125999,126013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125974,125975,125977,125979,125981,125983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125976,34638],{"class":50},[44,125978,55],{"class":54},[44,125980,284],{"class":272},[44,125982,1262],{"class":276},[44,125984,3318],{"class":272},[44,125986,125987],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,125988,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,125990,125991,125993,125995,125997],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,125992,128],{"class":127},[44,125994,115],{"class":58},[44,125996,34659],{"class":111},[44,125998,121],{"class":58},[44,126000,126001,126003,126005,126007,126009,126011],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126002,128],{"class":127},[44,126004,115],{"class":58},[44,126006,1459],{"class":1458},[44,126008,115],{"class":58},[44,126010,34659],{"class":111},[44,126012,637],{"class":58},[44,126014,126015,126017,126019,126021,126023,126025],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,126016,128],{"class":127},[44,126018,115],{"class":58},[44,126020,41731],{"class":127},[44,126022,115],{"class":58},[44,126024,34659],{"class":111},[44,126026,637],{"class":58},[161,126028,126029,126034,126039],{},[164,126030,126031,46229],{},[15,126032,126033],{},"print(text)",[164,126035,126036,46234],{},[15,126037,126038],{},"print(type(text))",[164,126040,126041,126044],{},[15,126042,126043],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,126046,1757],{"id":1756},[420,126048,126050],{"id":126049},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126052,126053,126054,2837,126057,108],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126055,126056],{},"'hello'",[15,126058,64300],{},[420,126060,126062],{"id":126061},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126064,126065],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[420,126067,126069],{"id":126068},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126071,144,126072,2837,126074,108],{},[15,126073,6224],{},[15,126075,3731],{},[420,126077,126079],{"id":126078},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126081,144,126082,126084,126085,126087,126088,108],{},[15,126083,47635],{},", like ",[15,126086,80146],{},", which returns ",[15,126089,42077],{},[420,126091,126093],{"id":126092},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126095,126096],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,126098,1821],{"id":1820},[161,126100,126101,126105,126111,126116,126125,126129],{},[164,126102,126103],{},[394,126104,124876],{"href":50926},[164,126106,126107],{},[394,126108,3536,126109,3469],{"href":42126},[15,126110,47635],{},[164,126112,126113],{},[394,126114,126115],{"href":123046},"How to convert int to string in Python",[164,126117,126118],{},[394,126119,126121,126122,574],{"href":126120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126123,126124],{},"format()",[164,126126,126127],{},[394,126128,125562],{"href":125561},[164,126130,126131],{},[394,126132,90172],{"href":90171},[1872,126134,126135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":126137},[126138,126139,126140,126141,126142,126143,126144,126145,126146,126155,126162],{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":124715,"depth":75,"text":124716},{"id":124879,"depth":75,"text":124880},{"id":124954,"depth":75,"text":124955},{"id":125054,"depth":75,"text":125055},{"id":125159,"depth":75,"text":125160},{"id":125337,"depth":75,"text":125338},{"id":125454,"depth":75,"text":125455},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":126147},[126148,126149,126150,126151,126153,126154],{"id":89979,"depth":95,"text":89980},{"id":125627,"depth":95,"text":125628},{"id":125710,"depth":95,"text":125711},{"id":125774,"depth":95,"text":126152},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125880,"depth":95,"text":125881},{"id":60631,"depth":95,"text":60632},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":126156},[126157,126158,126159,126160,126161],{"id":126049,"depth":95,"text":126050},{"id":126061,"depth":95,"text":126062},{"id":126068,"depth":95,"text":126069},{"id":126078,"depth":95,"text":126079},{"id":126092,"depth":95,"text":126093},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124577,"description":126163},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126170,"title":126171,"body":126172,"description":128086,"extension":1921,"meta":128087,"navigation":98,"path":128088,"seo":128089,"stem":128090,"__hash__":128091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126173,"toc":128047},[126174,126180,126185,126193,126195,126262,126264,126276,126285,126290,126294,126311,126313,126378,126380,126392,126397,126399,126427,126448,126451,126490,126492,126500,126504,126508,126512,126520,126523,126564,126566,126574,126577,126634,126636,126644,126648,126653,126697,126699,126707,126716,126720,126725,126773,126775,126783,126789,126791,126795,126807,126812,126891,126893,126913,126917,126921,126961,126963,126971,126975,127018,127020,127028,127032,127072,127074,127082,127086,127142,127144,127152,127158,127160,127164,127174,127241,127243,127256,127263,127306,127308,127316,127320,127323,127379,127381,127389,127392,127394,127471,127473,127481,127490,127492,127496,127500,127502,127524,127527,127574,127578,127617,127619,127627,127629,127671,127678,127683,127745,127747,127759,127765,127770,127819,127821,127840,127846,127848,127867,127869,127960,127962,127968,127975,127981,127987,127992,128001,128008,128016,128018,128044],[10,126175,123121,126177,18],{"id":126176},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126178,126179],{},"endswith()",[20,126181,123126,126182,126184],{},[15,126183,126179],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126186,126187,126188,2837,126190,126192],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126189,3565],{},[15,126191,3633],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126194,33],{"id":32},[35,126196,126198],{"className":37,"code":126197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126199,126200,126214,126239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126201,126202,126205,126207,126209,126212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126203,126204],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126206,55],{"class":54},[44,126208,284],{"class":272},[44,126210,126211],{"class":276},"report.csv",[44,126213,3318],{"class":272},[44,126215,126216,126218,126220,126223,126225,126228,126230,126232,126235,126237],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126217,128],{"class":127},[44,126219,115],{"class":58},[44,126221,126222],{"class":111},"filename",[44,126224,108],{"class":58},[44,126226,126227],{"class":111},"endswith",[44,126229,115],{"class":58},[44,126231,273],{"class":272},[44,126233,126234],{"class":276},".csv",[44,126236,273],{"class":272},[44,126238,637],{"class":58},[44,126240,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255,126258,126260],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,126242,128],{"class":127},[44,126244,115],{"class":58},[44,126246,126222],{"class":111},[44,126248,108],{"class":58},[44,126250,126227],{"class":111},[44,126252,115],{"class":58},[44,126254,273],{"class":272},[44,126256,126257],{"class":276},".txt",[44,126259,273],{"class":272},[44,126261,637],{"class":58},[20,126263,2028],{},[35,126265,126266],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126267,126268,126272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126269,126270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126271,3936],{"class":1582},[44,126273,126274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126275,3997],{"class":1582},[20,126277,144,126278,5323,126280,2837,126282,126284],{},[15,126279,126179],{},[15,126281,3565],{},[15,126283,3633],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126286,151,126288,154],{"id":126287},"what-endswith-does",[15,126289,126179],{},[20,126291,126292,159],{},[15,126293,126179],{},[161,126295,126296,126299,126305,126308],{},[164,126297,126298],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[164,126300,175,126301,2837,126303],{},[15,126302,3565],{},[15,126304,3633],{},[164,126306,126307],{},"Does not change the original string",[164,126309,126310],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126312,2164],{},[35,126314,126316],{"className":37,"code":126315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126317,126318,126330,126334,126356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126319,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126321,34638],{"class":50},[44,126323,55],{"class":54},[44,126325,284],{"class":272},[44,126327,60329],{"class":276},[44,126329,3318],{"class":272},[44,126331,126332],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126333,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,126337,128],{"class":127},[44,126339,115],{"class":58},[44,126341,34659],{"class":111},[44,126343,108],{"class":58},[44,126345,126227],{"class":111},[44,126347,115],{"class":58},[44,126349,273],{"class":272},[44,126351,1282],{"class":276},[44,126353,273],{"class":272},[44,126355,637],{"class":58},[44,126357,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126359,128],{"class":127},[44,126361,115],{"class":58},[44,126363,34659],{"class":111},[44,126365,108],{"class":58},[44,126367,126227],{"class":111},[44,126369,115],{"class":58},[44,126371,273],{"class":272},[44,126373,1262],{"class":276},[44,126375,273],{"class":272},[44,126377,637],{"class":58},[20,126379,2028],{},[35,126381,126382],{"className":37,"code":44125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126383,126384,126388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126385,126386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126387,3936],{"class":1582},[44,126389,126390],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126391,3997],{"class":1582},[20,126393,126394,126395,108],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[394,126396,124876],{"href":50926},[30,126398,188],{"id":187},[35,126400,126402],{"className":37,"code":126401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126403,126404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126405,126406,126408,126410,126412,126414,126417,126419,126421,126423,126425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126407,241],{"class":50},[44,126409,108],{"class":58},[44,126411,126227],{"class":111},[44,126413,115],{"class":58},[44,126415,126416],{"class":111},"suffix",[44,126418,66],{"class":58},[44,126420,36004],{"class":111},[44,126422,66],{"class":58},[44,126424,64806],{"class":111},[44,126426,121],{"class":58},[161,126428,126429,126434,126441],{},[164,126430,126431,126433],{},[15,126432,126416],{}," is required",[164,126435,126436,398,126438,126440],{},[15,126437,36025],{},[15,126439,52608],{}," are optional",[164,126442,126443,398,126445,126447],{},[15,126444,36025],{},[15,126446,52608],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126449,126450],{},"Basic example:",[35,126452,126454],{"className":37,"code":126453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126455,126456,126468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126457,126458,126460,126462,126464,126466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126459,126204],{"class":50},[44,126461,55],{"class":54},[44,126463,284],{"class":272},[44,126465,86661],{"class":276},[44,126467,3318],{"class":272},[44,126469,126470,126472,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482,126484,126486,126488],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126471,128],{"class":127},[44,126473,115],{"class":58},[44,126475,126222],{"class":111},[44,126477,108],{"class":58},[44,126479,126227],{"class":111},[44,126481,115],{"class":58},[44,126483,273],{"class":272},[44,126485,126257],{"class":276},[44,126487,273],{"class":272},[44,126489,637],{"class":58},[20,126491,2028],{},[35,126493,126494],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126495,126496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126497,126498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126499,3936],{"class":1582},[30,126501,126503],{"id":126502},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[420,126505,126506],{"id":126416},[15,126507,126416],{},[20,126509,126510,30701],{},[15,126511,126416],{},[161,126513,126514,126517],{},[164,126515,126516],{},"A single string",[164,126518,126519],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126521,126522],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126524,126526],{"className":37,"code":126525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126527,126528,126541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126529,126530,126532,126534,126536,126539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126531,7824],{"class":50},[44,126533,55],{"class":54},[44,126535,284],{"class":272},[44,126537,126538],{"class":276},"image.png",[44,126540,3318],{"class":272},[44,126542,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557,126560,126562],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126544,128],{"class":127},[44,126546,115],{"class":58},[44,126548,7616],{"class":111},[44,126550,108],{"class":58},[44,126552,126227],{"class":111},[44,126554,115],{"class":58},[44,126556,273],{"class":272},[44,126558,126559],{"class":276},".png",[44,126561,273],{"class":272},[44,126563,637],{"class":58},[20,126565,2028],{},[35,126567,126568],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126569,126570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126571,126572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126573,3936],{"class":1582},[20,126575,126576],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126578,126580],{"className":37,"code":126579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126581,126582,126594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126583,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126585,7824],{"class":50},[44,126587,55],{"class":54},[44,126589,284],{"class":272},[44,126591,126538],{"class":276},[44,126593,3318],{"class":272},[44,126595,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126613,126615,126617,126619,126621,126623,126625,126627,126630,126632],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126597,128],{"class":127},[44,126599,115],{"class":58},[44,126601,7616],{"class":111},[44,126603,108],{"class":58},[44,126605,126227],{"class":111},[44,126607,628],{"class":58},[44,126609,273],{"class":272},[44,126611,126612],{"class":276},".jpg",[44,126614,273],{"class":272},[44,126616,66],{"class":58},[44,126618,284],{"class":272},[44,126620,126559],{"class":276},[44,126622,273],{"class":272},[44,126624,66],{"class":58},[44,126626,284],{"class":272},[44,126628,126629],{"class":276},".gif",[44,126631,273],{"class":272},[44,126633,2871],{"class":58},[20,126635,2028],{},[35,126637,126638],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126639,126640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126641,126642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126643,3936],{"class":1582},[420,126645,126646],{"id":36025},[15,126647,36025],{},[20,126649,126650,126652],{},[15,126651,36025],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126654,126656],{"className":37,"code":126655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126657,126658,126671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126659,126660,126662,126664,126666,126669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126661,34638],{"class":50},[44,126663,55],{"class":54},[44,126665,284],{"class":272},[44,126667,126668],{"class":276},"my_report.csv",[44,126670,3318],{"class":272},[44,126672,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126674,128],{"class":127},[44,126676,115],{"class":58},[44,126678,34659],{"class":111},[44,126680,108],{"class":58},[44,126682,126227],{"class":111},[44,126684,115],{"class":58},[44,126686,273],{"class":272},[44,126688,126234],{"class":276},[44,126690,273],{"class":272},[44,126692,66],{"class":58},[44,126694,2408],{"class":62},[44,126696,637],{"class":58},[20,126698,2028],{},[35,126700,126701],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126702,126703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126704,126705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126706,3936],{"class":1582},[20,126708,126709,126710,126712,126713,108],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126711,85],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126714,126715],{},"\"report.csv\"",[420,126717,126718],{"id":52608},[15,126719,52608],{},[20,126721,126722,126724],{},[15,126723,52608],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126726,126728],{"className":37,"code":126727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126729,126730,126743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126731,126732,126734,126736,126738,126741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126733,34638],{"class":50},[44,126735,55],{"class":54},[44,126737,284],{"class":272},[44,126739,126740],{"class":276},"report.csv backup",[44,126742,3318],{"class":272},[44,126744,126745,126747,126749,126751,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126746,128],{"class":127},[44,126748,115],{"class":58},[44,126750,34659],{"class":111},[44,126752,108],{"class":58},[44,126754,126227],{"class":111},[44,126756,115],{"class":58},[44,126758,273],{"class":272},[44,126760,126234],{"class":276},[44,126762,273],{"class":272},[44,126764,66],{"class":58},[44,126766,3790],{"class":62},[44,126768,66],{"class":58},[44,126770,5956],{"class":62},[44,126772,637],{"class":58},[20,126774,2028],{},[35,126776,126777],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126778,126779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126780,126781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126782,3936],{"class":1582},[20,126784,126785,126786,126788],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126787,126715],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126790,17368],{"id":17367},[20,126792,126793,25459],{},[15,126794,126179],{},[161,126796,126797,126802],{},[164,126798,126799,126801],{},[15,126800,3565],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[164,126803,126804,126806],{},[15,126805,3633],{}," if it does not",[20,126808,126809,126810,7119],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126811,6944],{},[35,126813,126815],{"className":37,"code":126814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126816,126817,126830,126834,126855,126870,126876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126818,126819,126821,126823,126825,126828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126820,126204],{"class":50},[44,126822,55],{"class":54},[44,126824,284],{"class":272},[44,126826,126827],{"class":276},"data.csv",[44,126829,3318],{"class":272},[44,126831,126832],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126833,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,126835,126836,126838,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,126837,6944],{"class":3832},[44,126839,126840],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126842,108],{"class":58},[44,126844,126227],{"class":111},[44,126846,115],{"class":58},[44,126848,273],{"class":272},[44,126850,126234],{"class":276},[44,126852,273],{"class":272},[44,126854,8288],{"class":58},[44,126856,126857,126859,126861,126863,126866,126868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126858,8017],{"class":127},[44,126860,115],{"class":58},[44,126862,273],{"class":272},[44,126864,126865],{"class":276},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126867,273],{"class":272},[44,126869,121],{"class":58},[44,126871,126872,126874],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,126873,27385],{"class":3832},[44,126875,6344],{"class":58},[44,126877,126878,126880,126882,126884,126887,126889],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,126879,8017],{"class":127},[44,126881,115],{"class":58},[44,126883,273],{"class":272},[44,126885,126886],{"class":276},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126888,273],{"class":272},[44,126890,121],{"class":58},[20,126892,2028],{},[35,126894,126896],{"className":37,"code":126895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126897,126898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126899,126900,126902,126904,126906,126909,126911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126901,49829],{"class":50},[44,126903,12144],{"class":54},[44,126905,44496],{"class":50},[44,126907,126908],{"class":34403},"CSV",[44,126910,86402],{"class":86401},[44,126912,122153],{"class":58},[30,126914,126916],{"id":126915},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[420,126918,126920],{"id":126919},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126922,126924],{"className":37,"code":126923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126925,126926,126939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126927,126928,126930,126932,126934,126937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126929,126204],{"class":50},[44,126931,55],{"class":54},[44,126933,284],{"class":272},[44,126935,126936],{"class":276},"sales.csv",[44,126938,3318],{"class":272},[44,126940,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126942,128],{"class":127},[44,126944,115],{"class":58},[44,126946,126222],{"class":111},[44,126948,108],{"class":58},[44,126950,126227],{"class":111},[44,126952,115],{"class":58},[44,126954,273],{"class":272},[44,126956,126234],{"class":276},[44,126958,273],{"class":272},[44,126960,637],{"class":58},[20,126962,2028],{},[35,126964,126965],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126966,126967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126968,126969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126970,3936],{"class":1582},[420,126972,126974],{"id":126973},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126976,126978],{"className":37,"code":126977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126979,126980,126994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126981,126982,126985,126987,126989,126992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126983,126984],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126986,55],{"class":54},[44,126988,284],{"class":272},[44,126990,126991],{"class":276},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126993,3318],{"class":272},[44,126995,126996,126998,127000,127003,127005,127007,127009,127011,127014,127016],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,126997,128],{"class":127},[44,126999,115],{"class":58},[44,127001,127002],{"class":111},"url",[44,127004,108],{"class":58},[44,127006,126227],{"class":111},[44,127008,115],{"class":58},[44,127010,273],{"class":272},[44,127012,127013],{"class":276},"\u002F",[44,127015,273],{"class":272},[44,127017,637],{"class":58},[20,127019,2028],{},[35,127021,127022],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127023,127024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127025,127026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127027,3936],{"class":1582},[420,127029,127031],{"id":127030},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,127033,127035],{"className":37,"code":127034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127036,127037,127050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127038,127039,127041,127043,127045,127048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127040,89773],{"class":50},[44,127042,55],{"class":54},[44,127044,284],{"class":272},[44,127046,127047],{"class":276},"Hello!",[44,127049,3318],{"class":272},[44,127051,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127053,128],{"class":127},[44,127055,115],{"class":58},[44,127057,89790],{"class":111},[44,127059,108],{"class":58},[44,127061,126227],{"class":111},[44,127063,115],{"class":58},[44,127065,273],{"class":272},[44,127067,89614],{"class":276},[44,127069,273],{"class":272},[44,127071,637],{"class":58},[20,127073,2028],{},[35,127075,127076],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127077,127078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127079,127080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127081,3936],{"class":1582},[420,127083,127085],{"id":127084},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,127087,127089],{"className":37,"code":127088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127090,127091,127104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127092,127093,127095,127097,127099,127102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127094,126204],{"class":50},[44,127096,55],{"class":54},[44,127098,284],{"class":272},[44,127100,127101],{"class":276},"photo.jpg",[44,127103,3318],{"class":272},[44,127105,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127107,128],{"class":127},[44,127109,115],{"class":58},[44,127111,126222],{"class":111},[44,127113,108],{"class":58},[44,127115,126227],{"class":111},[44,127117,628],{"class":58},[44,127119,273],{"class":272},[44,127121,126612],{"class":276},[44,127123,273],{"class":272},[44,127125,66],{"class":58},[44,127127,284],{"class":272},[44,127129,126559],{"class":276},[44,127131,273],{"class":272},[44,127133,66],{"class":58},[44,127135,284],{"class":272},[44,127137,126629],{"class":276},[44,127139,273],{"class":272},[44,127141,2871],{"class":58},[20,127143,2028],{},[35,127145,127146],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127147,127148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127149,127150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127151,3936],{"class":1582},[20,127153,127154,127155,108],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[394,127156,127157],{"href":123376},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127159,123768],{"id":123767},[20,127161,127162,123579],{},[15,127163,126179],{},[20,127165,127166,127167,398,127170,127173],{},"That means ",[15,127168,127169],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127171,127172],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127175,127177],{"className":37,"code":127176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127178,127179,127192,127196,127218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127180,127181,127183,127185,127187,127190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127182,126204],{"class":50},[44,127184,55],{"class":54},[44,127186,284],{"class":272},[44,127188,127189],{"class":276},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127191,3318],{"class":272},[44,127193,127194],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127195,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,127197,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,127199,128],{"class":127},[44,127201,115],{"class":58},[44,127203,126222],{"class":111},[44,127205,108],{"class":58},[44,127207,126227],{"class":111},[44,127209,115],{"class":58},[44,127211,273],{"class":272},[44,127213,126234],{"class":276},[44,127215,273],{"class":272},[44,127217,637],{"class":58},[44,127219,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228,127230,127232,127234,127237,127239],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127221,128],{"class":127},[44,127223,115],{"class":58},[44,127225,126222],{"class":111},[44,127227,108],{"class":58},[44,127229,126227],{"class":111},[44,127231,115],{"class":58},[44,127233,273],{"class":272},[44,127235,127236],{"class":276},".CSV",[44,127238,273],{"class":272},[44,127240,637],{"class":58},[20,127242,2028],{},[35,127244,127246],{"className":37,"code":127245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127247,127248,127252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127249,127250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127251,3997],{"class":1582},[44,127253,127254],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127255,3936],{"class":1582},[20,127257,127258,127259,108],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[394,127260,127261],{"href":123848},[15,127262,123851],{},[35,127264,127266],{"className":37,"code":127265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127267,127268,127280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127269,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127271,126204],{"class":50},[44,127273,55],{"class":54},[44,127275,284],{"class":272},[44,127277,127189],{"class":276},[44,127279,3318],{"class":272},[44,127281,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302,127304],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127283,128],{"class":127},[44,127285,115],{"class":58},[44,127287,126222],{"class":111},[44,127289,108],{"class":58},[44,127291,8587],{"class":111},[44,127293,8584],{"class":58},[44,127295,126227],{"class":111},[44,127297,115],{"class":58},[44,127299,273],{"class":272},[44,127301,126234],{"class":276},[44,127303,273],{"class":272},[44,127305,637],{"class":58},[20,127307,2028],{},[35,127309,127310],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127311,127312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127313,127314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127315,3936],{"class":1582},[30,127317,127319],{"id":127318},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127321,127322],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127324,127326],{"className":37,"code":127325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127327,127328,127341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127329,127330,127332,127334,127336,127339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127331,126204],{"class":50},[44,127333,55],{"class":54},[44,127335,284],{"class":272},[44,127337,127338],{"class":276},"picture.gif",[44,127340,3318],{"class":272},[44,127342,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127344,128],{"class":127},[44,127346,115],{"class":58},[44,127348,126222],{"class":111},[44,127350,108],{"class":58},[44,127352,126227],{"class":111},[44,127354,628],{"class":58},[44,127356,273],{"class":272},[44,127358,126612],{"class":276},[44,127360,273],{"class":272},[44,127362,66],{"class":58},[44,127364,284],{"class":272},[44,127366,126559],{"class":276},[44,127368,273],{"class":272},[44,127370,66],{"class":58},[44,127372,284],{"class":272},[44,127374,126629],{"class":276},[44,127376,273],{"class":272},[44,127378,2871],{"class":58},[20,127380,2028],{},[35,127382,127383],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127384,127385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127386,127387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127388,3936],{"class":1582},[20,127390,127391],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127393,52029],{},[35,127395,127397],{"className":37,"code":127396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127398,127399,127412,127447,127451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127400,127401,127404,127406,127408,127410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127402,127403],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127405,55],{"class":54},[44,127407,284],{"class":272},[44,127409,86661],{"class":276},[44,127411,3318],{"class":272},[44,127413,127414,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427,127429,127431,127434,127436,127438,127440,127443,127445],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127415,127416],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127418,55],{"class":54},[44,127420,9185],{"class":58},[44,127422,273],{"class":272},[44,127424,126257],{"class":276},[44,127426,273],{"class":272},[44,127428,66],{"class":58},[44,127430,284],{"class":272},[44,127432,127433],{"class":276},".md",[44,127435,273],{"class":272},[44,127437,66],{"class":58},[44,127439,284],{"class":272},[44,127441,127442],{"class":276},".docx",[44,127444,273],{"class":272},[44,127446,121],{"class":58},[44,127448,127449],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,127450,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,127452,127453,127455,127457,127460,127462,127464,127466,127469],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127454,128],{"class":127},[44,127456,115],{"class":58},[44,127458,127459],{"class":111},"document",[44,127461,108],{"class":58},[44,127463,126227],{"class":111},[44,127465,115],{"class":58},[44,127467,127468],{"class":111},"allowed",[44,127470,637],{"class":58},[20,127472,2028],{},[35,127474,127475],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127476,127477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127478,127479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127480,3936],{"class":1582},[20,127482,127483,127484,108],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[394,127485,126121,127487,574],{"href":127486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127488,127489],{},"startswith()",[30,127491,2788],{"id":2787},[20,127493,8393,127494,108],{},[15,127495,126179],{},[420,127497,127499],{"id":127498},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127501,4477],{},[35,127503,127505],{"className":37,"code":127504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127506,127507,127519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127508,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127510,126204],{"class":50},[44,127512,55],{"class":54},[44,127514,284],{"class":272},[44,127516,127101],{"class":276},[44,127518,3318],{"class":272},[44,127520,127521],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127522,127523],{"class":140},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127525,127526],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127528,127530],{"className":37,"code":127529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127531,127532,127544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127533,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127535,126204],{"class":50},[44,127537,55],{"class":54},[44,127539,284],{"class":272},[44,127541,127101],{"class":276},[44,127543,3318],{"class":272},[44,127545,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127547,128],{"class":127},[44,127549,115],{"class":58},[44,127551,126222],{"class":111},[44,127553,108],{"class":58},[44,127555,126227],{"class":111},[44,127557,628],{"class":58},[44,127559,273],{"class":272},[44,127561,126612],{"class":276},[44,127563,273],{"class":272},[44,127565,66],{"class":58},[44,127567,284],{"class":272},[44,127569,126559],{"class":276},[44,127571,273],{"class":272},[44,127573,2871],{"class":58},[420,127575,127577],{"id":127576},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127579,127581],{"className":37,"code":127580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127582,127583,127595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127584,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127586,126204],{"class":50},[44,127588,55],{"class":54},[44,127590,284],{"class":272},[44,127592,127189],{"class":276},[44,127594,3318],{"class":272},[44,127596,127597,127599,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127598,128],{"class":127},[44,127600,115],{"class":58},[44,127602,126222],{"class":111},[44,127604,108],{"class":58},[44,127606,126227],{"class":111},[44,127608,115],{"class":58},[44,127610,273],{"class":272},[44,127612,126234],{"class":276},[44,127614,273],{"class":272},[44,127616,637],{"class":58},[20,127618,2028],{},[35,127620,127621],{"className":37,"code":3997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127622,127623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127624,127625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127626,3997],{"class":1582},[20,127628,39213],{},[35,127630,127631],{"className":37,"code":127265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127632,127633,127645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127634,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127636,126204],{"class":50},[44,127638,55],{"class":54},[44,127640,284],{"class":272},[44,127642,127189],{"class":276},[44,127644,3318],{"class":272},[44,127646,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127648,128],{"class":127},[44,127650,115],{"class":58},[44,127652,126222],{"class":111},[44,127654,108],{"class":58},[44,127656,8587],{"class":111},[44,127658,8584],{"class":58},[44,127660,126227],{"class":111},[44,127662,115],{"class":58},[44,127664,273],{"class":272},[44,127666,126234],{"class":276},[44,127668,273],{"class":272},[44,127670,637],{"class":58},[420,127672,37154,127674,8652,127676],{"id":127673},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127675,126179],{},[15,127677,3839],{},[20,127679,127680,127682],{},[15,127681,126179],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127684,127686],{"className":37,"code":127685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127687,127688,127701,127705,127727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127689,127690,127692,127694,127696,127699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127691,34638],{"class":50},[44,127693,55],{"class":54},[44,127695,284],{"class":272},[44,127697,127698],{"class":276},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127700,3318],{"class":272},[44,127702,127703],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127704,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,127706,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,127708,128],{"class":127},[44,127710,115],{"class":58},[44,127712,34659],{"class":111},[44,127714,108],{"class":58},[44,127716,126227],{"class":111},[44,127718,115],{"class":58},[44,127720,273],{"class":272},[44,127722,126234],{"class":276},[44,127724,273],{"class":272},[44,127726,637],{"class":58},[44,127728,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127730,128],{"class":127},[44,127732,115],{"class":58},[44,127734,273],{"class":272},[44,127736,126234],{"class":276},[44,127738,273],{"class":272},[44,127740,21124],{"class":3832},[44,127742,42793],{"class":111},[44,127744,121],{"class":58},[20,127746,2028],{},[35,127748,127749],{"className":37,"code":127245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127750,127751,127755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127752,127753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127754,3997],{"class":1582},[44,127756,127757],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127758,3936],{"class":1582},[420,127760,8399,127762,127764],{"id":127761},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127763,126179],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127766,127767,127769],{},[15,127768,126179],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127771,127773],{"className":37,"code":127772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127774,127775,127787,127809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127776,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127778,126204],{"class":50},[44,127780,55],{"class":54},[44,127782,284],{"class":272},[44,127784,126211],{"class":276},[44,127786,3318],{"class":272},[44,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127790,128],{"class":127},[44,127792,115],{"class":58},[44,127794,126222],{"class":111},[44,127796,108],{"class":58},[44,127798,126227],{"class":111},[44,127800,115],{"class":58},[44,127802,273],{"class":272},[44,127804,126234],{"class":276},[44,127806,273],{"class":272},[44,127808,637],{"class":58},[44,127810,127811,127813,127815,127817],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,127812,128],{"class":127},[44,127814,115],{"class":58},[44,127816,126222],{"class":111},[44,127818,121],{"class":58},[20,127820,2028],{},[35,127822,127824],{"className":37,"code":127823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127825,127826,127830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127827,127828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127829,3936],{"class":1582},[44,127831,127832,127835,127837],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127833,127834],{"class":50},"report",[44,127836,108],{"class":58},[44,127838,127839],{"class":1492},"csv\n",[20,127841,127842,127843,108],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[394,127844,127845],{"href":124289},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127847,65829],{},[161,127849,127850,127853,127856,127859],{},[164,127851,127852],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[164,127854,127855],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[164,127857,127858],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[164,127860,582,127861,1170,127863,2837,127865,111318],{},[15,127862,126179],{},[15,127864,124292],{},[15,127866,41605],{},[20,127868,30087],{},[35,127870,127872],{"className":37,"code":127871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127873,127874,127884,127898,127920,127946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127875,127876,127878,127880,127882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127877,128],{"class":127},[44,127879,115],{"class":58},[44,127881,34659],{"class":111},[44,127883,121],{"class":58},[44,127885,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,127887,128],{"class":127},[44,127889,115],{"class":58},[44,127891,41731],{"class":127},[44,127893,115],{"class":58},[44,127895,34659],{"class":111},[44,127897,637],{"class":58},[44,127899,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127916,127918],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,127901,128],{"class":127},[44,127903,115],{"class":58},[44,127905,34659],{"class":111},[44,127907,108],{"class":58},[44,127909,126227],{"class":111},[44,127911,115],{"class":58},[44,127913,3259],{"class":272},[44,127915,126234],{"class":276},[44,127917,3259],{"class":272},[44,127919,637],{"class":58},[44,127921,127922,127924,127926,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127923,128],{"class":127},[44,127925,115],{"class":58},[44,127927,34659],{"class":111},[44,127929,108],{"class":58},[44,127931,8587],{"class":111},[44,127933,8584],{"class":58},[44,127935,126227],{"class":111},[44,127937,115],{"class":58},[44,127939,3259],{"class":272},[44,127941,126234],{"class":276},[44,127943,3259],{"class":272},[44,127945,637],{"class":58},[44,127947,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,127949,128],{"class":127},[44,127951,115],{"class":58},[44,127953,1459],{"class":1458},[44,127955,115],{"class":58},[44,127957,34659],{"class":111},[44,127959,637],{"class":58},[30,127961,1757],{"id":1756},[420,127963,1761,127965,127967],{"id":127964},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127966,126179],{}," change the string?",[20,127969,127970,127971,2837,127973,108],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127972,3565],{},[15,127974,3633],{},[420,127976,5124,127978,127980],{"id":127977},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127979,126179],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127982,127983,127984,108],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127985,127986],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[420,127988,14851,127990,124457],{"id":127989},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127991,126179],{},[20,127993,127994,127995,2837,127997,128000],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127996,123851],{},[15,127998,127999],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[420,128002,1773,128004,398,128006,1778],{"id":128003},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128005,126179],{},[15,128007,124116],{},[20,128009,128010,128012,128013,128015],{},[15,128011,126179],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128014,124116],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,128017,1821],{"id":1820},[161,128019,128020,128026,128032,128036,128040],{},[164,128021,128022],{},[394,128023,126121,128024,574],{"href":127486},[15,128025,127489],{},[164,128027,128028],{},[394,128029,126121,128030,574],{"href":123848},[15,128031,123851],{},[164,128033,128034],{},[394,128035,124520],{"href":123376},[164,128037,128038],{},[394,128039,124527],{"href":124289},[164,128041,128042],{},[394,128043,124876],{"href":50926},[1872,128045,128046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":128048},[128049,128050,128052,128053,128058,128059,128065,128066,128067,128075,128085],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":126287,"depth":75,"text":128051},"What endswith() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":126502,"depth":75,"text":126503,"children":128054},[128055,128056,128057],{"id":126416,"depth":95,"text":126416},{"id":36025,"depth":95,"text":36025},{"id":52608,"depth":95,"text":52608},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":126915,"depth":75,"text":126916,"children":128060},[128061,128062,128063,128064],{"id":126919,"depth":95,"text":126920},{"id":126973,"depth":95,"text":126974},{"id":127030,"depth":95,"text":127031},{"id":127084,"depth":95,"text":127085},{"id":123767,"depth":75,"text":123768},{"id":127318,"depth":75,"text":127319},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":128068},[128069,128070,128071,128073],{"id":127498,"depth":95,"text":127499},{"id":127576,"depth":95,"text":127577},{"id":127673,"depth":95,"text":128072},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127761,"depth":95,"text":128074},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":128076},[128077,128079,128081,128083],{"id":127964,"depth":95,"text":128078},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127977,"depth":95,"text":128080},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127989,"depth":95,"text":128082},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128003,"depth":95,"text":128084},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126171,"description":128086},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128093,"title":128094,"body":128095,"description":129763,"extension":1921,"meta":129764,"navigation":98,"path":129765,"seo":129766,"stem":129767,"__hash__":129768},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128096,"toc":129736},[128097,128102,128107,128112,128117,128210,128220,128225,128230,128245,128247,128329,128337,128339,128341,128368,128370,128386,128393,128395,128503,128505,128510,128526,128528,128623,128631,128634,128640,128645,128650,128657,128796,128799,128812,128814,128818,128825,128895,128898,128947,128954,128961,128975,128980,128985,129031,129077,129093,129095,129100,129114,129117,129239,129244,129246,129251,129284,129287,129363,129365,129374,129388,129391,129475,129478,129589,129592,129620,129622,129629,129633,129639,129642,129648,129651,129658,129669,129675,129682,129684,129733],[10,128098,123121,128100,18],{"id":128099},"python-string-find-method",[15,128101,124116],{},[20,128103,123126,128104,128106],{},[15,128105,124116],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128108,128109,128110,108],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128111,65620],{},[20,128113,144,128114,128116],{},[15,128115,124116],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,128118,128120],{"className":37,"code":128119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128121,128122,128134,128157,128170,128174,128197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128123,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128125,34638],{"class":50},[44,128127,55],{"class":54},[44,128129,284],{"class":272},[44,128131,60329],{"class":276},[44,128133,3318],{"class":272},[44,128135,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128137,64685],{"class":50},[44,128139,55],{"class":54},[44,128141,42793],{"class":50},[44,128143,108],{"class":58},[44,128145,128146],{"class":111},"find",[44,128148,115],{"class":58},[44,128150,273],{"class":272},[44,128152,1282],{"class":276},[44,128154,273],{"class":272},[44,128156,121],{"class":58},[44,128158,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128160,128],{"class":127},[44,128162,115],{"class":58},[44,128164,64712],{"class":111},[44,128166,1476],{"class":58},[44,128168,128169],{"class":140},"   # 6\n",[44,128171,128172],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128173,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128175,128176,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,128177,128178],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128180,55],{"class":54},[44,128182,42793],{"class":50},[44,128184,108],{"class":58},[44,128186,128146],{"class":111},[44,128188,115],{"class":58},[44,128190,273],{"class":272},[44,128192,39],{"class":276},[44,128194,273],{"class":272},[44,128196,121],{"class":58},[44,128198,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,128200,128],{"class":127},[44,128202,115],{"class":58},[44,128204,26724],{"class":111},[44,128206,1476],{"class":58},[44,128208,128209],{"class":140},"    # -1\n",[1496,128211,128212],{},[20,128213,144,128214,128216,128217,128219],{},[15,128215,124116],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128218,65620],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128221,151,128223,154],{"id":128222},"what-find-does",[15,128224,124116],{},[20,128226,128227,128229],{},[15,128228,124116],{}," is a string method that:",[161,128231,128232,128235,128238,128243],{},[164,128233,128234],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[164,128236,128237],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[164,128239,175,128240,128242],{},[15,128241,65620],{}," if no match is found",[164,128244,126307],{},[20,128246,2164],{},[35,128248,128250],{"className":37,"code":128249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128251,128252,128264,128268,128292,128316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128253,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128255,34638],{"class":50},[44,128257,55],{"class":54},[44,128259,284],{"class":272},[44,128261,287],{"class":276},[44,128263,3318],{"class":272},[44,128265,128266],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128267,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128269,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128271,128],{"class":127},[44,128273,115],{"class":58},[44,128275,34659],{"class":111},[44,128277,108],{"class":58},[44,128279,128146],{"class":111},[44,128281,115],{"class":58},[44,128283,273],{"class":272},[44,128285,123214],{"class":276},[44,128287,273],{"class":272},[44,128289,5315],{"class":58},[44,128291,57568],{"class":140},[44,128293,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128295,128],{"class":127},[44,128297,115],{"class":58},[44,128299,34659],{"class":111},[44,128301,108],{"class":58},[44,128303,128146],{"class":111},[44,128305,115],{"class":58},[44,128307,273],{"class":272},[44,128309,2130],{"class":276},[44,128311,273],{"class":272},[44,128313,5315],{"class":58},[44,128315,128209],{"class":140},[44,128317,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,128319,128],{"class":127},[44,128321,115],{"class":58},[44,128323,34659],{"class":111},[44,128325,1476],{"class":58},[44,128327,128328],{"class":140},"              # banana\n",[20,128330,20721,128331,128334,128335,108],{},[15,128332,128333],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128336,801],{},[30,128338,188],{"id":187},[20,128340,2116],{},[35,128342,128344],{"className":37,"code":128343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128345,128346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128347,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128349,241],{"class":50},[44,128351,108],{"class":58},[44,128353,128146],{"class":111},[44,128355,115],{"class":58},[44,128357,2429],{"class":111},[44,128359,66],{"class":58},[44,128361,36004],{"class":111},[44,128363,66],{"class":58},[44,128365,64806],{"class":111},[44,128367,121],{"class":58},[420,128369,17344],{"id":17343},[161,128371,128372,128376,128381],{},[164,128373,128374,123313],{},[15,128375,2429],{},[164,128377,128378,128380],{},[15,128379,36025],{},": optional starting position",[164,128382,128383,128385],{},[15,128384,52608],{},": optional ending position",[20,128387,128388,398,128390,128392],{},[15,128389,36025],{},[15,128391,52608],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128394,126450],{},[35,128396,128398],{"className":37,"code":128397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128399,128400,128412,128416,128441,128470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128401,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128403,34638],{"class":50},[44,128405,55],{"class":54},[44,128407,284],{"class":272},[44,128409,60329],{"class":276},[44,128411,3318],{"class":272},[44,128413,128414],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128415,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128417,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128419,128],{"class":127},[44,128421,115],{"class":58},[44,128423,34659],{"class":111},[44,128425,108],{"class":58},[44,128427,128146],{"class":111},[44,128429,115],{"class":58},[44,128431,273],{"class":272},[44,128433,60396],{"class":276},[44,128435,273],{"class":272},[44,128437,5315],{"class":58},[44,128439,128440],{"class":140},"        # 4\n",[44,128442,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128444,128],{"class":127},[44,128446,115],{"class":58},[44,128448,34659],{"class":111},[44,128450,108],{"class":58},[44,128452,128146],{"class":111},[44,128454,115],{"class":58},[44,128456,273],{"class":272},[44,128458,60396],{"class":276},[44,128460,273],{"class":272},[44,128462,66],{"class":58},[44,128464,4557],{"class":62},[44,128466,5315],{"class":58},[44,128468,128469],{"class":140},"     # 7\n",[44,128471,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,128473,128],{"class":127},[44,128475,115],{"class":58},[44,128477,34659],{"class":111},[44,128479,108],{"class":58},[44,128481,128146],{"class":111},[44,128483,115],{"class":58},[44,128485,273],{"class":272},[44,128487,60396],{"class":276},[44,128489,273],{"class":272},[44,128491,66],{"class":58},[44,128493,4557],{"class":62},[44,128495,66],{"class":58},[44,128497,5945],{"class":62},[44,128499,5315],{"class":58},[44,128501,128502],{"class":140},"  # -1\n",[30,128504,37971],{"id":37970},[20,128506,57467,128507,128509],{},[15,128508,124116],{}," is always an integer.",[161,128511,128512,128518,128521],{},[164,128513,128514,128515,128517],{},"A number ",[15,128516,746],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[164,128519,128520],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[164,128522,128523,128525],{},[15,128524,65620],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128527,2164],{},[35,128529,128531],{"className":37,"code":128530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128532,128533,128545,128549,128574,128599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128534,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128536,34638],{"class":50},[44,128538,55],{"class":54},[44,128540,284],{"class":272},[44,128542,39],{"class":276},[44,128544,3318],{"class":272},[44,128546,128547],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128548,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128550,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128568,128570,128572],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128552,128],{"class":127},[44,128554,115],{"class":58},[44,128556,34659],{"class":111},[44,128558,108],{"class":58},[44,128560,128146],{"class":111},[44,128562,115],{"class":58},[44,128564,273],{"class":272},[44,128566,128567],{"class":276},"py",[44,128569,273],{"class":272},[44,128571,5315],{"class":58},[44,128573,20718],{"class":140},[44,128575,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128593,128595,128597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128577,128],{"class":127},[44,128579,115],{"class":58},[44,128581,34659],{"class":111},[44,128583,108],{"class":58},[44,128585,128146],{"class":111},[44,128587,115],{"class":58},[44,128589,273],{"class":272},[44,128591,128592],{"class":276},"th",[44,128594,273],{"class":272},[44,128596,5315],{"class":58},[44,128598,57568],{"class":140},[44,128600,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,128602,128],{"class":127},[44,128604,115],{"class":58},[44,128606,34659],{"class":111},[44,128608,108],{"class":58},[44,128610,128146],{"class":111},[44,128612,115],{"class":58},[44,128614,273],{"class":272},[44,128616,22028],{"class":276},[44,128618,273],{"class":272},[44,128620,5315],{"class":58},[44,128622,128209],{"class":140},[20,128624,89676,128625,8402,128627,2837,128629,108],{},[15,128626,124116],{},[15,128628,3565],{},[15,128630,3633],{},[20,128632,128633],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128635,582,128636,398,128638],{"id":65172},[15,128637,36025],{},[15,128639,52608],{},[20,128641,144,128642,128644],{},[15,128643,36025],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128646,144,128647,128649],{},[15,128648,52608],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128651,1938,128652,75228,128654,128656],{},[15,128653,52608],{},[214,128655,64835],{}," in the search.",[35,128658,128660],{"className":37,"code":128659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128661,128662,128675,128679,128703,128732,128764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128663,128664,128666,128668,128670,128673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128665,34638],{"class":50},[44,128667,55],{"class":54},[44,128669,284],{"class":272},[44,128671,128672],{"class":276},"one two three two",[44,128674,3318],{"class":272},[44,128676,128677],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128678,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128680,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128682,128],{"class":127},[44,128684,115],{"class":58},[44,128686,34659],{"class":111},[44,128688,108],{"class":58},[44,128690,128146],{"class":111},[44,128692,115],{"class":58},[44,128694,273],{"class":272},[44,128696,79037],{"class":276},[44,128698,273],{"class":272},[44,128700,5315],{"class":58},[44,128702,128440],{"class":140},[44,128704,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128706,128],{"class":127},[44,128708,115],{"class":58},[44,128710,34659],{"class":111},[44,128712,108],{"class":58},[44,128714,128146],{"class":111},[44,128716,115],{"class":58},[44,128718,273],{"class":272},[44,128720,79037],{"class":276},[44,128722,273],{"class":272},[44,128724,66],{"class":58},[44,128726,4557],{"class":62},[44,128728,5315],{"class":58},[44,128730,128731],{"class":140},"     # 14\n",[44,128733,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,128735,128],{"class":127},[44,128737,115],{"class":58},[44,128739,34659],{"class":111},[44,128741,108],{"class":58},[44,128743,128146],{"class":111},[44,128745,115],{"class":58},[44,128747,273],{"class":272},[44,128749,79037],{"class":276},[44,128751,273],{"class":272},[44,128753,66],{"class":58},[44,128755,3790],{"class":62},[44,128757,66],{"class":58},[44,128759,5945],{"class":62},[44,128761,5315],{"class":58},[44,128763,50886],{"class":140},[44,128765,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,128767,128],{"class":127},[44,128769,115],{"class":58},[44,128771,34659],{"class":111},[44,128773,108],{"class":58},[44,128775,128146],{"class":111},[44,128777,115],{"class":58},[44,128779,273],{"class":272},[44,128781,79037],{"class":276},[44,128783,273],{"class":272},[44,128785,66],{"class":58},[44,128787,3790],{"class":62},[44,128789,66],{"class":58},[44,128791,90],{"class":62},[44,128793,5315],{"class":58},[44,128795,128502],{"class":140},[20,128797,128798],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128800,128801,128802,55000,128806,108],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[394,128803,128805],{"href":128804},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[394,128807,128809,128811],{"href":128808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128810,60454],{}," string method",[30,128813,123768],{"id":123767},[20,128815,128816,123579],{},[15,128817,124116],{},[20,128819,127166,128820,398,128822,128824],{},[15,128821,90184],{},[15,128823,64300],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128826,128828],{"className":37,"code":128827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128829,128830,128843,128847,128871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128831,128832,128834,128836,128838,128841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128833,34638],{"class":50},[44,128835,55],{"class":54},[44,128837,284],{"class":272},[44,128839,128840],{"class":276},"Hello World",[44,128842,3318],{"class":272},[44,128844,128845],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128846,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128848,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128850,128],{"class":127},[44,128852,115],{"class":58},[44,128854,34659],{"class":111},[44,128856,108],{"class":58},[44,128858,128146],{"class":111},[44,128860,115],{"class":58},[44,128862,273],{"class":272},[44,128864,34818],{"class":276},[44,128866,273],{"class":272},[44,128868,5315],{"class":58},[44,128870,51197],{"class":140},[44,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128874,128],{"class":127},[44,128876,115],{"class":58},[44,128878,34659],{"class":111},[44,128880,108],{"class":58},[44,128882,128146],{"class":111},[44,128884,115],{"class":58},[44,128886,273],{"class":272},[44,128888,1262],{"class":276},[44,128890,273],{"class":272},[44,128892,5315],{"class":58},[44,128894,128502],{"class":140},[20,128896,128897],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128899,128901],{"className":37,"code":128900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128902,128903,128915,128919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128904,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128906,34638],{"class":50},[44,128908,55],{"class":54},[44,128910,284],{"class":272},[44,128912,128840],{"class":276},[44,128914,3318],{"class":272},[44,128916,128917],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,128918,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,128922,128],{"class":127},[44,128924,115],{"class":58},[44,128926,34659],{"class":111},[44,128928,108],{"class":58},[44,128930,8587],{"class":111},[44,128932,8584],{"class":58},[44,128934,128146],{"class":111},[44,128936,115],{"class":58},[44,128938,273],{"class":272},[44,128940,1262],{"class":276},[44,128942,273],{"class":272},[44,128944,5315],{"class":58},[44,128946,51197],{"class":140},[30,128948,128950,408,128952],{"id":128949},"find-vs-index",[15,128951,124116],{},[15,128953,58891],{},[20,128955,128956,398,128958,128960],{},[15,128957,124116],{},[15,128959,58891],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[161,128962,128963,128969],{},[164,128964,128965,877,128967],{},[15,128966,124116],{},[15,128968,65620],{},[164,128970,128971,52444,128973],{},[15,128972,58891],{},[15,128974,40655],{},[20,128976,144,128977,128979],{},[15,128978,124116],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128981,144,128982,128984],{},[15,128983,58891],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128986,128988],{"className":37,"code":128987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128989,128990,129002,129006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128991,128992,128994,128996,128998,129000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128993,34638],{"class":50},[44,128995,55],{"class":54},[44,128997,284],{"class":272},[44,128999,1262],{"class":276},[44,129001,3318],{"class":272},[44,129003,129004],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129005,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129007,129008,129010,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129009,128],{"class":127},[44,129011,115],{"class":58},[44,129013,34659],{"class":111},[44,129015,108],{"class":58},[44,129017,128146],{"class":111},[44,129019,115],{"class":58},[44,129021,273],{"class":272},[44,129023,2130],{"class":276},[44,129025,273],{"class":272},[44,129027,5315],{"class":58},[44,129029,129030],{"class":140},"   # -1\n",[35,129032,129034],{"className":37,"code":129033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129035,129036,129048,129052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129037,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129039,34638],{"class":50},[44,129041,55],{"class":54},[44,129043,284],{"class":272},[44,129045,1262],{"class":276},[44,129047,3318],{"class":272},[44,129049,129050],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129051,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129053,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129055,128],{"class":127},[44,129057,115],{"class":58},[44,129059,34659],{"class":111},[44,129061,108],{"class":58},[44,129063,35798],{"class":111},[44,129065,115],{"class":58},[44,129067,273],{"class":272},[44,129069,2130],{"class":276},[44,129071,273],{"class":272},[44,129073,5315],{"class":58},[44,129075,129076],{"class":140},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129078,129079,129080,129084,129085,129087,129088,108],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[394,129081,129082,128811],{"href":124141},[15,129083,58891],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129086,58891],{},", read ",[394,129089,25630,129090],{"href":73248},[15,129091,129092],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,129094,40997],{"id":40996},[20,129096,35357,129097,129099],{},[15,129098,124116],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[161,129101,129102,129105,129108,129111],{},[164,129103,129104],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[164,129106,129107],{},"Get the position of a word",[164,129109,129110],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[164,129112,129113],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129115,129116],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,129118,129120],{"className":37,"code":129119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129121,129122,129135,129158,129162,129177,129193,129212,129226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129123,129124,129126,129128,129130,129133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129125,34638],{"class":50},[44,129127,55],{"class":54},[44,129129,284],{"class":272},[44,129131,129132],{"class":276},"name:Alice",[44,129134,3318],{"class":272},[44,129136,129137,129140,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154,129156],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129138,129139],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129141,55],{"class":54},[44,129143,42793],{"class":50},[44,129145,108],{"class":58},[44,129147,128146],{"class":111},[44,129149,115],{"class":58},[44,129151,273],{"class":272},[44,129153,159],{"class":276},[44,129155,273],{"class":272},[44,129157,121],{"class":58},[44,129159,129160],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129161,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129163,129164,129166,129169,129171,129173,129175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129165,6944],{"class":3832},[44,129167,129168],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129170,72358],{"class":54},[44,129172,2179],{"class":54},[44,129174,63],{"class":62},[44,129176,6344],{"class":58},[44,129178,129179,129182,129184,129186,129188,129191],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129180,129181],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129183,55],{"class":54},[44,129185,42793],{"class":50},[44,129187,75301],{"class":58},[44,129189,129190],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129192,72],{"class":58},[44,129194,129195,129197,129199,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,129196,27352],{"class":50},[44,129198,55],{"class":54},[44,129200,42793],{"class":50},[44,129202,3856],{"class":58},[44,129204,129139],{"class":50},[44,129206,2017],{"class":54},[44,129208,5450],{"class":62},[44,129210,129211],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,129213,129214,129216,129218,129221,129223],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,129215,8017],{"class":127},[44,129217,115],{"class":58},[44,129219,129220],{"class":111},"label",[44,129222,1476],{"class":58},[44,129224,129225],{"class":140},"  # name\n",[44,129227,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,129229,8017],{"class":127},[44,129231,115],{"class":58},[44,129233,2429],{"class":111},[44,129235,1476],{"class":58},[44,129237,129238],{"class":140},"  # Alice\n",[20,129240,129241,129242,108],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[394,129243,127157],{"href":123376},[30,129245,2788],{"id":2787},[20,129247,129248,129249,159],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129250,124116],{},[161,129252,129253,129262,129268,129273,129279],{},[164,129254,8399,129255,8402,129257,2837,129259,129261],{},[15,129256,124116],{},[15,129258,3565],{},[15,129260,3633],{}," instead of an index",[164,129263,129264,129265,129267],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129266,65620],{}," when the substring is missing",[164,129269,582,129270,129272],{},[15,129271,124116],{}," without handling case differences",[164,129274,37154,129275,8652,129277],{},[15,129276,124116],{},[15,129278,58891],{},[164,129280,4531,129281,129283],{},[15,129282,124116],{}," changes the string",[20,129285,129286],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129288,129290],{"className":37,"code":129289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129291,129292,129304,129308,129328,129343,129349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129293,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129295,34638],{"class":50},[44,129297,55],{"class":54},[44,129299,284],{"class":272},[44,129301,1262],{"class":276},[44,129303,3318],{"class":272},[44,129305,129306],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129307,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129309,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129311,6944],{"class":3832},[44,129313,42793],{"class":50},[44,129315,108],{"class":58},[44,129317,128146],{"class":111},[44,129319,115],{"class":58},[44,129321,273],{"class":272},[44,129323,60361],{"class":276},[44,129325,273],{"class":272},[44,129327,8288],{"class":58},[44,129329,129330,129332,129334,129336,129339,129341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129331,8017],{"class":127},[44,129333,115],{"class":58},[44,129335,273],{"class":272},[44,129337,129338],{"class":276},"Found",[44,129340,273],{"class":272},[44,129342,121],{"class":58},[44,129344,129345,129347],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129346,27385],{"class":3832},[44,129348,6344],{"class":58},[44,129350,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,129352,8017],{"class":127},[44,129354,115],{"class":58},[44,129356,273],{"class":272},[44,129358,26266],{"class":276},[44,129360,273],{"class":272},[44,129362,121],{"class":58},[20,129364,99682],{},[35,129366,129368],{"className":37,"code":129367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129369,129370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129371,129372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129373,129367],{"class":50},[20,129375,45654,129376,129379,129380,802,129382,129384,129385,129387],{},[15,129377,129378],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129381,746],{},[15,129383,746],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129386,6944],{}," statement.",[20,129389,129390],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129392,129394],{"className":37,"code":129393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129395,129396,129408,129412,129441,129455,129461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129397,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129399,34638],{"class":50},[44,129401,55],{"class":54},[44,129403,284],{"class":272},[44,129405,1262],{"class":276},[44,129407,3318],{"class":272},[44,129409,129410],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129411,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129413,129414,129416,129418,129420,129422,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129435,129437,129439],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129415,6944],{"class":3832},[44,129417,42793],{"class":50},[44,129419,108],{"class":58},[44,129421,128146],{"class":111},[44,129423,115],{"class":58},[44,129425,273],{"class":272},[44,129427,60361],{"class":276},[44,129429,273],{"class":272},[44,129431,1476],{"class":58},[44,129433,129434],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129436,2179],{"class":54},[44,129438,63],{"class":62},[44,129440,6344],{"class":58},[44,129442,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129444,8017],{"class":127},[44,129446,115],{"class":58},[44,129448,273],{"class":272},[44,129450,129338],{"class":276},[44,129452,273],{"class":272},[44,129454,121],{"class":58},[44,129456,129457,129459],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129458,27385],{"class":3832},[44,129460,6344],{"class":58},[44,129462,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,129464,8017],{"class":127},[44,129466,115],{"class":58},[44,129468,273],{"class":272},[44,129470,26266],{"class":276},[44,129472,273],{"class":272},[44,129474,121],{"class":58},[20,129476,129477],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129479,129481],{"className":37,"code":129480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129482,129483,129505,129519,129545,129559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129484,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495,129497,129499,129501,129503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129486,128],{"class":127},[44,129488,115],{"class":58},[44,129490,34659],{"class":111},[44,129492,108],{"class":58},[44,129494,128146],{"class":111},[44,129496,115],{"class":58},[44,129498,3259],{"class":272},[44,129500,38342],{"class":276},[44,129502,3259],{"class":272},[44,129504,637],{"class":58},[44,129506,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515,129517],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129508,128],{"class":127},[44,129510,115],{"class":58},[44,129512,41731],{"class":127},[44,129514,115],{"class":58},[44,129516,34659],{"class":111},[44,129518,637],{"class":58},[44,129520,129521,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129522,128],{"class":127},[44,129524,115],{"class":58},[44,129526,34659],{"class":111},[44,129528,108],{"class":58},[44,129530,8587],{"class":111},[44,129532,8584],{"class":58},[44,129534,128146],{"class":111},[44,129536,115],{"class":58},[44,129538,3259],{"class":272},[44,129540,38342],{"class":276},[44,129542,3259],{"class":272},[44,129544,637],{"class":58},[44,129546,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555,129557],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129548,128],{"class":127},[44,129550,115],{"class":58},[44,129552,11112],{"class":127},[44,129554,115],{"class":58},[44,129556,34659],{"class":111},[44,129558,637],{"class":58},[44,129560,129561,129563,129565,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583,129585,129587],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129562,128],{"class":127},[44,129564,115],{"class":58},[44,129566,34659],{"class":111},[44,129568,108],{"class":58},[44,129570,128146],{"class":111},[44,129572,115],{"class":58},[44,129574,3259],{"class":272},[44,129576,38342],{"class":276},[44,129578,3259],{"class":272},[44,129580,66],{"class":58},[44,129582,36004],{"class":111},[44,129584,66],{"class":58},[44,129586,64806],{"class":111},[44,129588,637],{"class":58},[20,129590,129591],{},"These help you check:",[161,129593,129594,129599,129604,129609,129612],{},[164,129595,129596,129597],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129598,124116],{},[164,129600,129601,129602],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129603,122335],{},[164,129605,129606,129607],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129608,123851],{},[164,129610,129611],{},"The string length",[164,129613,129614,129615,398,129617,129619],{},"Whether your ",[15,129616,36025],{},[15,129618,52608],{}," values are correct",[30,129621,1757],{"id":1756},[420,129623,129625,129626,129628],{"id":129624},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129627,124116],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129630,5102,129631,108],{},[15,129632,65620],{},[420,129634,1761,129636,129638],{"id":129635},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129637,124116],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129640,129641],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[420,129643,129645,129646,124457],{"id":129644},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129647,124116],{},[20,129649,129650],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[420,129652,1773,129654,398,129656,69421],{"id":129653},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129655,124116],{},[15,129657,58891],{},[20,129659,129660,877,129662,129664,129665,52444,129667,108],{},[15,129661,124116],{},[15,129663,65620],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129666,58891],{},[15,129668,40655],{},[420,129670,1790,129672,129674],{"id":129671},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129673,124116],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129676,129677,129678,398,129680,65919],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129679,36025],{},[15,129681,52608],{},[30,129683,1821],{"id":1820},[161,129685,129686,129692,129698,129705,129711,129718,129722,129727],{},[164,129687,129688],{},[394,129689,126121,129690,574],{"href":124141},[15,129691,58891],{},[164,129693,129694],{},[394,129695,126121,129696,574],{"href":128808},[15,129697,60454],{},[164,129699,129700],{},[394,129701,126121,129703,574],{"href":129702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129704,124292],{},[164,129706,129707],{},[394,129708,126121,129709,574],{"href":127486},[15,129710,127489],{},[164,129712,129713],{},[394,129714,126121,129716,574],{"href":129715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129717,126179],{},[164,129719,129720],{},[394,129721,124520],{"href":123376},[164,129723,129724],{},[394,129725,129726],{"href":128804},"How to split a string in Python",[164,129728,129729],{},[394,129730,26073,129731],{"href":73248},[15,129732,129092],{},[1872,129734,129735],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":129737},[129738,129740,129743,129744,129745,129746,129748,129749,129750,129762],{"id":128222,"depth":75,"text":129739},"What find() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":129741},[129742],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":37970,"depth":75,"text":37971},{"id":65172,"depth":75,"text":65955},{"id":123767,"depth":75,"text":123768},{"id":128949,"depth":75,"text":129747},"find() vs index()",{"id":40996,"depth":75,"text":40997},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":129751},[129752,129754,129756,129758,129760],{"id":129624,"depth":95,"text":129753},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129635,"depth":95,"text":129755},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129644,"depth":95,"text":129757},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129653,"depth":95,"text":129759},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129671,"depth":95,"text":129761},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128094,"description":129763},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129770,"title":129771,"body":129772,"description":131698,"extension":1921,"meta":131699,"navigation":98,"path":131700,"seo":131701,"stem":131702,"__hash__":131703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129773,"toc":131666},[129774,129779,129784,129787,129789,129865,129869,129897,129905,129909,129914,129918,129935,129937,130004,130008,130030,130038,130040,130043,130067,130070,130084,130086,130171,130175,130187,130190,130194,130200,130250,130254,130271,130280,130283,130291,130294,130343,130347,130372,130375,130430,130434,130446,130452,130456,130462,130467,130534,130538,130564,130567,130578,130580,130647,130651,130676,130683,130687,130692,130699,130707,130709,130761,130765,130783,130785,130830,130834,130849,130852,130862,130869,130871,130875,130878,130889,130891,130951,130955,130983,130986,130992,130997,131000,131004,131048,131051,131089,131092,131100,131102,131107,131111,131114,131162,131165,131168,131224,131228,131233,131236,131285,131287,131336,131342,131347,131349,131396,131400,131413,131415,131466,131472,131475,131479,131482,131488,131493,131495,131498,131570,131573,131590,131592,131597,131600,131604,131610,131616,131623,131629,131635,131637,131663],[10,129775,123121,129777,18],{"id":129776},"python-string-format-method",[15,129778,126124],{},[20,129780,123126,129781,129783],{},[15,129782,126124],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129785,129786],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129788,33],{"id":32},[35,129790,129792],{"className":37,"code":129791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129793,129794,129806,129814,129818,129855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129795,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129797,7824],{"class":50},[44,129799,55],{"class":54},[44,129801,284],{"class":272},[44,129803,11459],{"class":276},[44,129805,3318],{"class":272},[44,129807,129808,129810,129812],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129809,21579],{"class":50},[44,129811,55],{"class":54},[44,129813,88565],{"class":62},[44,129815,129816],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129817,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129819,129820,129822,129824,129826,129829,129831,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129845,129847,129849,129851,129853],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129821,89773],{"class":50},[44,129823,55],{"class":54},[44,129825,284],{"class":272},[44,129827,129828],{"class":276},"My name is ",[44,129830,3749],{"class":62},[44,129832,129833],{"class":276}," and I am ",[44,129835,3749],{"class":62},[44,129837,122117],{"class":276},[44,129839,273],{"class":272},[44,129841,108],{"class":58},[44,129843,129844],{"class":111},"format",[44,129846,115],{"class":58},[44,129848,7616],{"class":111},[44,129850,66],{"class":58},[44,129852,9137],{"class":111},[44,129854,121],{"class":58},[44,129856,129857,129859,129861,129863],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129858,128],{"class":127},[44,129860,115],{"class":58},[44,129862,89790],{"class":111},[44,129864,121],{"class":58},[20,129866,129867],{},[214,129868,2028],{},[35,129870,129872],{"className":37,"code":129871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129873,129874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129875,129876,129879,129881,129884,129887,129890,129893,129895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129877,129878],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129880,12144],{"class":54},[44,129882,129883],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129885,129886],{"class":54},"and",[44,129888,129889],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129891,129892],{"class":62},"12",[44,129894,122150],{"class":50},[44,129896,122153],{"class":58},[20,129898,144,129899,129901,129902,129904],{},[15,129900,3749],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129903,126124],{}," in the same order.",[20,129906,124873,129907,108],{},[394,129908,124876],{"href":50926},[30,129910,12946,129912,12949],{"id":129911},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129913,126124],{},[20,129915,1938,129916,11363],{},[15,129917,126124],{},[161,129919,129920,129923,129929,129932],{},[164,129921,129922],{},"inserts values into a string",[164,129924,129925,129926,129928],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129927,3749],{}," with given values",[164,129930,129931],{},"returns a new string",[164,129933,129934],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129936,2164],{},[35,129938,129940],{"className":37,"code":129939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129941,129942,129956,129979,129983,129994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129943,129944,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129945,34638],{"class":50},[44,129947,55],{"class":54},[44,129949,284],{"class":272},[44,129951,44852],{"class":276},[44,129953,3749],{"class":62},[44,129955,3318],{"class":272},[44,129957,129958,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129977],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,129959,129960],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129962,55],{"class":54},[44,129964,42793],{"class":50},[44,129966,108],{"class":58},[44,129968,129844],{"class":111},[44,129970,115],{"class":58},[44,129972,273],{"class":272},[44,129974,7625],{"class":276},[44,129976,273],{"class":272},[44,129978,121],{"class":58},[44,129980,129981],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,129982,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,129984,129985,129987,129989,129992],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129986,128],{"class":127},[44,129988,115],{"class":58},[44,129990,129991],{"class":111},"new_text",[44,129993,121],{"class":58},[44,129995,129996,129998,130000,130002],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,129997,128],{"class":127},[44,129999,115],{"class":58},[44,130001,34659],{"class":111},[44,130003,121],{"class":58},[20,130005,130006],{},[214,130007,2028],{},[35,130009,130011],{"className":37,"code":130010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130012,130013,130022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130014,130015,130017,130019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130016,34818],{"class":50},[44,130018,66],{"class":58},[44,130020,130021],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,130023,130024,130026,130028],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130025,34818],{"class":50},[44,130027,66],{"class":58},[44,130029,9788],{"class":58},[20,130031,2242,130032,130034,130035,130037],{},[15,130033,34659],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130036,126124],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,130039,188],{"id":187},[20,130041,130042],{},"The general form is:",[35,130044,130046],{"className":37,"code":130045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130047,130048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130049,130050,130052,130055,130057,130059,130061,130063,130065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130051,273],{"class":43280},[44,130053,130054],{"class":43284},"text {}",[44,130056,273],{"class":43280},[44,130058,108],{"class":58},[44,130060,129844],{"class":111},[44,130062,115],{"class":58},[44,130064,2429],{"class":111},[44,130066,121],{"class":58},[20,130068,130069],{},"Key idea:",[161,130071,130072,130078,130081],{},[164,130073,130074,130075,130077],{},"each ",[15,130076,3749],{}," is a placeholder",[164,130079,130080],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[164,130082,130083],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130085,2164],{},[35,130087,130089],{"className":37,"code":130088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130090,130091,130104,130118,130122,130160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130092,130093,130096,130098,130100,130102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130094,130095],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,130097,55],{"class":54},[44,130099,284],{"class":272},[44,130101,36997],{"class":276},[44,130103,3318],{"class":272},[44,130105,130106,130109,130111,130113,130116],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130107,130108],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,130110,55],{"class":54},[44,130112,284],{"class":272},[44,130114,130115],{"class":276},"meow",[44,130117,3318],{"class":272},[44,130119,130120],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,130121,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,130123,130124,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135,130138,130140,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130153,130155,130158],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130125,130126],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,130128,55],{"class":54},[44,130130,284],{"class":272},[44,130132,1938],{"class":276},[44,130134,3749],{"class":62},[44,130136,130137],{"class":276}," says ",[44,130139,3749],{"class":62},[44,130141,108],{"class":276},[44,130143,273],{"class":272},[44,130145,108],{"class":58},[44,130147,129844],{"class":111},[44,130149,115],{"class":58},[44,130151,130152],{"class":111},"animal",[44,130154,66],{"class":58},[44,130156,130157],{"class":111}," sound",[44,130159,121],{"class":58},[44,130161,130162,130164,130166,130169],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,130163,128],{"class":127},[44,130165,115],{"class":58},[44,130167,130168],{"class":111},"sentence",[44,130170,121],{"class":58},[20,130172,130173],{},[214,130174,2028],{},[35,130176,130178],{"className":37,"code":130177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130179,130180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130181,130182,130185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130183,130184],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130186,122153],{"class":58},[20,130188,130189],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130191,130193],{"id":130192},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130195,130196,130197,130199],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130198,3749],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130201,130203],{"className":37,"code":130202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130204,130205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130206,130207,130209,130211,130213,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234,130237,130239,130241,130243,130246,130248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130208,128],{"class":127},[44,130210,115],{"class":58},[44,130212,273],{"class":272},[44,130214,130215],{"class":276},"I like ",[44,130217,3749],{"class":62},[44,130219,398],{"class":276},[44,130221,3749],{"class":62},[44,130223,108],{"class":276},[44,130225,273],{"class":272},[44,130227,108],{"class":58},[44,130229,129844],{"class":111},[44,130231,115],{"class":58},[44,130233,273],{"class":272},[44,130235,130236],{"class":276},"pizza",[44,130238,273],{"class":272},[44,130240,66],{"class":58},[44,130242,284],{"class":272},[44,130244,130245],{"class":276},"pasta",[44,130247,273],{"class":272},[44,130249,637],{"class":58},[20,130251,130252],{},[214,130253,2028],{},[35,130255,130257],{"className":37,"code":130256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130258,130259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130260,130261,130264,130266,130269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130262,130263],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130265,129886],{"class":54},[44,130267,130268],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130270,122153],{"class":58},[20,130272,130273,130274,398,130277,108],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130275,130276],{},"{0}",[15,130278,130279],{},"{1}",[20,130281,130282],{},"This is helpful when:",[161,130284,130285,130288],{},[164,130286,130287],{},"you want to reuse a value",[164,130289,130290],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130292,130293],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130295,130297],{"className":37,"code":130296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130298,130299,130333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130300,130301,130303,130305,130307,130309,130312,130314,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130302,34638],{"class":50},[44,130304,55],{"class":54},[44,130306,284],{"class":272},[44,130308,130276],{"class":62},[44,130310,130311],{"class":276}," is learning Python. ",[44,130313,130276],{"class":62},[44,130315,130316],{"class":276}," likes coding.",[44,130318,273],{"class":272},[44,130320,108],{"class":58},[44,130322,129844],{"class":111},[44,130324,115],{"class":58},[44,130326,273],{"class":272},[44,130328,19832],{"class":276},[44,130330,273],{"class":272},[44,130332,121],{"class":58},[44,130334,130335,130337,130339,130341],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130336,128],{"class":127},[44,130338,115],{"class":58},[44,130340,34659],{"class":111},[44,130342,121],{"class":58},[20,130344,130345],{},[214,130346,2028],{},[35,130348,130350],{"className":37,"code":130349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130351,130352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130353,130354,130357,130359,130362,130364,130367,130370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130355,130356],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130358,12144],{"class":54},[44,130360,130361],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130363,108],{"class":58},[44,130365,130366],{"class":1492}," Lina",[44,130368,130369],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130371,122153],{"class":58},[20,130373,130374],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130376,130378],{"className":37,"code":130377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130379,130380,130420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130381,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130404,130406,130408,130410,130412,130414,130416,130418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130383,34638],{"class":50},[44,130385,55],{"class":54},[44,130387,284],{"class":272},[44,130389,130279],{"class":62},[44,130391,83092],{"class":276},[44,130393,130276],{"class":62},[44,130395,108],{"class":276},[44,130397,273],{"class":272},[44,130399,108],{"class":58},[44,130401,129844],{"class":111},[44,130403,115],{"class":58},[44,130405,273],{"class":272},[44,130407,6532],{"class":276},[44,130409,273],{"class":272},[44,130411,66],{"class":58},[44,130413,284],{"class":272},[44,130415,79037],{"class":276},[44,130417,273],{"class":272},[44,130419,121],{"class":58},[44,130421,130422,130424,130426,130428],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130423,128],{"class":127},[44,130425,115],{"class":58},[44,130427,34659],{"class":111},[44,130429,121],{"class":58},[20,130431,130432],{},[214,130433,2028],{},[35,130435,130437],{"className":37,"code":130436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130438,130439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130440,130441,130444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130442,130443],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130445,122153],{"class":58},[20,130447,130448,130449,130451],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130450,3749],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130453,130455],{"id":130454},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130457,130458,130459,108],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130460,130461],{},"{name}",[20,130463,130464,130465,159],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130466,126124],{},[35,130468,130470],{"className":37,"code":130469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130471,130472,130524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130473,130474,130476,130478,130480,130482,130484,130487,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130475,34638],{"class":50},[44,130477,55],{"class":54},[44,130479,284],{"class":272},[44,130481,129828],{"class":276},[44,130483,130461],{"class":62},[44,130485,130486],{"class":276}," and I live in ",[44,130488,130489],{"class":62},"{city}",[44,130491,108],{"class":276},[44,130493,273],{"class":272},[44,130495,108],{"class":58},[44,130497,129844],{"class":111},[44,130499,115],{"class":58},[44,130501,7616],{"class":9124},[44,130503,55],{"class":54},[44,130505,273],{"class":272},[44,130507,12830],{"class":276},[44,130509,273],{"class":272},[44,130511,66],{"class":58},[44,130513,31336],{"class":9124},[44,130515,55],{"class":54},[44,130517,273],{"class":272},[44,130519,15980],{"class":276},[44,130521,273],{"class":272},[44,130523,121],{"class":58},[44,130525,130526,130528,130530,130532],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130527,128],{"class":127},[44,130529,115],{"class":58},[44,130531,34659],{"class":111},[44,130533,121],{"class":58},[20,130535,130536],{},[214,130537,2028],{},[35,130539,130541],{"className":37,"code":130540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130542,130543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130544,130545,130547,130549,130552,130554,130557,130559,130562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130546,129878],{"class":50},[44,130548,12144],{"class":54},[44,130550,130551],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130553,129886],{"class":54},[44,130555,130556],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130558,3839],{"class":54},[44,130560,130561],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130563,122153],{"class":58},[20,130565,130566],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[161,130568,130569,130572,130575],{},[164,130570,130571],{},"they make code easier to read",[164,130573,130574],{},"they help when a string has many values",[164,130576,130577],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130579,2164],{},[35,130581,130583],{"className":37,"code":130582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130584,130585,130637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130586,130587,130590,130592,130594,130597,130600,130603,130606,130608,130610,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130623,130625,130627,130630,130632,130635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130588,130589],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130591,55],{"class":54},[44,130593,284],{"class":272},[44,130595,130596],{"class":276},"Student: ",[44,130598,130599],{"class":62},"{student}",[44,130601,130602],{"class":276},", Score: ",[44,130604,130605],{"class":62},"{score}",[44,130607,273],{"class":272},[44,130609,108],{"class":58},[44,130611,129844],{"class":111},[44,130613,115],{"class":58},[44,130615,13574],{"class":9124},[44,130617,55],{"class":54},[44,130619,273],{"class":272},[44,130621,130622],{"class":276},"Noah",[44,130624,273],{"class":272},[44,130626,66],{"class":58},[44,130628,130629],{"class":9124}," score",[44,130631,55],{"class":54},[44,130633,130634],{"class":62},"95",[44,130636,121],{"class":58},[44,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130640,128],{"class":127},[44,130642,115],{"class":58},[44,130644,127834],{"class":111},[44,130646,121],{"class":58},[20,130648,130649],{},[214,130650,2028],{},[35,130652,130654],{"className":37,"code":130653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130655,130656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130657,130658,130661,130663,130666,130668,130671,130673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130659,130660],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130662,159],{"class":58},[44,130664,130665],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130667,66],{"class":58},[44,130669,130670],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130672,159],{"class":58},[44,130674,130675],{"class":62}," 95\n",[20,130677,130678,130679,108],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[394,130680,3536,130681,3469],{"href":42126},[15,130682,47635],{},[30,130684,130686],{"id":130685},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130688,130689,130691],{},[15,130690,126124],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130693,130694,130695,130698],{},"A common example is ",[15,130696,130697],{},":.2f",", which means:",[161,130700,130701,130704],{},[164,130702,130703],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[164,130705,130706],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130708,2164],{},[35,130710,130712],{"className":37,"code":130711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130713,130714,130722,130751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130715,130716,130718,130720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130717,40338],{"class":50},[44,130719,55],{"class":54},[44,130721,49226],{"class":62},[44,130723,130724,130726,130728,130730,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130725,34638],{"class":50},[44,130727,55],{"class":54},[44,130729,284],{"class":272},[44,130731,130732],{"class":276},"Price: $",[44,130734,9227],{"class":62},[44,130736,130697],{"class":2022},[44,130738,22254],{"class":62},[44,130740,273],{"class":272},[44,130742,108],{"class":58},[44,130744,129844],{"class":111},[44,130746,115],{"class":58},[44,130748,25100],{"class":111},[44,130750,121],{"class":58},[44,130752,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,130754,128],{"class":127},[44,130756,115],{"class":58},[44,130758,34659],{"class":111},[44,130760,121],{"class":58},[20,130762,130763],{},[214,130764,2028],{},[35,130766,130768],{"className":37,"code":130767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130769,130770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130771,130772,130775,130777,130780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130773,130774],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130776,159],{"class":58},[44,130778,130779],{"class":37317}," $",[44,130781,130782],{"class":62},"3.50\n",[20,130784,52029],{},[35,130786,130788],{"className":37,"code":130787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130789,130790,130800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130791,130792,130795,130797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130793,130794],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130796,55],{"class":54},[44,130798,130799],{"class":62}," 91.236\n",[44,130801,130802,130804,130806,130808,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130825,130828],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130803,128],{"class":127},[44,130805,115],{"class":58},[44,130807,273],{"class":272},[44,130809,130810],{"class":276},"Average: ",[44,130812,9227],{"class":62},[44,130814,130697],{"class":2022},[44,130816,22254],{"class":62},[44,130818,273],{"class":272},[44,130820,108],{"class":58},[44,130822,129844],{"class":111},[44,130824,115],{"class":58},[44,130826,130827],{"class":111},"average",[44,130829,637],{"class":58},[20,130831,130832],{},[214,130833,2028],{},[35,130835,130837],{"className":37,"code":130836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130838,130839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130840,130841,130844,130846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130842,130843],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130845,159],{"class":58},[44,130847,130848],{"class":62}," 91.24\n",[20,130850,130851],{},"This is useful for:",[161,130853,130854,130856,130859],{},[164,130855,82850],{},[164,130857,130858],{},"averages",[164,130860,130861],{},"percentages",[20,130863,130864,130865,108],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[394,130866,3536,130867,2259],{"href":46400},[15,130868,46403],{},[30,130870,17368],{"id":17367},[20,130872,130873,92287],{},[15,130874,126124],{},[20,130876,130877],{},"That means you can:",[161,130879,130880,130883,130886],{},[164,130881,130882],{},"save it in a variable",[164,130884,130885],{},"print it directly",[164,130887,130888],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130890,2164],{},[35,130892,130894],{"className":37,"code":130893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130895,130896,130927,130937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130897,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130923,130925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130899,89773],{"class":50},[44,130901,55],{"class":54},[44,130903,284],{"class":272},[44,130905,44852],{"class":276},[44,130907,3749],{"class":62},[44,130909,89614],{"class":276},[44,130911,273],{"class":272},[44,130913,108],{"class":58},[44,130915,129844],{"class":111},[44,130917,115],{"class":58},[44,130919,273],{"class":272},[44,130921,130922],{"class":276},"Chris",[44,130924,273],{"class":272},[44,130926,121],{"class":58},[44,130928,130929,130931,130933,130935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130930,128],{"class":127},[44,130932,115],{"class":58},[44,130934,89790],{"class":111},[44,130936,121],{"class":58},[44,130938,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,130940,128],{"class":127},[44,130942,115],{"class":58},[44,130944,1459],{"class":1458},[44,130946,115],{"class":58},[44,130948,89790],{"class":111},[44,130950,637],{"class":58},[20,130952,130953],{},[214,130954,2028],{},[35,130956,130958],{"className":37,"code":130957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130959,130960,130969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130961,130962,130964,130966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130963,34818],{"class":50},[44,130965,66],{"class":58},[44,130967,130968],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130970,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130981],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,130972,3248],{"class":54},[44,130974,3251],{"class":2022},[44,130976,3254],{"class":272},[44,130978,3403],{"class":276},[44,130980,3259],{"class":272},[44,130982,3262],{"class":54},[20,130984,130985],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,130987,130989,130991],{"id":130988},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130990,126124],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130993,130994,130996],{},[15,130995,126124],{}," is a string method.",[20,130998,130999],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131001,45991,131002,159],{},[15,131003,126124],{},[35,131005,131007],{"className":37,"code":131006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131008,131009,131022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131010,131011,131013,131015,131017,131020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131012,7824],{"class":50},[44,131014,55],{"class":54},[44,131016,284],{"class":272},[44,131018,131019],{"class":276},"Rita",[44,131021,3318],{"class":272},[44,131023,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131025,128],{"class":127},[44,131027,115],{"class":58},[44,131029,273],{"class":272},[44,131031,44852],{"class":276},[44,131033,3749],{"class":62},[44,131035,89614],{"class":276},[44,131037,273],{"class":272},[44,131039,108],{"class":58},[44,131041,129844],{"class":111},[44,131043,115],{"class":58},[44,131045,7616],{"class":111},[44,131047,637],{"class":58},[20,131049,131050],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,131052,131054],{"className":37,"code":131053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131055,131056,131068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131057,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131059,7824],{"class":50},[44,131061,55],{"class":54},[44,131063,284],{"class":272},[44,131065,131019],{"class":276},[44,131067,3318],{"class":272},[44,131069,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131087],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131071,128],{"class":127},[44,131073,115],{"class":58},[44,131075,22245],{"class":2022},[44,131077,43298],{"class":276},[44,131079,9227],{"class":62},[44,131081,7616],{"class":111},[44,131083,22254],{"class":62},[44,131085,131086],{"class":276},"!\"",[44,131088,121],{"class":58},[20,131090,131091],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131093,131094,131095,131097,131098,108],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131096,126124],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[394,131099,89459],{"href":89458},[30,131101,2788],{"id":2787},[20,131103,131104,131105,108],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131106,126124],{},[420,131108,131110],{"id":131109},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131112,131113],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,131115,131117],{"className":37,"code":131116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131118,131119,131152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131120,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131122,34638],{"class":50},[44,131124,55],{"class":54},[44,131126,284],{"class":272},[44,131128,44852],{"class":276},[44,131130,3749],{"class":62},[44,131132,131133],{"class":62}," {}",[44,131135,89614],{"class":276},[44,131137,273],{"class":272},[44,131139,108],{"class":58},[44,131141,129844],{"class":111},[44,131143,115],{"class":58},[44,131145,273],{"class":272},[44,131147,7625],{"class":276},[44,131149,273],{"class":272},[44,131151,121],{"class":58},[44,131153,131154,131156,131158,131160],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131155,128],{"class":127},[44,131157,115],{"class":58},[44,131159,34659],{"class":111},[44,131161,121],{"class":58},[20,131163,131164],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131166,131167],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131169,131171],{"className":37,"code":131170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131172,131173,131214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131174,131175,131177,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207,131210,131212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131176,34638],{"class":50},[44,131178,55],{"class":54},[44,131180,284],{"class":272},[44,131182,44852],{"class":276},[44,131184,3749],{"class":62},[44,131186,131133],{"class":62},[44,131188,89614],{"class":276},[44,131190,273],{"class":272},[44,131192,108],{"class":58},[44,131194,129844],{"class":111},[44,131196,115],{"class":58},[44,131198,273],{"class":272},[44,131200,7625],{"class":276},[44,131202,273],{"class":272},[44,131204,66],{"class":58},[44,131206,284],{"class":272},[44,131208,131209],{"class":276},"Lee",[44,131211,273],{"class":272},[44,131213,121],{"class":58},[44,131215,131216,131218,131220,131222],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131217,128],{"class":127},[44,131219,115],{"class":58},[44,131221,34659],{"class":111},[44,131223,121],{"class":58},[420,131225,131227],{"id":131226},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131229,131230,131231,108],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131232,126124],{},[20,131234,131235],{},"Problem:",[35,131237,131239],{"className":37,"code":131238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131240,131241,131275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131242,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131244,34638],{"class":50},[44,131246,55],{"class":54},[44,131248,284],{"class":272},[44,131250,44852],{"class":276},[44,131252,130461],{"class":62},[44,131254,89614],{"class":276},[44,131256,273],{"class":272},[44,131258,108],{"class":58},[44,131260,129844],{"class":111},[44,131262,115],{"class":58},[44,131264,7933],{"class":9124},[44,131266,55],{"class":54},[44,131268,273],{"class":272},[44,131270,7625],{"class":276},[44,131272,273],{"class":272},[44,131274,121],{"class":58},[44,131276,131277,131279,131281,131283],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131278,128],{"class":127},[44,131280,115],{"class":58},[44,131282,34659],{"class":111},[44,131284,121],{"class":58},[20,131286,131167],{},[35,131288,131290],{"className":37,"code":131289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131291,131292,131326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131293,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131295,34638],{"class":50},[44,131297,55],{"class":54},[44,131299,284],{"class":272},[44,131301,44852],{"class":276},[44,131303,130461],{"class":62},[44,131305,89614],{"class":276},[44,131307,273],{"class":272},[44,131309,108],{"class":58},[44,131311,129844],{"class":111},[44,131313,115],{"class":58},[44,131315,7616],{"class":9124},[44,131317,55],{"class":54},[44,131319,273],{"class":272},[44,131321,7625],{"class":276},[44,131323,273],{"class":272},[44,131325,121],{"class":58},[44,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131329,128],{"class":127},[44,131331,115],{"class":58},[44,131333,34659],{"class":111},[44,131335,121],{"class":58},[420,131337,8399,131339,131341],{"id":131338},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131340,126124],{}," to change the original string",[20,131343,131344,131346],{},[15,131345,126124],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131348,131235],{},[35,131350,131352],{"className":37,"code":131351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131353,131354,131368,131386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131355,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131357,34638],{"class":50},[44,131359,55],{"class":54},[44,131361,284],{"class":272},[44,131363,44852],{"class":276},[44,131365,3749],{"class":62},[44,131367,3318],{"class":272},[44,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131371,34659],{"class":50},[44,131373,108],{"class":58},[44,131375,129844],{"class":111},[44,131377,115],{"class":58},[44,131379,273],{"class":272},[44,131381,7625],{"class":276},[44,131383,273],{"class":272},[44,131385,121],{"class":58},[44,131387,131388,131390,131392,131394],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131389,128],{"class":127},[44,131391,115],{"class":58},[44,131393,34659],{"class":111},[44,131395,121],{"class":58},[20,131397,131398],{},[214,131399,2028],{},[35,131401,131403],{"className":37,"code":131402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131404,131405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131406,131407,131409,131411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131408,34818],{"class":50},[44,131410,66],{"class":58},[44,131412,9788],{"class":58},[20,131414,131167],{},[35,131416,131418],{"className":37,"code":131417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131419,131420,131434,131456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131421,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131423,34638],{"class":50},[44,131425,55],{"class":54},[44,131427,284],{"class":272},[44,131429,44852],{"class":276},[44,131431,3749],{"class":62},[44,131433,3318],{"class":272},[44,131435,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450,131452,131454],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131437,34638],{"class":50},[44,131439,55],{"class":54},[44,131441,42793],{"class":50},[44,131443,108],{"class":58},[44,131445,129844],{"class":111},[44,131447,115],{"class":58},[44,131449,273],{"class":272},[44,131451,7625],{"class":276},[44,131453,273],{"class":272},[44,131455,121],{"class":58},[44,131457,131458,131460,131462,131464],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131459,128],{"class":127},[44,131461,115],{"class":58},[44,131463,34659],{"class":111},[44,131465,121],{"class":58},[420,131467,4657,131469,131471],{"id":131468},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131470,126124],{}," returns a new string",[20,131473,131474],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[420,131476,131478],{"id":131477},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131480,131481],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131483,131484,131485,131487],{},"Use simple ",[15,131486,3749],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131489,131490,131491,108],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[394,131492,90172],{"href":90171},[30,131494,67661],{"id":67660},[20,131496,131497],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131499,131501],{"className":37,"code":131500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131502,131503,131513,131527,131556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131504,131505,131507,131509,131511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131506,128],{"class":127},[44,131508,115],{"class":58},[44,131510,34659],{"class":111},[44,131512,121],{"class":58},[44,131514,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131516,128],{"class":127},[44,131518,115],{"class":58},[44,131520,1459],{"class":1458},[44,131522,115],{"class":58},[44,131524,2429],{"class":111},[44,131526,637],{"class":58},[44,131528,131529,131531,131533,131535,131538,131540,131542,131544,131546,131548,131550,131552,131554],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131530,128],{"class":127},[44,131532,115],{"class":58},[44,131534,273],{"class":272},[44,131536,131537],{"class":276},"Hello ",[44,131539,3749],{"class":62},[44,131541,273],{"class":272},[44,131543,108],{"class":58},[44,131545,129844],{"class":111},[44,131547,115],{"class":58},[44,131549,273],{"class":272},[44,131551,7625],{"class":276},[44,131553,273],{"class":272},[44,131555,637],{"class":58},[44,131557,131558,131560,131562,131564,131566,131568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131559,1483],{"class":127},[44,131561,115],{"class":58},[44,131563,3403],{"class":1458},[44,131565,108],{"class":58},[44,131567,129844],{"class":1492},[44,131569,121],{"class":58},[20,131571,131572],{},"Use them to check:",[161,131574,131575,131578,131581,131584],{},[164,131576,131577],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[164,131579,131580],{},"what type your value has",[164,131582,131583],{},"whether a small test example works",[164,131585,131586,131587],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131588,131589],{},"str.format",[30,131591,1757],{"id":1756},[420,131593,129625,131595,12666],{"id":131594},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131596,126124],{},[20,131598,131599],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[420,131601,131603],{"id":131602},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131605,131606,131607,131609],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131608,3749],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[420,131611,131613,131614,1778],{"id":131612},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131615,126124],{},[20,131617,131618,131619,131622],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131620,131621],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[420,131624,14851,131626,131628],{"id":131625},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131627,126124],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131630,131631,131632,131634],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131633,126124],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131636,1821],{"id":1820},[161,131638,131639,131643,131647,131653,131659],{},[164,131640,131641],{},[394,131642,124876],{"href":50926},[164,131644,131645],{},[394,131646,90449],{"href":89458},[164,131648,131649],{},[394,131650,3536,131651,3469],{"href":46400},[15,131652,46403],{},[164,131654,131655],{},[394,131656,3536,131657,3469],{"href":42126},[15,131658,47635],{},[164,131660,131661],{},[394,131662,90172],{"href":90171},[1872,131664,131665],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":131667},[131668,131669,131671,131672,131673,131674,131675,131676,131678,131687,131688,131697],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":129911,"depth":75,"text":131670},"What the format() method does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":130192,"depth":75,"text":130193},{"id":130454,"depth":75,"text":130455},{"id":130685,"depth":75,"text":130686},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":130988,"depth":75,"text":131677},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":131679},[131680,131681,131682,131684,131686],{"id":131109,"depth":95,"text":131110},{"id":131226,"depth":95,"text":131227},{"id":131338,"depth":95,"text":131683},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131468,"depth":95,"text":131685},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131477,"depth":95,"text":131478},{"id":67660,"depth":75,"text":67661},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":131689},[131690,131692,131693,131695],{"id":131594,"depth":95,"text":131691},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131602,"depth":95,"text":131603},{"id":131612,"depth":95,"text":131694},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131625,"depth":95,"text":131696},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129771,"description":131698},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131705,"title":131706,"body":131707,"description":133187,"extension":1921,"meta":133188,"navigation":98,"path":133189,"seo":133190,"stem":133191,"__hash__":133192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131708,"toc":133159},[131709,131714,131719,131724,131726,131788,131795,131801,131806,131808,131824,131826,131897,131899,131913,131916,131966,131968,131970,131997,132000,132015,132018,132059,132062,132107,132114,132163,132165,132173,132175,132193,132195,132288,132296,132337,132342,132349,132355,132362,132365,132369,132470,132472,132494,132498,132551,132554,132557,132563,132570,132572,132611,132613,132631,132641,132648,132731,132734,132741,132748,132755,132759,132767,132813,132817,132826,132891,132896,132901,132912,132914,132919,132946,132948,133051,133054,133074,133076,133081,133084,133088,133092,133099,133108,133114,133117,133123,133125,133127,133156],[10,131710,123121,131712,18],{"id":131711},"python-string-index-method",[15,131713,58891],{},[20,131715,123126,131716,131718],{},[15,131717,58891],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131720,131721,131722,108],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131723,40655],{},[30,131725,33],{"id":32},[35,131727,131729],{"className":37,"code":131728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131730,131731,131743,131765,131775,131779,131783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131732,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131734,34638],{"class":50},[44,131736,55],{"class":54},[44,131738,284],{"class":272},[44,131740,60329],{"class":276},[44,131742,3318],{"class":272},[44,131744,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131746,64685],{"class":50},[44,131748,55],{"class":54},[44,131750,42793],{"class":50},[44,131752,108],{"class":58},[44,131754,35798],{"class":111},[44,131756,115],{"class":58},[44,131758,273],{"class":272},[44,131760,1282],{"class":276},[44,131762,273],{"class":272},[44,131764,121],{"class":58},[44,131766,131767,131769,131771,131773],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131768,128],{"class":127},[44,131770,115],{"class":58},[44,131772,64712],{"class":111},[44,131774,121],{"class":58},[44,131776,131777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131778,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,131780,131781],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,131782,90590],{"class":140},[44,131784,131785],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,131786,131787],{"class":140},"# 6\n",[20,131789,144,131790,131792,131793,108],{},[15,131791,58891],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131794,40655],{},[30,131796,151,131798,154],{"id":131797},"what-strindex-does",[15,131799,131800],{},"str.index()",[20,131802,131803,131805],{},[15,131804,131800],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131807,13002],{},[161,131809,131810,131813,131816,131819],{},[164,131811,131812],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[164,131814,131815],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[164,131817,131818],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[164,131820,30245,131821,131823],{},[15,131822,40655],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131825,2164],{},[35,131827,131829],{"className":37,"code":131828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131830,131831,131843,131847,131872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131834,34638],{"class":50},[44,131836,55],{"class":54},[44,131838,284],{"class":272},[44,131840,287],{"class":276},[44,131842,3318],{"class":272},[44,131844,131845],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131846,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,131848,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131850,128],{"class":127},[44,131852,115],{"class":58},[44,131854,34659],{"class":111},[44,131856,108],{"class":58},[44,131858,35798],{"class":111},[44,131860,115],{"class":58},[44,131862,273],{"class":272},[44,131864,394],{"class":276},[44,131866,273],{"class":272},[44,131868,5315],{"class":58},[44,131870,131871],{"class":140},"     # 1\n",[44,131873,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890,131892,131894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131875,128],{"class":127},[44,131877,115],{"class":58},[44,131879,34659],{"class":111},[44,131881,108],{"class":58},[44,131883,35798],{"class":111},[44,131885,115],{"class":58},[44,131887,273],{"class":272},[44,131889,123214],{"class":276},[44,131891,273],{"class":272},[44,131893,5315],{"class":58},[44,131895,131896],{"class":140},"    # 2\n",[20,131898,2135],{},[161,131900,131901,131907],{},[164,131902,131903,128334,131905],{},[15,131904,18046],{},[15,131906,63],{},[164,131908,131909,128334,131911],{},[15,131910,128333],{},[15,131912,801],{},[20,131914,131915],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131917,131919],{"className":37,"code":131918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131920,131921,131933,131937,131961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131922,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131924,34638],{"class":50},[44,131926,55],{"class":54},[44,131928,284],{"class":272},[44,131930,34818],{"class":276},[44,131932,3318],{"class":272},[44,131934,131935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,131936,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,131938,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,131940,128],{"class":127},[44,131942,115],{"class":58},[44,131944,34659],{"class":111},[44,131946,108],{"class":58},[44,131948,35798],{"class":111},[44,131950,115],{"class":58},[44,131952,273],{"class":272},[44,131954,51141],{"class":276},[44,131956,273],{"class":272},[44,131958,5315],{"class":58},[44,131960,20718],{"class":140},[44,131962,131963],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131964,131965],{"class":140},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,131967,188],{"id":187},[20,131969,2116],{},[35,131971,131973],{"className":37,"code":131972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131974,131975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131976,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131978,241],{"class":50},[44,131980,108],{"class":58},[44,131982,35798],{"class":111},[44,131984,115],{"class":58},[44,131986,2429],{"class":111},[44,131988,66],{"class":58},[44,131990,36004],{"class":111},[44,131992,66],{"class":58},[44,131994,64806],{"class":111},[44,131996,121],{"class":58},[20,131998,131999],{},"Parameters:",[161,132001,132002,132006,132010],{},[164,132003,132004,123313],{},[15,132005,2429],{},[164,132007,132008,128380],{},[15,132009,36025],{},[164,132011,132012,132014],{},[15,132013,52608],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132016,132017],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,132019,132021],{"className":37,"code":132020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132022,132023,132035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132024,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132026,34638],{"class":50},[44,132028,55],{"class":54},[44,132030,284],{"class":272},[44,132032,39],{"class":276},[44,132034,3318],{"class":272},[44,132036,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132038,128],{"class":127},[44,132040,115],{"class":58},[44,132042,34659],{"class":111},[44,132044,108],{"class":58},[44,132046,35798],{"class":111},[44,132048,115],{"class":58},[44,132050,273],{"class":272},[44,132052,63052],{"class":276},[44,132054,273],{"class":272},[44,132056,5315],{"class":58},[44,132058,51365],{"class":140},[20,132060,132061],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,132063,132065],{"className":37,"code":132064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132066,132067,132079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132068,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132070,34638],{"class":50},[44,132072,55],{"class":54},[44,132074,284],{"class":272},[44,132076,287],{"class":276},[44,132078,3318],{"class":272},[44,132080,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132082,128],{"class":127},[44,132084,115],{"class":58},[44,132086,34659],{"class":111},[44,132088,108],{"class":58},[44,132090,35798],{"class":111},[44,132092,115],{"class":58},[44,132094,273],{"class":272},[44,132096,394],{"class":276},[44,132098,273],{"class":272},[44,132100,66],{"class":58},[44,132102,69],{"class":62},[44,132104,5315],{"class":58},[44,132106,50721],{"class":140},[20,132108,132109,132110,398,132112,159],{},"Or include both ",[15,132111,36025],{},[15,132113,52608],{},[35,132115,132117],{"className":37,"code":132116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132118,132119,132131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132120,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132122,34638],{"class":50},[44,132124,55],{"class":54},[44,132126,284],{"class":272},[44,132128,287],{"class":276},[44,132130,3318],{"class":272},[44,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132134,128],{"class":127},[44,132136,115],{"class":58},[44,132138,34659],{"class":111},[44,132140,108],{"class":58},[44,132142,35798],{"class":111},[44,132144,115],{"class":58},[44,132146,273],{"class":272},[44,132148,394],{"class":276},[44,132150,273],{"class":272},[44,132152,66],{"class":58},[44,132154,69],{"class":62},[44,132156,66],{"class":58},[44,132158,4557],{"class":62},[44,132160,5315],{"class":58},[44,132162,50721],{"class":140},[30,132164,37971],{"id":37970},[20,132166,28659,132167,132169,132170,108],{},[15,132168,58891],{}," is a ",[214,132171,132172],{},"zero-based index",[20,132174,2065],{},[161,132176,132177,132183,132188],{},[164,132178,132179,132180,132182],{},"Index ",[15,132181,746],{}," is the first character",[164,132184,132179,132185,132187],{},[15,132186,63],{}," is the second character",[164,132189,132179,132190,132192],{},[15,132191,801],{}," is the third character",[20,132194,2164],{},[35,132196,132198],{"className":37,"code":132197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132199,132200,132212,132216,132240,132264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132201,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132203,34638],{"class":50},[44,132205,55],{"class":54},[44,132207,284],{"class":272},[44,132209,36997],{"class":276},[44,132211,3318],{"class":272},[44,132213,132214],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132215,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236,132238],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132219,128],{"class":127},[44,132221,115],{"class":58},[44,132223,34659],{"class":111},[44,132225,108],{"class":58},[44,132227,35798],{"class":111},[44,132229,115],{"class":58},[44,132231,273],{"class":272},[44,132233,9689],{"class":276},[44,132235,273],{"class":272},[44,132237,5315],{"class":58},[44,132239,51197],{"class":140},[44,132241,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132243,128],{"class":127},[44,132245,115],{"class":58},[44,132247,34659],{"class":111},[44,132249,108],{"class":58},[44,132251,35798],{"class":111},[44,132253,115],{"class":58},[44,132255,273],{"class":272},[44,132257,394],{"class":276},[44,132259,273],{"class":272},[44,132261,5315],{"class":58},[44,132263,27731],{"class":140},[44,132265,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,132267,128],{"class":127},[44,132269,115],{"class":58},[44,132271,34659],{"class":111},[44,132273,108],{"class":58},[44,132275,35798],{"class":111},[44,132277,115],{"class":58},[44,132279,273],{"class":272},[44,132281,63052],{"class":276},[44,132283,273],{"class":272},[44,132285,5315],{"class":58},[44,132287,51365],{"class":140},[20,132289,132290,132292,132293,132295],{},[15,132291,58891],{}," returns only the ",[214,132294,29860],{}," matching position.",[35,132297,132299],{"className":37,"code":132298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132300,132301,132313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132302,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132304,34638],{"class":50},[44,132306,55],{"class":54},[44,132308,284],{"class":272},[44,132310,287],{"class":276},[44,132312,3318],{"class":272},[44,132314,132315,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132316,128],{"class":127},[44,132318,115],{"class":58},[44,132320,34659],{"class":111},[44,132322,108],{"class":58},[44,132324,35798],{"class":111},[44,132326,115],{"class":58},[44,132328,273],{"class":272},[44,132330,394],{"class":276},[44,132332,273],{"class":272},[44,132334,5315],{"class":58},[44,132336,27731],{"class":140},[20,132338,20928,132339,132341],{},[15,132340,18046],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132343,132344,132345,108],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[394,132346,132347,574],{"href":124571},[15,132348,58513],{},[30,132350,582,132351,398,132353],{"id":65172},[15,132352,36025],{},[15,132354,52608],{},[20,132356,1938,132357,398,132359,132361],{},[15,132358,36025],{},[15,132360,52608],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132363,132364],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132366,45991,132367,159],{},[15,132368,36025],{},[35,132370,132372],{"className":37,"code":132371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132373,132374,132386,132390,132414,132442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132375,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132377,34638],{"class":50},[44,132379,55],{"class":54},[44,132381,284],{"class":272},[44,132383,287],{"class":276},[44,132385,3318],{"class":272},[44,132387,132388],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132389,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,132391,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132393,128],{"class":127},[44,132395,115],{"class":58},[44,132397,34659],{"class":111},[44,132399,108],{"class":58},[44,132401,35798],{"class":111},[44,132403,115],{"class":58},[44,132405,273],{"class":272},[44,132407,394],{"class":276},[44,132409,273],{"class":272},[44,132411,5315],{"class":58},[44,132413,51070],{"class":140},[44,132415,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132417,128],{"class":127},[44,132419,115],{"class":58},[44,132421,34659],{"class":111},[44,132423,108],{"class":58},[44,132425,35798],{"class":111},[44,132427,115],{"class":58},[44,132429,273],{"class":272},[44,132431,394],{"class":276},[44,132433,273],{"class":272},[44,132435,66],{"class":58},[44,132437,69],{"class":62},[44,132439,5315],{"class":58},[44,132441,50920],{"class":140},[44,132443,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,132445,128],{"class":127},[44,132447,115],{"class":58},[44,132449,34659],{"class":111},[44,132451,108],{"class":58},[44,132453,35798],{"class":111},[44,132455,115],{"class":58},[44,132457,273],{"class":272},[44,132459,394],{"class":276},[44,132461,273],{"class":272},[44,132463,66],{"class":58},[44,132465,90],{"class":62},[44,132467,5315],{"class":58},[44,132469,50704],{"class":140},[20,132471,19907],{},[161,132473,132474,132481,132487],{},[164,132475,132476,132477,65362,132479],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132478,18046],{},[15,132480,63],{},[164,132482,132483,132484,132486],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132485,801],{}," skips that first match",[164,132488,132483,132489,132491,132492],{},[15,132490,2461],{}," finds the last ",[15,132493,18046],{},[20,132495,45991,132496,159],{},[15,132497,52608],{},[35,132499,132501],{"className":37,"code":132500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132502,132503,132515,132519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132504,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132506,34638],{"class":50},[44,132508,55],{"class":54},[44,132510,284],{"class":272},[44,132512,287],{"class":276},[44,132514,3318],{"class":272},[44,132516,132517],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132518,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,132520,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132522,128],{"class":127},[44,132524,115],{"class":58},[44,132526,34659],{"class":111},[44,132528,108],{"class":58},[44,132530,35798],{"class":111},[44,132532,115],{"class":58},[44,132534,273],{"class":272},[44,132536,75796],{"class":276},[44,132538,273],{"class":272},[44,132540,66],{"class":58},[44,132542,3790],{"class":62},[44,132544,66],{"class":58},[44,132546,90],{"class":62},[44,132548,5315],{"class":58},[44,132550,51365],{"class":140},[20,132552,132553],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132555,132556],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132558,44164,132560,132562],{"id":132559},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132561,58891],{}," causes an error",[20,132564,132565,132566,52444,132568,108],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132567,58891],{},[15,132569,40655],{},[20,132571,2164],{},[35,132573,132575],{"className":37,"code":132574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132576,132577,132589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132578,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132580,34638],{"class":50},[44,132582,55],{"class":54},[44,132584,284],{"class":272},[44,132586,1262],{"class":276},[44,132588,3318],{"class":272},[44,132590,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132592,128],{"class":127},[44,132594,115],{"class":58},[44,132596,34659],{"class":111},[44,132598,108],{"class":58},[44,132600,35798],{"class":111},[44,132602,115],{"class":58},[44,132604,273],{"class":272},[44,132606,22028],{"class":276},[44,132608,273],{"class":272},[44,132610,637],{"class":58},[20,132612,2028],{},[35,132614,132616],{"className":37,"code":132615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132617,132618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132619,132620,132622,132624,132627,132629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132621,40655],{"class":1458},[44,132623,159],{"class":58},[44,132625,132626],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132628,4583],{"class":54},[44,132630,65595],{"class":50},[20,132632,53285,132633,126087,132638,132640],{},[394,132634,132635],{"href":129765},[15,132636,132637],{},"str.find()",[15,132639,65620],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132642,132643,132644,398,132646,159],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132645,29755],{},[15,132647,29786],{},[35,132649,132651],{"className":37,"code":132650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132652,132653,132665,132669,132675,132698,132708,132716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132654,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132656,34638],{"class":50},[44,132658,55],{"class":54},[44,132660,284],{"class":272},[44,132662,1262],{"class":276},[44,132664,3318],{"class":272},[44,132666,132667],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132668,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,132670,132671,132673],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132672,29755],{"class":3832},[44,132674,6344],{"class":58},[44,132676,132677,132680,132682,132684,132686,132688,132690,132692,132694,132696],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132678,132679],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132681,55],{"class":54},[44,132683,42793],{"class":50},[44,132685,108],{"class":58},[44,132687,35798],{"class":111},[44,132689,115],{"class":58},[44,132691,273],{"class":272},[44,132693,22028],{"class":276},[44,132695,273],{"class":272},[44,132697,121],{"class":58},[44,132699,132700,132702,132704,132706],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,132701,8017],{"class":127},[44,132703,115],{"class":58},[44,132705,64712],{"class":111},[44,132707,121],{"class":58},[44,132709,132710,132712,132714],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,132711,29786],{"class":3832},[44,132713,41878],{"class":1458},[44,132715,6344],{"class":58},[44,132717,132718,132720,132722,132724,132727,132729],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,132719,8017],{"class":127},[44,132721,115],{"class":58},[44,132723,273],{"class":272},[44,132725,132726],{"class":276},"Substring not found",[44,132728,273],{"class":272},[44,132730,121],{"class":58},[20,132732,132733],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132735,41898,132736,108],{},[394,132737,25630,132739],{"href":132738},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132740,129092],{},[30,132742,132744,408,132746],{"id":132743},"index-vs-find",[15,132745,58891],{},[15,132747,124116],{},[20,132749,132750,398,132752,132754],{},[15,132751,58891],{},[15,132753,124116],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[420,132756,132757],{"id":35798},[15,132758,58891],{},[161,132760,132761,132764],{},[164,132762,132763],{},"Returns the first match position",[164,132765,132766],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132768,132770],{"className":37,"code":132769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132771,132772,132784,132808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132773,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132775,34638],{"class":50},[44,132777,55],{"class":54},[44,132779,284],{"class":272},[44,132781,1262],{"class":276},[44,132783,3318],{"class":272},[44,132785,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132798,132800,132802,132804,132806],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132787,128],{"class":127},[44,132789,115],{"class":58},[44,132791,34659],{"class":111},[44,132793,108],{"class":58},[44,132795,35798],{"class":111},[44,132797,115],{"class":58},[44,132799,273],{"class":272},[44,132801,60370],{"class":276},[44,132803,273],{"class":272},[44,132805,5315],{"class":58},[44,132807,27731],{"class":140},[44,132809,132810],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132811,132812],{"class":140},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[420,132814,132815],{"id":128146},[15,132816,124116],{},[161,132818,132819,132821],{},[164,132820,132763],{},[164,132822,175,132823,132825],{},[15,132824,65620],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132827,132829],{"className":37,"code":132828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132830,132831,132843,132867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132832,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132834,34638],{"class":50},[44,132836,55],{"class":54},[44,132838,284],{"class":272},[44,132840,1262],{"class":276},[44,132842,3318],{"class":272},[44,132844,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132846,128],{"class":127},[44,132848,115],{"class":58},[44,132850,34659],{"class":111},[44,132852,108],{"class":58},[44,132854,128146],{"class":111},[44,132856,115],{"class":58},[44,132858,273],{"class":272},[44,132860,60370],{"class":276},[44,132862,273],{"class":272},[44,132864,5315],{"class":58},[44,132866,27731],{"class":140},[44,132868,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132870,128],{"class":127},[44,132872,115],{"class":58},[44,132874,34659],{"class":111},[44,132876,108],{"class":58},[44,132878,128146],{"class":111},[44,132880,115],{"class":58},[44,132882,273],{"class":272},[44,132884,22028],{"class":276},[44,132886,273],{"class":272},[44,132888,5315],{"class":58},[44,132890,128502],{"class":140},[20,132892,144,132893,132895],{},[15,132894,58891],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132897,144,132898,132900],{},[15,132899,124116],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132902,132903,132904,2837,132909,108],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[394,132905,132906,132908],{"href":129765},[15,132907,132637],{}," method reference",[394,132910,127157],{"href":132911},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,132913,2788],{"id":2787},[20,132915,132916,132917,159],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132918,58891],{},[161,132920,132921,132924,132931,132936,132941],{},[164,132922,132923],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[164,132925,8399,132926,8402,132928,132930],{},[15,132927,58891],{},[15,132929,65620],{}," when no match exists",[164,132932,582,132933,132935],{},[15,132934,58891],{}," on a value that may not be present",[164,132937,132938,132939],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132940,63],{},[164,132942,4531,132943,132945],{},[15,132944,58891],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132947,1433],{},[35,132949,132951],{"className":37,"code":132950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132952,132953,132963,132977,132999,133021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132954,132955,132957,132959,132961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132956,128],{"class":127},[44,132958,115],{"class":58},[44,132960,34659],{"class":111},[44,132962,121],{"class":58},[44,132964,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,132966,128],{"class":127},[44,132968,115],{"class":58},[44,132970,41731],{"class":127},[44,132972,115],{"class":58},[44,132974,34659],{"class":111},[44,132976,637],{"class":58},[44,132978,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995,132997],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,132980,128],{"class":127},[44,132982,115],{"class":58},[44,132984,34659],{"class":111},[44,132986,108],{"class":58},[44,132988,35798],{"class":111},[44,132990,115],{"class":58},[44,132992,273],{"class":272},[44,132994,2429],{"class":276},[44,132996,273],{"class":272},[44,132998,637],{"class":58},[44,133000,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133002,128],{"class":127},[44,133004,115],{"class":58},[44,133006,34659],{"class":111},[44,133008,108],{"class":58},[44,133010,128146],{"class":111},[44,133012,115],{"class":58},[44,133014,273],{"class":272},[44,133016,2429],{"class":276},[44,133018,273],{"class":272},[44,133020,637],{"class":58},[44,133022,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,133024,128],{"class":127},[44,133026,115],{"class":58},[44,133028,34659],{"class":111},[44,133030,108],{"class":58},[44,133032,35798],{"class":111},[44,133034,115],{"class":58},[44,133036,273],{"class":272},[44,133038,2429],{"class":276},[44,133040,273],{"class":272},[44,133042,66],{"class":58},[44,133044,36004],{"class":111},[44,133046,66],{"class":58},[44,133048,64806],{"class":111},[44,133050,637],{"class":58},[20,133052,133053],{},"Tips:",[161,133055,133056,133061,133066,133069],{},[164,133057,144,133058,133060],{},[15,133059,126043],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[164,133062,144,133063,133065],{},[15,133064,124116],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[164,133067,133068],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[164,133070,133071,133072],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133073,746],{},[30,133075,1757],{"id":1756},[420,133077,129625,133079,12666],{"id":133078},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133080,58891],{},[20,133082,133083],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[420,133085,133087],{"id":133086},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133089,76624,133090,108],{},[15,133091,40655],{},[420,133093,1773,133095,398,133097,1778],{"id":133094},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133096,58891],{},[15,133098,124116],{},[20,133100,133101,133103,133104,877,133106,1239],{},[15,133102,58891],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133105,124116],{},[15,133107,65620],{},[420,133109,5124,133111,133113],{"id":133110},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133112,58891],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133115,133116],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[420,133118,133120,133121,124457],{"id":133119},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133122,58891],{},[20,133124,129650],{},[30,133126,1821],{"id":1820},[161,133128,133129,133135,133139,133144,133150],{},[164,133130,133131],{},[394,133132,133133,574],{"href":129765},[15,133134,132637],{},[164,133136,133137],{},[394,133138,124520],{"href":132911},[164,133140,133141],{},[394,133142,129726],{"href":133143},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[164,133145,133146],{},[394,133147,133148,574],{"href":124571},[15,133149,58513],{},[164,133151,133152],{},[394,133153,30299,133154],{"href":132738},[15,133155,129092],{},[1872,133157,133158],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132743,"depth":75,"text":133170,"children":133171},"index() vs find()",[133172,133173],{"id":35798,"depth":95,"text":58891},{"id":128146,"depth":95,"text":124116},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":133176},[133177,133179,133180,133182,133184],{"id":133078,"depth":95,"text":133178},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133086,"depth":95,"text":133087},{"id":133094,"depth":95,"text":133181},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133110,"depth":95,"text":133183},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133119,"depth":95,"text":133185},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131706,"description":133187},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133194,"title":133195,"body":133196,"description":135971,"extension":1921,"meta":135972,"navigation":98,"path":135973,"seo":135974,"stem":135975,"__hash__":135976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133197,"toc":135907},[133198,133204,133209,133212,133215,133226,133228,133297,133299,133313,133318,133323,133328,133330,133373,133375,133458,133460,133506,133512,133514,133516,133536,133538,133561,133563,133637,133639,133658,133663,133665,133669,133741,133743,133757,133761,133837,133839,133858,133862,133956,133958,133967,133974,134050,134052,134070,134074,134077,134084,134133,134135,134144,134151,134210,134212,134230,134233,134240,134299,134301,134319,134326,134383,134385,134394,134398,134403,134407,134466,134468,134486,134490,134537,134542,134545,134614,134616,134633,134640,134646,134701,134706,134709,134786,134788,134806,134812,134818,134878,134880,134899,134905,134908,134915,134968,134973,134975,135036,135045,135052,135054,135111,135116,135118,135189,135193,135248,135250,135259,135264,135270,135339,135341,135373,135379,135387,135394,135400,135465,135467,135476,135482,135563,135565,135574,135579,135593,135600,135604,135609,135637,135639,135772,135775,135812,135814,135820,135829,135834,135837,135842,135847,135853,135856,135865,135868,135870,135899,135904],[10,133199,123121,133201,18],{"id":133200},"python-string-join-method",[15,133202,133203],{},"join()",[20,133205,123126,133206,133208],{},[15,133207,133203],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133210,133211],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133213,133214],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[161,133216,133217,133223],{},[164,133218,133219,133220,133222],{},"You call ",[15,133221,133203],{}," on the separator string",[164,133224,133225],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133227,3570],{"id":3569},[35,133229,133231],{"className":37,"code":133230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133232,133233,133266,133287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133234,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253,133255,133257,133259,133262,133264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133236,1253],{"class":50},[44,133238,55],{"class":54},[44,133240,59],{"class":58},[44,133242,273],{"class":272},[44,133244,7244],{"class":276},[44,133246,273],{"class":272},[44,133248,66],{"class":58},[44,133250,284],{"class":272},[44,133252,12144],{"class":276},[44,133254,273],{"class":272},[44,133256,66],{"class":58},[44,133258,284],{"class":272},[44,133260,133261],{"class":276},"fun",[44,133263,273],{"class":272},[44,133265,72],{"class":58},[44,133267,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133281,133283,133285],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133269,911],{"class":50},[44,133271,55],{"class":54},[44,133273,284],{"class":272},[44,133275,284],{"class":272},[44,133277,108],{"class":58},[44,133279,133280],{"class":111},"join",[44,133282,115],{"class":58},[44,133284,1271],{"class":111},[44,133286,121],{"class":58},[44,133288,133289,133291,133293,133295],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133290,128],{"class":127},[44,133292,115],{"class":58},[44,133294,943],{"class":111},[44,133296,121],{"class":58},[20,133298,2028],{},[35,133300,133302],{"className":37,"code":133301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133303,133304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133305,133306,133308,133310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133307,3536],{"class":50},[44,133309,12144],{"class":54},[44,133311,133312],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133314,144,133315,133317],{},[15,133316,133203],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133319,151,133321,154],{"id":133320},"what-join-does",[15,133322,133203],{},[20,133324,133325,133327],{},[15,133326,133203],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133329,11408],{},[161,133331,133332,133339,133367,133370],{},[164,133333,133334,133335,133338],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133336,133337],{},".join()"," as the separator",[164,133340,133341,133342],{},"Common separators are:\n",[161,133343,133344,133350,133356,133362],{},[164,133345,133346,133349],{},[15,133347,133348],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[164,133351,133352,133355],{},[15,133353,133354],{},"\", \""," for commas",[164,133357,133358,133361],{},[15,133359,133360],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[164,133363,133364,133366],{},[15,133365,6224],{}," for no separator",[164,133368,133369],{},"It returns a new string",[164,133371,133372],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133374,2164],{},[35,133376,133378],{"className":37,"code":133377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133379,133380,133412,133434,133438,133448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133381,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133383,1253],{"class":50},[44,133385,55],{"class":54},[44,133387,59],{"class":58},[44,133389,273],{"class":272},[44,133391,13043],{"class":276},[44,133393,273],{"class":272},[44,133395,66],{"class":58},[44,133397,284],{"class":272},[44,133399,17405],{"class":276},[44,133401,273],{"class":272},[44,133403,66],{"class":58},[44,133405,284],{"class":272},[44,133407,13060],{"class":276},[44,133409,273],{"class":272},[44,133411,72],{"class":58},[44,133413,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133415,911],{"class":50},[44,133417,55],{"class":54},[44,133419,284],{"class":272},[44,133421,798],{"class":276},[44,133423,273],{"class":272},[44,133425,108],{"class":58},[44,133427,133280],{"class":111},[44,133429,115],{"class":58},[44,133431,1271],{"class":111},[44,133433,121],{"class":58},[44,133435,133436],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133437,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,133439,133440,133442,133444,133446],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133441,128],{"class":127},[44,133443,115],{"class":58},[44,133445,943],{"class":111},[44,133447,121],{"class":58},[44,133449,133450,133452,133454,133456],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,133451,128],{"class":127},[44,133453,115],{"class":58},[44,133455,1271],{"class":111},[44,133457,121],{"class":58},[20,133459,2028],{},[35,133461,133463],{"className":37,"code":133462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133464,133465,133478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133466,133467,133469,133471,133474,133476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133468,13043],{"class":50},[44,133470,66],{"class":58},[44,133472,133473],{"class":50}," green",[44,133475,66],{"class":58},[44,133477,35833],{"class":50},[44,133479,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133481,3856],{"class":58},[44,133483,3259],{"class":272},[44,133485,13043],{"class":276},[44,133487,3259],{"class":272},[44,133489,66],{"class":58},[44,133491,3254],{"class":272},[44,133493,17405],{"class":276},[44,133495,3259],{"class":272},[44,133497,66],{"class":58},[44,133499,3254],{"class":272},[44,133501,13060],{"class":276},[44,133503,3259],{"class":272},[44,133505,72],{"class":58},[20,133507,133508,133509,133511],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133510,133203],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133513,188],{"id":187},[20,133515,7165],{},[35,133517,133519],{"className":37,"code":133518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133520,133521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133522,133523,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133524,133525],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133527,108],{"class":58},[44,133529,133280],{"class":111},[44,133531,115],{"class":58},[44,133533,207],{"class":111},[44,133535,121],{"class":58},[420,133537,48960],{"id":48959},[161,133539,133540,133553,133558],{},[164,133541,133542,133544,133545,798,133547,798,133549,2149,133551],{},[15,133543,133525],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133546,133348],{},[15,133548,133354],{},[15,133550,133360],{},[15,133552,6224],{},[164,133554,133555,133557],{},[15,133556,207],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[164,133559,133560],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133562,2164],{},[35,133564,133566],{"className":37,"code":133565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133567,133568,133600,133623,133627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133569,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133571,4948],{"class":50},[44,133573,55],{"class":54},[44,133575,59],{"class":58},[44,133577,273],{"class":272},[44,133579,12830],{"class":276},[44,133581,273],{"class":272},[44,133583,66],{"class":58},[44,133585,284],{"class":272},[44,133587,35893],{"class":276},[44,133589,273],{"class":272},[44,133591,66],{"class":58},[44,133593,284],{"class":272},[44,133595,35902],{"class":276},[44,133597,273],{"class":272},[44,133599,72],{"class":58},[44,133601,133602,133604,133606,133608,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133603,911],{"class":50},[44,133605,55],{"class":54},[44,133607,284],{"class":272},[44,133609,133610],{"class":276}," | ",[44,133612,273],{"class":272},[44,133614,108],{"class":58},[44,133616,133280],{"class":111},[44,133618,115],{"class":58},[44,133620,4992],{"class":111},[44,133622,121],{"class":58},[44,133624,133625],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133626,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,133628,133629,133631,133633,133635],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133630,128],{"class":127},[44,133632,115],{"class":58},[44,133634,943],{"class":111},[44,133636,121],{"class":58},[20,133638,2028],{},[35,133640,133642],{"className":37,"code":133641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133643,133644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133645,133646,133649,133651,133654,133656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133647,133648],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133650,113628],{"class":54},[44,133652,133653],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133655,113628],{"class":54},[44,133657,35974],{"class":50},[20,133659,133660,133661,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[394,133662,124876],{"href":50926},[30,133664,121652],{"id":121651},[420,133666,133668],{"id":133667},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133670,133672],{"className":37,"code":133671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133673,133674,133707,133727,133731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133675,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133703,133705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133677,1253],{"class":50},[44,133679,55],{"class":54},[44,133681,59],{"class":58},[44,133683,273],{"class":272},[44,133685,7244],{"class":276},[44,133687,273],{"class":272},[44,133689,66],{"class":58},[44,133691,284],{"class":272},[44,133693,12144],{"class":276},[44,133695,273],{"class":272},[44,133697,66],{"class":58},[44,133699,284],{"class":272},[44,133701,133702],{"class":276},"easy",[44,133704,273],{"class":272},[44,133706,72],{"class":58},[44,133708,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133710,911],{"class":50},[44,133712,55],{"class":54},[44,133714,284],{"class":272},[44,133716,284],{"class":272},[44,133718,108],{"class":58},[44,133720,133280],{"class":111},[44,133722,115],{"class":58},[44,133724,1271],{"class":111},[44,133726,121],{"class":58},[44,133728,133729],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133730,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,133732,133733,133735,133737,133739],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133734,128],{"class":127},[44,133736,115],{"class":58},[44,133738,943],{"class":111},[44,133740,121],{"class":58},[20,133742,2028],{},[35,133744,133746],{"className":37,"code":133745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133747,133748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133749,133750,133752,133754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133751,3536],{"class":50},[44,133753,12144],{"class":54},[44,133755,133756],{"class":50}," easy\n",[420,133758,133760],{"id":133759},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133762,133764],{"className":37,"code":133763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133765,133766,133801,133823,133827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133767,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133779,133781,133783,133785,133788,133790,133792,133794,133797,133799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133769,818],{"class":50},[44,133771,55],{"class":54},[44,133773,59],{"class":58},[44,133775,273],{"class":272},[44,133777,133778],{"class":276},"apples",[44,133780,273],{"class":272},[44,133782,66],{"class":58},[44,133784,284],{"class":272},[44,133786,133787],{"class":276},"bananas",[44,133789,273],{"class":272},[44,133791,66],{"class":58},[44,133793,284],{"class":272},[44,133795,133796],{"class":276},"oranges",[44,133798,273],{"class":272},[44,133800,72],{"class":58},[44,133802,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133804,911],{"class":50},[44,133806,55],{"class":54},[44,133808,284],{"class":272},[44,133810,798],{"class":276},[44,133812,273],{"class":272},[44,133814,108],{"class":58},[44,133816,133280],{"class":111},[44,133818,115],{"class":58},[44,133820,835],{"class":111},[44,133822,121],{"class":58},[44,133824,133825],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133826,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,133828,133829,133831,133833,133835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133830,128],{"class":127},[44,133832,115],{"class":58},[44,133834,943],{"class":111},[44,133836,121],{"class":58},[20,133838,2028],{},[35,133840,133842],{"className":37,"code":133841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133843,133844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133845,133846,133848,133850,133853,133855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133847,133778],{"class":50},[44,133849,66],{"class":58},[44,133851,133852],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133854,66],{"class":58},[44,133856,133857],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[420,133859,133861],{"id":133860},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133863,133865],{"className":37,"code":133864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133866,133867,133924,133942,133946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133868,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133870,672],{"class":50},[44,133872,55],{"class":54},[44,133874,59],{"class":58},[44,133876,273],{"class":272},[44,133878,133879],{"class":276},"P",[44,133881,273],{"class":272},[44,133883,66],{"class":58},[44,133885,284],{"class":272},[44,133887,11695],{"class":276},[44,133889,273],{"class":272},[44,133891,66],{"class":58},[44,133893,284],{"class":272},[44,133895,63052],{"class":276},[44,133897,273],{"class":272},[44,133899,66],{"class":58},[44,133901,284],{"class":272},[44,133903,60361],{"class":276},[44,133905,273],{"class":272},[44,133907,66],{"class":58},[44,133909,284],{"class":272},[44,133911,60396],{"class":276},[44,133913,273],{"class":272},[44,133915,66],{"class":58},[44,133917,284],{"class":272},[44,133919,75796],{"class":276},[44,133921,273],{"class":272},[44,133923,72],{"class":58},[44,133925,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,133927,911],{"class":50},[44,133929,55],{"class":54},[44,133931,6078],{"class":272},[44,133933,108],{"class":58},[44,133935,133280],{"class":111},[44,133937,115],{"class":58},[44,133939,689],{"class":111},[44,133941,121],{"class":58},[44,133943,133944],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,133945,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,133947,133948,133950,133952,133954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133949,128],{"class":127},[44,133951,115],{"class":58},[44,133953,943],{"class":111},[44,133955,121],{"class":58},[20,133957,2028],{},[35,133959,133961],{"className":37,"code":133960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133962,133963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133964,133965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133966,133960],{"class":50},[420,133968,133970,133971,133973],{"id":133969},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133972,133203],{}," returns the result",[35,133975,133977],{"className":37,"code":133976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133978,133979,134012,134035,134039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133980,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134008,134010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133982,1253],{"class":50},[44,133984,55],{"class":54},[44,133986,59],{"class":58},[44,133988,273],{"class":272},[44,133990,6532],{"class":276},[44,133992,273],{"class":272},[44,133994,66],{"class":58},[44,133996,284],{"class":272},[44,133998,79037],{"class":276},[44,134000,273],{"class":272},[44,134002,66],{"class":58},[44,134004,284],{"class":272},[44,134006,134007],{"class":276},"three",[44,134009,273],{"class":272},[44,134011,72],{"class":58},[44,134013,134014,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134015,134016],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,134018,55],{"class":54},[44,134020,284],{"class":272},[44,134022,1980],{"class":276},[44,134024,273],{"class":272},[44,134026,108],{"class":58},[44,134028,133280],{"class":111},[44,134030,115],{"class":58},[44,134032,1271],{"class":111},[44,134034,121],{"class":58},[44,134036,134037],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,134038,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,134040,134041,134043,134045,134048],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134042,128],{"class":127},[44,134044,115],{"class":58},[44,134046,134047],{"class":111},"joined_text",[44,134049,121],{"class":58},[20,134051,2028],{},[35,134053,134055],{"className":37,"code":134054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,134056,134057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134058,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134060,6532],{"class":50},[44,134062,1980],{"class":54},[44,134064,79037],{"class":50},[44,134066,1980],{"class":54},[44,134068,134069],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,134071,134073],{"id":134072},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134075,134076],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[420,134078,134080,134083],{"id":134079},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134081,134082],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,134085,134087],{"className":37,"code":134086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134088,134089,134113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134090,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134092,1253],{"class":50},[44,134094,55],{"class":54},[44,134096,59],{"class":58},[44,134098,273],{"class":272},[44,134100,1262],{"class":276},[44,134102,273],{"class":272},[44,134104,66],{"class":58},[44,134106,284],{"class":272},[44,134108,1282],{"class":276},[44,134110,273],{"class":272},[44,134112,72],{"class":58},[44,134114,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134116,128],{"class":127},[44,134118,115],{"class":58},[44,134120,273],{"class":272},[44,134122,284],{"class":272},[44,134124,108],{"class":58},[44,134126,133280],{"class":111},[44,134128,115],{"class":58},[44,134130,1271],{"class":111},[44,134132,637],{"class":58},[20,134134,2028],{},[35,134136,134138],{"className":37,"code":134137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134139,134140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134141,134142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134143,134137],{"class":50},[420,134145,134147,134150],{"id":134146},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134148,134149],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134152,134154],{"className":37,"code":134153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134155,134156,134188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134157,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134159,13026],{"class":50},[44,134161,55],{"class":54},[44,134163,59],{"class":58},[44,134165,273],{"class":272},[44,134167,13043],{"class":276},[44,134169,273],{"class":272},[44,134171,66],{"class":58},[44,134173,284],{"class":272},[44,134175,13060],{"class":276},[44,134177,273],{"class":272},[44,134179,66],{"class":58},[44,134181,284],{"class":272},[44,134183,17405],{"class":276},[44,134185,273],{"class":272},[44,134187,72],{"class":58},[44,134189,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134191,128],{"class":127},[44,134193,115],{"class":58},[44,134195,273],{"class":272},[44,134197,798],{"class":276},[44,134199,273],{"class":272},[44,134201,108],{"class":58},[44,134203,133280],{"class":111},[44,134205,115],{"class":58},[44,134207,17452],{"class":111},[44,134209,637],{"class":58},[20,134211,2028],{},[35,134213,134215],{"className":37,"code":134214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134216,134217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134218,134219,134221,134223,134226,134228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134220,13043],{"class":50},[44,134222,66],{"class":58},[44,134224,134225],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134227,66],{"class":58},[44,134229,35826],{"class":50},[20,134231,134232],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[420,134234,134236,134239],{"id":134235},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134237,134238],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134241,134243],{"className":37,"code":134242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134244,134245,134277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134246,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134248,42788],{"class":50},[44,134250,55],{"class":54},[44,134252,59],{"class":58},[44,134254,273],{"class":272},[44,134256,39],{"class":276},[44,134258,273],{"class":272},[44,134260,66],{"class":58},[44,134262,284],{"class":272},[44,134264,241],{"class":276},[44,134266,273],{"class":272},[44,134268,66],{"class":58},[44,134270,284],{"class":272},[44,134272,133280],{"class":276},[44,134274,273],{"class":272},[44,134276,72],{"class":58},[44,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134280,128],{"class":127},[44,134282,115],{"class":58},[44,134284,273],{"class":272},[44,134286,1980],{"class":276},[44,134288,273],{"class":272},[44,134290,108],{"class":58},[44,134292,133280],{"class":111},[44,134294,115],{"class":58},[44,134296,42820],{"class":111},[44,134298,637],{"class":58},[20,134300,2028],{},[35,134302,134304],{"className":37,"code":134303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134305,134306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134307,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134309,39],{"class":50},[44,134311,1980],{"class":54},[44,134313,241],{"class":50},[44,134315,1980],{"class":54},[44,134317,134318],{"class":50},"join\n",[420,134320,134322,134325],{"id":134321},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134323,134324],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134327,134329],{"className":37,"code":134328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134330,134331,134364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134332,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134360,134362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134334,112700],{"class":50},[44,134336,55],{"class":54},[44,134338,59],{"class":58},[44,134340,273],{"class":272},[44,134342,22196],{"class":276},[44,134344,273],{"class":272},[44,134346,66],{"class":58},[44,134348,284],{"class":272},[44,134350,30551],{"class":276},[44,134352,273],{"class":272},[44,134354,66],{"class":58},[44,134356,284],{"class":272},[44,134358,134359],{"class":276},"C",[44,134361,273],{"class":272},[44,134363,72],{"class":58},[44,134365,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134381],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134367,128],{"class":127},[44,134369,115],{"class":58},[44,134371,6224],{"class":272},[44,134373,108],{"class":58},[44,134375,133280],{"class":111},[44,134377,115],{"class":58},[44,134379,134380],{"class":111},"chars",[44,134382,637],{"class":58},[20,134384,2028],{},[35,134386,134388],{"className":37,"code":134387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134389,134390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134391,134392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134393,134387],{"class":34403},[30,134395,134397],{"id":134396},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134399,134400,134402],{},[15,134401,133203],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[420,134404,134406],{"id":134405},"this-works","This works",[35,134408,134410],{"className":37,"code":134409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134411,134412,134444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134413,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134415,604],{"class":50},[44,134417,55],{"class":54},[44,134419,59],{"class":58},[44,134421,273],{"class":272},[44,134423,2287],{"class":276},[44,134425,273],{"class":272},[44,134427,66],{"class":58},[44,134429,284],{"class":272},[44,134431,15703],{"class":276},[44,134433,273],{"class":272},[44,134435,66],{"class":58},[44,134437,284],{"class":272},[44,134439,36791],{"class":276},[44,134441,273],{"class":272},[44,134443,72],{"class":58},[44,134445,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134447,128],{"class":127},[44,134449,115],{"class":58},[44,134451,273],{"class":272},[44,134453,798],{"class":276},[44,134455,273],{"class":272},[44,134457,108],{"class":58},[44,134459,133280],{"class":111},[44,134461,115],{"class":58},[44,134463,621],{"class":111},[44,134465,637],{"class":58},[20,134467,2028],{},[35,134469,134471],{"className":37,"code":134470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134472,134473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134474,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134476,2287],{"class":62},[44,134478,66],{"class":58},[44,134480,7738],{"class":62},[44,134482,66],{"class":58},[44,134484,134485],{"class":62}," 30\n",[420,134487,134489],{"id":134488},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134491,134493],{"className":37,"code":134492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134494,134495,134515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134496,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134498,604],{"class":50},[44,134500,55],{"class":54},[44,134502,59],{"class":58},[44,134504,63],{"class":62},[44,134506,66],{"class":58},[44,134508,69],{"class":62},[44,134510,66],{"class":58},[44,134512,2408],{"class":62},[44,134514,72],{"class":58},[44,134516,134517,134519,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134518,128],{"class":127},[44,134520,115],{"class":58},[44,134522,273],{"class":272},[44,134524,798],{"class":276},[44,134526,273],{"class":272},[44,134528,108],{"class":58},[44,134530,133280],{"class":111},[44,134532,115],{"class":58},[44,134534,621],{"class":111},[44,134536,637],{"class":58},[20,134538,90077,134539,134541],{},[15,134540,1424],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134543,134544],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134546,134548],{"className":37,"code":134547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134549,134550,134570,134600,134604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134551,134552,134554,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134553,604],{"class":50},[44,134555,55],{"class":54},[44,134557,59],{"class":58},[44,134559,63],{"class":62},[44,134561,66],{"class":58},[44,134563,69],{"class":62},[44,134565,66],{"class":58},[44,134567,2408],{"class":62},[44,134569,72],{"class":58},[44,134571,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134573,911],{"class":50},[44,134575,55],{"class":54},[44,134577,284],{"class":272},[44,134579,798],{"class":276},[44,134581,273],{"class":272},[44,134583,108],{"class":58},[44,134585,133280],{"class":111},[44,134587,115],{"class":58},[44,134589,39810],{"class":127},[44,134591,115],{"class":58},[44,134593,3403],{"class":1458},[44,134595,66],{"class":58},[44,134597,3842],{"class":111},[44,134599,637],{"class":58},[44,134601,134602],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,134603,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,134605,134606,134608,134610,134612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134607,128],{"class":127},[44,134609,115],{"class":58},[44,134611,943],{"class":111},[44,134613,121],{"class":58},[20,134615,2028],{},[35,134617,134619],{"className":37,"code":134618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134620,134621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134622,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134624,63],{"class":62},[44,134626,66],{"class":58},[44,134628,69],{"class":62},[44,134630,66],{"class":58},[44,134632,2534],{"class":62},[20,134634,134635,134636,108],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[394,134637,3536,134638,3469],{"href":42126},[15,134639,47635],{},[420,134641,134643,134645],{"id":134642},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134644,178],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134647,134649],{"className":37,"code":134648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134650,134651,134679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134652,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134654,604],{"class":50},[44,134656,55],{"class":54},[44,134658,59],{"class":58},[44,134660,273],{"class":272},[44,134662,277],{"class":276},[44,134664,273],{"class":272},[44,134666,66],{"class":58},[44,134668,3808],{"class":1582},[44,134670,66],{"class":58},[44,134672,284],{"class":272},[44,134674,287],{"class":276},[44,134676,273],{"class":272},[44,134678,72],{"class":58},[44,134680,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134682,128],{"class":127},[44,134684,115],{"class":58},[44,134686,273],{"class":272},[44,134688,798],{"class":276},[44,134690,273],{"class":272},[44,134692,108],{"class":58},[44,134694,133280],{"class":111},[44,134696,115],{"class":58},[44,134698,621],{"class":111},[44,134700,637],{"class":58},[20,134702,134703,134704,108],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134705,1424],{},[20,134707,134708],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134710,134712],{"className":37,"code":134711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134713,134714,134742,134772,134776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134715,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134717,604],{"class":50},[44,134719,55],{"class":54},[44,134721,59],{"class":58},[44,134723,273],{"class":272},[44,134725,277],{"class":276},[44,134727,273],{"class":272},[44,134729,66],{"class":58},[44,134731,3808],{"class":1582},[44,134733,66],{"class":58},[44,134735,284],{"class":272},[44,134737,287],{"class":276},[44,134739,273],{"class":272},[44,134741,72],{"class":58},[44,134743,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134745,911],{"class":50},[44,134747,55],{"class":54},[44,134749,284],{"class":272},[44,134751,798],{"class":276},[44,134753,273],{"class":272},[44,134755,108],{"class":58},[44,134757,133280],{"class":111},[44,134759,115],{"class":58},[44,134761,39810],{"class":127},[44,134763,115],{"class":58},[44,134765,3403],{"class":1458},[44,134767,66],{"class":58},[44,134769,3842],{"class":111},[44,134771,637],{"class":58},[44,134773,134774],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,134775,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,134777,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134779,128],{"class":127},[44,134781,115],{"class":58},[44,134783,943],{"class":111},[44,134785,121],{"class":58},[20,134787,2028],{},[35,134789,134791],{"className":37,"code":134790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134792,134793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134796,277],{"class":50},[44,134798,66],{"class":58},[44,134800,3808],{"class":1582},[44,134802,66],{"class":58},[44,134804,134805],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134807,134808,134809,134811],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134810,178],{}," values instead of converting them.",[420,134813,134815,134817],{"id":134814},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134816,133203],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134819,134821],{"className":37,"code":134820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134822,134823,134855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134824,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134826,4948],{"class":50},[44,134828,55],{"class":54},[44,134830,9185],{"class":58},[44,134832,273],{"class":272},[44,134834,7625],{"class":276},[44,134836,273],{"class":272},[44,134838,66],{"class":58},[44,134840,284],{"class":272},[44,134842,131209],{"class":276},[44,134844,273],{"class":272},[44,134846,66],{"class":58},[44,134848,284],{"class":272},[44,134850,7869],{"class":276},[44,134852,273],{"class":272},[44,134854,121],{"class":58},[44,134856,134857,134859,134861,134863,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134858,128],{"class":127},[44,134860,115],{"class":58},[44,134862,273],{"class":272},[44,134864,134865],{"class":276}," \u002F ",[44,134867,273],{"class":272},[44,134869,108],{"class":58},[44,134871,133280],{"class":111},[44,134873,115],{"class":58},[44,134875,4992],{"class":111},[44,134877,637],{"class":58},[20,134879,2028],{},[35,134881,134883],{"className":37,"code":134882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134884,134885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134886,134887,134890,134892,134895,134897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134888,134889],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134891,127013],{"class":54},[44,134893,134894],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134896,127013],{"class":54},[44,134898,22285],{"class":50},[30,134900,134902,134903],{"id":134901},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134904,133203],{},[20,134906,134907],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[420,134909,134911,134912,134914],{"id":134910},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134913,1424],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134916,134918],{"className":37,"code":134917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134919,134920,134948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134921,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134923,818],{"class":50},[44,134925,55],{"class":54},[44,134927,59],{"class":58},[44,134929,273],{"class":272},[44,134931,394],{"class":276},[44,134933,273],{"class":272},[44,134935,66],{"class":58},[44,134937,69],{"class":62},[44,134939,66],{"class":58},[44,134941,284],{"class":272},[44,134943,9689],{"class":276},[44,134945,273],{"class":272},[44,134947,72],{"class":58},[44,134949,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,134951,128],{"class":127},[44,134953,115],{"class":58},[44,134955,273],{"class":272},[44,134957,284],{"class":272},[44,134959,108],{"class":58},[44,134961,133280],{"class":111},[44,134963,115],{"class":58},[44,134965,835],{"class":111},[44,134967,637],{"class":58},[20,134969,48462,134970,134972],{},[15,134971,801],{}," is an integer.",[20,134974,39213],{},[35,134976,134978],{"className":37,"code":134977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134979,134980,135008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134981,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134983,818],{"class":50},[44,134985,55],{"class":54},[44,134987,59],{"class":58},[44,134989,273],{"class":272},[44,134991,394],{"class":276},[44,134993,273],{"class":272},[44,134995,66],{"class":58},[44,134997,69],{"class":62},[44,134999,66],{"class":58},[44,135001,284],{"class":272},[44,135003,9689],{"class":276},[44,135005,273],{"class":272},[44,135007,72],{"class":58},[44,135009,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135011,128],{"class":127},[44,135013,115],{"class":58},[44,135015,273],{"class":272},[44,135017,284],{"class":272},[44,135019,108],{"class":58},[44,135021,133280],{"class":111},[44,135023,115],{"class":58},[44,135025,39810],{"class":127},[44,135027,115],{"class":58},[44,135029,3403],{"class":1458},[44,135031,66],{"class":58},[44,135033,5917],{"class":111},[44,135035,2871],{"class":58},[20,135037,135038,135039,108],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[394,135040,25630,135042],{"href":135041},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135043,135044],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[420,135046,135048,135049,135051],{"id":135047},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135050,133203],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135053,4477],{},[35,135055,135057],{"className":37,"code":135056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135058,135059,135091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135060,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135062,1253],{"class":50},[44,135064,55],{"class":54},[44,135066,59],{"class":58},[44,135068,273],{"class":272},[44,135070,7244],{"class":276},[44,135072,273],{"class":272},[44,135074,66],{"class":58},[44,135076,284],{"class":272},[44,135078,12144],{"class":276},[44,135080,273],{"class":272},[44,135082,66],{"class":58},[44,135084,284],{"class":272},[44,135086,133261],{"class":276},[44,135088,273],{"class":272},[44,135090,72],{"class":58},[44,135092,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135094,911],{"class":50},[44,135096,55],{"class":54},[44,135098,6120],{"class":50},[44,135100,108],{"class":58},[44,135102,133280],{"class":111},[44,135104,115],{"class":58},[44,135106,273],{"class":272},[44,135108,284],{"class":272},[44,135110,121],{"class":58},[20,135112,135113,135115],{},[15,135114,133203],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135117,10757],{},[35,135119,135121],{"className":37,"code":135120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135122,135123,135155,135175,135179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135124,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149,135151,135153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135126,1253],{"class":50},[44,135128,55],{"class":54},[44,135130,59],{"class":58},[44,135132,273],{"class":272},[44,135134,7244],{"class":276},[44,135136,273],{"class":272},[44,135138,66],{"class":58},[44,135140,284],{"class":272},[44,135142,12144],{"class":276},[44,135144,273],{"class":272},[44,135146,66],{"class":58},[44,135148,284],{"class":272},[44,135150,133261],{"class":276},[44,135152,273],{"class":272},[44,135154,72],{"class":58},[44,135156,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135158,911],{"class":50},[44,135160,55],{"class":54},[44,135162,284],{"class":272},[44,135164,284],{"class":272},[44,135166,108],{"class":58},[44,135168,133280],{"class":111},[44,135170,115],{"class":58},[44,135172,1271],{"class":111},[44,135174,121],{"class":58},[44,135176,135177],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,135178,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,135180,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135182,128],{"class":127},[44,135184,115],{"class":58},[44,135186,943],{"class":111},[44,135188,121],{"class":58},[420,135190,135192],{"id":135191},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135194,135196],{"className":37,"code":135195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135197,135198,135230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135199,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135201,1253],{"class":50},[44,135203,55],{"class":54},[44,135205,59],{"class":58},[44,135207,273],{"class":272},[44,135209,6532],{"class":276},[44,135211,273],{"class":272},[44,135213,66],{"class":58},[44,135215,284],{"class":272},[44,135217,79037],{"class":276},[44,135219,273],{"class":272},[44,135221,66],{"class":58},[44,135223,284],{"class":272},[44,135225,134007],{"class":276},[44,135227,273],{"class":272},[44,135229,72],{"class":58},[44,135231,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135233,128],{"class":127},[44,135235,115],{"class":58},[44,135237,6224],{"class":272},[44,135239,108],{"class":58},[44,135241,133280],{"class":111},[44,135243,115],{"class":58},[44,135245,1271],{"class":111},[44,135247,637],{"class":58},[20,135249,2028],{},[35,135251,135253],{"className":37,"code":135252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135254,135255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135256,135257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135258,135252],{"class":50},[20,135260,135261,135262,1239],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135263,133348],{},[420,135265,135267,135268,131471],{"id":135266},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135269,133203],{},[35,135271,135273],{"className":37,"code":135272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135274,135275,135307,135325,135329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135276,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135278,1253],{"class":50},[44,135280,55],{"class":54},[44,135282,59],{"class":58},[44,135284,273],{"class":272},[44,135286,394],{"class":276},[44,135288,273],{"class":272},[44,135290,66],{"class":58},[44,135292,284],{"class":272},[44,135294,4714],{"class":276},[44,135296,273],{"class":272},[44,135298,66],{"class":58},[44,135300,284],{"class":272},[44,135302,9689],{"class":276},[44,135304,273],{"class":272},[44,135306,72],{"class":58},[44,135308,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135310,273],{"class":43280},[44,135312,1980],{"class":43284},[44,135314,273],{"class":43280},[44,135316,108],{"class":58},[44,135318,133280],{"class":111},[44,135320,115],{"class":58},[44,135322,1271],{"class":111},[44,135324,121],{"class":58},[44,135326,135327],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,135328,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,135330,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135332,128],{"class":127},[44,135334,115],{"class":58},[44,135336,1271],{"class":111},[44,135338,121],{"class":58},[20,135340,2028],{},[35,135342,135343],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135344,135345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135346,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367,135369,135371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135348,3856],{"class":58},[44,135350,3259],{"class":272},[44,135352,394],{"class":276},[44,135354,3259],{"class":272},[44,135356,66],{"class":58},[44,135358,3254],{"class":272},[44,135360,4714],{"class":276},[44,135362,3259],{"class":272},[44,135364,66],{"class":58},[44,135366,3254],{"class":272},[44,135368,9689],{"class":276},[44,135370,3259],{"class":272},[44,135372,72],{"class":58},[20,135374,135375,135376,135378],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135377,133203],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135380,135382,135384,135385],{"id":135381},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135383,133203],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135386,2017],{},[20,135388,10540,135389,398,135391,135393],{},[15,135390,133203],{},[15,135392,2017],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[420,135395,144,135397,135399],{"id":135396},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135398,2017],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135401,135403],{"className":37,"code":135402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135404,135405,135418,135431,135451,135455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135406,135407,135410,135412,135414,135416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135408,135409],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135411,55],{"class":54},[44,135413,284],{"class":272},[44,135415,34818],{"class":276},[44,135417,3318],{"class":272},[44,135419,135420,135423,135425,135427,135429],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135421,135422],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135424,55],{"class":54},[44,135426,284],{"class":272},[44,135428,89506],{"class":276},[44,135430,3318],{"class":272},[44,135432,135433,135435,135437,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,135434,911],{"class":50},[44,135436,55],{"class":54},[44,135438,135439],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135441,2017],{"class":54},[44,135443,284],{"class":272},[44,135445,284],{"class":272},[44,135447,2411],{"class":54},[44,135449,135450],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135452,135453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135454,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,135456,135457,135459,135461,135463],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,135458,128],{"class":127},[44,135460,115],{"class":58},[44,135462,943],{"class":111},[44,135464,121],{"class":58},[20,135466,2028],{},[35,135468,135470],{"className":37,"code":135469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135471,135472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135473,135474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135475,135469],{"class":50},[420,135477,144,135479,135481],{"id":135478},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135480,133203],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135483,135485],{"className":37,"code":135484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135486,135487,135529,135549,135553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135488,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135508,135510,135512,135514,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135490,1253],{"class":50},[44,135492,55],{"class":54},[44,135494,59],{"class":58},[44,135496,273],{"class":272},[44,135498,7244],{"class":276},[44,135500,273],{"class":272},[44,135502,66],{"class":58},[44,135504,284],{"class":272},[44,135506,135507],{"class":276},"makes",[44,135509,273],{"class":272},[44,135511,66],{"class":58},[44,135513,284],{"class":272},[44,135515,135516],{"class":276},"this",[44,135518,273],{"class":272},[44,135520,66],{"class":58},[44,135522,284],{"class":272},[44,135524,133702],{"class":276},[44,135526,273],{"class":272},[44,135528,72],{"class":58},[44,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135532,911],{"class":50},[44,135534,55],{"class":54},[44,135536,284],{"class":272},[44,135538,284],{"class":272},[44,135540,108],{"class":58},[44,135542,133280],{"class":111},[44,135544,115],{"class":58},[44,135546,1271],{"class":111},[44,135548,121],{"class":58},[44,135550,135551],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,135552,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,135554,135555,135557,135559,135561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135556,128],{"class":127},[44,135558,115],{"class":58},[44,135560,943],{"class":111},[44,135562,121],{"class":58},[20,135564,2028],{},[35,135566,135568],{"className":37,"code":135567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135569,135570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135571,135572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135573,135567],{"class":50},[20,135575,135576,135578],{},[15,135577,133203],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[161,135580,135581,135584,135587],{},[164,135582,135583],{},"You already have a list of strings",[164,135585,135586],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[164,135588,135589,135590,135592],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135591,2017],{}," operators",[20,135594,135595,135596,108],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[394,135597,135599],{"href":135598},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135601,135603],{"id":135602},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135605,8823,135606,135608],{},[15,135607,133203],{}," is not working, check these first:",[161,135610,135611,135614,135619,135628,135634],{},[164,135612,135613],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[164,135615,135616,135617],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135618,178],{},[164,135620,135621,135622,11042,135625],{},"You may have written ",[15,135623,135624],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135626,135627],{},"string.join(...)",[164,135629,135630,135631,135633],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135632,133203],{}," to change the original iterable",[164,135635,135636],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135638,94146],{},[35,135640,135642],{"className":37,"code":135641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135643,135644,135658,135668,135692,135732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135645,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135647,128],{"class":127},[44,135649,115],{"class":58},[44,135651,1459],{"class":1458},[44,135653,115],{"class":58},[44,135655,835],{"class":111},[44,135657,637],{"class":58},[44,135659,135660,135662,135664,135666],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,135661,128],{"class":127},[44,135663,115],{"class":58},[44,135665,835],{"class":111},[44,135667,121],{"class":58},[44,135669,135670,135672,135674,135676,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,135671,128],{"class":127},[44,135673,457],{"class":58},[44,135675,1459],{"class":1458},[44,135677,115],{"class":58},[44,135679,23261],{"class":111},[44,135681,1476],{"class":58},[44,135683,3833],{"class":3832},[44,135685,5912],{"class":111},[44,135687,3839],{"class":3832},[44,135689,5917],{"class":111},[44,135691,466],{"class":58},[44,135693,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135695,128],{"class":127},[44,135697,115],{"class":58},[44,135699,3259],{"class":272},[44,135701,3254],{"class":272},[44,135703,108],{"class":58},[44,135705,133280],{"class":111},[44,135707,457],{"class":58},[44,135709,3259],{"class":272},[44,135711,394],{"class":276},[44,135713,3259],{"class":272},[44,135715,66],{"class":58},[44,135717,3254],{"class":272},[44,135719,4714],{"class":276},[44,135721,3259],{"class":272},[44,135723,66],{"class":58},[44,135725,3254],{"class":272},[44,135727,9689],{"class":276},[44,135729,3259],{"class":272},[44,135731,2957],{"class":58},[44,135733,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,135735,128],{"class":127},[44,135737,115],{"class":58},[44,135739,3259],{"class":272},[44,135741,798],{"class":276},[44,135743,3259],{"class":272},[44,135745,108],{"class":58},[44,135747,133280],{"class":111},[44,135749,115],{"class":58},[44,135751,39810],{"class":127},[44,135753,115],{"class":58},[44,135755,3403],{"class":1458},[44,135757,66],{"class":58},[44,135759,59],{"class":58},[44,135761,63],{"class":62},[44,135763,66],{"class":58},[44,135765,69],{"class":62},[44,135767,66],{"class":58},[44,135769,2408],{"class":62},[44,135771,37215],{"class":58},[20,135773,135774],{},"What these checks do:",[161,135776,135777,135785,135791,135797,135806],{},[164,135778,135779,135782,135783,8044],{},[15,135780,135781],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135784,835],{},[164,135786,135787,135790],{},[15,135788,135789],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[164,135792,135793,135796],{},[15,135794,135795],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[164,135798,135799,135802,135803,135805],{},[15,135800,135801],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135804,133203],{}," behavior",[164,135807,135808,135811],{},[15,135809,135810],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135813,1757],{"id":1756},[420,135815,1761,135817,135819],{"id":135816},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135818,133203],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135821,135822,135823,135825,135826,108],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135824,133203],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135827,135828],{},"map(str, values)",[420,135830,1761,135832,57087],{"id":135831},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135833,133203],{},[20,135835,135836],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[420,135838,1790,135840,1802],{"id":135839},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135841,133203],{},[20,135843,42103,135844,135846],{},[15,135845,133203],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[420,135848,5096,135850,39911],{"id":135849},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135851,135852],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135854,135855],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[420,135857,135859,135860,135862,135863,1778],{"id":135858},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135861,1424],{}," when using ",[15,135864,133203],{},[20,135866,135867],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135869,1821],{"id":1820},[161,135871,135872,135877,135883,135889,135895],{},[164,135873,135874],{},[394,135875,135876],{"href":135598},"How to join strings in Python",[164,135878,135879],{},[394,135880,126121,135881,574],{"href":128808},[15,135882,60454],{},[164,135884,135885],{},[394,135886,3536,135887,3469],{"href":42126},[15,135888,47635],{},[164,135890,135891],{},[394,135892,30299,135893],{"href":135041},[15,135894,135044],{},[164,135896,135897],{},[394,135898,124876],{"href":50926},[20,135900,97116,135901,135903],{},[15,135902,133203],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1872,135905,135906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":135908},[135909,135910,135912,135915,135922,135932,135940,135950,135957,135958,135970],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":133320,"depth":75,"text":135911},"What join() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":135913},[135914],{"id":48959,"depth":95,"text":48960},{"id":121651,"depth":75,"text":121652,"children":135916},[135917,135918,135919,135920],{"id":133667,"depth":95,"text":133668},{"id":133759,"depth":95,"text":133760},{"id":133860,"depth":95,"text":133861},{"id":133969,"depth":95,"text":135921},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134072,"depth":75,"text":134073,"children":135923},[135924,135926,135928,135930],{"id":134079,"depth":95,"text":135925},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134146,"depth":95,"text":135927},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134235,"depth":95,"text":135929},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134321,"depth":95,"text":135931},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134396,"depth":75,"text":134397,"children":135933},[135934,135935,135936,135938],{"id":134405,"depth":95,"text":134406},{"id":134488,"depth":95,"text":134489},{"id":134642,"depth":95,"text":135937},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134814,"depth":95,"text":135939},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134901,"depth":75,"text":135941,"children":135942},"Common errors with join()",[135943,135945,135947,135948],{"id":134910,"depth":95,"text":135944},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135047,"depth":95,"text":135946},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135191,"depth":95,"text":135192},{"id":135266,"depth":95,"text":135949},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135381,"depth":75,"text":135951,"children":135952},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135953,135955],{"id":135396,"depth":95,"text":135954},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135478,"depth":95,"text":135956},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135602,"depth":75,"text":135603},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":135959},[135960,135962,135964,135966,135968],{"id":135816,"depth":95,"text":135961},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135831,"depth":95,"text":135963},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135839,"depth":95,"text":135965},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135849,"depth":95,"text":135967},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135858,"depth":95,"text":135969},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133195,"description":135971},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135978,"title":135979,"body":135980,"description":137548,"extension":1921,"meta":137549,"navigation":98,"path":137550,"seo":137551,"stem":137552,"__hash__":137553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135981,"toc":137515},[135982,135987,135992,135994,136008,136053,136060,136065,136070,136072,136088,136097,136099,136101,136116,136118,136128,136130,136192,136194,136197,136258,136260,136276,136278,136291,136294,136341,136343,136349,136352,136355,136415,136423,136509,136513,136518,136520,136534,136537,136622,136625,136683,136694,136749,136751,136758,136764,136770,136814,136817,136864,136866,136868,136875,136877,136908,136911,136913,136944,136948,136951,136953,136993,136995,137038,137044,137049,137051,137078,137083,137086,137135,137139,137142,137217,137228,137231,137288,137295,137301,137309,137314,137321,137328,137346,137348,137402,137410,137412,137417,137420,137426,137432,137437,137440,137446,137452,137459,137467,137469,137512],[10,135983,123121,135985,18],{"id":135984},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135986,123851],{},[20,135988,123126,135989,135991],{},[15,135990,123851],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135993,24038],{},[161,135995,135996,135999,136002,136005],{},[164,135997,135998],{},"convert text to lowercase",[164,136000,136001],{},"compare text without case differences",[164,136003,136004],{},"clean up user input",[164,136006,136007],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,136009,136011],{"className":37,"code":136010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136012,136013,136026,136040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136014,136015,136017,136019,136021,136024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136016,34638],{"class":50},[44,136018,55],{"class":54},[44,136020,284],{"class":272},[44,136022,136023],{"class":276},"Hello WORLD",[44,136025,3318],{"class":272},[44,136027,136028,136030,136032,136034,136036,136038],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136029,911],{"class":50},[44,136031,55],{"class":54},[44,136033,42793],{"class":50},[44,136035,108],{"class":58},[44,136037,8587],{"class":111},[44,136039,8590],{"class":58},[44,136041,136042,136044,136046,136048,136050],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136043,128],{"class":127},[44,136045,115],{"class":58},[44,136047,943],{"class":111},[44,136049,1476],{"class":58},[44,136051,136052],{"class":140},"  # hello world\n",[20,136054,136055,88729,136057,136059],{},[214,136056,83587],{},[15,136058,123851],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,136061,151,136063,154],{"id":136062},"what-lower-does",[15,136064,123851],{},[20,136066,136067,136069],{},[15,136068,123851],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136071,13002],{},[161,136073,136074,136079,136082,136085],{},[164,136075,136076,136078],{},[15,136077,123851],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[164,136080,136081],{},"It works on string objects",[164,136083,136084],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[164,136086,136087],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136089,124873,136090,136094,136095,108],{},[394,136091,136093],{"href":136092},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[394,136096,50927],{"href":50926},[30,136098,188],{"id":187},[20,136100,2116],{},[35,136102,136104],{"className":37,"code":136103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,136105,136106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136107,136108,136110,136112,136114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136109,241],{"class":50},[44,136111,108],{"class":58},[44,136113,8587],{"class":111},[44,136115,8590],{"class":58},[20,136117,43601],{},[161,136119,136120,136122,136125],{},[164,136121,97294],{},[164,136123,136124],{},"You call it directly on a string",[164,136126,136127],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136129,2164],{},[35,136131,136133],{"className":37,"code":136132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136134,136135,136158,136162,136175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136136,136137,136139,136141,136143,136146,136148,136150,136152,136155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136138,128],{"class":127},[44,136140,115],{"class":58},[44,136142,273],{"class":272},[44,136144,136145],{"class":276},"HELLO",[44,136147,273],{"class":272},[44,136149,108],{"class":58},[44,136151,8587],{"class":111},[44,136153,136154],{"class":58},"())",[44,136156,136157],{"class":140},"  # hello\n",[44,136159,136160],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136161,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136163,136164,136166,136168,136170,136173],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136165,7824],{"class":50},[44,136167,55],{"class":54},[44,136169,284],{"class":272},[44,136171,136172],{"class":276},"PyThOn",[44,136174,3318],{"class":272},[44,136176,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185,136187,136189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136178,128],{"class":127},[44,136180,115],{"class":58},[44,136182,7616],{"class":111},[44,136184,108],{"class":58},[44,136186,8587],{"class":111},[44,136188,136154],{"class":58},[44,136190,136191],{"class":140},"  # python\n",[30,136193,11425],{"id":11424},[20,136195,136196],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136198,136200],{"className":37,"code":136199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136201,136202,136214,136218,136233,136237,136248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136203,136204,136206,136208,136210,136212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136205,34638],{"class":50},[44,136207,55],{"class":54},[44,136209,284],{"class":272},[44,136211,136023],{"class":276},[44,136213,3318],{"class":272},[44,136215,136216],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136217,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136219,136220,136223,136225,136227,136229,136231],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136221,136222],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136224,55],{"class":54},[44,136226,42793],{"class":50},[44,136228,108],{"class":58},[44,136230,8587],{"class":111},[44,136232,8590],{"class":58},[44,136234,136235],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136236,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136238,136239,136241,136243,136246],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,136240,128],{"class":127},[44,136242,115],{"class":58},[44,136244,136245],{"class":111},"lower_text",[44,136247,121],{"class":58},[44,136249,136250,136252,136254,136256],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,136251,128],{"class":127},[44,136253,115],{"class":58},[44,136255,34659],{"class":111},[44,136257,121],{"class":58},[20,136259,2028],{},[35,136261,136263],{"className":37,"code":136262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136264,136265,136269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136266,136267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136268,134137],{"class":50},[44,136270,136271,136273],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136272,131537],{"class":50},[44,136274,136275],{"class":34403},"WORLD\n",[20,136277,24558],{},[161,136279,136280,136285],{},[164,136281,136282,136284],{},[15,136283,123851],{}," returns the lowercase result",[164,136286,136287,136288,136290],{},"the original ",[15,136289,34659],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136292,136293],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136295,136297],{"className":37,"code":136296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136298,136299,136311,136325,136329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136300,136301,136303,136305,136307,136309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136302,34638],{"class":50},[44,136304,55],{"class":54},[44,136306,284],{"class":272},[44,136308,136023],{"class":276},[44,136310,3318],{"class":272},[44,136312,136313,136315,136317,136319,136321,136323],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136314,34638],{"class":50},[44,136316,55],{"class":54},[44,136318,42793],{"class":50},[44,136320,108],{"class":58},[44,136322,8587],{"class":111},[44,136324,8590],{"class":58},[44,136326,136327],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136328,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136330,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136332,128],{"class":127},[44,136334,115],{"class":58},[44,136336,34659],{"class":111},[44,136338,1476],{"class":58},[44,136340,136052],{"class":140},[30,136342,17368],{"id":17367},[20,136344,136345,21926,136347,108],{},[15,136346,123851],{},[214,136348,241],{},[20,136350,136351],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136353,136354],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136356,136358],{"className":37,"code":136357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136359,136360,136374,136378,136401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136361,136362,136365,136367,136369,136372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136363,136364],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136366,55],{"class":54},[44,136368,284],{"class":272},[44,136370,136371],{"class":276},"YES",[44,136373,3318],{"class":272},[44,136375,136376],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136377,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136379,136380,136382,136385,136387,136389,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136381,6944],{"class":3832},[44,136383,136384],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136386,108],{"class":58},[44,136388,8587],{"class":111},[44,136390,7313],{"class":58},[44,136392,6359],{"class":54},[44,136394,284],{"class":272},[44,136396,8605],{"class":276},[44,136398,273],{"class":272},[44,136400,6344],{"class":58},[44,136402,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136404,8017],{"class":127},[44,136406,115],{"class":58},[44,136408,273],{"class":272},[44,136410,96603],{"class":276},[44,136412,273],{"class":272},[44,136414,121],{"class":58},[20,136416,136417,136418,159],{},"This is especially useful with ",[394,136419,136420,136421,2259],{"href":8167},"the ",[15,136422,2917],{},[35,136424,136426],{"className":37,"code":136425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136427,136428,136447,136451,136473,136488,136494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136443,136445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136431,136364],{"class":50},[44,136433,55],{"class":54},[44,136435,8190],{"class":127},[44,136437,115],{"class":58},[44,136439,273],{"class":272},[44,136441,136442],{"class":276},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136444,273],{"class":272},[44,136446,121],{"class":58},[44,136448,136449],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136450,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136452,136453,136455,136457,136459,136461,136463,136465,136467,136469,136471],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136454,6944],{"class":3832},[44,136456,136384],{"class":50},[44,136458,108],{"class":58},[44,136460,8587],{"class":111},[44,136462,7313],{"class":58},[44,136464,6359],{"class":54},[44,136466,284],{"class":272},[44,136468,8605],{"class":276},[44,136470,273],{"class":272},[44,136472,6344],{"class":58},[44,136474,136475,136477,136479,136481,136484,136486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136476,8017],{"class":127},[44,136478,115],{"class":58},[44,136480,273],{"class":272},[44,136482,136483],{"class":276},"You typed yes",[44,136485,273],{"class":272},[44,136487,121],{"class":58},[44,136489,136490,136492],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,136491,27385],{"class":3832},[44,136493,6344],{"class":58},[44,136495,136496,136498,136500,136502,136505,136507],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,136497,8017],{"class":127},[44,136499,115],{"class":58},[44,136501,273],{"class":272},[44,136503,136504],{"class":276},"You typed something else",[44,136506,273],{"class":272},[44,136508,121],{"class":58},[30,136510,136512],{"id":136511},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136514,136515,136517],{},[15,136516,123851],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136519,7290],{},[161,136521,136522,136525,136528,136531],{},[164,136523,136524],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[164,136526,136527],{},"Make text matching easier",[164,136529,136530],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[164,136532,136533],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136535,136536],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136538,136540],{"className":37,"code":136539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136541,136542,136560,136564,136586,136601,136607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136543,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554,136556,136558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136545,44909],{"class":50},[44,136547,55],{"class":54},[44,136549,8190],{"class":127},[44,136551,115],{"class":58},[44,136553,273],{"class":272},[44,136555,44920],{"class":276},[44,136557,273],{"class":272},[44,136559,121],{"class":58},[44,136561,136562],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136563,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136565,136566,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136567,6944],{"class":3832},[44,136569,35803],{"class":50},[44,136571,108],{"class":58},[44,136573,8587],{"class":111},[44,136575,7313],{"class":58},[44,136577,6359],{"class":54},[44,136579,284],{"class":272},[44,136581,13060],{"class":276},[44,136583,273],{"class":272},[44,136585,6344],{"class":58},[44,136587,136588,136590,136592,136594,136597,136599],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136589,8017],{"class":127},[44,136591,115],{"class":58},[44,136593,273],{"class":272},[44,136595,136596],{"class":276},"Nice choice!",[44,136598,273],{"class":272},[44,136600,121],{"class":58},[44,136602,136603,136605],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,136604,27385],{"class":3832},[44,136606,6344],{"class":58},[44,136608,136609,136611,136613,136615,136618,136620],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,136610,8017],{"class":127},[44,136612,115],{"class":58},[44,136614,273],{"class":272},[44,136616,136617],{"class":276},"Got it.",[44,136619,273],{"class":272},[44,136621,121],{"class":58},[20,136623,136624],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136626,136628],{"className":37,"code":136627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136629,136630,136643,136647,136668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136633,89773],{"class":50},[44,136635,55],{"class":54},[44,136637,284],{"class":272},[44,136639,136640],{"class":276},"Python Is Fun",[44,136642,3318],{"class":272},[44,136644,136645],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136646,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136648,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659,136662,136664,136666],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136650,6944],{"class":3832},[44,136652,284],{"class":272},[44,136654,39],{"class":276},[44,136656,273],{"class":272},[44,136658,21124],{"class":54},[44,136660,136661],{"class":50}," message",[44,136663,108],{"class":58},[44,136665,8587],{"class":111},[44,136667,21546],{"class":58},[44,136669,136670,136672,136674,136676,136679,136681],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136671,8017],{"class":127},[44,136673,115],{"class":58},[44,136675,273],{"class":272},[44,136677,136678],{"class":276},"Found it",[44,136680,273],{"class":272},[44,136682,121],{"class":58},[20,136684,136685,136686,136688,136689,159],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136687,123851],{}," is often used with ",[394,136690,136692],{"href":136691},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136693,41605],{},[35,136695,136697],{"className":37,"code":136696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136698,136699,136712,136731,136735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136700,136701,136703,136705,136707,136710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136702,7824],{"class":50},[44,136704,55],{"class":54},[44,136706,284],{"class":272},[44,136708,136709],{"class":276},"  ALICE  ",[44,136711,3318],{"class":272},[44,136713,136714,136717,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136715,136716],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136718,55],{"class":54},[44,136720,35944],{"class":50},[44,136722,108],{"class":58},[44,136724,8581],{"class":111},[44,136726,8584],{"class":58},[44,136728,8587],{"class":111},[44,136730,8590],{"class":58},[44,136732,136733],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136734,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136736,136737,136739,136741,136744,136746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136738,128],{"class":127},[44,136740,115],{"class":58},[44,136742,136743],{"class":111},"clean_name",[44,136745,1476],{"class":58},[44,136747,136748],{"class":140},"  # alice\n",[30,136750,15545],{"id":15544},[20,136752,136753,136754,136757],{},"Strings are ",[214,136755,136756],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136759,136760,136761,136763],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136762,123851],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136765,136766,136767,136769],{},"So this does ",[214,136768,4583],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136771,136773],{"className":37,"code":136772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136774,136775,136787,136797,136801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136776,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136778,34638],{"class":50},[44,136780,55],{"class":54},[44,136782,284],{"class":272},[44,136784,136145],{"class":276},[44,136786,3318],{"class":272},[44,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136790,34659],{"class":50},[44,136792,108],{"class":58},[44,136794,8587],{"class":111},[44,136796,8590],{"class":58},[44,136798,136799],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136800,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136804,128],{"class":127},[44,136806,115],{"class":58},[44,136808,34659],{"class":111},[44,136810,1476],{"class":58},[44,136812,136813],{"class":140},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136815,136816],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136818,136820],{"className":37,"code":136819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136821,136822,136834,136848,136852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136825,34638],{"class":50},[44,136827,55],{"class":54},[44,136829,284],{"class":272},[44,136831,136145],{"class":276},[44,136833,3318],{"class":272},[44,136835,136836,136838,136840,136842,136844,136846],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136837,34638],{"class":50},[44,136839,55],{"class":54},[44,136841,42793],{"class":50},[44,136843,108],{"class":58},[44,136845,8587],{"class":111},[44,136847,8590],{"class":58},[44,136849,136850],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136851,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,136853,136854,136856,136858,136860,136862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136855,128],{"class":127},[44,136857,115],{"class":58},[44,136859,34659],{"class":111},[44,136861,1476],{"class":58},[44,136863,136157],{"class":140},[30,136865,2788],{"id":2787},[420,136867,25638],{"id":25637},[20,136869,136870,136871,11042,136873,108],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136872,8587],{},[15,136874,123851],{},[20,136876,16593],{},[35,136878,136880],{"className":37,"code":136879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136881,136882,136894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136883,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136885,34638],{"class":50},[44,136887,55],{"class":54},[44,136889,284],{"class":272},[44,136891,136145],{"class":276},[44,136893,3318],{"class":272},[44,136895,136896,136898,136900,136902,136904,136906],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136897,128],{"class":127},[44,136899,115],{"class":58},[44,136901,34659],{"class":111},[44,136903,108],{"class":58},[44,136905,8587],{"class":1492},[44,136907,121],{"class":58},[20,136909,136910],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136912,16605],{},[35,136914,136916],{"className":37,"code":136915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136917,136918,136930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136919,136920,136922,136924,136926,136928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136921,34638],{"class":50},[44,136923,55],{"class":54},[44,136925,284],{"class":272},[44,136927,136145],{"class":276},[44,136929,3318],{"class":272},[44,136931,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940,136942],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136933,128],{"class":127},[44,136935,115],{"class":58},[44,136937,34659],{"class":111},[44,136939,108],{"class":58},[44,136941,8587],{"class":111},[44,136943,7141],{"class":58},[420,136945,136947],{"id":136946},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136949,136950],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136952,16593],{},[35,136954,136956],{"className":37,"code":136955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136957,136958,136970,136980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136959,136960,136962,136964,136966,136968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136961,34638],{"class":50},[44,136963,55],{"class":54},[44,136965,284],{"class":272},[44,136967,136145],{"class":276},[44,136969,3318],{"class":272},[44,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,136973,34659],{"class":50},[44,136975,108],{"class":58},[44,136977,8587],{"class":111},[44,136979,8590],{"class":58},[44,136981,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,136983,128],{"class":127},[44,136985,115],{"class":58},[44,136987,34659],{"class":111},[44,136989,1476],{"class":58},[44,136991,136992],{"class":140},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136994,16605],{},[35,136996,136998],{"className":37,"code":136997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136999,137000,137012,137026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137001,137002,137004,137006,137008,137010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137003,34638],{"class":50},[44,137005,55],{"class":54},[44,137007,284],{"class":272},[44,137009,136145],{"class":276},[44,137011,3318],{"class":272},[44,137013,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022,137024],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137015,34638],{"class":50},[44,137017,55],{"class":54},[44,137019,42793],{"class":50},[44,137021,108],{"class":58},[44,137023,8587],{"class":111},[44,137025,8590],{"class":58},[44,137027,137028,137030,137032,137034,137036],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137029,128],{"class":127},[44,137031,115],{"class":58},[44,137033,34659],{"class":111},[44,137035,1476],{"class":58},[44,137037,136157],{"class":140},[420,137039,582,137041,137043],{"id":137040},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137042,123851],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137045,137046,137048],{},[15,137047,123851],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137050,16593],{},[35,137052,137054],{"className":37,"code":137053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137055,137056,137064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137057,137058,137060,137062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137059,2174],{"class":50},[44,137061,55],{"class":54},[44,137063,124803],{"class":62},[44,137065,137066,137068,137070,137072,137074,137076],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137067,128],{"class":127},[44,137069,115],{"class":58},[44,137071,2196],{"class":111},[44,137073,108],{"class":58},[44,137075,8587],{"class":111},[44,137077,7141],{"class":58},[20,137079,137080,137081,33550],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137082,123851],{},[20,137084,137085],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,137087,137089],{"className":37,"code":137088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137090,137091,137103,137107,137121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137092,137093,137095,137097,137099,137101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137094,34638],{"class":50},[44,137096,55],{"class":54},[44,137098,284],{"class":272},[44,137100,136145],{"class":276},[44,137102,3318],{"class":272},[44,137104,137105],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137106,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137108,137109,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137110,128],{"class":127},[44,137112,115],{"class":58},[44,137114,1459],{"class":1458},[44,137116,115],{"class":58},[44,137118,34659],{"class":111},[44,137120,637],{"class":58},[44,137122,137123,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137124,128],{"class":127},[44,137126,115],{"class":58},[44,137128,34659],{"class":111},[44,137130,108],{"class":58},[44,137132,8587],{"class":111},[44,137134,7141],{"class":58},[420,137136,137138],{"id":137137},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137140,137141],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137143,137145],{"className":37,"code":137144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137146,137147,137160,137164,137181,137196,137202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137148,137149,137151,137153,137155,137158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137150,136364],{"class":50},[44,137152,55],{"class":54},[44,137154,284],{"class":272},[44,137156,137157],{"class":276},"Yes",[44,137159,3318],{"class":272},[44,137161,137162],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137163,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137165,137166,137168,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137167,6944],{"class":3832},[44,137169,137170],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137172,4641],{"class":54},[44,137174,284],{"class":272},[44,137176,8605],{"class":276},[44,137178,273],{"class":272},[44,137180,6344],{"class":58},[44,137182,137183,137185,137187,137189,137192,137194],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137184,8017],{"class":127},[44,137186,115],{"class":58},[44,137188,273],{"class":272},[44,137190,137191],{"class":276},"Match",[44,137193,273],{"class":272},[44,137195,121],{"class":58},[44,137197,137198,137200],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,137199,27385],{"class":3832},[44,137201,6344],{"class":58},[44,137203,137204,137206,137208,137210,137213,137215],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,137205,8017],{"class":127},[44,137207,115],{"class":58},[44,137209,273],{"class":272},[44,137211,137212],{"class":276},"No match",[44,137214,273],{"class":272},[44,137216,121],{"class":58},[20,137218,29012,137219,398,137222,137225,137226,108],{},[15,137220,137221],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137223,137224],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137227,137212],{},[20,137229,137230],{},"Better:",[35,137232,137234],{"className":37,"code":137233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137235,137236,137248,137252,137274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137237,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137239,136364],{"class":50},[44,137241,55],{"class":54},[44,137243,284],{"class":272},[44,137245,137157],{"class":276},[44,137247,3318],{"class":272},[44,137249,137250],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137251,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137253,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270,137272],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137255,6944],{"class":3832},[44,137257,136384],{"class":50},[44,137259,108],{"class":58},[44,137261,8587],{"class":111},[44,137263,7313],{"class":58},[44,137265,6359],{"class":54},[44,137267,284],{"class":272},[44,137269,8605],{"class":276},[44,137271,273],{"class":272},[44,137273,6344],{"class":58},[44,137275,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137277,8017],{"class":127},[44,137279,115],{"class":58},[44,137281,273],{"class":272},[44,137283,137191],{"class":276},[44,137285,273],{"class":272},[44,137287,121],{"class":58},[420,137289,44164,137291,137294],{"id":137290},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137292,137293],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137296,137297,137298,137300],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137299,123851],{}," is enough.",[20,137302,137303,137304,137306,137307,108],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137305,137293],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137308,123851],{},[20,137310,137311,137312,122363],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137313,123851],{},[30,137315,137317,408,137319],{"id":137316},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137318,123851],{},[15,137320,127999],{},[20,137322,137323,398,137325,137327],{},[15,137324,123851],{},[15,137326,127999],{}," are very similar.",[161,137329,137330,137335,137340,137343],{},[164,137331,137332,137334],{},[15,137333,123851],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[164,137336,137337,137339],{},[15,137338,127999],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[164,137341,137342],{},"Both return new strings",[164,137344,137345],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137347,2164],{},[35,137349,137351],{"className":37,"code":137350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137352,137353,137365,137369,137385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137354,137355,137357,137359,137361,137363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137356,34638],{"class":50},[44,137358,55],{"class":54},[44,137360,284],{"class":272},[44,137362,128840],{"class":276},[44,137364,3318],{"class":272},[44,137366,137367],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137368,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137370,137371,137373,137375,137377,137379,137381,137383],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137372,128],{"class":127},[44,137374,115],{"class":58},[44,137376,34659],{"class":111},[44,137378,108],{"class":58},[44,137380,8587],{"class":111},[44,137382,136154],{"class":58},[44,137384,136052],{"class":140},[44,137386,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137388,128],{"class":127},[44,137390,115],{"class":58},[44,137392,34659],{"class":111},[44,137394,108],{"class":58},[44,137396,34428],{"class":111},[44,137398,136154],{"class":58},[44,137400,137401],{"class":140},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137403,137404,137405,108],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[394,137406,126121,137408,574],{"href":137407},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137409,127999],{},[30,137411,1757],{"id":1756},[420,137413,1761,137415,124448],{"id":137414},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137416,123851],{},[20,137418,137419],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[420,137421,1761,137423,137425],{"id":137422},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137424,123851],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137427,137428,137429,108],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137430,137431],{},"string.lower()",[420,137433,5096,137435,12666],{"id":137434},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137436,123851],{},[20,137438,137439],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[420,137441,1790,137443,137445],{"id":137442},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137444,123851],{}," on user input?",[20,137447,137448,137449,137451],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137450,2917],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[420,137453,1773,137455,398,137457,1778],{"id":137454},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137456,123851],{},[15,137458,137293],{},[20,137460,137461,137463,137464,137466],{},[15,137462,123851],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137465,137293],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137468,1821],{"id":1820},[161,137470,137471,137475,137481,137487,137493,137497,137501,137507],{},[164,137472,137473],{},[394,137474,50927],{"href":50926},[164,137476,137477],{},[394,137478,126121,137479,574],{"href":137407},[15,137480,127999],{},[164,137482,137483],{},[394,137484,126121,137485,574],{"href":136691},[15,137486,41605],{},[164,137488,137489],{},[394,137490,126121,137491,574],{"href":129702},[15,137492,124292],{},[164,137494,137495],{},[394,137496,124520],{"href":123376},[164,137498,137499],{},[394,137500,90449],{"href":89458},[164,137502,137503],{},[394,137504,3536,137505,3469],{"href":8167},[15,137506,2917],{},[164,137508,137509],{},[394,137510,137511],{"href":136092},"What is a string in Python?",[1872,137513,137514],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":137516},[137517,137519,137520,137521,137522,137523,137524,137533,137535,137547],{"id":136062,"depth":75,"text":137518},"What lower() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":136511,"depth":75,"text":136512},{"id":15544,"depth":75,"text":15545},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":137525},[137526,137527,137528,137530,137531],{"id":25637,"depth":95,"text":25638},{"id":136946,"depth":95,"text":136947},{"id":137040,"depth":95,"text":137529},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137137,"depth":95,"text":137138},{"id":137290,"depth":95,"text":137532},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137316,"depth":75,"text":137534},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":137536},[137537,137539,137541,137543,137545],{"id":137414,"depth":95,"text":137538},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137422,"depth":95,"text":137540},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137434,"depth":95,"text":137542},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137442,"depth":95,"text":137544},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137454,"depth":95,"text":137546},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135979,"description":137548},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137555,"title":137556,"body":137557,"description":139107,"extension":1921,"meta":139108,"navigation":98,"path":139109,"seo":139110,"stem":139111,"__hash__":139112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137558,"toc":139068},[137559,137564,137569,137575,137590,137592,137652,137654,137663,137669,137674,137679,137681,137695,137699,137701,137748,137750,137768,137770,137773,137844,137846,137860,137863,137875,137884,137888,137893,137898,137902,137968,137970,137979,137983,138048,138050,138059,138062,138067,138071,138076,138080,138141,138143,138152,138156,138159,138215,138217,138226,138229,138242,138244,138248,138255,138317,138319,138332,138338,138341,138348,138353,138358,138361,138369,138371,138432,138434,138443,138446,138493,138496,138543,138545,138550,138567,138574,138579,138632,138634,138642,138644,138701,138703,138711,138715,138762,138764,138772,138780,138784,138832,138834,138843,138848,138899,138901,138910,138917,138920,138941,138943,138948,138951,138955,138958,138962,138965,138992,138998,139001,139028,139033,139035,139037,139065],[10,137560,123121,137562,18],{"id":137561},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137563,124292],{},[20,137565,123126,137566,137568],{},[15,137567,124292],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137570,137571,137572,137574],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137573,124292],{},". You will learn:",[161,137576,137577,137581,137584,137587],{},[164,137578,25970,137579,154],{},[15,137580,124292],{},[164,137582,137583],{},"how its syntax works",[164,137585,137586],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[164,137588,137589],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137591,33],{"id":32},[35,137593,137595],{"className":37,"code":137594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137596,137597,137610,137642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137598,137599,137601,137603,137605,137608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137600,34638],{"class":50},[44,137602,55],{"class":54},[44,137604,284],{"class":272},[44,137606,137607],{"class":276},"I like cats",[44,137609,3318],{"class":272},[44,137611,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137629,137631,137633,137635,137638,137640],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137613,129960],{"class":50},[44,137615,55],{"class":54},[44,137617,42793],{"class":50},[44,137619,108],{"class":58},[44,137621,34950],{"class":111},[44,137623,115],{"class":58},[44,137625,273],{"class":272},[44,137627,137628],{"class":276},"cats",[44,137630,273],{"class":272},[44,137632,66],{"class":58},[44,137634,284],{"class":272},[44,137636,137637],{"class":276},"dogs",[44,137639,273],{"class":272},[44,137641,121],{"class":58},[44,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137645,128],{"class":127},[44,137647,115],{"class":58},[44,137649,129991],{"class":111},[44,137651,121],{"class":58},[20,137653,2028],{},[35,137655,137657],{"className":37,"code":137656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137658,137659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137660,137661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137662,137656],{"class":50},[20,137664,144,137665,137668],{},[15,137666,137667],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137670,151,137672,154],{"id":137671},"what-replace-does",[15,137673,124292],{},[20,137675,137676,137678],{},[15,137677,124292],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137680,13002],{},[161,137682,137683,137685,137687,137690],{},[164,137684,133369],{},[164,137686,136087],{},[164,137688,137689],{},"It works on exact matches",[164,137691,137692,137693],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137694,41211],{},[20,137696,124873,137697,108],{},[394,137698,124876],{"href":50926},[30,137700,5385],{"id":5384},[35,137702,137704],{"className":37,"code":137703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137705,137706,137726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137707,137708,137710,137712,137714,137716,137719,137721,137724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137709,241],{"class":50},[44,137711,108],{"class":58},[44,137713,34950],{"class":111},[44,137715,115],{"class":58},[44,137717,137718],{"class":111},"old",[44,137720,66],{"class":58},[44,137722,137723],{"class":111}," new",[44,137725,121],{"class":58},[44,137727,137728,137730,137732,137734,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744,137746],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137729,241],{"class":50},[44,137731,108],{"class":58},[44,137733,34950],{"class":111},[44,137735,115],{"class":58},[44,137737,137718],{"class":111},[44,137739,66],{"class":58},[44,137741,137723],{"class":111},[44,137743,66],{"class":58},[44,137745,49552],{"class":111},[44,137747,121],{"class":58},[420,137749,17344],{"id":17343},[161,137751,137752,137757,137763],{},[164,137753,137754,137756],{},[15,137755,137718],{}," = the text to find",[164,137758,137759,137762],{},[15,137760,137761],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[164,137764,137765,137767],{},[15,137766,41211],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137769,5738],{"id":5737},[20,137771,137772],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137774,137776],{"className":37,"code":137775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137777,137778,137790,137820,137824,137834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137781,34638],{"class":50},[44,137783,55],{"class":54},[44,137785,284],{"class":272},[44,137787,137607],{"class":276},[44,137789,3318],{"class":272},[44,137791,137792,137794,137796,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137793,129960],{"class":50},[44,137795,55],{"class":54},[44,137797,42793],{"class":50},[44,137799,108],{"class":58},[44,137801,34950],{"class":111},[44,137803,115],{"class":58},[44,137805,273],{"class":272},[44,137807,137628],{"class":276},[44,137809,273],{"class":272},[44,137811,66],{"class":58},[44,137813,284],{"class":272},[44,137815,137637],{"class":276},[44,137817,273],{"class":272},[44,137819,121],{"class":58},[44,137821,137822],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137823,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137825,137826,137828,137830,137832],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137827,128],{"class":127},[44,137829,115],{"class":58},[44,137831,34659],{"class":111},[44,137833,121],{"class":58},[44,137835,137836,137838,137840,137842],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,137837,128],{"class":127},[44,137839,115],{"class":58},[44,137841,129991],{"class":111},[44,137843,121],{"class":58},[20,137845,2028],{},[35,137847,137849],{"className":37,"code":137848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137850,137851,137856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137852,137853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137854,137855],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137857,137858],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137859,137656],{"class":50},[20,137861,137862],{},"Notice what happened:",[161,137864,137865,137870],{},[164,137866,137867,137869],{},[15,137868,34659],{}," did not change",[164,137871,137872,137874],{},[15,137873,129991],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137876,137877,137878,137880,137881,137883],{},"This happens because strings are ",[214,137879,136756],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137882,124292],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,137885,137887],{"id":137886},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137889,89467,137890,137892],{},[15,137891,124292],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137894,137895,137896,36571],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137897,41211],{},[420,137899,137901],{"id":137900},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137903,137905],{"className":37,"code":137904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137906,137907,137920,137954,137958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137908,137909,137911,137913,137915,137918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137910,34638],{"class":50},[44,137912,55],{"class":54},[44,137914,284],{"class":272},[44,137916,137917],{"class":276},"cat cat cat",[44,137919,3318],{"class":272},[44,137921,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946,137948,137950,137952],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,137923,911],{"class":50},[44,137925,55],{"class":54},[44,137927,42793],{"class":50},[44,137929,108],{"class":58},[44,137931,34950],{"class":111},[44,137933,115],{"class":58},[44,137935,273],{"class":272},[44,137937,36997],{"class":276},[44,137939,273],{"class":272},[44,137941,66],{"class":58},[44,137943,284],{"class":272},[44,137945,58050],{"class":276},[44,137947,273],{"class":272},[44,137949,66],{"class":58},[44,137951,5450],{"class":62},[44,137953,121],{"class":58},[44,137955,137956],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,137957,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,137959,137960,137962,137964,137966],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137961,128],{"class":127},[44,137963,115],{"class":58},[44,137965,943],{"class":111},[44,137967,121],{"class":58},[20,137969,2028],{},[35,137971,137973],{"className":37,"code":137972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137974,137975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137976,137977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137978,137972],{"class":50},[420,137980,137982],{"id":137981},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137984,137986],{"className":37,"code":137985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137987,137988,138000,138034,138038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137989,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137991,34638],{"class":50},[44,137993,55],{"class":54},[44,137995,284],{"class":272},[44,137997,137917],{"class":276},[44,137999,3318],{"class":272},[44,138001,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020,138022,138024,138026,138028,138030,138032],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138003,911],{"class":50},[44,138005,55],{"class":54},[44,138007,42793],{"class":50},[44,138009,108],{"class":58},[44,138011,34950],{"class":111},[44,138013,115],{"class":58},[44,138015,273],{"class":272},[44,138017,36997],{"class":276},[44,138019,273],{"class":272},[44,138021,66],{"class":58},[44,138023,284],{"class":272},[44,138025,58050],{"class":276},[44,138027,273],{"class":272},[44,138029,66],{"class":58},[44,138031,69],{"class":62},[44,138033,121],{"class":58},[44,138035,138036],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138037,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,138039,138040,138042,138044,138046],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138041,128],{"class":127},[44,138043,115],{"class":58},[44,138045,943],{"class":111},[44,138047,121],{"class":58},[20,138049,2028],{},[35,138051,138053],{"className":37,"code":138052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138054,138055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138056,138057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138058,138052],{"class":50},[20,138060,138061],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138063,138064,138065,108],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[394,138066,127845],{"href":124289},[30,138068,138070],{"id":138069},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138072,138073,138075],{},[15,138074,124292],{}," can also change single characters.",[420,138077,138079],{"id":138078},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,138081,138083],{"className":37,"code":138082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138084,138085,138097,138127,138131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138086,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138088,34638],{"class":50},[44,138090,55],{"class":54},[44,138092,284],{"class":272},[44,138094,287],{"class":276},[44,138096,3318],{"class":272},[44,138098,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138100,911],{"class":50},[44,138102,55],{"class":54},[44,138104,42793],{"class":50},[44,138106,108],{"class":58},[44,138108,34950],{"class":111},[44,138110,115],{"class":58},[44,138112,273],{"class":272},[44,138114,394],{"class":276},[44,138116,273],{"class":272},[44,138118,66],{"class":58},[44,138120,284],{"class":272},[44,138122,60396],{"class":276},[44,138124,273],{"class":272},[44,138126,121],{"class":58},[44,138128,138129],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138130,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,138132,138133,138135,138137,138139],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138134,128],{"class":127},[44,138136,115],{"class":58},[44,138138,943],{"class":111},[44,138140,121],{"class":58},[20,138142,2028],{},[35,138144,138146],{"className":37,"code":138145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138147,138148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138149,138150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138151,138145],{"class":50},[420,138153,138155],{"id":138154},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138157,138158],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138160,138162],{"className":37,"code":138161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138163,138164,138177,138201,138205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138165,138166,138168,138170,138172,138175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138167,34638],{"class":50},[44,138169,55],{"class":54},[44,138171,284],{"class":272},[44,138173,138174],{"class":276},"a b c",[44,138176,3318],{"class":272},[44,138178,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138180,911],{"class":50},[44,138182,55],{"class":54},[44,138184,42793],{"class":50},[44,138186,108],{"class":58},[44,138188,34950],{"class":111},[44,138190,115],{"class":58},[44,138192,273],{"class":272},[44,138194,284],{"class":272},[44,138196,66],{"class":58},[44,138198,6078],{"class":272},[44,138200,121],{"class":58},[44,138202,138203],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138204,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,138206,138207,138209,138211,138213],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138208,128],{"class":127},[44,138210,115],{"class":58},[44,138212,943],{"class":111},[44,138214,121],{"class":58},[20,138216,2028],{},[35,138218,138220],{"className":37,"code":138219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138221,138222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138223,138224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138225,138219],{"class":50},[20,138227,138228],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138230,138231,138232,138236,138237,138241],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[394,138233,126121,138234,574],{"href":128808},[15,138235,60454],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[394,138238,126121,138239,574],{"href":136691},[15,138240,41605],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138243,123768],{"id":123767},[20,138245,138246,123579],{},[15,138247,124292],{},[20,138249,127166,138250,398,138252,127173],{},[15,138251,112805],{},[15,138253,138254],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138256,138258],{"className":37,"code":138257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138259,138260,138273,138303,138307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138261,138262,138264,138266,138268,138271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138263,34638],{"class":50},[44,138265,55],{"class":54},[44,138267,284],{"class":272},[44,138269,138270],{"class":276},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138272,3318],{"class":272},[44,138274,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138276,911],{"class":50},[44,138278,55],{"class":54},[44,138280,42793],{"class":50},[44,138282,108],{"class":58},[44,138284,34950],{"class":111},[44,138286,115],{"class":58},[44,138288,273],{"class":272},[44,138290,36997],{"class":276},[44,138292,273],{"class":272},[44,138294,66],{"class":58},[44,138296,284],{"class":272},[44,138298,58050],{"class":276},[44,138300,273],{"class":272},[44,138302,121],{"class":58},[44,138304,138305],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138306,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138310,128],{"class":127},[44,138312,115],{"class":58},[44,138314,943],{"class":111},[44,138316,121],{"class":58},[20,138318,2028],{},[35,138320,138322],{"className":37,"code":138321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138323,138324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138325,138326,138329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138327,138328],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138330,138331],{"class":34403},"CAT\n",[20,138333,138334,138335,138337],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138336,112805],{}," was replaced.",[20,138339,138340],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138342,138343,138344,108],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[394,138345,126121,138346,574],{"href":123848},[15,138347,123851],{},[30,138349,151,138351,11655],{"id":138350},"what-replace-returns",[15,138352,124292],{},[20,138354,138355,138357],{},[15,138356,124292],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138359,138360],{},"If no match is found:",[161,138362,138363,138366],{},[164,138364,138365],{},"no error happens",[164,138367,138368],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138370,2164],{},[35,138372,138374],{"className":37,"code":138373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138375,138376,138388,138418,138422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138377,138378,138380,138382,138384,138386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138379,34638],{"class":50},[44,138381,55],{"class":54},[44,138383,284],{"class":272},[44,138385,1262],{"class":276},[44,138387,3318],{"class":272},[44,138389,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138391,911],{"class":50},[44,138393,55],{"class":54},[44,138395,42793],{"class":50},[44,138397,108],{"class":58},[44,138399,34950],{"class":111},[44,138401,115],{"class":58},[44,138403,273],{"class":272},[44,138405,2130],{"class":276},[44,138407,273],{"class":272},[44,138409,66],{"class":58},[44,138411,284],{"class":272},[44,138413,11695],{"class":276},[44,138415,273],{"class":272},[44,138417,121],{"class":58},[44,138419,138420],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138421,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,138423,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138425,128],{"class":127},[44,138427,115],{"class":58},[44,138429,943],{"class":111},[44,138431,121],{"class":58},[20,138433,2028],{},[35,138435,138437],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138438,138439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138440,138441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138442,138436],{"class":50},[20,138444,138445],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138447,138449],{"className":37,"code":138448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138450,138451,138463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138452,138453,138455,138457,138459,138461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138454,34638],{"class":50},[44,138456,55],{"class":54},[44,138458,284],{"class":272},[44,138460,60329],{"class":276},[44,138462,3318],{"class":272},[44,138464,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138466,129960],{"class":50},[44,138468,55],{"class":54},[44,138470,42793],{"class":50},[44,138472,108],{"class":58},[44,138474,34950],{"class":111},[44,138476,115],{"class":58},[44,138478,273],{"class":272},[44,138480,1282],{"class":276},[44,138482,273],{"class":272},[44,138484,66],{"class":58},[44,138486,284],{"class":272},[44,138488,7244],{"class":276},[44,138490,273],{"class":272},[44,138492,121],{"class":58},[20,138494,138495],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138497,138499],{"className":37,"code":138498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138500,138501,138513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138502,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138504,34638],{"class":50},[44,138506,55],{"class":54},[44,138508,284],{"class":272},[44,138510,60329],{"class":276},[44,138512,3318],{"class":272},[44,138514,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138516,34638],{"class":50},[44,138518,55],{"class":54},[44,138520,42793],{"class":50},[44,138522,108],{"class":58},[44,138524,34950],{"class":111},[44,138526,115],{"class":58},[44,138528,273],{"class":272},[44,138530,1282],{"class":276},[44,138532,273],{"class":272},[44,138534,66],{"class":58},[44,138536,284],{"class":272},[44,138538,7244],{"class":276},[44,138540,273],{"class":272},[44,138542,121],{"class":58},[30,138544,1083],{"id":1082},[20,138546,138547,138548,159],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138549,124292],{},[161,138551,138552,138555,138559,138562],{},[164,138553,138554],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[164,138556,8399,138557,131341],{},[15,138558,124292],{},[164,138560,138561],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[164,138563,37154,138564,138566],{},[15,138565,124292],{}," with regex-based replacements",[420,138568,138570,138571,138573],{"id":138569},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138572,124292],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138575,138576,138577,159],{},"This does not update ",[15,138578,34659],{},[35,138580,138582],{"className":37,"code":138581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138583,138584,138596,138622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138585,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138587,34638],{"class":50},[44,138589,55],{"class":54},[44,138591,284],{"class":272},[44,138593,137607],{"class":276},[44,138595,3318],{"class":272},[44,138597,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138599,34659],{"class":50},[44,138601,108],{"class":58},[44,138603,34950],{"class":111},[44,138605,115],{"class":58},[44,138607,273],{"class":272},[44,138609,137628],{"class":276},[44,138611,273],{"class":272},[44,138613,66],{"class":58},[44,138615,284],{"class":272},[44,138617,137637],{"class":276},[44,138619,273],{"class":272},[44,138621,121],{"class":58},[44,138623,138624,138626,138628,138630],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138625,128],{"class":127},[44,138627,115],{"class":58},[44,138629,34659],{"class":111},[44,138631,121],{"class":58},[20,138633,2028],{},[35,138635,138636],{"className":37,"code":137855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138637,138638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138639,138640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138641,137855],{"class":50},[20,138643,10757],{},[35,138645,138647],{"className":37,"code":138646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138648,138649,138661,138691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138650,138651,138653,138655,138657,138659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138652,34638],{"class":50},[44,138654,55],{"class":54},[44,138656,284],{"class":272},[44,138658,137607],{"class":276},[44,138660,3318],{"class":272},[44,138662,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138664,34638],{"class":50},[44,138666,55],{"class":54},[44,138668,42793],{"class":50},[44,138670,108],{"class":58},[44,138672,34950],{"class":111},[44,138674,115],{"class":58},[44,138676,273],{"class":272},[44,138678,137628],{"class":276},[44,138680,273],{"class":272},[44,138682,66],{"class":58},[44,138684,284],{"class":272},[44,138686,137637],{"class":276},[44,138688,273],{"class":272},[44,138690,121],{"class":58},[44,138692,138693,138695,138697,138699],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,138694,128],{"class":127},[44,138696,115],{"class":58},[44,138698,34659],{"class":111},[44,138700,121],{"class":58},[20,138702,2028],{},[35,138704,138705],{"className":37,"code":137656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138706,138707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138708,138709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138710,137656],{"class":50},[420,138712,138714],{"id":138713},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138716,138718],{"className":37,"code":138717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138719,138720,138732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138721,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138723,34638],{"class":50},[44,138725,55],{"class":54},[44,138727,284],{"class":272},[44,138729,34818],{"class":276},[44,138731,3318],{"class":272},[44,138733,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756,138758,138760],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138735,128],{"class":127},[44,138737,115],{"class":58},[44,138739,34659],{"class":111},[44,138741,108],{"class":58},[44,138743,34950],{"class":111},[44,138745,115],{"class":58},[44,138747,273],{"class":272},[44,138749,1262],{"class":276},[44,138751,273],{"class":272},[44,138753,66],{"class":58},[44,138755,284],{"class":272},[44,138757,89702],{"class":276},[44,138759,273],{"class":272},[44,138761,637],{"class":58},[20,138763,2028],{},[35,138765,138766],{"className":37,"code":88715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138767,138768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138769,138770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138771,88715],{"class":50},[20,138773,138774,138775,398,138777,138779],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138776,64300],{},[15,138778,90184],{}," are not the same.",[420,138781,138783],{"id":138782},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138785,138787],{"className":37,"code":138786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138788,138789,138802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138790,138791,138793,138795,138797,138800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138792,34638],{"class":50},[44,138794,55],{"class":54},[44,138796,284],{"class":272},[44,138798,138799],{"class":276},"red red red",[44,138801,3318],{"class":272},[44,138803,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138805,128],{"class":127},[44,138807,115],{"class":58},[44,138809,34659],{"class":111},[44,138811,108],{"class":58},[44,138813,34950],{"class":111},[44,138815,115],{"class":58},[44,138817,273],{"class":272},[44,138819,13043],{"class":276},[44,138821,273],{"class":272},[44,138823,66],{"class":58},[44,138825,284],{"class":272},[44,138827,13060],{"class":276},[44,138829,273],{"class":272},[44,138831,637],{"class":58},[20,138833,2028],{},[35,138835,138837],{"className":37,"code":138836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138838,138839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138840,138841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138842,138836],{"class":50},[20,138844,138845,138846,159],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138847,41211],{},[35,138849,138851],{"className":37,"code":138850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138852,138853,138865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138854,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138856,34638],{"class":50},[44,138858,55],{"class":54},[44,138860,284],{"class":272},[44,138862,138799],{"class":276},[44,138864,3318],{"class":272},[44,138866,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891,138893,138895,138897],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,138868,128],{"class":127},[44,138870,115],{"class":58},[44,138872,34659],{"class":111},[44,138874,108],{"class":58},[44,138876,34950],{"class":111},[44,138878,115],{"class":58},[44,138880,273],{"class":272},[44,138882,13043],{"class":276},[44,138884,273],{"class":272},[44,138886,66],{"class":58},[44,138888,284],{"class":272},[44,138890,13060],{"class":276},[44,138892,273],{"class":272},[44,138894,66],{"class":58},[44,138896,5450],{"class":62},[44,138898,637],{"class":58},[20,138900,2028],{},[35,138902,138904],{"className":37,"code":138903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138905,138906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138907,138908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138909,138903],{"class":50},[420,138911,138913,138914,138916],{"id":138912},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138915,124292],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138918,138919],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[161,138921,138922,138929,138936],{},[164,138923,144,138924,138928],{},[394,138925,138926],{"href":128808},[15,138927,60454],{}," to break a string into a list",[164,138930,144,138931,138935],{},[394,138932,138933],{"href":136691},[15,138934,41605],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[164,138937,144,138938,138940],{},[15,138939,124292],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,138942,1757],{"id":1756},[420,138944,1761,138946,124448],{"id":138945},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138947,124292],{},[20,138949,138950],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[420,138952,138954],{"id":138953},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138956,138957],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[420,138959,138961],{"id":138960},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138963,138964],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138966,138968],{"className":37,"code":138967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138969,138970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138973,34659],{"class":50},[44,138975,108],{"class":58},[44,138977,34950],{"class":111},[44,138979,115],{"class":58},[44,138981,137718],{"class":111},[44,138983,66],{"class":58},[44,138985,137723],{"class":111},[44,138987,66],{"class":58},[44,138989,5450],{"class":62},[44,138991,121],{"class":58},[420,138993,5124,138995,138997],{"id":138994},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138996,124292],{}," remove text?",[20,138999,139000],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,139002,139004],{"className":37,"code":139003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139005,139006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139007,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022,139024,139026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139009,34659],{"class":50},[44,139011,108],{"class":58},[44,139013,34950],{"class":111},[44,139015,115],{"class":58},[44,139017,273],{"class":272},[44,139019,2130],{"class":276},[44,139021,273],{"class":272},[44,139023,66],{"class":58},[44,139025,6078],{"class":272},[44,139027,121],{"class":58},[420,139029,14851,139031,124457],{"id":139030},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139032,124292],{},[20,139034,129650],{},[30,139036,1821],{"id":1820},[161,139038,139039,139043,139049,139055,139061],{},[164,139040,139041],{},[394,139042,124527],{"href":124289},[164,139044,139045],{},[394,139046,126121,139047,574],{"href":128808},[15,139048,60454],{},[164,139050,139051],{},[394,139052,126121,139053,574],{"href":136691},[15,139054,41605],{},[164,139056,139057],{},[394,139058,126121,139059,574],{"href":123848},[15,139060,123851],{},[164,139062,139063],{},[394,139064,124876],{"href":50926},[1872,139066,139067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":139069},[139070,139071,139073,139076,139077,139081,139085,139086,139088,139096,139106],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":137671,"depth":75,"text":139072},"What replace() does",{"id":5384,"depth":75,"text":5385,"children":139074},[139075],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":5737,"depth":75,"text":5738},{"id":137886,"depth":75,"text":137887,"children":139078},[139079,139080],{"id":137900,"depth":95,"text":137901},{"id":137981,"depth":95,"text":137982},{"id":138069,"depth":75,"text":138070,"children":139082},[139083,139084],{"id":138078,"depth":95,"text":138079},{"id":138154,"depth":95,"text":138155},{"id":123767,"depth":75,"text":123768},{"id":138350,"depth":75,"text":139087},"What replace() returns",{"id":1082,"depth":75,"text":1083,"children":139089},[139090,139092,139093,139094],{"id":138569,"depth":95,"text":139091},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138713,"depth":95,"text":138714},{"id":138782,"depth":95,"text":138783},{"id":138912,"depth":95,"text":139095},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":139097},[139098,139100,139101,139102,139104],{"id":138945,"depth":95,"text":139099},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138953,"depth":95,"text":138954},{"id":138960,"depth":95,"text":138961},{"id":138994,"depth":95,"text":139103},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139030,"depth":95,"text":139105},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137556,"description":139107},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139114,"title":139115,"body":139116,"description":141135,"extension":1921,"meta":141136,"navigation":98,"path":141137,"seo":141138,"stem":141139,"__hash__":141140},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139117,"toc":141099},[139118,139123,139128,139131,139142,139144,139199,139204,139209,139216,139218,139233,139235,139291,139293,139331,139336,139338,139362,139365,139378,139383,139385,139417,139419,139452,139458,139463,139466,139476,139479,139481,139537,139539,139589,139592,139600,139603,139659,139661,139734,139747,139755,139759,139770,139773,139776,139829,139831,139863,139866,139920,139922,139957,139960,139965,139970,139975,139978,139980,140038,140040,140074,140076,140091,140094,140096,140138,140140,140166,140171,140179,140182,140184,140266,140268,140319,140322,140333,140341,140343,140416,140418,140436,140440,140443,140447,140474,140476,140484,140488,140523,140525,140538,140542,140545,140584,140586,140603,140608,140613,140624,140627,140638,140640,140642,140668,140671,140720,140722,140739,140742,140744,140796,140798,140830,140833,140891,140896,140898,140903,141006,141008,141022,141024,141031,141036,141041,141046,141051,141056,141059,141063,141068,141070,141096],[10,139119,123121,139121,18],{"id":139120},"python-string-split-method",[15,139122,60454],{},[20,139124,123126,139125,139127],{},[15,139126,60454],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139129,139130],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[161,139132,139133,139136,139139],{},[164,139134,139135],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[164,139137,139138],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[164,139140,139141],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139143,33],{"id":32},[35,139145,139147],{"className":37,"code":139146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139148,139149,139162,139184,139194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139150,139151,139153,139155,139157,139160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139152,34638],{"class":50},[44,139154,55],{"class":54},[44,139156,284],{"class":272},[44,139158,139159],{"class":276},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139161,3318],{"class":272},[44,139163,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139165,42788],{"class":50},[44,139167,55],{"class":54},[44,139169,42793],{"class":50},[44,139171,108],{"class":58},[44,139173,34419],{"class":111},[44,139175,115],{"class":58},[44,139177,273],{"class":272},[44,139179,66],{"class":276},[44,139181,273],{"class":272},[44,139183,121],{"class":58},[44,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139187,128],{"class":127},[44,139189,115],{"class":58},[44,139191,42820],{"class":111},[44,139193,121],{"class":58},[44,139195,139196],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139197,139198],{"class":140},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139200,144,139201,139203],{},[15,139202,60454],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139205,151,139207,154],{"id":139206},"what-split-does",[15,139208,60454],{},[20,139210,139211,132169,139213,108],{},[15,139212,60454],{},[214,139214,139215],{},"string method",[20,139217,48878],{},[161,139219,139220,139223,139228],{},[164,139221,139222],{},"divides a string into parts",[164,139224,119423,139225],{},[214,139226,139227],{},"new list of strings",[164,139229,119429,139230,139232],{},[214,139231,4583],{}," change the original string",[20,139234,2164],{},[35,139236,139238],{"className":37,"code":139237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139239,139240,139253,139267,139271,139281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139241,139242,139244,139246,139248,139251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139243,34638],{"class":50},[44,139245,55],{"class":54},[44,139247,284],{"class":272},[44,139249,139250],{"class":276},"red blue green",[44,139252,3318],{"class":272},[44,139254,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139256,42788],{"class":50},[44,139258,55],{"class":54},[44,139260,42793],{"class":50},[44,139262,108],{"class":58},[44,139264,34419],{"class":111},[44,139266,8590],{"class":58},[44,139268,139269],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139270,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,139272,139273,139275,139277,139279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139274,128],{"class":127},[44,139276,115],{"class":58},[44,139278,34659],{"class":111},[44,139280,121],{"class":58},[44,139282,139283,139285,139287,139289],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,139284,128],{"class":127},[44,139286,115],{"class":58},[44,139288,42820],{"class":111},[44,139290,121],{"class":58},[20,139292,2028],{},[35,139294,139296],{"className":37,"code":139295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139297,139298,139303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139299,139300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139301,139302],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139304,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139306,3856],{"class":58},[44,139308,3259],{"class":272},[44,139310,13043],{"class":276},[44,139312,3259],{"class":272},[44,139314,66],{"class":58},[44,139316,3254],{"class":272},[44,139318,13060],{"class":276},[44,139320,3259],{"class":272},[44,139322,66],{"class":58},[44,139324,3254],{"class":272},[44,139326,17405],{"class":276},[44,139328,3259],{"class":272},[44,139330,72],{"class":58},[20,139332,139333,139334,108],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[394,139335,124876],{"href":50926},[30,139337,188],{"id":187},[35,139339,139341],{"className":37,"code":139340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139342,139343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139344,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139346,241],{"class":50},[44,139348,108],{"class":58},[44,139350,34419],{"class":111},[44,139352,115],{"class":58},[44,139354,133525],{"class":111},[44,139356,66],{"class":58},[44,139358,139359],{"class":111}," maxsplit",[44,139361,121],{"class":58},[20,139363,139364],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[161,139366,139367,139372],{},[164,139368,139369,139371],{},[15,139370,133525],{}," tells Python where to split",[164,139373,139374,139377],{},[15,139375,139376],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139379,8823,139380,139382],{},[15,139381,133525],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139384,2164],{},[35,139386,139388],{"className":37,"code":139387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139389,139390,139403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139391,139392,139394,139396,139398,139401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139393,34638],{"class":50},[44,139395,55],{"class":54},[44,139397,284],{"class":272},[44,139399,139400],{"class":276},"one two three",[44,139402,3318],{"class":272},[44,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139406,128],{"class":127},[44,139408,115],{"class":58},[44,139410,34659],{"class":111},[44,139412,108],{"class":58},[44,139414,34419],{"class":111},[44,139416,7141],{"class":58},[20,139418,2028],{},[35,139420,139422],{"className":37,"code":139421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139423,139424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139425,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139427,3856],{"class":58},[44,139429,3259],{"class":272},[44,139431,6532],{"class":276},[44,139433,3259],{"class":272},[44,139435,66],{"class":58},[44,139437,3254],{"class":272},[44,139439,79037],{"class":276},[44,139441,3259],{"class":272},[44,139443,66],{"class":58},[44,139445,3254],{"class":272},[44,139447,134007],{"class":276},[44,139449,3259],{"class":272},[44,139451,72],{"class":58},[30,139453,582,139455,139457],{"id":139454},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139456,60454],{}," with no separator",[20,139459,69940,139460,139462],{},[15,139461,60454],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139464,139465],{},"Whitespace includes:",[161,139467,139468,139470,139473],{},[164,139469,10402],{},[164,139471,139472],{},"tabs",[164,139474,139475],{},"new lines",[20,139477,139478],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139480,2164],{},[35,139482,139484],{"className":37,"code":139483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139485,139486,139509,139523,139527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139487,139488,139490,139492,139494,139497,139500,139502,139504,139507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139489,34638],{"class":50},[44,139491,55],{"class":54},[44,139493,284],{"class":272},[44,139495,139496],{"class":276},"Python   is",[44,139498,139499],{"class":34403},"\\t",[44,139501,133261],{"class":276},[44,139503,86919],{"class":34403},[44,139505,139506],{"class":276},"and useful",[44,139508,3318],{"class":272},[44,139510,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139512,42788],{"class":50},[44,139514,55],{"class":54},[44,139516,42793],{"class":50},[44,139518,108],{"class":58},[44,139520,34419],{"class":111},[44,139522,8590],{"class":58},[44,139524,139525],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139526,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,139528,139529,139531,139533,139535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139530,128],{"class":127},[44,139532,115],{"class":58},[44,139534,42820],{"class":111},[44,139536,121],{"class":58},[20,139538,2028],{},[35,139540,139542],{"className":37,"code":139541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139543,139544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139585,139587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139547,3856],{"class":58},[44,139549,3259],{"class":272},[44,139551,7244],{"class":276},[44,139553,3259],{"class":272},[44,139555,66],{"class":58},[44,139557,3254],{"class":272},[44,139559,12144],{"class":276},[44,139561,3259],{"class":272},[44,139563,66],{"class":58},[44,139565,3254],{"class":272},[44,139567,133261],{"class":276},[44,139569,3259],{"class":272},[44,139571,66],{"class":58},[44,139573,3254],{"class":272},[44,139575,129886],{"class":276},[44,139577,3259],{"class":272},[44,139579,66],{"class":58},[44,139581,3254],{"class":272},[44,139583,139584],{"class":276},"useful",[44,139586,3259],{"class":272},[44,139588,72],{"class":58},[20,139590,139591],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[420,139593,139595,408,139597],{"id":139594},"split-vs-split",[15,139596,60454],{},[15,139598,139599],{},"split(' ')",[20,139601,139602],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139604,139606],{"className":37,"code":139605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139607,139608,139621,139625,139639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139609,139610,139612,139614,139616,139619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139611,34638],{"class":50},[44,139613,55],{"class":54},[44,139615,284],{"class":272},[44,139617,139618],{"class":276},"a  b   c",[44,139620,3318],{"class":272},[44,139622,139623],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139624,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139628,128],{"class":127},[44,139630,115],{"class":58},[44,139632,34659],{"class":111},[44,139634,108],{"class":58},[44,139636,34419],{"class":111},[44,139638,7141],{"class":58},[44,139640,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653,139655,139657],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139642,128],{"class":127},[44,139644,115],{"class":58},[44,139646,34659],{"class":111},[44,139648,108],{"class":58},[44,139650,34419],{"class":111},[44,139652,115],{"class":58},[44,139654,273],{"class":272},[44,139656,284],{"class":272},[44,139658,637],{"class":58},[20,139660,2028],{},[35,139662,139664],{"className":37,"code":139663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139665,139666,139694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139667,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139669,3856],{"class":58},[44,139671,3259],{"class":272},[44,139673,394],{"class":276},[44,139675,3259],{"class":272},[44,139677,66],{"class":58},[44,139679,3254],{"class":272},[44,139681,4714],{"class":276},[44,139683,3259],{"class":272},[44,139685,66],{"class":58},[44,139687,3254],{"class":272},[44,139689,9689],{"class":276},[44,139691,3259],{"class":272},[44,139693,72],{"class":58},[44,139695,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139697,3856],{"class":58},[44,139699,3259],{"class":272},[44,139701,394],{"class":276},[44,139703,3259],{"class":272},[44,139705,66],{"class":58},[44,139707,3795],{"class":272},[44,139709,66],{"class":58},[44,139711,3254],{"class":272},[44,139713,4714],{"class":276},[44,139715,3259],{"class":272},[44,139717,66],{"class":58},[44,139719,3795],{"class":272},[44,139721,66],{"class":58},[44,139723,3795],{"class":272},[44,139725,66],{"class":58},[44,139727,3254],{"class":272},[44,139729,9689],{"class":276},[44,139731,3259],{"class":272},[44,139733,72],{"class":58},[161,139735,139736,139741],{},[164,139737,139738,139740],{},[15,139739,60454],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[164,139742,139743,139746],{},[15,139744,139745],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139748,139749,139750,139754],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[394,139751,126121,139752,574],{"href":136691},[15,139753,41605],{}," is often useful.",[30,139756,139758],{"id":139757},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139760,139761,139762,798,139765,2149,139767,108],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139763,139764],{},"\",\"",[15,139766,133360],{},[15,139768,139769],{},"\"::\"",[20,139771,139772],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139774,139775],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139777,139779],{"className":37,"code":139778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139780,139781,139793,139815,139819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139782,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139784,34638],{"class":50},[44,139786,55],{"class":54},[44,139788,284],{"class":272},[44,139790,139159],{"class":276},[44,139792,3318],{"class":272},[44,139794,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139796,42788],{"class":50},[44,139798,55],{"class":54},[44,139800,42793],{"class":50},[44,139802,108],{"class":58},[44,139804,34419],{"class":111},[44,139806,115],{"class":58},[44,139808,273],{"class":272},[44,139810,66],{"class":276},[44,139812,273],{"class":272},[44,139814,121],{"class":58},[44,139816,139817],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139818,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139822,128],{"class":127},[44,139824,115],{"class":58},[44,139826,42820],{"class":111},[44,139828,121],{"class":58},[20,139830,2028],{},[35,139832,139833],{"className":37,"code":78216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139834,139835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139836,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139838,3856],{"class":58},[44,139840,3259],{"class":272},[44,139842,277],{"class":276},[44,139844,3259],{"class":272},[44,139846,66],{"class":58},[44,139848,3254],{"class":272},[44,139850,287],{"class":276},[44,139852,3259],{"class":272},[44,139854,66],{"class":58},[44,139856,3254],{"class":272},[44,139858,4051],{"class":276},[44,139860,3259],{"class":272},[44,139862,72],{"class":58},[20,139864,139865],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139867,139869],{"className":37,"code":139868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139870,139871,139884,139906,139910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139872,139873,139875,139877,139879,139882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139874,34638],{"class":50},[44,139876,55],{"class":54},[44,139878,284],{"class":272},[44,139880,139881],{"class":276},"2024::10::31",[44,139883,3318],{"class":272},[44,139885,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,139887,42788],{"class":50},[44,139889,55],{"class":54},[44,139891,42793],{"class":50},[44,139893,108],{"class":58},[44,139895,34419],{"class":111},[44,139897,115],{"class":58},[44,139899,273],{"class":272},[44,139901,76433],{"class":276},[44,139903,273],{"class":272},[44,139905,121],{"class":58},[44,139907,139908],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,139909,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,139911,139912,139914,139916,139918],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139913,128],{"class":127},[44,139915,115],{"class":58},[44,139917,42820],{"class":111},[44,139919,121],{"class":58},[20,139921,2028],{},[35,139923,139925],{"className":37,"code":139924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139926,139927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139928,139929,139931,139933,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139953,139955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139930,3856],{"class":58},[44,139932,3259],{"class":272},[44,139934,139935],{"class":276},"2024",[44,139937,3259],{"class":272},[44,139939,66],{"class":58},[44,139941,3254],{"class":272},[44,139943,2287],{"class":276},[44,139945,3259],{"class":272},[44,139947,66],{"class":58},[44,139949,3254],{"class":272},[44,139951,139952],{"class":276},"31",[44,139954,3259],{"class":272},[44,139956,72],{"class":58},[20,139958,139959],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139961,139962,139963,108],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[394,139964,128805],{"href":128804},[30,139966,582,139968],{"id":139967},"using-maxsplit",[15,139969,139376],{},[20,139971,139972,139974],{},[15,139973,139376],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139976,139977],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139979,2164],{},[35,139981,139983],{"className":37,"code":139982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139984,139985,139998,140024,140028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139988,34638],{"class":50},[44,139990,55],{"class":54},[44,139992,284],{"class":272},[44,139994,139995],{"class":276},"name:age:city:country",[44,139997,3318],{"class":272},[44,139999,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140001,42788],{"class":50},[44,140003,55],{"class":54},[44,140005,42793],{"class":50},[44,140007,108],{"class":58},[44,140009,34419],{"class":111},[44,140011,115],{"class":58},[44,140013,273],{"class":272},[44,140015,159],{"class":276},[44,140017,273],{"class":272},[44,140019,66],{"class":58},[44,140021,69],{"class":62},[44,140023,121],{"class":58},[44,140025,140026],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140027,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140029,140030,140032,140034,140036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140031,128],{"class":127},[44,140033,115],{"class":58},[44,140035,42820],{"class":111},[44,140037,121],{"class":58},[20,140039,2028],{},[35,140041,140043],{"className":37,"code":140042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140044,140045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140070,140072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140048,3856],{"class":58},[44,140050,3259],{"class":272},[44,140052,7616],{"class":276},[44,140054,3259],{"class":272},[44,140056,66],{"class":58},[44,140058,3254],{"class":272},[44,140060,9248],{"class":276},[44,140062,3259],{"class":272},[44,140064,66],{"class":58},[44,140066,3254],{"class":272},[44,140068,140069],{"class":276},"city:country",[44,140071,3259],{"class":272},[44,140073,72],{"class":58},[20,140075,2135],{},[161,140077,140078,140083,140088],{},[164,140079,140080,140081],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140082,159],{},[164,140084,140085,140086],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140087,159],{},[164,140089,140090],{},"then stops",[20,140092,140093],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140095,52029],{},[35,140097,140099],{"className":37,"code":140098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140100,140101,140114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140102,140103,140105,140107,140109,140112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140104,34638],{"class":50},[44,140106,55],{"class":54},[44,140108,284],{"class":272},[44,140110,140111],{"class":276},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,140113,3318],{"class":272},[44,140115,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140117,128],{"class":127},[44,140119,115],{"class":58},[44,140121,34659],{"class":111},[44,140123,108],{"class":58},[44,140125,34419],{"class":111},[44,140127,115],{"class":58},[44,140129,273],{"class":272},[44,140131,284],{"class":272},[44,140133,66],{"class":58},[44,140135,5450],{"class":62},[44,140137,637],{"class":58},[20,140139,2028],{},[35,140141,140143],{"className":37,"code":140142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140144,140145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140146,140147,140149,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140162,140164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140148,3856],{"class":58},[44,140150,3259],{"class":272},[44,140152,277],{"class":276},[44,140154,3259],{"class":272},[44,140156,66],{"class":58},[44,140158,3254],{"class":272},[44,140160,140161],{"class":276},"banana cherry grape",[44,140163,3259],{"class":272},[44,140165,72],{"class":58},[30,140167,151,140169,11655],{"id":140168},"what-split-returns",[15,140170,60454],{},[20,140172,140173,140174,140176,140177,108],{},"The result of ",[15,140175,60454],{}," is always a ",[214,140178,226],{},[20,140180,140181],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140183,2164],{},[35,140185,140187],{"className":37,"code":140186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140188,140189,140202,140224,140228,140238,140252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140190,140191,140193,140195,140197,140200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140192,34638],{"class":50},[44,140194,55],{"class":54},[44,140196,284],{"class":272},[44,140198,140199],{"class":276},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140201,3318],{"class":272},[44,140203,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140205,42788],{"class":50},[44,140207,55],{"class":54},[44,140209,42793],{"class":50},[44,140211,108],{"class":58},[44,140213,34419],{"class":111},[44,140215,115],{"class":58},[44,140217,273],{"class":272},[44,140219,66],{"class":276},[44,140221,273],{"class":272},[44,140223,121],{"class":58},[44,140225,140226],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140227,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140229,140230,140232,140234,140236],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140231,128],{"class":127},[44,140233,115],{"class":58},[44,140235,42820],{"class":111},[44,140237,121],{"class":58},[44,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,140241,128],{"class":127},[44,140243,115],{"class":58},[44,140245,1459],{"class":1458},[44,140247,115],{"class":58},[44,140249,42820],{"class":111},[44,140251,637],{"class":58},[44,140253,140254,140256,140258,140260,140262,140264],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,140255,128],{"class":127},[44,140257,115],{"class":58},[44,140259,42820],{"class":111},[44,140261,3856],{"class":58},[44,140263,746],{"class":62},[44,140265,466],{"class":58},[20,140267,2028],{},[35,140269,140271],{"className":37,"code":140270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140272,140273,140301,140315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140274,140275,140277,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140276,3856],{"class":58},[44,140278,3259],{"class":272},[44,140280,36997],{"class":276},[44,140282,3259],{"class":272},[44,140284,66],{"class":58},[44,140286,3254],{"class":272},[44,140288,58050],{"class":276},[44,140290,3259],{"class":272},[44,140292,66],{"class":58},[44,140294,3254],{"class":272},[44,140296,58067],{"class":276},[44,140298,3259],{"class":272},[44,140300,72],{"class":58},[44,140302,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140304,3248],{"class":54},[44,140306,3251],{"class":2022},[44,140308,3254],{"class":272},[44,140310,226],{"class":276},[44,140312,3259],{"class":272},[44,140314,3262],{"class":54},[44,140316,140317],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140318,85235],{"class":50},[20,140320,140321],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[161,140323,140324,140327,140330],{},[164,140325,140326],{},"loop over it",[164,140328,140329],{},"access items by index",[164,140331,140332],{},"combine items again later",[20,140334,140335,140336,108],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[394,140337,126121,140339,574],{"href":140338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140340,133203],{},[20,140342,2164],{},[35,140344,140346],{"className":37,"code":140345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140347,140348,140380,140402,140406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140349,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140351,42788],{"class":50},[44,140353,55],{"class":54},[44,140355,59],{"class":58},[44,140357,3259],{"class":272},[44,140359,36997],{"class":276},[44,140361,3259],{"class":272},[44,140363,66],{"class":58},[44,140365,3254],{"class":272},[44,140367,58050],{"class":276},[44,140369,3259],{"class":272},[44,140371,66],{"class":58},[44,140373,3254],{"class":272},[44,140375,58067],{"class":276},[44,140377,3259],{"class":272},[44,140379,72],{"class":58},[44,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140383,34638],{"class":50},[44,140385,55],{"class":54},[44,140387,284],{"class":272},[44,140389,1980],{"class":276},[44,140391,273],{"class":272},[44,140393,108],{"class":58},[44,140395,133280],{"class":111},[44,140397,115],{"class":58},[44,140399,42820],{"class":111},[44,140401,121],{"class":58},[44,140403,140404],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140405,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140407,140408,140410,140412,140414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140409,128],{"class":127},[44,140411,115],{"class":58},[44,140413,34659],{"class":111},[44,140415,121],{"class":58},[20,140417,2028],{},[35,140419,140421],{"className":37,"code":140420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140422,140423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140424,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140426,36997],{"class":50},[44,140428,1980],{"class":54},[44,140430,58050],{"class":50},[44,140432,1980],{"class":54},[44,140434,140435],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140437,140439],{"id":140438},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140441,140442],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[420,140444,140446],{"id":140445},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140448,140450],{"className":37,"code":140449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140451,140452,140460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140453,140454,140456,140458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140455,34638],{"class":50},[44,140457,55],{"class":54},[44,140459,7829],{"class":272},[44,140461,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140463,128],{"class":127},[44,140465,115],{"class":58},[44,140467,34659],{"class":111},[44,140469,108],{"class":58},[44,140471,34419],{"class":111},[44,140473,7141],{"class":58},[20,140475,2028],{},[35,140477,140478],{"className":37,"code":38248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140479,140480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140481,140482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140483,38248],{"class":58},[420,140485,140487],{"id":140486},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140489,140491],{"className":37,"code":140490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140492,140493,140501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140494,140495,140497,140499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140496,34638],{"class":50},[44,140498,55],{"class":54},[44,140500,7829],{"class":272},[44,140502,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140504,128],{"class":127},[44,140506,115],{"class":58},[44,140508,34659],{"class":111},[44,140510,108],{"class":58},[44,140512,34419],{"class":111},[44,140514,115],{"class":58},[44,140516,273],{"class":272},[44,140518,66],{"class":276},[44,140520,273],{"class":272},[44,140522,637],{"class":58},[20,140524,2028],{},[35,140526,140528],{"className":37,"code":140527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140529,140530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140531,140532,140534,140536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140533,3856],{"class":58},[44,140535,3731],{"class":272},[44,140537,72],{"class":58},[420,140539,140541],{"id":140540},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140543,140544],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140546,140548],{"className":37,"code":140547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140549,140550,140562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140551,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140553,34638],{"class":50},[44,140555,55],{"class":54},[44,140557,284],{"class":272},[44,140559,1262],{"class":276},[44,140561,3318],{"class":272},[44,140563,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140565,128],{"class":127},[44,140567,115],{"class":58},[44,140569,34659],{"class":111},[44,140571,108],{"class":58},[44,140573,34419],{"class":111},[44,140575,115],{"class":58},[44,140577,273],{"class":272},[44,140579,66],{"class":276},[44,140581,273],{"class":272},[44,140583,637],{"class":58},[20,140585,2028],{},[35,140587,140589],{"className":37,"code":140588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140590,140591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140592,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140594,3856],{"class":58},[44,140596,3259],{"class":272},[44,140598,1262],{"class":276},[44,140600,3259],{"class":272},[44,140602,72],{"class":58},[30,140604,1638,140606],{"id":140605},"when-to-use-split",[15,140607,60454],{},[20,140609,144,140610,140612],{},[15,140611,60454],{}," when you need to:",[161,140614,140615,140618,140621],{},[164,140616,140617],{},"split a sentence into words",[164,140619,140620],{},"split comma-separated values",[164,140622,140623],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140625,140626],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[161,140628,140629,140632,140635],{},[164,140630,140631],{},"cleaning text",[164,140633,140634],{},"parsing user input",[164,140636,140637],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140639,2788],{"id":2787},[20,140641,84006],{},[161,140643,140644,140648,140654,140657,140665],{},[164,140645,50456,140646,131341],{},[15,140647,60454],{},[164,140649,140650,140651,140653],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140652,60454],{}," returns a list, not a string",[164,140655,140656],{},"using the wrong separator",[164,140658,140659,140660,140662,140663],{},"assuming ",[15,140661,139599],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140664,60454],{},[164,140666,140667],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140669,140670],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140672,140674],{"className":37,"code":140673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140675,140676,140688,140706,140710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140677,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140679,34638],{"class":50},[44,140681,55],{"class":54},[44,140683,284],{"class":272},[44,140685,42781],{"class":276},[44,140687,3318],{"class":272},[44,140689,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140691,34659],{"class":50},[44,140693,108],{"class":58},[44,140695,34419],{"class":111},[44,140697,115],{"class":58},[44,140699,273],{"class":272},[44,140701,66],{"class":276},[44,140703,273],{"class":272},[44,140705,121],{"class":58},[44,140707,140708],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140709,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140711,140712,140714,140716,140718],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140713,128],{"class":127},[44,140715,115],{"class":58},[44,140717,34659],{"class":111},[44,140719,121],{"class":58},[20,140721,2028],{},[35,140723,140725],{"className":37,"code":140724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140726,140727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140728,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140730,394],{"class":50},[44,140732,66],{"class":58},[44,140734,4714],{"class":50},[44,140736,66],{"class":58},[44,140738,69012],{"class":50},[20,140740,140741],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140743,10757],{},[35,140745,140746],{"className":37,"code":42768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140747,140748,140760,140782,140786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140749,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140751,34638],{"class":50},[44,140753,55],{"class":54},[44,140755,284],{"class":272},[44,140757,42781],{"class":276},[44,140759,3318],{"class":272},[44,140761,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140763,42788],{"class":50},[44,140765,55],{"class":54},[44,140767,42793],{"class":50},[44,140769,108],{"class":58},[44,140771,34419],{"class":111},[44,140773,115],{"class":58},[44,140775,273],{"class":272},[44,140777,66],{"class":276},[44,140779,273],{"class":272},[44,140781,121],{"class":58},[44,140783,140784],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140785,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140787,140788,140790,140792,140794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140789,128],{"class":127},[44,140791,115],{"class":58},[44,140793,42820],{"class":111},[44,140795,121],{"class":58},[20,140797,2028],{},[35,140799,140800],{"className":37,"code":42827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140801,140802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140803,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140805,3856],{"class":58},[44,140807,3259],{"class":272},[44,140809,394],{"class":276},[44,140811,3259],{"class":272},[44,140813,66],{"class":58},[44,140815,3254],{"class":272},[44,140817,4714],{"class":276},[44,140819,3259],{"class":272},[44,140821,66],{"class":58},[44,140823,3254],{"class":272},[44,140825,9689],{"class":276},[44,140827,3259],{"class":272},[44,140829,72],{"class":58},[20,140831,140832],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140834,140836],{"className":37,"code":140835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140837,140838,140851,140873,140877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140839,140840,140842,140844,140846,140849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140841,34638],{"class":50},[44,140843,55],{"class":54},[44,140845,284],{"class":272},[44,140847,140848],{"class":276},"apple,banana",[44,140850,3318],{"class":272},[44,140852,140853,140855,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140854,42788],{"class":50},[44,140856,55],{"class":54},[44,140858,42793],{"class":50},[44,140860,108],{"class":58},[44,140862,34419],{"class":111},[44,140864,115],{"class":58},[44,140866,273],{"class":272},[44,140868,66],{"class":276},[44,140870,273],{"class":272},[44,140872,121],{"class":58},[44,140874,140875],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140876,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,140878,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140880,128],{"class":127},[44,140882,115],{"class":58},[44,140884,42820],{"class":111},[44,140886,3856],{"class":58},[44,140888,801],{"class":62},[44,140890,466],{"class":58},[20,140892,140893,140894,108],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[394,140895,69025],{"href":69024},[420,140897,60632],{"id":60631},[20,140899,8823,140900,140902],{},[15,140901,60454],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140904,140906],{"className":37,"code":140905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140907,140908,140918,140932,140954,140980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140909,140910,140912,140914,140916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140911,128],{"class":127},[44,140913,115],{"class":58},[44,140915,34659],{"class":111},[44,140917,121],{"class":58},[44,140919,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,140921,128],{"class":127},[44,140923,115],{"class":58},[44,140925,34659],{"class":111},[44,140927,108],{"class":58},[44,140929,34419],{"class":111},[44,140931,7141],{"class":58},[44,140933,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,140935,128],{"class":127},[44,140937,115],{"class":58},[44,140939,34659],{"class":111},[44,140941,108],{"class":58},[44,140943,34419],{"class":111},[44,140945,115],{"class":58},[44,140947,3259],{"class":272},[44,140949,66],{"class":276},[44,140951,3259],{"class":272},[44,140953,637],{"class":58},[44,140955,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140957,128],{"class":127},[44,140959,115],{"class":58},[44,140961,11112],{"class":127},[44,140963,115],{"class":58},[44,140965,34659],{"class":111},[44,140967,108],{"class":58},[44,140969,34419],{"class":111},[44,140971,115],{"class":58},[44,140973,3259],{"class":272},[44,140975,66],{"class":276},[44,140977,3259],{"class":272},[44,140979,2871],{"class":58},[44,140981,140982,140984,140986,140988,140990,140992,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002,141004],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,140983,128],{"class":127},[44,140985,115],{"class":58},[44,140987,1459],{"class":1458},[44,140989,115],{"class":58},[44,140991,34659],{"class":111},[44,140993,108],{"class":58},[44,140995,34419],{"class":111},[44,140997,115],{"class":58},[44,140999,3259],{"class":272},[44,141001,66],{"class":276},[44,141003,3259],{"class":272},[44,141005,2871],{"class":58},[20,141007,11121],{},[161,141009,141010,141013,141016,141019],{},[164,141011,141012],{},"what the original string looks like",[164,141014,141015],{},"which separator works",[164,141017,141018],{},"how many items were created",[164,141020,141021],{},"that the result is a list",[30,141023,1757],{"id":1756},[420,141025,1773,141027,398,141029,1778],{"id":141026},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141028,60454],{},[15,141030,139599],{},[20,141032,141033,141035],{},[15,141034,60454],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141037,141038,141040],{},[15,141039,139599],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[420,141042,1761,141044,124448],{"id":141043},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141045,60454],{},[20,141047,141048,141049,56405],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141050,60454],{},[420,141052,5096,141054,39911],{"id":141053},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141055,139376],{},[20,141057,141058],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[420,141060,141062],{"id":141061},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141064,29012,141065,141067],{},[15,141066,60454],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,141069,1821],{"id":1820},[161,141071,141072,141076,141082,141088,141092],{},[164,141073,141074],{},[394,141075,129726],{"href":128804},[164,141077,141078],{},[394,141079,126121,141080,574],{"href":140338},[15,141081,133203],{},[164,141083,141084],{},[394,141085,126121,141086,574],{"href":136691},[15,141087,41605],{},[164,141089,141090],{},[394,141091,124876],{"href":50926},[164,141093,141094],{},[394,141095,69025],{"href":69024},[1872,141097,141098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":141100},[141101,141102,141104,141105,141110,141111,141113,141115,141120,141122,141125,141134],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":139206,"depth":75,"text":141103},"What split() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":139454,"depth":75,"text":141106,"children":141107},"Using split() with no separator",[141108],{"id":139594,"depth":95,"text":141109},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139757,"depth":75,"text":139758},{"id":139967,"depth":75,"text":141112},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140168,"depth":75,"text":141114},"What split() returns",{"id":140438,"depth":75,"text":140439,"children":141116},[141117,141118,141119],{"id":140445,"depth":95,"text":140446},{"id":140486,"depth":95,"text":140487},{"id":140540,"depth":95,"text":140541},{"id":140605,"depth":75,"text":141121},"When to use split()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":141123},[141124],{"id":60631,"depth":95,"text":60632},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":141126},[141127,141129,141131,141133],{"id":141026,"depth":95,"text":141128},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141043,"depth":95,"text":141130},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141053,"depth":95,"text":141132},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141061,"depth":95,"text":141062},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139115,"description":141135},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141142,"title":141143,"body":141144,"description":143087,"extension":1921,"meta":143088,"navigation":98,"path":143089,"seo":143090,"stem":143091,"__hash__":143092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141145,"toc":143046},[141146,141151,141156,141163,141236,141241,141246,141251,141267,141269,141339,141341,141343,141363,141365,141410,141415,141417,141515,141520,141524,141529,141533,141536,141578,141582,141585,141630,141634,141637,141687,141691,141696,141748,141750,141755,141766,141771,141851,141853,141865,141874,141881,141896,141898,142013,142019,142023,142026,142031,142173,142176,142183,142185,142189,142197,142266,142272,142321,142326,142331,142333,142353,142355,142421,142423,142427,142430,142434,142475,142477,142510,142515,142518,142545,142547,142590,142597,142602,142612,142678,142682,142690,142695,142746,142750,142753,142755,142764,142766,142816,142818,142925,142927,142932,142939,142945,142948,142979,142984,142986,142993,143001,143010,143013,143015,143043],[10,141147,123121,141149,18],{"id":141148},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141150,127489],{},[20,141152,123126,141153,141155],{},[15,141154,127489],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141157,126187,141158,2837,141160,141162],{},[15,141159,3565],{},[15,141161,3633],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141164,141166],{"className":37,"code":141165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141167,141168,141181,141185,141210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141169,141170,141172,141174,141176,141179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141171,34638],{"class":50},[44,141173,55],{"class":54},[44,141175,284],{"class":272},[44,141177,141178],{"class":276},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141180,3318],{"class":272},[44,141182,141183],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141184,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,141186,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,141188,128],{"class":127},[44,141190,115],{"class":58},[44,141192,34659],{"class":111},[44,141194,108],{"class":58},[44,141196,141197],{"class":111},"startswith",[44,141199,115],{"class":58},[44,141201,273],{"class":272},[44,141203,7244],{"class":276},[44,141205,273],{"class":272},[44,141207,5315],{"class":58},[44,141209,43806],{"class":140},[44,141211,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226,141229,141231,141233],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141213,128],{"class":127},[44,141215,115],{"class":58},[44,141217,34659],{"class":111},[44,141219,108],{"class":58},[44,141221,141197],{"class":111},[44,141223,115],{"class":58},[44,141225,273],{"class":272},[44,141227,141228],{"class":276},"Beginner",[44,141230,273],{"class":272},[44,141232,5315],{"class":58},[44,141234,141235],{"class":140}," # False\n",[20,141237,144,141238,141240],{},[15,141239,127489],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141242,151,141244,154],{"id":141243},"what-startswith-does",[15,141245,127489],{},[20,141247,141248,141250],{},[15,141249,127489],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[161,141252,141253,141256,141262,141264],{},[164,141254,141255],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[164,141257,5102,141258,2837,141260],{},[15,141259,3565],{},[15,141261,3633],{},[164,141263,123264],{},[164,141265,141266],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141268,2164],{},[35,141270,141272],{"className":37,"code":141271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141273,141274,141286,141290,141315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141275,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141277,7824],{"class":50},[44,141279,55],{"class":54},[44,141281,284],{"class":272},[44,141283,7244],{"class":276},[44,141285,3318],{"class":272},[44,141287,141288],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141289,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,141291,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141309,141311,141313],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,141293,128],{"class":127},[44,141295,115],{"class":58},[44,141297,7616],{"class":111},[44,141299,108],{"class":58},[44,141301,141197],{"class":111},[44,141303,115],{"class":58},[44,141305,273],{"class":272},[44,141307,141308],{"class":276},"Py",[44,141310,273],{"class":272},[44,141312,5315],{"class":58},[44,141314,43806],{"class":140},[44,141316,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141318,128],{"class":127},[44,141320,115],{"class":58},[44,141322,7616],{"class":111},[44,141324,108],{"class":58},[44,141326,141197],{"class":111},[44,141328,115],{"class":58},[44,141330,273],{"class":272},[44,141332,128567],{"class":276},[44,141334,273],{"class":272},[44,141336,5315],{"class":58},[44,141338,43823],{"class":140},[30,141340,188],{"id":187},[20,141342,42336],{},[35,141344,141346],{"className":37,"code":141345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141347,141348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141349,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358,141361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141351,241],{"class":50},[44,141353,108],{"class":58},[44,141355,141197],{"class":111},[44,141357,115],{"class":58},[44,141359,141360],{"class":111},"prefix",[44,141362,121],{"class":58},[20,141364,30715],{},[35,141366,141368],{"className":37,"code":141367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141369,141370,141388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141371,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141373,241],{"class":50},[44,141375,108],{"class":58},[44,141377,141197],{"class":111},[44,141379,115],{"class":58},[44,141381,141360],{"class":111},[44,141383,66],{"class":58},[44,141385,36004],{"class":111},[44,141387,121],{"class":58},[44,141389,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406,141408],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141391,241],{"class":50},[44,141393,108],{"class":58},[44,141395,141197],{"class":111},[44,141397,115],{"class":58},[44,141399,141360],{"class":111},[44,141401,66],{"class":58},[44,141403,36004],{"class":111},[44,141405,66],{"class":58},[44,141407,64806],{"class":111},[44,141409,121],{"class":58},[20,141411,20721,141412,141414],{},[15,141413,141360],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141416,2164],{},[35,141418,141420],{"className":37,"code":141419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141421,141422,141434,141438,141463,141487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141423,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141425,34638],{"class":50},[44,141427,55],{"class":54},[44,141429,284],{"class":272},[44,141431,60329],{"class":276},[44,141433,3318],{"class":272},[44,141435,141436],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141437,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,141439,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,141441,128],{"class":127},[44,141443,115],{"class":58},[44,141445,34659],{"class":111},[44,141447,108],{"class":58},[44,141449,141197],{"class":111},[44,141451,115],{"class":58},[44,141453,273],{"class":272},[44,141455,1262],{"class":276},[44,141457,273],{"class":272},[44,141459,5315],{"class":58},[44,141461,141462],{"class":140},"      # True\n",[44,141464,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141466,128],{"class":127},[44,141468,115],{"class":58},[44,141470,34659],{"class":111},[44,141472,108],{"class":58},[44,141474,141197],{"class":111},[44,141476,115],{"class":58},[44,141478,273],{"class":272},[44,141480,1282],{"class":276},[44,141482,273],{"class":272},[44,141484,5315],{"class":58},[44,141486,21151],{"class":140},[44,141488,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,141490,128],{"class":127},[44,141492,115],{"class":58},[44,141494,34659],{"class":111},[44,141496,108],{"class":58},[44,141498,141197],{"class":111},[44,141500,115],{"class":58},[44,141502,273],{"class":272},[44,141504,1282],{"class":276},[44,141506,273],{"class":272},[44,141508,66],{"class":58},[44,141510,37594],{"class":62},[44,141512,5315],{"class":58},[44,141514,43806],{"class":140},[20,141516,141517,141518,108],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[394,141519,124876],{"href":50926},[30,141521,141523],{"id":141522},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141525,141526,141528],{},[15,141527,127489],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[420,141530,141531],{"id":141360},[15,141532,141360],{},[20,141534,141535],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141537,141539],{"className":37,"code":141538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141540,141541,141553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141542,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141544,34638],{"class":50},[44,141546,55],{"class":54},[44,141548,284],{"class":272},[44,141550,287],{"class":276},[44,141552,3318],{"class":272},[44,141554,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141572,141574,141576],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141556,128],{"class":127},[44,141558,115],{"class":58},[44,141560,34659],{"class":111},[44,141562,108],{"class":58},[44,141564,141197],{"class":111},[44,141566,115],{"class":58},[44,141568,273],{"class":272},[44,141570,141571],{"class":276},"ban",[44,141573,273],{"class":272},[44,141575,5315],{"class":58},[44,141577,3623],{"class":140},[420,141579,141580],{"id":36025},[15,141581,36025],{},[20,141583,141584],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141586,141588],{"className":37,"code":141587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141589,141590,141602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141591,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141593,34638],{"class":50},[44,141595,55],{"class":54},[44,141597,284],{"class":272},[44,141599,60329],{"class":276},[44,141601,3318],{"class":272},[44,141603,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141605,128],{"class":127},[44,141607,115],{"class":58},[44,141609,34659],{"class":111},[44,141611,108],{"class":58},[44,141613,141197],{"class":111},[44,141615,115],{"class":58},[44,141617,273],{"class":272},[44,141619,1282],{"class":276},[44,141621,273],{"class":272},[44,141623,66],{"class":58},[44,141625,37594],{"class":62},[44,141627,5315],{"class":58},[44,141629,3623],{"class":140},[420,141631,141632],{"id":52608},[15,141633,52608],{},[20,141635,141636],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141638,141640],{"className":37,"code":141639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141641,141642,141654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141643,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141645,34638],{"class":50},[44,141647,55],{"class":54},[44,141649,284],{"class":272},[44,141651,60329],{"class":276},[44,141653,3318],{"class":272},[44,141655,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141657,128],{"class":127},[44,141659,115],{"class":58},[44,141661,34659],{"class":111},[44,141663,108],{"class":58},[44,141665,141197],{"class":111},[44,141667,115],{"class":58},[44,141669,273],{"class":272},[44,141671,141672],{"class":276},"wor",[44,141674,273],{"class":272},[44,141676,66],{"class":58},[44,141678,37594],{"class":62},[44,141680,66],{"class":58},[44,141682,54073],{"class":62},[44,141684,5315],{"class":58},[44,141686,3623],{"class":140},[420,141688,141690],{"id":141689},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141692,141693,141695],{},[15,141694,141360],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141697,141699],{"className":37,"code":141698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141700,141701,141714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141702,141703,141705,141707,141709,141712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141704,126204],{"class":50},[44,141706,55],{"class":54},[44,141708,284],{"class":272},[44,141710,141711],{"class":276},"img_001.png",[44,141713,3318],{"class":272},[44,141715,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141733,141735,141737,141739,141742,141744,141746],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141717,128],{"class":127},[44,141719,115],{"class":58},[44,141721,126222],{"class":111},[44,141723,108],{"class":58},[44,141725,141197],{"class":111},[44,141727,628],{"class":58},[44,141729,273],{"class":272},[44,141731,141732],{"class":276},"img_",[44,141734,273],{"class":272},[44,141736,66],{"class":58},[44,141738,284],{"class":272},[44,141740,141741],{"class":276},"photo_",[44,141743,273],{"class":272},[44,141745,51041],{"class":58},[44,141747,3623],{"class":140},[30,141749,17368],{"id":17367},[20,141751,141752,141754],{},[15,141753,127489],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[161,141756,141757,141762],{},[164,141758,141759,141761],{},[15,141760,3565],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[164,141763,141764,126806],{},[15,141765,3633],{},[20,141767,141768,141769,7119],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141770,6944],{},[35,141772,141774],{"className":37,"code":141773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141775,141776,141790,141794,141815,141830,141836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141777,141778,141781,141783,141785,141788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141779,141780],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141782,55],{"class":54},[44,141784,284],{"class":272},[44,141786,141787],{"class":276},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141789,3318],{"class":272},[44,141791,141792],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141793,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,141795,141796,141798,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,141797,6944],{"class":3832},[44,141799,141800],{"class":50}," command",[44,141802,108],{"class":58},[44,141804,141197],{"class":111},[44,141806,115],{"class":58},[44,141808,273],{"class":272},[44,141810,127013],{"class":276},[44,141812,273],{"class":272},[44,141814,8288],{"class":58},[44,141816,141817,141819,141821,141823,141826,141828],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141818,8017],{"class":127},[44,141820,115],{"class":58},[44,141822,273],{"class":272},[44,141824,141825],{"class":276},"This looks like a command.",[44,141827,273],{"class":272},[44,141829,121],{"class":58},[44,141831,141832,141834],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,141833,27385],{"class":3832},[44,141835,6344],{"class":58},[44,141837,141838,141840,141842,141844,141847,141849],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,141839,8017],{"class":127},[44,141841,115],{"class":58},[44,141843,273],{"class":272},[44,141845,141846],{"class":276},"This is normal text.",[44,141848,273],{"class":272},[44,141850,121],{"class":58},[20,141852,2028],{},[35,141854,141856],{"className":37,"code":141855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141857,141858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141859,141860,141863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141861,141862],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141864,122153],{"class":58},[30,141866,582,141868,8652,141870,398,141872],{"id":141867},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141869,127489],{},[15,141871,36025],{},[15,141873,52608],{},[20,141875,1938,141876,398,141878,141880],{},[15,141877,36025],{},[15,141879,52608],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[161,141882,141883,141888,141893],{},[164,141884,141885,141887],{},[15,141886,36025],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[164,141889,141890,141892],{},[15,141891,52608],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[164,141894,141895],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141897,2164],{},[35,141899,141901],{"className":37,"code":141900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141902,141903,141915,141919,141948,141981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141904,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141906,34638],{"class":50},[44,141908,55],{"class":54},[44,141910,284],{"class":272},[44,141912,139400],{"class":276},[44,141914,3318],{"class":272},[44,141916,141917],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,141918,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,141920,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,141922,128],{"class":127},[44,141924,115],{"class":58},[44,141926,34659],{"class":111},[44,141928,108],{"class":58},[44,141930,141197],{"class":111},[44,141932,115],{"class":58},[44,141934,273],{"class":272},[44,141936,79037],{"class":276},[44,141938,273],{"class":272},[44,141940,66],{"class":58},[44,141942,90],{"class":62},[44,141944,5315],{"class":58},[44,141946,141947],{"class":140},"        # True\n",[44,141949,141950,141952,141954,141956,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141977,141979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141951,128],{"class":127},[44,141953,115],{"class":58},[44,141955,34659],{"class":111},[44,141957,108],{"class":58},[44,141959,141197],{"class":111},[44,141961,115],{"class":58},[44,141963,273],{"class":272},[44,141965,134007],{"class":276},[44,141967,273],{"class":272},[44,141969,66],{"class":58},[44,141971,6310],{"class":62},[44,141973,66],{"class":58},[44,141975,141976],{"class":62}," 13",[44,141978,5315],{"class":58},[44,141980,3623],{"class":140},[44,141982,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,141984,128],{"class":127},[44,141986,115],{"class":58},[44,141988,34659],{"class":111},[44,141990,108],{"class":58},[44,141992,141197],{"class":111},[44,141994,115],{"class":58},[44,141996,273],{"class":272},[44,141998,134007],{"class":276},[44,142000,273],{"class":272},[44,142002,66],{"class":58},[44,142004,6310],{"class":62},[44,142006,66],{"class":58},[44,142008,30894],{"class":62},[44,142010,5315],{"class":58},[44,142012,4725],{"class":140},[20,142014,142015,142016,142018],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142017,52608],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,142020,142022],{"id":142021},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142024,142025],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142027,142028,142029,49298],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142030,40788],{},[35,142032,142034],{"className":37,"code":142033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142035,142036,142050,142064,142078,142082,142106,142110,142131,142152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142037,142038,142041,142043,142045,142048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142039,142040],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,142042,55],{"class":54},[44,142044,284],{"class":272},[44,142046,142047],{"class":276},"img_101.jpg",[44,142049,3318],{"class":272},[44,142051,142052,142055,142057,142059,142062],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142053,142054],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,142056,55],{"class":54},[44,142058,284],{"class":272},[44,142060,142061],{"class":276},"photo_202.jpg",[44,142063,3318],{"class":272},[44,142065,142066,142069,142071,142073,142076],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142067,142068],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,142070,55],{"class":54},[44,142072,284],{"class":272},[44,142074,142075],{"class":276},"doc_303.jpg",[44,142077,3318],{"class":272},[44,142079,142080],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142081,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142083,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,142085,127416],{"class":50},[44,142087,55],{"class":54},[44,142089,9185],{"class":58},[44,142091,273],{"class":272},[44,142093,141732],{"class":276},[44,142095,273],{"class":272},[44,142097,66],{"class":58},[44,142099,284],{"class":272},[44,142101,141741],{"class":276},[44,142103,273],{"class":272},[44,142105,121],{"class":58},[44,142107,142108],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,142109,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142111,142112,142114,142116,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,142113,128],{"class":127},[44,142115,115],{"class":58},[44,142117,142118],{"class":111},"filename1",[44,142120,108],{"class":58},[44,142122,141197],{"class":111},[44,142124,115],{"class":58},[44,142126,127468],{"class":111},[44,142128,5315],{"class":58},[44,142130,3623],{"class":140},[44,142132,142133,142135,142137,142140,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,142134,128],{"class":127},[44,142136,115],{"class":58},[44,142138,142139],{"class":111},"filename2",[44,142141,108],{"class":58},[44,142143,141197],{"class":111},[44,142145,115],{"class":58},[44,142147,127468],{"class":111},[44,142149,5315],{"class":58},[44,142151,3623],{"class":140},[44,142153,142154,142156,142158,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,142155,128],{"class":127},[44,142157,115],{"class":58},[44,142159,142160],{"class":111},"filename3",[44,142162,108],{"class":58},[44,142164,141197],{"class":111},[44,142166,115],{"class":58},[44,142168,127468],{"class":111},[44,142170,5315],{"class":58},[44,142172,4725],{"class":140},[20,142174,142175],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142177,74538,142178,142182],{},[394,142179,126121,142180,574],{"href":129715},[15,142181,126179],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142184,123768],{"id":123767},[20,142186,142187,123579],{},[15,142188,127489],{},[20,142190,127166,142191,398,142194,127173],{},[15,142192,142193],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142195,142196],{},"\"python\"",[35,142198,142200],{"className":37,"code":142199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142201,142202,142214,142218,142242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142203,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142205,34638],{"class":50},[44,142207,55],{"class":54},[44,142209,284],{"class":272},[44,142211,7244],{"class":276},[44,142213,3318],{"class":272},[44,142215,142216],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142217,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142219,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142221,128],{"class":127},[44,142223,115],{"class":58},[44,142225,34659],{"class":111},[44,142227,108],{"class":58},[44,142229,141197],{"class":111},[44,142231,115],{"class":58},[44,142233,273],{"class":272},[44,142235,141308],{"class":276},[44,142237,273],{"class":272},[44,142239,5315],{"class":58},[44,142241,3623],{"class":140},[44,142243,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142245,128],{"class":127},[44,142247,115],{"class":58},[44,142249,34659],{"class":111},[44,142251,108],{"class":58},[44,142253,141197],{"class":111},[44,142255,115],{"class":58},[44,142257,273],{"class":272},[44,142259,128567],{"class":276},[44,142261,273],{"class":272},[44,142263,5315],{"class":58},[44,142265,4725],{"class":140},[20,142267,127258,142268,108],{},[394,142269,142270],{"href":123848},[15,142271,123851],{},[35,142273,142275],{"className":37,"code":142274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142276,142277,142289,142293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142278,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142280,34638],{"class":50},[44,142282,55],{"class":54},[44,142284,284],{"class":272},[44,142286,7244],{"class":276},[44,142288,3318],{"class":272},[44,142290,142291],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142292,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142294,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142296,128],{"class":127},[44,142298,115],{"class":58},[44,142300,34659],{"class":111},[44,142302,108],{"class":58},[44,142304,8587],{"class":111},[44,142306,8584],{"class":58},[44,142308,141197],{"class":111},[44,142310,115],{"class":58},[44,142312,273],{"class":272},[44,142314,128567],{"class":276},[44,142316,273],{"class":272},[44,142318,5315],{"class":58},[44,142320,3623],{"class":140},[30,142322,1638,142324],{"id":142323},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142325,127489],{},[20,142327,142328,142330],{},[15,142329,127489],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142332,9323],{},[161,142334,142335,142338,142341,142350],{},[164,142336,142337],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[164,142339,142340],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[164,142342,142343,142344,2837,142347],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142345,142346],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142348,142349],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[164,142351,142352],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142354,2164],{},[35,142356,142358],{"className":37,"code":142357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142359,142360,142373,142377,142406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142361,142362,142364,142366,142368,142371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142363,126984],{"class":50},[44,142365,55],{"class":54},[44,142367,284],{"class":272},[44,142369,142370],{"class":276},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142372,3318],{"class":272},[44,142374,142375],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142376,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142378,142379,142381,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142380,6944],{"class":3832},[44,142382,142383],{"class":50}," url",[44,142385,108],{"class":58},[44,142387,141197],{"class":111},[44,142389,628],{"class":58},[44,142391,273],{"class":272},[44,142393,142346],{"class":276},[44,142395,273],{"class":272},[44,142397,66],{"class":58},[44,142399,284],{"class":272},[44,142401,142349],{"class":276},[44,142403,273],{"class":272},[44,142405,69329],{"class":58},[44,142407,142408,142410,142412,142414,142417,142419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142409,8017],{"class":127},[44,142411,115],{"class":58},[44,142413,273],{"class":272},[44,142415,142416],{"class":276},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142418,273],{"class":272},[44,142420,121],{"class":58},[30,142422,2788],{"id":2787},[20,142424,23045,142425,108],{},[15,142426,127489],{},[420,142428,138561],{"id":142429},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142431,142432,123579],{},[15,142433,127489],{},[35,142435,142437],{"className":37,"code":142436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142438,142439,142451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142440,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142442,34638],{"class":50},[44,142444,55],{"class":54},[44,142446,284],{"class":272},[44,142448,7244],{"class":276},[44,142450,3318],{"class":272},[44,142452,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142454,128],{"class":127},[44,142456,115],{"class":58},[44,142458,34659],{"class":111},[44,142460,108],{"class":58},[44,142462,141197],{"class":111},[44,142464,115],{"class":58},[44,142466,273],{"class":272},[44,142468,39],{"class":276},[44,142470,273],{"class":272},[44,142472,5315],{"class":58},[44,142474,4725],{"class":140},[20,142476,39213],{},[35,142478,142480],{"className":37,"code":142479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142481,142482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142483,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142485,128],{"class":127},[44,142487,115],{"class":58},[44,142489,34659],{"class":111},[44,142491,108],{"class":58},[44,142493,8587],{"class":111},[44,142495,8584],{"class":58},[44,142497,141197],{"class":111},[44,142499,115],{"class":58},[44,142501,273],{"class":272},[44,142503,39],{"class":276},[44,142505,273],{"class":272},[44,142507,5315],{"class":58},[44,142509,3623],{"class":140},[420,142511,29601,142513,137043],{"id":142512},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142514,127489],{},[20,142516,142517],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142519,142521],{"className":37,"code":142520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142522,142523,142531,142535,142540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142524,142525,142527,142529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142526,2403],{"class":50},[44,142528,55],{"class":54},[44,142530,124803],{"class":62},[44,142532,142533],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142534,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142536,142537],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142538,142539],{"class":140},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142541,142542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142543,142544],{"class":140},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142546,39213],{},[35,142548,142550],{"className":37,"code":142549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142551,142552,142566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142555,2403],{"class":50},[44,142557,55],{"class":54},[44,142559,48855],{"class":1458},[44,142561,115],{"class":58},[44,142563,50196],{"class":62},[44,142565,121],{"class":58},[44,142567,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142569,128],{"class":127},[44,142571,115],{"class":58},[44,142573,2429],{"class":111},[44,142575,108],{"class":58},[44,142577,141197],{"class":111},[44,142579,115],{"class":58},[44,142581,273],{"class":272},[44,142583,63],{"class":276},[44,142585,273],{"class":272},[44,142587,5315],{"class":58},[44,142589,3623],{"class":140},[420,142591,37154,142593,8652,142595],{"id":142592},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142594,127489],{},[15,142596,3839],{},[20,142598,142599,142601],{},[15,142600,127489],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142603,142604,142605,142607,142608,108],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142606,3839],{}," or methods like ",[394,142609,142610],{"href":124131},[15,142611,124116],{},[35,142613,142615],{"className":37,"code":142614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142616,142617,142629,142633,142657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142618,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142620,34638],{"class":50},[44,142622,55],{"class":54},[44,142624,284],{"class":272},[44,142626,60329],{"class":276},[44,142628,3318],{"class":272},[44,142630,142631],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142632,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142634,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142636,128],{"class":127},[44,142638,115],{"class":58},[44,142640,34659],{"class":111},[44,142642,108],{"class":58},[44,142644,141197],{"class":111},[44,142646,115],{"class":58},[44,142648,273],{"class":272},[44,142650,1282],{"class":276},[44,142652,273],{"class":272},[44,142654,5315],{"class":58},[44,142656,4725],{"class":140},[44,142658,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142660,128],{"class":127},[44,142662,115],{"class":58},[44,142664,273],{"class":272},[44,142666,1282],{"class":276},[44,142668,273],{"class":272},[44,142670,21124],{"class":3832},[44,142672,42793],{"class":111},[44,142674,1476],{"class":58},[44,142676,142677],{"class":140},"           # True\n",[20,142679,135595,142680,108],{},[394,142681,127157],{"href":123376},[420,142683,4657,142685,398,142687,142689],{"id":142684},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142686,36025],{},[15,142688,52608],{}," use index positions",[20,142691,142692,142693,108],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142694,746],{},[35,142696,142698],{"className":37,"code":142697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142699,142700,142713,142717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142701,142702,142704,142706,142708,142711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142703,34638],{"class":50},[44,142705,55],{"class":54},[44,142707,284],{"class":272},[44,142709,142710],{"class":276},"abcdef",[44,142712,3318],{"class":272},[44,142714,142715],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142716,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,142718,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142720,128],{"class":127},[44,142722,115],{"class":58},[44,142724,34659],{"class":111},[44,142726,108],{"class":58},[44,142728,141197],{"class":111},[44,142730,115],{"class":58},[44,142732,273],{"class":272},[44,142734,142735],{"class":276},"cd",[44,142737,273],{"class":272},[44,142739,66],{"class":58},[44,142741,69],{"class":62},[44,142743,5315],{"class":58},[44,142745,3623],{"class":140},[420,142747,142749],{"id":142748},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142751,142752],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142754,16593],{},[35,142756,142758],{"className":37,"code":142757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142759,142760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142761,142762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142763,142757],{"class":140},[20,142765,16605],{},[35,142767,142769],{"className":37,"code":142768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142770,142771,142783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142774,34638],{"class":50},[44,142776,55],{"class":54},[44,142778,284],{"class":272},[44,142780,7244],{"class":276},[44,142782,3318],{"class":272},[44,142784,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142810,142812,142814],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142786,128],{"class":127},[44,142788,115],{"class":58},[44,142790,34659],{"class":111},[44,142792,108],{"class":58},[44,142794,141197],{"class":111},[44,142796,628],{"class":58},[44,142798,273],{"class":272},[44,142800,141308],{"class":276},[44,142802,273],{"class":272},[44,142804,66],{"class":58},[44,142806,284],{"class":272},[44,142808,142809],{"class":276},"Ja",[44,142811,273],{"class":272},[44,142813,51041],{"class":58},[44,142815,3623],{"class":140},[20,142817,32034],{},[35,142819,142821],{"className":37,"code":142820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142822,142823,142833,142847,142869,142895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142824,142825,142827,142829,142831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142826,128],{"class":127},[44,142828,115],{"class":58},[44,142830,34659],{"class":111},[44,142832,121],{"class":58},[44,142834,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,142836,128],{"class":127},[44,142838,115],{"class":58},[44,142840,1459],{"class":1458},[44,142842,115],{"class":58},[44,142844,34659],{"class":111},[44,142846,637],{"class":58},[44,142848,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,142850,128],{"class":127},[44,142852,115],{"class":58},[44,142854,34659],{"class":111},[44,142856,108],{"class":58},[44,142858,141197],{"class":111},[44,142860,115],{"class":58},[44,142862,273],{"class":272},[44,142864,141308],{"class":276},[44,142866,273],{"class":272},[44,142868,637],{"class":58},[44,142870,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142872,128],{"class":127},[44,142874,115],{"class":58},[44,142876,34659],{"class":111},[44,142878,108],{"class":58},[44,142880,8587],{"class":111},[44,142882,8584],{"class":58},[44,142884,141197],{"class":111},[44,142886,115],{"class":58},[44,142888,273],{"class":272},[44,142890,128567],{"class":276},[44,142892,273],{"class":272},[44,142894,637],{"class":58},[44,142896,142897,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,142898,128],{"class":127},[44,142900,115],{"class":58},[44,142902,34659],{"class":111},[44,142904,108],{"class":58},[44,142906,141197],{"class":111},[44,142908,628],{"class":58},[44,142910,273],{"class":272},[44,142912,141308],{"class":276},[44,142914,273],{"class":272},[44,142916,66],{"class":58},[44,142918,284],{"class":272},[44,142920,142809],{"class":276},[44,142922,273],{"class":272},[44,142924,2871],{"class":58},[30,142926,1757],{"id":1756},[420,142928,1761,142930,127967],{"id":142929},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142931,127489],{},[20,142933,142934,142935,2837,142937,108],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142936,3565],{},[15,142938,3633],{},[420,142940,5124,142942,142944],{"id":142941},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142943,127489],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142946,142947],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142949,142951],{"className":37,"code":142950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142952,142953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142954,142955,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973,142975,142977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142956,34659],{"class":50},[44,142958,108],{"class":58},[44,142960,141197],{"class":111},[44,142962,628],{"class":58},[44,142964,273],{"class":272},[44,142966,394],{"class":276},[44,142968,273],{"class":272},[44,142970,66],{"class":58},[44,142972,284],{"class":272},[44,142974,4714],{"class":276},[44,142976,273],{"class":272},[44,142978,637],{"class":58},[420,142980,14851,142982,124457],{"id":142981},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142983,127489],{},[20,142985,129650],{},[420,142987,1773,142989,398,142991,1778],{"id":142988},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142990,127489],{},[15,142992,3839],{},[20,142994,142995,142997,142998,143000],{},[15,142996,127489],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142999,3839],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[420,143002,1790,143004,398,143006,8652,143008,1778],{"id":143003},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143005,36025],{},[15,143007,52608],{},[15,143009,127489],{},[20,143011,143012],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,143014,1821],{"id":1820},[161,143016,143017,143023,143029,143035,143039],{},[164,143018,143019],{},[394,143020,126121,143021,574],{"href":129715},[15,143022,126179],{},[164,143024,143025],{},[394,143026,126121,143027,574],{"href":124131},[15,143028,124116],{},[164,143030,143031],{},[394,143032,126121,143033,574],{"href":123848},[15,143034,123851],{},[164,143036,143037],{},[394,143038,124520],{"href":123376},[164,143040,143041],{},[394,143042,124876],{"href":50926},[1872,143044,143045],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":143047},[143048,143050,143051,143057,143058,143060,143061,143062,143064,143074,143086],{"id":141243,"depth":75,"text":143049},"What startswith() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":141522,"depth":75,"text":141523,"children":143052},[143053,143054,143055,143056],{"id":141360,"depth":95,"text":141360},{"id":36025,"depth":95,"text":36025},{"id":52608,"depth":95,"text":52608},{"id":141689,"depth":95,"text":141690},{"id":17367,"depth":75,"text":17368},{"id":141867,"depth":75,"text":143059},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142021,"depth":75,"text":142022},{"id":123767,"depth":75,"text":123768},{"id":142323,"depth":75,"text":143063},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":143065},[143066,143067,143069,143071,143073],{"id":142429,"depth":95,"text":138561},{"id":142512,"depth":95,"text":143068},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142592,"depth":95,"text":143070},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142684,"depth":95,"text":143072},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142748,"depth":95,"text":142749},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":143075},[143076,143078,143080,143082,143084],{"id":142929,"depth":95,"text":143077},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142941,"depth":95,"text":143079},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142981,"depth":95,"text":143081},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142988,"depth":95,"text":143083},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143003,"depth":95,"text":143085},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141143,"description":143087},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143094,"title":143095,"body":143096,"description":144550,"extension":1921,"meta":144551,"navigation":98,"path":144552,"seo":144553,"stem":144554,"__hash__":144555},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143097,"toc":144520},[143098,143103,143108,143111,143113,143157,143159,143167,143172,143177,143182,143184,143202,143204,143250,143252,143266,143275,143279,143281,143283,143295,143300,143303,143335,143337,143346,143351,143354,143395,143397,143405,143407,143420,143426,143430,143433,143449,143451,143500,143502,143511,143514,143573,143575,143584,143591,143594,143647,143649,143673,143680,143686,143690,143696,143699,143710,143712,143752,143754,143762,143764,143804,143806,143815,143817,143835,143838,143845,143856,143859,143876,143878,143955,143957,143988,143991,143993,143996,144022,144024,144064,144066,144075,144085,144093,144101,144106,144111,144113,144127,144129,144180,144182,144191,144201,144203,144205,144227,144230,144309,144311,144347,144350,144425,144430,144432,144438,144443,144448,144451,144457,144460,144467,144475,144479,144487,144489,144517],[10,143099,123121,143101,18],{"id":143100},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143102,41605],{},[20,143104,32268,143105,143107],{},[15,143106,41605],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143109,143110],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,143112,3570],{"id":3569},[35,143114,143116],{"className":37,"code":143115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143117,143118,143131,143146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143119,143120,143122,143124,143126,143129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143121,34638],{"class":50},[44,143123,55],{"class":54},[44,143125,284],{"class":272},[44,143127,143128],{"class":276},"  hello  ",[44,143130,3318],{"class":272},[44,143132,143133,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143134,143135],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143137,55],{"class":54},[44,143139,42793],{"class":50},[44,143141,108],{"class":58},[44,143143,8581],{"class":111},[44,143145,8590],{"class":58},[44,143147,143148,143150,143152,143155],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143149,128],{"class":127},[44,143151,115],{"class":58},[44,143153,143154],{"class":111},"clean_text",[44,143156,121],{"class":58},[20,143158,2028],{},[35,143160,143161],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143162,143163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143164,143165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143166,138436],{"class":50},[20,143168,144,143169,143171],{},[15,143170,41605],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143173,151,143175,154],{"id":143174},"what-strip-does",[15,143176,41605],{},[20,143178,143179,143181],{},[15,143180,41605],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143183,13002],{},[161,143185,143186,143190,143193,143196,143199],{},[164,143187,143188,131471],{},[15,143189,41605],{},[164,143191,143192],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[164,143194,143195],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[164,143197,143198],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[164,143200,143201],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143203,2164],{},[35,143205,143207],{"className":37,"code":143206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143208,143209,143222,143226,143240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143210,143211,143213,143215,143217,143220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143212,34638],{"class":50},[44,143214,55],{"class":54},[44,143216,284],{"class":272},[44,143218,143219],{"class":276},"  hello world  ",[44,143221,3318],{"class":272},[44,143223,143224],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143225,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,143227,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143229,128],{"class":127},[44,143231,115],{"class":58},[44,143233,34659],{"class":111},[44,143235,108],{"class":58},[44,143237,8581],{"class":111},[44,143239,7141],{"class":58},[44,143241,143242,143244,143246,143248],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143243,128],{"class":127},[44,143245,115],{"class":58},[44,143247,34659],{"class":111},[44,143249,121],{"class":58},[20,143251,2028],{},[35,143253,143255],{"className":37,"code":143254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143256,143257,143261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143258,143259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143260,134137],{"class":50},[44,143262,143263],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143264,143265],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143267,143268,143269,143271,143272,143274],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143270,41605],{},", but the original ",[15,143273,34659],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143276,124873,143277,108],{},[394,143278,124876],{"href":50926},[30,143280,188],{"id":187},[20,143282,26438],{},[161,143284,143285,143290],{},[164,143286,143287],{},[15,143288,143289],{},"string.strip()",[164,143291,143292],{},[15,143293,143294],{},"string.strip(chars)",[420,143296,143298],{"id":143297},"stringstrip",[15,143299,143289],{},[20,143301,143302],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143304,143306],{"className":37,"code":143305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143307,143308,143321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143309,143310,143312,143314,143316,143319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143311,7824],{"class":50},[44,143313,55],{"class":54},[44,143315,284],{"class":272},[44,143317,143318],{"class":276},"  Alice  ",[44,143320,3318],{"class":272},[44,143322,143323,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143324,128],{"class":127},[44,143326,115],{"class":58},[44,143328,7616],{"class":111},[44,143330,108],{"class":58},[44,143332,8581],{"class":111},[44,143334,7141],{"class":58},[20,143336,2028],{},[35,143338,143340],{"className":37,"code":143339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143341,143342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143343,143344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143345,143339],{"class":50},[420,143347,143349],{"id":143348},"stringstripchars",[15,143350,143294],{},[20,143352,143353],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143355,143357],{"className":37,"code":143356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143358,143359,143372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143360,143361,143363,143365,143367,143370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143362,34638],{"class":50},[44,143364,55],{"class":54},[44,143366,284],{"class":272},[44,143368,143369],{"class":276},"!!hello??",[44,143371,3318],{"class":272},[44,143373,143374,143376,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143391,143393],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143375,128],{"class":127},[44,143377,115],{"class":58},[44,143379,34659],{"class":111},[44,143381,108],{"class":58},[44,143383,8581],{"class":111},[44,143385,115],{"class":58},[44,143387,273],{"class":272},[44,143389,143390],{"class":276},"!?",[44,143392,273],{"class":272},[44,143394,637],{"class":58},[20,143396,2028],{},[35,143398,143399],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143400,143401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143402,143403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143404,138436],{"class":50},[20,143406,83587],{},[161,143408,143409,143414],{},[164,143410,143411,143413],{},[15,143412,134380],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[164,143415,143416,143417,143419],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143418,134380],{}," does not matter",[30,143421,143423,143424],{"id":143422},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143425,41605],{},[20,143427,30836,143428,108],{},[15,143429,41605],{},[20,143431,143432],{},"It is useful for:",[161,143434,143435,143440,143443,143446],{},[164,143436,143437,143438,3842],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143439,2917],{},[164,143441,143442],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[164,143444,143445],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[164,143447,143448],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143450,48313],{},[35,143452,143454],{"className":37,"code":143453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143455,143456,143469,143485,143489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143457,143458,143460,143462,143464,143467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143459,7909],{"class":50},[44,143461,55],{"class":54},[44,143463,284],{"class":272},[44,143465,143466],{"class":276},"  sam  ",[44,143468,3318],{"class":272},[44,143470,143471,143474,143476,143479,143481,143483],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143472,143473],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143475,55],{"class":54},[44,143477,143478],{"class":50}," username",[44,143480,108],{"class":58},[44,143482,8581],{"class":111},[44,143484,8590],{"class":58},[44,143486,143487],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143488,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,143490,143491,143493,143495,143498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143492,128],{"class":127},[44,143494,115],{"class":58},[44,143496,143497],{"class":111},"clean_username",[44,143499,121],{"class":58},[20,143501,2028],{},[35,143503,143505],{"className":37,"code":143504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143506,143507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143508,143509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143510,143504],{"class":50},[20,143512,143513],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143515,143517],{"className":37,"code":143516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143518,143519,143532,143536,143558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143520,143521,143523,143525,143527,143530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143522,136364],{"class":50},[44,143524,55],{"class":54},[44,143526,284],{"class":272},[44,143528,143529],{"class":276}," yes  ",[44,143531,3318],{"class":272},[44,143533,143534],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143535,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,143537,143538,143540,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143539,6944],{"class":3832},[44,143541,136384],{"class":50},[44,143543,108],{"class":58},[44,143545,8581],{"class":111},[44,143547,7313],{"class":58},[44,143549,6359],{"class":54},[44,143551,284],{"class":272},[44,143553,8605],{"class":276},[44,143555,273],{"class":272},[44,143557,6344],{"class":58},[44,143559,143560,143562,143564,143566,143569,143571],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143561,8017],{"class":127},[44,143563,115],{"class":58},[44,143565,273],{"class":272},[44,143567,143568],{"class":276},"Matched",[44,143570,273],{"class":272},[44,143572,121],{"class":58},[20,143574,2028],{},[35,143576,143578],{"className":37,"code":143577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143579,143580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143581,143582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143583,143577],{"class":50},[20,143585,143586,143587,108],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[394,143588,143590],{"href":143589},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143592,143593],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143595,143597],{"className":37,"code":143596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143598,143599,143615,143629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143600,143601,143604,143606,143608,143611,143613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143602,143603],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143605,55],{"class":54},[44,143607,284],{"class":272},[44,143609,143610],{"class":276},"Python basics",[44,143612,86919],{"class":34403},[44,143614,3318],{"class":272},[44,143616,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143618,128],{"class":127},[44,143620,115],{"class":58},[44,143622,41731],{"class":127},[44,143624,115],{"class":58},[44,143626,46],{"class":111},[44,143628,637],{"class":58},[44,143630,143631,143633,143635,143637,143639,143641,143643,143645],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143632,128],{"class":127},[44,143634,115],{"class":58},[44,143636,41731],{"class":127},[44,143638,115],{"class":58},[44,143640,46],{"class":111},[44,143642,108],{"class":58},[44,143644,8581],{"class":111},[44,143646,6241],{"class":58},[20,143648,2028],{},[35,143650,143652],{"className":37,"code":143651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143653,143654,143665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143655,143656,143658,143660,143663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143657,3259],{"class":43280},[44,143659,143610],{"class":43284},[44,143661,86919],{"class":143662},"sfi6f",[44,143664,29651],{"class":43280},[44,143666,143667,143669,143671],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143668,3259],{"class":43280},[44,143670,143610],{"class":43284},[44,143672,29651],{"class":43280},[20,143674,582,143675,143677,143678,108],{},[15,143676,122335],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143679,86919],{},[20,143681,143682,143683,108],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[394,143684,143685],{"href":87572},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143687,143689],{"id":143688},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143691,143692,143693,108],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143694,143695],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143697,143698],{},"Python will:",[161,143700,143701,143704,143707],{},[164,143702,143703],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[164,143705,143706],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[164,143708,143709],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143711,2164],{},[35,143713,143715],{"className":37,"code":143714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143716,143717,143730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143720,34638],{"class":50},[44,143722,55],{"class":54},[44,143724,284],{"class":272},[44,143726,143727],{"class":276},"??hello!!",[44,143729,3318],{"class":272},[44,143731,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143733,128],{"class":127},[44,143735,115],{"class":58},[44,143737,34659],{"class":111},[44,143739,108],{"class":58},[44,143741,8581],{"class":111},[44,143743,115],{"class":58},[44,143745,273],{"class":272},[44,143747,143390],{"class":276},[44,143749,273],{"class":272},[44,143751,637],{"class":58},[20,143753,2028],{},[35,143755,143756],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143757,143758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143759,143760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143761,138436],{"class":50},[20,143763,52029],{},[35,143765,143767],{"className":37,"code":143766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143768,143769,143782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143770,143771,143773,143775,143777,143780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143772,34638],{"class":50},[44,143774,55],{"class":54},[44,143776,284],{"class":272},[44,143778,143779],{"class":276},"abcHelloCba",[44,143781,3318],{"class":272},[44,143783,143784,143786,143788,143790,143792,143794,143796,143798,143800,143802],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143785,128],{"class":127},[44,143787,115],{"class":58},[44,143789,34659],{"class":111},[44,143791,108],{"class":58},[44,143793,8581],{"class":111},[44,143795,115],{"class":58},[44,143797,273],{"class":272},[44,143799,41512],{"class":276},[44,143801,273],{"class":272},[44,143803,637],{"class":58},[20,143805,2028],{},[35,143807,143809],{"className":37,"code":143808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143810,143811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143812,143813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143814,143808],{"class":50},[20,143816,6187],{},[20,143818,143819,14002,143822,143824,143825,143827,143828,798,143830,2149,143832,143834],{},[15,143820,143821],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[214,143823,4583],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143826,41512],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143829,394],{},[15,143831,4714],{},[15,143833,9689],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143836,143837],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143839,143840,143841,1239],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[394,143842,143843],{"href":129702},[15,143844,124292],{},[30,143846,143848,408,143850,408,143853],{"id":143847},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143849,41605],{},[15,143851,143852],{},"lstrip()",[15,143854,143855],{},"rstrip()",[20,143857,143858],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[161,143860,143861,143866,143871],{},[164,143862,143863,143865],{},[15,143864,41605],{}," removes from both ends",[164,143867,143868,143870],{},[15,143869,143852],{}," removes from the left side only",[164,143872,143873,143875],{},[15,143874,143855],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143877,2164],{},[35,143879,143881],{"className":37,"code":143880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143882,143883,143895,143899,143917,143936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143884,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143886,34638],{"class":50},[44,143888,55],{"class":54},[44,143890,284],{"class":272},[44,143892,143128],{"class":276},[44,143894,3318],{"class":272},[44,143896,143897],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143898,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,143900,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911,143913,143915],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143902,128],{"class":127},[44,143904,115],{"class":58},[44,143906,41731],{"class":127},[44,143908,115],{"class":58},[44,143910,34659],{"class":111},[44,143912,108],{"class":58},[44,143914,8581],{"class":111},[44,143916,6241],{"class":58},[44,143918,143919,143921,143923,143925,143927,143929,143931,143934],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143920,128],{"class":127},[44,143922,115],{"class":58},[44,143924,41731],{"class":127},[44,143926,115],{"class":58},[44,143928,34659],{"class":111},[44,143930,108],{"class":58},[44,143932,143933],{"class":111},"lstrip",[44,143935,6241],{"class":58},[44,143937,143938,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143953],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,143939,128],{"class":127},[44,143941,115],{"class":58},[44,143943,41731],{"class":127},[44,143945,115],{"class":58},[44,143947,34659],{"class":111},[44,143949,108],{"class":58},[44,143951,143952],{"class":111},"rstrip",[44,143954,6241],{"class":58},[20,143956,2028],{},[35,143958,143960],{"className":37,"code":143959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143961,143962,143970,143979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143963,143964,143966,143968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143965,3259],{"class":43280},[44,143967,1262],{"class":43284},[44,143969,29651],{"class":43280},[44,143971,143972,143974,143977],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,143973,3259],{"class":43280},[44,143975,143976],{"class":43284},"hello  ",[44,143978,29651],{"class":43280},[44,143980,143981,143983,143986],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,143982,3259],{"class":43280},[44,143984,143985],{"class":43284},"  hello",[44,143987,29651],{"class":43280},[20,143989,143990],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,143992,108129],{"id":108128},[20,143994,143995],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[161,143997,143998,144006,144016,144019],{},[164,143999,144000,144002,144003,144005],{},[15,144001,143821],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144004,41481],{}," once",[164,144007,144008,144009,798,144011,2149,144013,144015],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144010,394],{},[15,144012,4714],{},[15,144014,9689],{}," from both ends",[164,144017,144018],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[164,144020,144021],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144023,2164],{},[35,144025,144027],{"className":37,"code":144026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144028,144029,144042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144030,144031,144033,144035,144037,144040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144032,126204],{"class":50},[44,144034,55],{"class":54},[44,144036,284],{"class":272},[44,144038,144039],{"class":276},"txt_report.txt",[44,144041,3318],{"class":272},[44,144043,144044,144046,144048,144050,144052,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144045,128],{"class":127},[44,144047,115],{"class":58},[44,144049,126222],{"class":111},[44,144051,108],{"class":58},[44,144053,8581],{"class":111},[44,144055,115],{"class":58},[44,144057,273],{"class":272},[44,144059,126257],{"class":276},[44,144061,273],{"class":272},[44,144063,637],{"class":58},[20,144065,2028],{},[35,144067,144069],{"className":37,"code":144068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,144070,144071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144072,144073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144074,144068],{"class":50},[20,144076,144077,144078,798,144080,2149,144082,144084],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144079,108],{},[15,144081,63052],{},[15,144083,2130],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144086,53594,144087,4737,144090,144092],{},[15,144088,144089],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[214,144091,4583],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144094,144095,144096,144100],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[394,144097,144098],{"href":129702},[15,144099,124292],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,144102,1638,144104],{"id":144103},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144105,41605],{},[20,144107,144,144108,144110],{},[15,144109,41605],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144112,36375],{},[161,144114,144115,144119,144121,144124],{},[164,144116,143437,144117,3842],{},[15,144118,2917],{},[164,144120,143442],{},[164,144122,144123],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[164,144125,144126],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144128,2164],{},[35,144130,144132],{"className":37,"code":144131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144133,144134,144148,144152,144165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144135,144136,144139,144141,144143,144146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144137,144138],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144140,55],{"class":54},[44,144142,284],{"class":272},[44,144144,144145],{"class":276},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144147,3318],{"class":272},[44,144149,144150],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144151,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144153,144154,144156,144159,144161,144163],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144155,6944],{"class":3832},[44,144157,144158],{"class":50}," email",[44,144160,108],{"class":58},[44,144162,8581],{"class":111},[44,144164,21546],{"class":58},[44,144166,144167,144169,144171,144173,144176,144178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144168,8017],{"class":127},[44,144170,115],{"class":58},[44,144172,273],{"class":272},[44,144174,144175],{"class":276},"Email was entered",[44,144177,273],{"class":272},[44,144179,121],{"class":58},[20,144181,2028],{},[35,144183,144185],{"className":37,"code":144184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144186,144187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144188,144189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144190,144184],{"class":50},[20,144192,144193,144194,144196,144197,108],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144195,41605],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[394,144198,144199],{"href":123848},[15,144200,123851],{},[30,144202,2788],{"id":2787},[20,144204,84006],{},[161,144206,144207,144211,144216,144221],{},[164,144208,8399,144209,131341],{},[15,144210,41605],{},[164,144212,8399,144213,144215],{},[15,144214,41605],{}," to remove text from the middle",[164,144217,582,144218,144220],{},[15,144219,144089],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[164,144222,4657,144223,144226],{},[15,144224,144225],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144228,144229],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144231,144233],{"className":37,"code":144232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144234,144235,144249,144253,144263,144277,144291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144236,144237,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144238,34638],{"class":50},[44,144240,55],{"class":54},[44,144242,284],{"class":272},[44,144244,143985],{"class":276},[44,144246,86919],{"class":34403},[44,144248,3318],{"class":272},[44,144250,144251],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144252,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144254,144255,144257,144259,144261],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144256,128],{"class":127},[44,144258,115],{"class":58},[44,144260,34659],{"class":111},[44,144262,121],{"class":58},[44,144264,144265,144267,144269,144271,144273,144275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144266,128],{"class":127},[44,144268,115],{"class":58},[44,144270,41731],{"class":127},[44,144272,115],{"class":58},[44,144274,34659],{"class":111},[44,144276,637],{"class":58},[44,144278,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287,144289],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,144280,128],{"class":127},[44,144282,115],{"class":58},[44,144284,34659],{"class":111},[44,144286,108],{"class":58},[44,144288,8581],{"class":111},[44,144290,7141],{"class":58},[44,144292,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,144294,128],{"class":127},[44,144296,115],{"class":58},[44,144298,41731],{"class":127},[44,144300,115],{"class":58},[44,144302,34659],{"class":111},[44,144304,108],{"class":58},[44,144306,8581],{"class":111},[44,144308,6241],{"class":58},[20,144310,2028],{},[35,144312,144314],{"className":37,"code":144313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144315,144316,144321,144325,144335,144339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144317,144318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144319,144320],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144322,144323],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144324,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144326,144327,144329,144331,144333],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144328,3259],{"class":43280},[44,144330,143985],{"class":43284},[44,144332,86919],{"class":143662},[44,144334,29651],{"class":43280},[44,144336,144337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144338,138436],{"class":50},[44,144340,144341,144343,144345],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,144342,3259],{"class":43280},[44,144344,1262],{"class":43284},[44,144346,29651],{"class":43280},[20,144348,144349],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144351,144353],{"className":37,"code":144352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144354,144355,144365,144379,144393,144411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144356,144357,144359,144361,144363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144358,128],{"class":127},[44,144360,115],{"class":58},[44,144362,34659],{"class":111},[44,144364,121],{"class":58},[44,144366,144367,144369,144371,144373,144375,144377],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144368,128],{"class":127},[44,144370,115],{"class":58},[44,144372,41731],{"class":127},[44,144374,115],{"class":58},[44,144376,34659],{"class":111},[44,144378,637],{"class":58},[44,144380,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144382,128],{"class":127},[44,144384,115],{"class":58},[44,144386,34659],{"class":111},[44,144388,108],{"class":58},[44,144390,8581],{"class":111},[44,144392,7141],{"class":58},[44,144394,144395,144397,144399,144401,144403,144405,144407,144409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144396,128],{"class":127},[44,144398,115],{"class":58},[44,144400,41731],{"class":127},[44,144402,115],{"class":58},[44,144404,34659],{"class":111},[44,144406,108],{"class":58},[44,144408,8581],{"class":111},[44,144410,6241],{"class":58},[44,144412,144413,144415,144417,144419,144421,144423],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,144414,1483],{"class":127},[44,144416,115],{"class":58},[44,144418,3403],{"class":1458},[44,144420,108],{"class":58},[44,144422,8581],{"class":1492},[44,144424,121],{"class":58},[20,144426,144427,144429],{},[15,144428,122335],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144431,1757],{"id":1756},[420,144433,1761,144435,144437],{"id":144434},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144436,41605],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144439,46316,144440,144442],{},[15,144441,41605],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[420,144444,1761,144446,124448],{"id":144445},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144447,41605],{},[20,144449,144450],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[420,144452,5096,144454,144456],{"id":144453},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144455,41605],{}," remove by default?",[20,144458,144459],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[420,144461,34155,144463,34158,144465,1778],{"id":144462},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144464,41605],{},[15,144466,124292],{},[20,144468,144469,144471,144472,144474],{},[15,144470,41605],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144473,124292],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[420,144476,144478],{"id":144477},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144480,127994,144481,144483,144484,144486],{},[15,144482,143852],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144485,143855],{}," for the right side.",[30,144488,1821],{"id":1820},[161,144490,144491,144497,144503,144508,144513],{},[164,144492,144493],{},[394,144494,126121,144495,574],{"href":123848},[15,144496,123851],{},[164,144498,144499],{},[394,144500,126121,144501,574],{"href":129702},[15,144502,124292],{},[164,144504,144505],{},[394,144506,144507],{"href":143589},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[164,144509,144510],{},[394,144511,144512],{"href":87572},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[164,144514,144515],{},[394,144516,124876],{"href":50926},[1872,144518,144519],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":144521},[144522,144523,144525,144529,144531,144532,144534,144535,144537,144538,144549],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":143174,"depth":75,"text":144524},"What strip() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":144526},[144527,144528],{"id":143297,"depth":95,"text":143289},{"id":143348,"depth":95,"text":143294},{"id":143422,"depth":75,"text":144530},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143688,"depth":75,"text":143689},{"id":143847,"depth":75,"text":144533},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108128,"depth":75,"text":108129},{"id":144103,"depth":75,"text":144536},"When to use strip()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":144539},[144540,144542,144544,144546,144548],{"id":144434,"depth":95,"text":144541},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144445,"depth":95,"text":144543},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144453,"depth":95,"text":144545},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144462,"depth":95,"text":144547},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144477,"depth":95,"text":144478},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143095,"description":144550},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144557,"title":144558,"body":144559,"description":145739,"extension":1921,"meta":145740,"navigation":98,"path":145741,"seo":145742,"stem":145743,"__hash__":145744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144560,"toc":145709},[144561,144566,144571,144576,144578,144624,144632,144637,144651,144657,144659,144661,144676,144678,144688,144691,144722,144725,144748,144750,144753,144810,144812,144826,144828,144842,144848,144853,144856,144897,144899,144908,144916,144919,144964,144966,144975,144978,144982,144987,145001,145003,145035,145037,145057,145060,145065,145070,145072,145083,145086,145143,145145,145153,145162,145164,145166,145172,145174,145211,145213,145221,145223,145264,145266,145275,145280,145285,145287,145314,145321,145324,145355,145357,145366,145372,145381,145412,145414,145426,145439,145443,145448,145478,145480,145547,145549,145559,145561,145566,145569,145574,145579,145583,145589,145595,145598,145600,145658,145660,145668,145670,145706],[10,144562,123121,144564,18],{"id":144563},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144565,127999],{},[20,144567,123126,144568,144570],{},[15,144569,127999],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144572,84383,144573,144575],{},[15,144574,127999],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144577,33],{"id":32},[35,144579,144581],{"className":37,"code":144580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144582,144583,144595,144609,144619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144584,144585,144587,144589,144591,144593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144586,34638],{"class":50},[44,144588,55],{"class":54},[44,144590,284],{"class":272},[44,144592,128840],{"class":276},[44,144594,3318],{"class":272},[44,144596,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605,144607],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144598,911],{"class":50},[44,144600,55],{"class":54},[44,144602,42793],{"class":50},[44,144604,108],{"class":58},[44,144606,34428],{"class":111},[44,144608,8590],{"class":58},[44,144610,144611,144613,144615,144617],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144612,128],{"class":127},[44,144614,115],{"class":58},[44,144616,943],{"class":111},[44,144618,121],{"class":58},[44,144620,144621],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144622,144623],{"class":140},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144625,144626,144628,144629,144631],{},[15,144627,127999],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[214,144630,4583],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144633,151,144635,154],{"id":144634},"what-upper-does",[15,144636,127999],{},[161,144638,144639,144644,144647,144649],{},[164,144640,144641,144643],{},[15,144642,127999],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[164,144645,144646],{},"It works on string values only",[164,144648,133369],{},[164,144650,136087],{},[20,144652,124873,144653,2837,144655,108],{},[394,144654,136093],{"href":136092},[394,144656,124876],{"href":50926},[30,144658,188],{"id":187},[20,144660,2116],{},[35,144662,144664],{"className":37,"code":144663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144665,144666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144667,144668,144670,144672,144674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144669,241],{"class":50},[44,144671,108],{"class":58},[44,144673,34428],{"class":111},[44,144675,8590],{"class":58},[20,144677,11408],{},[161,144679,144680,144682,144685],{},[164,144681,97294],{},[164,144683,144684],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[164,144686,144687],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144689,144690],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144692,144694],{"className":37,"code":144693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144695,144696,144708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144699,7824],{"class":50},[44,144701,55],{"class":54},[44,144703,284],{"class":272},[44,144705,39],{"class":276},[44,144707,3318],{"class":272},[44,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144711,128],{"class":127},[44,144713,115],{"class":58},[44,144715,7616],{"class":111},[44,144717,108],{"class":58},[44,144719,34428],{"class":111},[44,144721,7141],{"class":58},[20,144723,144724],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144726,144728],{"className":37,"code":144727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144729,144730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144731,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740,144742,144744,144746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144733,128],{"class":127},[44,144735,115],{"class":58},[44,144737,273],{"class":272},[44,144739,1262],{"class":276},[44,144741,273],{"class":272},[44,144743,108],{"class":58},[44,144745,34428],{"class":111},[44,144747,7141],{"class":58},[30,144749,11425],{"id":11424},[20,144751,144752],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144754,144756],{"className":37,"code":144755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144757,144758,144770,144785,144789,144799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144759,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144761,6106],{"class":50},[44,144763,55],{"class":54},[44,144765,284],{"class":272},[44,144767,287],{"class":276},[44,144769,3318],{"class":272},[44,144771,144772,144775,144777,144779,144781,144783],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144773,144774],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144776,55],{"class":54},[44,144778,38332],{"class":50},[44,144780,108],{"class":58},[44,144782,34428],{"class":111},[44,144784,8590],{"class":58},[44,144786,144787],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144788,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144790,144791,144793,144795,144797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144792,128],{"class":127},[44,144794,115],{"class":58},[44,144796,38342],{"class":111},[44,144798,121],{"class":58},[44,144800,144801,144803,144805,144808],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,144802,128],{"class":127},[44,144804,115],{"class":58},[44,144806,144807],{"class":111},"uppercase_word",[44,144809,121],{"class":58},[20,144811,2028],{},[35,144813,144815],{"className":37,"code":144814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144816,144817,144821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144818,144819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144820,70172],{"class":50},[44,144822,144823],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144824,144825],{"class":34403},"BANANA\n",[20,144827,112235],{},[161,144829,144830,144835],{},[164,144831,144832,144834],{},[15,144833,38342],{}," keeps its original value",[164,144836,144837,144839,144840],{},[15,144838,144807],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144841,127999],{},[30,144843,144845,144847],{"id":144844},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144846,127999],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144849,136753,144850,144852],{},[214,144851,136756],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144854,144855],{},"So this method:",[35,144857,144859],{"className":37,"code":144858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144860,144861,144873,144883,144887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144864,7824],{"class":50},[44,144866,55],{"class":54},[44,144868,284],{"class":272},[44,144870,17753],{"class":276},[44,144872,3318],{"class":272},[44,144874,144875,144877,144879,144881],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144876,7616],{"class":50},[44,144878,108],{"class":58},[44,144880,34428],{"class":111},[44,144882,8590],{"class":58},[44,144884,144885],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144886,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144888,144889,144891,144893,144895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144890,128],{"class":127},[44,144892,115],{"class":58},[44,144894,7616],{"class":111},[44,144896,121],{"class":58},[20,144898,2028],{},[35,144900,144902],{"className":37,"code":144901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144903,144904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144905,144906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144907,144901],{"class":50},[20,144909,20928,144910,144912,144913,144915],{},[15,144911,127999],{}," was called, ",[15,144914,7616],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144917,144918],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144920,144922],{"className":37,"code":144921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144923,144924,144936,144950,144954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144925,144926,144928,144930,144932,144934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144927,7824],{"class":50},[44,144929,55],{"class":54},[44,144931,284],{"class":272},[44,144933,17753],{"class":276},[44,144935,3318],{"class":272},[44,144937,144938,144940,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,144939,7824],{"class":50},[44,144941,55],{"class":54},[44,144943,35944],{"class":50},[44,144945,108],{"class":58},[44,144947,34428],{"class":111},[44,144949,8590],{"class":58},[44,144951,144952],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,144953,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,144955,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144957,128],{"class":127},[44,144959,115],{"class":58},[44,144961,7616],{"class":111},[44,144963,121],{"class":58},[20,144965,2028],{},[35,144967,144969],{"className":37,"code":144968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144970,144971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144972,144973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144974,144968],{"class":34403},[20,144976,144977],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,144979,144981],{"id":144980},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144983,144984,144986],{},[15,144985,127999],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[161,144988,144989,144992,144995,144998],{},[164,144990,144991],{},"Numbers stay the same",[164,144993,144994],{},"Spaces stay the same",[164,144996,144997],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[164,144999,145000],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145002,2164],{},[35,145004,145006],{"className":37,"code":145005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145007,145008,145021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145009,145010,145012,145014,145016,145019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145011,34638],{"class":50},[44,145013,55],{"class":54},[44,145015,284],{"class":272},[44,145017,145018],{"class":276},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,145020,3318],{"class":272},[44,145022,145023,145025,145027,145029,145031,145033],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145024,128],{"class":127},[44,145026,115],{"class":58},[44,145028,34659],{"class":111},[44,145030,108],{"class":58},[44,145032,34428],{"class":111},[44,145034,7141],{"class":58},[20,145036,2028],{},[35,145038,145040],{"className":37,"code":145039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145041,145042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145043,145044,145047,145049,145051,145054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145045,145046],{"class":34403},"ROOM",[44,145048,5945],{"class":62},[44,145050,66],{"class":58},[44,145052,145053],{"class":34403}," TABLE",[44,145055,145056],{"class":140}," #3!\n",[20,145058,145059],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,145061,1638,145063],{"id":145062},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145064,127999],{},[20,145066,145067,145069],{},[15,145068,127999],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145071,48291],{},[161,145073,145074,145077,145080],{},[164,145075,145076],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[164,145078,145079],{},"Format labels or headings",[164,145081,145082],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145084,145085],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,145087,145089],{"className":37,"code":145088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145090,145091,145103,145107,145129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145092,145093,145095,145097,145099,145101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145094,136364],{"class":50},[44,145096,55],{"class":54},[44,145098,284],{"class":272},[44,145100,8605],{"class":276},[44,145102,3318],{"class":272},[44,145104,145105],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145106,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,145108,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117,145119,145121,145123,145125,145127],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145110,6944],{"class":3832},[44,145112,136384],{"class":50},[44,145114,108],{"class":58},[44,145116,34428],{"class":111},[44,145118,7313],{"class":58},[44,145120,6359],{"class":54},[44,145122,284],{"class":272},[44,145124,136371],{"class":276},[44,145126,273],{"class":272},[44,145128,6344],{"class":58},[44,145130,145131,145133,145135,145137,145139,145141],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145132,8017],{"class":127},[44,145134,115],{"class":58},[44,145136,273],{"class":272},[44,145138,143568],{"class":276},[44,145140,273],{"class":272},[44,145142,121],{"class":58},[20,145144,2028],{},[35,145146,145147],{"className":37,"code":143577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145148,145149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145150,145151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145152,143577],{"class":50},[20,145154,145155,145156,798,145158,2149,145160,108],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145157,8605],{},[15,145159,137157],{},[15,145161,136371],{},[30,145163,2788],{"id":2787},[420,145165,95655],{"id":95654},[20,145167,8064,145168,145171],{},[15,145169,145170],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145173,16593],{},[35,145175,145177],{"className":37,"code":145176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145178,145179,145191,145201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145180,145181,145183,145185,145187,145189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145182,34638],{"class":50},[44,145184,55],{"class":54},[44,145186,284],{"class":272},[44,145188,1262],{"class":276},[44,145190,3318],{"class":272},[44,145192,145193,145195,145197,145199],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145194,34659],{"class":50},[44,145196,108],{"class":58},[44,145198,34428],{"class":111},[44,145200,8590],{"class":58},[44,145202,145203,145205,145207,145209],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145204,128],{"class":127},[44,145206,115],{"class":58},[44,145208,34659],{"class":111},[44,145210,121],{"class":58},[20,145212,2028],{},[35,145214,145215],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145216,145217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145218,145219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145220,138436],{"class":50},[20,145222,16605],{},[35,145224,145226],{"className":37,"code":145225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145227,145228,145240,145254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145229,145230,145232,145234,145236,145238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145231,34638],{"class":50},[44,145233,55],{"class":54},[44,145235,284],{"class":272},[44,145237,1262],{"class":276},[44,145239,3318],{"class":272},[44,145241,145242,145244,145246,145248,145250,145252],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145243,34638],{"class":50},[44,145245,55],{"class":54},[44,145247,42793],{"class":50},[44,145249,108],{"class":58},[44,145251,34428],{"class":111},[44,145253,8590],{"class":58},[44,145255,145256,145258,145260,145262],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145257,128],{"class":127},[44,145259,115],{"class":58},[44,145261,34659],{"class":111},[44,145263,121],{"class":58},[20,145265,2028],{},[35,145267,145269],{"className":37,"code":145268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145270,145271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145272,145273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145274,145268],{"class":34403},[420,145276,18857,145278,137043],{"id":145277},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145279,127999],{},[20,145281,145282,145284],{},[15,145283,127999],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145286,2164],{},[35,145288,145290],{"className":37,"code":145289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145291,145292,145300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145293,145294,145296,145298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145295,2174],{"class":50},[44,145297,55],{"class":54},[44,145299,124803],{"class":62},[44,145301,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145303,128],{"class":127},[44,145305,115],{"class":58},[44,145307,2196],{"class":111},[44,145309,108],{"class":58},[44,145311,34428],{"class":111},[44,145313,7141],{"class":58},[20,145315,1415,145316,145318,145319,33550],{},[15,145317,2145],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145320,127999],{},[20,145322,145323],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145325,145327],{"className":37,"code":145326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145328,145329,145337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145330,145331,145333,145335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145332,2174],{"class":50},[44,145334,55],{"class":54},[44,145336,124803],{"class":62},[44,145338,145339,145341,145343,145345,145347,145349,145351,145353],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145340,128],{"class":127},[44,145342,115],{"class":58},[44,145344,3403],{"class":1458},[44,145346,115],{"class":58},[44,145348,2196],{"class":111},[44,145350,8578],{"class":58},[44,145352,34428],{"class":111},[44,145354,7141],{"class":58},[20,145356,2028],{},[35,145358,145360],{"className":37,"code":145359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145361,145362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145363,145364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145365,145359],{"class":62},[420,145367,37154,145369,145371],{"id":145368},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145370,127999],{}," with title case",[20,145373,145374,145376,145377,145380],{},[15,145375,127999],{}," makes ",[214,145378,145379],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145382,145384],{"className":37,"code":145383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145385,145386,145398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145387,145388,145390,145392,145394,145396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145389,34638],{"class":50},[44,145391,55],{"class":54},[44,145393,284],{"class":272},[44,145395,60329],{"class":276},[44,145397,3318],{"class":272},[44,145399,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145401,128],{"class":127},[44,145403,115],{"class":58},[44,145405,34659],{"class":111},[44,145407,108],{"class":58},[44,145409,34428],{"class":111},[44,145411,7141],{"class":58},[20,145413,2028],{},[35,145415,145417],{"className":37,"code":145416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145418,145419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145420,145421,145423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145422,136145],{"class":34403},[44,145424,145425],{"class":34403}," WORLD\n",[20,145427,145428,145429,145433,145434,145438],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[394,145430,145431],{"href":123848},[15,145432,123851],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[394,145435,145436],{"href":129702},[15,145437,124292],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145440,145442],{"id":145441},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145444,145445,145446,159],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145447,127999],{},[161,145449,145450,145457,145464,145471],{},[164,145451,145452,145456],{},[394,145453,145454],{"href":123848},[15,145455,123851],{}," for lowercase text",[164,145458,145459,145463],{},[394,145460,145461],{"href":136691},[15,145462,41605],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[164,145465,145466,145470],{},[394,145467,145468],{"href":129702},[15,145469,124292],{}," for changing parts of a string",[164,145472,145473,398,145475,145477],{},[15,145474,127489],{},[15,145476,126179],{}," for checks",[20,145479,2164],{},[35,145481,145483],{"className":37,"code":145482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145484,145485,145497,145501,145516,145532,145536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145486,145487,145489,145491,145493,145495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145488,34638],{"class":50},[44,145490,55],{"class":54},[44,145492,284],{"class":272},[44,145494,143219],{"class":276},[44,145496,3318],{"class":272},[44,145498,145499],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145500,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,145502,145503,145506,145508,145510,145512,145514],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145504,145505],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145507,55],{"class":54},[44,145509,42793],{"class":50},[44,145511,108],{"class":58},[44,145513,8581],{"class":111},[44,145515,8590],{"class":58},[44,145517,145518,145521,145523,145526,145528,145530],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145519,145520],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145522,55],{"class":54},[44,145524,145525],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145527,108],{"class":58},[44,145529,34428],{"class":111},[44,145531,8590],{"class":58},[44,145533,145534],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,145535,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,145537,145538,145540,145542,145545],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,145539,128],{"class":127},[44,145541,115],{"class":58},[44,145543,145544],{"class":111},"loud",[44,145546,121],{"class":58},[20,145548,2028],{},[35,145550,145551],{"className":37,"code":145416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145552,145553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145554,145555,145557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145556,136145],{"class":34403},[44,145558,145425],{"class":34403},[30,145560,1757],{"id":1756},[420,145562,1761,145564,124448],{"id":145563},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145565,127999],{},[20,145567,145568],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[420,145570,1761,145572,137425],{"id":145571},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145573,127999],{},[20,145575,145576,145577,108],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145578,145170],{},[420,145580,145582],{"id":145581},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145584,145585,145586,145588],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145587,127999],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[420,145590,1790,145592,145594],{"id":145591},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145593,127999],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145596,145597],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145599,2164],{},[35,145601,145603],{"className":37,"code":145602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145604,145605,145617,145630,145634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145606,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145608,2511],{"class":50},[44,145610,55],{"class":54},[44,145612,284],{"class":272},[44,145614,39],{"class":276},[44,145616,3318],{"class":272},[44,145618,145619,145621,145623,145625,145628],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145620,2539],{"class":50},[44,145622,55],{"class":54},[44,145624,284],{"class":272},[44,145626,145627],{"class":276},"PYTHON",[44,145629,3318],{"class":272},[44,145631,145632],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145633,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,145635,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654,145656],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145637,128],{"class":127},[44,145639,115],{"class":58},[44,145641,394],{"class":111},[44,145643,108],{"class":58},[44,145645,34428],{"class":111},[44,145647,7313],{"class":58},[44,145649,6359],{"class":54},[44,145651,2516],{"class":111},[44,145653,108],{"class":58},[44,145655,34428],{"class":111},[44,145657,7141],{"class":58},[20,145659,2028],{},[35,145661,145662],{"className":37,"code":3936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145663,145664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145665,145666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145667,3936],{"class":1582},[30,145669,1821],{"id":1820},[161,145671,145672,145676,145682,145688,145694,145698,145702],{},[164,145673,145674],{},[394,145675,124876],{"href":50926},[164,145677,145678],{},[394,145679,126121,145680,574],{"href":123848},[15,145681,123851],{},[164,145683,145684],{},[394,145685,126121,145686,574],{"href":136691},[15,145687,41605],{},[164,145689,145690],{},[394,145691,126121,145692,574],{"href":129702},[15,145693,124292],{},[164,145695,145696],{},[394,145697,90449],{"href":89458},[164,145699,145700],{},[394,145701,124520],{"href":123376},[164,145703,145704],{},[394,145705,137511],{"href":136092},[1872,145707,145708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":145710},[145711,145712,145714,145715,145716,145718,145719,145721,145728,145729,145738],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":144634,"depth":75,"text":145713},"What upper() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":144844,"depth":75,"text":145717},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144980,"depth":75,"text":144981},{"id":145062,"depth":75,"text":145720},"When to use upper()",{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":145722},[145723,145724,145726],{"id":95654,"depth":95,"text":95655},{"id":145277,"depth":95,"text":145725},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145368,"depth":95,"text":145727},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145441,"depth":75,"text":145442},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":145730},[145731,145733,145735,145736],{"id":145563,"depth":95,"text":145732},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145571,"depth":95,"text":145734},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145581,"depth":95,"text":145582},{"id":145591,"depth":95,"text":145737},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144558,"description":145739},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145746,"title":145747,"body":145748,"description":147625,"extension":1921,"meta":147626,"navigation":98,"path":147627,"seo":147628,"stem":147629,"__hash__":147630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145749,"toc":147575},[145750,145756,145763,145769,145771,145827,145832,145837,145842,145845,145864,145867,145869,145893,145911,145922,145924,145927,145980,145982,145990,145992,146010,146015,146018,146075,146077,146086,146089,146109,146112,146118,146123,146125,146168,146170,146178,146181,146222,146224,146233,146239,146245,146272,146274,146282,146287,146291,146303,146346,146348,146356,146361,146367,146372,146376,146378,146421,146424,146471,146473,146482,146489,146493,146496,146542,146547,146551,146553,146596,146599,146607,146609,146614,146616,146618,146637,146640,146652,146654,146673,146675,146683,146687,146689,146740,146743,146818,146820,146828,146831,146835,146837,146884,146887,146958,146960,146968,146974,146976,147051,147055,147134,147136,147144,147150,147156,147161,147166,147215,147219,147290,147293,147298,147309,147312,147323,147333,147335,147340,147365,147370,147451,147453,147478,147480,147485,147488,147494,147503,147509,147512,147518,147524,147531,147534,147536,147572],[10,145751,3536,145753,3540],{"id":145752},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145754,145755],{},"sum()",[20,145757,9071,145758,145760,145761,24714],{},[15,145759,145755],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145762,246],{},[20,145764,145765,145766,145768],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145767,36025],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145770,33],{"id":32},[35,145772,145774],{"className":37,"code":145773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145775,145776,145800,145815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145777,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145779,51],{"class":50},[44,145781,55],{"class":54},[44,145783,59],{"class":58},[44,145785,63],{"class":62},[44,145787,66],{"class":58},[44,145789,69],{"class":62},[44,145791,66],{"class":58},[44,145793,2408],{"class":62},[44,145795,66],{"class":58},[44,145797,90],{"class":62},[44,145799,72],{"class":58},[44,145801,145802,145804,145806,145809,145811,145813],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145803,41134],{"class":50},[44,145805,55],{"class":54},[44,145807,145808],{"class":127}," sum",[44,145810,115],{"class":58},[44,145812,105],{"class":111},[44,145814,121],{"class":58},[44,145816,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145818,128],{"class":127},[44,145820,115],{"class":58},[44,145822,41163],{"class":111},[44,145824,1476],{"class":58},[44,145826,26746],{"class":140},[20,145828,144,145829,145831],{},[15,145830,145755],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145833,151,145835,154],{"id":145834},"what-sum-does",[15,145836,145755],{},[20,145838,145839,145841],{},[15,145840,145755],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145843,145844],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[161,145846,145847,145850,145853,145858],{},[164,145848,145849],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[164,145851,145852],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[164,145854,145855,145856],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145857,36149],{},[164,145859,145860,145861,145863],{},"Counting ",[15,145862,3565],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145865,145866],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145868,188],{"id":187},[35,145870,145872],{"className":37,"code":145871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145873,145874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145875,145876,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145877,145878],{"class":127},"sum",[44,145880,115],{"class":58},[44,145882,207],{"class":111},[44,145884,66],{"class":58},[44,145886,36004],{"class":9124},[44,145888,55],{"class":54},[44,145890,746],{"class":62},[44,145892,121],{"class":58},[161,145894,145895,145900,145905],{},[164,145896,145897,145899],{},[15,145898,207],{}," is the group of values to add",[164,145901,145902,145904],{},[15,145903,36025],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[164,145906,145907,145908],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145909,145910],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145912,145913,145914,145917,145918,108],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145915,145916,207],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[394,145919,145920,24568],{"href":36146},[15,145921,36149],{},[30,145923,11425],{"id":11424},[20,145925,145926],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145928,145930],{"className":37,"code":145929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145931,145932,145952,145966,145970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145933,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145935,51],{"class":50},[44,145937,55],{"class":54},[44,145939,59],{"class":58},[44,145941,1410],{"class":62},[44,145943,66],{"class":58},[44,145945,5956],{"class":62},[44,145947,66],{"class":58},[44,145949,37887],{"class":62},[44,145951,72],{"class":58},[44,145953,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,145955,41134],{"class":50},[44,145957,55],{"class":54},[44,145959,145808],{"class":127},[44,145961,115],{"class":58},[44,145963,105],{"class":111},[44,145965,121],{"class":58},[44,145967,145968],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,145969,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,145971,145972,145974,145976,145978],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145973,128],{"class":127},[44,145975,115],{"class":58},[44,145977,41163],{"class":111},[44,145979,121],{"class":58},[20,145981,2028],{},[35,145983,145984],{"className":37,"code":69606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145985,145986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145987,145988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145989,69606],{"class":62},[20,145991,361],{},[161,145993,145994,145999,146005],{},[164,145995,145996,145998],{},[15,145997,105],{}," contains three integers",[164,146000,146001,146004],{},[15,146002,146003],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[164,146006,146007,146008],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146009,41163],{},[30,146011,36562,146013,8379],{"id":146012},"using-the-start-value",[15,146014,36025],{},[20,146016,146017],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,146019,146021],{"className":37,"code":146020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146022,146023,146043,146061,146065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146024,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146026,51],{"class":50},[44,146028,55],{"class":54},[44,146030,59],{"class":58},[44,146032,63],{"class":62},[44,146034,66],{"class":58},[44,146036,69],{"class":62},[44,146038,66],{"class":58},[44,146040,2408],{"class":62},[44,146042,72],{"class":58},[44,146044,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146046,41134],{"class":50},[44,146048,55],{"class":54},[44,146050,145808],{"class":127},[44,146052,115],{"class":58},[44,146054,105],{"class":111},[44,146056,66],{"class":58},[44,146058,5956],{"class":62},[44,146060,121],{"class":58},[44,146062,146063],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,146064,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,146066,146067,146069,146071,146073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146068,128],{"class":127},[44,146070,115],{"class":58},[44,146072,41163],{"class":111},[44,146074,121],{"class":58},[20,146076,2028],{},[35,146078,146080],{"className":37,"code":146079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,146081,146082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146083,146084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146085,146079],{"class":62},[20,146087,146088],{},"This works like:",[161,146090,146091,146096,146101,146105],{},[164,146092,146093,146094],{},"Start at ",[15,146095,2287],{},[164,146097,146098,146099],{},"Add ",[15,146100,63],{},[164,146102,146098,146103],{},[15,146104,801],{},[164,146106,146098,146107],{},[15,146108,85],{},[20,146110,146111],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,146113,151,146115,146117],{"id":146114},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146116,145755],{}," can work with",[20,146119,146120,146122],{},[15,146121,145755],{}," works with numeric values.",[420,146124,40376],{"id":40375},[35,146126,146128],{"className":37,"code":146127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146129,146130,146154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146131,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146133,604],{"class":50},[44,146135,55],{"class":54},[44,146137,59],{"class":58},[44,146139,63],{"class":62},[44,146141,66],{"class":58},[44,146143,69],{"class":62},[44,146145,66],{"class":58},[44,146147,2408],{"class":62},[44,146149,66],{"class":58},[44,146151,90],{"class":62},[44,146153,72],{"class":58},[44,146155,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146157,128],{"class":127},[44,146159,115],{"class":58},[44,146161,145878],{"class":127},[44,146163,115],{"class":58},[44,146165,621],{"class":111},[44,146167,637],{"class":58},[20,146169,2028],{},[35,146171,146172],{"className":37,"code":2333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146173,146174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146175,146176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146177,2333],{"class":62},[420,146179,146180],{"id":51995},"Floats",[35,146182,146184],{"className":37,"code":146183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146185,146186,146208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146187,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146201,146203,146206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146189,82814],{"class":50},[44,146191,55],{"class":54},[44,146193,59],{"class":58},[44,146195,41110],{"class":62},[44,146197,66],{"class":58},[44,146199,146200],{"class":62}," 3.75",[44,146202,66],{"class":58},[44,146204,146205],{"class":62}," 1.25",[44,146207,72],{"class":58},[44,146209,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146211,128],{"class":127},[44,146213,115],{"class":58},[44,146215,145878],{"class":127},[44,146217,115],{"class":58},[44,146219,82850],{"class":111},[44,146221,637],{"class":58},[20,146223,2028],{},[35,146225,146227],{"className":37,"code":146226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146228,146229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146230,146231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146232,146226],{"class":62},[20,146234,146235,146236,108],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[394,146237,146238],{"href":2375},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[420,146240,146242,146243],{"id":146241},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146244,36149],{},[35,146246,146248],{"className":37,"code":146247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146249,146250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146251,146252,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146253,128],{"class":127},[44,146255,115],{"class":58},[44,146257,145878],{"class":127},[44,146259,115],{"class":58},[44,146261,246],{"class":127},[44,146263,115],{"class":58},[44,146265,63],{"class":62},[44,146267,66],{"class":58},[44,146269,37594],{"class":62},[44,146271,2871],{"class":58},[20,146273,2028],{},[35,146275,146276],{"className":37,"code":46992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146277,146278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146279,146280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146281,46992],{"class":62},[20,146283,113325,146284,108],{},[15,146285,146286],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[420,146288,146290],{"id":146289},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146292,146293,146294,146296,146297,398,146299,146296,146301,108],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146295,3565],{}," acts like ",[15,146298,63],{},[15,146300,3633],{},[15,146302,746],{},[35,146304,146306],{"className":37,"code":146305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146307,146308,146332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146309,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146311,51915],{"class":50},[44,146313,55],{"class":54},[44,146315,59],{"class":58},[44,146317,3565],{"class":1582},[44,146319,66],{"class":58},[44,146321,3863],{"class":1582},[44,146323,66],{"class":58},[44,146325,3872],{"class":1582},[44,146327,66],{"class":58},[44,146329,3872],{"class":1582},[44,146331,72],{"class":58},[44,146333,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146335,128],{"class":127},[44,146337,115],{"class":58},[44,146339,145878],{"class":127},[44,146341,115],{"class":58},[44,146343,51968],{"class":111},[44,146345,637],{"class":58},[20,146347,2028],{},[35,146349,146350],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146351,146352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146353,146354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146355,46568],{"class":62},[20,146357,146358,146359,108],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146360,3565],{},[30,146362,151,146364,146366],{"id":146363},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146365,145755],{}," does not work with",[20,146368,146369,146371],{},[15,146370,145755],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[420,146373,146375],{"id":146374},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146377,2795],{},[35,146379,146381],{"className":37,"code":146380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146382,146383,146407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146384,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146386,1253],{"class":50},[44,146388,55],{"class":54},[44,146390,59],{"class":58},[44,146392,273],{"class":272},[44,146394,1262],{"class":276},[44,146396,273],{"class":272},[44,146398,66],{"class":58},[44,146400,284],{"class":272},[44,146402,1282],{"class":276},[44,146404,273],{"class":272},[44,146406,72],{"class":58},[44,146408,146409,146411,146413,146415,146417,146419],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146410,128],{"class":127},[44,146412,115],{"class":58},[44,146414,145878],{"class":127},[44,146416,115],{"class":58},[44,146418,1271],{"class":111},[44,146420,637],{"class":58},[20,146422,146423],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146425,146427],{"className":37,"code":146426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146428,146429,146453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146430,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146432,1253],{"class":50},[44,146434,55],{"class":54},[44,146436,59],{"class":58},[44,146438,273],{"class":272},[44,146440,1262],{"class":276},[44,146442,273],{"class":272},[44,146444,66],{"class":58},[44,146446,284],{"class":272},[44,146448,1282],{"class":276},[44,146450,273],{"class":272},[44,146452,72],{"class":58},[44,146454,146455,146457,146459,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146456,128],{"class":127},[44,146458,115],{"class":58},[44,146460,6224],{"class":272},[44,146462,108],{"class":58},[44,146464,133280],{"class":111},[44,146466,115],{"class":58},[44,146468,1271],{"class":111},[44,146470,637],{"class":58},[20,146472,2028],{},[35,146474,146476],{"className":37,"code":146475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146477,146478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146479,146480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146481,146475],{"class":50},[20,146483,146484,146485,108],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[394,146486,146487,5734],{"href":42126},[15,146488,47635],{},[420,146490,146492],{"id":146491},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146494,146495],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146497,146499],{"className":37,"code":146498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146500,146501,146528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146502,146503,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146504,146505],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146507,55],{"class":54},[44,146509,56220],{"class":58},[44,146511,63],{"class":62},[44,146513,66],{"class":58},[44,146515,69],{"class":62},[44,146517,18012],{"class":58},[44,146519,59],{"class":58},[44,146521,85],{"class":62},[44,146523,66],{"class":58},[44,146525,90],{"class":62},[44,146527,53186],{"class":58},[44,146529,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146531,128],{"class":127},[44,146533,115],{"class":58},[44,146535,145878],{"class":127},[44,146537,115],{"class":58},[44,146539,5254],{"class":111},[44,146541,637],{"class":58},[20,146543,146544,146546],{},[15,146545,145755],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[420,146548,146550],{"id":146549},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146552,1659],{},[35,146554,146556],{"className":37,"code":146555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146557,146558,146582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146559,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146561,604],{"class":50},[44,146563,55],{"class":54},[44,146565,59],{"class":58},[44,146567,63],{"class":62},[44,146569,66],{"class":58},[44,146571,69],{"class":62},[44,146573,66],{"class":58},[44,146575,284],{"class":272},[44,146577,85],{"class":276},[44,146579,273],{"class":272},[44,146581,72],{"class":58},[44,146583,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146585,128],{"class":127},[44,146587,115],{"class":58},[44,146589,145878],{"class":127},[44,146591,115],{"class":58},[44,146593,621],{"class":111},[44,146595,637],{"class":58},[20,146597,146598],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146600,146601,146602,146604,146605,108],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146603,65711],{},", convert them first. See ",[394,146606,2922],{"href":2921},[30,146608,41456],{"id":41455},[20,146610,146611,146612,108],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146613,145755],{},[420,146615,6472],{"id":6471},[20,146617,4477],{},[35,146619,146621],{"className":37,"code":146620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146622,146623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146624,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146626,128],{"class":127},[44,146628,115],{"class":58},[44,146630,145878],{"class":127},[44,146632,115],{"class":58},[44,146634,1410],{"class":62},[44,146636,637],{"class":58},[20,146638,146639],{},"Why it fails:",[161,146641,146642,146647],{},[164,146643,146644,146646],{},[15,146645,1410],{}," is a single integer",[164,146648,146649,146651],{},[15,146650,145755],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146653,6501],{},[35,146655,146657],{"className":37,"code":146656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146658,146659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146660,146661,146663,146665,146667,146669,146671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146662,128],{"class":127},[44,146664,115],{"class":58},[44,146666,145878],{"class":127},[44,146668,457],{"class":58},[44,146670,1410],{"class":62},[44,146672,2957],{"class":58},[20,146674,2028],{},[35,146676,146677],{"className":37,"code":2906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146678,146679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146680,146681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146682,2906],{"class":62},[420,146684,146686],{"id":146685},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146688,4477],{},[35,146690,146692],{"className":37,"code":146691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146693,146694,146726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146695,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146697,604],{"class":50},[44,146699,55],{"class":54},[44,146701,59],{"class":58},[44,146703,273],{"class":272},[44,146705,63],{"class":276},[44,146707,273],{"class":272},[44,146709,66],{"class":58},[44,146711,284],{"class":272},[44,146713,801],{"class":276},[44,146715,273],{"class":272},[44,146717,66],{"class":58},[44,146719,284],{"class":272},[44,146721,85],{"class":276},[44,146723,273],{"class":272},[44,146725,72],{"class":58},[44,146727,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146729,128],{"class":127},[44,146731,115],{"class":58},[44,146733,145878],{"class":127},[44,146735,115],{"class":58},[44,146737,621],{"class":111},[44,146739,637],{"class":58},[20,146741,146742],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146744,146746],{"className":37,"code":146745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146747,146748,146780,146808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146749,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146751,604],{"class":50},[44,146753,55],{"class":54},[44,146755,59],{"class":58},[44,146757,273],{"class":272},[44,146759,63],{"class":276},[44,146761,273],{"class":272},[44,146763,66],{"class":58},[44,146765,284],{"class":272},[44,146767,801],{"class":276},[44,146769,273],{"class":272},[44,146771,66],{"class":58},[44,146773,284],{"class":272},[44,146775,85],{"class":276},[44,146777,273],{"class":272},[44,146779,72],{"class":58},[44,146781,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146783,41134],{"class":50},[44,146785,55],{"class":54},[44,146787,145808],{"class":127},[44,146789,115],{"class":58},[44,146791,2145],{"class":1458},[44,146793,115],{"class":58},[44,146795,2130],{"class":111},[44,146797,1476],{"class":58},[44,146799,3833],{"class":3832},[44,146801,3836],{"class":111},[44,146803,3839],{"class":3832},[44,146805,3842],{"class":111},[44,146807,121],{"class":58},[44,146809,146810,146812,146814,146816],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,146811,128],{"class":127},[44,146813,115],{"class":58},[44,146815,41163],{"class":111},[44,146817,121],{"class":58},[20,146819,2028],{},[35,146821,146822],{"className":37,"code":2612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146823,146824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146825,146826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146827,2612],{"class":62},[20,146829,146830],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[420,146832,146834],{"id":146833},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146836,4477],{},[35,146838,146840],{"className":37,"code":146839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146841,146842,146870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146843,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146845,604],{"class":50},[44,146847,55],{"class":54},[44,146849,59],{"class":58},[44,146851,63],{"class":62},[44,146853,66],{"class":58},[44,146855,69],{"class":62},[44,146857,66],{"class":58},[44,146859,284],{"class":272},[44,146861,85],{"class":276},[44,146863,273],{"class":272},[44,146865,66],{"class":58},[44,146867,90],{"class":62},[44,146869,72],{"class":58},[44,146871,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146873,128],{"class":127},[44,146875,115],{"class":58},[44,146877,145878],{"class":127},[44,146879,115],{"class":58},[44,146881,621],{"class":111},[44,146883,637],{"class":58},[20,146885,146886],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146888,146890],{"className":37,"code":146889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146891,146892,146920,146948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146893,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146895,604],{"class":50},[44,146897,55],{"class":54},[44,146899,59],{"class":58},[44,146901,63],{"class":62},[44,146903,66],{"class":58},[44,146905,69],{"class":62},[44,146907,66],{"class":58},[44,146909,284],{"class":272},[44,146911,85],{"class":276},[44,146913,273],{"class":272},[44,146915,66],{"class":58},[44,146917,90],{"class":62},[44,146919,72],{"class":58},[44,146921,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,146923,41134],{"class":50},[44,146925,55],{"class":54},[44,146927,145808],{"class":127},[44,146929,115],{"class":58},[44,146931,2145],{"class":1458},[44,146933,115],{"class":58},[44,146935,2130],{"class":111},[44,146937,1476],{"class":58},[44,146939,3833],{"class":3832},[44,146941,3836],{"class":111},[44,146943,3839],{"class":3832},[44,146945,3842],{"class":111},[44,146947,121],{"class":58},[44,146949,146950,146952,146954,146956],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,146951,128],{"class":127},[44,146953,115],{"class":58},[44,146955,41163],{"class":111},[44,146957,121],{"class":58},[20,146959,2028],{},[35,146961,146962],{"className":37,"code":2333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146963,146964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146965,146966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146967,2333],{"class":62},[420,146969,582,146971,146973],{"id":146970},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146972,145755],{}," to join text",[20,146975,4477],{},[35,146977,146979],{"className":37,"code":146978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146980,146981,147037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146982,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146984,672],{"class":50},[44,146986,55],{"class":54},[44,146988,59],{"class":58},[44,146990,273],{"class":272},[44,146992,133879],{"class":276},[44,146994,273],{"class":272},[44,146996,66],{"class":58},[44,146998,284],{"class":272},[44,147000,11695],{"class":276},[44,147002,273],{"class":272},[44,147004,66],{"class":58},[44,147006,284],{"class":272},[44,147008,63052],{"class":276},[44,147010,273],{"class":272},[44,147012,66],{"class":58},[44,147014,284],{"class":272},[44,147016,60361],{"class":276},[44,147018,273],{"class":272},[44,147020,66],{"class":58},[44,147022,284],{"class":272},[44,147024,60396],{"class":276},[44,147026,273],{"class":272},[44,147028,66],{"class":58},[44,147030,284],{"class":272},[44,147032,75796],{"class":276},[44,147034,273],{"class":272},[44,147036,72],{"class":58},[44,147038,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147040,128],{"class":127},[44,147042,115],{"class":58},[44,147044,145878],{"class":127},[44,147046,115],{"class":58},[44,147048,689],{"class":111},[44,147050,637],{"class":58},[20,147052,144,147053,60455],{},[15,147054,133203],{},[35,147056,147058],{"className":37,"code":147057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147059,147060,147116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147061,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147063,672],{"class":50},[44,147065,55],{"class":54},[44,147067,59],{"class":58},[44,147069,273],{"class":272},[44,147071,133879],{"class":276},[44,147073,273],{"class":272},[44,147075,66],{"class":58},[44,147077,284],{"class":272},[44,147079,11695],{"class":276},[44,147081,273],{"class":272},[44,147083,66],{"class":58},[44,147085,284],{"class":272},[44,147087,63052],{"class":276},[44,147089,273],{"class":272},[44,147091,66],{"class":58},[44,147093,284],{"class":272},[44,147095,60361],{"class":276},[44,147097,273],{"class":272},[44,147099,66],{"class":58},[44,147101,284],{"class":272},[44,147103,60396],{"class":276},[44,147105,273],{"class":272},[44,147107,66],{"class":58},[44,147109,284],{"class":272},[44,147111,75796],{"class":276},[44,147113,273],{"class":272},[44,147115,72],{"class":58},[44,147117,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147119,128],{"class":127},[44,147121,115],{"class":58},[44,147123,6224],{"class":272},[44,147125,108],{"class":58},[44,147127,133280],{"class":111},[44,147129,115],{"class":58},[44,147131,689],{"class":111},[44,147133,637],{"class":58},[20,147135,2028],{},[35,147137,147138],{"className":37,"code":133960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147139,147140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147141,147142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147143,133960],{"class":50},[20,147145,147146,147147,108],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[394,147148,147149],{"href":135041},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147151,147153,147155],{"id":147152},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147154,145755],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147157,147158,147160],{},[15,147159,145755],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[420,147162,582,147164],{"id":147163},"using-sum",[15,147165,145755],{},[35,147167,147169],{"className":37,"code":147168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147170,147171,147191,147205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147172,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147174,51],{"class":50},[44,147176,55],{"class":54},[44,147178,59],{"class":58},[44,147180,2461],{"class":62},[44,147182,66],{"class":58},[44,147184,5945],{"class":62},[44,147186,66],{"class":58},[44,147188,54073],{"class":62},[44,147190,72],{"class":58},[44,147192,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147194,41134],{"class":50},[44,147196,55],{"class":54},[44,147198,145808],{"class":127},[44,147200,115],{"class":58},[44,147202,105],{"class":111},[44,147204,121],{"class":58},[44,147206,147207,147209,147211,147213],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147208,128],{"class":127},[44,147210,115],{"class":58},[44,147212,41163],{"class":111},[44,147214,121],{"class":58},[420,147216,147218],{"id":147217},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147220,147222],{"className":37,"code":147221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147223,147224,147244,147252,147256,147268,147276,147280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147225,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147227,51],{"class":50},[44,147229,55],{"class":54},[44,147231,59],{"class":58},[44,147233,2461],{"class":62},[44,147235,66],{"class":58},[44,147237,5945],{"class":62},[44,147239,66],{"class":58},[44,147241,54073],{"class":62},[44,147243,72],{"class":58},[44,147245,147246,147248,147250],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147247,41134],{"class":50},[44,147249,55],{"class":54},[44,147251,38464],{"class":62},[44,147253,147254],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147255,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,147257,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147259,5909],{"class":3832},[44,147261,6337],{"class":50},[44,147263,3839],{"class":3832},[44,147265,916],{"class":50},[44,147267,6344],{"class":58},[44,147269,147270,147272,147274],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,147271,89873],{"class":50},[44,147273,89876],{"class":54},[44,147275,89879],{"class":50},[44,147277,147278],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,147279,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,147281,147282,147284,147286,147288],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,147283,128],{"class":127},[44,147285,115],{"class":58},[44,147287,41163],{"class":111},[44,147289,121],{"class":58},[20,147291,147292],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147294,2445,147295,147297],{},[15,147296,145755],{}," is often better:",[161,147299,147300,147303,147306],{},[164,147301,147302],{},"Shorter code",[164,147304,147305],{},"Easier to read",[164,147307,147308],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147310,147311],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[161,147313,147314,147317,147320],{},[164,147315,147316],{},"You need to skip some values",[164,147318,147319],{},"You need extra checks",[164,147321,147322],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147324,147325,147326,147329,147330,147332],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[394,147327,147328],{"href":39959},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147331,145755],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147334,2788],{"id":2787},[20,147336,147337,147338,159],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147339,145755],{},[161,147341,147342,147348,147355,147362],{},[164,147343,147344,147345],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147346,147347],{},"sum(5)",[164,147349,147350,147351,147354],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147352,147353],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[164,147356,582,147357,147359,147360],{},[15,147358,145755],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147361,133203],{},[164,147363,147364],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147366,8823,147367,147369],{},[15,147368,145755],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147371,147373],{"className":37,"code":147372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147374,147375,147385,147399,147423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147376,147377,147379,147381,147383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147378,128],{"class":127},[44,147380,115],{"class":58},[44,147382,621],{"class":111},[44,147384,121],{"class":58},[44,147386,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147388,128],{"class":127},[44,147390,115],{"class":58},[44,147392,1459],{"class":1458},[44,147394,115],{"class":58},[44,147396,621],{"class":111},[44,147398,637],{"class":58},[44,147400,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147402,128],{"class":127},[44,147404,457],{"class":58},[44,147406,1459],{"class":1458},[44,147408,115],{"class":58},[44,147410,2130],{"class":111},[44,147412,1476],{"class":58},[44,147414,3833],{"class":3832},[44,147416,3836],{"class":111},[44,147418,3839],{"class":3832},[44,147420,3842],{"class":111},[44,147422,466],{"class":58},[44,147424,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147426,128],{"class":127},[44,147428,115],{"class":58},[44,147430,145878],{"class":127},[44,147432,457],{"class":58},[44,147434,2145],{"class":1458},[44,147436,115],{"class":58},[44,147438,2130],{"class":111},[44,147440,1476],{"class":58},[44,147442,3833],{"class":3832},[44,147444,3836],{"class":111},[44,147446,3839],{"class":3832},[44,147448,3842],{"class":111},[44,147450,2957],{"class":58},[20,147452,135774],{},[161,147454,147455,147461,147467,147472],{},[164,147456,147457,147460],{},[15,147458,147459],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[164,147462,147463,147466],{},[15,147464,147465],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[164,147468,147469,135796],{},[15,147470,147471],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[164,147473,147474,147477],{},[15,147475,147476],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147479,1757],{"id":1756},[420,147481,5096,147483,5099],{"id":147482},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147484,145755],{},[20,147486,147487],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[420,147489,5124,147491,147493],{"id":147490},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147492,145755],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147495,30222,147496,2837,147499,147502],{},[15,147497,147498],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147500,147501],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[420,147504,5124,147506,147508],{"id":147505},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147507,145755],{}," work with floats?",[20,147510,147511],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[420,147513,147515,147516,1778],{"id":147514},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147517,145755],{},[20,147519,147520,147521,147523],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147522,36025],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[420,147525,5112,147527,119159,147529,1778],{"id":147526},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147528,145755],{},[15,147530,1424],{},[20,147532,147533],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147535,1821],{"id":1820},[161,147537,147538,147542,147548,147554,147560,147564,147568],{},[164,147539,147540],{},[394,147541,146238],{"href":2375},[164,147543,147544],{},[394,147545,3536,147546,3469],{"href":36146},[15,147547,36149],{},[164,147549,147550],{},[394,147551,3536,147552,3469],{"href":42309},[15,147553,42312],{},[164,147555,147556],{},[394,147557,3536,147558,3469],{"href":42126},[15,147559,47635],{},[164,147561,147562],{},[394,147563,5175],{"href":39959},[164,147565,147566],{},[394,147567,3486],{"href":2921},[164,147569,147570],{},[394,147571,147149],{"href":135041},[1872,147573,147574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":147576},[147577,147578,147580,147581,147582,147584,147592,147598,147605,147611,147612,147624],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":145834,"depth":75,"text":147579},"What sum() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":146012,"depth":75,"text":147583},"Using the start value",{"id":146114,"depth":75,"text":147585,"children":147586},"What sum() can work with",[147587,147588,147589,147591],{"id":40375,"depth":95,"text":40376},{"id":51995,"depth":95,"text":146180},{"id":146241,"depth":95,"text":147590},"Values from range()",{"id":146289,"depth":95,"text":146290},{"id":146363,"depth":75,"text":147593,"children":147594},"What sum() does not work with",[147595,147596,147597],{"id":146374,"depth":95,"text":146375},{"id":146491,"depth":95,"text":146492},{"id":146549,"depth":95,"text":146550},{"id":41455,"depth":75,"text":41456,"children":147599},[147600,147601,147602,147603],{"id":6471,"depth":95,"text":6472},{"id":146685,"depth":95,"text":146686},{"id":146833,"depth":95,"text":146834},{"id":146970,"depth":95,"text":147604},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147152,"depth":75,"text":147606,"children":147607},"sum() vs manual loop",[147608,147610],{"id":147163,"depth":95,"text":147609},"Using sum()",{"id":147217,"depth":95,"text":147218},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":147613},[147614,147616,147618,147620,147622],{"id":147482,"depth":95,"text":147615},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147490,"depth":95,"text":147617},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147505,"depth":95,"text":147619},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147514,"depth":95,"text":147621},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147526,"depth":95,"text":147623},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145747,"description":147625},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147632,"title":147633,"body":147634,"description":149036,"extension":1921,"meta":149037,"navigation":98,"path":149038,"seo":149039,"stem":149040,"__hash__":149041},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147635,"toc":149004},[147636,147642,147648,147651,147714,147720,147725,147729,147746,147760,147764,147784,147798,147800,147893,147895,147909,147911,147914,148003,148005,148013,148022,148024,148028,148049,148051,148143,148145,148166,148168,148172,148186,148188,148262,148264,148283,148287,148290,148313,148315,148426,148433,148441,148443,148449,148452,148495,148498,148521,148529,148533,148608,148614,148639,148646,148649,148652,148656,148661,148749,148757,148761,148764,148789,148793,148854,148858,148907,148917,148919,148924,148927,148933,148936,148940,148944,148950,148953,148961,148969,148971,149001],[10,147637,147639,147640,18],{"id":147638},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147641,57213],{},[20,147643,147644,147647],{},[15,147645,147646],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147649,147650],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147652,147654],{"className":37,"code":147653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147655,147656,147684,147702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147657,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147659,51],{"class":50},[44,147661,55],{"class":54},[44,147663,9185],{"class":58},[44,147665,63],{"class":62},[44,147667,66],{"class":58},[44,147669,69],{"class":62},[44,147671,66],{"class":58},[44,147673,69],{"class":62},[44,147675,66],{"class":58},[44,147677,2408],{"class":62},[44,147679,66],{"class":58},[44,147681,69],{"class":62},[44,147683,121],{"class":58},[44,147685,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147687,911],{"class":50},[44,147689,55],{"class":54},[44,147691,916],{"class":50},[44,147693,108],{"class":58},[44,147695,41211],{"class":111},[44,147697,115],{"class":58},[44,147699,801],{"class":62},[44,147701,121],{"class":58},[44,147703,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147705,128],{"class":127},[44,147707,115],{"class":58},[44,147709,943],{"class":111},[44,147711,1476],{"class":58},[44,147713,50721],{"class":140},[20,147715,144,147716,147719],{},[15,147717,147718],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147721,151,147723,154],{"id":147722},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147724,147646],{},[20,147726,147727,159],{},[15,147728,147718],{},[161,147730,147731,147737,147740,147743],{},[164,147732,147733,147734,147736],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147735,2429],{}," appears in the tuple",[164,147738,147739],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[164,147741,147742],{},"Returns an integer",[164,147744,147745],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147747,147748,147749,147751,147752,2837,147756,108],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147750,57213],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[394,147753,147755],{"href":147754},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[394,147757,147759],{"href":147758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147761,147763],{"id":147762},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147765,147767],{"className":37,"code":147766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147768,147769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147770,147771,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147772,147773],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147775,108],{"class":58},[44,147777,41211],{"class":111},[44,147779,115],{"class":58},[44,147781,2429],{"class":111},[44,147783,121],{"class":58},[161,147785,147786,147790,147793],{},[164,147787,147788,57378],{},[15,147789,2429],{},[164,147791,147792],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[164,147794,147795,147796],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147797,746],{},[420,147799,102874],{"id":102873},[35,147801,147803],{"className":37,"code":147802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147804,147805,147845,147869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147806,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147808,13026],{"class":50},[44,147810,55],{"class":54},[44,147812,9185],{"class":58},[44,147814,273],{"class":272},[44,147816,13043],{"class":276},[44,147818,273],{"class":272},[44,147820,66],{"class":58},[44,147822,284],{"class":272},[44,147824,13060],{"class":276},[44,147826,273],{"class":272},[44,147828,66],{"class":58},[44,147830,284],{"class":272},[44,147832,13043],{"class":276},[44,147834,273],{"class":272},[44,147836,66],{"class":58},[44,147838,284],{"class":272},[44,147840,17405],{"class":276},[44,147842,273],{"class":272},[44,147844,121],{"class":58},[44,147846,147847,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147848,128],{"class":127},[44,147850,115],{"class":58},[44,147852,17452],{"class":111},[44,147854,108],{"class":58},[44,147856,41211],{"class":111},[44,147858,115],{"class":58},[44,147860,273],{"class":272},[44,147862,13043],{"class":276},[44,147864,273],{"class":272},[44,147866,5315],{"class":58},[44,147868,57568],{"class":140},[44,147870,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147872,128],{"class":127},[44,147874,115],{"class":58},[44,147876,17452],{"class":111},[44,147878,108],{"class":58},[44,147880,41211],{"class":111},[44,147882,115],{"class":58},[44,147884,273],{"class":272},[44,147886,22475],{"class":276},[44,147888,273],{"class":272},[44,147890,5315],{"class":58},[44,147892,51197],{"class":140},[20,147894,19907],{},[161,147896,147897,147902],{},[164,147898,147899,147901],{},[15,147900,65158],{}," appears 2 times",[164,147903,147904,147906,147907],{},[15,147905,109570],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147908,746],{},[30,147910,11425],{"id":11424},[20,147912,147913],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147915,147917],{"className":37,"code":147916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147918,147919,147967,147971,147993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147920,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147922,265],{"class":50},[44,147924,55],{"class":54},[44,147926,9185],{"class":58},[44,147928,273],{"class":272},[44,147930,277],{"class":276},[44,147932,273],{"class":272},[44,147934,66],{"class":58},[44,147936,284],{"class":272},[44,147938,287],{"class":276},[44,147940,273],{"class":272},[44,147942,66],{"class":58},[44,147944,284],{"class":272},[44,147946,277],{"class":276},[44,147948,273],{"class":272},[44,147950,66],{"class":58},[44,147952,284],{"class":272},[44,147954,305],{"class":276},[44,147956,273],{"class":272},[44,147958,66],{"class":58},[44,147960,284],{"class":272},[44,147962,277],{"class":276},[44,147964,273],{"class":272},[44,147966,121],{"class":58},[44,147968,147969],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,147970,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,147972,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,147974,911],{"class":50},[44,147976,55],{"class":54},[44,147978,52797],{"class":50},[44,147980,108],{"class":58},[44,147982,41211],{"class":111},[44,147984,115],{"class":58},[44,147986,273],{"class":272},[44,147988,277],{"class":276},[44,147990,273],{"class":272},[44,147992,121],{"class":58},[44,147994,147995,147997,147999,148001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147996,128],{"class":127},[44,147998,115],{"class":58},[44,148000,943],{"class":111},[44,148002,121],{"class":58},[20,148004,2028],{},[35,148006,148007],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,148008,148009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148010,148011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148012,46568],{"class":62},[20,148014,148015,148017,148018,877,148020,108],{},[15,148016,57756],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148019,57213],{},[15,148021,85],{},[30,148023,37971],{"id":37970},[20,148025,57467,148026,128509],{},[15,148027,57213],{},[161,148029,148030,148035,148040,148043],{},[164,148031,175,148032,148034],{},[15,148033,746],{}," when the value does not exist",[164,148036,175,148037,148039],{},[15,148038,63],{}," when the value appears once",[164,148041,148042],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[164,148044,148045,148046,148048],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148047,6944],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148050,2164],{},[35,148052,148054],{"className":37,"code":148053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148055,148056,148097,148101,148128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148057,148058,148061,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148059,148060],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,148062,55],{"class":54},[44,148064,9185],{"class":58},[44,148066,273],{"class":272},[44,148068,8605],{"class":276},[44,148070,273],{"class":272},[44,148072,66],{"class":58},[44,148074,284],{"class":272},[44,148076,8544],{"class":276},[44,148078,273],{"class":272},[44,148080,66],{"class":58},[44,148082,284],{"class":272},[44,148084,8605],{"class":276},[44,148086,273],{"class":272},[44,148088,66],{"class":58},[44,148090,284],{"class":272},[44,148092,8605],{"class":276},[44,148094,273],{"class":272},[44,148096,121],{"class":58},[44,148098,148099],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148100,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,148102,148103,148105,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148104,6944],{"class":3832},[44,148106,148107],{"class":50}," answers",[44,148109,108],{"class":58},[44,148111,41211],{"class":111},[44,148113,115],{"class":58},[44,148115,273],{"class":272},[44,148117,8605],{"class":276},[44,148119,273],{"class":272},[44,148121,1476],{"class":58},[44,148123,38347],{"class":54},[44,148125,5450],{"class":62},[44,148127,6344],{"class":58},[44,148129,148130,148132,148134,148136,148139,148141],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148131,8017],{"class":127},[44,148133,115],{"class":58},[44,148135,273],{"class":272},[44,148137,148138],{"class":276},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148140,273],{"class":272},[44,148142,121],{"class":58},[20,148144,2028],{},[35,148146,148148],{"className":37,"code":148147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148149,148150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148151,148152,148155,148157,148159,148161,148164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148153,148154],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148156,3259],{"class":272},[44,148158,8605],{"class":276},[44,148160,3259],{"class":272},[44,148162,148163],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148165,122153],{"class":58},[30,148167,40997],{"id":40996},[20,148169,35357,148170,104337],{},[15,148171,147646],{},[161,148173,148174,148177,148180,148183],{},[164,148175,148176],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[164,148178,148179],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[164,148181,148182],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[164,148184,148185],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148187,2164],{},[35,148189,148191],{"className":37,"code":148190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148192,148193,148221,148225,148247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148194,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148196,5017],{"class":50},[44,148198,55],{"class":54},[44,148200,9185],{"class":58},[44,148202,2287],{"class":62},[44,148204,66],{"class":58},[44,148206,7738],{"class":62},[44,148208,66],{"class":58},[44,148210,5956],{"class":62},[44,148212,66],{"class":58},[44,148214,7743],{"class":62},[44,148216,66],{"class":58},[44,148218,5956],{"class":62},[44,148220,121],{"class":58},[44,148222,148223],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148224,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,148226,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148228,6944],{"class":3832},[44,148230,5064],{"class":50},[44,148232,108],{"class":58},[44,148234,41211],{"class":111},[44,148236,115],{"class":58},[44,148238,2287],{"class":62},[44,148240,1476],{"class":58},[44,148242,51238],{"class":54},[44,148244,69],{"class":62},[44,148246,6344],{"class":58},[44,148248,148249,148251,148253,148255,148258,148260],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148250,8017],{"class":127},[44,148252,115],{"class":58},[44,148254,273],{"class":272},[44,148256,148257],{"class":276},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148259,273],{"class":272},[44,148261,121],{"class":58},[20,148263,2028],{},[35,148265,148267],{"className":37,"code":148266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148268,148269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148270,148271,148274,148276,148278,148281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148272,148273],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148275,2287],{"class":62},[44,148277,8044],{"class":54},[44,148279,148280],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148282,122153],{"class":58},[30,148284,148286],{"id":148285},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148288,148289],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[161,148291,148292,148298,148303,148306],{},[164,148293,148294,148295,148297],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148296,57213],{}," still works because it only reads data",[164,148299,148300,148302],{},[15,148301,57213],{}," counts exact matches",[164,148304,148305],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[164,148307,148308,398,148310,148312],{},[15,148309,63],{},[15,148311,42109],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148314,2164],{},[35,148316,148318],{"className":37,"code":148317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148319,148320,148354,148358,148378,148402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148321,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148335,148337,148339,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148323,604],{"class":50},[44,148325,55],{"class":54},[44,148327,9185],{"class":58},[44,148329,63],{"class":62},[44,148331,66],{"class":58},[44,148333,148334],{"class":62}," 1.0",[44,148336,66],{"class":58},[44,148338,284],{"class":272},[44,148340,148341],{"class":276},"Cat",[44,148343,273],{"class":272},[44,148345,66],{"class":58},[44,148347,284],{"class":272},[44,148349,36997],{"class":276},[44,148351,273],{"class":272},[44,148353,121],{"class":58},[44,148355,148356],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148357,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,148359,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148361,128],{"class":127},[44,148363,115],{"class":58},[44,148365,621],{"class":111},[44,148367,108],{"class":58},[44,148369,41211],{"class":111},[44,148371,115],{"class":58},[44,148373,63],{"class":62},[44,148375,5315],{"class":58},[44,148377,51044],{"class":140},[44,148379,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148381,128],{"class":127},[44,148383,115],{"class":58},[44,148385,621],{"class":111},[44,148387,108],{"class":58},[44,148389,41211],{"class":111},[44,148391,115],{"class":58},[44,148393,273],{"class":272},[44,148395,148341],{"class":276},[44,148397,273],{"class":272},[44,148399,5315],{"class":58},[44,148401,27731],{"class":140},[44,148403,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,148405,128],{"class":127},[44,148407,115],{"class":58},[44,148409,621],{"class":111},[44,148411,108],{"class":58},[44,148413,41211],{"class":111},[44,148415,115],{"class":58},[44,148417,273],{"class":272},[44,148419,36997],{"class":276},[44,148421,273],{"class":272},[44,148423,5315],{"class":58},[44,148425,27731],{"class":140},[20,148427,5112,148428,5115,148431,1778],{},[15,148429,148430],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148432,801],{},[20,148434,8733,148435,4737,148438,148440],{},[15,148436,148437],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148439,3565],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148442,2788],{"id":2787},[420,148444,582,148446,148448],{"id":148445},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148447,41211],{}," without parentheses",[20,148450,148451],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148453,148455],{"className":37,"code":148454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148456,148457,148481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148458,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473,148475,148477,148479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148460,51],{"class":50},[44,148462,55],{"class":54},[44,148464,9185],{"class":58},[44,148466,63],{"class":62},[44,148468,66],{"class":58},[44,148470,69],{"class":62},[44,148472,66],{"class":58},[44,148474,69],{"class":62},[44,148476,66],{"class":58},[44,148478,2408],{"class":62},[44,148480,121],{"class":58},[44,148482,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148484,128],{"class":127},[44,148486,115],{"class":58},[44,148488,105],{"class":111},[44,148490,108],{"class":58},[44,148492,41211],{"class":1492},[44,148494,121],{"class":58},[20,148496,148497],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148499,148501],{"className":37,"code":148500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148502,148503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148504,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148506,128],{"class":127},[44,148508,115],{"class":58},[44,148510,105],{"class":111},[44,148512,108],{"class":58},[44,148514,41211],{"class":111},[44,148516,115],{"class":58},[44,148518,801],{"class":62},[44,148520,637],{"class":58},[420,148522,8399,148523,8402,148525,2837,148527],{"id":58516},[15,148524,57213],{},[15,148526,3565],{},[15,148528,3633],{},[20,148530,148531,58527],{},[15,148532,57213],{},[35,148534,148536],{"className":37,"code":148535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148537,148538,148570,148592,148596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148539,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148541,672],{"class":50},[44,148543,55],{"class":54},[44,148545,9185],{"class":58},[44,148547,273],{"class":272},[44,148549,394],{"class":276},[44,148551,273],{"class":272},[44,148553,66],{"class":58},[44,148555,284],{"class":272},[44,148557,4714],{"class":276},[44,148559,273],{"class":272},[44,148561,66],{"class":58},[44,148563,284],{"class":272},[44,148565,394],{"class":276},[44,148567,273],{"class":272},[44,148569,121],{"class":58},[44,148571,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148573,911],{"class":50},[44,148575,55],{"class":54},[44,148577,69862],{"class":50},[44,148579,108],{"class":58},[44,148581,41211],{"class":111},[44,148583,115],{"class":58},[44,148585,273],{"class":272},[44,148587,394],{"class":276},[44,148589,273],{"class":272},[44,148591,121],{"class":58},[44,148593,148594],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148595,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,148597,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148599,128],{"class":127},[44,148601,115],{"class":58},[44,148603,943],{"class":111},[44,148605,1476],{"class":58},[44,148607,51365],{"class":140},[20,148609,148610,148611,148613],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148612,3839],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148615,148617],{"className":37,"code":148616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148618,148619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148620,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148622,128],{"class":127},[44,148624,115],{"class":58},[44,148626,273],{"class":272},[44,148628,394],{"class":276},[44,148630,273],{"class":272},[44,148632,21124],{"class":3832},[44,148634,69862],{"class":111},[44,148636,1476],{"class":58},[44,148638,3623],{"class":140},[420,148640,37154,148642,8652,148644],{"id":148641},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148643,147646],{},[15,148645,57218],{},[20,148647,148648],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148650,148651],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[420,148653,148655],{"id":148654},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148657,148658,148660],{},[15,148659,57213],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148662,148664],{"className":37,"code":148663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148665,148666,148699,148725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148667,148668,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148669,1253],{"class":50},[44,148671,55],{"class":54},[44,148673,9185],{"class":58},[44,148675,273],{"class":272},[44,148677,277],{"class":276},[44,148679,273],{"class":272},[44,148681,66],{"class":58},[44,148683,284],{"class":272},[44,148685,148686],{"class":276},"pineapple",[44,148688,273],{"class":272},[44,148690,66],{"class":58},[44,148692,284],{"class":272},[44,148694,277],{"class":276},[44,148696,273],{"class":272},[44,148698,121],{"class":58},[44,148700,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148718,148720,148722],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148702,128],{"class":127},[44,148704,115],{"class":58},[44,148706,1271],{"class":111},[44,148708,108],{"class":58},[44,148710,41211],{"class":111},[44,148712,115],{"class":58},[44,148714,273],{"class":272},[44,148716,148717],{"class":276},"app",[44,148719,273],{"class":272},[44,148721,5315],{"class":58},[44,148723,148724],{"class":140},"    # 0\n",[44,148726,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148728,128],{"class":127},[44,148730,115],{"class":58},[44,148732,1271],{"class":111},[44,148734,108],{"class":58},[44,148736,41211],{"class":111},[44,148738,115],{"class":58},[44,148740,273],{"class":272},[44,148742,277],{"class":276},[44,148744,273],{"class":272},[44,148746,5315],{"class":58},[44,148748,51365],{"class":140},[20,148750,148751,148754,148755,108],{},[15,148752,148753],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148756,746],{},[30,148758,148760],{"id":148759},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148762,148763],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[161,148765,148766,148771,148780,148786],{},[164,148767,144,148768,148770],{},[15,148769,3839],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[164,148772,144,148773,148779],{},[394,148774,148776,148777],{"href":148775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148778,58891],{}," to find the position of a value",[164,148781,144,148782,148785],{},[15,148783,148784],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[164,148787,148788],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148790,45991,148791,159],{},[15,148792,3839],{},[35,148794,148796],{"className":37,"code":148795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148797,148798,148818,148822,148838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148799,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812,148814,148816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148801,51],{"class":50},[44,148803,55],{"class":54},[44,148805,9185],{"class":58},[44,148807,2461],{"class":62},[44,148809,66],{"class":58},[44,148811,5945],{"class":62},[44,148813,66],{"class":58},[44,148815,54073],{"class":62},[44,148817,121],{"class":58},[44,148819,148820],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148821,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,148823,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,148825,128],{"class":127},[44,148827,115],{"class":58},[44,148829,1983],{"class":62},[44,148831,21124],{"class":3832},[44,148833,916],{"class":111},[44,148835,1476],{"class":58},[44,148837,43806],{"class":140},[44,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148841,128],{"class":127},[44,148843,115],{"class":58},[44,148845,1410],{"class":62},[44,148847,21124],{"class":3832},[44,148849,916],{"class":111},[44,148851,1476],{"class":58},[44,148853,43823],{"class":140},[20,148855,45991,148856,159],{},[15,148857,58891],{},[35,148859,148861],{"className":37,"code":148860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148862,148863,148887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148864,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148866,51],{"class":50},[44,148868,55],{"class":54},[44,148870,9185],{"class":58},[44,148872,2461],{"class":62},[44,148874,66],{"class":58},[44,148876,5945],{"class":62},[44,148878,66],{"class":58},[44,148880,54073],{"class":62},[44,148882,66],{"class":58},[44,148884,5945],{"class":62},[44,148886,121],{"class":58},[44,148888,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,148890,128],{"class":127},[44,148892,115],{"class":58},[44,148894,105],{"class":111},[44,148896,108],{"class":58},[44,148898,35798],{"class":111},[44,148900,115],{"class":58},[44,148902,1983],{"class":62},[44,148904,5315],{"class":58},[44,148906,27731],{"class":140},[20,148908,148909,148911,148912,148914,148916],{},[15,148910,57213],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9796,148913],{},[15,148915,58891],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,148918,1757],{"id":1756},[420,148920,5096,148922,5099],{"id":148921},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148923,147646],{},[20,148925,148926],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[420,148928,1761,148930,148932],{"id":148929},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148931,147646],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148934,148935],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[420,148937,148939],{"id":148938},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148941,11861,148942,108],{},[15,148943,746],{},[420,148945,5124,148947,148949],{"id":148946},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148948,147646],{}," count strings?",[20,148951,148952],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[420,148954,1773,148956,398,148958,1778],{"id":148955},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148957,147646],{},[15,148959,148960],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148962,148963,148965,148966,148968],{},[15,148964,57213],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148967,58891],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,148970,1821],{"id":1820},[161,148972,148973,148977,148982,148989,148997],{},[164,148974,148975],{},[394,148976,147755],{"href":147754},[164,148978,148979],{},[394,148980,148981],{"href":147758},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[164,148983,148984],{},[394,148985,148986,148987,574],{"href":148775},"Python tuple ",[15,148988,58891],{},[164,148990,148991],{},[394,148992,148994,148995],{"href":148993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148996,42312],{},[164,148998,148999],{},[394,149000,58879],{"href":58878},[1872,149002,149003],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":149005},[149006,149008,149011,149012,149013,149014,149015,149023,149024,149035],{"id":147722,"depth":75,"text":149007},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147762,"depth":75,"text":147763,"children":149009},[149010],{"id":102873,"depth":95,"text":102874},{"id":11424,"depth":75,"text":11425},{"id":37970,"depth":75,"text":37971},{"id":40996,"depth":75,"text":40997},{"id":148285,"depth":75,"text":148286},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":149016},[149017,149019,149020,149022],{"id":148445,"depth":95,"text":149018},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58516,"depth":95,"text":58932},{"id":148641,"depth":95,"text":149021},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148654,"depth":95,"text":148655},{"id":148759,"depth":75,"text":148760},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":149025},[149026,149028,149030,149031,149033],{"id":148921,"depth":95,"text":149027},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148929,"depth":95,"text":149029},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148938,"depth":95,"text":148939},{"id":148946,"depth":95,"text":149032},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148955,"depth":95,"text":149034},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147633,"description":149036},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149043,"title":149044,"body":149045,"description":150732,"extension":1921,"meta":150733,"navigation":98,"path":150734,"seo":150735,"stem":150736,"__hash__":150737},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149046,"toc":150695},[149047,149050,149053,149062,149064,149194,149196,149257,149263,149265,149285,149289,149292,149295,149330,149332,149353,149356,149395,149397,149422,149429,149433,149436,149473,149475,149498,149501,149504,149516,149522,149526,149529,149535,149576,149578,149601,149604,149645,149647,149674,149676,149693,149695,149712,149715,149719,149722,149724,149758,149760,149807,149811,149850,149854,149857,149914,149916,149957,149963,149969,149974,149976,150013,150015,150035,150037,150070,150072,150105,150108,150112,150145,150147,150172,150175,150177,150191,150198,150200,150203,150207,150210,150245,150248,150283,150287,150290,150329,150332,150371,150375,150377,150407,150410,150417,150419,150451,150454,150486,150489,150520,150522,150539,150543,150546,150610,150612,150616,150623,150627,150630,150634,150637,150641,150644,150649,150655,150657,150692],[10,149048,149044],{"id":149049},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149051,149052],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149054,149055,149056,2837,149060,108],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[394,149057,149059],{"href":149058},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[394,149061,147755],{"href":147754},[30,149063,33],{"id":32},[35,149065,149067],{"className":37,"code":149066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149068,149069,149089,149098,149112,149148,149152,149162,149172,149183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149070,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149072,51],{"class":50},[44,149074,55],{"class":54},[44,149076,9185],{"class":58},[44,149078,63],{"class":62},[44,149080,66],{"class":58},[44,149082,69],{"class":62},[44,149084,66],{"class":58},[44,149086,2408],{"class":62},[44,149088,121],{"class":58},[44,149090,149091,149093,149095],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149092,124619],{"class":50},[44,149094,55],{"class":54},[44,149096,149097],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,149099,149100,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,149101,149102],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,149104,55],{"class":54},[44,149106,9185],{"class":58},[44,149108,1410],{"class":62},[44,149110,149111],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,149113,149114,149117,149119,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149115,149116],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,149118,55],{"class":54},[44,149120,149121],{"class":1458}," tuple",[44,149123,457],{"class":58},[44,149125,273],{"class":272},[44,149127,394],{"class":276},[44,149129,273],{"class":272},[44,149131,66],{"class":58},[44,149133,284],{"class":272},[44,149135,4714],{"class":276},[44,149137,273],{"class":272},[44,149139,66],{"class":58},[44,149141,284],{"class":272},[44,149143,9689],{"class":276},[44,149145,273],{"class":272},[44,149147,466],{"class":58},[44,149149,149150],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,149151,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,149153,149154,149156,149158,149160],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,149155,128],{"class":127},[44,149157,115],{"class":58},[44,149159,105],{"class":111},[44,149161,121],{"class":58},[44,149163,149164,149166,149168,149170],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,149165,128],{"class":127},[44,149167,115],{"class":58},[44,149169,124670],{"class":111},[44,149171,121],{"class":58},[44,149173,149174,149176,149178,149181],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,149175,128],{"class":127},[44,149177,115],{"class":58},[44,149179,149180],{"class":111},"one_item",[44,149182,121],{"class":58},[44,149184,149185,149187,149189,149192],{"class":46,"line":1611},[44,149186,128],{"class":127},[44,149188,115],{"class":58},[44,149190,149191],{"class":111},"from_list",[44,149193,121],{"class":58},[20,149195,2028],{},[35,149197,149199],{"className":37,"code":149198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149200,149201,149217,149221,149229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149202,149203,149205,149207,149209,149211,149213,149215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149204,115],{"class":58},[44,149206,63],{"class":62},[44,149208,66],{"class":58},[44,149210,69],{"class":62},[44,149212,66],{"class":58},[44,149214,2408],{"class":62},[44,149216,121],{"class":58},[44,149218,149219],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149220,8590],{"class":58},[44,149222,149223,149225,149227],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,149224,115],{"class":58},[44,149226,1410],{"class":62},[44,149228,149111],{"class":58},[44,149230,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149232,115],{"class":58},[44,149234,3259],{"class":272},[44,149236,394],{"class":276},[44,149238,3259],{"class":272},[44,149240,66],{"class":58},[44,149242,3254],{"class":272},[44,149244,4714],{"class":276},[44,149246,3259],{"class":272},[44,149248,66],{"class":58},[44,149250,3254],{"class":272},[44,149252,9689],{"class":276},[44,149254,3259],{"class":272},[44,149256,121],{"class":58},[20,149258,149259,149260,108],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149261,149262],{},"(5,)",[30,149264,15111],{"id":15110},[161,149266,149267,149270,149273,149276,149279,149282],{},[164,149268,149269],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[164,149271,149272],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[164,149274,149275],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[164,149277,149278],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[164,149280,149281],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[164,149283,149284],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149286,149288],{"id":149287},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149290,149291],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149293,149294],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149296,149298],{"className":37,"code":149297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149299,149300,149320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149301,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316,149318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149303,51],{"class":50},[44,149305,55],{"class":54},[44,149307,9185],{"class":58},[44,149309,63],{"class":62},[44,149311,66],{"class":58},[44,149313,69],{"class":62},[44,149315,66],{"class":58},[44,149317,2408],{"class":62},[44,149319,121],{"class":58},[44,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149323,128],{"class":127},[44,149325,115],{"class":58},[44,149327,105],{"class":111},[44,149329,121],{"class":58},[20,149331,2028],{},[35,149333,149335],{"className":37,"code":149334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149336,149337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149338,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347,149349,149351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149340,115],{"class":58},[44,149342,63],{"class":62},[44,149344,66],{"class":58},[44,149346,69],{"class":62},[44,149348,66],{"class":58},[44,149350,2408],{"class":62},[44,149352,121],{"class":58},[20,149354,149355],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149357,149359],{"className":37,"code":149358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149360,149361,149385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149362,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149364,9114],{"class":50},[44,149366,55],{"class":54},[44,149368,9185],{"class":58},[44,149370,63],{"class":62},[44,149372,66],{"class":58},[44,149374,284],{"class":272},[44,149376,277],{"class":276},[44,149378,273],{"class":272},[44,149380,66],{"class":58},[44,149382,3872],{"class":1582},[44,149384,121],{"class":58},[44,149386,149387,149389,149391,149393],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149388,128],{"class":127},[44,149390,115],{"class":58},[44,149392,9153],{"class":111},[44,149394,121],{"class":58},[20,149396,2028],{},[35,149398,149400],{"className":37,"code":149399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149401,149402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149403,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149405,115],{"class":58},[44,149407,63],{"class":62},[44,149409,66],{"class":58},[44,149411,3254],{"class":272},[44,149413,277],{"class":276},[44,149415,3259],{"class":272},[44,149417,66],{"class":58},[44,149419,3872],{"class":1582},[44,149421,121],{"class":58},[20,149423,149424,149425,108],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[394,149426,149428],{"href":149427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149430,149432],{"id":149431},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149434,149435],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149437,149439],{"className":37,"code":149438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149440,149441,149449,149459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149442,149443,149445,149447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149444,124619],{"class":50},[44,149446,55],{"class":54},[44,149448,149097],{"class":58},[44,149450,149451,149453,149455,149457],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149452,128],{"class":127},[44,149454,115],{"class":58},[44,149456,124670],{"class":111},[44,149458,121],{"class":58},[44,149460,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,149462,128],{"class":127},[44,149464,115],{"class":58},[44,149466,1459],{"class":1458},[44,149468,115],{"class":58},[44,149470,124670],{"class":111},[44,149472,637],{"class":58},[20,149474,2028],{},[35,149476,149478],{"className":37,"code":149477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149479,149480,149484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149481,149482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149483,8590],{"class":58},[44,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149487,3248],{"class":54},[44,149489,3251],{"class":2022},[44,149491,3254],{"class":272},[44,149493,231],{"class":276},[44,149495,3259],{"class":272},[44,149497,3262],{"class":54},[20,149499,149500],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149502,149503],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[161,149505,149506,149511],{},[164,149507,149508,149509],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149510,7313],{},[164,149512,149513,149514],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149515,3744],{},[20,149517,149518,149519,108],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[394,149520,149521],{"href":401},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149523,149525],{"id":149524},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149527,149528],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149530,149531,149532,149534],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[214,149533,4583],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149536,149538],{"className":37,"code":149537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149539,149540,149552,149562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149541,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149543,2403],{"class":50},[44,149545,55],{"class":54},[44,149547,9185],{"class":58},[44,149549,1410],{"class":62},[44,149551,121],{"class":58},[44,149553,149554,149556,149558,149560],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149555,128],{"class":127},[44,149557,115],{"class":58},[44,149559,2429],{"class":111},[44,149561,121],{"class":58},[44,149563,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,149565,128],{"class":127},[44,149567,115],{"class":58},[44,149569,1459],{"class":1458},[44,149571,115],{"class":58},[44,149573,2429],{"class":111},[44,149575,637],{"class":58},[20,149577,2028],{},[35,149579,149581],{"className":37,"code":149580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149582,149583,149587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149584,149585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149586,2906],{"class":62},[44,149588,149589,149591,149593,149595,149597,149599],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149590,3248],{"class":54},[44,149592,3251],{"class":2022},[44,149594,3254],{"class":272},[44,149596,2145],{"class":276},[44,149598,3259],{"class":272},[44,149600,3262],{"class":54},[20,149602,149603],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149605,149607],{"className":37,"code":149606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149608,149609,149621,149631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149610,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149612,149102],{"class":50},[44,149614,55],{"class":54},[44,149616,9185],{"class":58},[44,149618,1410],{"class":62},[44,149620,149111],{"class":58},[44,149622,149623,149625,149627,149629],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149624,128],{"class":127},[44,149626,115],{"class":58},[44,149628,149180],{"class":111},[44,149630,121],{"class":58},[44,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,149634,128],{"class":127},[44,149636,115],{"class":58},[44,149638,1459],{"class":1458},[44,149640,115],{"class":58},[44,149642,149180],{"class":111},[44,149644,637],{"class":58},[20,149646,2028],{},[35,149648,149650],{"className":37,"code":149649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149651,149652,149660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149653,149654,149656,149658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149655,115],{"class":58},[44,149657,1410],{"class":62},[44,149659,149111],{"class":58},[44,149661,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149663,3248],{"class":54},[44,149665,3251],{"class":2022},[44,149667,3254],{"class":272},[44,149669,231],{"class":276},[44,149671,3259],{"class":272},[44,149673,3262],{"class":54},[20,149675,16605],{},[35,149677,149679],{"className":37,"code":149678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149680,149681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149682,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149684,115],{"class":58},[44,149686,273],{"class":272},[44,149688,277],{"class":276},[44,149690,273],{"class":272},[44,149692,149111],{"class":58},[20,149694,16593],{},[35,149696,149698],{"className":37,"code":149697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149699,149700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149703,115],{"class":58},[44,149705,273],{"class":272},[44,149707,277],{"class":276},[44,149709,273],{"class":272},[44,149711,121],{"class":58},[20,149713,149714],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149716,149718],{"id":149717},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149720,149721],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[420,149723,56388],{"id":105},[35,149725,149726],{"className":37,"code":149297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149727,149728,149748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149729,149730,149732,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149731,51],{"class":50},[44,149733,55],{"class":54},[44,149735,9185],{"class":58},[44,149737,63],{"class":62},[44,149739,66],{"class":58},[44,149741,69],{"class":62},[44,149743,66],{"class":58},[44,149745,2408],{"class":62},[44,149747,121],{"class":58},[44,149749,149750,149752,149754,149756],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149751,128],{"class":127},[44,149753,115],{"class":58},[44,149755,105],{"class":111},[44,149757,121],{"class":58},[420,149759,56391],{"id":5263},[35,149761,149763],{"className":37,"code":149762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149764,149765,149797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149766,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149768,13026],{"class":50},[44,149770,55],{"class":54},[44,149772,9185],{"class":58},[44,149774,273],{"class":272},[44,149776,13043],{"class":276},[44,149778,273],{"class":272},[44,149780,66],{"class":58},[44,149782,284],{"class":272},[44,149784,17405],{"class":276},[44,149786,273],{"class":272},[44,149788,66],{"class":58},[44,149790,284],{"class":272},[44,149792,13060],{"class":276},[44,149794,273],{"class":272},[44,149796,121],{"class":58},[44,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149800,128],{"class":127},[44,149802,115],{"class":58},[44,149804,17452],{"class":111},[44,149806,121],{"class":58},[420,149808,149810],{"id":149809},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149812,149814],{"className":37,"code":149813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149815,149816,149840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149817,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149819,59396],{"class":50},[44,149821,55],{"class":54},[44,149823,9185],{"class":58},[44,149825,63],{"class":62},[44,149827,66],{"class":58},[44,149829,284],{"class":272},[44,149831,277],{"class":276},[44,149833,273],{"class":272},[44,149835,66],{"class":58},[44,149837,3872],{"class":1582},[44,149839,121],{"class":58},[44,149841,149842,149844,149846,149848],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149843,128],{"class":127},[44,149845,115],{"class":58},[44,149847,59449],{"class":111},[44,149849,121],{"class":58},[420,149851,149853],{"id":149852},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149855,149856],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149858,149860],{"className":37,"code":149859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149861,149862,149903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149863,149864,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149865,149866],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149868,55],{"class":54},[44,149870,9185],{"class":58},[44,149872,63],{"class":62},[44,149874,66],{"class":58},[44,149876,9185],{"class":58},[44,149878,273],{"class":272},[44,149880,394],{"class":276},[44,149882,273],{"class":272},[44,149884,66],{"class":58},[44,149886,284],{"class":272},[44,149888,4714],{"class":276},[44,149890,273],{"class":272},[44,149892,9182],{"class":58},[44,149894,59],{"class":58},[44,149896,2287],{"class":62},[44,149898,66],{"class":58},[44,149900,7738],{"class":62},[44,149902,466],{"class":58},[44,149904,149905,149907,149909,149912],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,149906,128],{"class":127},[44,149908,115],{"class":58},[44,149910,149911],{"class":111},"nested",[44,149913,121],{"class":58},[20,149915,2028],{},[35,149917,149919],{"className":37,"code":149918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149920,149921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149922,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149924,115],{"class":58},[44,149926,63],{"class":62},[44,149928,66],{"class":58},[44,149930,9185],{"class":58},[44,149932,3259],{"class":272},[44,149934,394],{"class":276},[44,149936,3259],{"class":272},[44,149938,66],{"class":58},[44,149940,3254],{"class":272},[44,149942,4714],{"class":276},[44,149944,3259],{"class":272},[44,149946,9182],{"class":58},[44,149948,59],{"class":58},[44,149950,2287],{"class":62},[44,149952,66],{"class":58},[44,149954,7738],{"class":62},[44,149956,466],{"class":58},[30,149958,149960,149961],{"id":149959},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149962,37997],{},[20,149964,149965,149966,149968],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149967,37997],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149970,149971,149972,108],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[394,149973,62983],{"href":62982},[420,149975,105014],{"id":105013},[35,149977,149979],{"className":37,"code":149978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149980,149981,150003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149982,149983,149985,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149984,51],{"class":50},[44,149986,55],{"class":54},[44,149988,149121],{"class":1458},[44,149990,457],{"class":58},[44,149992,63],{"class":62},[44,149994,66],{"class":58},[44,149996,69],{"class":62},[44,149998,66],{"class":58},[44,150000,2408],{"class":62},[44,150002,466],{"class":58},[44,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150006,128],{"class":127},[44,150008,115],{"class":58},[44,150010,105],{"class":111},[44,150012,121],{"class":58},[20,150014,2028],{},[35,150016,150017],{"className":37,"code":149334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150018,150019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150020,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150022,115],{"class":58},[44,150024,63],{"class":62},[44,150026,66],{"class":58},[44,150028,69],{"class":62},[44,150030,66],{"class":58},[44,150032,2408],{"class":62},[44,150034,121],{"class":58},[420,150036,105200],{"id":105199},[35,150038,150040],{"className":37,"code":150039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150041,150042,150060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150043,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150045,672],{"class":50},[44,150047,55],{"class":54},[44,150049,149121],{"class":1458},[44,150051,115],{"class":58},[44,150053,273],{"class":272},[44,150055,41512],{"class":276},[44,150057,273],{"class":272},[44,150059,121],{"class":58},[44,150061,150062,150064,150066,150068],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150063,128],{"class":127},[44,150065,115],{"class":58},[44,150067,689],{"class":111},[44,150069,121],{"class":58},[20,150071,2028],{},[35,150073,150075],{"className":37,"code":150074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150076,150077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150078,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150080,115],{"class":58},[44,150082,3259],{"class":272},[44,150084,394],{"class":276},[44,150086,3259],{"class":272},[44,150088,66],{"class":58},[44,150090,3254],{"class":272},[44,150092,4714],{"class":276},[44,150094,3259],{"class":272},[44,150096,66],{"class":58},[44,150098,3254],{"class":272},[44,150100,9689],{"class":276},[44,150102,3259],{"class":272},[44,150104,121],{"class":58},[20,150106,150107],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[420,150109,150111],{"id":150110},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,150113,150115],{"className":37,"code":150114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150116,150117,150135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150118,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150120,604],{"class":50},[44,150122,55],{"class":54},[44,150124,149121],{"class":1458},[44,150126,115],{"class":58},[44,150128,246],{"class":127},[44,150130,115],{"class":58},[44,150132,2461],{"class":62},[44,150134,637],{"class":58},[44,150136,150137,150139,150141,150143],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150138,128],{"class":127},[44,150140,115],{"class":58},[44,150142,621],{"class":111},[44,150144,121],{"class":58},[20,150146,2028],{},[35,150148,150150],{"className":37,"code":150149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150151,150152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150153,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150155,115],{"class":58},[44,150157,746],{"class":62},[44,150159,66],{"class":58},[44,150161,5450],{"class":62},[44,150163,66],{"class":58},[44,150165,69],{"class":62},[44,150167,66],{"class":58},[44,150169,2408],{"class":62},[44,150171,121],{"class":58},[20,150173,150174],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150176,20751],{"id":20750},[161,150178,150179,150182,150185,150188],{},[164,150180,150181],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[164,150183,150184],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[164,150186,150187],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[164,150189,150190],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150192,150193,150194,108],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[394,150195,150197],{"href":150196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150199,2788],{"id":2787},[20,150201,150202],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[420,150204,150206],{"id":150205},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150208,150209],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150211,150213],{"className":37,"code":150212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150214,150215,150231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150216,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150218,28489],{"class":50},[44,150220,55],{"class":54},[44,150222,9185],{"class":58},[44,150224,273],{"class":272},[44,150226,277],{"class":276},[44,150228,273],{"class":272},[44,150230,121],{"class":58},[44,150232,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150234,128],{"class":127},[44,150236,115],{"class":58},[44,150238,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150240,115],{"class":58},[44,150242,23261],{"class":111},[44,150244,637],{"class":58},[20,150246,150247],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150249,150251],{"className":37,"code":150250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150252,150253,150269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150254,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150256,28489],{"class":50},[44,150258,55],{"class":54},[44,150260,9185],{"class":58},[44,150262,273],{"class":272},[44,150264,277],{"class":276},[44,150266,273],{"class":272},[44,150268,149111],{"class":58},[44,150270,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150272,128],{"class":127},[44,150274,115],{"class":58},[44,150276,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150278,115],{"class":58},[44,150280,23261],{"class":111},[44,150282,637],{"class":58},[420,150284,150286],{"id":150285},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150288,150289],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150291,150293],{"className":37,"code":150292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150294,150295,150315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150296,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150298,604],{"class":50},[44,150300,55],{"class":54},[44,150302,59],{"class":58},[44,150304,63],{"class":62},[44,150306,66],{"class":58},[44,150308,69],{"class":62},[44,150310,66],{"class":58},[44,150312,2408],{"class":62},[44,150314,72],{"class":58},[44,150316,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150318,128],{"class":127},[44,150320,115],{"class":58},[44,150322,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150324,115],{"class":58},[44,150326,621],{"class":111},[44,150328,637],{"class":58},[20,150330,150331],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150333,150335],{"className":37,"code":150334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150336,150337,150357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150338,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150340,604],{"class":50},[44,150342,55],{"class":54},[44,150344,9185],{"class":58},[44,150346,63],{"class":62},[44,150348,66],{"class":58},[44,150350,69],{"class":62},[44,150352,66],{"class":58},[44,150354,2408],{"class":62},[44,150356,121],{"class":58},[44,150358,150359,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150360,128],{"class":127},[44,150362,115],{"class":58},[44,150364,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150366,115],{"class":58},[44,150368,621],{"class":111},[44,150370,637],{"class":58},[420,150372,150374],{"id":150373},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150376,150187],{},[35,150378,150380],{"className":37,"code":150379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150381,150382,150402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150383,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398,150400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150385,51],{"class":50},[44,150387,55],{"class":54},[44,150389,9185],{"class":58},[44,150391,63],{"class":62},[44,150393,66],{"class":58},[44,150395,69],{"class":62},[44,150397,66],{"class":58},[44,150399,2408],{"class":62},[44,150401,121],{"class":58},[44,150403,150404],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150405,150406],{"class":140},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150408,150409],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[420,150411,37154,150413,150416],{"id":150412},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150414,150415],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150418,64409],{},[35,150420,150421],{"className":37,"code":150039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150422,150423,150441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150424,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435,150437,150439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150426,672],{"class":50},[44,150428,55],{"class":54},[44,150430,149121],{"class":1458},[44,150432,115],{"class":58},[44,150434,273],{"class":272},[44,150436,41512],{"class":276},[44,150438,273],{"class":272},[44,150440,121],{"class":58},[44,150442,150443,150445,150447,150449],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150444,128],{"class":127},[44,150446,115],{"class":58},[44,150448,689],{"class":111},[44,150450,121],{"class":58},[20,150452,150453],{},"gives:",[35,150455,150456],{"className":37,"code":150074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150457,150458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150459,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150461,115],{"class":58},[44,150463,3259],{"class":272},[44,150465,394],{"class":276},[44,150467,3259],{"class":272},[44,150469,66],{"class":58},[44,150471,3254],{"class":272},[44,150473,4714],{"class":276},[44,150475,3259],{"class":272},[44,150477,66],{"class":58},[44,150479,3254],{"class":272},[44,150481,9689],{"class":276},[44,150483,3259],{"class":272},[44,150485,121],{"class":58},[20,150487,150488],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150490,150492],{"className":37,"code":150491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150493,150494,150510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150495,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150497,6106],{"class":50},[44,150499,55],{"class":54},[44,150501,9185],{"class":58},[44,150503,273],{"class":272},[44,150505,41512],{"class":276},[44,150507,273],{"class":272},[44,150509,149111],{"class":58},[44,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150513,128],{"class":127},[44,150515,115],{"class":58},[44,150517,38342],{"class":111},[44,150519,121],{"class":58},[20,150521,2028],{},[35,150523,150525],{"className":37,"code":150524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150526,150527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150528,150529,150531,150533,150535,150537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150530,115],{"class":58},[44,150532,3259],{"class":272},[44,150534,41512],{"class":276},[44,150536,3259],{"class":272},[44,150538,149111],{"class":58},[420,150540,150542],{"id":150541},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150544,150545],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150547,150549],{"className":37,"code":150548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150550,150551,150568,150572,150582,150596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150552,150553,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150554,150555],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150557,55],{"class":54},[44,150559,9185],{"class":58},[44,150561,273],{"class":272},[44,150563,277],{"class":276},[44,150565,273],{"class":272},[44,150567,149111],{"class":58},[44,150569,150570],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150571,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,150573,150574,150576,150578,150580],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,150575,128],{"class":127},[44,150577,115],{"class":58},[44,150579,147773],{"class":111},[44,150581,121],{"class":58},[44,150583,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150585,128],{"class":127},[44,150587,115],{"class":58},[44,150589,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150591,115],{"class":58},[44,150593,147773],{"class":111},[44,150595,637],{"class":58},[44,150597,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,150599,128],{"class":127},[44,150601,115],{"class":58},[44,150603,11112],{"class":127},[44,150605,115],{"class":58},[44,150607,147773],{"class":111},[44,150609,637],{"class":58},[30,150611,1757],{"id":1756},[420,150613,150615],{"id":150614},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150617,150618,150619,150622],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150620,150621],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[420,150624,150626],{"id":150625},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150628,150629],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[420,150631,150633],{"id":150632},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150635,150636],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[420,150638,150640],{"id":150639},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150642,150643],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[420,150645,5096,150647,12666],{"id":150646},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150648,150415],{},[20,150650,5102,150651,150654],{},[15,150652,150653],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150656,1821],{"id":1820},[161,150658,150659,150663,150667,150673,150678,150683,150687],{},[164,150660,150661],{},[394,150662,147755],{"href":147754},[164,150664,150665],{},[394,150666,149428],{"href":149427},[164,150668,150669],{},[394,150670,150672],{"href":150671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[164,150674,150675],{},[394,150676,150677],{"href":148993},"Python tuple length with len()",[164,150679,150680],{},[394,150681,150682],{"href":149058},"What is a tuple in Python?",[164,150684,150685],{},[394,150686,62983],{"href":62982},[164,150688,150689],{},[394,150690,150691],{"href":150196},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1872,150693,150694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":150696},[150697,150698,150699,150700,150701,150702,150708,150714,150715,150723,150731],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":149287,"depth":75,"text":149288},{"id":149431,"depth":75,"text":149432},{"id":149524,"depth":75,"text":149525},{"id":149717,"depth":75,"text":149718,"children":150703},[150704,150705,150706,150707],{"id":105,"depth":95,"text":56388},{"id":5263,"depth":95,"text":56391},{"id":149809,"depth":95,"text":149810},{"id":149852,"depth":95,"text":149853},{"id":149959,"depth":75,"text":150709,"children":150710},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150711,150712,150713],{"id":105013,"depth":95,"text":105014},{"id":105199,"depth":95,"text":105200},{"id":150110,"depth":95,"text":150111},{"id":20750,"depth":75,"text":20751},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":150716},[150717,150718,150719,150720,150722],{"id":150205,"depth":95,"text":150206},{"id":150285,"depth":95,"text":150286},{"id":150373,"depth":95,"text":150374},{"id":150412,"depth":95,"text":150721},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150541,"depth":95,"text":150542},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":150724},[150725,150726,150727,150728,150729],{"id":150614,"depth":95,"text":150615},{"id":150625,"depth":95,"text":150626},{"id":150632,"depth":95,"text":150633},{"id":150639,"depth":95,"text":150640},{"id":150646,"depth":95,"text":150730},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149044,"description":150732},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150739,"title":150740,"body":150741,"description":152286,"extension":1921,"meta":152287,"navigation":98,"path":152288,"seo":152289,"stem":152290,"__hash__":152291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150742,"toc":152256},[150743,150746,150751,150753,150766,150772,150774,150841,150843,150878,150883,150887,150891,150893,150904,150912,150914,150916,150937,150939,150959,150962,150964,150969,151012,151014,151036,151039,151052,151056,151060,151063,151116,151118,151139,151144,151148,151151,151196,151198,151231,151243,151247,151255,151292,151294,151323,151327,151330,151383,151385,151405,151412,151416,151421,151490,151492,151517,151521,151524,151530,151607,151609,151668,151670,151682,151687,151691,151695,151709,151711,151746,151748,151765,151768,151781,151785,151789,151800,151805,151820,151823,151826,151828,151831,151835,151837,151851,151853,151877,151882,151886,151889,151908,151911,151960,151965,151982,151985,152018,152022,152024,152075,152078,152103,152106,152129,152133,152139,152141,152176,152179,152184,152186,152190,152193,152197,152202,152206,152209,152213,152216,152220,152225,152227,152253],[10,150744,150740],{"id":150745},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150747,9071,150748,150750],{},[15,150749,37997],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150752,82355],{},[161,150754,150755,150760],{},[164,150756,150757,150759],{},[15,150758,37997],{}," creates an empty tuple",[164,150761,150762,150765],{},[15,150763,150764],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150767,150768,150769,150771],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150770,37997],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150773,33],{"id":32},[35,150775,150777],{"className":37,"code":150776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150778,150779,150799,150813,150817,150827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150780,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150782,51],{"class":50},[44,150784,55],{"class":54},[44,150786,59],{"class":58},[44,150788,63],{"class":62},[44,150790,66],{"class":58},[44,150792,69],{"class":62},[44,150794,66],{"class":58},[44,150796,2408],{"class":62},[44,150798,72],{"class":58},[44,150800,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150802,911],{"class":50},[44,150804,55],{"class":54},[44,150806,149121],{"class":1458},[44,150808,115],{"class":58},[44,150810,105],{"class":111},[44,150812,121],{"class":58},[44,150814,150815],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,150816,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150820,128],{"class":127},[44,150822,115],{"class":58},[44,150824,943],{"class":111},[44,150826,121],{"class":58},[44,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,150830,128],{"class":127},[44,150832,115],{"class":58},[44,150834,1459],{"class":1458},[44,150836,115],{"class":58},[44,150838,943],{"class":111},[44,150840,637],{"class":58},[20,150842,2028],{},[35,150844,150846],{"className":37,"code":150845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150847,150848,150864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150849,150850,150852,150854,150856,150858,150860,150862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150851,115],{"class":58},[44,150853,63],{"class":62},[44,150855,66],{"class":58},[44,150857,69],{"class":62},[44,150859,66],{"class":58},[44,150861,2408],{"class":62},[44,150863,121],{"class":58},[44,150865,150866,150868,150870,150872,150874,150876],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150867,3248],{"class":54},[44,150869,3251],{"class":2022},[44,150871,3254],{"class":272},[44,150873,231],{"class":276},[44,150875,3259],{"class":272},[44,150877,3262],{"class":54},[20,150879,144,150880,150882],{},[15,150881,150764],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150884,150886],{"id":150885},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150888,150889,62691],{},[15,150890,37997],{},[20,150892,48878],{},[161,150894,150895,150898,150901],{},[164,150896,150897],{},"creates a tuple object",[164,150899,150900],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[164,150902,150903],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150905,150906,150907,150909,150910,108],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[394,150908,149059],{"href":149058}," or the full guide to ",[394,150911,147755],{"href":147754},[30,150913,188],{"id":187},[20,150915,26438],{},[35,150917,150919],{"className":37,"code":150918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150920,150921,150927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150922,150923,150925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150924,231],{"class":1458},[44,150926,8590],{"class":58},[44,150928,150929,150931,150933,150935],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150930,231],{"class":1458},[44,150932,115],{"class":58},[44,150934,207],{"class":111},[44,150936,121],{"class":58},[20,150938,11408],{},[161,150940,150941,150944],{},[164,150942,150943],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[164,150945,150946,150947],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[161,150948,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957],{},[164,150950,5254],{},[164,150952,5263],{},[164,150954,62762],{},[164,150956,5260],{},[164,150958,7198],{},[20,150960,150961],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,150963,149432],{"id":149431},[20,150965,29601,150966,150968],{},[15,150967,37997],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150970,150972],{"className":37,"code":150971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150973,150974,150984,150988,150998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150975,150976,150978,150980,150982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150977,124619],{"class":50},[44,150979,55],{"class":54},[44,150981,149121],{"class":1458},[44,150983,8590],{"class":58},[44,150985,150986],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,150987,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,150989,150990,150992,150994,150996],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,150991,128],{"class":127},[44,150993,115],{"class":58},[44,150995,124670],{"class":111},[44,150997,121],{"class":58},[44,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151001,128],{"class":127},[44,151003,115],{"class":58},[44,151005,1459],{"class":1458},[44,151007,115],{"class":58},[44,151009,124670],{"class":111},[44,151011,637],{"class":58},[20,151013,2028],{},[35,151015,151016],{"className":37,"code":149477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151017,151018,151022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151019,151020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151021,8590],{"class":58},[44,151023,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151025,3248],{"class":54},[44,151027,3251],{"class":2022},[44,151029,3254],{"class":272},[44,151031,231],{"class":276},[44,151033,3259],{"class":272},[44,151035,3262],{"class":54},[20,151037,151038],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,151040,151042],{"className":37,"code":151041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,151043,151044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151045,151046,151048,151050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151047,124619],{"class":50},[44,151049,55],{"class":54},[44,151051,149097],{"class":58},[30,151053,151055],{"id":151054},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[420,151057,151059],{"id":151058},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151061,151062],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,151064,151066],{"className":37,"code":151065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151067,151068,151088,151102,151106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151069,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151071,51],{"class":50},[44,151073,55],{"class":54},[44,151075,59],{"class":58},[44,151077,2287],{"class":62},[44,151079,66],{"class":58},[44,151081,7738],{"class":62},[44,151083,66],{"class":58},[44,151085,7743],{"class":62},[44,151087,72],{"class":58},[44,151089,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151091,911],{"class":50},[44,151093,55],{"class":54},[44,151095,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151097,115],{"class":58},[44,151099,105],{"class":111},[44,151101,121],{"class":58},[44,151103,151104],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151105,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151107,151108,151110,151112,151114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151109,128],{"class":127},[44,151111,115],{"class":58},[44,151113,943],{"class":111},[44,151115,121],{"class":58},[20,151117,2028],{},[35,151119,151121],{"className":37,"code":151120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151122,151123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151124,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151126,115],{"class":58},[44,151128,2287],{"class":62},[44,151130,66],{"class":58},[44,151132,7738],{"class":62},[44,151134,66],{"class":58},[44,151136,7743],{"class":62},[44,151138,121],{"class":58},[20,151140,151141,151142,108],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[394,151143,104819],{"href":59978},[420,151145,151147],{"id":151146},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151149,151150],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151152,151154],{"className":37,"code":151153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151155,151156,151168,151182,151186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151157,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151159,34638],{"class":50},[44,151161,55],{"class":54},[44,151163,284],{"class":272},[44,151165,36997],{"class":276},[44,151167,3318],{"class":272},[44,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151171,911],{"class":50},[44,151173,55],{"class":54},[44,151175,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151177,115],{"class":58},[44,151179,34659],{"class":111},[44,151181,121],{"class":58},[44,151183,151184],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151185,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151187,151188,151190,151192,151194],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151189,128],{"class":127},[44,151191,115],{"class":58},[44,151193,943],{"class":111},[44,151195,121],{"class":58},[20,151197,2028],{},[35,151199,151201],{"className":37,"code":151200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151202,151203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151206,115],{"class":58},[44,151208,3259],{"class":272},[44,151210,9689],{"class":276},[44,151212,3259],{"class":272},[44,151214,66],{"class":58},[44,151216,3254],{"class":272},[44,151218,394],{"class":276},[44,151220,3259],{"class":272},[44,151222,66],{"class":58},[44,151224,3254],{"class":272},[44,151226,63052],{"class":276},[44,151228,3259],{"class":272},[44,151230,121],{"class":58},[20,151232,151233,151234,14002,151237,151239,151240,108],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151235,151236],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[214,151238,4583],{}," create ",[15,151241,151242],{},"('cat',)",[420,151244,151246],{"id":151245},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151248,151249,151251,151252,151254],{},[15,151250,36149],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151253,37997],{}," collects them all.",[35,151256,151258],{"className":37,"code":151257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151259,151260,151278,151282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151261,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151263,911],{"class":50},[44,151265,55],{"class":54},[44,151267,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151269,115],{"class":58},[44,151271,246],{"class":127},[44,151273,115],{"class":58},[44,151275,1410],{"class":62},[44,151277,637],{"class":58},[44,151279,151280],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151281,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151283,151284,151286,151288,151290],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151285,128],{"class":127},[44,151287,115],{"class":58},[44,151289,943],{"class":111},[44,151291,121],{"class":58},[20,151293,2028],{},[35,151295,151297],{"className":37,"code":151296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151298,151299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151300,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151302,115],{"class":58},[44,151304,746],{"class":62},[44,151306,66],{"class":58},[44,151308,5450],{"class":62},[44,151310,66],{"class":58},[44,151312,69],{"class":62},[44,151314,66],{"class":58},[44,151316,2408],{"class":62},[44,151318,66],{"class":58},[44,151320,90],{"class":62},[44,151322,121],{"class":58},[420,151324,151326],{"id":151325},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151328,151329],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151331,151333],{"className":37,"code":151332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151334,151335,151355,151369,151373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151336,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351,151353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151338,604],{"class":50},[44,151340,55],{"class":54},[44,151342,10441],{"class":58},[44,151344,63],{"class":62},[44,151346,66],{"class":58},[44,151348,69],{"class":62},[44,151350,66],{"class":58},[44,151352,2408],{"class":62},[44,151354,9258],{"class":58},[44,151356,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151358,911],{"class":50},[44,151360,55],{"class":54},[44,151362,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151364,115],{"class":58},[44,151366,621],{"class":111},[44,151368,121],{"class":58},[44,151370,151371],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151372,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151376,128],{"class":127},[44,151378,115],{"class":58},[44,151380,943],{"class":111},[44,151382,121],{"class":58},[20,151384,2028],{},[35,151386,151387],{"className":37,"code":149334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151388,151389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151390,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151392,115],{"class":58},[44,151394,63],{"class":62},[44,151396,66],{"class":58},[44,151398,69],{"class":62},[44,151400,66],{"class":58},[44,151402,2408],{"class":62},[44,151404,121],{"class":58},[20,151406,151407,151408,108],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[394,151409,151411],{"href":151410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[420,151413,151415],{"id":151414},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151417,63305,151418,151420],{},[15,151419,37997],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151422,151424],{"className":37,"code":151423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151425,151426,151462,151476,151480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151427,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151429,13155],{"class":50},[44,151431,55],{"class":54},[44,151433,10441],{"class":58},[44,151435,273],{"class":272},[44,151437,7616],{"class":276},[44,151439,273],{"class":272},[44,151441,159],{"class":58},[44,151443,284],{"class":272},[44,151445,12830],{"class":276},[44,151447,273],{"class":272},[44,151449,66],{"class":58},[44,151451,284],{"class":272},[44,151453,9248],{"class":276},[44,151455,273],{"class":272},[44,151457,159],{"class":58},[44,151459,9255],{"class":62},[44,151461,9258],{"class":58},[44,151463,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151465,911],{"class":50},[44,151467,55],{"class":54},[44,151469,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151471,115],{"class":58},[44,151473,17256],{"class":111},[44,151475,121],{"class":58},[44,151477,151478],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151479,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151481,151482,151484,151486,151488],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151483,128],{"class":127},[44,151485,115],{"class":58},[44,151487,943],{"class":111},[44,151489,121],{"class":58},[20,151491,29981],{},[35,151493,151495],{"className":37,"code":151494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151496,151497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151498,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151500,115],{"class":58},[44,151502,3259],{"class":272},[44,151504,7616],{"class":276},[44,151506,3259],{"class":272},[44,151508,66],{"class":58},[44,151510,3254],{"class":272},[44,151512,9248],{"class":276},[44,151514,3259],{"class":272},[44,151516,121],{"class":58},[30,151518,151520],{"id":151519},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151522,151523],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151525,151526,151529],{},[15,151527,151528],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151531,151533],{"className":37,"code":151532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151534,151535,151571,151575,151589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151536,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151538,13155],{"class":50},[44,151540,55],{"class":54},[44,151542,10441],{"class":58},[44,151544,273],{"class":272},[44,151546,7616],{"class":276},[44,151548,273],{"class":272},[44,151550,159],{"class":58},[44,151552,284],{"class":272},[44,151554,12830],{"class":276},[44,151556,273],{"class":272},[44,151558,66],{"class":58},[44,151560,284],{"class":272},[44,151562,9248],{"class":276},[44,151564,273],{"class":272},[44,151566,159],{"class":58},[44,151568,9255],{"class":62},[44,151570,9258],{"class":58},[44,151572,151573],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151574,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,151576,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,151578,128],{"class":127},[44,151580,115],{"class":58},[44,151582,231],{"class":1458},[44,151584,115],{"class":58},[44,151586,17256],{"class":111},[44,151588,637],{"class":58},[44,151590,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151592,128],{"class":127},[44,151594,115],{"class":58},[44,151596,231],{"class":1458},[44,151598,115],{"class":58},[44,151600,17256],{"class":111},[44,151602,108],{"class":58},[44,151604,835],{"class":111},[44,151606,6241],{"class":58},[20,151608,2028],{},[35,151610,151612],{"className":37,"code":151611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151613,151614,151634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151615,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151617,115],{"class":58},[44,151619,3259],{"class":272},[44,151621,7616],{"class":276},[44,151623,3259],{"class":272},[44,151625,66],{"class":58},[44,151627,3254],{"class":272},[44,151629,9248],{"class":276},[44,151631,3259],{"class":272},[44,151633,121],{"class":58},[44,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151637,628],{"class":58},[44,151639,3259],{"class":272},[44,151641,7616],{"class":276},[44,151643,3259],{"class":272},[44,151645,66],{"class":58},[44,151647,3254],{"class":272},[44,151649,12830],{"class":276},[44,151651,3259],{"class":272},[44,151653,9182],{"class":58},[44,151655,9185],{"class":58},[44,151657,3259],{"class":272},[44,151659,9248],{"class":276},[44,151661,3259],{"class":272},[44,151663,66],{"class":58},[44,151665,9255],{"class":62},[44,151667,637],{"class":58},[20,151669,552],{},[161,151671,151672,151677],{},[164,151673,151674,151676],{},[15,151675,151528],{}," for keys",[164,151678,151679,32508],{},[15,151680,151681],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151683,151684,151685,108],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[394,151686,63315],{"href":63314},[30,151688,151690],{"id":151689},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151692,151693,18269],{},[15,151694,37997],{},[161,151696,151697,151700,151703,151706],{},[164,151698,151699],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[164,151701,151702],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[164,151704,151705],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[164,151707,151708],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151710,2164],{},[35,151712,151714],{"className":37,"code":151713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151715,151716,151735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151717,151718,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151719,151720],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151722,55],{"class":54},[44,151724,149121],{"class":1458},[44,151726,457],{"class":58},[44,151728,2461],{"class":62},[44,151730,66],{"class":58},[44,151732,5945],{"class":62},[44,151734,466],{"class":58},[44,151736,151737,151739,151741,151744],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,151738,128],{"class":127},[44,151740,115],{"class":58},[44,151742,151743],{"class":111},"coordinates",[44,151745,121],{"class":58},[20,151747,2028],{},[35,151749,151751],{"className":37,"code":151750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151752,151753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151754,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151756,115],{"class":58},[44,151758,2461],{"class":62},[44,151760,66],{"class":58},[44,151762,5945],{"class":62},[44,151764,121],{"class":58},[20,151766,151767],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[161,151769,151770,151772,151775,151778],{},[164,151771,151743],{},[164,151773,151774],{},"RGB colors",[164,151776,151777],{},"dates",[164,151779,151780],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151782,151784],{"id":151783},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151786,44380,151787,10551],{},[15,151788,37997],{},[161,151790,151791,151794,151797],{},[164,151792,151793],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[164,151795,151796],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[164,151798,151799],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151801,116246,151802,151804],{},[214,151803,4583],{}," work:",[35,151806,151808],{"className":37,"code":151807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151809,151810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151811,151812,151814,151816,151818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151813,231],{"class":1458},[44,151815,115],{"class":58},[44,151817,1410],{"class":62},[44,151819,121],{"class":58},[20,151821,151822],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151824,151825],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151827,115084],{"id":115083},[20,151829,151830],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[420,151832,151834],{"id":151833},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151836,2795],{},[35,151838,151839],{"className":37,"code":151807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151840,151841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151842,151843,151845,151847,151849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151844,231],{"class":1458},[44,151846,115],{"class":58},[44,151848,1410],{"class":62},[44,151850,121],{"class":58},[20,151852,29632],{},[35,151854,151855],{"className":37,"code":63419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151856,151857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151858,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151860,1424],{"class":1458},[44,151862,159],{"class":58},[44,151864,3254],{"class":272},[44,151866,2145],{"class":276},[44,151868,3259],{"class":272},[44,151870,24568],{"class":1458},[44,151872,8044],{"class":54},[44,151874,8047],{"class":54},[44,151876,63442],{"class":50},[20,151878,151879,151880,108],{},"If you see this, read ",[394,151881,1429],{"href":1428},[420,151883,151885],{"id":151884},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151887,151888],{},"This code:",[35,151890,151892],{"className":37,"code":151891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151893,151894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151895,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151897,231],{"class":1458},[44,151899,115],{"class":58},[44,151901,273],{"class":272},[44,151903,1262],{"class":276},[44,151905,273],{"class":272},[44,151907,121],{"class":58},[20,151909,151910],{},"returns:",[35,151912,151914],{"className":37,"code":151913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151915,151916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151917,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151919,115],{"class":58},[44,151921,3259],{"class":272},[44,151923,60361],{"class":276},[44,151925,3259],{"class":272},[44,151927,66],{"class":58},[44,151929,3254],{"class":272},[44,151931,60370],{"class":276},[44,151933,3259],{"class":272},[44,151935,66],{"class":58},[44,151937,3254],{"class":272},[44,151939,60379],{"class":276},[44,151941,3259],{"class":272},[44,151943,66],{"class":58},[44,151945,3254],{"class":272},[44,151947,60379],{"class":276},[44,151949,3259],{"class":272},[44,151951,66],{"class":58},[44,151953,3254],{"class":272},[44,151955,60396],{"class":276},[44,151957,3259],{"class":272},[44,151959,121],{"class":58},[20,151961,40857,151962,151964],{},[214,151963,4583],{}," return:",[35,151966,151968],{"className":37,"code":151967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151969,151970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151971,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151973,115],{"class":58},[44,151975,3259],{"class":272},[44,151977,1262],{"class":276},[44,151979,3259],{"class":272},[44,151981,149111],{"class":58},[20,151983,151984],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151986,151988],{"className":37,"code":151987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151989,151990,152007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151991,151992,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003,152005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151993,151994],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151996,55],{"class":54},[44,151998,9185],{"class":58},[44,152000,273],{"class":272},[44,152002,1262],{"class":276},[44,152004,273],{"class":272},[44,152006,149111],{"class":58},[44,152008,152009,152011,152013,152016],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152010,128],{"class":127},[44,152012,115],{"class":58},[44,152014,152015],{"class":111},"single",[44,152017,121],{"class":58},[420,152019,152021],{"id":152020},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152023,151888],{},[35,152025,152027],{"className":37,"code":152026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152028,152029,152061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152030,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152032,9114],{"class":50},[44,152034,55],{"class":54},[44,152036,10441],{"class":58},[44,152038,273],{"class":272},[44,152040,394],{"class":276},[44,152042,273],{"class":272},[44,152044,159],{"class":58},[44,152046,5450],{"class":62},[44,152048,66],{"class":58},[44,152050,284],{"class":272},[44,152052,4714],{"class":276},[44,152054,273],{"class":272},[44,152056,159],{"class":58},[44,152058,69],{"class":62},[44,152060,9258],{"class":58},[44,152062,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152064,128],{"class":127},[44,152066,115],{"class":58},[44,152068,231],{"class":1458},[44,152070,115],{"class":58},[44,152072,9153],{"class":111},[44,152074,637],{"class":58},[20,152076,152077],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,152079,152081],{"className":37,"code":152080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152082,152083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152084,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152086,115],{"class":58},[44,152088,3259],{"class":272},[44,152090,394],{"class":276},[44,152092,3259],{"class":272},[44,152094,66],{"class":58},[44,152096,3254],{"class":272},[44,152098,4714],{"class":276},[44,152100,3259],{"class":272},[44,152102,121],{"class":58},[20,152104,152105],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,152107,152109],{"className":37,"code":152108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152110,152111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152112,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152114,128],{"class":127},[44,152116,115],{"class":58},[44,152118,231],{"class":1458},[44,152120,115],{"class":58},[44,152122,9153],{"class":111},[44,152124,108],{"class":58},[44,152126,835],{"class":111},[44,152128,6241],{"class":58},[420,152130,152132],{"id":152131},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152134,152135,152136,152138],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152137,37997],{}," conversion.",[20,152140,1659],{},[35,152142,152144],{"className":37,"code":152143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152145,152146,152166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152147,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152149,2403],{"class":50},[44,152151,55],{"class":54},[44,152153,9185],{"class":58},[44,152155,63],{"class":62},[44,152157,66],{"class":58},[44,152159,69],{"class":62},[44,152161,66],{"class":58},[44,152163,2408],{"class":62},[44,152165,121],{"class":58},[44,152167,152168,152170,152172,152174],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152169,128],{"class":127},[44,152171,115],{"class":58},[44,152173,2429],{"class":111},[44,152175,121],{"class":58},[20,152177,152178],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152180,25456,152181,152183],{},[15,152182,37997],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152185,1757],{"id":1756},[420,152187,152189],{"id":152188},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152191,152192],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[420,152194,152196],{"id":152195},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152198,152199,152200,108],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152201,7313],{},[420,152203,152205],{"id":152204},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152207,152208],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[420,152210,152212],{"id":152211},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152214,152215],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[420,152217,152219],{"id":152218},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152221,152222,152223,108],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152224,1424],{},[30,152226,1821],{"id":1820},[161,152228,152229,152233,152237,152241,152245,152249],{},[164,152230,152231],{},[394,152232,147755],{"href":147754},[164,152234,152235],{},[394,152236,150682],{"href":149058},[164,152238,152239],{},[394,152240,104819],{"href":59978},[164,152242,152243],{},[394,152244,151411],{"href":151410},[164,152246,152247],{},[394,152248,63315],{"href":63314},[164,152250,152251],{},[394,152252,1429],{"href":1428},[1872,152254,152255],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":152257},[152258,152259,152260,152261,152262,152269,152270,152271,152272,152278,152285],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":150885,"depth":75,"text":150886},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":149431,"depth":75,"text":149432},{"id":151054,"depth":75,"text":151055,"children":152263},[152264,152265,152266,152267,152268],{"id":151058,"depth":95,"text":151059},{"id":151146,"depth":95,"text":151147},{"id":151245,"depth":95,"text":151246},{"id":151325,"depth":95,"text":151326},{"id":151414,"depth":95,"text":151415},{"id":151519,"depth":75,"text":151520},{"id":151689,"depth":75,"text":151690},{"id":151783,"depth":75,"text":151784},{"id":115083,"depth":75,"text":115084,"children":152273},[152274,152275,152276,152277],{"id":151833,"depth":95,"text":151834},{"id":151884,"depth":95,"text":151885},{"id":152020,"depth":95,"text":152021},{"id":152131,"depth":95,"text":152132},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":152279},[152280,152281,152282,152283,152284],{"id":152188,"depth":95,"text":152189},{"id":152195,"depth":95,"text":152196},{"id":152204,"depth":95,"text":152205},{"id":152211,"depth":95,"text":152212},{"id":152218,"depth":95,"text":152219},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150740,"description":152286},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152293,"title":152294,"body":152295,"description":153708,"extension":1921,"meta":153709,"navigation":98,"path":153710,"seo":153711,"stem":153712,"__hash__":153713},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152296,"toc":153680},[152297,152302,152307,152310,152312,152391,152397,152402,152406,152421,152423,152470,152472,152480,152488,152494,152496,152501,152521,152524,152551,152553,152577,152579,152721,152723,152727,152735,152738,152740,152817,152819,152827,152831,152835,152845,152855,152857,152862,152864,152923,152928,152930,153030,153032,153046,153051,153057,153064,153067,153069,153179,153183,153200,153202,153265,153267,153275,153287,153291,153296,153324,153327,153409,153411,153422,153424,153428,153455,153457,153459,153539,153547,153549,153604,153606,153611,153614,153618,153622,153624,153628,153632,153640,153647,153650,153652,153677],[10,152298,147639,152300,18],{"id":152299},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152301,58891],{},[20,152303,152304,152306],{},[15,152305,148960],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152308,152309],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152311,33],{"id":32},[35,152313,152315],{"className":37,"code":152314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152316,152317,152357,152379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152318,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341,152343,152345,152347,152349,152351,152353,152355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152320,13026],{"class":50},[44,152322,55],{"class":54},[44,152324,9185],{"class":58},[44,152326,273],{"class":272},[44,152328,13043],{"class":276},[44,152330,273],{"class":272},[44,152332,66],{"class":58},[44,152334,284],{"class":272},[44,152336,13060],{"class":276},[44,152338,273],{"class":272},[44,152340,66],{"class":58},[44,152342,284],{"class":272},[44,152344,17405],{"class":276},[44,152346,273],{"class":272},[44,152348,66],{"class":58},[44,152350,284],{"class":272},[44,152352,13060],{"class":276},[44,152354,273],{"class":272},[44,152356,121],{"class":58},[44,152358,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152360,64685],{"class":50},[44,152362,55],{"class":54},[44,152364,13074],{"class":50},[44,152366,108],{"class":58},[44,152368,35798],{"class":111},[44,152370,115],{"class":58},[44,152372,273],{"class":272},[44,152374,13060],{"class":276},[44,152376,273],{"class":272},[44,152378,121],{"class":58},[44,152380,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,152382,128],{"class":127},[44,152384,115],{"class":58},[44,152386,64712],{"class":111},[44,152388,1476],{"class":58},[44,152390,27731],{"class":140},[20,152392,152393,152396],{},[15,152394,152395],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152398,151,152400,154],{"id":152399},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152401,148960],{},[20,152403,1938,152404,11363],{},[15,152405,58891],{},[161,152407,152408,152411,152413,152416],{},[164,152409,152410],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[164,152412,128237],{},[164,152414,152415],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[164,152417,152418,152419],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152420,746],{},[20,152422,2164],{},[35,152424,152426],{"className":37,"code":152425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152427,152428,152452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152429,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152431,51],{"class":50},[44,152433,55],{"class":54},[44,152435,9185],{"class":58},[44,152437,2287],{"class":62},[44,152439,66],{"class":58},[44,152441,7738],{"class":62},[44,152443,66],{"class":58},[44,152445,7743],{"class":62},[44,152447,66],{"class":58},[44,152449,7738],{"class":62},[44,152451,121],{"class":58},[44,152453,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152455,128],{"class":127},[44,152457,115],{"class":58},[44,152459,105],{"class":111},[44,152461,108],{"class":58},[44,152463,35798],{"class":111},[44,152465,115],{"class":58},[44,152467,15703],{"class":62},[44,152469,637],{"class":58},[20,152471,2028],{},[35,152473,152474],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152475,152476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152477,152478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152479,46868],{"class":62},[20,152481,20928,152482,152484,152485,152487],{},[15,152483,15703],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152486,58891],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152489,150906,152490,108],{},[394,152491,152493],{"href":152492},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152495,188],{"id":187},[20,152497,7711,152498,152500],{},[15,152499,58891],{}," in two ways:",[35,152502,152504],{"className":37,"code":152503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152505,152506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152507,152508,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152509,152510],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152512,108],{"class":58},[44,152514,35798],{"class":111},[44,152516,115],{"class":58},[44,152518,2429],{"class":111},[44,152520,121],{"class":58},[20,152522,152523],{},"or:",[35,152525,152527],{"className":37,"code":152526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152528,152529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152530,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152532,152510],{"class":50},[44,152534,108],{"class":58},[44,152536,35798],{"class":111},[44,152538,115],{"class":58},[44,152540,2429],{"class":111},[44,152542,66],{"class":58},[44,152544,36004],{"class":111},[44,152546,66],{"class":58},[44,152548,64806],{"class":111},[44,152550,121],{"class":58},[420,152552,17344],{"id":17343},[161,152554,152555,152560,152565,152570],{},[164,152556,152557,152559],{},[15,152558,2429],{}," — the item to search for",[164,152561,152562,152564],{},[15,152563,36025],{}," — optional starting position",[164,152566,152567,152569],{},[15,152568,52608],{}," — optional ending position",[164,152571,152572,4737,152574,152576],{},[15,152573,52608],{},[214,152575,64835],{}," in the search",[20,152578,2164],{},[35,152580,152582],{"className":37,"code":152581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152583,152584,152632,152636,152661,152689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152585,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152587,672],{"class":50},[44,152589,55],{"class":54},[44,152591,9185],{"class":58},[44,152593,273],{"class":272},[44,152595,394],{"class":276},[44,152597,273],{"class":272},[44,152599,66],{"class":58},[44,152601,284],{"class":272},[44,152603,4714],{"class":276},[44,152605,273],{"class":272},[44,152607,66],{"class":58},[44,152609,284],{"class":272},[44,152611,9689],{"class":276},[44,152613,273],{"class":272},[44,152615,66],{"class":58},[44,152617,284],{"class":272},[44,152619,4714],{"class":276},[44,152621,273],{"class":272},[44,152623,66],{"class":58},[44,152625,284],{"class":272},[44,152627,18717],{"class":276},[44,152629,273],{"class":272},[44,152631,121],{"class":58},[44,152633,152634],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152635,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,152637,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,152639,128],{"class":127},[44,152641,115],{"class":58},[44,152643,689],{"class":111},[44,152645,108],{"class":58},[44,152647,35798],{"class":111},[44,152649,115],{"class":58},[44,152651,273],{"class":272},[44,152653,4714],{"class":276},[44,152655,273],{"class":272},[44,152657,5315],{"class":58},[44,152659,152660],{"class":140},"        # 1\n",[44,152662,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152664,128],{"class":127},[44,152666,115],{"class":58},[44,152668,689],{"class":111},[44,152670,108],{"class":58},[44,152672,35798],{"class":111},[44,152674,115],{"class":58},[44,152676,273],{"class":272},[44,152678,4714],{"class":276},[44,152680,273],{"class":272},[44,152682,66],{"class":58},[44,152684,69],{"class":62},[44,152686,5315],{"class":58},[44,152688,50869],{"class":140},[44,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,152692,128],{"class":127},[44,152694,115],{"class":58},[44,152696,689],{"class":111},[44,152698,108],{"class":58},[44,152700,35798],{"class":111},[44,152702,115],{"class":58},[44,152704,273],{"class":272},[44,152706,4714],{"class":276},[44,152708,273],{"class":272},[44,152710,66],{"class":58},[44,152712,5450],{"class":62},[44,152714,66],{"class":58},[44,152716,2408],{"class":62},[44,152718,5315],{"class":58},[44,152720,27731],{"class":140},[30,152722,103146],{"id":103145},[20,152724,152725,25459],{},[15,152726,148960],{},[161,152728,152729,152732],{},[164,152730,152731],{},"An integer",[164,152733,152734],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152736,152737],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152739,2164],{},[35,152741,152743],{"className":37,"code":152742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152744,152745,152785,152807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152748,108245],{"class":50},[44,152750,55],{"class":54},[44,152752,9185],{"class":58},[44,152754,273],{"class":272},[44,152756,36997],{"class":276},[44,152758,273],{"class":272},[44,152760,66],{"class":58},[44,152762,284],{"class":272},[44,152764,58050],{"class":276},[44,152766,273],{"class":272},[44,152768,66],{"class":58},[44,152770,284],{"class":272},[44,152772,58067],{"class":276},[44,152774,273],{"class":272},[44,152776,66],{"class":58},[44,152778,284],{"class":272},[44,152780,58050],{"class":276},[44,152782,273],{"class":272},[44,152784,121],{"class":58},[44,152786,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152788,911],{"class":50},[44,152790,55],{"class":54},[44,152792,108288],{"class":50},[44,152794,108],{"class":58},[44,152796,35798],{"class":111},[44,152798,115],{"class":58},[44,152800,273],{"class":272},[44,152802,58050],{"class":276},[44,152804,273],{"class":272},[44,152806,121],{"class":58},[44,152808,152809,152811,152813,152815],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,152810,128],{"class":127},[44,152812,115],{"class":58},[44,152814,943],{"class":111},[44,152816,121],{"class":58},[20,152818,2028],{},[35,152820,152821],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152822,152823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152824,152825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152826,46868],{"class":62},[30,152828,152830],{"id":152829},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152832,144,152833,10551],{},[15,152834,148960],{},[161,152836,152837,152839,152842],{},[164,152838,65864],{},[164,152840,152841],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[164,152843,152844],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152846,152847,152848,152851,152852,108],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152849,152850],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[394,152853,149428],{"href":152854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,152856,65396],{"id":65395},[20,152858,152859,152860,108],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152861,40655],{},[20,152863,2164],{},[35,152865,152867],{"className":37,"code":152866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152868,152869,152901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152870,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152872,13026],{"class":50},[44,152874,55],{"class":54},[44,152876,9185],{"class":58},[44,152878,273],{"class":272},[44,152880,13043],{"class":276},[44,152882,273],{"class":272},[44,152884,66],{"class":58},[44,152886,284],{"class":272},[44,152888,13060],{"class":276},[44,152890,273],{"class":272},[44,152892,66],{"class":58},[44,152894,284],{"class":272},[44,152896,17405],{"class":276},[44,152898,273],{"class":272},[44,152900,121],{"class":58},[44,152902,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152904,128],{"class":127},[44,152906,115],{"class":58},[44,152908,17452],{"class":111},[44,152910,108],{"class":58},[44,152912,35798],{"class":111},[44,152914,115],{"class":58},[44,152916,273],{"class":272},[44,152918,22475],{"class":276},[44,152920,273],{"class":272},[44,152922,637],{"class":58},[20,152924,1415,152925,152927],{},[15,152926,109570],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152929,65471],{},[35,152931,152933],{"className":37,"code":152932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152934,152935,152967,152971,152987,153009,153015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152936,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152938,13026],{"class":50},[44,152940,55],{"class":54},[44,152942,9185],{"class":58},[44,152944,273],{"class":272},[44,152946,13043],{"class":276},[44,152948,273],{"class":272},[44,152950,66],{"class":58},[44,152952,284],{"class":272},[44,152954,13060],{"class":276},[44,152956,273],{"class":272},[44,152958,66],{"class":58},[44,152960,284],{"class":272},[44,152962,17405],{"class":276},[44,152964,273],{"class":272},[44,152966,121],{"class":58},[44,152968,152969],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,152970,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,152972,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,152974,6944],{"class":3832},[44,152976,284],{"class":272},[44,152978,22475],{"class":276},[44,152980,273],{"class":272},[44,152982,21124],{"class":54},[44,152984,13074],{"class":50},[44,152986,6344],{"class":58},[44,152988,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152990,8017],{"class":127},[44,152992,115],{"class":58},[44,152994,17452],{"class":111},[44,152996,108],{"class":58},[44,152998,35798],{"class":111},[44,153000,115],{"class":58},[44,153002,273],{"class":272},[44,153004,22475],{"class":276},[44,153006,273],{"class":272},[44,153008,637],{"class":58},[44,153010,153011,153013],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,153012,27385],{"class":3832},[44,153014,6344],{"class":58},[44,153016,153017,153019,153021,153023,153026,153028],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,153018,8017],{"class":127},[44,153020,115],{"class":58},[44,153022,273],{"class":272},[44,153024,153025],{"class":276},"Value not found",[44,153027,273],{"class":272},[44,153029,121],{"class":58},[20,153031,2028],{},[35,153033,153035],{"className":37,"code":153034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,153036,153037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153038,153039,153042,153044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153040,153041],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,153043,4583],{"class":54},[44,153045,65595],{"class":50},[20,153047,153048,153049,108],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[394,153050,65605],{"href":65604},[30,153052,582,153053,398,153055],{"id":65172},[15,153054,36025],{},[15,153056,52608],{},[20,153058,1938,153059,398,153061,153063],{},[15,153060,36025],{},[15,153062,52608],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153065,153066],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153068,2164],{},[35,153070,153072],{"className":37,"code":153071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153073,153074,153102,153106,153127,153151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153075,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153077,604],{"class":50},[44,153079,55],{"class":54},[44,153081,9185],{"class":58},[44,153083,1410],{"class":62},[44,153085,66],{"class":58},[44,153087,5956],{"class":62},[44,153089,66],{"class":58},[44,153091,4557],{"class":62},[44,153093,66],{"class":58},[44,153095,7738],{"class":62},[44,153097,66],{"class":58},[44,153099,4557],{"class":62},[44,153101,121],{"class":58},[44,153103,153104],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153105,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,153107,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153109,128],{"class":127},[44,153111,115],{"class":58},[44,153113,621],{"class":111},[44,153115,108],{"class":58},[44,153117,35798],{"class":111},[44,153119,115],{"class":58},[44,153121,1410],{"class":62},[44,153123,5315],{"class":58},[44,153125,153126],{"class":140},"        # 0\n",[44,153128,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153130,128],{"class":127},[44,153132,115],{"class":58},[44,153134,621],{"class":111},[44,153136,108],{"class":58},[44,153138,35798],{"class":111},[44,153140,115],{"class":58},[44,153142,1410],{"class":62},[44,153144,66],{"class":58},[44,153146,5450],{"class":62},[44,153148,5315],{"class":58},[44,153150,50903],{"class":140},[44,153152,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,153154,128],{"class":127},[44,153156,115],{"class":58},[44,153158,621],{"class":111},[44,153160,108],{"class":58},[44,153162,35798],{"class":111},[44,153164,115],{"class":58},[44,153166,1410],{"class":62},[44,153168,66],{"class":58},[44,153170,2408],{"class":62},[44,153172,66],{"class":58},[44,153174,4557],{"class":62},[44,153176,5315],{"class":58},[44,153178,50886],{"class":140},[420,153180,153182],{"id":153181},"how-it-works","How it works",[161,153184,153185,153190,153195],{},[164,153186,153187,153189],{},[15,153188,36025],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[164,153191,153192,153194],{},[15,153193,52608],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[164,153196,1938,153197,153199],{},[15,153198,52608],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153201,2164],{},[35,153203,153205],{"className":37,"code":153204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153206,153207,153235,153239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153208,153209,153211,153213,153215,153217,153219,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153210,604],{"class":50},[44,153212,55],{"class":54},[44,153214,9185],{"class":58},[44,153216,1410],{"class":62},[44,153218,66],{"class":58},[44,153220,5956],{"class":62},[44,153222,66],{"class":58},[44,153224,4557],{"class":62},[44,153226,66],{"class":58},[44,153228,7738],{"class":62},[44,153230,66],{"class":58},[44,153232,4557],{"class":62},[44,153234,121],{"class":58},[44,153236,153237],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153238,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,153240,153241,153243,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153242,128],{"class":127},[44,153244,115],{"class":58},[44,153246,621],{"class":111},[44,153248,108],{"class":58},[44,153250,35798],{"class":111},[44,153252,115],{"class":58},[44,153254,1410],{"class":62},[44,153256,66],{"class":58},[44,153258,5450],{"class":62},[44,153260,66],{"class":58},[44,153262,90],{"class":62},[44,153264,637],{"class":58},[20,153266,2028],{},[35,153268,153269],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153270,153271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153272,153273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153274,17006],{"class":62},[20,153276,153277,153278,798,153280,802,153282,153284,153285,108],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153279,63],{},[15,153281,801],{},[15,153283,85],{},", but not ",[15,153286,2461],{},[30,153288,153290],{"id":153289},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153292,153293,153294,159],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153295,148960],{},[161,153297,153298,153306,153311,153318],{},[164,153299,153300,153301,153303,153304],{},"Do not confuse the ",[214,153302,2429],{}," with the ",[214,153305,35798],{},[164,153307,153308,153309],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153310,746],{},[164,153312,144,153313,153317],{},[394,153314,148986,153315,574],{"href":149038},[15,153316,57213],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[164,153319,153320,153321,153323],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153322,152850],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153325,153326],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153328,153330],{"className":37,"code":153329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153331,153332,153364,153368,153392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153333,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153335,265],{"class":50},[44,153337,55],{"class":54},[44,153339,9185],{"class":58},[44,153341,273],{"class":272},[44,153343,277],{"class":276},[44,153345,273],{"class":272},[44,153347,66],{"class":58},[44,153349,284],{"class":272},[44,153351,287],{"class":276},[44,153353,273],{"class":272},[44,153355,66],{"class":58},[44,153357,284],{"class":272},[44,153359,305],{"class":276},[44,153361,273],{"class":272},[44,153363,121],{"class":58},[44,153365,153366],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153367,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,153369,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153371,128],{"class":127},[44,153373,115],{"class":58},[44,153375,327],{"class":111},[44,153377,108],{"class":58},[44,153379,35798],{"class":111},[44,153381,115],{"class":58},[44,153383,273],{"class":272},[44,153385,287],{"class":276},[44,153387,273],{"class":272},[44,153389,5315],{"class":58},[44,153391,27731],{"class":140},[44,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153395,128],{"class":127},[44,153397,115],{"class":58},[44,153399,327],{"class":111},[44,153401,3856],{"class":58},[44,153403,63],{"class":62},[44,153405,20396],{"class":58},[44,153407,153408],{"class":140},"               # banana\n",[20,153410,2135],{},[161,153412,153413,153417],{},[164,153414,153415,15195],{},[15,153416,65040],{},[164,153418,153419,153421],{},[15,153420,63],{}," is the index",[30,153423,2788],{"id":2787},[20,153425,105884,153426,159],{},[15,153427,148960],{},[161,153429,153430,153433,153438,153443,153450],{},[164,153431,153432],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[164,153434,8399,153435,153437],{},[15,153436,58891],{}," to return all matching positions",[164,153439,153440,153441],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153442,746],{},[164,153444,153445,153446,398,153448],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153447,36025],{},[15,153449,52608],{},[164,153451,37154,153452,153454],{},[15,153453,148960],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[420,153456,60632],{"id":60631},[20,153458,94146],{},[35,153460,153462],{"className":37,"code":153461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153463,153464,153474,153488,153503,153521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153467,128],{"class":127},[44,153469,115],{"class":58},[44,153471,147773],{"class":111},[44,153473,121],{"class":58},[44,153475,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153477,128],{"class":127},[44,153479,115],{"class":58},[44,153481,11112],{"class":127},[44,153483,115],{"class":58},[44,153485,147773],{"class":111},[44,153487,637],{"class":58},[44,153489,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153501],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153491,128],{"class":127},[44,153493,115],{"class":58},[44,153495,2403],{"class":111},[44,153497,3839],{"class":3832},[44,153499,153500],{"class":111}," my_tuple",[44,153502,121],{"class":58},[44,153504,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153506,128],{"class":127},[44,153508,115],{"class":58},[44,153510,147773],{"class":111},[44,153512,108],{"class":58},[44,153514,41211],{"class":111},[44,153516,115],{"class":58},[44,153518,2429],{"class":111},[44,153520,637],{"class":58},[44,153522,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531,153533,153535,153537],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,153524,128],{"class":127},[44,153526,115],{"class":58},[44,153528,147773],{"class":111},[44,153530,108],{"class":58},[44,153532,35798],{"class":111},[44,153534,115],{"class":58},[44,153536,2429],{"class":111},[44,153538,637],{"class":58},[20,153540,153541,153542,84163,153544,153546],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153543,40655],{},[15,153545,2429],{}," is missing.",[20,153548,129390],{},[35,153550,153552],{"className":37,"code":153551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153553,153554,153566,153584,153590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153555,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153557,6944],{"class":3832},[44,153559,21535],{"class":50},[44,153561,3839],{"class":54},[44,153563,153500],{"class":50},[44,153565,6344],{"class":58},[44,153567,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153569,8017],{"class":127},[44,153571,115],{"class":58},[44,153573,147773],{"class":111},[44,153575,108],{"class":58},[44,153577,35798],{"class":111},[44,153579,115],{"class":58},[44,153581,2429],{"class":111},[44,153583,637],{"class":58},[44,153585,153586,153588],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153587,27385],{"class":3832},[44,153589,6344],{"class":58},[44,153591,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600,153602],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153593,8017],{"class":127},[44,153595,115],{"class":58},[44,153597,273],{"class":272},[44,153599,153025],{"class":276},[44,153601,273],{"class":272},[44,153603,121],{"class":58},[30,153605,1757],{"id":1756},[420,153607,5096,153609,12666],{"id":153608},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153610,148960],{},[20,153612,153613],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[420,153615,153617],{"id":153616},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153619,153620,152487],{},[15,153621,148960],{},[420,153623,148939],{"id":148938},[20,153625,76624,153626,108],{},[15,153627,40655],{},[420,153629,153631],{"id":153630},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153633,153634,153635,398,153637,153639],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153636,36025],{},[15,153638,52608],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[420,153641,14851,153643,57129,153645,1778],{"id":153642},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153644,148960],{},[15,153646,64631],{},[20,153648,153649],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153651,1821],{"id":1820},[161,153653,153654,153660,153664,153669,153673],{},[164,153655,153656],{},[394,153657,148986,153658,574],{"href":149038},[15,153659,57213],{},[164,153661,153662],{},[394,153663,149428],{"href":152854},[164,153665,153666],{},[394,153667,153668],{"href":150734},"Creating a tuple in Python",[164,153670,153671],{},[394,153672,65605],{"href":65604},[164,153674,153675],{},[394,153676,150682],{"href":152492},[1872,153678,153679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188,"children":153686},[153687],{"id":17343,"depth":95,"text":17344},{"id":103145,"depth":75,"text":103146},{"id":152829,"depth":75,"text":152830},{"id":65395,"depth":75,"text":65396},{"id":65172,"depth":75,"text":65955,"children":153692},[153693],{"id":153181,"depth":95,"text":153182},{"id":153289,"depth":75,"text":153290},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788,"children":153696},[153697],{"id":60631,"depth":95,"text":60632},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":153699},[153700,153702,153703,153704,153705],{"id":153608,"depth":95,"text":153701},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153616,"depth":95,"text":153617},{"id":148938,"depth":95,"text":148939},{"id":153630,"depth":95,"text":153631},{"id":153642,"depth":95,"text":153706},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152294,"description":153708},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153715,"title":153716,"body":153717,"description":155112,"extension":1921,"meta":155113,"navigation":98,"path":152854,"seo":155114,"stem":155115,"__hash__":155116},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153718,"toc":155094},[153719,153722,153725,153728,153742,153744,153747,153841,153851,153857,153861,153864,153867,153869,153887,153889,153960,153962,153979,153983,153987,153990,154007,154010,154025,154027,154118,154121,154125,154128,154145,154147,154242,154245,154248,154252,154255,154349,154351,154370,154373,154377,154380,154382,154437,154439,154474,154477,154491,154499,154592,154601,154605,154608,154615,154618,154665,154667,154675,154678,154729,154731,154748,154753,154757,154760,154763,154765,154816,154819,154874,154877,154880,154882,154885,154905,154907,154980,154983,154996,154998,155002,155007,155011,155016,155033,155037,155040,155057,155061,155064,155066,155091],[10,153720,153716],{"id":153721},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153723,153724],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153726,153727],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[161,153729,153730,153733,153736,153739],{},[164,153731,153732],{},"positive indexes",[164,153734,153735],{},"negative indexes",[164,153737,153738],{},"common indexing mistakes",[164,153740,153741],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153743,3570],{"id":3569},[20,153745,153746],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153748,153750],{"className":37,"code":153749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153751,153752,153784,153788,153805,153822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153753,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153755,13026],{"class":50},[44,153757,55],{"class":54},[44,153759,9185],{"class":58},[44,153761,273],{"class":272},[44,153763,13043],{"class":276},[44,153765,273],{"class":272},[44,153767,66],{"class":58},[44,153769,284],{"class":272},[44,153771,17405],{"class":276},[44,153773,273],{"class":272},[44,153775,66],{"class":58},[44,153777,284],{"class":272},[44,153779,13060],{"class":276},[44,153781,273],{"class":272},[44,153783,121],{"class":58},[44,153785,153786],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153787,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,153789,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153791,128],{"class":127},[44,153793,115],{"class":58},[44,153795,17452],{"class":111},[44,153797,3856],{"class":58},[44,153799,746],{"class":62},[44,153801,20396],{"class":58},[44,153803,153804],{"class":140},"   # red\n",[44,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153808,128],{"class":127},[44,153810,115],{"class":58},[44,153812,17452],{"class":111},[44,153814,3856],{"class":58},[44,153816,63],{"class":62},[44,153818,20396],{"class":58},[44,153820,153821],{"class":140},"   # green\n",[44,153823,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,153825,128],{"class":127},[44,153827,115],{"class":58},[44,153829,17452],{"class":111},[44,153831,3856],{"class":58},[44,153833,1980],{"class":54},[44,153835,63],{"class":62},[44,153837,20396],{"class":58},[44,153839,153840],{"class":140},"  # blue\n",[161,153842,153843,153848],{},[164,153844,132179,153845,153847],{},[15,153846,746],{}," is the first item.",[164,153849,153850],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153852,153853,153854,108],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[394,153855,153856],{"href":147758},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153858,153860],{"id":153859},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153862,153863],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153865,153866],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153868,11408],{},[161,153870,153871,153874,153881,153884],{},[164,153872,153873],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[164,153875,153876,153877,18913,153879],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153878,746],{},[15,153880,63],{},[164,153882,153883],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[164,153885,153886],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153888,2164],{},[35,153890,153892],{"className":37,"code":153891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153893,153894,153914,153918,153932,153946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153895,153896,153898,153900,153902,153904,153906,153908,153910,153912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153897,51],{"class":50},[44,153899,55],{"class":54},[44,153901,9185],{"class":58},[44,153903,2287],{"class":62},[44,153905,66],{"class":58},[44,153907,7738],{"class":62},[44,153909,66],{"class":58},[44,153911,7743],{"class":62},[44,153913,121],{"class":58},[44,153915,153916],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153917,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,153919,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153921,128],{"class":127},[44,153923,115],{"class":58},[44,153925,105],{"class":111},[44,153927,3856],{"class":58},[44,153929,746],{"class":62},[44,153931,466],{"class":58},[44,153933,153934,153936,153938,153940,153942,153944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153935,128],{"class":127},[44,153937,115],{"class":58},[44,153939,105],{"class":111},[44,153941,3856],{"class":58},[44,153943,63],{"class":62},[44,153945,466],{"class":58},[44,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,153949,128],{"class":127},[44,153951,115],{"class":58},[44,153953,105],{"class":111},[44,153955,3856],{"class":58},[44,153957,801],{"class":62},[44,153959,466],{"class":58},[20,153961,2028],{},[35,153963,153965],{"className":37,"code":153964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153966,153967,153971,153975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153968,153969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153970,2333],{"class":62},[44,153972,153973],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,153974,70990],{"class":62},[44,153976,153977],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,153978,69606],{"class":62},[20,153980,59316,153981,108],{},[394,153982,147755],{"href":147754},[30,153984,153986],{"id":153985},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153988,153989],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[161,153991,153992,153997,154002],{},[164,153993,153994,153996],{},[15,153995,746],{}," = first item",[164,153998,153999,154001],{},[15,154000,63],{}," = second item",[164,154003,154004,154006],{},[15,154005,801],{}," = third item",[20,154008,154009],{},"Pattern:",[35,154011,154013],{"className":37,"code":154012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154014,154015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154016,154017,154019,154021,154023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154018,152510],{"class":50},[44,154020,3856],{"class":58},[44,154022,35798],{"class":50},[44,154024,72],{"class":58},[20,154026,2164],{},[35,154028,154030],{"className":37,"code":154029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154031,154032,154064,154068,154085,154101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154033,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154035,265],{"class":50},[44,154037,55],{"class":54},[44,154039,9185],{"class":58},[44,154041,273],{"class":272},[44,154043,277],{"class":276},[44,154045,273],{"class":272},[44,154047,66],{"class":58},[44,154049,284],{"class":272},[44,154051,287],{"class":276},[44,154053,273],{"class":272},[44,154055,66],{"class":58},[44,154057,284],{"class":272},[44,154059,4051],{"class":276},[44,154061,273],{"class":272},[44,154063,121],{"class":58},[44,154065,154066],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154067,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154069,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154071,128],{"class":127},[44,154073,115],{"class":58},[44,154075,327],{"class":111},[44,154077,3856],{"class":58},[44,154079,746],{"class":62},[44,154081,20396],{"class":58},[44,154083,154084],{"class":140},"  # apple\n",[44,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154088,128],{"class":127},[44,154090,115],{"class":58},[44,154092,327],{"class":111},[44,154094,3856],{"class":58},[44,154096,63],{"class":62},[44,154098,20396],{"class":58},[44,154100,51436],{"class":140},[44,154102,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,154104,128],{"class":127},[44,154106,115],{"class":58},[44,154108,327],{"class":111},[44,154110,3856],{"class":58},[44,154112,801],{"class":62},[44,154114,20396],{"class":58},[44,154116,154117],{"class":140},"  # cherry\n",[20,154119,154120],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,154122,154124],{"id":154123},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154126,154127],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[161,154129,154130,154135,154140],{},[164,154131,154132,154134],{},[15,154133,65620],{}," = last item",[164,154136,154137,154139],{},[15,154138,95176],{}," = second-to-last item",[164,154141,154142,154144],{},[15,154143,47622],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154146,2164],{},[35,154148,154150],{"className":37,"code":154149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154151,154152,154184,154188,154206,154224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154153,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166,154168,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154155,265],{"class":50},[44,154157,55],{"class":54},[44,154159,9185],{"class":58},[44,154161,273],{"class":272},[44,154163,277],{"class":276},[44,154165,273],{"class":272},[44,154167,66],{"class":58},[44,154169,284],{"class":272},[44,154171,287],{"class":276},[44,154173,273],{"class":272},[44,154175,66],{"class":58},[44,154177,284],{"class":272},[44,154179,4051],{"class":276},[44,154181,273],{"class":272},[44,154183,121],{"class":58},[44,154185,154186],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154187,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154189,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154191,128],{"class":127},[44,154193,115],{"class":58},[44,154195,327],{"class":111},[44,154197,3856],{"class":58},[44,154199,1980],{"class":54},[44,154201,63],{"class":62},[44,154203,20396],{"class":58},[44,154205,154117],{"class":140},[44,154207,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154209,128],{"class":127},[44,154211,115],{"class":58},[44,154213,327],{"class":111},[44,154215,3856],{"class":58},[44,154217,1980],{"class":54},[44,154219,801],{"class":62},[44,154221,20396],{"class":58},[44,154223,51436],{"class":140},[44,154225,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,154227,128],{"class":127},[44,154229,115],{"class":58},[44,154231,327],{"class":111},[44,154233,3856],{"class":58},[44,154235,1980],{"class":54},[44,154237,85],{"class":62},[44,154239,20396],{"class":58},[44,154241,154084],{"class":140},[20,154243,154244],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154246,154247],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154249,154251],{"id":154250},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154253,154254],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154256,154258],{"className":37,"code":154257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154259,154260,154292,154296,154313,154330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154263,4948],{"class":50},[44,154265,55],{"class":54},[44,154267,9185],{"class":58},[44,154269,273],{"class":272},[44,154271,12830],{"class":276},[44,154273,273],{"class":272},[44,154275,66],{"class":58},[44,154277,284],{"class":272},[44,154279,35893],{"class":276},[44,154281,273],{"class":272},[44,154283,66],{"class":58},[44,154285,284],{"class":272},[44,154287,35902],{"class":276},[44,154289,273],{"class":272},[44,154291,121],{"class":58},[44,154293,154294],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154295,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154297,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154299,128],{"class":127},[44,154301,115],{"class":58},[44,154303,4992],{"class":111},[44,154305,3856],{"class":58},[44,154307,746],{"class":62},[44,154309,20396],{"class":58},[44,154311,154312],{"class":140},"   # first item\n",[44,154314,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323,154325,154327],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154316,128],{"class":127},[44,154318,115],{"class":58},[44,154320,4992],{"class":111},[44,154322,3856],{"class":58},[44,154324,63],{"class":62},[44,154326,20396],{"class":58},[44,154328,154329],{"class":140},"   # middle item\n",[44,154331,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,154333,128],{"class":127},[44,154335,115],{"class":58},[44,154337,4992],{"class":111},[44,154339,3856],{"class":58},[44,154341,1980],{"class":54},[44,154343,63],{"class":62},[44,154345,20396],{"class":58},[44,154347,154348],{"class":140},"  # last item\n",[20,154350,2028],{},[35,154352,154354],{"className":37,"code":154353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154355,154356,154360,154365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154357,154358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154359,49990],{"class":50},[44,154361,154362],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154363,154364],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154366,154367],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154368,154369],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154371,154372],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154374,154376],{"id":154375},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154378,154379],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154381,2164],{},[35,154383,154385],{"className":37,"code":154384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154386,154387,154419,154423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154388,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154390,672],{"class":50},[44,154392,55],{"class":54},[44,154394,9185],{"class":58},[44,154396,273],{"class":272},[44,154398,394],{"class":276},[44,154400,273],{"class":272},[44,154402,66],{"class":58},[44,154404,284],{"class":272},[44,154406,4714],{"class":276},[44,154408,273],{"class":272},[44,154410,66],{"class":58},[44,154412,284],{"class":272},[44,154414,9689],{"class":276},[44,154416,273],{"class":272},[44,154418,121],{"class":58},[44,154420,154421],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154422,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154424,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433,154435],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154426,128],{"class":127},[44,154428,115],{"class":58},[44,154430,689],{"class":111},[44,154432,3856],{"class":58},[44,154434,1410],{"class":62},[44,154436,466],{"class":58},[20,154438,2028],{},[35,154440,154442],{"className":37,"code":154441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154443,154444,154456,154461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154445,154446,154449,154451,154454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154447,154448],{"class":111},"Traceback ",[44,154450,115],{"class":58},[44,154452,154453],{"class":111},"most recent call last",[44,154455,8288],{"class":58},[44,154457,154458],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154459,154460],{"class":34403},"  ...\n",[44,154462,154463,154465,154467,154469,154472],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154464,70497],{"class":1458},[44,154466,159],{"class":58},[44,154468,149121],{"class":1458},[44,154470,154471],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154473,70689],{"class":127},[20,154475,154476],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[161,154478,154479,154483,154487],{},[164,154480,154481],{},[15,154482,746],{},[164,154484,154485],{},[15,154486,63],{},[164,154488,154489],{},[15,154490,801],{},[20,154492,154493,154494,108],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[394,154495,154496,154498],{"href":148993},[15,154497,42312],{}," on a tuple",[35,154500,154502],{"className":37,"code":154501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154503,154504,154536,154540,154556,154560,154578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154505,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154507,672],{"class":50},[44,154509,55],{"class":54},[44,154511,9185],{"class":58},[44,154513,273],{"class":272},[44,154515,394],{"class":276},[44,154517,273],{"class":272},[44,154519,66],{"class":58},[44,154521,284],{"class":272},[44,154523,4714],{"class":276},[44,154525,273],{"class":272},[44,154527,66],{"class":58},[44,154529,284],{"class":272},[44,154531,9689],{"class":276},[44,154533,273],{"class":272},[44,154535,121],{"class":58},[44,154537,154538],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154539,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154541,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154543,128],{"class":127},[44,154545,115],{"class":58},[44,154547,11112],{"class":127},[44,154549,115],{"class":58},[44,154551,689],{"class":111},[44,154553,5315],{"class":58},[44,154555,50721],{"class":140},[44,154557,154558],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154559,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154561,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,154563,6944],{"class":3832},[44,154565,38337],{"class":127},[44,154567,115],{"class":58},[44,154569,689],{"class":111},[44,154571,1476],{"class":58},[44,154573,38347],{"class":54},[44,154575,69],{"class":62},[44,154577,6344],{"class":58},[44,154579,154580,154582,154584,154586,154588,154590],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,154581,8017],{"class":127},[44,154583,115],{"class":58},[44,154585,689],{"class":111},[44,154587,3856],{"class":58},[44,154589,801],{"class":62},[44,154591,466],{"class":58},[20,154593,154594,154595,108],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[394,154596,25630,154598],{"href":154597},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154599,154600],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154602,154604],{"id":154603},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154606,154607],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[161,154609,154610,154612],{},[164,154611,76641],{},[164,154613,154614],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154616,154617],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154619,154621],{"className":37,"code":154620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154622,154623,154647,154651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154624,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154626,51],{"class":50},[44,154628,55],{"class":54},[44,154630,9185],{"class":58},[44,154632,2287],{"class":62},[44,154634,66],{"class":58},[44,154636,7738],{"class":62},[44,154638,66],{"class":58},[44,154640,7743],{"class":62},[44,154642,66],{"class":58},[44,154644,50794],{"class":62},[44,154646,121],{"class":58},[44,154648,154649],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154650,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154652,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154654,128],{"class":127},[44,154656,115],{"class":58},[44,154658,105],{"class":111},[44,154660,3856],{"class":58},[44,154662,63],{"class":62},[44,154664,466],{"class":58},[20,154666,2028],{},[35,154668,154669],{"className":37,"code":70990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154670,154671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154672,154673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154674,70990],{"class":62},[20,154676,154677],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154679,154681],{"className":37,"code":154680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154682,154683,154707,154711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154684,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154686,51],{"class":50},[44,154688,55],{"class":54},[44,154690,9185],{"class":58},[44,154692,2287],{"class":62},[44,154694,66],{"class":58},[44,154696,7738],{"class":62},[44,154698,66],{"class":58},[44,154700,7743],{"class":62},[44,154702,66],{"class":58},[44,154704,50794],{"class":62},[44,154706,121],{"class":58},[44,154708,154709],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154710,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,154712,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154714,128],{"class":127},[44,154716,115],{"class":58},[44,154718,105],{"class":111},[44,154720,3856],{"class":58},[44,154722,63],{"class":62},[44,154724,159],{"class":58},[44,154726,85],{"class":62},[44,154728,466],{"class":58},[20,154730,2028],{},[35,154732,154734],{"className":37,"code":154733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154735,154736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154739,115],{"class":58},[44,154741,15703],{"class":62},[44,154743,66],{"class":58},[44,154745,7743],{"class":62},[44,154747,121],{"class":58},[20,154749,154750,154751,108],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[394,154752,150672],{"href":150671},[30,154754,154756],{"id":154755},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154758,154759],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154761,154762],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154764,6634],{},[35,154766,154768],{"className":37,"code":154767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154769,154770,154802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154771,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154773,13026],{"class":50},[44,154775,55],{"class":54},[44,154777,9185],{"class":58},[44,154779,273],{"class":272},[44,154781,13043],{"class":276},[44,154783,273],{"class":272},[44,154785,66],{"class":58},[44,154787,284],{"class":272},[44,154789,17405],{"class":276},[44,154791,273],{"class":272},[44,154793,66],{"class":58},[44,154795,284],{"class":272},[44,154797,13060],{"class":276},[44,154799,273],{"class":272},[44,154801,121],{"class":58},[44,154803,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154805,128],{"class":127},[44,154807,115],{"class":58},[44,154809,17452],{"class":111},[44,154811,3856],{"class":58},[44,154813,63],{"class":62},[44,154815,466],{"class":58},[20,154817,154818],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154820,154822],{"className":37,"code":154821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154823,154824,154856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154825,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154827,13026],{"class":50},[44,154829,55],{"class":54},[44,154831,9185],{"class":58},[44,154833,273],{"class":272},[44,154835,13043],{"class":276},[44,154837,273],{"class":272},[44,154839,66],{"class":58},[44,154841,284],{"class":272},[44,154843,17405],{"class":276},[44,154845,273],{"class":272},[44,154847,66],{"class":58},[44,154849,284],{"class":272},[44,154851,13060],{"class":276},[44,154853,273],{"class":272},[44,154855,121],{"class":58},[44,154857,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154859,17452],{"class":50},[44,154861,3856],{"class":58},[44,154863,63],{"class":62},[44,154865,13224],{"class":58},[44,154867,13227],{"class":54},[44,154869,284],{"class":272},[44,154871,22475],{"class":276},[44,154873,3318],{"class":272},[20,154875,154876],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154878,154879],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154881,2788],{"id":2787},[20,154883,154884],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[161,154886,154887,154893,154896,154899],{},[164,154888,132483,154889,11042,154891],{},[15,154890,63],{},[15,154892,746],{},[164,154894,154895],{},"Using an index that is too large",[164,154897,154898],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[164,154900,154901,154902],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154903,154904],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154906,1433],{},[35,154908,154910],{"className":37,"code":154909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154911,154912,154922,154936,154950,154966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154913,154914,154916,154918,154920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154915,128],{"class":127},[44,154917,115],{"class":58},[44,154919,147773],{"class":111},[44,154921,121],{"class":58},[44,154923,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,154925,128],{"class":127},[44,154927,115],{"class":58},[44,154929,11112],{"class":127},[44,154931,115],{"class":58},[44,154933,147773],{"class":111},[44,154935,637],{"class":58},[44,154937,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,154939,128],{"class":127},[44,154941,115],{"class":58},[44,154943,147773],{"class":111},[44,154945,3856],{"class":58},[44,154947,746],{"class":62},[44,154949,466],{"class":58},[44,154951,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154953,128],{"class":127},[44,154955,115],{"class":58},[44,154957,147773],{"class":111},[44,154959,3856],{"class":58},[44,154961,1980],{"class":54},[44,154963,63],{"class":62},[44,154965,466],{"class":58},[44,154967,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,154969,128],{"class":127},[44,154971,115],{"class":58},[44,154973,1459],{"class":1458},[44,154975,115],{"class":58},[44,154977,147773],{"class":111},[44,154979,637],{"class":58},[20,154981,154982],{},"These can help you confirm:",[161,154984,154985,154988,154990,154993],{},[164,154986,154987],{},"what the tuple contains",[164,154989,60706],{},[164,154991,154992],{},"what the first and last items are",[164,154994,154995],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,154997,1757],{"id":1756},[420,154999,155001],{"id":155000},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155003,155004,155005,108],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155006,746],{},[420,155008,155010],{"id":155009},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155012,144,155013,155015],{},[15,155014,65620],{}," as the index:",[35,155017,155019],{"className":37,"code":155018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155020,155021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155022,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155024,147773],{"class":50},[44,155026,3856],{"class":58},[44,155028,1980],{"class":54},[44,155030,63],{"class":62},[44,155032,72],{"class":58},[420,155034,155036],{"id":155035},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155038,155039],{},"Python raises:",[35,155041,155043],{"className":37,"code":155042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155044,155045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155046,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155048,70497],{"class":1458},[44,155050,159],{"class":58},[44,155052,149121],{"class":1458},[44,155054,154471],{"class":50},[44,155056,70689],{"class":127},[420,155058,155060],{"id":155059},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155062,155063],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,155065,1821],{"id":1820},[161,155067,155068,155073,155077,155081,155087],{},[164,155069,155070],{},[394,155071,155072],{"href":147758},"How to create a tuple in Python",[164,155074,155075],{},[394,155076,150672],{"href":150671},[164,155078,155079],{},[394,155080,150677],{"href":148993},[164,155082,155083],{},[394,155084,26073,155085],{"href":154597},[15,155086,154600],{},[164,155088,155089],{},[394,155090,147755],{"href":147754},[1872,155092,155093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":155095},[155096,155097,155098,155099,155100,155101,155102,155103,155104,155105,155111],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":153859,"depth":75,"text":153860},{"id":153985,"depth":75,"text":153986},{"id":154123,"depth":75,"text":154124},{"id":154250,"depth":75,"text":154251},{"id":154375,"depth":75,"text":154376},{"id":154603,"depth":75,"text":154604},{"id":154755,"depth":75,"text":154756},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":155106},[155107,155108,155109,155110],{"id":155000,"depth":95,"text":155001},{"id":155009,"depth":95,"text":155010},{"id":155035,"depth":95,"text":155036},{"id":155059,"depth":95,"text":155060},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153716,"description":155112},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155118,"title":155119,"body":155120,"description":157009,"extension":1921,"meta":157010,"navigation":98,"path":157011,"seo":157012,"stem":157013,"__hash__":157014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155121,"toc":156966},[155122,155128,155133,155184,155188,155196,155202,155204,155220,155222,155225,155240,155242,155255,155257,155314,155318,155326,155333,155339,155345,155349,155400,155404,155412,155416,155445,155449,155457,155461,155494,155498,155506,155510,155513,155564,155568,155576,155578,155595,155599,155603,155662,155666,155674,155677,155704,155708,155716,155720,155726,155801,155805,155842,155850,155854,155917,155921,155929,155934,155938,155944,155987,155991,155999,156005,156008,156055,156059,156067,156076,156082,156137,156141,156149,156152,156156,156158,156189,156193,156212,156215,156260,156264,156287,156293,156298,156300,156347,156352,156355,156403,156407,156415,156419,156424,156428,156478,156482,156497,156501,156559,156563,156578,156582,156653,156657,156666,156670,156749,156753,156775,156783,156785,156788,156813,156815,156868,156870,156887,156889,156893,156899,156904,156909,156913,156918,156922,156927,156933,156936,156938,156963],[10,155123,155125,155126,1476],{"id":155124},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155127,11112],{},[20,155129,144,155130,155132],{},[15,155131,42312],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,155134,155136],{"className":37,"code":155135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155137,155138,155170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155139,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155141,13026],{"class":50},[44,155143,55],{"class":54},[44,155145,9185],{"class":58},[44,155147,273],{"class":272},[44,155149,13043],{"class":276},[44,155151,273],{"class":272},[44,155153,66],{"class":58},[44,155155,284],{"class":272},[44,155157,17405],{"class":276},[44,155159,273],{"class":272},[44,155161,66],{"class":58},[44,155163,284],{"class":272},[44,155165,13060],{"class":276},[44,155167,273],{"class":272},[44,155169,121],{"class":58},[44,155171,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180,155182],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155173,128],{"class":127},[44,155175,115],{"class":58},[44,155177,11112],{"class":127},[44,155179,115],{"class":58},[44,155181,17452],{"class":111},[44,155183,637],{"class":58},[20,155185,155186],{},[214,155187,2028],{},[35,155189,155190],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155191,155192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155193,155194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155195,46568],{"class":62},[20,155197,144,155198,155201],{},[15,155199,155200],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155203,15111],{"id":15110},[161,155205,155206,155211,155215,155218],{},[164,155207,4152,155208,155210],{},[15,155209,42312],{}," works with tuples",[164,155212,68024,155213,11655],{},[15,155214,42312],{},[164,155216,155217],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[164,155219,1083],{},[30,155221,188],{"id":187},[20,155223,155224],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155226,155228],{"className":37,"code":155227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155229,155230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155233,11112],{"class":127},[44,155235,115],{"class":58},[44,155237,147773],{"class":111},[44,155239,121],{"class":58},[20,155241,11408],{},[161,155243,155244,155247,155250],{},[164,155245,155246],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[164,155248,155249],{},"The result is an integer",[164,155251,155252,155254],{},[15,155253,42312],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155256,2164],{},[35,155258,155260],{"className":37,"code":155259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155261,155262,155286,155300,155304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155263,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155265,51],{"class":50},[44,155267,55],{"class":54},[44,155269,9185],{"class":58},[44,155271,2287],{"class":62},[44,155273,66],{"class":58},[44,155275,7738],{"class":62},[44,155277,66],{"class":58},[44,155279,7743],{"class":62},[44,155281,66],{"class":58},[44,155283,50794],{"class":62},[44,155285,121],{"class":58},[44,155287,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155289,41193],{"class":50},[44,155291,55],{"class":54},[44,155293,38337],{"class":127},[44,155295,115],{"class":58},[44,155297,105],{"class":111},[44,155299,121],{"class":58},[44,155301,155302],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,155303,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,155305,155306,155308,155310,155312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155307,128],{"class":127},[44,155309,115],{"class":58},[44,155311,41211],{"class":111},[44,155313,121],{"class":58},[20,155315,155316],{},[214,155317,2028],{},[35,155319,155320],{"className":37,"code":48601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155321,155322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155323,155324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155325,48601],{"class":62},[20,155327,155328,155329,108],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[394,155330,3536,155331,3469],{"href":42309},[15,155332,42312],{},[30,155334,151,155336,155338],{"id":155335},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155337,42312],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155340,155341,155342,155344],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155343,42312],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[420,155346,155348],{"id":155347},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155350,155352],{"className":37,"code":155351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155353,155354,155386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155355,155356,155358,155360,155362,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155357,265],{"class":50},[44,155359,55],{"class":54},[44,155361,9185],{"class":58},[44,155363,273],{"class":272},[44,155365,277],{"class":276},[44,155367,273],{"class":272},[44,155369,66],{"class":58},[44,155371,284],{"class":272},[44,155373,287],{"class":276},[44,155375,273],{"class":272},[44,155377,66],{"class":58},[44,155379,284],{"class":272},[44,155381,305],{"class":276},[44,155383,273],{"class":272},[44,155385,121],{"class":58},[44,155387,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155389,128],{"class":127},[44,155391,115],{"class":58},[44,155393,11112],{"class":127},[44,155395,115],{"class":58},[44,155397,327],{"class":111},[44,155399,637],{"class":58},[20,155401,155402],{},[214,155403,2028],{},[35,155405,155406],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155407,155408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155409,155410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155411,46568],{"class":62},[420,155413,155415],{"id":155414},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155417,155419],{"className":37,"code":155418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155420,155421,155430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155422,155423,155426,155428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155424,155425],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155427,55],{"class":54},[44,155429,149097],{"class":58},[44,155431,155432,155434,155436,155438,155440,155443],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155433,128],{"class":127},[44,155435,115],{"class":58},[44,155437,11112],{"class":127},[44,155439,115],{"class":58},[44,155441,155442],{"class":111},"empty_tuple",[44,155444,637],{"class":58},[20,155446,155447],{},[214,155448,2028],{},[35,155450,155451],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155452,155453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155454,155455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155456,47203],{"class":62},[420,155458,155460],{"id":155459},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155462,155464],{"className":37,"code":155463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155465,155466,155479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155467,155468,155471,155473,155475,155477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155469,155470],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155472,55],{"class":54},[44,155474,9185],{"class":58},[44,155476,1410],{"class":62},[44,155478,149111],{"class":58},[44,155480,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155492],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155482,128],{"class":127},[44,155484,115],{"class":58},[44,155486,11112],{"class":127},[44,155488,115],{"class":58},[44,155490,155491],{"class":111},"single_value",[44,155493,637],{"class":58},[20,155495,155496],{},[214,155497,2028],{},[35,155499,155500],{"className":37,"code":46868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155501,155502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155503,155504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155505,46868],{"class":62},[420,155507,155509],{"id":155508},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155511,155512],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155514,155516],{"className":37,"code":155515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155517,155518,155550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155519,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538,155540,155542,155544,155546,155548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155521,9114],{"class":50},[44,155523,55],{"class":54},[44,155525,9185],{"class":58},[44,155527,63],{"class":62},[44,155529,66],{"class":58},[44,155531,9185],{"class":58},[44,155533,801],{"class":62},[44,155535,66],{"class":58},[44,155537,2408],{"class":62},[44,155539,9182],{"class":58},[44,155541,59],{"class":58},[44,155543,2461],{"class":62},[44,155545,66],{"class":58},[44,155547,4557],{"class":62},[44,155549,466],{"class":58},[44,155551,155552,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155553,128],{"class":127},[44,155555,115],{"class":58},[44,155557,11112],{"class":127},[44,155559,115],{"class":58},[44,155561,9153],{"class":111},[44,155563,637],{"class":58},[20,155565,155566],{},[214,155567,2028],{},[35,155569,155570],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155571,155572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155573,155574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155575,46568],{"class":62},[20,155577,19907],{},[161,155579,155580,155585,155590],{},[164,155581,155582,155584],{},[15,155583,63],{}," is one item",[164,155586,155587,155584],{},[15,155588,155589],{},"(2, 3)",[164,155591,155592,155584],{},[15,155593,155594],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155596,155598],{"id":155597},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[420,155600,155602],{"id":155601},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155604,155606],{"className":37,"code":155605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155607,155608,155648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155609,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155611,13026],{"class":50},[44,155613,55],{"class":54},[44,155615,9185],{"class":58},[44,155617,273],{"class":272},[44,155619,13043],{"class":276},[44,155621,273],{"class":272},[44,155623,66],{"class":58},[44,155625,284],{"class":272},[44,155627,17405],{"class":276},[44,155629,273],{"class":272},[44,155631,66],{"class":58},[44,155633,284],{"class":272},[44,155635,13060],{"class":276},[44,155637,273],{"class":272},[44,155639,66],{"class":58},[44,155641,284],{"class":272},[44,155643,22475],{"class":276},[44,155645,273],{"class":272},[44,155647,121],{"class":58},[44,155649,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658,155660],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155651,128],{"class":127},[44,155653,115],{"class":58},[44,155655,11112],{"class":127},[44,155657,115],{"class":58},[44,155659,17452],{"class":111},[44,155661,637],{"class":58},[20,155663,155664],{},[214,155665,2028],{},[35,155667,155668],{"className":37,"code":48601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155669,155670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155671,155672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155673,48601],{"class":62},[420,155675,155415],{"id":155676},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155678,155680],{"className":37,"code":155679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155681,155682,155690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155683,155684,155686,155688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155685,818],{"class":50},[44,155687,55],{"class":54},[44,155689,149097],{"class":58},[44,155691,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155693,128],{"class":127},[44,155695,115],{"class":58},[44,155697,11112],{"class":127},[44,155699,115],{"class":58},[44,155701,835],{"class":111},[44,155703,637],{"class":58},[20,155705,155706],{},[214,155707,2028],{},[35,155709,155710],{"className":37,"code":47203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155711,155712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155713,155714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155715,47203],{"class":62},[420,155717,155719],{"id":155718},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155721,155722,155723,155725],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[214,155724,4583],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155727,155729],{"className":37,"code":155728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155730,155731,155743,155755,155759,155773,155787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155734,2511],{"class":50},[44,155736,55],{"class":54},[44,155738,9185],{"class":58},[44,155740,1410],{"class":62},[44,155742,121],{"class":58},[44,155744,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155746,2539],{"class":50},[44,155748,55],{"class":54},[44,155750,9185],{"class":58},[44,155752,1410],{"class":62},[44,155754,149111],{"class":58},[44,155756,155757],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,155758,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,155760,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155762,128],{"class":127},[44,155764,115],{"class":58},[44,155766,1459],{"class":1458},[44,155768,115],{"class":58},[44,155770,394],{"class":111},[44,155772,637],{"class":58},[44,155774,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,155776,128],{"class":127},[44,155778,115],{"class":58},[44,155780,1459],{"class":1458},[44,155782,115],{"class":58},[44,155784,4714],{"class":111},[44,155786,637],{"class":58},[44,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,155790,128],{"class":127},[44,155792,115],{"class":58},[44,155794,11112],{"class":127},[44,155796,115],{"class":58},[44,155798,4714],{"class":111},[44,155800,637],{"class":58},[20,155802,155803],{},[214,155804,2028],{},[35,155806,155808],{"className":37,"code":155807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155809,155810,155824,155838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155811,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155813,3248],{"class":54},[44,155815,3251],{"class":2022},[44,155817,3254],{"class":272},[44,155819,2145],{"class":276},[44,155821,3259],{"class":272},[44,155823,3262],{"class":54},[44,155825,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155827,3248],{"class":54},[44,155829,3251],{"class":2022},[44,155831,3254],{"class":272},[44,155833,231],{"class":276},[44,155835,3259],{"class":272},[44,155837,3262],{"class":54},[44,155839,155840],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,155841,46868],{"class":62},[20,155843,155844,155845,398,155848,108],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[394,155846,155847],{"href":147758},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[394,155849,149059],{"href":149058},[420,155851,155853],{"id":155852},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155855,155857],{"className":37,"code":155856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155858,155859,155903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155860,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155862,59396],{"class":50},[44,155864,55],{"class":54},[44,155866,9185],{"class":58},[44,155868,273],{"class":272},[44,155870,277],{"class":276},[44,155872,273],{"class":272},[44,155874,66],{"class":58},[44,155876,59],{"class":58},[44,155878,63],{"class":62},[44,155880,66],{"class":58},[44,155882,69],{"class":62},[44,155884,18012],{"class":58},[44,155886,9185],{"class":58},[44,155888,273],{"class":272},[44,155890,2130],{"class":276},[44,155892,273],{"class":272},[44,155894,66],{"class":58},[44,155896,284],{"class":272},[44,155898,11695],{"class":276},[44,155900,273],{"class":272},[44,155902,637],{"class":58},[44,155904,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155906,128],{"class":127},[44,155908,115],{"class":58},[44,155910,11112],{"class":127},[44,155912,115],{"class":58},[44,155914,59449],{"class":111},[44,155916,637],{"class":58},[20,155918,155919],{},[214,155920,2028],{},[35,155922,155923],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155924,155925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155926,155927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155928,46568],{"class":62},[20,155930,155931,155933],{},[15,155932,42312],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,155935,155937],{"id":155936},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[420,155939,155941,155943],{"id":155940},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155942,42312],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155945,155947],{"className":37,"code":155946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155948,155949,155973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155950,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155952,1253],{"class":50},[44,155954,55],{"class":54},[44,155956,9185],{"class":58},[44,155958,273],{"class":272},[44,155960,63361],{"class":276},[44,155962,273],{"class":272},[44,155964,66],{"class":58},[44,155966,284],{"class":272},[44,155968,39],{"class":276},[44,155970,273],{"class":272},[44,155972,121],{"class":58},[44,155974,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,155976,128],{"class":127},[44,155978,115],{"class":58},[44,155980,11112],{"class":127},[44,155982,115],{"class":58},[44,155984,1271],{"class":111},[44,155986,637],{"class":58},[20,155988,155989],{},[214,155990,2028],{},[35,155992,155993],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155994,155995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155996,155997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155998,17006],{"class":62},[20,156000,156001,156002,156004],{},"This result is ",[15,156003,801],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156006,156007],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,156009,156011],{"className":37,"code":156010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156012,156013,156037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156014,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156016,1253],{"class":50},[44,156018,55],{"class":54},[44,156020,9185],{"class":58},[44,156022,273],{"class":272},[44,156024,63361],{"class":276},[44,156026,273],{"class":272},[44,156028,66],{"class":58},[44,156030,284],{"class":272},[44,156032,39],{"class":276},[44,156034,273],{"class":272},[44,156036,121],{"class":58},[44,156038,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156040,128],{"class":127},[44,156042,115],{"class":58},[44,156044,11112],{"class":127},[44,156046,115],{"class":58},[44,156048,1271],{"class":111},[44,156050,3856],{"class":58},[44,156052,746],{"class":62},[44,156054,2957],{"class":58},[20,156056,156057],{},[214,156058,2028],{},[35,156060,156061],{"className":37,"code":17006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156062,156063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156064,156065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156066,17006],{"class":62},[20,156068,20721,156069,156072,156073,108],{},[15,156070,156071],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156074,156075],{},"\"hi\"",[420,156077,156079,156081],{"id":156078},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156080,42312],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,156083,156085],{"className":37,"code":156084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156086,156087,156123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156088,156089,156091,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156090,604],{"class":50},[44,156092,55],{"class":54},[44,156094,9945],{"class":58},[44,156096,63],{"class":62},[44,156098,66],{"class":58},[44,156100,69],{"class":62},[44,156102,9182],{"class":58},[44,156104,9185],{"class":58},[44,156106,85],{"class":62},[44,156108,66],{"class":58},[44,156110,90],{"class":62},[44,156112,9182],{"class":58},[44,156114,9185],{"class":58},[44,156116,1410],{"class":62},[44,156118,66],{"class":58},[44,156120,37594],{"class":62},[44,156122,637],{"class":58},[44,156124,156125,156127,156129,156131,156133,156135],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156126,128],{"class":127},[44,156128,115],{"class":58},[44,156130,11112],{"class":127},[44,156132,115],{"class":58},[44,156134,621],{"class":111},[44,156136,637],{"class":58},[20,156138,156139],{},[214,156140,2028],{},[35,156142,156143],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156144,156145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156146,156147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156148,46568],{"class":62},[20,156150,156151],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[420,156153,156155],{"id":156154},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156157,25641],{},[35,156159,156161],{"className":37,"code":156160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156162,156163,156175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156164,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156166,2403],{"class":50},[44,156168,55],{"class":54},[44,156170,9185],{"class":58},[44,156172,2287],{"class":62},[44,156174,121],{"class":58},[44,156176,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156178,128],{"class":127},[44,156180,115],{"class":58},[44,156182,1459],{"class":1458},[44,156184,115],{"class":58},[44,156186,2429],{"class":111},[44,156188,637],{"class":58},[20,156190,156191],{},[214,156192,2028],{},[35,156194,156196],{"className":37,"code":156195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156197,156198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156199,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156201,3248],{"class":54},[44,156203,3251],{"class":2022},[44,156205,3254],{"class":272},[44,156207,2145],{"class":276},[44,156209,3259],{"class":272},[44,156211,3262],{"class":54},[20,156213,156214],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156216,156218],{"className":37,"code":156217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156219,156220,156232,156246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156221,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156223,2403],{"class":50},[44,156225,55],{"class":54},[44,156227,9185],{"class":58},[44,156229,2287],{"class":62},[44,156231,149111],{"class":58},[44,156233,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242,156244],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156235,128],{"class":127},[44,156237,115],{"class":58},[44,156239,1459],{"class":1458},[44,156241,115],{"class":58},[44,156243,2429],{"class":111},[44,156245,637],{"class":58},[44,156247,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156249,128],{"class":127},[44,156251,115],{"class":58},[44,156253,11112],{"class":127},[44,156255,115],{"class":58},[44,156257,2429],{"class":111},[44,156259,637],{"class":58},[20,156261,156262],{},[214,156263,2028],{},[35,156265,156267],{"className":37,"code":156266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156268,156269,156283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156270,156271,156273,156275,156277,156279,156281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156272,3248],{"class":54},[44,156274,3251],{"class":2022},[44,156276,3254],{"class":272},[44,156278,231],{"class":276},[44,156280,3259],{"class":272},[44,156282,3262],{"class":54},[44,156284,156285],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156286,46868],{"class":62},[420,156288,156290,156292],{"id":156289},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156291,11112],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156294,44380,156295,156297],{},[15,156296,11112],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156299,44411],{},[35,156301,156303],{"className":37,"code":156302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156304,156305,156313,156333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156306,156307,156309,156311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156308,11112],{"class":127},[44,156310,13227],{"class":54},[44,156312,2544],{"class":62},[44,156314,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156316,51],{"class":50},[44,156318,55],{"class":54},[44,156320,9185],{"class":58},[44,156322,63],{"class":62},[44,156324,66],{"class":58},[44,156326,69],{"class":62},[44,156328,66],{"class":58},[44,156330,2408],{"class":62},[44,156332,121],{"class":58},[44,156334,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156336,128],{"class":127},[44,156338,115],{"class":58},[44,156340,11112],{"class":127},[44,156342,115],{"class":58},[44,156344,105],{"class":111},[44,156346,637],{"class":58},[20,156348,1415,156349,156351],{},[15,156350,11112],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156353,156354],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156356,156358],{"className":37,"code":156357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156359,156360,156369,156389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156361,156362,156365,156367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156363,156364],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156366,55],{"class":54},[44,156368,2544],{"class":62},[44,156370,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156372,51],{"class":50},[44,156374,55],{"class":54},[44,156376,9185],{"class":58},[44,156378,63],{"class":62},[44,156380,66],{"class":58},[44,156382,69],{"class":62},[44,156384,66],{"class":58},[44,156386,2408],{"class":62},[44,156388,121],{"class":58},[44,156390,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156392,128],{"class":127},[44,156394,115],{"class":58},[44,156396,11112],{"class":127},[44,156398,115],{"class":58},[44,156400,105],{"class":111},[44,156402,637],{"class":58},[20,156404,156405],{},[214,156406,2028],{},[35,156408,156409],{"className":37,"code":46568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156410,156411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156412,156413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156414,46568],{"class":62},[30,156416,156418],{"id":156417},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156420,156421,156423],{},[15,156422,42312],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[420,156425,156427],{"id":156426},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156429,156431],{"className":37,"code":156430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156432,156433,156441,156445,156463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156434,156435,156437,156439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156436,818],{"class":50},[44,156438,55],{"class":54},[44,156440,149097],{"class":58},[44,156442,156443],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156444,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,156446,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156448,6944],{"class":3832},[44,156450,38337],{"class":127},[44,156452,115],{"class":58},[44,156454,835],{"class":111},[44,156456,1476],{"class":58},[44,156458,6359],{"class":54},[44,156460,3790],{"class":62},[44,156462,6344],{"class":58},[44,156464,156465,156467,156469,156471,156474,156476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156466,8017],{"class":127},[44,156468,115],{"class":58},[44,156470,273],{"class":272},[44,156472,156473],{"class":276},"The tuple is empty",[44,156475,273],{"class":272},[44,156477,121],{"class":58},[20,156479,156480],{},[214,156481,2028],{},[35,156483,156485],{"className":37,"code":156484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156486,156487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156490,1938],{"class":50},[44,156492,231],{"class":1458},[44,156494,8044],{"class":54},[44,156496,8050],{"class":50},[420,156498,156500],{"id":156499},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156502,156504],{"className":37,"code":156503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156505,156506,156522,156526,156544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156507,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156509,51335],{"class":50},[44,156511,55],{"class":54},[44,156513,9185],{"class":58},[44,156515,2461],{"class":62},[44,156517,66],{"class":58},[44,156519,5945],{"class":62},[44,156521,121],{"class":58},[44,156523,156524],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156525,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,156527,156528,156530,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156529,6944],{"class":3832},[44,156531,38337],{"class":127},[44,156533,115],{"class":58},[44,156535,51360],{"class":111},[44,156537,1476],{"class":58},[44,156539,6359],{"class":54},[44,156541,69],{"class":62},[44,156543,6344],{"class":58},[44,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552,156555,156557],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156547,8017],{"class":127},[44,156549,115],{"class":58},[44,156551,273],{"class":272},[44,156553,156554],{"class":276},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156556,273],{"class":272},[44,156558,121],{"class":58},[20,156560,156561],{},[214,156562,2028],{},[35,156564,156566],{"className":37,"code":156565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156567,156568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156569,156570,156573,156575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156571,156572],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156574,66],{"class":58},[44,156576,156577],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[420,156579,156581],{"id":156580},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156583,156585],{"className":37,"code":156584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156586,156587,156616,156620,156638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156588,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156612,156614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156590,11438],{"class":50},[44,156592,55],{"class":54},[44,156594,9185],{"class":58},[44,156596,273],{"class":272},[44,156598,12830],{"class":276},[44,156600,273],{"class":272},[44,156602,66],{"class":58},[44,156604,9255],{"class":62},[44,156606,66],{"class":58},[44,156608,284],{"class":272},[44,156610,156611],{"class":276},"Canada",[44,156613,273],{"class":272},[44,156615,121],{"class":58},[44,156617,156618],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156619,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,156621,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156623,6944],{"class":3832},[44,156625,38337],{"class":127},[44,156627,115],{"class":58},[44,156629,11532],{"class":111},[44,156631,1476],{"class":58},[44,156633,6359],{"class":54},[44,156635,2408],{"class":62},[44,156637,6344],{"class":58},[44,156639,156640,156642,156644,156646,156649,156651],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156641,8017],{"class":127},[44,156643,115],{"class":58},[44,156645,273],{"class":272},[44,156647,156648],{"class":276},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156650,273],{"class":272},[44,156652,121],{"class":58},[20,156654,156655],{},[214,156656,2028],{},[35,156658,156660],{"className":37,"code":156659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156661,156662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156663,156664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156665,156659],{"class":50},[420,156667,156669],{"id":156668},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156671,156673],{"className":37,"code":156672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156674,156675,156707,156711,156731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156676,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156678,672],{"class":50},[44,156680,55],{"class":54},[44,156682,9185],{"class":58},[44,156684,273],{"class":272},[44,156686,394],{"class":276},[44,156688,273],{"class":272},[44,156690,66],{"class":58},[44,156692,284],{"class":272},[44,156694,4714],{"class":276},[44,156696,273],{"class":272},[44,156698,66],{"class":58},[44,156700,284],{"class":272},[44,156702,9689],{"class":276},[44,156704,273],{"class":272},[44,156706,121],{"class":58},[44,156708,156709],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156710,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,156712,156713,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156714,5909],{"class":3832},[44,156716,69314],{"class":50},[44,156718,3839],{"class":3832},[44,156720,54007],{"class":127},[44,156722,115],{"class":58},[44,156724,11112],{"class":127},[44,156726,115],{"class":58},[44,156728,689],{"class":111},[44,156730,69329],{"class":58},[44,156732,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156734,8017],{"class":127},[44,156736,115],{"class":58},[44,156738,36105],{"class":111},[44,156740,66],{"class":58},[44,156742,69862],{"class":111},[44,156744,3856],{"class":58},[44,156746,36105],{"class":111},[44,156748,466],{"class":58},[20,156750,156751],{},[214,156752,2028],{},[35,156754,156755],{"className":37,"code":36117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156756,156757,156763,156769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156758,156759,156761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156760,746],{"class":62},[44,156762,36126],{"class":50},[44,156764,156765,156767],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156766,63],{"class":62},[44,156768,36133],{"class":50},[44,156770,156771,156773],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156772,801],{"class":62},[44,156774,36140],{"class":50},[20,156776,156777,156778,156780,156781,108],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[394,156779,149428],{"href":149427},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[394,156782,150672],{"href":150671},[30,156784,2788],{"id":2787},[20,156786,156787],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[161,156789,156790,156798,156805,156810],{},[164,156791,156792,156793,11042,156796],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156794,156795],{},"(5)",[15,156797,149262],{},[164,156799,582,156800,156802,156803],{},[15,156801,11112],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156804,42312],{},[164,156806,8399,156807,156809],{},[15,156808,42312],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[164,156811,156812],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156814,32034],{},[35,156816,156818],{"className":37,"code":156817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156819,156820,156830,156844,156858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156821,156822,156824,156826,156828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156823,128],{"class":127},[44,156825,115],{"class":58},[44,156827,147773],{"class":111},[44,156829,121],{"class":58},[44,156831,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,156833,128],{"class":127},[44,156835,115],{"class":58},[44,156837,1459],{"class":1458},[44,156839,115],{"class":58},[44,156841,147773],{"class":111},[44,156843,637],{"class":58},[44,156845,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,156847,128],{"class":127},[44,156849,115],{"class":58},[44,156851,11112],{"class":127},[44,156853,115],{"class":58},[44,156855,147773],{"class":111},[44,156857,637],{"class":58},[44,156859,156860,156862,156864,156866],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156861,1483],{"class":127},[44,156863,115],{"class":58},[44,156865,11112],{"class":127},[44,156867,121],{"class":58},[20,156869,154982],{},[161,156871,156872,156875,156878,156882],{},[164,156873,156874],{},"what value you are using",[164,156876,156877],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[164,156879,25970,156880,11655],{},[15,156881,42312],{},[164,156883,123146,156884,156886],{},[15,156885,42312],{}," is documented in Python",[30,156888,1757],{"id":1756},[420,156890,156892],{"id":156891},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156894,144,156895,156898],{},[15,156896,156897],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[420,156900,1761,156902,148932],{"id":156901},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156903,42312],{},[20,156905,46316,156906,156908],{},[15,156907,42312],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[420,156910,156912],{"id":156911},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156914,156915,156916,108],{},"The length is ",[15,156917,746],{},[420,156919,156921],{"id":156920},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156923,150618,156924,156926],{},[15,156925,150621],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[420,156928,1761,156930,156932],{"id":156929},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156931,42312],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156934,156935],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,156937,1821],{"id":1820},[161,156939,156940,156946,156950,156954,156958],{},[164,156941,156942],{},[394,156943,3536,156944,3469],{"href":42309},[15,156945,42312],{},[164,156947,156948],{},[394,156949,155847],{"href":147758},[164,156951,156952],{},[394,156953,149428],{"href":149427},[164,156955,156956],{},[394,156957,150672],{"href":150671},[164,156959,156960],{},[394,156961,156962],{"href":149058},"What is a tuple in Python",[1872,156964,156965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":156967},[156968,156969,156970,156977,156983,156992,156998,156999,157008],{"id":15110,"depth":75,"text":15111},{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":155335,"depth":75,"text":156971,"children":156972},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156973,156974,156975,156976],{"id":155347,"depth":95,"text":155348},{"id":155414,"depth":95,"text":155415},{"id":155459,"depth":95,"text":155460},{"id":155508,"depth":95,"text":155509},{"id":155597,"depth":75,"text":155598,"children":156978},[156979,156980,156981,156982],{"id":155601,"depth":95,"text":155602},{"id":155676,"depth":95,"text":155415},{"id":155718,"depth":95,"text":155719},{"id":155852,"depth":95,"text":155853},{"id":155936,"depth":75,"text":155937,"children":156984},[156985,156987,156989,156990],{"id":155940,"depth":95,"text":156986},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156078,"depth":95,"text":156988},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156154,"depth":95,"text":156155},{"id":156289,"depth":95,"text":156991},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156417,"depth":75,"text":156418,"children":156993},[156994,156995,156996,156997],{"id":156426,"depth":95,"text":156427},{"id":156499,"depth":95,"text":156500},{"id":156580,"depth":95,"text":156581},{"id":156668,"depth":95,"text":156669},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":157000},[157001,157002,157004,157005,157006],{"id":156891,"depth":95,"text":156892},{"id":156901,"depth":95,"text":157003},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156911,"depth":95,"text":156912},{"id":156920,"depth":95,"text":156921},{"id":156929,"depth":95,"text":157007},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155119,"description":157009},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157016,"title":157017,"body":157018,"description":159403,"extension":1921,"meta":159404,"navigation":98,"path":159405,"seo":159406,"stem":159407,"__hash__":159408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157019,"toc":159364},[157020,157023,157026,157029,157052,157058,157060,157171,157175,157178,157188,157190,157289,157291,157368,157374,157378,157381,157404,157407,157424,157427,157429,157492,157494,157511,157522,157527,157529,157532,157538,157589,157591,157611,157615,157666,157668,157689,157693,157748,157750,157771,157775,157830,157832,157853,157857,157910,157912,157941,157943,157945,157948,157952,158009,158011,158032,158036,158089,158091,158116,158121,158125,158130,158148,158151,158214,158216,158237,158240,158301,158303,158324,158327,158370,158373,158377,158382,158386,158465,158467,158498,158502,158577,158579,158606,158610,158657,158659,158667,158672,158676,158679,158694,158696,158784,158786,158811,158814,158857,158866,158868,158871,158886,158889,158893,158947,158949,158969,158974,158978,158980,159018,159021,159071,159075,159148,159150,159187,159190,159192,159195,159215,159218,159287,159289,159302,159304,159308,159311,159315,159318,159323,159326,159332,159337,159339,159361],[10,157021,157017],{"id":157022},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157024,157025],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157027,157028],{},"Use this format:",[35,157030,157032],{"className":37,"code":157031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157033,157034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157035,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157037,231],{"class":50},[44,157039,3856],{"class":58},[44,157041,36025],{"class":50},[44,157043,159],{"class":58},[44,157045,75192],{"class":50},[44,157047,159],{"class":58},[44,157049,75195],{"class":50},[44,157051,72],{"class":58},[20,157053,1938,157054,75228,157056,108],{},[15,157055,75192],{},[214,157057,64835],{},[30,157059,33],{"id":32},[35,157061,157063],{"className":37,"code":157062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157064,157065,157093,157097,157118,157135,157152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157066,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157068,51],{"class":50},[44,157070,55],{"class":54},[44,157072,9185],{"class":58},[44,157074,2287],{"class":62},[44,157076,66],{"class":58},[44,157078,7738],{"class":62},[44,157080,66],{"class":58},[44,157082,7743],{"class":62},[44,157084,66],{"class":58},[44,157086,50794],{"class":62},[44,157088,66],{"class":58},[44,157090,5034],{"class":62},[44,157092,121],{"class":58},[44,157094,157095],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157096,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157098,157099,157101,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157100,128],{"class":127},[44,157102,115],{"class":58},[44,157104,105],{"class":111},[44,157106,3856],{"class":58},[44,157108,63],{"class":62},[44,157110,159],{"class":58},[44,157112,2461],{"class":62},[44,157114,20396],{"class":58},[44,157116,157117],{"class":140},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157119,157120,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157121,128],{"class":127},[44,157123,115],{"class":58},[44,157125,105],{"class":111},[44,157127,75301],{"class":58},[44,157129,85],{"class":62},[44,157131,20396],{"class":58},[44,157133,157134],{"class":140},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157136,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,157138,128],{"class":127},[44,157140,115],{"class":58},[44,157142,105],{"class":111},[44,157144,73888],{"class":58},[44,157146,801],{"class":62},[44,157148,20396],{"class":58},[44,157150,157151],{"class":140},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157153,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,157155,128],{"class":127},[44,157157,115],{"class":58},[44,157159,105],{"class":111},[44,157161,73888],{"class":58},[44,157163,1980],{"class":54},[44,157165,63],{"class":62},[44,157167,20396],{"class":58},[44,157169,157170],{"class":140},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157172,157174],{"id":157173},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157176,157177],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[161,157179,157180,157182,157185],{},[164,157181,75495],{},[164,157183,157184],{},"The result is a new tuple",[164,157186,157187],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157189,2164],{},[35,157191,157193],{"className":37,"code":157192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157194,157195,157243,157247,157265,157269,157279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157196,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157198,672],{"class":50},[44,157200,55],{"class":54},[44,157202,9185],{"class":58},[44,157204,273],{"class":272},[44,157206,394],{"class":276},[44,157208,273],{"class":272},[44,157210,66],{"class":58},[44,157212,284],{"class":272},[44,157214,4714],{"class":276},[44,157216,273],{"class":272},[44,157218,66],{"class":58},[44,157220,284],{"class":272},[44,157222,9689],{"class":276},[44,157224,273],{"class":272},[44,157226,66],{"class":58},[44,157228,284],{"class":272},[44,157230,18717],{"class":276},[44,157232,273],{"class":272},[44,157234,66],{"class":58},[44,157236,284],{"class":272},[44,157238,60370],{"class":276},[44,157240,273],{"class":272},[44,157242,121],{"class":58},[44,157244,157245],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157246,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157248,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157250,75425],{"class":50},[44,157252,55],{"class":54},[44,157254,69862],{"class":50},[44,157256,3856],{"class":58},[44,157258,63],{"class":62},[44,157260,159],{"class":58},[44,157262,2461],{"class":62},[44,157264,72],{"class":58},[44,157266,157267],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157268,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157270,157271,157273,157275,157277],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,157272,128],{"class":127},[44,157274,115],{"class":58},[44,157276,75448],{"class":111},[44,157278,121],{"class":58},[44,157280,157281,157283,157285,157287],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,157282,128],{"class":127},[44,157284,115],{"class":58},[44,157286,689],{"class":111},[44,157288,121],{"class":58},[20,157290,2028],{},[35,157292,157294],{"className":37,"code":157293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157295,157296,157324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157297,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157299,115],{"class":58},[44,157301,3259],{"class":272},[44,157303,4714],{"class":276},[44,157305,3259],{"class":272},[44,157307,66],{"class":58},[44,157309,3254],{"class":272},[44,157311,9689],{"class":276},[44,157313,3259],{"class":272},[44,157315,66],{"class":58},[44,157317,3254],{"class":272},[44,157319,18717],{"class":276},[44,157321,3259],{"class":272},[44,157323,121],{"class":58},[44,157325,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157327,115],{"class":58},[44,157329,3259],{"class":272},[44,157331,394],{"class":276},[44,157333,3259],{"class":272},[44,157335,66],{"class":58},[44,157337,3254],{"class":272},[44,157339,4714],{"class":276},[44,157341,3259],{"class":272},[44,157343,66],{"class":58},[44,157345,3254],{"class":272},[44,157347,9689],{"class":276},[44,157349,3259],{"class":272},[44,157351,66],{"class":58},[44,157353,3254],{"class":272},[44,157355,18717],{"class":276},[44,157357,3259],{"class":272},[44,157359,66],{"class":58},[44,157361,3254],{"class":272},[44,157363,60370],{"class":276},[44,157365,3259],{"class":272},[44,157367,121],{"class":58},[20,157369,157370,157371,108],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[394,157372,147755],{"href":157373},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157375,157377],{"id":157376},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157379,157380],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157382,157384],{"className":37,"code":157383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157385,157386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157387,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157389,147773],{"class":50},[44,157391,3856],{"class":58},[44,157393,36025],{"class":50},[44,157395,159],{"class":58},[44,157397,75192],{"class":50},[44,157399,159],{"class":58},[44,157401,75195],{"class":50},[44,157403,72],{"class":58},[20,157405,157406],{},"Each part has a job:",[161,157408,157409,157414,157419],{},[164,157410,157411,157413],{},[15,157412,36025],{},": where slicing begins",[164,157415,157416,157418],{},[15,157417,75192],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[164,157420,157421,157423],{},[15,157422,75195],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157425,157426],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157428,2164],{},[35,157430,157432],{"className":37,"code":157431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157433,157434,157466,157470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157435,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157437,51],{"class":50},[44,157439,55],{"class":54},[44,157441,9185],{"class":58},[44,157443,2287],{"class":62},[44,157445,66],{"class":58},[44,157447,7738],{"class":62},[44,157449,66],{"class":58},[44,157451,7743],{"class":62},[44,157453,66],{"class":58},[44,157455,50794],{"class":62},[44,157457,66],{"class":58},[44,157459,5034],{"class":62},[44,157461,66],{"class":58},[44,157463,75866],{"class":62},[44,157465,121],{"class":58},[44,157467,157468],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157469,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157471,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157473,128],{"class":127},[44,157475,115],{"class":58},[44,157477,105],{"class":111},[44,157479,3856],{"class":58},[44,157481,63],{"class":62},[44,157483,159],{"class":58},[44,157485,1410],{"class":62},[44,157487,159],{"class":58},[44,157489,801],{"class":62},[44,157491,466],{"class":58},[20,157493,2028],{},[35,157495,157497],{"className":37,"code":157496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157498,157499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157500,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157502,115],{"class":58},[44,157504,15703],{"class":62},[44,157506,66],{"class":58},[44,157508,50794],{"class":62},[44,157510,121],{"class":58},[20,157512,157513,157514,157516,157517,157519,157520,108],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157515,63],{},", stops before index ",[15,157518,1410],{},", and moves by ",[15,157521,801],{},[20,157523,157524,157525,108],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[394,157526,149428],{"href":152854},[30,157528,75782],{"id":75781},[20,157530,157531],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[420,157533,157535,157536,5917],{"id":157534},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157537,75796],{},[35,157539,157541],{"className":37,"code":157540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157542,157543,157571,157575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157544,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157546,51],{"class":50},[44,157548,55],{"class":54},[44,157550,9185],{"class":58},[44,157552,2287],{"class":62},[44,157554,66],{"class":58},[44,157556,7738],{"class":62},[44,157558,66],{"class":58},[44,157560,7743],{"class":62},[44,157562,66],{"class":58},[44,157564,50794],{"class":62},[44,157566,66],{"class":58},[44,157568,5034],{"class":62},[44,157570,121],{"class":58},[44,157572,157573],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157574,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157576,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157578,128],{"class":127},[44,157580,115],{"class":58},[44,157582,105],{"class":111},[44,157584,75301],{"class":58},[44,157586,85],{"class":62},[44,157588,466],{"class":58},[20,157590,2028],{},[35,157592,157593],{"className":37,"code":151120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157594,157595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157596,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157598,115],{"class":58},[44,157600,2287],{"class":62},[44,157602,66],{"class":58},[44,157604,7738],{"class":62},[44,157606,66],{"class":58},[44,157608,7743],{"class":62},[44,157610,121],{"class":58},[420,157612,157614],{"id":157613},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157616,157618],{"className":37,"code":157617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157619,157620,157648,157652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157621,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157623,51],{"class":50},[44,157625,55],{"class":54},[44,157627,9185],{"class":58},[44,157629,2287],{"class":62},[44,157631,66],{"class":58},[44,157633,7738],{"class":62},[44,157635,66],{"class":58},[44,157637,7743],{"class":62},[44,157639,66],{"class":58},[44,157641,50794],{"class":62},[44,157643,66],{"class":58},[44,157645,5034],{"class":62},[44,157647,121],{"class":58},[44,157649,157650],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157651,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157653,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157655,128],{"class":127},[44,157657,115],{"class":58},[44,157659,105],{"class":111},[44,157661,3856],{"class":58},[44,157663,801],{"class":62},[44,157665,77482],{"class":58},[20,157667,2028],{},[35,157669,157671],{"className":37,"code":157670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157672,157673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157674,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157676,115],{"class":58},[44,157678,36791],{"class":62},[44,157680,66],{"class":58},[44,157682,50794],{"class":62},[44,157684,66],{"class":58},[44,157686,5034],{"class":62},[44,157688,121],{"class":58},[420,157690,157692],{"id":157691},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157694,157696],{"className":37,"code":157695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157697,157698,157726,157730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157699,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157701,51],{"class":50},[44,157703,55],{"class":54},[44,157705,9185],{"class":58},[44,157707,2287],{"class":62},[44,157709,66],{"class":58},[44,157711,7738],{"class":62},[44,157713,66],{"class":58},[44,157715,7743],{"class":62},[44,157717,66],{"class":58},[44,157719,50794],{"class":62},[44,157721,66],{"class":58},[44,157723,5034],{"class":62},[44,157725,121],{"class":58},[44,157727,157728],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157729,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157731,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157733,128],{"class":127},[44,157735,115],{"class":58},[44,157737,105],{"class":111},[44,157739,3856],{"class":58},[44,157741,63],{"class":62},[44,157743,159],{"class":58},[44,157745,2461],{"class":62},[44,157747,466],{"class":58},[20,157749,2028],{},[35,157751,157753],{"className":37,"code":157752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157754,157755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157758,115],{"class":58},[44,157760,15703],{"class":62},[44,157762,66],{"class":58},[44,157764,7743],{"class":62},[44,157766,66],{"class":58},[44,157768,50794],{"class":62},[44,157770,121],{"class":58},[420,157772,157774],{"id":157773},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157776,157778],{"className":37,"code":157777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157779,157780,157812,157816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157781,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157783,51],{"class":50},[44,157785,55],{"class":54},[44,157787,9185],{"class":58},[44,157789,2287],{"class":62},[44,157791,66],{"class":58},[44,157793,7738],{"class":62},[44,157795,66],{"class":58},[44,157797,7743],{"class":62},[44,157799,66],{"class":58},[44,157801,50794],{"class":62},[44,157803,66],{"class":58},[44,157805,5034],{"class":62},[44,157807,66],{"class":58},[44,157809,75866],{"class":62},[44,157811,121],{"class":58},[44,157813,157814],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157815,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157817,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157819,128],{"class":127},[44,157821,115],{"class":58},[44,157823,105],{"class":111},[44,157825,73888],{"class":58},[44,157827,801],{"class":62},[44,157829,466],{"class":58},[20,157831,2028],{},[35,157833,157835],{"className":37,"code":157834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157836,157837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157838,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157840,115],{"class":58},[44,157842,2287],{"class":62},[44,157844,66],{"class":58},[44,157846,7743],{"class":62},[44,157848,66],{"class":58},[44,157850,5034],{"class":62},[44,157852,121],{"class":58},[420,157854,157856],{"id":157855},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157858,157860],{"className":37,"code":157859,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157861,157862,157890,157894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157863,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157865,51],{"class":50},[44,157867,55],{"class":54},[44,157869,9185],{"class":58},[44,157871,2287],{"class":62},[44,157873,66],{"class":58},[44,157875,7738],{"class":62},[44,157877,66],{"class":58},[44,157879,7743],{"class":62},[44,157881,66],{"class":58},[44,157883,50794],{"class":62},[44,157885,66],{"class":58},[44,157887,5034],{"class":62},[44,157889,121],{"class":58},[44,157891,157892],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157893,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157895,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157897,128],{"class":127},[44,157899,115],{"class":58},[44,157901,105],{"class":111},[44,157903,73888],{"class":58},[44,157905,1980],{"class":54},[44,157907,63],{"class":62},[44,157909,466],{"class":58},[20,157911,2028],{},[35,157913,157915],{"className":37,"code":157914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157916,157917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157918,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157920,115],{"class":58},[44,157922,76560],{"class":62},[44,157924,66],{"class":58},[44,157926,50794],{"class":62},[44,157928,66],{"class":58},[44,157930,7743],{"class":62},[44,157932,66],{"class":58},[44,157934,7738],{"class":62},[44,157936,66],{"class":58},[44,157938,5956],{"class":62},[44,157940,121],{"class":58},[30,157942,76076],{"id":76075},[20,157944,154127],{},[20,157946,157947],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[420,157949,157951],{"id":157950},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157953,157955],{"className":37,"code":157954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157956,157957,157989,157993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157958,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157960,51],{"class":50},[44,157962,55],{"class":54},[44,157964,9185],{"class":58},[44,157966,2287],{"class":62},[44,157968,66],{"class":58},[44,157970,7738],{"class":62},[44,157972,66],{"class":58},[44,157974,7743],{"class":62},[44,157976,66],{"class":58},[44,157978,50794],{"class":62},[44,157980,66],{"class":58},[44,157982,5034],{"class":62},[44,157984,66],{"class":58},[44,157986,75866],{"class":62},[44,157988,121],{"class":58},[44,157990,157991],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,157992,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,157994,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,157996,128],{"class":127},[44,157998,115],{"class":58},[44,158000,105],{"class":111},[44,158002,3856],{"class":58},[44,158004,1980],{"class":54},[44,158006,85],{"class":62},[44,158008,77482],{"class":58},[20,158010,2028],{},[35,158012,158014],{"className":37,"code":158013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158015,158016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158017,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158019,115],{"class":58},[44,158021,56619],{"class":62},[44,158023,66],{"class":58},[44,158025,5034],{"class":62},[44,158027,66],{"class":58},[44,158029,75866],{"class":62},[44,158031,121],{"class":58},[420,158033,158035],{"id":158034},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,158037,158039],{"className":37,"code":158038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158040,158041,158069,158073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158042,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158044,51],{"class":50},[44,158046,55],{"class":54},[44,158048,9185],{"class":58},[44,158050,2287],{"class":62},[44,158052,66],{"class":58},[44,158054,7738],{"class":62},[44,158056,66],{"class":58},[44,158058,7743],{"class":62},[44,158060,66],{"class":58},[44,158062,50794],{"class":62},[44,158064,66],{"class":58},[44,158066,5034],{"class":62},[44,158068,121],{"class":58},[44,158070,158071],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158072,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158074,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158076,128],{"class":127},[44,158078,115],{"class":58},[44,158080,105],{"class":111},[44,158082,75301],{"class":58},[44,158084,1980],{"class":54},[44,158086,63],{"class":62},[44,158088,466],{"class":58},[20,158090,2028],{},[35,158092,158094],{"className":37,"code":158093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158095,158096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158097,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158099,115],{"class":58},[44,158101,2287],{"class":62},[44,158103,66],{"class":58},[44,158105,7738],{"class":62},[44,158107,66],{"class":58},[44,158109,7743],{"class":62},[44,158111,66],{"class":58},[44,158113,50794],{"class":62},[44,158115,121],{"class":58},[20,158117,158118,158119,108],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[394,158120,150677],{"href":157011},[30,158122,158124],{"id":158123},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158126,1938,158127,158129],{},[15,158128,75195],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[161,158131,158132,158134,158136,158142],{},[164,158133,76332],{},[164,158135,76335],{},[164,158137,158138,158141],{},[15,158139,158140],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[164,158143,158144,158145,158147],{},"A step of ",[15,158146,746],{}," is not allowed",[20,158149,158150],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158152,158154],{"className":37,"code":158153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158155,158156,158188,158192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158157,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158159,51],{"class":50},[44,158161,55],{"class":54},[44,158163,9185],{"class":58},[44,158165,2287],{"class":62},[44,158167,66],{"class":58},[44,158169,7738],{"class":62},[44,158171,66],{"class":58},[44,158173,7743],{"class":62},[44,158175,66],{"class":58},[44,158177,50794],{"class":62},[44,158179,66],{"class":58},[44,158181,5034],{"class":62},[44,158183,66],{"class":58},[44,158185,75866],{"class":62},[44,158187,121],{"class":58},[44,158189,158190],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158191,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158193,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158195,128],{"class":127},[44,158197,115],{"class":58},[44,158199,105],{"class":111},[44,158201,3856],{"class":58},[44,158203,63],{"class":62},[44,158205,159],{"class":58},[44,158207,80360],{"class":62},[44,158209,159],{"class":58},[44,158211,801],{"class":62},[44,158213,466],{"class":58},[20,158215,2028],{},[35,158217,158219],{"className":37,"code":158218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158220,158221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158222,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158224,115],{"class":58},[44,158226,15703],{"class":62},[44,158228,66],{"class":58},[44,158230,50794],{"class":62},[44,158232,66],{"class":58},[44,158234,75866],{"class":62},[44,158236,121],{"class":58},[20,158238,158239],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158241,158243],{"className":37,"code":158242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158244,158245,158273,158277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158246,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158248,51],{"class":50},[44,158250,55],{"class":54},[44,158252,9185],{"class":58},[44,158254,2287],{"class":62},[44,158256,66],{"class":58},[44,158258,7738],{"class":62},[44,158260,66],{"class":58},[44,158262,7743],{"class":62},[44,158264,66],{"class":58},[44,158266,50794],{"class":62},[44,158268,66],{"class":58},[44,158270,5034],{"class":62},[44,158272,121],{"class":58},[44,158274,158275],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158276,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158278,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158280,128],{"class":127},[44,158282,115],{"class":58},[44,158284,105],{"class":111},[44,158286,3856],{"class":58},[44,158288,2461],{"class":62},[44,158290,159],{"class":58},[44,158292,63],{"class":62},[44,158294,159],{"class":58},[44,158296,1980],{"class":54},[44,158298,63],{"class":62},[44,158300,466],{"class":58},[20,158302,2028],{},[35,158304,158306],{"className":37,"code":158305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158307,158308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158309,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158311,115],{"class":58},[44,158313,76560],{"class":62},[44,158315,66],{"class":58},[44,158317,50794],{"class":62},[44,158319,66],{"class":58},[44,158321,7743],{"class":62},[44,158323,121],{"class":58},[20,158325,158326],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158328,158330],{"className":37,"code":158329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158331,158332,158352,158356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158333,158334,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158335,51],{"class":50},[44,158337,55],{"class":54},[44,158339,9185],{"class":58},[44,158341,2287],{"class":62},[44,158343,66],{"class":58},[44,158345,7738],{"class":62},[44,158347,66],{"class":58},[44,158349,7743],{"class":62},[44,158351,121],{"class":58},[44,158353,158354],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158355,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158357,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158359,128],{"class":127},[44,158361,115],{"class":58},[44,158363,105],{"class":111},[44,158365,73888],{"class":58},[44,158367,746],{"class":62},[44,158369,466],{"class":58},[20,158371,158372],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158374,158376],{"id":158375},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158378,158379,158380,33691],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[214,158381,231],{},[420,158383,158385],{"id":158384},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158387,158389],{"className":37,"code":158388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158390,158391,158415,158419,158437,158441,158451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158392,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158394,51],{"class":50},[44,158396,55],{"class":54},[44,158398,9185],{"class":58},[44,158400,2287],{"class":62},[44,158402,66],{"class":58},[44,158404,7738],{"class":62},[44,158406,66],{"class":58},[44,158408,7743],{"class":62},[44,158410,66],{"class":58},[44,158412,50794],{"class":62},[44,158414,121],{"class":58},[44,158416,158417],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158418,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158420,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158422,911],{"class":50},[44,158424,55],{"class":54},[44,158426,916],{"class":50},[44,158428,3856],{"class":58},[44,158430,63],{"class":62},[44,158432,159],{"class":58},[44,158434,85],{"class":62},[44,158436,72],{"class":58},[44,158438,158439],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158440,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158442,158443,158445,158447,158449],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,158444,128],{"class":127},[44,158446,115],{"class":58},[44,158448,943],{"class":111},[44,158450,121],{"class":58},[44,158452,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,158454,128],{"class":127},[44,158456,115],{"class":58},[44,158458,1459],{"class":1458},[44,158460,115],{"class":58},[44,158462,943],{"class":111},[44,158464,637],{"class":58},[20,158466,2028],{},[35,158468,158470],{"className":37,"code":158469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158471,158472,158484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158473,158474,158476,158478,158480,158482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158475,115],{"class":58},[44,158477,15703],{"class":62},[44,158479,66],{"class":58},[44,158481,7743],{"class":62},[44,158483,121],{"class":58},[44,158485,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158487,3248],{"class":54},[44,158489,3251],{"class":2022},[44,158491,3254],{"class":272},[44,158493,231],{"class":276},[44,158495,3259],{"class":272},[44,158497,3262],{"class":54},[420,158499,158501],{"id":158500},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158503,158505],{"className":37,"code":158504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158506,158507,158527,158531,158549,158553,158563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158508,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158510,51],{"class":50},[44,158512,55],{"class":54},[44,158514,9185],{"class":58},[44,158516,2287],{"class":62},[44,158518,66],{"class":58},[44,158520,7738],{"class":62},[44,158522,66],{"class":58},[44,158524,7743],{"class":62},[44,158526,121],{"class":58},[44,158528,158529],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158530,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158532,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158534,911],{"class":50},[44,158536,55],{"class":54},[44,158538,916],{"class":50},[44,158540,3856],{"class":58},[44,158542,63],{"class":62},[44,158544,159],{"class":58},[44,158546,801],{"class":62},[44,158548,72],{"class":58},[44,158550,158551],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158552,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158554,158555,158557,158559,158561],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,158556,128],{"class":127},[44,158558,115],{"class":58},[44,158560,943],{"class":111},[44,158562,121],{"class":58},[44,158564,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,158566,128],{"class":127},[44,158568,115],{"class":58},[44,158570,1459],{"class":1458},[44,158572,115],{"class":58},[44,158574,943],{"class":111},[44,158576,637],{"class":58},[20,158578,2028],{},[35,158580,158582],{"className":37,"code":158581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158583,158584,158592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158585,158586,158588,158590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158587,115],{"class":58},[44,158589,15703],{"class":62},[44,158591,149111],{"class":58},[44,158593,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158595,3248],{"class":54},[44,158597,3251],{"class":2022},[44,158599,3254],{"class":272},[44,158601,231],{"class":276},[44,158603,3259],{"class":272},[44,158605,3262],{"class":54},[420,158607,158609],{"id":158608},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158611,158613],{"className":37,"code":158612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158614,158615,158635,158639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158616,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631,158633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158618,51],{"class":50},[44,158620,55],{"class":54},[44,158622,9185],{"class":58},[44,158624,2287],{"class":62},[44,158626,66],{"class":58},[44,158628,7738],{"class":62},[44,158630,66],{"class":58},[44,158632,7743],{"class":62},[44,158634,121],{"class":58},[44,158636,158637],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158638,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158642,128],{"class":127},[44,158644,115],{"class":58},[44,158646,105],{"class":111},[44,158648,3856],{"class":58},[44,158650,1410],{"class":62},[44,158652,159],{"class":58},[44,158654,2302],{"class":62},[44,158656,466],{"class":58},[20,158658,2028],{},[35,158660,158661],{"className":37,"code":8590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158662,158663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158664,158665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158666,8590],{"class":58},[20,158668,158669,158670,108],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[394,158671,155847],{"href":150734},[30,158673,158675],{"id":158674},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158677,158678],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[161,158680,158681,158683,158686,158691],{},[164,158682,76641],{},[164,158684,158685],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[164,158687,158688,158689],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158690,70497],{},[164,158692,158693],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158695,2164],{},[35,158697,158699],{"className":37,"code":158698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158700,158701,158721,158725,158742,158763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158702,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158704,51],{"class":50},[44,158706,55],{"class":54},[44,158708,9185],{"class":58},[44,158710,2287],{"class":62},[44,158712,66],{"class":58},[44,158714,7738],{"class":62},[44,158716,66],{"class":58},[44,158718,7743],{"class":62},[44,158720,121],{"class":58},[44,158722,158723],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158724,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158728,128],{"class":127},[44,158730,115],{"class":58},[44,158732,105],{"class":111},[44,158734,3856],{"class":58},[44,158736,63],{"class":62},[44,158738,20396],{"class":58},[44,158740,158741],{"class":140},"    # one item\n",[44,158743,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158745,128],{"class":127},[44,158747,115],{"class":58},[44,158749,105],{"class":111},[44,158751,3856],{"class":58},[44,158753,63],{"class":62},[44,158755,159],{"class":58},[44,158757,1410],{"class":62},[44,158759,20396],{"class":58},[44,158761,158762],{"class":140},"  # slice\n",[44,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,158766,128],{"class":127},[44,158768,115],{"class":58},[44,158770,105],{"class":111},[44,158772,3856],{"class":58},[44,158774,1410],{"class":62},[44,158776,159],{"class":58},[44,158778,2302],{"class":62},[44,158780,20396],{"class":58},[44,158782,158783],{"class":140},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158785,2028],{},[35,158787,158789],{"className":37,"code":158788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158790,158791,158795,158807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158792,158793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158794,70990],{"class":62},[44,158796,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158798,115],{"class":58},[44,158800,15703],{"class":62},[44,158802,66],{"class":58},[44,158804,7743],{"class":62},[44,158806,121],{"class":58},[44,158808,158809],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158810,8590],{"class":58},[20,158812,158813],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158815,158817],{"className":37,"code":158816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158818,158819,158839,158843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158820,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833,158835,158837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158822,51],{"class":50},[44,158824,55],{"class":54},[44,158826,9185],{"class":58},[44,158828,2287],{"class":62},[44,158830,66],{"class":58},[44,158832,7738],{"class":62},[44,158834,66],{"class":58},[44,158836,7743],{"class":62},[44,158838,121],{"class":58},[44,158840,158841],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158842,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158844,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158846,128],{"class":127},[44,158848,115],{"class":58},[44,158850,105],{"class":111},[44,158852,3856],{"class":58},[44,158854,1410],{"class":62},[44,158856,466],{"class":58},[20,158858,158859,158860,158862,158863,108],{},"This raises an ",[15,158861,70497],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[394,158864,154600],{"href":158865},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158867,15125],{"id":76908},[20,158869,158870],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[161,158872,158873,158876,158878,158881],{},[164,158874,158875],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[164,158877,60614],{},[164,158879,158880],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[164,158882,158883,158884],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158885,746],{},[20,158887,158888],{},"Here are a few examples.",[420,158890,158892],{"id":158891},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158894,158895],{"className":37,"code":157695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158896,158897,158925,158929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158898,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158900,51],{"class":50},[44,158902,55],{"class":54},[44,158904,9185],{"class":58},[44,158906,2287],{"class":62},[44,158908,66],{"class":58},[44,158910,7738],{"class":62},[44,158912,66],{"class":58},[44,158914,7743],{"class":62},[44,158916,66],{"class":58},[44,158918,50794],{"class":62},[44,158920,66],{"class":58},[44,158922,5034],{"class":62},[44,158924,121],{"class":58},[44,158926,158927],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,158928,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,158930,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,158932,128],{"class":127},[44,158934,115],{"class":58},[44,158936,105],{"class":111},[44,158938,3856],{"class":58},[44,158940,63],{"class":62},[44,158942,159],{"class":58},[44,158944,2461],{"class":62},[44,158946,466],{"class":58},[20,158948,2028],{},[35,158950,158951],{"className":37,"code":157752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158952,158953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158954,158955,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158956,115],{"class":58},[44,158958,15703],{"class":62},[44,158960,66],{"class":58},[44,158962,7743],{"class":62},[44,158964,66],{"class":58},[44,158966,50794],{"class":62},[44,158968,121],{"class":58},[20,158970,132179,158971,158973],{},[15,158972,2461],{}," is not included.",[420,158975,158977],{"id":158976},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158979,4477],{},[35,158981,158983],{"className":37,"code":158982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158984,158985,159009,159013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158986,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158988,51],{"class":50},[44,158990,55],{"class":54},[44,158992,9185],{"class":58},[44,158994,2287],{"class":62},[44,158996,66],{"class":58},[44,158998,7738],{"class":62},[44,159000,66],{"class":58},[44,159002,7743],{"class":62},[44,159004,66],{"class":58},[44,159006,50794],{"class":62},[44,159008,121],{"class":58},[44,159010,159011],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159012,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159014,159015],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159016,159017],{"class":140},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159019,159020],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,159022,159023],{"className":37,"code":154680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159024,159025,159049,159053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159026,159027,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159028,51],{"class":50},[44,159030,55],{"class":54},[44,159032,9185],{"class":58},[44,159034,2287],{"class":62},[44,159036,66],{"class":58},[44,159038,7738],{"class":62},[44,159040,66],{"class":58},[44,159042,7743],{"class":62},[44,159044,66],{"class":58},[44,159046,50794],{"class":62},[44,159048,121],{"class":58},[44,159050,159051],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159052,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159056,128],{"class":127},[44,159058,115],{"class":58},[44,159060,105],{"class":111},[44,159062,3856],{"class":58},[44,159064,63],{"class":62},[44,159066,159],{"class":58},[44,159068,85],{"class":62},[44,159070,466],{"class":58},[420,159072,159074],{"id":159073},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,159076,159078],{"className":37,"code":159077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159079,159080,159104,159108,159123,159127,159138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159081,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159083,51],{"class":50},[44,159085,55],{"class":54},[44,159087,9185],{"class":58},[44,159089,2287],{"class":62},[44,159091,66],{"class":58},[44,159093,7738],{"class":62},[44,159095,66],{"class":58},[44,159097,7743],{"class":62},[44,159099,66],{"class":58},[44,159101,50794],{"class":62},[44,159103,121],{"class":58},[44,159105,159106],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159107,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159109,159110,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159111,159112],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,159114,55],{"class":54},[44,159116,916],{"class":50},[44,159118,75301],{"class":58},[44,159120,801],{"class":62},[44,159122,72],{"class":58},[44,159124,159125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159126,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159128,159129,159131,159133,159136],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,159130,128],{"class":127},[44,159132,115],{"class":58},[44,159134,159135],{"class":111},"slice_result",[44,159137,121],{"class":58},[44,159139,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,159141,128],{"class":127},[44,159143,115],{"class":58},[44,159145,105],{"class":111},[44,159147,121],{"class":58},[20,159149,2028],{},[35,159151,159153],{"className":37,"code":159152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159154,159155,159167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159156,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159158,115],{"class":58},[44,159160,2287],{"class":62},[44,159162,66],{"class":58},[44,159164,7738],{"class":62},[44,159166,121],{"class":58},[44,159168,159169,159171,159173,159175,159177,159179,159181,159183,159185],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159170,115],{"class":58},[44,159172,2287],{"class":62},[44,159174,66],{"class":58},[44,159176,7738],{"class":62},[44,159178,66],{"class":58},[44,159180,7743],{"class":62},[44,159182,66],{"class":58},[44,159184,50794],{"class":62},[44,159186,121],{"class":58},[20,159188,159189],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159191,113493],{"id":113492},[20,159193,159194],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[161,159196,159197,159200,159203,159209,159212],{},[164,159198,159199],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[164,159201,159202],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[164,159204,159205,159206],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159207,159208],{},"tuple[::0]",[164,159210,159211],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[164,159213,159214],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159216,159217],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159219,159221],{"className":37,"code":159220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159222,159223,159233,159251,159273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159224,159225,159227,159229,159231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159226,128],{"class":127},[44,159228,115],{"class":58},[44,159230,147773],{"class":111},[44,159232,121],{"class":58},[44,159234,159235,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247,159249],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159236,128],{"class":127},[44,159238,115],{"class":58},[44,159240,147773],{"class":111},[44,159242,3856],{"class":58},[44,159244,63],{"class":62},[44,159246,159],{"class":58},[44,159248,2461],{"class":62},[44,159250,466],{"class":58},[44,159252,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159254,128],{"class":127},[44,159256,115],{"class":58},[44,159258,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159260,115],{"class":58},[44,159262,147773],{"class":111},[44,159264,3856],{"class":58},[44,159266,63],{"class":62},[44,159268,159],{"class":58},[44,159270,2461],{"class":62},[44,159272,2957],{"class":58},[44,159274,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159276,128],{"class":127},[44,159278,115],{"class":58},[44,159280,11112],{"class":127},[44,159282,115],{"class":58},[44,159284,147773],{"class":111},[44,159286,637],{"class":58},[20,159288,11121],{},[161,159290,159291,159293,159296,159299],{},[164,159292,154987],{},[164,159294,159295],{},"what the slice actually returns",[164,159297,159298],{},"that the result is a tuple",[164,159300,159301],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159303,1757],{"id":1756},[420,159305,159307],{"id":159306},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159309,159310],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[420,159312,159314],{"id":159313},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159316,159317],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[420,159319,5096,159321,39911],{"id":159320},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159322,158140],{},[20,159324,159325],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[420,159327,159329,159330,1778],{"id":159328},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159331,70497],{},[20,159333,159334,159335,108],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159336,70497],{},[30,159338,1821],{"id":1820},[161,159340,159341,159345,159349,159353,159357],{},[164,159342,159343],{},[394,159344,155847],{"href":150734},[164,159346,159347],{},[394,159348,149428],{"href":152854},[164,159350,159351],{},[394,159352,150677],{"href":157011},[164,159354,159355],{},[394,159356,147755],{"href":157373},[164,159358,159359],{},[394,159360,154600],{"href":158865},[1872,159362,159363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":159365},[159366,159367,159368,159369,159377,159381,159382,159387,159388,159393,159394,159402],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":157173,"depth":75,"text":157174},{"id":157376,"depth":75,"text":157377},{"id":75781,"depth":75,"text":75782,"children":159370},[159371,159373,159374,159375,159376],{"id":157534,"depth":95,"text":159372},"Get the first n items",{"id":157613,"depth":95,"text":157614},{"id":157691,"depth":95,"text":157692},{"id":157773,"depth":95,"text":157774},{"id":157855,"depth":95,"text":157856},{"id":76075,"depth":75,"text":76076,"children":159378},[159379,159380],{"id":157950,"depth":95,"text":157951},{"id":158034,"depth":95,"text":158035},{"id":158123,"depth":75,"text":158124},{"id":158375,"depth":75,"text":158376,"children":159383},[159384,159385,159386],{"id":158384,"depth":95,"text":158385},{"id":158500,"depth":95,"text":158501},{"id":158608,"depth":95,"text":158609},{"id":158674,"depth":75,"text":158675},{"id":76908,"depth":75,"text":15125,"children":159389},[159390,159391,159392],{"id":158891,"depth":95,"text":158892},{"id":158976,"depth":95,"text":158977},{"id":159073,"depth":95,"text":159074},{"id":113492,"depth":75,"text":113493},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":159395},[159396,159397,159398,159400],{"id":159306,"depth":95,"text":159307},{"id":159313,"depth":95,"text":159314},{"id":159320,"depth":95,"text":159399},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159328,"depth":95,"text":159401},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157017,"description":159403},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159410,"title":159411,"body":159412,"description":161235,"extension":1921,"meta":161236,"navigation":98,"path":34759,"seo":161237,"stem":161238,"__hash__":161239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159413,"toc":161201},[159414,159419,159424,159428,159446,159449,159464,159470,159472,159529,159531,159563,159575,159581,159586,159589,159624,159630,159632,159635,159649,159652,159654,159677,159679,159697,159700,159716,159718,159721,159834,159836,159925,159928,159933,159939,159942,159945,160044,160046,160105,160110,160113,160182,160186,160218,160234,160239,160246,160253,160265,160267,160316,160318,160341,160347,160395,160400,160407,160415,160421,160424,160448,160451,160453,160529,160531,160556,160562,160565,160570,160574,160588,160590,160653,160655,160687,160690,160706,160708,160714,160721,160723,160742,160744,160762,160769,160774,160781,160783,160820,160823,160830,160834,160837,160895,160898,160901,160956,160958,160970,160976,160978,160982,161015,161022,161024,161087,161090,161092,161097,161111,161118,161126,161135,161144,161150,161156,161158,161198],[10,159415,3536,159417,3540],{"id":159416},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159418,2258],{},[20,159420,32268,159421,159423],{},[15,159422,2258],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159425,62532,159426,104337],{},[15,159427,2258],{},[161,159429,159430,159433,159436,159439],{},[164,159431,159432],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[164,159434,159435],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[164,159437,159438],{},"debug confusing code",[164,159440,159441,159442],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[394,159443,159444],{"href":8167},[15,159445,2917],{},[20,159447,159448],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159450,159452],{"className":37,"code":159451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159453,159454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159455,159456,159458,159460,159462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159457,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159459,115],{"class":58},[44,159461,42350],{"class":1458},[44,159463,121],{"class":58},[20,159465,159466,159467,159469],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159468,2258],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159471,3570],{"id":3569},[35,159473,159475],{"className":37,"code":159474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159476,159477,159489,159503,159507,159515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159478,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159480,7824],{"class":50},[44,159482,55],{"class":54},[44,159484,284],{"class":272},[44,159486,4957],{"class":276},[44,159488,3318],{"class":272},[44,159490,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499,159501],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159492,128],{"class":127},[44,159494,115],{"class":58},[44,159496,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159498,115],{"class":58},[44,159500,7616],{"class":111},[44,159502,637],{"class":58},[44,159504,159505],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159506,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159508,159509,159511,159513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159510,2174],{"class":50},[44,159512,55],{"class":54},[44,159514,2544],{"class":62},[44,159516,159517,159519,159521,159523,159525,159527],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,159518,128],{"class":127},[44,159520,115],{"class":58},[44,159522,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159524,115],{"class":58},[44,159526,2196],{"class":111},[44,159528,637],{"class":58},[20,159530,2028],{},[35,159532,159533],{"className":37,"code":124840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159534,159535,159549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159536,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159538,3248],{"class":54},[44,159540,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159542,3254],{"class":272},[44,159544,3403],{"class":276},[44,159546,3259],{"class":272},[44,159548,3262],{"class":54},[44,159550,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559,159561],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159552,3248],{"class":54},[44,159554,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159556,3254],{"class":272},[44,159558,2145],{"class":276},[44,159560,3259],{"class":272},[44,159562,3262],{"class":54},[20,159564,144,159565,159568,159569,398,159572,108],{},[15,159566,159567],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159570,159571],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159573,159574],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159576,12946,159578,159580],{"id":159577},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159579,2258],{}," function does",[20,159582,159583,159585],{},[15,159584,2258],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159587,159588],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[161,159590,159591,159596,159601,159606,159611,159616],{},[164,159592,159593,159595],{},[15,159594,3403],{}," for text",[164,159597,159598,159600],{},[15,159599,2145],{}," for whole numbers",[164,159602,159603,159605],{},[15,159604,2148],{}," for decimal numbers",[164,159607,159608,159610],{},[15,159609,226],{}," for lists",[164,159612,159613,159615],{},[15,159614,8769],{}," for dictionaries",[164,159617,159618,68861,159620,398,159622],{},[15,159619,3823],{},[15,159621,3565],{},[15,159623,3633],{},[20,159625,159626,159627,159629],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159628,2258],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159631,188],{"id":187},[20,159633,159634],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159636,159637],{"className":37,"code":159451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159638,159639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159640,159641,159643,159645,159647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159642,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159644,115],{"class":58},[44,159646,42350],{"class":1458},[44,159648,121],{"class":58},[20,159650,159651],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159653,2164],{},[35,159655,159657],{"className":37,"code":159656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159658,159659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159660,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669,159671,159673,159675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159662,128],{"class":127},[44,159664,115],{"class":58},[44,159666,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159668,115],{"class":58},[44,159670,273],{"class":272},[44,159672,1262],{"class":276},[44,159674,273],{"class":272},[44,159676,637],{"class":58},[20,159678,2028],{},[35,159680,159681],{"className":37,"code":45721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159682,159683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159684,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159686,3248],{"class":54},[44,159688,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159690,3254],{"class":272},[44,159692,3403],{"class":276},[44,159694,3259],{"class":272},[44,159696,3262],{"class":54},[20,159698,159699],{},"You can pass either:",[161,159701,159702,159709],{},[164,159703,159704,159705,2837,159707],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159706,64300],{},[15,159708,46477],{},[164,159710,159711,159712,2837,159714],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159713,7616],{},[15,159715,9248],{},[30,159717,121652],{"id":121651},[20,159719,159720],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159722,159724],{"className":37,"code":159723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159725,159726,159744,159758,159772,159794,159820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159727,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159729,128],{"class":127},[44,159731,115],{"class":58},[44,159733,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159735,115],{"class":58},[44,159737,273],{"class":272},[44,159739,1262],{"class":276},[44,159741,273],{"class":272},[44,159743,637],{"class":58},[44,159745,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159747,128],{"class":127},[44,159749,115],{"class":58},[44,159751,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159753,115],{"class":58},[44,159755,2287],{"class":62},[44,159757,637],{"class":58},[44,159759,159760,159762,159764,159766,159768,159770],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159761,128],{"class":127},[44,159763,115],{"class":58},[44,159765,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159767,115],{"class":58},[44,159769,40094],{"class":62},[44,159771,637],{"class":58},[44,159773,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159775,128],{"class":127},[44,159777,115],{"class":58},[44,159779,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159781,457],{"class":58},[44,159783,63],{"class":62},[44,159785,66],{"class":58},[44,159787,69],{"class":62},[44,159789,66],{"class":58},[44,159791,2408],{"class":62},[44,159793,2957],{"class":58},[44,159795,159796,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,159797,128],{"class":127},[44,159799,115],{"class":58},[44,159801,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159803,842],{"class":58},[44,159805,273],{"class":272},[44,159807,7616],{"class":276},[44,159809,273],{"class":272},[44,159811,159],{"class":58},[44,159813,284],{"class":272},[44,159815,4957],{"class":276},[44,159817,273],{"class":272},[44,159819,5489],{"class":58},[44,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,159823,128],{"class":127},[44,159825,115],{"class":58},[44,159827,1459],{"class":1458},[44,159829,115],{"class":58},[44,159831,3565],{"class":1582},[44,159833,637],{"class":58},[20,159835,2028],{},[35,159837,159839],{"className":37,"code":159838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159840,159841,159855,159869,159883,159897,159911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159842,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159844,3248],{"class":54},[44,159846,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159848,3254],{"class":272},[44,159850,3403],{"class":276},[44,159852,3259],{"class":272},[44,159854,3262],{"class":54},[44,159856,159857,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159858,3248],{"class":54},[44,159860,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159862,3254],{"class":272},[44,159864,2145],{"class":276},[44,159866,3259],{"class":272},[44,159868,3262],{"class":54},[44,159870,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159872,3248],{"class":54},[44,159874,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159876,3254],{"class":272},[44,159878,2148],{"class":276},[44,159880,3259],{"class":272},[44,159882,3262],{"class":54},[44,159884,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159886,3248],{"class":54},[44,159888,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159890,3254],{"class":272},[44,159892,226],{"class":276},[44,159894,3259],{"class":272},[44,159896,3262],{"class":54},[44,159898,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,159900,3248],{"class":54},[44,159902,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159904,3254],{"class":272},[44,159906,8769],{"class":276},[44,159908,3259],{"class":272},[44,159910,3262],{"class":54},[44,159912,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,159914,3248],{"class":54},[44,159916,3251],{"class":2022},[44,159918,3254],{"class":272},[44,159920,3823],{"class":276},[44,159922,3259],{"class":272},[44,159924,3262],{"class":54},[20,159926,159927],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159929,159930,159931,108],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[394,159932,44748],{"href":48928},[30,159934,582,159936,159938],{"id":159935},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159937,2258],{}," with variables",[20,159940,159941],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159943,159944],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159946,159948],{"className":37,"code":159947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159949,159950,159958,159976,159980,159992,160010,160014,160026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159951,159952,159954,159956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159953,2403],{"class":50},[44,159955,55],{"class":54},[44,159957,2544],{"class":62},[44,159959,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,159961,128],{"class":127},[44,159963,115],{"class":58},[44,159965,2429],{"class":111},[44,159967,66],{"class":58},[44,159969,49340],{"class":1458},[44,159971,115],{"class":58},[44,159973,2429],{"class":111},[44,159975,637],{"class":58},[44,159977,159978],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,159979,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,159981,159982,159984,159986,159988,159990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159983,2403],{"class":50},[44,159985,55],{"class":54},[44,159987,284],{"class":272},[44,159989,45858],{"class":276},[44,159991,3318],{"class":272},[44,159993,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,159995,128],{"class":127},[44,159997,115],{"class":58},[44,159999,2429],{"class":111},[44,160001,66],{"class":58},[44,160003,49340],{"class":1458},[44,160005,115],{"class":58},[44,160007,2429],{"class":111},[44,160009,637],{"class":58},[44,160011,160012],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,160013,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,160017,2403],{"class":50},[44,160019,55],{"class":54},[44,160021,59],{"class":58},[44,160023,2287],{"class":62},[44,160025,72],{"class":58},[44,160027,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042],{"class":46,"line":1596},[44,160029,128],{"class":127},[44,160031,115],{"class":58},[44,160033,2429],{"class":111},[44,160035,66],{"class":58},[44,160037,49340],{"class":1458},[44,160039,115],{"class":58},[44,160041,2429],{"class":111},[44,160043,637],{"class":58},[20,160045,2028],{},[35,160047,160049],{"className":37,"code":160048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160050,160051,160068,160085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160052,160053,160055,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160054,2287],{"class":62},[44,160056,160057],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,160059,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160061,3254],{"class":272},[44,160063,2145],{"class":276},[44,160065,3259],{"class":272},[44,160067,3262],{"class":54},[44,160069,160070,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160071,160072],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,160074,3248],{"class":54},[44,160076,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160078,3254],{"class":272},[44,160080,3403],{"class":276},[44,160082,3259],{"class":272},[44,160084,3262],{"class":54},[44,160086,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160088,3856],{"class":58},[44,160090,2287],{"class":62},[44,160092,13224],{"class":58},[44,160094,160057],{"class":54},[44,160096,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160098,3254],{"class":272},[44,160100,226],{"class":276},[44,160102,3259],{"class":272},[44,160104,3262],{"class":54},[20,160106,160107,160109],{},[15,160108,2258],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160111,160112],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,160114,160116],{"className":37,"code":160115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160117,160118,160136,160150,160154,160168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160119,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160121,3351],{"class":50},[44,160123,55],{"class":54},[44,160125,8190],{"class":127},[44,160127,115],{"class":58},[44,160129,273],{"class":272},[44,160131,41823],{"class":276},[44,160133,273],{"class":272},[44,160135,121],{"class":58},[44,160137,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160139,128],{"class":127},[44,160141,115],{"class":58},[44,160143,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160145,115],{"class":58},[44,160147,3377],{"class":111},[44,160149,637],{"class":58},[44,160151,160152],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160153,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160155,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160157,122764],{"class":50},[44,160159,55],{"class":54},[44,160161,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160163,115],{"class":58},[44,160165,3377],{"class":111},[44,160167,121],{"class":58},[44,160169,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178,160180],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,160171,128],{"class":127},[44,160173,115],{"class":58},[44,160175,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160177,115],{"class":58},[44,160179,122787],{"class":111},[44,160181,637],{"class":58},[20,160183,41072,160184,41076],{},[15,160185,9142],{},[35,160187,160188],{"className":37,"code":124840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160189,160190,160204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160191,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200,160202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160193,3248],{"class":54},[44,160195,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160197,3254],{"class":272},[44,160199,3403],{"class":276},[44,160201,3259],{"class":272},[44,160203,3262],{"class":54},[44,160205,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160207,3248],{"class":54},[44,160209,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160211,3254],{"class":272},[44,160213,2145],{"class":276},[44,160215,3259],{"class":272},[44,160217,3262],{"class":54},[20,160219,45654,160220,160224,160225,2837,160229,160233],{},[394,160221,160222],{"href":8167},[15,160223,2917],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[394,160226,160227],{"href":2833},[15,160228,2836],{},[394,160230,160231],{"href":2840},[15,160232,2843],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160235,160236,160237,108],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[394,160238,8929],{"href":8928},[30,160240,160242,408,160244],{"id":160241},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160243,2258],{},[15,160245,44756],{},[20,160247,160248,398,160250,160252],{},[15,160249,2258],{},[15,160251,44756],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[161,160254,160255,160260],{},[164,160256,160257,160259],{},[15,160258,2258],{}," tells you the exact type",[164,160261,160262,160264],{},[15,160263,44756],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160266,2164],{},[35,160268,160270],{"className":37,"code":160269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160271,160272,160280,160284,160298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160273,160274,160276,160278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160275,2403],{"class":50},[44,160277,55],{"class":54},[44,160279,34793],{"class":62},[44,160281,160282],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160283,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160285,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160287,128],{"class":127},[44,160289,115],{"class":58},[44,160291,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160293,115],{"class":58},[44,160295,2429],{"class":111},[44,160297,637],{"class":58},[44,160299,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308,160310,160312,160314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160301,128],{"class":127},[44,160303,115],{"class":58},[44,160305,48826],{"class":127},[44,160307,115],{"class":58},[44,160309,2429],{"class":111},[44,160311,66],{"class":58},[44,160313,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160315,637],{"class":58},[20,160317,2028],{},[35,160319,160321],{"className":37,"code":160320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160322,160323,160337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160324,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160326,3248],{"class":54},[44,160328,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160330,3254],{"class":272},[44,160332,2145],{"class":276},[44,160334,3259],{"class":272},[44,160336,3262],{"class":54},[44,160338,160339],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160340,3936],{"class":1582},[20,160342,160343,160344,160346],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160345,44756],{}," is more practical.",[35,160348,160350],{"className":37,"code":160349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160351,160352,160360,160364,160380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160353,160354,160356,160358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160355,2403],{"class":50},[44,160357,55],{"class":54},[44,160359,34793],{"class":62},[44,160361,160362],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160363,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160365,160366,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160367,6944],{"class":3832},[44,160369,49563],{"class":127},[44,160371,115],{"class":58},[44,160373,2429],{"class":111},[44,160375,66],{"class":58},[44,160377,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160379,8288],{"class":58},[44,160381,160382,160384,160386,160388,160391,160393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160383,8017],{"class":127},[44,160385,115],{"class":58},[44,160387,273],{"class":272},[44,160389,160390],{"class":276},"This is an integer",[44,160392,273],{"class":272},[44,160394,121],{"class":58},[20,160396,144,160397,160399],{},[15,160398,2258],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160401,144,160402,160404,160405,7119],{},[15,160403,44756],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160406,6944],{},[20,160408,160409,160410,108],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[394,160411,3536,160413,3469],{"href":160412},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160414,44756],{},[30,160416,160418,160419],{"id":160417},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160420,2258],{},[20,160422,160423],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160425,160427],{"className":37,"code":160426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160428,160429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160430,160431,160433,160435,160437,160439,160442,160444,160446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160432,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160434,115],{"class":58},[44,160436,7616],{"class":111},[44,160438,66],{"class":58},[44,160440,160441],{"class":111}," bases",[44,160443,66],{"class":58},[44,160445,9119],{"class":1458},[44,160447,121],{"class":58},[20,160449,160450],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160452,2164],{},[35,160454,160456],{"className":37,"code":160455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160457,160458,160501,160505,160515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160459,160460,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471,160474,160476,160478,160481,160483,160485,160488,160490,160492,160494,160497,160499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160461,160462],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160464,55],{"class":54},[44,160466,49340],{"class":1458},[44,160468,115],{"class":58},[44,160470,273],{"class":272},[44,160472,160473],{"class":276},"Person",[44,160475,273],{"class":272},[44,160477,66],{"class":58},[44,160479,160480],{"class":58}," (),",[44,160482,10441],{"class":58},[44,160484,273],{"class":272},[44,160486,160487],{"class":276},"species",[44,160489,273],{"class":272},[44,160491,159],{"class":58},[44,160493,284],{"class":272},[44,160495,160496],{"class":276},"human",[44,160498,273],{"class":272},[44,160500,851],{"class":58},[44,160502,160503],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160504,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160506,160507,160509,160511,160513],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160508,128],{"class":127},[44,160510,115],{"class":58},[44,160512,160473],{"class":111},[44,160514,121],{"class":58},[44,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160518,128],{"class":127},[44,160520,115],{"class":58},[44,160522,160473],{"class":111},[44,160524,108],{"class":58},[44,160526,160487],{"class":1492},[44,160528,121],{"class":58},[20,160530,2028],{},[35,160532,160534],{"className":37,"code":160533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160535,160536,160551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160537,160538,160540,160542,160544,160547,160549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160539,3248],{"class":54},[44,160541,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160543,3254],{"class":272},[44,160545,160546],{"class":276},"__main__.Person",[44,160548,3259],{"class":272},[44,160550,3262],{"class":54},[44,160552,160553],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160554,160555],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160557,160558,160559,160561],{},"Most beginners do ",[214,160560,4583],{}," need this form.",[20,160563,160564],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160566,1638,160568],{"id":160567},"when-to-use-type",[15,160569,2258],{},[20,160571,160572,12395],{},[15,160573,2258],{},[161,160575,160576,160579,160582,160585],{},[164,160577,160578],{},"debug unexpected values",[164,160580,160581],{},"check what a conversion produced",[164,160583,160584],{},"learn Python data types",[164,160586,160587],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160589,1659],{},[35,160591,160593],{"className":37,"code":160592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160594,160595,160607,160621,160625,160639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160596,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160598,34638],{"class":50},[44,160600,55],{"class":54},[44,160602,284],{"class":272},[44,160604,50196],{"class":276},[44,160606,3318],{"class":272},[44,160608,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160610,2174],{"class":50},[44,160612,55],{"class":54},[44,160614,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160616,115],{"class":58},[44,160618,34659],{"class":111},[44,160620,121],{"class":58},[44,160622,160623],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160624,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160626,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160628,128],{"class":127},[44,160630,115],{"class":58},[44,160632,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160634,115],{"class":58},[44,160636,34659],{"class":111},[44,160638,637],{"class":58},[44,160640,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,160642,128],{"class":127},[44,160644,115],{"class":58},[44,160646,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160648,115],{"class":58},[44,160650,2196],{"class":111},[44,160652,637],{"class":58},[20,160654,2028],{},[35,160656,160657],{"className":37,"code":124840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160658,160659,160673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160660,160661,160663,160665,160667,160669,160671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160662,3248],{"class":54},[44,160664,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160666,3254],{"class":272},[44,160668,3403],{"class":276},[44,160670,3259],{"class":272},[44,160672,3262],{"class":54},[44,160674,160675,160677,160679,160681,160683,160685],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160676,3248],{"class":54},[44,160678,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160680,3254],{"class":272},[44,160682,2145],{"class":276},[44,160684,3259],{"class":272},[44,160686,3262],{"class":54},[20,160688,160689],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160691,160692,160693,798,160697,802,160701,160705],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[394,160694,160695],{"href":42126},[15,160696,47635],{},[394,160698,160699],{"href":2833},[15,160700,2836],{},[394,160702,160703],{"href":2840},[15,160704,2843],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160707,25308],{"id":25307},[20,160709,160710,160711,160713],{},"A few things about ",[15,160712,2258],{}," often confuse beginners.",[420,160715,160717,160720],{"id":160716},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160718,160719],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160722,64409],{},[35,160724,160726],{"className":37,"code":160725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160727,160728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160729,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160731,128],{"class":127},[44,160733,115],{"class":58},[44,160735,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160737,115],{"class":58},[44,160739,1410],{"class":62},[44,160741,637],{"class":58},[20,160743,122683],{},[35,160745,160746],{"className":37,"code":156195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160747,160748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160749,160750,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160751,3248],{"class":54},[44,160753,3251],{"class":2022},[44,160755,3254],{"class":272},[44,160757,2145],{"class":276},[44,160759,3259],{"class":272},[44,160761,3262],{"class":54},[20,160763,40857,160764,160766,160767,108],{},[214,160765,4583],{}," print just ",[15,160768,2145],{},[20,160770,6623,160771,160773],{},[15,160772,2258],{}," returns a class object.",[420,160775,160777,877,160779],{"id":160776},"input-returns-str",[15,160778,2917],{},[15,160780,3403],{},[20,160782,79308],{},[35,160784,160786],{"className":37,"code":160785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160787,160788,160806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160791,2403],{"class":50},[44,160793,55],{"class":54},[44,160795,8190],{"class":127},[44,160797,115],{"class":58},[44,160799,273],{"class":272},[44,160801,46261],{"class":276},[44,160803,273],{"class":272},[44,160805,121],{"class":58},[44,160807,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160809,128],{"class":127},[44,160811,115],{"class":58},[44,160813,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160815,115],{"class":58},[44,160817,2429],{"class":111},[44,160819,637],{"class":58},[20,160821,160822],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160824,160825,160826,2837,160828,108],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160827,2836],{},[15,160829,2843],{},[420,160831,160833],{"id":160832},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160835,160836],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160838,160840],{"className":37,"code":160839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160841,160842,160850,160854,160880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160843,160844,160846,160848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160845,2403],{"class":50},[44,160847,55],{"class":54},[44,160849,34793],{"class":62},[44,160851,160852],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160853,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160855,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160857,6944],{"class":3832},[44,160859,48855],{"class":1458},[44,160861,115],{"class":58},[44,160863,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160865,115],{"class":58},[44,160867,2429],{"class":111},[44,160869,5315],{"class":58},[44,160871,6359],{"class":54},[44,160873,284],{"class":272},[44,160875,159574],{"class":276},[44,160877,273],{"class":272},[44,160879,6344],{"class":58},[44,160881,160882,160884,160886,160888,160891,160893],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160883,8017],{"class":127},[44,160885,115],{"class":58},[44,160887,273],{"class":272},[44,160889,160890],{"class":276},"It is an int",[44,160892,273],{"class":272},[44,160894,121],{"class":58},[20,160896,160897],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160899,160900],{},"Better options:",[35,160902,160904],{"className":37,"code":160903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160905,160906,160914,160918,160938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160907,160908,160910,160912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160909,2403],{"class":50},[44,160911,55],{"class":54},[44,160913,34793],{"class":62},[44,160915,160916],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160917,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,160919,160920,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,160921,128],{"class":127},[44,160923,115],{"class":58},[44,160925,1459],{"class":1458},[44,160927,115],{"class":58},[44,160929,2429],{"class":111},[44,160931,1476],{"class":58},[44,160933,6359],{"class":54},[44,160935,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160937,121],{"class":58},[44,160939,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160941,128],{"class":127},[44,160943,115],{"class":58},[44,160945,48826],{"class":127},[44,160947,115],{"class":58},[44,160949,2429],{"class":111},[44,160951,66],{"class":58},[44,160953,45227],{"class":1458},[44,160955,637],{"class":58},[20,160957,2028],{},[35,160959,160960],{"className":37,"code":4458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160961,160962,160966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160963,160964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160965,3936],{"class":1582},[44,160967,160968],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,160969,3936],{"class":1582},[20,160971,160972,160973,160975],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160974,44756],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,160977,2788],{"id":2787},[20,160979,1086,160980,159],{},[15,160981,2258],{},[161,160983,160984,160994,161003,161012],{},[164,160985,582,160986,160988,160989,160993],{},[15,160987,2258],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[394,160990,160991],{"href":8167},[15,160992,2917],{}," always returns a string",[164,160995,8399,160996,160998,160999,11042,161001],{},[15,160997,2258],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161000,2145],{},[15,161002,159574],{},[164,161004,582,161005,1170,161008,161011],{},[15,161006,161007],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161009,161010],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[164,161013,161014],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161016,161017,161018,108],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[394,161019,161021],{"href":161020},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161023,144349],{},[35,161025,161027],{"className":37,"code":161026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161028,161029,161043,161053,161067,161077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161030,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161032,128],{"class":127},[44,161034,115],{"class":58},[44,161036,1459],{"class":1458},[44,161038,115],{"class":58},[44,161040,2429],{"class":111},[44,161042,637],{"class":58},[44,161044,161045,161047,161049,161051],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161046,128],{"class":127},[44,161048,115],{"class":58},[44,161050,2429],{"class":111},[44,161052,121],{"class":58},[44,161054,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161056,128],{"class":127},[44,161058,115],{"class":58},[44,161060,41731],{"class":127},[44,161062,115],{"class":58},[44,161064,2429],{"class":111},[44,161066,637],{"class":58},[44,161068,161069,161071,161073,161075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161070,1483],{"class":127},[44,161072,115],{"class":58},[44,161074,1459],{"class":1458},[44,161076,121],{"class":58},[44,161078,161079,161081,161083,161085],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,161080,34322],{"class":127},[44,161082,115],{"class":58},[44,161084,2429],{"class":111},[44,161086,121],{"class":58},[20,161088,161089],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,161091,1757],{"id":1756},[420,161093,5096,161095,5099],{"id":161094},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161096,2258],{},[20,161098,161099,161100,798,161102,798,161104,2149,161106,161108,161109,108],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161101,3403],{},[15,161103,2145],{},[15,161105,226],{},[15,161107,8769],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161110,159571],{},[420,161112,14851,161114,57129,161116,1778],{"id":161113},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161115,2258],{},[15,161117,44756],{},[20,161119,46316,161120,161122,161123,161125],{},[15,161121,2258],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161124,44756],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[420,161127,5112,161129,161132,161133,1778],{"id":161128},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161130,161131],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161134,3403],{},[20,161136,29012,161137,161139,161140,2837,161142,160233],{},[15,161138,2917],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161141,2836],{},[15,161143,2843],{},[420,161145,5124,161147,161149],{"id":161146},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161148,2258],{}," create classes?",[20,161151,161152,161153,108],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161154,161155],{},"type(object)",[30,161157,1821],{"id":1820},[161,161159,161160,161164,161170,161176,161180,161186,161192],{},[164,161161,161162],{},[394,161163,44748],{"href":48928},[164,161165,161166],{},[394,161167,3536,161168,3469],{"href":160412},[15,161169,44756],{},[164,161171,161172],{},[394,161173,3536,161174,3469],{"href":8167},[15,161175,2917],{},[164,161177,161178],{},[394,161179,9006],{"href":8928},[164,161181,161182],{},[394,161183,3536,161184,3469],{"href":2833},[15,161185,2836],{},[164,161187,161188],{},[394,161189,3536,161190,3469],{"href":2840},[15,161191,2843],{},[164,161193,161194],{},[394,161195,3536,161196,3469],{"href":42126},[15,161197,47635],{},[1872,161199,161200],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":161202},[161203,161204,161206,161207,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161223,161224,161234],{"id":3569,"depth":75,"text":3570},{"id":159577,"depth":75,"text":161205},"What the type() function does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":121651,"depth":75,"text":121652},{"id":159935,"depth":75,"text":161209},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160241,"depth":75,"text":161211},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160417,"depth":75,"text":161213},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160567,"depth":75,"text":161215},"When to use type()",{"id":25307,"depth":75,"text":25308,"children":161217},[161218,161220,161222],{"id":160716,"depth":95,"text":161219},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160776,"depth":95,"text":161221},"input() returns str",{"id":160832,"depth":95,"text":160833},{"id":2787,"depth":75,"text":2788},{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":161225},[161226,161228,161230,161232],{"id":161094,"depth":95,"text":161227},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161113,"depth":95,"text":161229},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161128,"depth":95,"text":161231},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161146,"depth":95,"text":161233},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159411,"description":161235},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161241,"title":161242,"body":161243,"description":163722,"extension":1921,"meta":163723,"navigation":98,"path":163724,"seo":163725,"stem":163726,"__hash__":163727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161244,"toc":163679},[161245,161250,161255,161264,161266,161366,161368,161393,161398,161403,161419,161422,161424,161426,161451,161454,161457,161540,161542,161591,161594,161716,161718,161791,161795,161798,161912,161914,161940,161942,161963,161968,161972,161977,161980,162084,162086,162103,162112,162115,162202,162204,162215,162220,162226,162231,162237,162240,162333,162335,162384,162390,162393,162494,162496,162549,162554,162558,162561,162660,162662,162701,162704,162709,162711,162716,162720,162833,162837,162934,162938,163026,163028,163045,163049,163172,163178,163184,163190,163195,163198,163225,163229,163231,163325,163328,163332,163335,163422,163425,163460,163462,163499,163502,163510,163515,163520,163594,163601,163603,163608,163611,163617,163620,163626,163631,163637,163642,163646,163649,163651,163676],[10,161246,3536,161248,3540],{"id":161247},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161249,64085],{},[20,161251,161252,161254],{},[15,161253,64085],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161256,161257,161258,161260,161261,161263],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161259,64085],{}," inside a ",[15,161262,5909],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161265,33],{"id":32},[35,161267,161269],{"className":37,"code":161268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161270,161271,161303,161323,161327,161352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161272,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161274,4948],{"class":50},[44,161276,55],{"class":54},[44,161278,59],{"class":58},[44,161280,273],{"class":272},[44,161282,12830],{"class":276},[44,161284,273],{"class":272},[44,161286,66],{"class":58},[44,161288,284],{"class":272},[44,161290,35893],{"class":276},[44,161292,273],{"class":272},[44,161294,66],{"class":58},[44,161296,284],{"class":272},[44,161298,35902],{"class":276},[44,161300,273],{"class":272},[44,161302,72],{"class":58},[44,161304,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161306,5017],{"class":50},[44,161308,55],{"class":54},[44,161310,59],{"class":58},[44,161312,1676],{"class":62},[44,161314,66],{"class":58},[44,161316,1681],{"class":62},[44,161318,66],{"class":58},[44,161320,28871],{"class":62},[44,161322,72],{"class":58},[44,161324,161325],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161326,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,161328,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161330,5909],{"class":3832},[44,161332,35944],{"class":50},[44,161334,66],{"class":58},[44,161336,5059],{"class":50},[44,161338,3839],{"class":3832},[44,161340,161341],{"class":127}," zip",[44,161343,115],{"class":58},[44,161345,4992],{"class":111},[44,161347,66],{"class":58},[44,161349,5064],{"class":111},[44,161351,8288],{"class":58},[44,161353,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,161355,8017],{"class":127},[44,161357,115],{"class":58},[44,161359,7616],{"class":111},[44,161361,66],{"class":58},[44,161363,130629],{"class":111},[44,161365,121],{"class":58},[20,161367,2028],{},[35,161369,161371],{"className":37,"code":161370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161372,161373,161379,161386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161374,161375,161377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161376,133648],{"class":50},[44,161378,33086],{"class":62},[44,161380,161381,161384],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161382,161383],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161385,33091],{"class":62},[44,161387,161388,161391],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161389,161390],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161392,33096],{"class":62},[20,161394,144,161395,161397],{},[15,161396,64085],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161399,151,161401,154],{"id":161400},"what-zip-does",[15,161402,64085],{},[161,161404,161405,161410,161413,161416],{},[164,161406,161407,161409],{},[15,161408,64085],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[164,161411,161412],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[164,161414,161415],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[164,161417,161418],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161420,161421],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161423,188],{"id":187},[20,161425,7165],{},[35,161427,161429],{"className":37,"code":161428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161430,161431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161432,161433,161435,161437,161440,161442,161445,161447,161449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161434,64155],{"class":127},[44,161436,115],{"class":58},[44,161438,161439],{"class":111},"iterable1",[44,161441,66],{"class":58},[44,161443,161444],{"class":111}," iterable2",[44,161446,66],{"class":58},[44,161448,34404],{"class":127},[44,161450,121],{"class":58},[20,161452,161453],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161455,161456],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161458,161460],{"className":37,"code":161459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161461,161462,161482,161514,161518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161463,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161465,51],{"class":50},[44,161467,55],{"class":54},[44,161469,59],{"class":58},[44,161471,63],{"class":62},[44,161473,66],{"class":58},[44,161475,69],{"class":62},[44,161477,66],{"class":58},[44,161479,2408],{"class":62},[44,161481,72],{"class":58},[44,161483,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161485,672],{"class":50},[44,161487,55],{"class":54},[44,161489,59],{"class":58},[44,161491,273],{"class":272},[44,161493,394],{"class":276},[44,161495,273],{"class":272},[44,161497,66],{"class":58},[44,161499,284],{"class":272},[44,161501,4714],{"class":276},[44,161503,273],{"class":272},[44,161505,66],{"class":58},[44,161507,284],{"class":272},[44,161509,9689],{"class":276},[44,161511,273],{"class":272},[44,161513,72],{"class":58},[44,161515,161516],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161517,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,161519,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161521,128],{"class":127},[44,161523,115],{"class":58},[44,161525,226],{"class":1458},[44,161527,115],{"class":58},[44,161529,64155],{"class":127},[44,161531,115],{"class":58},[44,161533,105],{"class":111},[44,161535,66],{"class":58},[44,161537,69862],{"class":111},[44,161539,2871],{"class":58},[20,161541,2028],{},[35,161543,161545],{"className":37,"code":161544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161546,161547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161548,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161550,21691],{"class":58},[44,161552,63],{"class":62},[44,161554,66],{"class":58},[44,161556,3254],{"class":272},[44,161558,394],{"class":276},[44,161560,3259],{"class":272},[44,161562,9182],{"class":58},[44,161564,9185],{"class":58},[44,161566,801],{"class":62},[44,161568,66],{"class":58},[44,161570,3254],{"class":272},[44,161572,4714],{"class":276},[44,161574,3259],{"class":272},[44,161576,9182],{"class":58},[44,161578,9185],{"class":58},[44,161580,85],{"class":62},[44,161582,66],{"class":58},[44,161584,3254],{"class":272},[44,161586,9689],{"class":276},[44,161588,3259],{"class":272},[44,161590,9198],{"class":58},[20,161592,161593],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161595,161597],{"className":37,"code":161596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161598,161599,161631,161651,161685,161689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161600,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161602,4948],{"class":50},[44,161604,55],{"class":54},[44,161606,59],{"class":58},[44,161608,273],{"class":272},[44,161610,12830],{"class":276},[44,161612,273],{"class":272},[44,161614,66],{"class":58},[44,161616,284],{"class":272},[44,161618,35893],{"class":276},[44,161620,273],{"class":272},[44,161622,66],{"class":58},[44,161624,284],{"class":272},[44,161626,35902],{"class":276},[44,161628,273],{"class":272},[44,161630,72],{"class":58},[44,161632,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161634,5017],{"class":50},[44,161636,55],{"class":54},[44,161638,59],{"class":58},[44,161640,1676],{"class":62},[44,161642,66],{"class":58},[44,161644,1681],{"class":62},[44,161646,66],{"class":58},[44,161648,28871],{"class":62},[44,161650,72],{"class":58},[44,161652,161653,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161681,161683],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161654,161655],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161657,55],{"class":54},[44,161659,59],{"class":58},[44,161661,273],{"class":272},[44,161663,22196],{"class":276},[44,161665,273],{"class":272},[44,161667,66],{"class":58},[44,161669,284],{"class":272},[44,161671,30551],{"class":276},[44,161673,273],{"class":272},[44,161675,66],{"class":58},[44,161677,284],{"class":272},[44,161679,161680],{"class":276},"B+",[44,161682,273],{"class":272},[44,161684,72],{"class":58},[44,161686,161687],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161688,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,161690,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161714],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,161692,128],{"class":127},[44,161694,115],{"class":58},[44,161696,226],{"class":1458},[44,161698,115],{"class":58},[44,161700,64155],{"class":127},[44,161702,115],{"class":58},[44,161704,4992],{"class":111},[44,161706,66],{"class":58},[44,161708,5064],{"class":111},[44,161710,66],{"class":58},[44,161712,161713],{"class":111}," grades",[44,161715,2871],{"class":58},[20,161717,2028],{},[35,161719,161721],{"className":37,"code":161720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161722,161723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161726,21691],{"class":58},[44,161728,3259],{"class":272},[44,161730,12830],{"class":276},[44,161732,3259],{"class":272},[44,161734,66],{"class":58},[44,161736,19848],{"class":62},[44,161738,66],{"class":58},[44,161740,3254],{"class":272},[44,161742,22196],{"class":276},[44,161744,3259],{"class":272},[44,161746,9182],{"class":58},[44,161748,9185],{"class":58},[44,161750,3259],{"class":272},[44,161752,35893],{"class":276},[44,161754,3259],{"class":272},[44,161756,66],{"class":58},[44,161758,1681],{"class":62},[44,161760,66],{"class":58},[44,161762,3254],{"class":272},[44,161764,30551],{"class":276},[44,161766,3259],{"class":272},[44,161768,9182],{"class":58},[44,161770,9185],{"class":58},[44,161772,3259],{"class":272},[44,161774,35902],{"class":276},[44,161776,3259],{"class":272},[44,161778,66],{"class":58},[44,161780,28871],{"class":62},[44,161782,66],{"class":58},[44,161784,3254],{"class":272},[44,161786,161680],{"class":276},[44,161788,3259],{"class":272},[44,161790,9198],{"class":58},[30,161792,161794],{"id":161793},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161796,161797],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161799,161801],{"className":37,"code":161800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161802,161803,161835,161855,161859,161883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161806,4948],{"class":50},[44,161808,55],{"class":54},[44,161810,59],{"class":58},[44,161812,273],{"class":272},[44,161814,12830],{"class":276},[44,161816,273],{"class":272},[44,161818,66],{"class":58},[44,161820,284],{"class":272},[44,161822,35893],{"class":276},[44,161824,273],{"class":272},[44,161826,66],{"class":58},[44,161828,284],{"class":272},[44,161830,35902],{"class":276},[44,161832,273],{"class":272},[44,161834,72],{"class":58},[44,161836,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161838,5017],{"class":50},[44,161840,55],{"class":54},[44,161842,59],{"class":58},[44,161844,1676],{"class":62},[44,161846,66],{"class":58},[44,161848,1681],{"class":62},[44,161850,66],{"class":58},[44,161852,28871],{"class":62},[44,161854,72],{"class":58},[44,161856,161857],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161858,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,161860,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161862,5909],{"class":3832},[44,161864,35944],{"class":50},[44,161866,66],{"class":58},[44,161868,5059],{"class":50},[44,161870,3839],{"class":3832},[44,161872,161341],{"class":127},[44,161874,115],{"class":58},[44,161876,4992],{"class":111},[44,161878,66],{"class":58},[44,161880,5064],{"class":111},[44,161882,8288],{"class":58},[44,161884,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,161886,8017],{"class":127},[44,161888,115],{"class":58},[44,161890,22245],{"class":2022},[44,161892,273],{"class":276},[44,161894,9227],{"class":62},[44,161896,7616],{"class":111},[44,161898,22254],{"class":62},[44,161900,161901],{"class":276}," scored ",[44,161903,9227],{"class":62},[44,161905,85286],{"class":111},[44,161907,22254],{"class":62},[44,161909,273],{"class":276},[44,161911,121],{"class":58},[20,161913,2028],{},[35,161915,161917],{"className":37,"code":161916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161918,161919,161926,161933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161920,161921,161924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161922,161923],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161925,33086],{"class":62},[44,161927,161928,161931],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,161929,161930],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161932,33091],{"class":62},[44,161934,161935,161938],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,161936,161937],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161939,33096],{"class":62},[20,161941,44881],{},[161,161943,161944,161953,161956],{},[164,161945,161946,161949,161950],{},[15,161947,161948],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161951,161952],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[164,161954,161955],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[164,161957,161958,398,161960,161962],{},[15,161959,7616],{},[15,161961,85286],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161964,161965,161966,108],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[394,161967,69379],{"href":69378},[30,161969,161971],{"id":161970},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161973,161974,161976],{},[15,161975,64085],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161978,161979],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161981,161983],{"className":37,"code":161982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161984,161985,162026,162042,162046,162070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161986,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162022,162024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161988,4948],{"class":50},[44,161990,55],{"class":54},[44,161992,59],{"class":58},[44,161994,273],{"class":272},[44,161996,12830],{"class":276},[44,161998,273],{"class":272},[44,162000,66],{"class":58},[44,162002,284],{"class":272},[44,162004,35893],{"class":276},[44,162006,273],{"class":272},[44,162008,66],{"class":58},[44,162010,284],{"class":272},[44,162012,35902],{"class":276},[44,162014,273],{"class":272},[44,162016,66],{"class":58},[44,162018,284],{"class":272},[44,162020,162021],{"class":276},"Dan",[44,162023,273],{"class":272},[44,162025,72],{"class":58},[44,162027,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162029,5017],{"class":50},[44,162031,55],{"class":54},[44,162033,59],{"class":58},[44,162035,1676],{"class":62},[44,162037,66],{"class":58},[44,162039,1681],{"class":62},[44,162041,72],{"class":58},[44,162043,162044],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162045,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162047,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162049,5909],{"class":3832},[44,162051,35944],{"class":50},[44,162053,66],{"class":58},[44,162055,5059],{"class":50},[44,162057,3839],{"class":3832},[44,162059,161341],{"class":127},[44,162061,115],{"class":58},[44,162063,4992],{"class":111},[44,162065,66],{"class":58},[44,162067,5064],{"class":111},[44,162069,8288],{"class":58},[44,162071,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162073,8017],{"class":127},[44,162075,115],{"class":58},[44,162077,7616],{"class":111},[44,162079,66],{"class":58},[44,162081,130629],{"class":111},[44,162083,121],{"class":58},[20,162085,2028],{},[35,162087,162089],{"className":37,"code":162088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162090,162091,162097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162092,162093,162095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162094,133648],{"class":50},[44,162096,33086],{"class":62},[44,162098,162099,162101],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162100,161383],{"class":50},[44,162102,33091],{"class":62},[20,162104,2242,162105,398,162108,162111],{},[15,162106,162107],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162109,162110],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162113,162114],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,162116,162118],{"className":37,"code":162117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162119,162120,162160,162176,162180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162121,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162123,4948],{"class":50},[44,162125,55],{"class":54},[44,162127,59],{"class":58},[44,162129,273],{"class":272},[44,162131,12830],{"class":276},[44,162133,273],{"class":272},[44,162135,66],{"class":58},[44,162137,284],{"class":272},[44,162139,35893],{"class":276},[44,162141,273],{"class":272},[44,162143,66],{"class":58},[44,162145,284],{"class":272},[44,162147,35902],{"class":276},[44,162149,273],{"class":272},[44,162151,66],{"class":58},[44,162153,284],{"class":272},[44,162155,162021],{"class":276},[44,162157,273],{"class":272},[44,162159,72],{"class":58},[44,162161,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162163,5017],{"class":50},[44,162165,55],{"class":54},[44,162167,59],{"class":58},[44,162169,1676],{"class":62},[44,162171,66],{"class":58},[44,162173,1681],{"class":62},[44,162175,72],{"class":58},[44,162177,162178],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162179,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162181,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162183,128],{"class":127},[44,162185,115],{"class":58},[44,162187,11112],{"class":127},[44,162189,115],{"class":58},[44,162191,4992],{"class":111},[44,162193,9182],{"class":58},[44,162195,38337],{"class":127},[44,162197,115],{"class":58},[44,162199,16338],{"class":111},[44,162201,637],{"class":58},[20,162203,2028],{},[35,162205,162207],{"className":37,"code":162206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162208,162209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162210,162211,162213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162212,2461],{"class":62},[44,162214,45540],{"class":62},[20,162216,162217,162218,108],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162219,64085],{},[30,162221,91877,162223,162225],{"id":162222},"converting-zip-output",[15,162224,64085],{}," output",[20,162227,29012,162228,162230],{},[15,162229,64085],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[420,162232,144,162234],{"id":162233},"use-listzip",[15,162235,162236],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162238,162239],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162241,162243],{"className":37,"code":162242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162244,162245,162277,162297,162301,162323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162246,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162248,4948],{"class":50},[44,162250,55],{"class":54},[44,162252,59],{"class":58},[44,162254,273],{"class":272},[44,162256,12830],{"class":276},[44,162258,273],{"class":272},[44,162260,66],{"class":58},[44,162262,284],{"class":272},[44,162264,35893],{"class":276},[44,162266,273],{"class":272},[44,162268,66],{"class":58},[44,162270,284],{"class":272},[44,162272,35902],{"class":276},[44,162274,273],{"class":272},[44,162276,72],{"class":58},[44,162278,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162280,5017],{"class":50},[44,162282,55],{"class":54},[44,162284,59],{"class":58},[44,162286,1676],{"class":62},[44,162288,66],{"class":58},[44,162290,1681],{"class":62},[44,162292,66],{"class":58},[44,162294,28871],{"class":62},[44,162296,72],{"class":58},[44,162298,162299],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162300,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162302,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162304,9164],{"class":50},[44,162306,55],{"class":54},[44,162308,22510],{"class":1458},[44,162310,115],{"class":58},[44,162312,64155],{"class":127},[44,162314,115],{"class":58},[44,162316,4992],{"class":111},[44,162318,66],{"class":58},[44,162320,5064],{"class":111},[44,162322,637],{"class":58},[44,162324,162325,162327,162329,162331],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162326,128],{"class":127},[44,162328,115],{"class":58},[44,162330,9211],{"class":111},[44,162332,121],{"class":58},[20,162334,2028],{},[35,162336,162338],{"className":37,"code":162337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162339,162340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162341,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162343,21691],{"class":58},[44,162345,3259],{"class":272},[44,162347,12830],{"class":276},[44,162349,3259],{"class":272},[44,162351,66],{"class":58},[44,162353,19848],{"class":62},[44,162355,9182],{"class":58},[44,162357,9185],{"class":58},[44,162359,3259],{"class":272},[44,162361,35893],{"class":276},[44,162363,3259],{"class":272},[44,162365,66],{"class":58},[44,162367,1681],{"class":62},[44,162369,9182],{"class":58},[44,162371,9185],{"class":58},[44,162373,3259],{"class":272},[44,162375,35902],{"class":276},[44,162377,3259],{"class":272},[44,162379,66],{"class":58},[44,162381,28871],{"class":62},[44,162383,9198],{"class":58},[420,162385,144,162387],{"id":162386},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162388,162389],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162391,162392],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162394,162396],{"className":37,"code":162395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162397,162398,162430,162458,162462,162484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162399,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162401,17191],{"class":50},[44,162403,55],{"class":54},[44,162405,59],{"class":58},[44,162407,273],{"class":272},[44,162409,7616],{"class":276},[44,162411,273],{"class":272},[44,162413,66],{"class":58},[44,162415,284],{"class":272},[44,162417,9248],{"class":276},[44,162419,273],{"class":272},[44,162421,66],{"class":58},[44,162423,284],{"class":272},[44,162425,10359],{"class":276},[44,162427,273],{"class":272},[44,162429,72],{"class":58},[44,162431,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162433,604],{"class":50},[44,162435,55],{"class":54},[44,162437,59],{"class":58},[44,162439,273],{"class":272},[44,162441,12830],{"class":276},[44,162443,273],{"class":272},[44,162445,66],{"class":58},[44,162447,9255],{"class":62},[44,162449,66],{"class":58},[44,162451,284],{"class":272},[44,162453,15980],{"class":276},[44,162455,273],{"class":272},[44,162457,72],{"class":58},[44,162459,162460],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162461,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162463,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162465,13155],{"class":50},[44,162467,55],{"class":54},[44,162469,9119],{"class":1458},[44,162471,115],{"class":58},[44,162473,64155],{"class":127},[44,162475,115],{"class":58},[44,162477,16873],{"class":111},[44,162479,66],{"class":58},[44,162481,3842],{"class":111},[44,162483,637],{"class":58},[44,162485,162486,162488,162490,162492],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162487,128],{"class":127},[44,162489,115],{"class":58},[44,162491,17256],{"class":111},[44,162493,121],{"class":58},[20,162495,2028],{},[35,162497,162499],{"className":37,"code":162498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162500,162501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162502,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162504,9227],{"class":58},[44,162506,3259],{"class":272},[44,162508,7616],{"class":276},[44,162510,3259],{"class":272},[44,162512,159],{"class":58},[44,162514,3254],{"class":272},[44,162516,12830],{"class":276},[44,162518,3259],{"class":272},[44,162520,66],{"class":58},[44,162522,3254],{"class":272},[44,162524,9248],{"class":276},[44,162526,3259],{"class":272},[44,162528,159],{"class":58},[44,162530,9255],{"class":62},[44,162532,66],{"class":58},[44,162534,3254],{"class":272},[44,162536,10359],{"class":276},[44,162538,3259],{"class":272},[44,162540,159],{"class":58},[44,162542,3254],{"class":272},[44,162544,15980],{"class":276},[44,162546,3259],{"class":272},[44,162548,9258],{"class":58},[20,162550,162551,162552,108],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[394,162553,31038],{"href":31037},[420,162555,162557],{"id":162556},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162559,162560],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162562,162564],{"className":37,"code":162563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162565,162566,162590,162606,162610,162628,162632,162646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162567,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162569,4948],{"class":50},[44,162571,55],{"class":54},[44,162573,59],{"class":58},[44,162575,273],{"class":272},[44,162577,12830],{"class":276},[44,162579,273],{"class":272},[44,162581,66],{"class":58},[44,162583,284],{"class":272},[44,162585,35893],{"class":276},[44,162587,273],{"class":272},[44,162589,72],{"class":58},[44,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162593,5017],{"class":50},[44,162595,55],{"class":54},[44,162597,59],{"class":58},[44,162599,1676],{"class":62},[44,162601,66],{"class":58},[44,162603,1681],{"class":62},[44,162605,72],{"class":58},[44,162607,162608],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162609,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162611,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162613,9164],{"class":50},[44,162615,55],{"class":54},[44,162617,161341],{"class":127},[44,162619,115],{"class":58},[44,162621,4992],{"class":111},[44,162623,66],{"class":58},[44,162625,5064],{"class":111},[44,162627,121],{"class":58},[44,162629,162630],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162631,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162633,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,162635,128],{"class":127},[44,162637,115],{"class":58},[44,162639,226],{"class":1458},[44,162641,115],{"class":58},[44,162643,9211],{"class":111},[44,162645,637],{"class":58},[44,162647,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,162649,128],{"class":127},[44,162651,115],{"class":58},[44,162653,226],{"class":1458},[44,162655,115],{"class":58},[44,162657,9211],{"class":111},[44,162659,637],{"class":58},[20,162661,2028],{},[35,162663,162665],{"className":37,"code":162664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162666,162667,162697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162668,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162670,21691],{"class":58},[44,162672,3259],{"class":272},[44,162674,12830],{"class":276},[44,162676,3259],{"class":272},[44,162678,66],{"class":58},[44,162680,19848],{"class":62},[44,162682,9182],{"class":58},[44,162684,9185],{"class":58},[44,162686,3259],{"class":272},[44,162688,35893],{"class":276},[44,162690,3259],{"class":272},[44,162692,66],{"class":58},[44,162694,1681],{"class":62},[44,162696,9198],{"class":58},[44,162698,162699],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162700,38248],{"class":58},[20,162702,162703],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162705,162706,162707,108],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[394,162708,5090],{"href":5537},[30,162710,40997],{"id":40996},[20,162712,162713,162714,108],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162715,64085],{},[420,162717,162719],{"id":162718},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162721,162723],{"className":37,"code":162722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162724,162725,162757,162777,162781,162805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162728,4948],{"class":50},[44,162730,55],{"class":54},[44,162732,59],{"class":58},[44,162734,273],{"class":272},[44,162736,12830],{"class":276},[44,162738,273],{"class":272},[44,162740,66],{"class":58},[44,162742,284],{"class":272},[44,162744,35893],{"class":276},[44,162746,273],{"class":272},[44,162748,66],{"class":58},[44,162750,284],{"class":272},[44,162752,35902],{"class":276},[44,162754,273],{"class":272},[44,162756,72],{"class":58},[44,162758,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162760,5017],{"class":50},[44,162762,55],{"class":54},[44,162764,59],{"class":58},[44,162766,1676],{"class":62},[44,162768,66],{"class":58},[44,162770,1681],{"class":62},[44,162772,66],{"class":58},[44,162774,28871],{"class":62},[44,162776,72],{"class":58},[44,162778,162779],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162780,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162782,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162784,5909],{"class":3832},[44,162786,35944],{"class":50},[44,162788,66],{"class":58},[44,162790,5059],{"class":50},[44,162792,3839],{"class":3832},[44,162794,161341],{"class":127},[44,162796,115],{"class":58},[44,162798,4992],{"class":111},[44,162800,66],{"class":58},[44,162802,5064],{"class":111},[44,162804,8288],{"class":58},[44,162806,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162808,8017],{"class":127},[44,162810,115],{"class":58},[44,162812,22245],{"class":2022},[44,162814,273],{"class":276},[44,162816,9227],{"class":62},[44,162818,7616],{"class":111},[44,162820,22254],{"class":62},[44,162822,22257],{"class":276},[44,162824,9227],{"class":62},[44,162826,85286],{"class":111},[44,162828,22254],{"class":62},[44,162830,273],{"class":276},[44,162832,121],{"class":58},[420,162834,162836],{"id":162835},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162838,162840],{"className":37,"code":162839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162841,162842,162874,162898,162902,162924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162843,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162845,17191],{"class":50},[44,162847,55],{"class":54},[44,162849,59],{"class":58},[44,162851,273],{"class":272},[44,162853,12600],{"class":276},[44,162855,273],{"class":272},[44,162857,66],{"class":58},[44,162859,284],{"class":272},[44,162861,7616],{"class":276},[44,162863,273],{"class":272},[44,162865,66],{"class":58},[44,162867,284],{"class":272},[44,162869,15770],{"class":276},[44,162871,273],{"class":272},[44,162873,72],{"class":58},[44,162875,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162877,604],{"class":50},[44,162879,55],{"class":54},[44,162881,59],{"class":58},[44,162883,46543],{"class":62},[44,162885,66],{"class":58},[44,162887,284],{"class":272},[44,162889,12830],{"class":276},[44,162891,273],{"class":272},[44,162893,66],{"class":58},[44,162895,3872],{"class":1582},[44,162897,72],{"class":58},[44,162899,162900],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162901,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162905,9114],{"class":50},[44,162907,55],{"class":54},[44,162909,9119],{"class":1458},[44,162911,115],{"class":58},[44,162913,64155],{"class":127},[44,162915,115],{"class":58},[44,162917,16873],{"class":111},[44,162919,66],{"class":58},[44,162921,3842],{"class":111},[44,162923,637],{"class":58},[44,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,162927,128],{"class":127},[44,162929,115],{"class":58},[44,162931,9153],{"class":111},[44,162933,121],{"class":58},[420,162935,162937],{"id":162936},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162939,162941],{"className":37,"code":162940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162942,162943,162963,162983,162987,163012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162944,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162946,80424],{"class":50},[44,162948,55],{"class":54},[44,162950,59],{"class":58},[44,162952,2287],{"class":62},[44,162954,66],{"class":58},[44,162956,7738],{"class":62},[44,162958,66],{"class":58},[44,162960,7743],{"class":62},[44,162962,72],{"class":58},[44,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,162966,80445],{"class":50},[44,162968,55],{"class":54},[44,162970,59],{"class":58},[44,162972,2287],{"class":62},[44,162974,66],{"class":58},[44,162976,9255],{"class":62},[44,162978,66],{"class":58},[44,162980,7743],{"class":62},[44,162982,72],{"class":58},[44,162984,162985],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,162986,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,162988,162989,162991,162993,162995,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162990,5909],{"class":3832},[44,162992,56813],{"class":50},[44,162994,66],{"class":58},[44,162996,162997],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162999,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163001,161341],{"class":127},[44,163003,115],{"class":58},[44,163005,111516],{"class":111},[44,163007,66],{"class":58},[44,163009,80488],{"class":111},[44,163011,8288],{"class":58},[44,163013,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,163015,8017],{"class":127},[44,163017,115],{"class":58},[44,163019,2511],{"class":111},[44,163021,4641],{"class":54},[44,163023,2516],{"class":111},[44,163025,121],{"class":58},[20,163027,2028],{},[35,163029,163031],{"className":37,"code":163030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163032,163033,163037,163041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163034,163035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163036,3936],{"class":1582},[44,163038,163039],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163040,3997],{"class":1582},[44,163042,163043],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,163044,3936],{"class":1582},[420,163046,163048],{"id":163047},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,163050,163052],{"className":37,"code":163051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163053,163054,163089,163112,163116,163143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163055,163056,163059,163061,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071,163073,163076,163078,163080,163082,163085,163087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163057,163058],{"class":50},"products ",[44,163060,55],{"class":54},[44,163062,59],{"class":58},[44,163064,273],{"class":272},[44,163066,25091],{"class":276},[44,163068,273],{"class":272},[44,163070,66],{"class":58},[44,163072,284],{"class":272},[44,163074,163075],{"class":276},"Pen",[44,163077,273],{"class":272},[44,163079,66],{"class":58},[44,163081,284],{"class":272},[44,163083,163084],{"class":276},"Bag",[44,163086,273],{"class":272},[44,163088,72],{"class":58},[44,163090,163091,163093,163095,163097,163100,163102,163105,163107,163110],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163092,82814],{"class":50},[44,163094,55],{"class":54},[44,163096,59],{"class":58},[44,163098,163099],{"class":62},"12.5",[44,163101,66],{"class":58},[44,163103,163104],{"class":62}," 1.2",[44,163106,66],{"class":58},[44,163108,163109],{"class":62}," 25.0",[44,163111,72],{"class":58},[44,163113,163114],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,163115,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124,163127,163129,163131,163133,163136,163138,163141],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163119,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163121,25152],{"class":50},[44,163123,66],{"class":58},[44,163125,163126],{"class":50}," price ",[44,163128,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163130,161341],{"class":127},[44,163132,115],{"class":58},[44,163134,163135],{"class":111},"products",[44,163137,66],{"class":58},[44,163139,163140],{"class":111}," prices",[44,163142,8288],{"class":58},[44,163144,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163162,163164,163166,163168,163170],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,163146,8017],{"class":127},[44,163148,115],{"class":58},[44,163150,22245],{"class":2022},[44,163152,273],{"class":276},[44,163154,9227],{"class":62},[44,163156,26960],{"class":111},[44,163158,22254],{"class":62},[44,163160,163161],{"class":276}," costs $",[44,163163,9227],{"class":62},[44,163165,25100],{"class":111},[44,163167,22254],{"class":62},[44,163169,273],{"class":276},[44,163171,121],{"class":58},[20,163173,36551,163174,108],{},[394,163175,163177],{"href":163176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163179,163181,163182],{"id":163180},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163183,64085],{},[420,163185,8399,163187,163189],{"id":163186},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163188,64085],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163191,163192,163194],{},[15,163193,64085],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163196,163197],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163199,163201],{"className":37,"code":163200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163202,163203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163204,163205,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163206,128],{"class":127},[44,163208,115],{"class":58},[44,163210,11112],{"class":127},[44,163212,115],{"class":58},[44,163214,111516],{"class":111},[44,163216,9182],{"class":58},[44,163218,38337],{"class":127},[44,163220,115],{"class":58},[44,163222,80711],{"class":111},[44,163224,637],{"class":58},[420,163226,163228],{"id":163227},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163230,68602],{},[35,163232,163234],{"className":37,"code":163233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163235,163236,163272,163276,163289,163299,163303,163315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163237,163238,163240,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163239,9164],{"class":50},[44,163241,55],{"class":54},[44,163243,161341],{"class":127},[44,163245,457],{"class":58},[44,163247,63],{"class":62},[44,163249,66],{"class":58},[44,163251,69],{"class":62},[44,163253,18012],{"class":58},[44,163255,59],{"class":58},[44,163257,273],{"class":272},[44,163259,394],{"class":276},[44,163261,273],{"class":272},[44,163263,66],{"class":58},[44,163265,284],{"class":272},[44,163267,4714],{"class":276},[44,163269,273],{"class":272},[44,163271,466],{"class":58},[44,163273,163274],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163275,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,163277,163278,163280,163282,163284,163287],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,163279,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163281,5912],{"class":50},[44,163283,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163285,163286],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163288,6344],{"class":58},[44,163290,163291,163293,163295,163297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163292,8017],{"class":127},[44,163294,115],{"class":58},[44,163296,23261],{"class":111},[44,163298,121],{"class":58},[44,163300,163301],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,163302,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,163304,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313],{"class":46,"line":137},[44,163306,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163308,5912],{"class":50},[44,163310,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163312,163286],{"class":50},[44,163314,6344],{"class":58},[44,163316,163317,163319,163321,163323],{"class":46,"line":355},[44,163318,8017],{"class":127},[44,163320,115],{"class":58},[44,163322,23261],{"class":111},[44,163324,121],{"class":58},[20,163326,163327],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[420,163329,163331],{"id":163330},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163333,163334],{},"This is correct:",[35,163336,163338],{"className":37,"code":163337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163339,163340,163364,163380,163384,163408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163341,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163343,4948],{"class":50},[44,163345,55],{"class":54},[44,163347,59],{"class":58},[44,163349,273],{"class":272},[44,163351,12830],{"class":276},[44,163353,273],{"class":272},[44,163355,66],{"class":58},[44,163357,284],{"class":272},[44,163359,35893],{"class":276},[44,163361,273],{"class":272},[44,163363,72],{"class":58},[44,163365,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163367,5017],{"class":50},[44,163369,55],{"class":54},[44,163371,59],{"class":58},[44,163373,1676],{"class":62},[44,163375,66],{"class":58},[44,163377,1681],{"class":62},[44,163379,72],{"class":58},[44,163381,163382],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,163383,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,163385,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163387,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163389,35944],{"class":50},[44,163391,66],{"class":58},[44,163393,5059],{"class":50},[44,163395,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163397,161341],{"class":127},[44,163399,115],{"class":58},[44,163401,4992],{"class":111},[44,163403,66],{"class":58},[44,163405,5064],{"class":111},[44,163407,8288],{"class":58},[44,163409,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420],{"class":46,"line":124},[44,163411,8017],{"class":127},[44,163413,115],{"class":58},[44,163415,7616],{"class":111},[44,163417,66],{"class":58},[44,163419,130629],{"class":111},[44,163421,121],{"class":58},[20,163423,163424],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163426,163428],{"className":37,"code":163427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163429,163430,163450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163431,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163433,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163435,5912],{"class":50},[44,163437,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163439,161341],{"class":127},[44,163441,115],{"class":58},[44,163443,4992],{"class":111},[44,163445,66],{"class":58},[44,163447,5064],{"class":111},[44,163449,8288],{"class":58},[44,163451,163452,163454,163456,163458],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163453,8017],{"class":127},[44,163455,115],{"class":58},[44,163457,23261],{"class":111},[44,163459,121],{"class":58},[20,163461,2028],{},[35,163463,163465],{"className":37,"code":163464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163466,163467,163483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163468,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163470,115],{"class":58},[44,163472,3259],{"class":272},[44,163474,12830],{"class":276},[44,163476,3259],{"class":272},[44,163478,66],{"class":58},[44,163480,19848],{"class":62},[44,163482,121],{"class":58},[44,163484,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163486,115],{"class":58},[44,163488,3259],{"class":272},[44,163490,35893],{"class":276},[44,163492,3259],{"class":272},[44,163494,66],{"class":58},[44,163496,1681],{"class":62},[44,163498,121],{"class":58},[20,163500,163501],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[420,163503,582,163505,163507,163508],{"id":163504},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163506,64085],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163509,35701],{},[20,163511,144,163512,163514],{},[15,163513,64085],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163516,144,163517,163519],{},[15,163518,35701],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163521,163522],{"className":37,"code":35870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163523,163524,163556,163560,163580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163525,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163527,4948],{"class":50},[44,163529,55],{"class":54},[44,163531,59],{"class":58},[44,163533,273],{"class":272},[44,163535,12830],{"class":276},[44,163537,273],{"class":272},[44,163539,66],{"class":58},[44,163541,284],{"class":272},[44,163543,35893],{"class":276},[44,163545,273],{"class":272},[44,163547,66],{"class":58},[44,163549,284],{"class":272},[44,163551,35902],{"class":276},[44,163553,273],{"class":272},[44,163555,72],{"class":58},[44,163557,163558],{"class":46,"line":75},[44,163559,99],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":98},[44,163561,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578],{"class":46,"line":95},[44,163563,5909],{"class":3832},[44,163565,35773],{"class":50},[44,163567,66],{"class":58},[44,163569,35921],{"class":50},[44,163571,3839],{"class":3832},[44,163573,35783],{"class":127},[44,163575,115],{"class":58},[44,163577,4992],{"class":111},[44,163579,8288],{"class":58},[44,163581,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163583,8017],{"class":127},[44,163585,115],{"class":58},[44,163587,35798],{"class":111},[44,163589,66],{"class":58},[44,163591,35944],{"class":111},[44,163593,121],{"class":58},[20,163595,163596,163597,108],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[394,163598,3536,163599,3469],{"href":91789},[15,163600,35701],{},[30,163602,1757],{"id":1756},[420,163604,5096,163606,5099],{"id":163605},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163607,64085],{},[20,163609,163610],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[420,163612,1761,163614,163616],{"id":163613},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163615,64085],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163618,163619],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[420,163621,163623,163624,1778],{"id":163622},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163625,64085],{},[20,163627,163628,163629,108],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163630,162236],{},[420,163632,163634,163635,1778],{"id":163633},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163636,64085],{},[20,163638,127994,163639,163641],{},[15,163640,162389],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[420,163643,163645],{"id":163644},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163647,163648],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163650,1821],{"id":1820},[161,163652,163653,163658,163664,163668,163672],{},[164,163654,163655],{},[394,163656,163657],{"href":163176},"How to use zip in Python",[164,163659,163660],{},[394,163661,3536,163662,3469],{"href":91789},[15,163663,35701],{},[164,163665,163666],{},[394,163667,5170],{"href":5537},[164,163669,163670],{},[394,163671,69455],{"href":69378},[164,163673,163674],{},[394,163675,32211],{"href":31037},[1872,163677,163678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":75,"depth":75,"links":163680},[163681,163682,163684,163685,163686,163687,163695,163701,163710,163721],{"id":32,"depth":75,"text":33},{"id":161400,"depth":75,"text":163683},"What zip() does",{"id":187,"depth":75,"text":188},{"id":161793,"depth":75,"text":161794},{"id":161970,"depth":75,"text":161971},{"id":162222,"depth":75,"text":163688,"children":163689},"Converting zip() output",[163690,163692,163694],{"id":162233,"depth":95,"text":163691},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162386,"depth":95,"text":163693},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162556,"depth":95,"text":162557},{"id":40996,"depth":75,"text":40997,"children":163696},[163697,163698,163699,163700],{"id":162718,"depth":95,"text":162719},{"id":162835,"depth":95,"text":162836},{"id":162936,"depth":95,"text":162937},{"id":163047,"depth":95,"text":163048},{"id":163180,"depth":75,"text":163702,"children":163703},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163704,163706,163707,163708],{"id":163186,"depth":95,"text":163705},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163227,"depth":95,"text":163228},{"id":163330,"depth":95,"text":163331},{"id":163504,"depth":95,"text":163709},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1756,"depth":75,"text":1757,"children":163711},[163712,163714,163716,163718,163720],{"id":163605,"depth":95,"text":163713},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163613,"depth":95,"text":163715},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163622,"depth":95,"text":163717},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163633,"depth":95,"text":163719},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163644,"depth":95,"text":163645},{"id":1820,"depth":75,"text":1821},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161242,"description":163722},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945056734]